Ballyshannon Its History & Antiquities

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1. Glacial striation visible at Fortwilliam railway cutting

   Fortwilliam · townland · Clare

   A railway cutting about 200 yards west of the wooden bridge at Fortwilliam, on the Ballyshannon to Belleek line, shows boulder clay resting on striated and polished bedrock. The wave-like polished surface was produced by ice moving along the limestone beds, with two distinct sets of striations visible.

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   to the agency of Lee, and are nothing more than an accumulated mass of boulders (chiefly in our locality, limestone) and drift, transported thither by tluit great motive power — ice, in its passage from east to west. It is further noticeable that the direction of the axis of those hills indicates the direction of the flow of ice, A fine example of boulder clay or ice action, i.e. striation, may bo seen along the line of railway from Ballyshannon to Belleek. The best illustration will be found at a point about 200 yards west of the wooden bridge at Fortvrilliam. There, the railway cutting shows the boulder clay resting on the hed and striated roeks. The polishing and Btriation are peculiar, inasmuch as the rock presents a wave-like polished surface, the wavy appearance having been produced by the ice in its prog ing along the lie of the limestone beds, and

   not across them. These striations or scratches, which a casual observer from their distinctness might suppose to be quite recent, when examined by a clinometer (an instrument used to ascertain the angle or dip of strata), have been found to consist of two sets of fitrin, showing that, although the general direction of iee-a from east i'i west was constant, yet other and smaller currents from different quarters also contributed to the carving and scratching of the surface.

   Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 3

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere near here, along the old railway line from Ballyshannon to Belleek, there is a cutting in the rock that carries the marks of ice. About 200 yards west of the wooden bridge at Fortwilliam, the cutting shows boulder clay resting on striated and polished bedrock. The clay is an accumulated mass of boulders, chiefly limestone, and drift, carried there by ice moving from east to west. The rock presents a wave-like polished surface. That wavy appearance was produced by the ice moving along the lie of the limestone beds, not across them. The scratches are so distinct a casual observer might think them quite recent. When examined with a clinometer, an instrument used to find the angle or dip of strata, the striations have been found to consist of two sets. This shows that while the general direction of the ice from east to west was constant, other and smaller currents from different quarters also contributed to the carving and scratching of the surface.

2. Kilbarron Old Church and the English Reformation

   Kilbarron · townland · Donegal · 1600–1622

   A claim asserted that the old church of Kilbarron was one of the first in Ireland to use the English service after the Reformation. An ecclesiastical authority refuted this, noting that wild, primitive Tirconneel would have been far behind the churches of the Pale.

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   The preservation of the parochial records in the Established Church of Ireland, was not in former times a matter of much consideration, and as a consequence, the earliest and probably most interesting chronicles of the parish of Kilbarron, in common with others, are irretrievably lost. The oldest documents which would throw light on our parish wore deposited in the episcopal library at Kaphoe, but these were destroyed by the Jacobite soldiers, when passing through that town to the siege of Derry. It has been asserted that the old church of Kilbarron which gave its name to the parish, was one of the first in Ireland in which the English service was used after the reformation ; we cannot however discover any record or evideuco to support this statement, and having submitted the matter to a high authority* on all points of ecclesiastical antiquities, his opinion will doubtless be allowed to settle the question. lie thus refers to the subject — "I am not aware, nor do I think it likely, that Kilbarron old chorea bad any priority over the principal churches throughout Ireland in the use of our reformed prayer hook. Indeed I would a priori say that so wild and primitive a district as Tirconneil would be long hehind the churches of the "pale" in the employment of our English service book." The old church of Kilbarron may possibly have been used for protestant worship during the

   • Or, Rcovc!.

   Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 23

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here stands what was the old church of Kilbarron, which gave its name to the parish. The preservation of parochial records in the Established Church of Ireland was not in former times a matter of much consideration, and as a consequence, the earliest and probably most interesting chronicles of this parish are irretrievably lost. The oldest documents which would throw light on the parish were deposited in the episcopal library at Raphoe, but these were destroyed by Jacobite soldiers when passing through that town to the siege of Derry. It has been asserted that the old church was one of the first in Ireland in which the English service was used after the Reformation. No record or evidence can be discovered to support this statement. The matter was submitted to a high authority on all points of ecclesiastical antiquities. He said, "I am not aware, nor do I think it likely, that Kilbarron old church had any priority over the principal churches throughout Ireland in the use of our reformed prayer book." He went on to say that so wild and primitive a district as Tirconneil would be long behind the churches of the Pale in the employment of the English service book.

3. Kilbarron old church medieval ruin

   Kilbarron · townland · Donegal · 1200–1320

   A medieval church ruin half a mile from Kilbarron Castle, traditionally founded by St. Columbkille. The pointed-doorway building measures roughly 30 by 21 feet, uses shore sandstone with coarse shelly mortar, and is surrounded by a cemetery with family burial plots marked by low dividing walls and surviving headstones.

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   Of ecclesiastical antiquities, the old church of Kilbarron, about half a mile distant from the castle, is perhaps one of the most interesting in our neighbourhood, a church having been established there by St. Coluuicille.* The present ruin is not, however, of that early period, but belongs to medieval times. The building is massive, but destitute of ornamentation :— the following are the dimensions — length 30 feet, width 21 feet 4 inches, thickness of wall 2 feet U inches. The materials are sandstone, procured from the neighbouring shore, cemented together with a grouting of coarse shelly mortar, with which substance the inside of the building seems to have been roughly covered. There are two doorways (one in either eidewall) with ■" pointed " tops, the arch being formed of two well-cut convergent stones. This pointed style of doorway is much later than the horizontal stone lintel, and semicircular arch, and characterizes the present ruin as not earlier than the end of the tliirteeuth or beginning of the fourteenth century. In the western gable is a narrow splayed light ; in the east gable next the road, was a larger window, but all trace of its shape has disappeared along with the roof, which was doubtless constructed of oak shingles. Around the church was a cemetery of considerable dimensions, and on the north side are a series of small plots of ground, each

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   Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 42

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here is the old church of Kilbarron, about half a mile from Kilbarron Castle. A church was first established here by Saint Columbkille, though the standing ruin is not from that early period. It belongs to medieval times. The building is massive but has no ornamentation. It measures 30 feet long and 21 feet 4 inches wide, with walls 2 feet 11 inches thick. The materials are sandstone from the neighbouring shore, cemented with a grouting of coarse shelly mortar, which also seems to have roughly covered the inside. There are two doorways, one in either sidewall, each with a pointed top, the arch formed of two well-cut convergent stones. This pointed style of doorway is much later than the horizontal stone lintel and the semicircular arch, and dates the ruin as not earlier than the end of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century. In the western gable is a narrow splayed light. In the east gable, next to the road, was a larger window, but all trace of its shape has disappeared along with the roof, which was doubtless constructed of oak shingles. Around the church was a cemetery of considerable dimensions. On the north side are a series of small plots of ground, each marked by low dividing walls, with surviving headstones for family burials.

4. The Disert near Assaroe Abbey, hermitage site

   Assaroe · waterfall · Donegal

   Near the abbey of Assaroe was a place called the Desert or Disert, from the Latin desertum, meaning a sequestered place or hermitage used by early Irish saints. The name is now unknown there; Catsby, meaning cat's dwelling or cat's cave, is the likely site, with a bullan cut in the rock indicating early ecclesiastical use.

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   liave now disappeared. For example, Ballymmamafh, i.e., the town of the monks, a district comprising several towtilands on the south bank of the Erne, was so known here in the 17th and 18th centuries, as it is frequently referred to in the ehnrch books of that period. Another name now lost is Donnogkmore; this "quarter of land" is mentioned in an inquisition taken in the year 1621. In this townland, which probably lay somewhere between Enllymunterhiggen and Draraachrin, was the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor.* In the neighbourhood of the abbey of Assaroe, was a place called the Desert or Disert, a name now unknown there ; the- word is from the latin desertum, and means a sequestered place. In the Irish MSS. it is generally used in an ecclesiastical sense to denote a hermitage, or place of retirement, such as the early Irish saints nsed as dwellings.! The only plaeo at the abbey which from its situation seems likely to have been selected for such a purpose is Catsby. The name catsby means catfs dwclting which may be a translation of tiie Irish name of tlie cave, such as Bonnagat, Coosnagat, Daren or Pollnagat, all of which would moan cat's cavc^ or Catsby. The name is at all ovonts comparatively modern, and the existence of a circular hole or bnllan cut in the rock, is evidence that the place was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period. There are many other local names occurring in our district whose origin is botli curious and interesting, but of these we must not now speak. We cannot, however, bring these pages to a close without expressing the hope that Ballyshannon of the present, as well as future generations, may strive to imitate tiio good example set them by the old inhabitants, of industry, enterprise (notwithstanding many obstacles), and un% of effort in promoting the welfare of the town; that sotting aside sectarian and political differences, all may be ready to work together for the common good, remembering that " unity is strength," and that in helping on any well-devised scheme for the prosperity of the community, each individual member will reap advantage.

   • Seo Clwp Xlv. f Jujw's Irish Names ol Plates, lit aeries, page SS3.

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   As the companion tells it

   The Disert was the name once given to a place near the abbey of Assaroe. The word comes from the Latin desertum, meaning a sequestered place. In the Irish manuscripts, it is generally used in an ecclesiastical sense, to denote a hermitage, or place of retirement, such as the early Irish saints used as dwellings. The name is now unknown there. The only place at the abbey which, from its situation, seems likely to have been selected for such a purpose is Catsby. The name Catsby means cat's dwelling, which may be a translation of the Irish name of the cave, such as Bonnagat, Coosnagat, Daren, or Pollnagat, all of which would mean cat's cave. The name is at all events comparatively modern. But the existence of a circular hole, or bullan, cut in the rock, is evidence that the place was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period. Other names have disappeared from this landscape too. Ballymmamafh, meaning the town of the monks, a district of several townlands on the south bank of the Erne, was known in the 17th and 18th centuries and appears frequently in the church books of that period. Donnoghmore, a quarter of land mentioned in an inquisition taken in 1621, is another name now lost. It probably lay somewhere between Ballymunterhiggen and Drumarin, and held the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor.

5. Garrison village on Lough Melvin, military station

   Garrison · townland · Cavan · 1640–1660

   The village of Garrison on the shores of Lough Melvin was selected as a military station during the disturbances towards the mid-17th century. Vestiges of the old military barrack remain, and 'Barrack Street' preserves the memory; iron works were also carried on by English settlers there.

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   Near the fair-green was the Tyburn, or gallowshill of Baltyshannon; upon the snmmit of a steep rock which still retains its distinctive name, Carriek-na*crogherif, i.e. the hangman's rock, once stood the gallows, where doubtless many a culprit was executed in the "good old times." Prom various passages in Irish antiquities it appears that criminals were executed both by hanging and decapitation, and various names of places in Ireland still preserve the remembrance of such modes of punishment. In our district are several names which owe their origin to the introduction of the English element. For example the well called Tdbertuma&sormgh, i.e. the well of the Saxon, on the north side of the town, derived its name from being dug or used by the English settlers. The word "Camp" which is the name Of a email townland near the town, owe3 its origin to its having been the site of an English encampment, probably during the period of the O'Donnells. "Park," a name which occurs more than once, is another of these "borrowed" words,* The village of Gairismi on the shores of Longh Melvin, owes its name to its selection as a military station in the disturbances which took place towards the middle of the 17th century, and not only is this circumstance preserved in the name of the village, but by vestiges of the old military barrack, and by the name "bairack street" where the building stood. At "the Garrison" (as it was styled in a letter printed in 1G43), were iron works,f carried on by English settlers, and it was regarded, from its close proximity to the " kingdom of Connanght," as a pass worthy of being gu;i

   Many of the local names in common use two centuries back

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   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Garrison, on the shores of Lough Melvin, is a village that owes its name to its selection as a military station. This was during the disturbances that took place towards the middle of the 17th century. The circumstance is preserved not only in the name of the village, but in vestiges of the old military barrack, and in the name Barrack Street, where the building stood. At the Garrison, iron works were carried on by English settlers, and it was regarded, from its close proximity to the kingdom of Connacht, as a pass worthy of being guarded. The English element left its mark on other local names in this district. A well called Tubertumassormagh, meaning the well of the Saxon, on the north side of the town, derived its name from being dug or used by English settlers. The word Camp, the name of a small place near the town, owes its origin to having been the site of an English encampment, probably during the period of the O'Donnells. Park is another of these borrowed words. Near the fair-green was the Tyburn, or gallows hill, of Ballyshannon. Upon the summit of a steep rock, which still retains its distinctive name, Carrick-na-crogher, meaning the hangman's rock, once stood the gallows, where doubtless many a culprit was executed in what the source calls the "good old times." From various passages in Irish antiquities it appears that criminals were executed both by hanging and decapitation, and various names of places in Ireland still preserve the remembrance of such modes of punishment.

6. Killybegs volunteer corps organized

   Killybegs · town · Donegal · 1779–1878

   A volunteer corps similar to the Ballyshannon Volunteers was organized in Killybegs. The banners of both corps were later exhibited at the Royal Irish Academy during a conversazione honouring the British Association in Dublin in 1878.

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   A similar corps was organized in Killybegs, and an interesting lii'-mento of the local spirit and patriotism of Ballyshannon and K illybegs was exhibited at the Royal Irish Academy, where the banners of both corps formed part of the decoration of the building of that learned body at the conversazione given in honour of the British Association, which met in the Autumn of 1878 in Dublin.

   Before the era of the "plantation," there seems to have been no ecclesiastical edifice in the town, though there were both churches and "chappies of ease" inthesurroundingneighbourhood. The one most generally resorted to by the inhabitants was doubtless the "church with a steeple" which adjoined the abbey of Assaroe, The old church of Kilbarron, though also attached tothe abbey, was, owing to its isolated position, probably allowed to fall into disuse and decay, long before the English settlement was effected. The Donegal portion of the parish of Inismacsaiut was provided with two chapels of ease, as the following extract from an inquisition taken at EnniskUlen, 18th September, 1001), Bhows:— "they alsoe sale thatin the said parish (of Enishmissauib) is a chappie of ease, called Fjmnoare in Maeginey, unto which said chappie the viecar of the said parish is to send a curate to sjie divine service; and that in the said parish also is another chappie called Ballihanny." The first of these is Firmer church,* one mile distant from Bundorun, the other is probably identical with the ruined church at Sminver, near to the railway station at Ballysbannon. Though Sminver is not in the townland of Bullylianna, it is contiguous to it, and some confusion in the boundary lines may have been made whon the inquisition was taken. There was also in former times, a chapel in the town lam I of Rathmore, not far distant from Ballysbannon. The Roman C ntholic Church, n o w standing i n a part of the old p ark o f O'Donnell's-

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   As the companion tells it

   Killybegs, in Donegal, organized a volunteer corps of its own, similar to the Ballyshannon Volunteers. The banners of both corps were later exhibited at the Royal Irish Academy, where they formed part of the decoration of that learned body's building. This was for a conversazione given in honour of the British Association, which met in Dublin in the autumn of 1878. The display of the two banners together was noted as a memento of the local spirit and patriotism of Ballyshannon and Killybegs.

7. New cruciform church built on Mullaghnashee, 1735

   Mullaghnashee · townland · Roscommon · 1735

   In 1735, the old church had become so ruinous it was deemed unsafe, and parishioners resolved to build a new cruciform church on ground between the west wall and the sould fort (the ancient ráth mound). The nave and choir measured 85 feet by 28 feet, and the transept 58 feet by 23 feet.

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   In the year 1700, the sum of one pound fifteen shillings, was paid for a baptismal font of "beweu stone" which was set in the west end of the first church. It now lies in the church porch, having been rescued by the present incumbent from a yard in the town, where the top portion was used a sa trough for feeding ducks! In 1718, a school house "for the instruction of poor children" was built by Archdeacon Michael Hewetson. This primitive structure stood upon the site of the present sexton's house, and was liko the church, roofed with shingles. In 1735, the church had fallen into such a rubious condition that it was deemed unsafe to use it any longer for public worship, and it was resolved by the parishioners that a new church should be built "with all convenient speed" on the lerd ground lying between the west wall of the church and the so<lfort,\ The new church which was crnciform, was of the foltowing dimensions — length of nave and choir, 85 feet, width 28 feet — length of transept, 58 feet, width, 23 feet. During the erection of this church, public worship was conducted in the old school house.

   Kanjr words were at this time spelt w pronounced: the word f.uMjrisstill commonly ■ -1 > r . iittti-r. Many m. r> ■ dimples could be given of this phonetic, method of spelling words iu old MSS. and of theil survival in local pronunciation t .An old term Tor Cliititcel, from the suite root, cuaeelli, rail J Ihij «u the Sttt Audha ttuttidh, thores&l mound having been then in ciWcuce.

   Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 24

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Mullaghnashee, a new cruciform church was built in 1735. The old church had fallen into such a ruinous condition that it was deemed unsafe to use any longer for public worship, and the parishioners resolved that a new one should be built, in their words, with all convenient speed, on the ground lying between the west wall of the old church and the sould fort, the ancient ráth mound still in existence at that time. The new church was cruciform in shape. The nave and choir measured 85 feet in length and 28 feet in width. The transept ran 58 feet long and 23 feet wide. While it was being erected, public worship was carried on in the old school house. That school house had been built in 1718 by Archdeacon Michael Hewetson for the instruction of poor children. It stood on the site of the present sexton's house and, like the church before it, was roofed with shingles. Years earlier, in 1700, a baptismal font of beweu stone had been bought for one pound fifteen shillings and set in the west end of the first church. It was later rescued from a yard in the town, where its top portion had been used as a trough for feeding ducks, and it came to lie in the church porch.

8. Turlough O'Donnell Takes Monk's Habit at Assaroe, 1422

   Assaroe · waterfall · Donegal · 1422

   In 1422 Turlough, son of Niall Garv O'Donnell, Lord of Tirconnell, took the habit of a monk in the monastery of Assaroe after gaining victory over the present world.

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   a.d. 1422— Turlough, the son of Niall Garv O'Donnell, Lord of Tirconnell, took the habit of a monk in the monastery of Assaroe, after gaining victory over the present world.

   a.d. 1450— Edmond, abbot of Assaroe, died,

   Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 12

   As the companion tells it

   A monastery at Assaroe, by the waterfall. In 1422, Turlough, son of Niall Garv O'Donnell, Lord of Tirconnell, took the habit of a monk in this monastery, after, as the record says, gaining victory over the present world. In 1450, Edmond, abbot of Assaroe, died.

9. 1697 Upgrades to Mullaghnashee Churchyard

   Mullaghnashee · townland · Roscommon · 1697

   In 1697, a wall was built around the churchyard at Mullaghnashee and trees were planted inside. A new bell was also obtained from Dublin to replace the old one in the open belfry.

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   east window of the present structure; tin's wall was built round the churchyard hi 16*97, and in the same year trees were plan ted in it, and the hell which was hung in a small open belfry, surmounted by a weather-cock, was taken down and a new bell obtained from Dublin. The particulars connected with its and erection are sufficiently curious to justify reproduction here: —

   "To Captain Ffolliott for ye Bell ... ... .£0 02 07

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   As the companion tells it

   Close to Mullaghnashee, the churchyard saw improvements in 1697. A wall was built round the churchyard, and trees were planted inside it that same year. The bell that hung in a small open belfry, surmounted by a weathercock, was taken down, and a new bell was obtained from Dublin. A payment to Captain Ffolliott for the bell is recorded at two shillings and sevenpence.

10. Ballyshannon as premier fishing station

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Ballyshannon on the river Erne in south-west Donegal is described as probably the most central fishing station in all Ireland, offering lake, river, and sea fishing in abundance throughout the entire year. The town's name has long been associated with salmon.

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    high and low degree, Ballyahannon has ever been esteemed. "In the whole of Ireland {says a tvriter in Hie l Field'), there is probably no place so central for a fishing station throughout the entire year as Ballyshannon, situated on the river Erne, in tiie south-west of the comity Donegal. Lake, river, and seafishing in abundance, and the variety wonderful." The following species occur in our waters.— The salmon (salmo salary, The bull trout (salmo erioz), a specimen was lately caught in the estuary which weighed 241bs. Sea trout (salmo trntta), common trout (sal/no fario), great lake trout (salmo ferox), the gillaroo tsaat (salmo stomaclticm). In Lough Melvin, the char and mtttmw abound; and in Lough Erne and iu some of the small lakes in the neighbourhood there are plenty of pike (<.w luetic). This fish does not occur in Lough Melvin.

    Crustacea. — The common lobster (astacus mar inns) is plentiful, and largo numbers are caught at Bunatroohan and Bundoran, and fetch a good price both in this country and England, The craj'-fish (A. ji has been found in a small stream in the

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon sits on the river Erne in the south-west of Donegal, and for a long time its name has been tied to salmon. A writer in The Field once said that in the whole of Ireland there is probably no place so central for a fishing station throughout the entire year. Lake, river, and sea fishing in abundance, and the variety wonderful. The waters hold salmon, bull trout, sea trout, common trout, great lake trout, and the gillaroo trout. In Lough Melvin the char and mummow abound. In Lough Erne and some of the small lakes nearby there are plenty of pike, though that fish does not occur in Lough Melvin. A bull trout specimen was lately caught in the estuary weighing 24 pounds. The common lobster is plentiful, and large numbers are caught at Bunatroohan and Bundoran, fetching a good price both in this country and England. The crayfish has been found in a small stream in the area.

11. Bishop's weed introduced by monks grows in Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Bishop's weed, a plant formerly held in repute as a remedy for gout, grows plentifully about Ballyshannon. The plant was introduced by the monks, linking the town's flora to its medieval monastic heritage.

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    sparry (s. marina), grows on rocks at Fairy Bridge. Wall pennywort (cotyledon umb&cua), English stonecrop (seefim angticum), biting do. (s. acre) occur. Alpine saxifrage (s. nivalin), the purple mountain do. (« oppoaitifoiia), and the yellow mountain do. (s. amides), all rare plants, occnr on Ben Bulben. The whiterot (/ j, common in marshes. Bishop's weed (wgopodium podagrarid), a plant formerly held in repute as a remedy for gout, and introduced by the monks, grows plentifully aboutthe town. Hemlock (ooniwa macutattmk occurs occasionally, but is often confused with other umbelliferous plants. Shepherds needle (scandix pecten) is occasional. Common elder (sambwtu nigra), and honeysuckle (hnirmt), common bedstraw (galium verum), smooth heath do. (g. saj:atite),\white water do. (g, palitstre), leaved do, (g. bormle). Goose grass do. (g. sparine) occur ; Blue field madder (skerardia arvensis), sweet woodruff (azperula odorata), and great wild valerian (V. officinalis), frequent. Scabious (a, succisa), common (a white variety has also been found). The hairy hawkweed (Jueradvm lasiophy/b/m), a very rare plant, occurs on Ben Bulbeu. Black knapweed (centaurea nif/ra), mugwort (artmiaia vulgaris). Hemp agdmony (eti^atorkmamnabiiwmif, mountain everlasting (antemaria dioica\ marsh cudweed {iptriphaliinii uligtnoswi). Butterbur (petasifes vulgaris), a plaid with large rhubtin M&S /raves, sea aster or starwort (osier fripolium) Feverfew (mairicaria cluimomilla), sneezewort milfoil, as well as many other common composite plants, occur. The bilberry ('■"c ;iliis)iii frequent. Cross-leaved heath (erica tetmtix) and the common ling (sometimes with white flowers), are plentiful. Common centuary (erythraea centanrium), field gentian (g. camp&irU), buckbeaa (menyanthea trifoliato). Hooded bindweed (ocdystegia senium). Sea-side bindweed (soldanella), gromwell (lithospemum officinale), eomfrey (Symphytum officinale), occur. The ivy-leaved toad flax (linaria cymbalaria), this interesting plant which is an alien, has established itself in profusion on old walls round the town. The large flowered hemp nettle (yaleopsis versicolor) and the calamint (c, officinalis), a rare plant, occurs at the abbey.

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    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, there is a plant that still grows plentifully about the town, brought here long ago by the monks. They call it Bishop's weed. Its old name carried a purpose. It was held in repute as a remedy for gout. The monks introduced it, and it took hold, spreading through the lanes and margins of the town until it became common. The monks left more than one trace in the local flora. At the abbey, a rare plant called calamint can be found. And on the old walls round the town, the ivy-leaved toadflax has established itself in profusion. It is an alien plant, not native, but it has made these walls its home. The countryside nearby holds rare things too. On Ben Bulben, alpine saxifrage grows, and the purple mountain saxifrage and the yellow mountain saxifrage, all of them rare. The hairy hawkweed, a very rare plant, occurs there as well. Down at Fairy Bridge, sparry grows on the rocks. Hemlock occurs occasionally in the area, though it is often confused with other umbelliferous plants. Many common things grow here too: elder, honeysuckle, bilberry, heath and ling. But it is the Bishop's weed that carries the monks' mark, a green remedy planted centuries ago that still grows plentifully about Ballyshannon.

12. Cinerary urn found in cromlech at Rowantreehill

    Rowantreehill · townland · Donegal

    A cromlech located at the back of Rowantreehill yielded a cinerary urn containing ashes and several large bones when explored some years prior to the book's writing.

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    only just enough remains to mark their position, and prevent their name from being altogether blotted out. The owner of the land on which the largest of these cromlechs stood, is said to have broken up the flags (which were limestone) and filled a limekiln with the fragments, bat tradition says that " no power on earth could burn one of them," This giant's grave as well as the Coolmore one, was supposed to contain treasure, and it is related that two men who went to search the enclosure had hardly struck their spades iuto the sacred ground when they fount! their feet miraculously fastened to their spade shafts ! In the cromlech which stood at the back of Eowantreehill was found, a good many years ago, a cinerary uru containing ashes and several hones of largo size. Nearer Ballyshannon, and close to Fortwillio.nl, are the remains of a cromlech which preserves in its Irish name Leaba-an-laeich, (pronounced Labbinleo) a remembrance of the object for which it was erected — the word signifying the bed, or grave of the hero.

    In Fiuner Warren are three examples, one of which was unroofed some years ago and found to contain an urn full of burnt human bones. In the same locality is also a stone circle, and a chambered caim, which was discovered by some labourers while engaged in building a wall in the warren. In this sepulchral cave which is artificially constructed, were found portions of several human skeletons, the teeth in somo of the skulls being in good preservation. Iu this case there was no evidence of cremation having been used. This form of cairn burial is supposed to be of great antiquity.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Rowantreehill, a cromlech once stood at the back of the hill. A good many years ago, it was explored, and inside they found a cinerary urn containing ashes and several bones of large size. That is what the record tells us, and it is enough to know that the dead were placed here with care, long before anyone remembered who they were. The passage tells of other cromlechs in this same country, and the stories that clung to them. The largest of them stood on land whose owner broke up the limestone flags and filled a limekiln with the fragments. But tradition says that no power on earth could burn one of them. That giant's grave, like the one at Coolmore, was supposed to hold treasure. Two men went to search the enclosure, and had hardly struck their spades into the sacred ground when they found their feet miraculously fastened to the spade shafts. The dead at Rowantreehill were left in ashes and bone. Others nearby were laid in chambered cairns, in stone circles, in graves that still carry Irish names. One is called Leaba an Laoich, the bed or grave of the hero. These places are old beyond reckoning, and what was found in them, burnt bone and unburnt skeleton, speaks of different peoples and different ways of honouring the dead, all in this same ground.

13. Custom House in Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Sir Henry Caldwell, before inheriting the family baronetcy, carried on business as a merchant in Ballyshannon and built the Custom House there.

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    lead to the supposition of its having been at some former period an ecclesiastical structure. It was after the dissolution of the Irish monasteries, and when their lauds became forfeited to the crown, that the Cast lee aid well property came Into the possession of the BUimerhmaU family. In 16 11, King James made a grant of these lands to Sir E, Blennerhassett, and for many years afterwards the old monastery seems to have been used as a family residence, and received the name of C'ustlehaaset. One of thefamily — Sir Leonard BleitnerhaasM — owned and worked extensive iron mines on the shores of Lough Erne, where the ore waa smelted, and sent away in a manufactured state,* This industry, together with others of a similar kind, was eutirery upset by the rebellion of lG41.t In 1671, Sir Augustus Blennerhassett sold the property to James Caldwell, who was subsequently created a baronet. His sou, Sir Henry, during his early lite carried on business as a merchant in Bally shannon, where he built the Custom Ilotise ; and upon the death of his father, went to reside on the property, which was from hence called Cajjfecakhcell. The house, which was in a rather dilapidated condition when it came into the hands of the Caldwells, was by them renewed and partially rebuilt, though its original features seem to have been in ih" main, carefully preserved. The title of baronet in the Caldwell family descended in the following order, the two test named holding title only j — Sir James Caldwell, Bart.; Sir Henry Caldwell, Bart.; Sir John Caldwell, Bart,; Sir James Caldwell, Bart,; Sir John Caldwell, Bart, (grandfather to the present owner, John Caldwell Bloomfield, Esq.,) Sir John Caldwell, Bart. ; Sir Henry Caldwell, Bart., at whose death the title became extinct.

    At the close of 1739 this country was visited with a frost <■! extraordinary length and severity. It extended into the year 17-10, lasting in all 108 days. A period of great scarcity and

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    In Ballyshannon, the Custom House stands as a reminder of Sir Henry Caldwell's time as a merchant here. The story of the property begins with the Blennerhassett family, who came into possession of the Castlehassett lands after the dissolution of the Irish monasteries, when monastic lands became forfeited to the crown. King James granted these lands to Sir E. Blennerhassett, and for many years afterwards the old monastery served as a family residence, taking the name Castlehassett. Sir Leonard Blennerhassett owned and worked extensive iron mines on the shores of Lough Erne, where ore was smelted and sent away in a manufactured state. This industry, together with others of a similar kind, was entirely upset by the rebellion. In 1671, Sir Augustus Blennerhassett sold the property to James Caldwell, who was subsequently created a baronet. His son, Sir Henry, during his early life carried on business as a merchant in Ballyshannon, where he built the Custom House. Upon the death of his father, Sir Henry went to reside on the property, which from then was called Castle Caldwell. The house was in a rather dilapidated condition when it came into the hands of the Caldwells. They renewed and partially rebuilt it, though its original features seem to have been in the main carefully preserved. The baronet title descended through the Caldwell family: Sir James, Sir Henry, Sir John, Sir James, Sir John, who was grandfather to the present owner, John Caldwell Bloomfield, then Sir John, and finally Sir Henry, at whose death the title became extinct.

14. Derryhirk named for wild boar oak wood

    Derryhirk · townland · Donegal

    The place name Derryhirk, meaning 'the oak wood of the boar,' preserves the memory of wild boars that once roamed the woods of Magh Ohio. The name is a toponymic relic of extinct fauna.

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    Extinct Species. — The red deer (cervus dopfcws), though onee plentiful in this part of Ireland, has long since disappeared. A perfect antler and a portion of another, together with some bones of this noble species, have recently been discovered at the sandhills. In the sixteenth century the red deer was so plentiful in the north of Ireland that they could be bought for lialf-a-crown eaibh* la prehistoric times, the great Irish elk, or " big horn " ). moved his stately form through the dense Is and thickets that clothed the river's sides. In 1601 a pair of these gigantic antlers was discovered hy Major Folliott at Wardtown. They were buried at a depth of ten feet from the surface of the ground.j The wild boar (m ncrafa) once roamed through the woods of Magh Ohio. The remembrance of these formidable animals is preserved in our district by the name of Derryhirk, i.e. the oak wood of the boar.

    Aves.—TUc binls (especially those of the sea) ocenpy a conspicuous place iu the natural history of our district. Owing to the comparative absence of trees, many birds, generally distributed, are but seldom noticed near the town.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Derryhirk, the land keeps the memory of animals that no longer live here. The name Derryhirk means the oak wood of the boar. Wild boar once roamed through the woods of Magh Ohio, and the name alone carries that remembrance forward. They were formidable animals, now gone. This was not the only species lost to the district. The red deer was once plentiful in this part of Ireland but has long since disappeared. A perfect antler and a portion of another, together with some bones of the red deer, were recently discovered at the sandhills. In the sixteenth century, red deer were so plentiful in the north of Ireland that they could be bought for half a crown each. In prehistoric times, the great Irish elk, or big horn, moved through the dense woods and thickets that clothed the river's sides. In 1601, a pair of these gigantic antlers was discovered by Major Folliott at Wardtown, buried at a depth of 10 feet from the surface of the ground.

15. Military Barracks in Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Ballyshannon was an important military depot with infantry and cavalry barracks near the bridge, and Rock barracks built before 1800. A detachment was also stationed at Fortnason.

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    distress succeeded, and it was at that time that General Folliolt, the owner of Ward town, decided to hnild Wardtown Castle, thereby giving employment to the distressed classes of the neighbourhood. The remuneration they received daring the progress of the work was sixpence pat day, ami their food. Considering the value of money in those days, this was a liberal allowance, and fully equivalent to 2s. per day at the present time. Before the erection of Wardtown Castle, the Folliott family had a residence on their property there. In a "Collection of Papers communicated to the Royal Society" by Thomas M"lynenx, M.D., F.R.S.E., the following passage occurs:— "In the year 1 G91, Major Polliott told mo, that digging for marl near the town Ballymacward, where he lives, not far from Ballyshamion, ho found buried ten foot under plain solid ground, a pair of these sort of horns (Megaceros), which he keeps still in his possession." General Folliott, the builder of Wardtown Castle, was an ancestor of the present Colonel John Polliott, of Holybrook House, Co. Sligo, who still holds a portion of the lauds of the old barons of Ballyshmmon, and is descended from the same stock. Ballyshannon was in the last century an important military depot. Besides the infantry barracks on the left hand side of the bridge, and the cavalry barracks on the opposite side of the road, the Rock barracks seem to have been built prior to the year 1800, when all three were in occupation together. A detachment of soldiers was also stationed for a time at Fortnason. The cavalry barracks (which stood within the present market yard enclosure), was probably built with stones from O'Donn ell's castle, but no vestige of it now remains, the ruins having been removed previous to the building of the railed wall which now separates the market yard from the street.

    The introduction of the military element into this town upon

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon was an important military depot. Besides the infantry barracks on one side of the bridge and the cavalry barracks on the opposite side of the road, the Rock barracks seem to have been built before the year 1800, when all three were in occupation together. A detachment of soldiers was also stationed for a time at Fortnason. The cavalry barracks stood within the present market yard enclosure and was probably built with stones from O'Donnell's castle, but no vestige of it now remains. The ruins were removed before the building of the railed wall that now separates the market yard from the street. The military presence in this town extended across several sites at once, the infantry and cavalry barracks placed near the bridge, the Rock barracks already standing before the turn of the century. Fortnason held a detachment of soldiers for a time as well. The cavalry barracks is gone entirely. Whatever stones were taken from O'Donnell's castle to build it have been scattered or reused, and only the market yard wall marks where it once stood. The town you are passing through carried the weight of a garrison, spread across these separate posts, and the buildings that served that purpose have left few traces above the ground today.

16. Old church on Mullaghnashee depicted in eighteenth-century painting

    Mullaghnashee · townland · Roscommon

    An oil painting of Ballyshannon from the last century, taken from the south side of the river, shows the steeply ascending hill with the old church on Mullaghnashee, its transept facing the river.

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    There is in existence an oil painting of Ballyshannon in the last century. It is taken from the south side of the river, and shows the steeply ascending hill, with the old church on Mullaghnashec, wiili iis transept facing the river. Also another painting, in the possession of a gentleman in the neighbourhood, which shows the aspect of the town a century or so back. This picture in the bridge with its tower in the centre, and the gateway

    r

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Mullaghnashee, there was an old church on the steeply ascending hill. We know what it looked like because an oil painting of Ballyshannon survives from the last century. The painter stood on the south side of the river, and the church is shown with its transept facing the water. Another painting, held by a gentleman in the neighbourhood, shows the town as it was a century or so back, with the bridge and its central tower and gateway.

17. Pollpatrick and Toberpatrick: St. Patrick's holy well and pool

    Toberpatrick · townland · Roscommon

    Near the Blackrock at the Bar is Pollpatrick (Patrick's hole), a deep pool of water associated with St. Patrick. Close to the Pound Bridge leading to the Abbey is Toberpatrick, a well bearing the saint's name, further evidence of Patrick's presence in the area.

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    bear the name of Domknach-or in the anglicised form, Donaeh or Doney-were originally founded by St. Patrick, and were so called because he marked out their foundations on Sunday (Dominica, the Lord's day). Nothing now remains to mark the site of this early foundation, but this is not to be wondered at when we remember the many centuries which have elapsed since "if time of St. Patrick, and the primitive and not always substantial character of the structures erected in the early years of Christianity in Ireland. The existence of a hmal around in Kildoney, is however, interesting, as it is a satisfactory prW of fl < hnstain Church having been at some time standing there ^ Wherever old burial grounds are situated, it may be assumed with almost absolute certainty, that churches were originally attached to them, though no ruined walls appear, and though their rery name is lost. The graveyard of which we are speaking is in the towniand of Kildoney, upon the summit of a hill about midway between the Glebe-house and the Castle of Kilbarron It is not now used for interments, but has about it evidence of great antiquity. Near the Blackrock, at the Bar, is Pollpatrick (1 atnck's hole) a deep pool of water; and close to the "Pound Bridge, leading to the Abbey, is Toberpatrick, a well bearing the saint's name.

    In due time St. Gokmti Cilk ft ho dove of the churches), was raised up to spread the blessings of Christianity throughout the land. The ancient church of Kilbarron, which gave its name to our parish, was, according to the oldest records, founded hy

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 7

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here are two places that carry the name of St. Patrick. The first is Pollpatrick, Patrick's hole, a deep pool of water near the Blackrock at the Bar. The second is Toberpatrick, a well bearing the saint's name, close to the Pound Bridge that leads to the Abbey. Places bearing the name Domknach, in anglicised form Doney, were originally founded by St. Patrick, and were so called because he marked out their foundations on Sunday, the Lord's day. Nothing now remains to mark the site of this early foundation, but this is not to be wondered at when we remember the many centuries which have elapsed since the time of St. Patrick, and the primitive and not always substantial character of the structures erected in the early years of Christianity in Ireland. A burial ground in Kildoney is interesting as proof of a Christian church having been at some time standing there. Wherever old burial grounds are situated, it may be assumed with almost absolute certainty that churches were originally attached to them, though no ruined walls appear, and though their very name is lost. The graveyard is upon the summit of a hill, about midway between the Glebe-house and the Castle of Kilbarron. It is not now used for interments, but has about it evidence of great antiquity. These places, the pool and the well, stand as further evidence of Patrick's presence in the area. In due time St. Colmcille, the dove of the churches, was raised up to spread the blessings of Christianity throughout the land.

18. Population decline in Ballyshannon, 1831–1871

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1831–1871

    Ballyshannon's population peaked at 4,307 in 1841 with only 409 houses, down from 597 houses in 1831 when the population was near 4,000. After 1841 the population steadily decreased, falling to 2,969 by 1871, driven largely by emigration of able artisans and labourers.

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    The tide of emigration swept from our midst many of our ablest artisans and labourers, and made a serious reduction in the population. In 1831, the census of the town was close on 4,000. In 1841, 4,307. In 1831, the population of the Kilbarron section was 2,385, and in 1841, the same portion contained, 2,423. It is a carious fact that though the figures are larger iti 1841 than in 1831, the town contained fewer houses, when the number of inhabitants was at its highest point. In 1831, there were 597 houses; in 1841, 409 houses.* Since 1841, the population steadily decreased. In 18Gl,it was 3,197; while in 1871, the date of the I , it had fallen to 2,969.

    The merchants and those interested in the progress of the town had long felt the want of banking facilities and Hie difficulty of transacting business without such an establishment; and in 1834, a numerous and influential meeting was held "for the purpose of adopting such as might appear essential for the for-

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon, in Donegal, tells a story of rise and steep fall. In 1831 the census of the town was close on 4,000, and there were 597 houses. By 1841 the population had risen to 4,307, its highest point, yet the number of houses had fallen to 409. It is a curious fact that fewer houses held more people. The Kilbarron section alone had 2,385 people in 1831 and 2,423 in 1841. After 1841 the population steadily decreased. It stood at 3,197 at an intermediate census, and by 1871 it had fallen to 2,969. The cause was emigration. "The tide of emigration swept from our midst many of our ablest artisans and labourers, and made a serious reduction in the population." Able workers left, and the town grew smaller.

19. School house built by Archdeacon Hewetson, 1718

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1718–1735

    In 1718, Archdeacon Michael Hewetson built a school house for the instruction of poor children on the site of the present sexton's house. The primitive structure was roofed with shingles like the church, and later served as a temporary place of worship during construction of the new church.

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    In the year 1700, the sum of one pound fifteen shillings, was paid for a baptismal font of "beweu stone" which was set in the west end of the first church. It now lies in the church porch, having been rescued by the present incumbent from a yard in the town, where the top portion was used a sa trough for feeding ducks! In 1718, a school house "for the instruction of poor children" was built by Archdeacon Michael Hewetson. This primitive structure stood upon the site of the present sexton's house, and was liko the church, roofed with shingles. In 1735, the church had fallen into such a rubious condition that it was deemed unsafe to use it any longer for public worship, and it was resolved by the parishioners that a new church should be built "with all convenient speed" on the lerd ground lying between the west wall of the church and the so<lfort,\ The new church which was crnciform, was of the foltowing dimensions — length of nave and choir, 85 feet, width 28 feet — length of transept, 58 feet, width, 23 feet. During the erection of this church, public worship was conducted in the old school house.

    Kanjr words were at this time spelt w pronounced: the word f.uMjrisstill commonly ■ -1 > r . iittti-r. Many m. r> ■ dimples could be given of this phonetic, method of spelling words iu old MSS. and of theil survival in local pronunciation t .An old term Tor Cliititcel, from the suite root, cuaeelli, rail J Ihij «u the Sttt Audha ttuttidh, thores&l mound having been then in ciWcuce.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, there is a school house that Archdeacon Michael Hewetson built in 1718, for the instruction of poor children. It was a primitive structure, standing on the site of the present sexton's house, and like the church itself it was roofed with shingles. Before that, in 1700, a baptismal font of beweu stone had been paid for at a cost of 1 pound and 15 shillings and set in the west end of the first church. That font now lies in the church porch. The present incumbent rescued it from a yard in the town, where its top portion was being used as a trough for feeding ducks. By 1735, the old church had fallen into such a ruinous condition that it was deemed unsafe to use any longer for public worship. The parishioners resolved that a new church should be built, with all convenient speed, on the higher ground lying between the west wall of the church and the south fort. The new church was cruciform. The nave and choir measured 85 feet in length and 28 feet in width. The transept was 58 feet long and 23 feet wide. During the erection of this new church, public worship was conducted in the old school house that Hewetson had built.

20. St. Ann's Church tower on Mullaghnashee

    Mullaghnashee · townland · Roscommon · 1735–1841

    The tower standing on Mullaghnashee belongs to the second church, which was dedicated to St. Ann. The present church was built by the ecclesiastical commissioners in 1841 on the same site, replacing earlier structures.

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    The tower now standing on Mullaglinashee, belongs to the second church which was dedicated to St. Ann, and is so styled in the vestry minutes of that period. The present church, which is considerably larger than either of the earlier ones, was built by the ecclesiastical commissioners in 1841. It is solid and roomy, hut devoid of architectural beauty. The sum expended on its erection would have been more than sufficient to have added a picturesque feature to the general appearance of tl

    At the beginning of the present century, the old church bell which was put up in 1098, was stolen from the belfry by some young men and thrown into the pool, out of which it was subsequently fished up, and was, after the purchase of the new bell, put up in the school house, where it remained for many years and was used to summon the reluctant scholars to their task: eventually this ill-fated bell once more disappeared and no trace of its whereabouts has since been found. The present bell was a sweet and sufficiently powerful one till it was broken by a careless ringer.*

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands the tower of St. Ann's Church on Mullaghnashee. The tower belongs to the second church, which was dedicated to St. Ann, and is so styled in the vestry minutes of that period. The present church, considerably larger than either of the earlier ones, was built by the ecclesiastical commissioners in 1841. It is solid and roomy, but devoid of architectural beauty. The sum spent on its erection would have been more than enough to have added a picturesque feature to its general appearance. At the beginning of the present century, the old church bell, which was put up in 1098, was stolen from the belfry by some young men and thrown into a pool. It was subsequently fished up, and after the purchase of a new bell, was put up in the school house, where it remained for many years and was used to summon the reluctant scholars to their task. Eventually this ill-fated bell once more disappeared, and no trace of its whereabouts has since been found. The present bell was sweet and sufficiently powerful until it was broken by a careless ringer.

21. Intramural interments and burial fees, 1698

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1698

    In 1698, intramural interments within the church were customary. The vestry ordered that persons buried below the pulpit pay ten shillings for the poor or church repair, while those buried above the pulpit in the chancel paid at their friends' discretion according to their quality.

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    the visitation of Derry. Hotel expenses must have been very moderate in those days, as the charge for the parochial deputation for board and lodging, was only su and eitjhtpence\ Besides the extracts already given, the early vestry books contain many morsels of antiquarian and historical interest, a few of which may here be noted:— In the latter part of the 17tu century a labourer's hire was fveeptnce per day; wine 2 2d, per bottle; a lather* for church use, cost three mdsixpenm. lu 1 698, intramural interments seem to have been usual, " The said vestry have ordered that all persons buried within ye church, below ye pulpit, shall pay ten shillings for ye use of ye poore or repairing of ye church; and all persons buried above ye pulpit in ye chancery, \ it shall be left to ye discretion of their friends to pay according to their quality."

    In the year 1700, the sum of one pound fifteen shillings, was paid for a baptismal font of "beweu stone" which was set in the west end of the first church. It now lies in the church porch, having been rescued by the present incumbent from a yard in the town, where the top portion was used a sa trough for feeding ducks! In 1718, a school house "for the instruction of poor children" was built by Archdeacon Michael Hewetson. This primitive structure stood upon the site of the present sexton's house, and was liko the church, roofed with shingles. In 1735, the church had fallen into such a rubious condition that it was deemed unsafe to use it any longer for public worship, and it was resolved by the parishioners that a new church should be built "with all convenient speed" on the lerd ground lying between the west wall of the church and the so<lfort,\ The new church which was crnciform, was of the foltowing dimensions — length of nave and choir, 85 feet, width 28 feet — length of transept, 58 feet, width, 23 feet. During the erection of this church, public worship was conducted in the old school house.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Ballyshannon now. In 1698, people were still buried inside the church here, and the vestry set out what that cost. Anyone buried below the pulpit paid ten shillings, and that money went to the poor or to repairing the church. Anyone buried above the pulpit, in the chancel, paid whatever their friends saw fit, according to their quality. So the better your standing, the more was expected of those who buried you, and they decided the sum themselves. The early vestry books around this time hold other small details of life. A labourer's hire was fivepence a day. Wine was two shillings and twopence a bottle. A ladder bought for church use cost three shillings and sixpence. When a parochial deputation went to the visitation of Derry, their board and lodging came to only a few shillings and eightpence. A few years later, in 1700, one pound fifteen shillings was paid for a baptismal font of hewn stone, set in the west end of the first church. That font now lies in the church porch. The incumbent rescued it from a yard in the town, where the top portion had been used as a trough for feeding ducks. In 1718, Archdeacon Michael Hewetson built a school house for the instruction of poor children, on the site of the present sexton's house. Like the church, it was roofed with shingles.

22. Mineral trials at the Abbey, Ballyshannon and Belleek

    near Belleek · parish · Fermanagh

    Traces of lead, copper, and barytes have been found around Ballyshannon, with mining trials conducted at the Abbey, Ballyshannon, and Belleek. None of these mines remain in operation, though Belleek shows numerous traces of iron, and red hematite and iron pyrites are found at Castlecaldwell.

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    In Ballyshaunon traces of minerals are frequent, but like many other parts of Ireland the mineral deposits arc but superficial, ami in our immediate neighbourhood we have had many proofs of the necessity which exists for thorough scientific knowledge In embarking in projects which only end in disappointment and pecuniary loss. Traces of lead, copper, and barytes, have been found at Ballystiannnn. and trials have been made at the Abbey, inner, and at Belleek, but none of these mines arc now in "juration. At Belleek, however, then; are numerous traces oS iron, and quantities of red hematite, and iron pyrites are to be found at Castlecaldwell. In Boate's "Natural History of Ireland," a book written more than 200 years ago. mention is made of extensive iron works having been in operation on the

    PHTSIOAL FRATUBBS \XL> GEOLOGY. |3

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through the parish of Belleek, you are passing ground that drew miners once, though none stayed. Traces of lead, copper, and barytes were found around Ballyshannon, and trials were made at the Abbey, at Ballyshannon, and at Belleek itself. None of these mines remain in operation. The mineral deposits here, like much of Ireland, proved superficial, and the ventures ended in disappointment and loss. At Belleek, though, traces of iron are numerous, and at Castlecaldwell you can find red hematite and iron pyrites. Boate, in his Natural History of Ireland, written over 200 years ago, spoke of extensive iron works once in operation here. Whatever those works were, they are long gone.

23. Old distillery ruins at Kiln Well lane, Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    A distillery formerly stood at the head of Ballyshannon at the foot of the Kiln Well lane. Owing to its distance from water it was ill-adapted and fell into disuse, but some ruins still remain.

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    In the last century there was a distillery at the head of the town (at the foot of the "Kiln Well" lane), some of the ruins still remain. Owing to its distance from the water it was ill adapted for its purpose, and fell into disuse.

    The Old Manor Mill stood on the south side of the fall, and it was here that tenants were obliged by their leases, according to ancient usage, to bring their corn to be ground. Upon the site of this mill, was erected by the "Baliyshannon Distillery Company " a large bnihliug, now a rootless ruin, and in it was carried on an extensive trade. The distillery began to work in 1827, and ceased in 1852. While in full operation, upwards of 100,000 gallon* of whiskey were manufactured annually.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon had distillery ruins you might still see. A distillery once stood at the head of the town, at the foot of Kiln Well lane. Being far from the water, it was ill-adapted for its purpose and fell into disuse; some ruins remain. The Old Manor Mill stood on the south side of the fall, where tenants were obliged by their leases to bring their corn for grinding, according to ancient usage. On the site of that mill, the Ballyshannon Distillery Company erected a large building, now a rootless ruin, and carried on an extensive trade there. That distillery began to work in 1827 and ceased in 1852. While in full operation, upwards of 100,000 gallons of whiskey were manufactured annually.

24. Provincial Bank branch established in Ballyshannon, 1835

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1834–1835

    A public meeting in 1834 resolved that the lack of banking facilities injured Ballyshannon's trade, citing its Custom House, Excise Office, distillery, and military station as advantages. The Provincial Bank of Ireland opened a branch the following year, initially on the Mall before moving to more central premises.

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    The result of this meeting was that the Directors of the Provincial Bank of Ireland established a branch in the following year, which has since that time contributed ranch to the prosperity and well-being of the town and surrounding district. The bank commenced its operations on the Mall, but soon removed to the more centra] and commodious premises which it still occupies. In 1809, a branch of the Belfast Bank was also opened in Ballyshannon, and its business is now conducted in the handsome structure which that company has recently er ■■■ The clock-tower, facing north and south, i* a conspicuous object, and the bell on which the hoars are struck, can bu heard at a considerable distance outside the town.

    The prices obtained for market produce in Ballyshannon forty years ago, offer a great contrast to present rates.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon had no bank until a public meeting in 1834 declared that the lack of banking facilities was injuring the town's trade. The meeting pointed to the Custom House, the Excise Office, the distillery, and the military station as advantages the town possessed. The Directors of the Provincial Bank of Ireland responded the following year, 1835, and established a branch. It began operations on the Mall, but soon moved to more central and commodious premises. The bank contributed to the prosperity and well-being of the town and surrounding district. A branch of the Belfast Bank was also opened in the town, in 1809. Its clock tower, facing north and south, was a conspicuous object, and the bell on which the hours were struck could be heard at a considerable distance outside the town.

25. Catsby cave with bullan near Assaroe

    Assaroe · waterfall · Donegal

    Catsby, meaning cat's dwelling, is a cave near the abbey of Assaroe likely identified with the hermitage called the Disert. A circular hole or bullan cut in the rock at the place is evidence of very early ecclesiastical use.

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    liave now disappeared. For example, Ballymmamafh, i.e., the town of the monks, a district comprising several towtilands on the south bank of the Erne, was so known here in the 17th and 18th centuries, as it is frequently referred to in the ehnrch books of that period. Another name now lost is Donnogkmore; this "quarter of land" is mentioned in an inquisition taken in the year 1621. In this townland, which probably lay somewhere between Enllymunterhiggen and Draraachrin, was the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor.* In the neighbourhood of the abbey of Assaroe, was a place called the Desert or Disert, a name now unknown there ; the- word is from the latin desertum, and means a sequestered place. In the Irish MSS. it is generally used in an ecclesiastical sense to denote a hermitage, or place of retirement, such as the early Irish saints nsed as dwellings.! The only plaeo at the abbey which from its situation seems likely to have been selected for such a purpose is Catsby. The name catsby means catfs dwclting which may be a translation of tiie Irish name of tlie cave, such as Bonnagat, Coosnagat, Daren or Pollnagat, all of which would moan cat's cavc^ or Catsby. The name is at all ovonts comparatively modern, and the existence of a circular hole or bnllan cut in the rock, is evidence that the place was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period. There are many other local names occurring in our district whose origin is botli curious and interesting, but of these we must not now speak. We cannot, however, bring these pages to a close without expressing the hope that Ballyshannon of the present, as well as future generations, may strive to imitate tiio good example set them by the old inhabitants, of industry, enterprise (notwithstanding many obstacles), and un% of effort in promoting the welfare of the town; that sotting aside sectarian and political differences, all may be ready to work together for the common good, remembering that " unity is strength," and that in helping on any well-devised scheme for the prosperity of the community, each individual member will reap advantage.

    • Seo Clwp Xlv. f Jujw's Irish Names ol Plates, lit aeries, page SS3.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    A cave called Catsby sits near the abbey of Assaroe. Near the abbey was also a place called the Disert, a name now unknown there. The word comes from the Latin desertum and means a sequestered place. In Irish manuscripts it generally carries an ecclesiastical sense, denoting a hermitage or place of retirement, the kind of dwelling early Irish saints used. The only place at the abbey that by its situation seems likely to have been chosen for such a purpose is this cave, Catsby. The name means cat's dwelling, which may be a translation of the Irish name of the cave, such as Pollnagat, Coosnagat, or Daren, all of which would mean cat's cave. The name is comparatively modern. But cut into the rock at the place is a circular hole or bullan, and that is evidence the site was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period. Other names have disappeared from the district too. Ballymnamagh, the town of the monks, a district comprising several townlands on the south bank of the Erne, was known in the 17th and 18th centuries and appears in the church books of that period. Donnoghmore, a quarter of land mentioned in an inquisition taken in 1621, probably lay between Ballymunterhiggin and Drumararkin. In that townland was the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor.

26. Assaroe Abbey's church with a steeple

    Assaroe · waterfall · Donegal

    Before the Plantation era, there was no ecclesiastical edifice in Ballyshannon itself. The church most generally resorted to by inhabitants was a 'church with a steeple' adjoining the abbey of Assaroe.

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    Before the era of the "plantation," there seems to have been no ecclesiastical edifice in the town, though there were both churches and "chappies of ease" inthesurroundingneighbourhood. The one most generally resorted to by the inhabitants was doubtless the "church with a steeple" which adjoined the abbey of Assaroe, The old church of Kilbarron, though also attached tothe abbey, was, owing to its isolated position, probably allowed to fall into disuse and decay, long before the English settlement was effected. The Donegal portion of the parish of Inismacsaiut was provided with two chapels of ease, as the following extract from an inquisition taken at EnniskUlen, 18th September, 1001), Bhows:— "they alsoe sale thatin the said parish (of Enishmissauib) is a chappie of ease, called Fjmnoare in Maeginey, unto which said chappie the viecar of the said parish is to send a curate to sjie divine service; and that in the said parish also is another chappie called Ballihanny." The first of these is Firmer church,* one mile distant from Bundorun, the other is probably identical with the ruined church at Sminver, near to the railway station at Ballysbannon. Though Sminver is not in the townland of Bullylianna, it is contiguous to it, and some confusion in the boundary lines may have been made whon the inquisition was taken. There was also in former times, a chapel in the town lam I of Rathmore, not far distant from Ballysbannon. The Roman C ntholic Church, n o w standing i n a part of the old p ark o f O'Donnell's-

    * Since the above was written, the diMrkt has been ejcamined by Dean Reeves, who is of opinion that the "Chappie ot etes," caUod Fftnivoart, it not identical wit: mined church at Finncr, which tu U ;:■■■■ at lo bo of comparatively modem dale, isd that the CfcflpeUjf the inquisition, stood in ih> Turi-M'nuriiig townland of Caidrafftt (n

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    Assaroe Abbey's church with a steeple stood adjoining the abbey of Assaroe, near the waterfall. Before the Plantation era, there was no ecclesiastical edifice in the town of Ballyshannon itself, though there were churches and chapels of ease in the surrounding neighbourhood. The one most generally resorted to by the inhabitants was, in the words of the source, the church with a steeple which adjoined the abbey of Assaroe. The old church of Kilbarron, though also attached to the abbey, was probably allowed to fall into disuse and decay long before the English settlement was effected, owing to its isolated position. The Donegal portion of the parish of Inismacsaint was provided with two chapels of ease. An inquisition taken at Enniskillen found that in the parish was a chapel of ease called Finnmore in Maghery, unto which the vicar of the parish was to send a curate to say divine service, and that there was also another chapel called Ballihanna. The first of these is Firmer church, one mile distant from Bundoran. The other is probably identical with the ruined church at Sminver, near the railway station at Ballyshannon. Though Sminver is not in the townland of Ballyhanna, it is contiguous to it, and some confusion in the boundary lines may have been made when the inquisition was taken. There was also in former times a chapel in the townland of Rathmore, not far distant from Ballyshannon.

27. Ballyshannon Market House built on present site, 1760

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1760

    The market house in Ballyshannon, which stood on the site of the present one, was not built until 1760. The building where the Corporation first met for public business before that date is unknown.

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    In what building the Corporation of Ballyshannon first met for the transaction of public business, we cannot now tell, as it appears from an old minute book that the market house, which stood on the site of the present one, was not built till the year 17G0. Iu an entry bearing date 5th November, 1700, it. was said: "The Porlrieve Burgesses and Commonalty of said Eoronprh have resolved, that as the Market JTomsb erecting within said Borough, is now so far finished as to be capable for the ■ Hon of the Corporation, that the court be held in the of the said market house, on Wednesday next, for the tryal of pleas, pursuant to Charter."' The Parliamentary privileges contested on Ballyshannon, appear to have possessed but little real value for the inhabitants in general, who had no voice in the members to represent them in the Irish parliament. li was what was termed a close borough, and the provost and burgesses (with whom the nomination of the members v

    ■ r their patrons direct'- d flu A parliamentary

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon in Donegal is a town with a market house that stood on the site of the present one. It was not built until 1760. Where the Corporation of Ballyshannon first met for the transaction of public business before that date, nobody can now tell. An old minute book holds an entry dated 5 November 1700, in which the Portrieve Burgesses and Commonalty of the borough resolved that, as the market house erecting within the borough was now so far finished as to be capable for the reception of the Corporation, the court should be held, in the words of the source, "in the body of the said market house, on Wednesday next, for the tryal of pleas, pursuant to Charter." The parliamentary privileges contested on Ballyshannon possessed little real value for the inhabitants in general, who had no voice in the members chosen to represent them in the Irish parliament. It was what was termed a close borough, and the provost and burgesses nominated the members, directed by their patrons.

28. Blood cranesbill on Carrickboy limestone rocks

    Carrickboy · townland · Donegal

    The Blood geranium or cranesbill grows in profusion on the limestone rocks at Carrickboy, demonstrating the connection between geological strata and plant habitats. The same plant never occurs on the metamorphic rocks on the north side of the river.

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    Botany. — The flora of our district is extensive and interesting-. To Hie botanist, the extensive coast line, as well as the country inland, offers a wide field for investigation; while the diversified geological features of the neighbourhood (limestone and metamorphic), possess plants characteristic of each. The relation between geological strata and the plants growing upon their superincumbent soils, has long been recognized in tho scientific world. For instance, the Blood geranium or crauesbill (jr. mnguiueum\ is a plant almost peculiar to limestone and magnesian soils, where ifc is sometimes observed growing in great luxuriance. Upon the limestone rocks in Carrickboy, this beautiful plant grows in profusion, while on the metamoij>kw rocks on the north side of the river, it never occurs. This is not a solitary instance of the connection which exists between the vegetable and mineral kingdoms, for hundreds of familiar plants might be pointed out with similar peculiarities of habitat.

    The Dartry Mountains, extending from Rossinver to Ben- Bulben, may be regarded as the extreme southern limit of our district. Upon these mountains, at various altitudes, are foand plants of great rarity, while in the woods and lowlands, flourish flowering plants, ferns and mosses of sufficient diversity to rejoice the heart of the collector, or lover of nature.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 49

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, on the limestone rocks of Carrickboy, the Blood geranium or cranesbill grows in profusion. It is a beautiful plant, almost peculiar to limestone and magnesian soils, where it is sometimes seen growing in great luxuriance. But on the metamorphic rocks on the north side of the river, it never occurs. The connection between geological strata and the plants growing upon their soils has long been recognized in the scientific world. The neighbourhood has diversified geological features, limestone and metamorphic, and each possesses plants characteristic of it. This is not a solitary instance of the connection between the vegetable and mineral kingdoms. Hundreds of familiar plants might be pointed out with similar peculiarities of habitat. The Dartry Mountains, extending from Rossinver to Ben-Bulben, may be regarded as the extreme southern limit of the district. Upon these mountains, at various altitudes, are found plants of great rarity. In the woods and lowlands, flowering plants, ferns and mosses flourish in sufficient diversity to rejoice the heart of a collector, or lover of nature.

29. Castle Street named from O'Donnell's castle

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Castle Street in Ballyshannon derives its name from O'Donnell's castle, which once stood there. This links the street directly to the powerful O'Donnell dynasty and their former stronghold in the town.

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    place of the ramparts ; the name seems to be derived from some artifici al earth-work defence which has no w disappeared. Ota bog (cjiiTu ig Ijuidho). The yellow rock : this name may be dori red from the proximity of the ford and waterfall, the term "yellow' being often applied to fords, etc. Cattle Street, from O'Donnell's castle. College Law,, from a Roman Catholic seminary which formerly existed there. Glochan, the ford of the stepping stones, which led across the little stream which flows there. Can the roek of the vat or caldron, reforring to the deep "pool " in its proximity. Bulhjbaimi (buaile ban), whitish booly, an enclosed

    beautiful ton growa in profusion rilon? the rocka iu tho estuary.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Castle Street in Ballyshannon takes its name from O'Donnell's castle, which once stood there. The O'Donnells were a powerful dynasty in this region, and their stronghold gave the street its identity. The record in Ballyshannon Its History and Antiquities states the connection plainly: Castle Street, from O'Donnell's castle. No date, no dimensions, no account of the castle's end survives in the passage. The castle is gone. The street keeps the name.

30. Choughs nest at Kilbarron cliffs and Fairy Bridge

    Kilbarron · townland · Donegal

    The chough or sea crow is occasionally observed at the cliffs of Kilbarron and the Fairy Bridge, building nests in the most inaccessible parts of the cliffs. The species represents the area's notable cliff-dwelling bird life.

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    Amongst the in sessores (percfeng birds), are the chough or sen crow (Jregihis graeuluB)-, this graceful bird is occasionally observed at the cliffs of Kilbarron, and the Fairy bridge. The nests are built in the most inaccessible parts of the cliffs. The hooded crow (corona comix) is common; it is this species that frequent our shores, from a single pair to five or six, in search of food loft by the receding tide. The rooks ( ( v) are seen

    all over the country hi large hocks. In the evening may be seen ''the blackening trains of crows to their repose" hastening to the shelter of their rookeries in the neighbourhood. The jackdaw and magpie are too well known to require any note; and the h'nij- Jbker {aicedo i&pida), the most beautiful of oar native birds, is often seen on the hanks of the river, and occasionally at the estuary. The brown hawk or marsh harrier (eirau osrugm peregrine falcon (Jhlco / ) occur, and the golden eagle

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kilbarron, the cliffs and the Fairy Bridge are home to the chough, or sea crow. This graceful bird is occasionally observed here, building its nests in the most inaccessible parts of the cliffs. The hooded crow is common along these shores, searching for food left by the receding tide, from a single pair to five or six together. Rooks are seen all over the country in large flocks. In the evening may be seen, in the words of the source, "the blackening trains of crows to their repose," hastening to the shelter of their rookeries in the neighbourhood. The jackdaw and magpie are too well known to require any note. The kingfisher, the most beautiful of native birds, is often seen on the banks of the river and occasionally at the estuary. The brown hawk, or marsh harrier, the peregrine falcon, and the golden eagle also occur in this country.

31. First Presbyterian Church in College Lane

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    The first Presbyterian Church in Ballyshannon stood in College Lane, built in the eighteenth century. It remained in use until 1832 when it fell into such ruinous condition that a replacement was needed.

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    The first Presbyterian Church was in College Lane, ft was built in the last century, and remained in use till 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. This was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878-1).

    Of the two Methodist chapels, that in the Main Street is much the oldest, having been, according to the tablet inserted in the wall, built in 1701. The Rer. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, visited Ballyshannon on more than one occasion; and in 1771 preached hero. At that time, he seemed to have but few supporters in the town, as the following entry in his journal shows:— "I rode to Ballyshannon, and preached, in the Assemblyroom. I was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town; but they were ashamed to own me. Only some of them sent their compliments to me, properly so called." In subsequent years, the cause of Methodism grew and flourished in Hal ly shannon, and at one time there was a large number of members, which *

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, the first Presbyterian Church stood in College Lane. It was built in the eighteenth century and remained in use until 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. The replacement was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878. Of the two Methodist chapels in the town, the one in the Main Street is much the oldest, having been built in 1701 according to a tablet inserted in the wall. The Reverend John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, visited Ballyshannon on more than one occasion, and in 1771 preached there. At that time he seemed to have but few supporters in the town, as an entry in his journal shows. He wrote that he rode to Ballyshannon and preached in the Assembly-room. He was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town, but they were ashamed to own him. Only some of them sent their compliments to him. In subsequent years, the cause of Methodism grew and flourished in Ballyshannon, and at one time there was a large number of members.

32. Methodist chapel in Main Street built 1701

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1701

    The Methodist chapel in Ballyshannon's Main Street is the oldest of the town's two Methodist chapels. According to a tablet inserted in the wall, it was built in 1701.

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    Of the two Methodist chapels, that in the Main Street is much the oldest, having been, according to the tablet inserted in the wall, built in 1701. The Rer. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, visited Ballyshannon on more than one occasion; and in 1771 preached hero. At that time, he seemed to have but few supporters in the town, as the following entry in his journal shows:— "I rode to Ballyshannon, and preached, in the Assemblyroom. I was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town; but they were ashamed to own me. Only some of them sent their compliments to me, properly so called." In subsequent years, the cause of Methodism grew and flourished in Hal ly shannon, and at one time there was a large number of members, which *

    however, have dwindled away with the decreased population. The Methodist Chapel on the Mall is a more modern structure, and being roomy and commodiously situated, will soon supersede the Main Street Chapel.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Ballyshannon, there is a Methodist chapel on Main Street that carries a tablet in its wall dated 1701. It is the older of the town's two Methodist chapels. The founder of Methodism, the Reverend John Wesley, visited this town on more than one occasion, and in 1771 he preached here. At that time he seemed to have but few supporters. His journal records: "I rode to Ballyshannon, and preached, in the Assembly-room. I was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town; but they were ashamed to own me. Only some of them sent their compliments to me, properly so called." In the years that followed, the cause of Methodism grew and flourished here, and at one time there was a large number of members. That number has since dwindled with the decreased population. The other chapel, on the Mall, is a more modern building, roomy and commodiously situated, and will soon supersede the old Main Street chapel.

33. Pollan freshwater herring in Lough Melvin

    near Lough Melvin · lake or lakes · Fermanagh

    The pollan or freshwater herring (coregonus pollan) has greatly increased in numbers in Lough Melvin, measuring 9 to 13 inches and most abundant in November and December. The fish belong to the genus salmo.

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    The pollan or fresh Wtttar-herrfng (coregoraa poUtoty, has been taken in the estuary, where they have doubtless come from Lough Erne. The number of these fish in Lough Melvin has, Bj greatly increased of late. Their size is from 9 to 13 inches long, and they are most abundant in the months of November and December; these fish belong to the genus salnw, by far the most interesting and important fieh in our waters, and the name of our town has always been associated far and near with salmon. As a paradise for anglers of

    •Tbese fob though not staini^r in uur waters any great aLzu, ipootauma Inive bum

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 47

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Melvin is a lake the road passes near, and its waters hold the pollan, or freshwater herring. These fish have also been taken in the estuary, where they have doubtless come from Lough Erne. Their numbers in Lough Melvin have greatly increased of late. They measure from 9 to 13 inches long and are most abundant in the months of November and December. The pollan belong to the genus salmo, by far the most interesting and important fish in these waters.

34. Red deer antlers discovered at sand-hills

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    A perfect antler and portion of another, together with bones of the red deer, were recently discovered at the sand-hills near Ballyshannon. The red deer, once plentiful in the area, has long since disappeared.

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    Extinct Species. — The red deer (cervus dopfcws), though onee plentiful in this part of Ireland, has long since disappeared. A perfect antler and a portion of another, together with some bones of this noble species, have recently been discovered at the sandhills. In the sixteenth century the red deer was so plentiful in the north of Ireland that they could be bought for lialf-a-crown eaibh* la prehistoric times, the great Irish elk, or " big horn " ). moved his stately form through the dense Is and thickets that clothed the river's sides. In 1601 a pair of these gigantic antlers was discovered hy Major Folliott at Wardtown. They were buried at a depth of ten feet from the surface of the ground.j The wild boar (m ncrafa) once roamed through the woods of Magh Ohio. The remembrance of these formidable animals is preserved in our district by the name of Derryhirk, i.e. the oak wood of the boar.

    Aves.—TUc binls (especially those of the sea) ocenpy a conspicuous place iu the natural history of our district. Owing to the comparative absence of trees, many birds, generally distributed, are but seldom noticed near the town.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt

    As the companion tells it

    Near Ballyshannon, in the sand-hills, a perfect antler and a portion of another were recently discovered, along with bones of the red deer. The red deer was once plentiful in this part of Ireland, but it has long since disappeared. In the sixteenth century, the red deer was so plentiful in the north of Ireland that they could be bought for half-a-crown each. In prehistoric times, the great Irish elk, or "big horn," moved his stately form through the dense woods and thickets that clothed the river's sides. In 1601 a pair of these gigantic antlers was discovered by Major Folliott at Wardtown, buried at a depth of 10 feet from the surface of the ground. The wild boar once roamed through the woods of Magh. The remembrance of these formidable animals is preserved in this district by the name of Derryhirk, the oak wood of the boar.

35. Villanueva's poem inspired by Sheegus Hill and Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1820–1833

    Dr. D. Joaquin Lorenzo Villanueva, a Spanish chaplain who fled political troubles, visited Ballyshannon during his residence in Ireland. The view from the summit of Sheegus Hill, overlooking the town and the river-tide, inspired his poem 'The Shepherd's Farewell,' praising Ballyshannon as a 'flowery village.'

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    During his residence in Ireland, he must have visited Ballyshannon, and the view from the summit of Sheegus Hill, its sides shining wiih gi.l.lr the town, and "the river-tide,"

    separating tins "mountainous slope" from the great Darby range beyond, seems to have suggested

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    A Spanish chaplain, Dr. D. Joaquin Lorenzo Villanueva, fled political troubles and took residence in Ireland. He visited the town of Ballyshannon, and from the summit of Sheegus Hill he looked over the town and "the river-tide," separating this "mountainous slope" from the great Darby range beyond. That view inspired his poem "The Shepherd's Farewell," praising Ballyshannon as a "flowery village."

36. Artificial cave outside Kilbarron old church

    Kilbarron · townland · Donegal

    A small artificial cave or souterrain stands outside Kilbarron old church, constructed of small stones built in wall form with a flagged roof. Though the church itself is of great antiquity, this cave likely belongs to an even more remote period and appears unconnected with the church.

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    than h mil.' from Ballvsbannon. Here in n seriee of earthen eJrcnmvaSations, in the centre of which is a chamber formed in the manner already described. Outside Kilbarron old church is another of these artificial oaves. If is of small dimensions, and

    utram-e is bow stopped up. The sides am constructed of small stones lmili in (lie form of ft wall, the roof is covered in the usual manner with Hags. It does not appear to have been in any way o aneoted with the church, and although that uti iiiitniili is of great antiquity, this eeva probably belongs to a still more remote period.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, outside Kilbarron old church, there is a small artificial cave. Its entrance is now stopped up. The sides are built of small stones laid in the form of a wall, and the roof is covered with flags. It does not appear to have been connected with the church in any way. The church itself is of great antiquity, but this cave probably belongs to a still more remote period.

37. Small Mills at the Abbey, Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Several small mills located at the abbey in Ballyshannon were kept busily in operation, supplementing the town's industrial activity alongside the larger Neely's mill.

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    grinding, flax scutching, brick making, limo burning, &c, &c. The only mill ; >t BaUyshflOlMH] which is worked by the vast water power of the Brae, is that of Mr. Neely, who supplies the town and surrsBndrag Bsighbonrhood with flour and meal, and has ■bo, on the same premises, improved machinery for sawing all kinds of timber. There are also some small mills at the abbey which are kept busily going; and though not belonging to the town, the porcelain works of Messrs. D, McBirney and Co. of Be I leek, deserve special mention, as the first and only establishment of the, kind in Ireland.

    works have been erected at an ennrmous outlay, and have turned out work second to none in the kingdom. The-

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon had its industry. The only mill in the town worked by the vast water power of the Erne was Mr. Neely's, which supplied the town and surrounding neighbourhood with flour and meal, and had improved machinery on the same premises for sawing all kinds of timber. There were also some small mills at the abbey, kept busily going. Nearby, the porcelain works of Messrs. D. McBirney and Co. of Belleek deserve mention as the first and only establishment of their kind in Ireland. Those works were erected at an enormous outlay and turned out work second to none in the kingdom.

38. Ballymunnanagh, town of the monks on the Erne

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1600–1799

    Ballymunnanagh, meaning the town of the monks, was a district comprising several townlands on the south bank of the Erne, frequently referred to in 17th and 18th century church books. The name has now disappeared from common use.

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    liave now disappeared. For example, Ballymmamafh, i.e., the town of the monks, a district comprising several towtilands on the south bank of the Erne, was so known here in the 17th and 18th centuries, as it is frequently referred to in the ehnrch books of that period. Another name now lost is Donnogkmore; this "quarter of land" is mentioned in an inquisition taken in the year 1621. In this townland, which probably lay somewhere between Enllymunterhiggen and Draraachrin, was the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor.* In the neighbourhood of the abbey of Assaroe, was a place called the Desert or Disert, a name now unknown there ; the- word is from the latin desertum, and means a sequestered place. In the Irish MSS. it is generally used in an ecclesiastical sense to denote a hermitage, or place of retirement, such as the early Irish saints nsed as dwellings.! The only plaeo at the abbey which from its situation seems likely to have been selected for such a purpose is Catsby. The name catsby means catfs dwclting which may be a translation of tiie Irish name of tlie cave, such as Bonnagat, Coosnagat, Daren or Pollnagat, all of which would moan cat's cavc^ or Catsby. The name is at all ovonts comparatively modern, and the existence of a circular hole or bnllan cut in the rock, is evidence that the place was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period. There are many other local names occurring in our district whose origin is botli curious and interesting, but of these we must not now speak. We cannot, however, bring these pages to a close without expressing the hope that Ballyshannon of the present, as well as future generations, may strive to imitate tiio good example set them by the old inhabitants, of industry, enterprise (notwithstanding many obstacles), and un% of effort in promoting the welfare of the town; that sotting aside sectarian and political differences, all may be ready to work together for the common good, remembering that " unity is strength," and that in helping on any well-devised scheme for the prosperity of the community, each individual member will reap advantage.

    • Seo Clwp Xlv. f Jujw's Irish Names ol Plates, lit aeries, page SS3.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, you are passing through names that have disappeared. One was Ballymunnanagh, the town of the monks, a district of several townlands on the south bank of the Erne. Through the 1600s and 1700s it appears frequently in the church books of that period. The name has now gone from common use. Another name lost is Donnoghmore, a quarter of land mentioned in an inquisition taken in 1621. This townland probably lay somewhere between Ballymunterhiggen and Drumachrin, and held the Patrician foundation of Domhnagh-Mor. Near the abbey of Assaroe was a place called the Desert, or Disert, a name now unknown there. The word comes from the Latin desertum, meaning a sequestered place. In the Irish manuscripts it is generally used in an ecclesiastical sense, to denote a hermitage or place of retirement, such as the early Irish saints used as dwellings. The only place at the abbey which from its situation seems likely to have been selected for such a purpose is Catsby. The name Catsby means cat's dwelling, which may be a translation of the Irish name of the cave, such as Bonnagat, Coosnagat, Daren, or Pollnagat, all of which would mean cat's cave. The name is comparatively modern, but the existence of a circular hole or bullan cut in the rock is evidence that the place was used for ecclesiastical purposes at a very early period.

39. Belfast Bank clock-tower in Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1869

    A branch of the Belfast Bank was opened in Ballyshannon in 1869, later housed in a handsome new building with a conspicuous clock-tower facing north and south. The bell striking the hours could be heard at a considerable distance outside the town.

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    The result of this meeting was that the Directors of the Provincial Bank of Ireland established a branch in the following year, which has since that time contributed ranch to the prosperity and well-being of the town and surrounding district. The bank commenced its operations on the Mall, but soon removed to the more centra] and commodious premises which it still occupies. In 1809, a branch of the Belfast Bank was also opened in Ballyshannon, and its business is now conducted in the handsome structure which that company has recently er ■■■ The clock-tower, facing north and south, i* a conspicuous object, and the bell on which the hoars are struck, can bu heard at a considerable distance outside the town.

    The prices obtained for market produce in Ballyshannon forty years ago, offer a great contrast to present rates.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon got a branch of the Belfast Bank in 1809. Its business is now conducted in a handsome structure that the company has recently built. The clock-tower faces north and south and is a conspicuous object in the town. The bell on which the hours are struck can be heard at a considerable distance outside the town.

40. Cashel and giant's grave in Corker

    Corker · townland · Galway

    On the summit of a hill in Corker is a large cashel containing the remains of a chamber. This site is situated close to a local landmark known as the giant's grave.

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    names from the existence of this kiud of fortress to their Is. In Corker, on the summit of a hill close to the "giantfi grave " already mentioned, is another lino cashol of groat circumference ; within it are the remains of a chamber.

    CranaotfU, or lake-dwellings, in Ireland wero used from an early period down to the sixteenth century, and perhaps later. They were nsually rude habitations, tault on artificially constructed islands in deep lakes. During tlio wars with the English, the Irish chiefs often took refuge in thorn. At JJcrnacranno^e^ i.e. the oak wood of I lg8) not f. i: - Ero na \i

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 41

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Corker, on the summit of a hill, there is a fine cashel of great circumference. Within it are the remains of a chamber. The site lies near a local landmark already known in the area as the giant's grave. The cashel is a kind of stone fortress, and its scale suggests it was built to be seen and to endure. What remains now is the ring of wall and the outline of that inner chamber, the rest long since fallen or carried away.

41. Catholic chapel built 1848 on site of 1795 predecessor

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1848

    The present Catholic chapel in Ballyshannon was erected in 1848 on the site of an earlier cruciform chapel built in 1795. The older building was smaller than the present edifice.

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    castle, was erected in 1848. It stands on the site of the old chapel, which was built in the year 1 795. The old building was cruciform, and not of such large proportions as the present edifice. The abbey burial ground which has been used without interruption fur seven centuries, was enlarged by t hi- Most Rev, Dr. MeGettigan, Archbishop of Armagh, daring his residence in Bally-shannon. The Rock chapel, situate in the adjoining parish of Inismacsaint, was, with the burial ground attached, consecrated in September, 1835.

    The first Presbyterian Church was in College Lane, ft was built in the last century, and remained in use till 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. This was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878-1).

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon's Catholic chapel was erected in 1848. It stands on the site of an older chapel built in 1795. That earlier building was cruciform, and not as large as the present edifice. The abbey burial ground has been used without interruption for seven centuries. It was enlarged by the Most Rev. Dr. McGgettigan, Archbishop of Armagh, during his residence in Ballyshannon. In the adjoining parish of Inismacsaint, the Rock chapel and its burial ground were consecrated in September 1835. The first Presbyterian Church in Ballyshannon was in College Lane. It was built in the last century and remained in use till 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. This was erected on the Mall in 1838.

42. Folliott purchases lands at Belleek

    near Belleek · parish · Fermanagh · 1610

    Around 1610, Sir Henry Folliott purchased lands at Belleek from the original patentees, alongside the abbey lands at Assaroe.

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    Ballyshannon was garrisoned by a strong body of English soldiers, under the command of Sift* Henry Fol/iotf, "Captain of foot at Ballishanan," who was destined from, henceforth to occupy a prominent position in this town and neighbourhood, and to become this principal landowner of the district. lie was styled "governor of Baliishanan," and received the order of Knighthood from Robert, earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, on 6th September, 1599; he was subsequently raised to the peerage of Ireland, under the title of Baron FoUiatt of Balliehanan, on --lid January, 1Q19. The first lands which lie seems to have been possessed of, were the abbey lands at Assaroe and lands at Belleek, both of which ho obtained, not by grant from the crown, but by purchase from the original patentees, about tlio year 1G 10.* In this year also an agreement was made between the English government and Sir Henry, that on condition of his keeping the castle of Ballyshannnti and that of Bundrowes in repair, and without charge to the ling; holding them always in a fit and defensible state; if trouble and rebellion should arise, ho should obtain a fee farm grant, as "undertaker" of the lands lying between the tiro castles. In addition to the lands thus acquired, the salmon and eel fisheries fell into his hands.

    The defences of the harbour and Lough Erne were also provided for, and for this purpose a special corps was organized, as the following extract from the calendar of state papers, 1G06-8 shows: — " 1G07, May 15th. The king to Sir Arthur Chichester: Captain William Cole to be continued by patent, in the place he has for many years held, of Captain of the king's long boats and targes at Ballisharmon, and Lovgh Erne, with an allowance of 3s. 4d. for himself by the day, and 8d. a piece for ten men, &c." Ou tho summit of a hill overlooking the Bar, are the remains of a circular fort, evidently intended for the purpose of defending tho entrance to the harbour; this fort probably belongs to the English period, and may have been constructed in the time of James tho First.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Belleek figures in the rise of one English soldier. Around 1610, Sir Henry Folliott purchased lands here from the original patentees. He did not receive them as a grant from the crown. He bought them. At the same time he acquired the abbey lands at Assaroe. Folliott had come to the district as a military man. He commanded a strong body of English soldiers at Ballyshannon, and held the title "Captain of foot at Ballishanan." He was styled "governor of Ballishanan," and received the order of knighthood from Robert, earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, on the 6th of September 1599. He was later raised to the peerage of Ireland, under the title of Baron Folliott of Ballyshannon. In that same year, 1610, an agreement was made between the English government and Sir Henry. He would keep the castle of Ballyshannon and the castle of Bundrowes in repair, and without charge to the king, holding them always in a fit and defensible state. If trouble and rebellion should arise, he would obtain a fee farm grant as "undertaker" of the lands lying between the two castles. The salmon and eel fisheries also fell into his hands. The defences of the harbour and Lough Erne were provided for too, and a special corps was organized for that purpose. On the summit of a hill overlooking the Bar, the remains of a circular fort stand, evidently intended to defend the entrance to the harbour. It probably belongs to the English period, and may have been constructed in the time of James the First.

43. Inquisition held in Ballyshannon by order of King James

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1621

    An inquisition was held in Ballyshannon by order of King James for the purpose of inquiring into the disposal of lands and privileges escheated from O'Donnell and the monasteries. It was held on Tuesday, the 2nd January 1621, when 'good and lawful men' were examined.

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    Eight years after the granting of the charter, an "Inquisition" ■was held in Ballyshanuon by order ol King James, for the purpose of Inquiring into the disposal of the lands and privileges escheated from O'Doimcll and the monasteries.

    This inquisition was ln-M on Tuesday, the 2nd January, 1621' when the following "good and lawful men" were examined on

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Ballyshannon now. In 1621, by order of King James, an inquisition was held here, on Tuesday the 2nd of January, to inquire into the disposal of lands and privileges escheated from O'Donnell and the monasteries. Good and lawful men were examined.

44. St. Ernan's Residence near Donegal Town

    Donegal · town · Donegal

    The name of St. Ernan, abbot of Drumholm, is perpetuated in the name of Mr. Hamilton's picturesque residence near the town of Donegal, called St. Ernan's. This keeps alive the memory of the otherwise nearly forgotten abbot.

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    the ridge ot long hill of Tomina {a pagan woman's name), it was dedicated to St. Adamuan, the biographer of St. Columba. Here was also the celebrated monastery of which St. Ernan was abbot. This monk was a disciple of St. Columba, to whom also ha was related; and we are told that when Columba had finished his great work of spreading Christianity in Scotland, and was peacefully breathing his latest breath in Iona, that St. Ernan, otherwise called Ferreolus, in his secluded monastery at Drumholm, had a vision in which he saw angels gliding down from heaven, filling the air with heavenly music, and bearing off the pure soul of the saint, after it had left its earthly tenement, into the clouds of heaven. The monastery of Drumholm was one of great mark in its day, and within its precincts were deposited the remains of many of the most noted chiefs and abbots of Tirconnell. Nothing however now remains to mark the site of this once illustrious foundation, and even the name of its abbot would be forgotten, were it not perpetuated in the name of Mr. Hamilton's picturesque residence near the town of Donegal, which he has called St. Ernan's.

    We have already spoken of Tory Island as having been the head-quarters of the warlike tribe of Fomorians, but there are other and more pleasing associations connected with the island, for even to this wild secluded spot St. Columba found his way, and there founded a church and monastery. The monastery, according to the M Monasticon Eibernmtm" was founded in the year 650, and St. Ernan, son of Colman, was first abbot. This monastery continued to flourish through many ages down to the time of Queen Elizabeth, when Bingham, governor of Connaught, made a raid upon the island, destroying and pillaging all before him. It seems, however, that the Tory islanders did not even then submit to English rule, for in the "treasury papers" (time of James I.) we find the following entry : "To Sir Henry Follyot, Knt., for money by him disbursed for the hire of one boat, two mariners, and ten sailors, that were employed by the fpace of five weeks at the surprising of Torrey — ,£29 Gs. 8d."

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    Near the town of Donegal stands a picturesque residence called St. Ernan's, named by Mr. Hamilton. The name keeps alive the memory of an abbot who would otherwise be nearly forgotten. St. Ernan was abbot of the celebrated monastery of Drumholm. He was a disciple of St. Columba, and related to him. When Columba had finished his great work of spreading Christianity in Scotland, and was peacefully breathing his latest breath in Iona, St. Ernan, otherwise called Ferreolus, in his secluded monastery at Drumholm, had a vision. He saw angels gliding down from heaven, filling the air with heavenly music, and bearing off the pure soul of the saint, after it had left its earthly tenement, into the clouds of heaven. The monastery of Drumholm was one of great mark in its day. Within its precincts were deposited the remains of many of the most noted chiefs and abbots of Tirconnell. Nothing now remains to mark the site of this once illustrious foundation, and even the name of its abbot would be forgotten, were it not perpetuated in the name of Mr. Hamilton's residence near Donegal. St. Columba also found his way to Tory Island, where he founded a church and monastery. The monastery was founded in the year 650, and St. Ernan, son of Colman, was first abbot. It flourished through many ages down to the time of Queen Elizabeth, when Bingham, governor of Connaught, made a raid upon the island, destroying and pillaging all before him. The Tory islanders did not even then submit to English rule. In the treasury papers from the time of James I, there is an entry: "To Sir Henry Follyot, for money by him disbursed for the hire of 1 boat, 2 mariners, and 10 sailors, that were employed by the space of 5 weeks at the surprising of Torrey, 29 pounds, 6 shillings and 8 pence."

45. Abbey burial ground in continuous use for seven centuries

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    The abbey burial ground in Ballyshannon has been used without interruption for seven centuries. It was enlarged by Archbishop McGettigan of Armagh during his residence in the town.

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    castle, was erected in 1848. It stands on the site of the old chapel, which was built in the year 1 795. The old building was cruciform, and not of such large proportions as the present edifice. The abbey burial ground which has been used without interruption fur seven centuries, was enlarged by t hi- Most Rev, Dr. MeGettigan, Archbishop of Armagh, daring his residence in Bally-shannon. The Rock chapel, situate in the adjoining parish of Inismacsaint, was, with the burial ground attached, consecrated in September, 1835.

    The first Presbyterian Church was in College Lane, ft was built in the last century, and remained in use till 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. This was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878-1).

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon in Donegal has an abbey burial ground that has been in use without interruption for seven centuries. It was enlarged by the Most Reverend Doctor McGettigan, Archbishop of Armagh, during his residence in the town. Seven hundred years of burying the dead in the same ground, through famine and peace and everything between, and the ground still taking them in. An Archbishop of Armagh chose to live here long enough to see that the place needed more room, and he saw to it that the ground was made larger. A burial ground that never closed is a rare thing. Most fall out of use or are forgotten. This one did not.

46. Ballyshannon Corporation resolves to hold court in Market House, 1700

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1700

    On 5 November 1700 the Portrieve, Burgesses and Commonalty of Ballyshannon resolved that, since the market house was sufficiently finished, the borough court should be held there on the following Wednesday for the trial of pleas pursuant to the charter.

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    In what building the Corporation of Ballyshannon first met for the transaction of public business, we cannot now tell, as it appears from an old minute book that the market house, which stood on the site of the present one, was not built till the year 17G0. Iu an entry bearing date 5th November, 1700, it. was said: "The Porlrieve Burgesses and Commonalty of said Eoronprh have resolved, that as the Market JTomsb erecting within said Borough, is now so far finished as to be capable for the ■ Hon of the Corporation, that the court be held in the of the said market house, on Wednesday next, for the tryal of pleas, pursuant to Charter."' The Parliamentary privileges contested on Ballyshannon, appear to have possessed but little real value for the inhabitants in general, who had no voice in the members to represent them in the Irish parliament. li was what was termed a close borough, and the provost and burgesses (with whom the nomination of the members v

    ■ r their patrons direct'- d flu A parliamentary

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Ballyshannon was run by its Corporation, and on 5 November 1700 the Portrieve, Burgesses and Commonalty made a decision about where they would do business. The market house, then being erected in the borough, was now far enough finished to be capable of use by the Corporation. They resolved that the court should be held in the market house on the following Wednesday, for the trial of pleas, pursuant to the charter. The old minute book records their words: that the Market House was now so far finished as to be capable for the reception of the Corporation. What building they met in before this, the record does not say. Ballyshannon was what was called a close borough. The inhabitants in general had no voice in choosing members to represent them in the Irish parliament. The provost and burgesses, directed by their patrons, held the nomination of the members. The parliamentary privileges contested over Ballyshannon appear to have possessed but little real value for the people who lived there.

47. College Lane site of former Catholic seminary

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    College Lane in Ballyshannon takes its name from a Roman Catholic seminary that formerly existed there. The lane preserves the memory of this vanished educational institution.

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    place of the ramparts ; the name seems to be derived from some artifici al earth-work defence which has no w disappeared. Ota bog (cjiiTu ig Ijuidho). The yellow rock : this name may be dori red from the proximity of the ford and waterfall, the term "yellow' being often applied to fords, etc. Cattle Street, from O'Donnell's castle. College Law,, from a Roman Catholic seminary which formerly existed there. Glochan, the ford of the stepping stones, which led across the little stream which flows there. Can the roek of the vat or caldron, reforring to the deep "pool " in its proximity. Bulhjbaimi (buaile ban), whitish booly, an enclosed

    beautiful ton growa in profusion rilon? the rocka iu tho estuary.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon keeps the memory of old places in its street names. College Lane takes its name from a Roman Catholic seminary that once stood there. The seminary is gone now, but the lane still carries the name. The book that records this says simply that the lane comes from a Roman Catholic seminary which formerly existed there. Nothing more of the seminary itself survives in that record, no date of founding, no account of who studied there or what became of it. Only the name remains, marking where something once stood.

48. Cromlech at Fortwilliam known as Leaba-an-laeich

    Fortwilliam · townland · Clare

    Near Ballyshannon, close to Fortwilliam, stands the remains of a cromlech whose Irish name Leaba-an-laeich preserves the memory of its purpose, signifying the bed or grave of a hero.

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    only just enough remains to mark their position, and prevent their name from being altogether blotted out. The owner of the land on which the largest of these cromlechs stood, is said to have broken up the flags (which were limestone) and filled a limekiln with the fragments, bat tradition says that " no power on earth could burn one of them," This giant's grave as well as the Coolmore one, was supposed to contain treasure, and it is related that two men who went to search the enclosure had hardly struck their spades iuto the sacred ground when they fount! their feet miraculously fastened to their spade shafts ! In the cromlech which stood at the back of Eowantreehill was found, a good many years ago, a cinerary uru containing ashes and several hones of largo size. Nearer Ballyshannon, and close to Fortwillio.nl, are the remains of a cromlech which preserves in its Irish name Leaba-an-laeich, (pronounced Labbinleo) a remembrance of the object for which it was erected — the word signifying the bed, or grave of the hero.

    In Fiuner Warren are three examples, one of which was unroofed some years ago and found to contain an urn full of burnt human bones. In the same locality is also a stone circle, and a chambered caim, which was discovered by some labourers while engaged in building a wall in the warren. In this sepulchral cave which is artificially constructed, were found portions of several human skeletons, the teeth in somo of the skulls being in good preservation. Iu this case there was no evidence of cremation having been used. This form of cairn burial is supposed to be of great antiquity.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Fortwilliam, the remains of a cromlech still stand, carrying an Irish name that remembers what it was built for. Leaba-an-laeich, pronounced Labbinleo, means the bed, or the grave, of the hero. Only enough of it survives to mark its position and keep its name from being blotted out altogether. The largest of these cromlechs once stood on land whose owner broke up the limestone flags and filled a limekiln with the fragments. But tradition says that no power on earth could burn one of them. This giant's grave, like the one at Coolmore, was believed to hold treasure. Two men went to search the enclosure, but they had hardly struck their spades into the sacred ground when they found their feet miraculously fastened to the spade shafts. At the back of Rowantreehill, another cromlech yielded up a cinerary urn a good many years ago, containing ashes and several bones of large size. So the dead here were burned, and their bones gathered and placed under stone. The name Leaba-an-laeich is what survives of the old purpose. Whatever hero was laid here, his grave kept its meaning in the language long after the stones themselves were broken and scattered.

49. Giant's grave north of O'Clery's Castle

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    About half a mile north of O'Clery's Castle stands another giant's grave of colossal proportions, consisting of massive unhewn stones. It is one of several cromlechs in the Ballyshannon district attributed to prehistoric or early Christian sepulchral practice.

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    A line und perfect example of the cromlech jrae, We regret to Bay, deprived of its roof a few years ago bJ 0 - bum. The owner of the field in which it wns standing, became possessed of the idea that treasure was concealed within it, and rested not till he bad removed the gigantic routing-flag, and began bis search within. He was, it is said, interrupted in the work by the crowing of a cock on Li; housetop, which was believed to be a warning not to be slighted; the march was therefore relinquished, and the stones replaced in the centre of the enclosure; the roofing-flag however, being too heavy to restore to its original position, remains prostrate. Another fine example will be found in Corker, not far from EuJbarron old Church, Here ii an nnnsually large cromlech which retains its roof entire. About half-a-mile north of the O'Cler/s Castle, is another giant's grave of colossal proportions. The visitor to these memorials of a by-gone age may well be struck with wonder at the labour which must have been expended on these cyclopoau works, some of the stones of which are several tous weight. In the townfand of Ballymagrarly Irish is also a scries of these grave stones 1enough to contain many human remains. Two cromleobj stood on the high ground near RouaniriehiS and Rockficld; th.it nearest Bolleek, was of very large proportions, hut of these relics,

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    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon holds several old cromlechs, monuments raised from massive unhewn stones, some weighing several tons. One, near O'Clery's Castle, is called a giant's grave, of colossal proportions. These works are sepulchral, attributed to prehistoric or early Christian practice, and the labour spent on them invites wonder. A cromlech in the district lost its roof a few years ago. The field's owner became convinced that treasure lay concealed within. He removed the gigantic roofing-flag and began his search inside. He was, it is said, interrupted by the crowing of a cock on his housetop, believed to be "a warning not to be slighted." The search was relinquished, and the stones were replaced in the centre of the enclosure. The roofing-flag, being too heavy to restore to its original position, remains prostrate. Another fine example stands at Corker, near an old church, retaining its roof entire. In the townland of Ballymagrarly there is also a series of these grave stones, large enough to contain many human remains. Two cromlechs stood on high ground near Bolleek and Rockfield; the one nearest Bolleek was of very large proportions. These relics are scattered across the district.

50. Heronry at Camlin

    Camlin · townland · Donegal

    A long-established heronry exists at Camlin, where herons breed in communities in trees, unlike most birds of their class. Herons frequent the river banks and shores of the estuary.

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    locality, is the heron (ardea cuterea), commonly but wrongly called the crane. Differing from almost all the birds of its class; the heron selects a tree for its breeding place. Like the rooks, they breed ill communities, and a long-established heronry exists at Camlin. They frequent the river banks and shores estuary. The common, and the ttfMmbrd, or

    • The flesh c.f the heron ili'-D^lj bow deaptmd, vns lit ft former poriod reserved l"r tbo tAblcs of kind's. At ii : ■ ■ |.y Uoury 11. in Dublin, to the Irish kings, heroni-

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere near here at Camlin, there's a heronry that's been here a long time. The heron is sometimes wrongly called the crane. Unlike most birds of its class, the heron picks a tree for its breeding place. Like rooks, they breed in communities. You'll find them along the river banks and the shores of the estuary. At one time, heron flesh was reserved for the tables of kings.

51. Lobster fishing at Bunatroohan and Bundoran

    Bundoran · town · Donegal

    Common lobsters are caught in large numbers at Bunatroohan and Bundoran, fetching good prices both in Ireland and England. The lobster fishery is described as a source of profit to local fishermen.

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    Crustacea. — The common lobster (astacus mar inns) is plentiful, and largo numbers are caught at Bunatroohan and Bundoran, and fetch a good price both in this country and England, The craj'-fish (A. ji has been found in a small stream in the

    touiikiuJ of Keenaghau, about Ave miles east of Ballyshannon. The common crab (cancer pw/nms) is also a source of profit to fishermen who capture them in "lobster pots," and sell them in the local market. The hermit crab, (pagtirw bernfmrdas); dwelling in the shells of whelks and other molnsca, and other species of crabs, also abound.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    Bundoran was a place where the sea paid its way. The common lobster was plentiful here, and large numbers were caught at Bunatroohan and Bundoran, fetching a good price both in Ireland and England. It was a source of profit to the fishermen who worked these waters. The common crab was caught too, taken in lobster pots and sold in the local market. The hermit crab was also found here, living in the shells of whelks and other molluscs, along with other species of crab. The crayfish had been found in a small stream in the townland of Keenaghan, about 5 miles east of Ballyshannon.

52. Milltown named from old manor mill

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Milltown in Ballyshannon takes its name from the old manor mill which stood on the site later occupied by the distillery. The name links the area to both its milling and distilling past.

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    Of names occurring within the limits of the town, a few particulars will suffice.— The port or purt (a hank) from its proximity to the river. Milhoion, from the old manor mill which stood on the site of the distillery. . the bank or landing

    place of the ramparts ; the name seems to be derived from some artifici al earth-work defence which has no w disappeared. Ota bog (cjiiTu ig Ijuidho). The yellow rock : this name may be dori red from the proximity of the ford and waterfall, the term "yellow' being often applied to fords, etc. Cattle Street, from O'Donnell's castle. College Law,, from a Roman Catholic seminary which formerly existed there. Glochan, the ford of the stepping stones, which led across the little stream which flows there. Can the roek of the vat or caldron, reforring to the deep "pool " in its proximity. Bulhjbaimi (buaile ban), whitish booly, an enclosed

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, one of the names within the town is Milltown. The name comes from the old manor mill that once stood there. That same site was later occupied by the distillery. So the ground carried first the mill, then the distillery, and the name Milltown kept the older of those two trades alive. The book on Ballyshannon's history and antiquities records this among several local names tied to the town's features and past. Other names in the town carry their own stories. The port, or purt, took its name from proximity to the river. Cattle Street recalls O'Donnell's castle. College Law preserves the memory of a Roman Catholic seminary that formerly existed there. Glochan marks the ford of the stepping stones across a little stream. Each name in Ballyshannon holds a piece of what once stood on that ground.

53. Presbyterian Church on the Mall built 1838

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1838–1879

    A new Presbyterian Church was erected on the Mall in Ballyshannon in 1838, replacing the ruined College Lane church. It was rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878-79.

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    The first Presbyterian Church was in College Lane, ft was built in the last century, and remained in use till 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. This was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878-1).

    Of the two Methodist chapels, that in the Main Street is much the oldest, having been, according to the tablet inserted in the wall, built in 1701. The Rer. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, visited Ballyshannon on more than one occasion; and in 1771 preached hero. At that time, he seemed to have but few supporters in the town, as the following entry in his journal shows:— "I rode to Ballyshannon, and preached, in the Assemblyroom. I was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town; but they were ashamed to own me. Only some of them sent their compliments to me, properly so called." In subsequent years, the cause of Methodism grew and flourished in Hal ly shannon, and at one time there was a large number of members, which *

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon's first Presbyterian Church stood in College Lane. It was built in the last century and remained in use until 1832, when it fell into such a ruinous condition that it was decided to build a new one. The new church was erected on the Mall in 1838, and rebuilt with extensive additions in 1878. The book also tells of two Methodist chapels in the town. The one in the Main Street is much the oldest, built in 1701 according to a tablet set in its wall. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, visited Ballyshannon on more than one occasion, and in 1771 preached there. At that time he seemed to have but few supporters in the town, as this entry in his journal shows: "I rode to Ballyshannon, and preached, in the Assembly-room. I was acquainted with some of the chief persons in the town; but they were ashamed to own me. Only some of them sent their compliments to me, properly so called." In subsequent years the cause of Methodism grew and flourished in Ballyshannon, and at one time there was a large number of members.

54. Rare calamint plant found at the abbey

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    The large flowered hemp nettle and the calamint, a rare plant, occur at the abbey near Ballyshannon. The presence of this rare species at the abbey site connects the medieval ruins to the local botanical heritage.

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    sparry (s. marina), grows on rocks at Fairy Bridge. Wall pennywort (cotyledon umb&cua), English stonecrop (seefim angticum), biting do. (s. acre) occur. Alpine saxifrage (s. nivalin), the purple mountain do. (« oppoaitifoiia), and the yellow mountain do. (s. amides), all rare plants, occnr on Ben Bulben. The whiterot (/ j, common in marshes. Bishop's weed (wgopodium podagrarid), a plant formerly held in repute as a remedy for gout, and introduced by the monks, grows plentifully aboutthe town. Hemlock (ooniwa macutattmk occurs occasionally, but is often confused with other umbelliferous plants. Shepherds needle (scandix pecten) is occasional. Common elder (sambwtu nigra), and honeysuckle (hnirmt), common bedstraw (galium verum), smooth heath do. (g. saj:atite),\white water do. (g, palitstre), leaved do, (g. bormle). Goose grass do. (g. sparine) occur ; Blue field madder (skerardia arvensis), sweet woodruff (azperula odorata), and great wild valerian (V. officinalis), frequent. Scabious (a, succisa), common (a white variety has also been found). The hairy hawkweed (Jueradvm lasiophy/b/m), a very rare plant, occurs on Ben Bulbeu. Black knapweed (centaurea nif/ra), mugwort (artmiaia vulgaris). Hemp agdmony (eti^atorkmamnabiiwmif, mountain everlasting (antemaria dioica\ marsh cudweed {iptriphaliinii uligtnoswi). Butterbur (petasifes vulgaris), a plaid with large rhubtin M&S /raves, sea aster or starwort (osier fripolium) Feverfew (mairicaria cluimomilla), sneezewort milfoil, as well as many other common composite plants, occur. The bilberry ('■"c ;iliis)iii frequent. Cross-leaved heath (erica tetmtix) and the common ling (sometimes with white flowers), are plentiful. Common centuary (erythraea centanrium), field gentian (g. camp&irU), buckbeaa (menyanthea trifoliato). Hooded bindweed (ocdystegia senium). Sea-side bindweed (soldanella), gromwell (lithospemum officinale), eomfrey (Symphytum officinale), occur. The ivy-leaved toad flax (linaria cymbalaria), this interesting plant which is an alien, has established itself in profusion on old walls round the town. The large flowered hemp nettle (yaleopsis versicolor) and the calamint (c, officinalis), a rare plant, occurs at the abbey.

    1

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    Near Ballyshannon, at the abbey, two plants grow that you will not easily find elsewhere. The large flowered hemp nettle and the calamint, a rare plant, both occur there. The abbey ruins hold this small botanical inheritance, a living trace of what once grew around a medieval religious house. The monks left more than stone. Bishop's weed, a plant formerly held in repute as a remedy for gout, was introduced by them and still grows plentifully about the town. That connection between the old religious settlement and the plant life of the place runs deep. The ivy-leaved toad flax, an alien plant, has established itself in profusion on old walls round the town, another species that has made itself at home among the ruins and old stonework. The wider country around Ballyshannon carries its own rarities. On Ben Bulben, alpine saxifrage, the purple mountain saxifrage, and the yellow mountain saxifrage, all rare plants, occur. The hairy hawkweed, a very rare plant, is found there too. At Fairy Bridge, sparry grows on the rocks. Wall pennywort, English stonecrop, and biting stonecrop appear in the same area. The lowlands hold common elder, honeysuckle, bedstraws, scabious, bilberry, heath and ling, field gentian, buckbean, comfrey, gromwell, and many others. Hemlock occurs occasionally, often confused with other umbelliferous plants. Butterbur grows with large rhubarb-like leaves. Feverfew and sneezewort milfoil are among the many composite plants noted in the district. What sets the abbey apart is the calamint, that rare plant growing quietly among the medieval remains.

55. Sea urchins and prawns at Bundoran rocks

    Bundoran · town · Donegal

    Prawns are numerous in rocky pools at Bundoran, and the sea urchin echinus lividus is found in thousands making cup-like nests in soft limestone rocks there. The species is specifically tied to Bundoran's limestone geology.

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    The orangons or shrimps. The true shrimps (erangoa vi'f oceur in small numbers in the sand, hut are seldom caught. The prawns which are very numerous, though not of very large size, are easily distinguishable from the shrimps by their red colour, and satv-like prolongation of the head. YV< terrains and P. sqiu'lla are found in oar rocky pools, both in the estuary, and at Bundoran. Of the echinidew or sea-ui chin family, the echinus lividus may be found in thousands, making iis cuplike nest in the soft limestone rocks at Bondoran. The curious egg-like amphidoUis <x»-datw, a species of heart-urchin, is often found on our strands at Tullan and elsewhere.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    Bundoran sits on soft limestone, and that rock shapes what lives here. The true shrimps turn up in small numbers in the sand, but are seldom caught. The prawns are very numerous, though not large, and you can tell them from shrimps by their red colour and the saw-like prolongation of the head. They are found in the rocky pools. Of the sea urchin family, the echinus lividus may be found in thousands, making its cup-like nest in the soft limestone rocks at Bundoran. The curious egg-like amphidotus cordatus, a species of heart-urchin, is often found on the strands at Tullan and elsewhere.

56. Sir Robert Campbell born on the Rock, Ballyshannon

    The Rock · street · Sligo · 1780–1800

    Sir Robert Campbell, Bart., was born on the Rock in Ballyshannon towards the close of the 18th century. His father, John Campbell, occupied a respectable position in the town.

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    Another Ballyshannon man worthy of notice is Sir Robert Campbell^ Bart., who was born on the Rock, towards the close of the last century. His father, Air. John Campbell, occupied a respectable position in this town, wher e he acquired some

    • According to the American icttunla, ho was Irani st Now York. March 22nd isu The Bbo»o account of bis birth hM been confirmed bv liis relatives here m well ™ hi the published statement of the wolptort mother ««"><* uin., is wea as by

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 34

    As the companion tells it

    Born towards the close of the 18th century, Sir Robert Campbell, Baronet, came into the world on the Rock in Ballyshannon. His father, John Campbell, held a respectable position in the town. An American journal gave March 22nd as his birth date but placed it in New York. The account of his birth on the Rock was confirmed by his relatives, as well as by a published statement.

57. Site of Kilcarheny church at Parkhill

    Parkhill · townland · Donegal

    At Parkhill stood a church called Kilcarheny, of which nothing beyond the name survives. It was associated with Carbery of the race of Conal Gulban, from whom the church derived its name.

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    At Parkhill, is the site of Kilcarhenj church, nothing beyond the name has been preserved of this foundation. Carbery was of the race of Conal Gulban, and from him, doubtless, the church derived its name.

    In the townland of Balfymagroarty — Irish, overlooking the road lead inn; from Ballyshannon to Btvllintra, is a hill called Raeoo. Upon the summit of this hill St. Patrick founded the church of Hathcunga. In the Tripartite Life, it is stated that the saint having passed through that portion of TirconneU which lay between E:*s Euadh (Ballysntuifloa) and the ocean, came to a place called Rathcnugn, and there built a church from the foundation. The church which was doubtless built of w.iitlew, and roofed with shingles, has long since disappeared, but the rathshaped moand with many headstones, still remain to mark the spot. Such circular enclosures, whether composed of earth or stome, are characteristic of, and peculiar to the earliest ecclesiastical establishments in Ireland.* Tin's ancieut cemetery has of late years been only used for the interment of unbaptised children.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stood a church called Kilcarheny. Nothing beyond the name has been preserved of this foundation. The church took its name from Carbery, who was of the race of Conal Gulban, and from him, doubtless, the church derived its name. That is all that survives: a name, and the memory of the man behind it. No walls, no trace, no further record of what stood here or what became of it. Just Kilcarheny, the church of Carbery, and the long line of Conal Gulban's people behind him.

58. Carrickleevlin: Eveken's rock at the Mall

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    Carrickleevlin, the rock at the foot of the Mall in Ballyshannon, derives its name from a woman, meaning Eveken's rock. The most ancient form of the name is Eblin, suggesting a long-standing local tradition.

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    place where cattle used to bo fed and milked in. Why the word white was here applied, remains unexplained. Carricievlin, the rock at the foot of the Mall, derives its uamo from a woman, moaning Eveken's rock; the most ancient form of the name is Eblin. Gibby or Oiibag/i, moaning a rugged place, is the name of the sharp rock which projects into the water at the Bullybawns,

    In the townlnnd of Ballymactmrd is a roek at the shore called Catrkknadaiiti/, i.e. the rock of the dam or poems. This name may owe its origin to having been owned by the Macwarcta, who were the hereditary bards of the O'Donnells, and held the townland in which the rock is situated.

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 53

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballyshannon, at the foot of the Mall stands a rock called Carrickleevlin. The name comes from a woman — Eveken's rock. The most ancient form of the name is Eblin, pointing to an old local tradition behind it. Not far off, a sharp rock projects into the water at the Bullybawns. Its name, Gibby, means a rugged place. Further along the shore, in the townland of Ballymacward, there is a rock called Carricknadanti, meaning the rock of the dam or poems. That name may come from the Macwardes, who were the hereditary bards of the O'Donnells and held the townland where the rock is situated.

59. Finner chapel of ease near Bundoran

    Finner · townland · Donegal

    Finner church, located one mile distant from Bundoran, is identified as one of the chapels of ease recorded in the 1609 inquisition for Inishmacsaint parish, called Finnvoart in Maeginey.

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    Before the era of the "plantation," there seems to have been no ecclesiastical edifice in the town, though there were both churches and "chappies of ease" inthesurroundingneighbourhood. The one most generally resorted to by the inhabitants was doubtless the "church with a steeple" which adjoined the abbey of Assaroe, The old church of Kilbarron, though also attached tothe abbey, was, owing to its isolated position, probably allowed to fall into disuse and decay, long before the English settlement was effected. The Donegal portion of the parish of Inismacsaiut was provided with two chapels of ease, as the following extract from an inquisition taken at EnniskUlen, 18th September, 1001), Bhows:— "they alsoe sale thatin the said parish (of Enishmissauib) is a chappie of ease, called Fjmnoare in Maeginey, unto which said chappie the viecar of the said parish is to send a curate to sjie divine service; and that in the said parish also is another chappie called Ballihanny." The first of these is Firmer church,* one mile distant from Bundorun, the other is probably identical with the ruined church at Sminver, near to the railway station at Ballysbannon. Though Sminver is not in the townland of Bullylianna, it is contiguous to it, and some confusion in the boundary lines may have been made whon the inquisition was taken. There was also in former times, a chapel in the town lam I of Rathmore, not far distant from Ballysbannon. The Roman C ntholic Church, n o w standing i n a part of the old p ark o f O'Donnell's-

    * Since the above was written, the diMrkt has been ejcamined by Dean Reeves, who is of opinion that the "Chappie ot etes," caUod Fftnivoart, it not identical wit: mined church at Finncr, which tu U ;:■■■■ at lo bo of comparatively modem dale, isd that the CfcflpeUjf the inquisition, stood in ih> Turi-M'nuriiig townland of Caidrafftt (n

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stood Finner church, one of the chapels of ease recorded for the parish of Inishmacsaint. Before the plantation era, there was no ecclesiastical building in the town of Ballyshannon itself, though there were churches and chapels of ease in the surrounding neighbourhood. The one most used by the inhabitants was a church with a steeple adjoining the abbey of Assaroe. The old church of Kilbarron, also attached to the abbey, had probably fallen into disuse and decay long before the English settlement, owing to its isolated position. The Donegal portion of Inishmacsaint parish had two chapels of ease. An inquisition taken at Enniskillen on 18 September 1609 records: "they alsoe say that in the said parish is a chappie of ease, called Fynnore in Maeginey, unto which the said chappie the vicar of the said parish is to send a curate to say divine service; and that in the said parish also is another chappie called Ballihanny." The first is Finner church, one mile from Bundoran. The other is probably the ruined church at Sminver, near the railway station at Ballyshannon. Sminver is not in the area of Bullyhanna but lies contiguous to it, and some confusion in the boundary lines may have been made when the inquisition was taken.

60. Sir James Caldwell of Belleek attainted by Jacobite parliament

    near Belleek · parish · Fermanagh · 1689

    Sir James Caldwell of Belleek, bart., and his son and heir Charles Caldwell of Belleek, were among those deprived of their lands and possessions by the 1689 Act of Attainder for favouring the cause of King William.

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    accordingly held in the King's Dins, Henrietta Street, and there passed the Act entitled, '-An Act for the Attainder of Divers i for Preserving the interests of Loyal Subjects." By tins Act the following persons connected with Bully shannon were, amongst many others, deprived of their lands and possessions for favouring the cause of King William— Sir James Caldwell of Belleek, bart.. Patrick Conolly of Belashannon, gent.,* Thomas Folliott of Belaslmimou, gent., Francis Earles, Belashannon, gent.) Francis Jennings of Belashaimon, gent., John Folliott, Esquire, Belashannon, Charles Caldwell of Belleek (son and heir of Sir James Caldwell), John Montgomery of Carriekboy, gent., Thomas Atkinson, senr., Belashannon, gent., Thomas Atkinson^ junr, Belashannon, gent., Michael llueson of Coolebegge, gent., John llueson of Coolebegge, gent., Robert Delapp of Belftshannon, gent., Lord Folliott of Belashannon." In the same month in which this Act of Attainder was passed, Ballyshannon ivus besieged li.v u Jucjbite army. The Connaughf contingent, under the command of General Sarsfield, pitched their camp at Bundrowse, waiting their opportunity to seize Ballyshannon. The town was, however, strongly garrisoned, and the troops were under the command of Henry (afterwards third Baron Folliott). The Jacobite army, on the other hand, though numerically strong, were, ill-disciplined and hut poorly equipped. f The Castle of Balli/sftttmitm was still used as a military head-quarters, and contained a large number of soldiers. Folliott, however, finding himself beset by such a formidable army, sent to Euniskilleu for re-in forcemeats, and on Cth May, Col. Lloyd, in command of the afterwards relebrated regiment, the 27th I nniskilliners, started for Ballyshannon, The Jacobites, having hoard of their approach, marched to Belleek for the purpose of preventing them from reaching Ballyshannon, and having placed themselves in the most advantag ras position they could select, awaited the advent of the enemy.

    • Father of Speaker Conolly. t 41 1 be ifegeoiCrnmj tbetr only ordnance were two fin cannon, covered with buckram f

    Internet Archive BallyshannonItsHistoryAntiquitiesOpt, Chapter 21

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Belleek in Fermanagh carries a story from 1689, when the Jacobite parliament in Dublin passed what it called an Act for the Attainder of divers persons for preserving the interests of loyal subjects. Among the many named and stripped of their lands and possessions for favouring the cause of King William were Sir James Caldwell of Belleek, baronet, and his son and heir Charles Caldwell of Belleek. They were not alone. Patrick Conolly of Ballyshannon, Thomas Folliott, Francis Earles, Francis Jennings, John Folliott, Lord Folliott, John Montgomery of Carrickboy, Thomas Atkinson senior and Thomas Atkinson junior, Michael Hueson and John Hueson of Coolebegge, and Robert Delapp of Ballyshannon were all attainted in the same Act. In the same month that the Act was passed, Ballyshannon was besieged by a Jacobite army. The Connaught contingent under General Sarsfield pitched their camp at Bundrowse, waiting for their chance to seize the town. Ballyshannon was strongly garrisoned, with troops under the command of Henry, afterwards third Baron Folliott. The Jacobite army was numerically strong but ill-disciplined and poorly equipped. The Castle of Ballyshannon was still used as military headquarters and held a large number of soldiers. Folliott, finding himself beset by so formidable a force, sent to Enniskillen for reinforcements. On the 6th of May, Colonel Lloyd, in command of the regiment afterwards celebrated as the 27th Inniskilliners, set out for Ballyshannon. The Jacobites, having heard of their approach, marched to Belleek to prevent them from reaching the town. They placed themselves in the most advantageous position they could select and awaited the enemy.