Name: The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork
Author: Francis H Tuckey

Cork's marshy islands and city expansion under Charles II

Cork · city · Cork · 1660–1750

The marshy islands above and below the original walled city of Cork were leased by the corporation beginning in the reign of Charles II, becoming important portions of the city. By 1750 the city was thrice as large as it had been forty years before.

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had passed the walled islands. There existed, however, from time immemorial, other marshy islands above and below the original city; and though the citizens in ancient times, extended .their improvements on the main-land to the north and south, many centuries elapsed before their exertions were directed towards the marshes ; however, in the reign of Charles II, the corporation began to grant leases of these tracts, and in a few years they became important portions of the city, which in 1750 according to Smith, was thrice as large as it had been forty years before. The advance or rather restoration of the city on the main-land, is of older date; in a tract printed in 1622, the parts on the hill about Shandon castle, are mentioned as an integral portion of the city.* In Storey's map, of which this work contains a copy, may be seen the extent of Cork, in 1690.
We have seen how the corparation under the friendly club, Avere taunted with their neglect of public improvements. In 1760, they began to obviate complaints on this head; in that year, they purchased the houses at the north side of Tuckey's lane, for £1000, leaving the materials to the seller, and thus opened a good passage to Tuckey's bridge, leading to Dunscombe's marsh, then an advanced part of the city. In 1762, they erected on that bridge, a handsome equestrian statue of king George II. Improvements thus begun, were continued with redoubled energy. The shambles, which formerly occupied the bank of the before-mentioned channel near Castle-street, were transferred to an ampler space on Dunscombe's marsh ; Castle street was widened ; the watercourses which had separated the marshy islands, and then formed canals, intersecting the city in various directions, were gradually filled up or arched over, and with the adjoining quays thus added to them, formed those spacious streets by which Cork is

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 36

As the companion tells it

Cork grew out of marsh. The original walled city stood on islands in the river, but from time immemorial other marshy islands lay above and below it. For many centuries the citizens built on the main land to the north and south, and left the marshes alone. That changed in the reign of Charles II. The corporation began granting leases of those marshy tracts, and within a few years they became important parts of the city. By 1750, according to Smith, Cork was thrice as large as it had been forty years before. The expansion on the main land was older. A tract printed in 1622 mentions the parts on the hill about Shandon castle as an integral portion of the city, and Storey's map shows the extent of Cork in 1690. The corporation had been taunted with neglecting public improvements. In 1760 they bought the houses on the north side of Tuckey's lane for 1000 pounds, leaving the materials to the seller, and opened a good passage to Tuckey's bridge, leading to Dunscombe's marsh, then an advanced part of the city. In 1762 they erected a handsome equestrian statue of king George II on that bridge. The shambles, which had occupied the bank of the channel near Castle-street, were moved to ampler space on Dunscombe's marsh. Castle street was widened. The watercourses that had once separated the marshy islands, and then formed canals crossing the city in various directions, were gradually filled up or arched over, and with the adjoining quays formed the spacious streets by which Cork is known.

Danes burn and plunder Cork repeatedly

Cork · city · Cork · 960–995

The Danes, at war with the Irish, burned and plundered Cork in 960. The city was again wasted by them in 978 and 995, during which period it was known as the 'Great City of Munster.'

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A.D, the year 915 also (according to some manuscript annals in Irish) laid waste the greatest part of Munster, The following year they were defeated by the Munster men in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes on their side vanquished the Irish. 918 The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this Province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, i. e. Scotland, where they committed great ravages. 960 The Danes being at war with the Irish, burned and plundered Cork, which was also wasted by them in the years 978 and 995. It was then, and for some time afterwards, termed the " Great City of Munster."
1012 The Danes wasted the country in this year also, and in the

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 39

As the companion tells it

The road passes near Cork, which in the tenth century was called the Great City of Munster. The Danes were at war with the Irish, and in 960 they burned and plundered Cork. They wasted it again in 978, and again in 995. Each time the city suffered, and still it kept its name as the Great City of Munster for some time afterwards.

Engagement at Ballyderawn ford

Ballyderown · townland · Cork · 1691

An engagement took place between the militia and the Irish at the ford of Ballyderawn, in which the militia were successful.

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An engagement took place between the militia and the Irish at the ford of Ballyderawn, in which the former were successful. In the same month lieutenant Moore met with a party near Bantry, where he killed five, and cornet Evanson four of the enemy. On the 15th the militia of Eandon took captain Hugh Donovan and six of his regiment prisoners, and surprized forty rapparees in a wood, as they were at supper, from whom they tc ok twenty horses and other booty. About this time also the Dragon and Advice, frigates, being in Baltimore bay landed 100 seamen, wiio, joining with some of the militia, marched up the country, but contented themselves with a booty of cattle.
June. — Inniskeen was, by order of governor Cox, fortified and a garrison of the militia put into it, a party of whom he detached under colonel Townshend towards Bantry, where they killed near 100 rapparees, and brought off a great deal of plunder. Colonel Hastings marched from Cork and seized Drumana, on the Blackwater. Major Stroud, at the head of a party of militia, killed several rapparees near Ballyclough, and lieutenant-colonel Moore, ten days after, slew GO more near Bandon.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 92

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1691, an engagement took place between the militia and the Irish at the ford of Ballyderawn. The militia were successful. In the same month, Lieutenant Moore met a party near Bantry, where he killed five of the enemy, and Cornet Evanson killed four. On the 15th, the militia of Eandon took Captain Hugh Donovan and six of his regiment prisoner, and surprised forty rapparees in a wood as they were at supper, taking twenty horses and other booty. About this time the Dragon and Advice frigates, in Baltimore bay, landed 100 seamen who joined with some of the militia and marched up the country, but contented themselves with a booty of cattle. In June, Inniskeen was fortified by order of Governor Cox with a militia garrison. He detached a party under Colonel Townshend towards Bantry, where they killed near 100 rapparees and brought off much plunder.

French sailors captured at Clonakilty

Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1800

Two French sailors and an officer were taken at Clonakilty, belonging either to a French frigate or privateer. They had landed from a boat to procure fresh water and were escorted into Cork by the Berwick cavalry.

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23. — This day two French sailors and an officer were escorted into town by a detachment of the Berwick cavalry ; they were taken at Clonakilty, and belonged either to a French frigate or privateer ; they were after landing from a boat to procure fresh water.
28. — The troop ships which had been for some time stationed at Cove, sailed from thence this evening, with the 31st and 63d regiments on board, bound on the secret expedition.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 135

As the companion tells it

Clonakilty saw a brief capture in 1800. Two French sailors and an officer were taken at the town, belonging either to a French frigate or a privateer. They had landed from a boat to procure fresh water. A detachment of the Berwick cavalry escorted them into Cork.

Funeral procession of Major Ebenezer Morrison to Christ Church

Cork · city · Cork · 1783

The remains of Ebenezer Morrison, major of the Aughrim society, were conducted in solemn procession by armed societies over Parliament Bridge, along South Mall, Grand Parade, Castle Street and South Main Street to Christ Church.

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J^Iay 27. — At have past five o'clock this evening, the remains of Ebenezer Morrison, major of the Aughrim society, were conducted from his house by the armed societies, over parliament bridge, along the South Mall, Grand Parade, Castle street and the South main-street, to Christ church, in solemn procession.
June 18. — There was a desperate storm of thunder and lightning.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 124

As the companion tells it

In Cork, on May 27, 1783, at half past five in the evening, the remains of Ebenezer Morrison, major of the Aughrim society, were conducted from his house by the armed societies in solemn procession. They went over Parliament Bridge, along South Mall, Grand Parade, Castle Street and South Main Street, to Christ Church.

Great flood damages collier at Merchant's Quay and Mardyke mill works

Merchant's Quay · street · Cork · 1787

After constant heavy rain, a flood in the river caused a deeply laden collier near Merchant's Quay to get her bows partly underwater as the flood cleared away gravel beneath her. Works in progress for a grist mill on the marsh near the Mardyke were also carried off.

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A_. D. (Jay a great flood in the river, by which a colher near Merchant's quay which was deeply laden, got her bows partly underwater, in consequence of the flood clearing away the gravel from luider her. The works on the marsh near the Mardyke, then in progress for a grist mill, were carried off.
July 30. — The mayor gave directions to have the old drawbridge taken down, and the timber of it sold by auction, as it was in a dangerous condition, and had become comparatively useless, by a great part of Patrick-street having been arched over.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 127

As the companion tells it

A quay on the river in Cork, Merchant's Quay. In 1787, a great flood rose in the river. A collier near the quay, deeply laden, got her bows partly underwater. The flood had cleared away the gravel from under her, and she settled wrong. Works on the marsh near the Mardyke, then in progress for a grist mill, were carried off by the same flood.

Henry Boyle of Castlemartyr opposes Cork club

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

Henry Boyle of Castlemartyr, identified as one of the patriot party, became the chief supporter of opponents to the dominant Cork city political club. His commanding influence furnished the club with an argument that they were saving the city from becoming a borough.

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Mr. Henry Boyle, of Castlemartyr, one of the national party called patriots, took part against the club, and became tlie chief supporter of its opponents. In this he did not merely keep his party together, but he exercised so commanding an influence that the club was furnished with a cogent argument in favour of their cause. They proclaimed that their endeavours were directed to save the city from the condition of a borough ;f and there seems no reason to doubt their claims or their merits in this respect. Whether the Boyle family had formerly possessed influence over the aldermen we have no means of deciding, but from the total silence of all our authorities we are confident they had not.
On the election of corporate officers in the year 1751, parties were nearly balanced and the contest v^as very violent. The election lasted two days. The first was occupied with the choice of the commons speaker ; the second with that of the magistrates. The victory was gained by the club at an expense (as their opponent asserts) of £1000. A parliamentary election quickly followed, and though on this occasion the freeholders were a portion of the constituency, the club took a prominent part in the transaction, and with so much zeal, that one of its leading members was said to have offered £500 for the encouragement of a subscription in support of its interest. Mr. Thomas Newenham of Coolmore, was put forward by Mr. Boyle, and supported by his influence ; his competitor was Mr. Henry Cavendish, supported by the friendly club. On this occasion we find the state of affairs thus described by a partisan of Mr.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 30

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Henry Boyle of Castlemartyr, one of the patriot party, set himself against the dominant political club in Cork city and became the chief supporter of its opponents. His influence was so commanding that it furnished the club itself with a cogent argument for their cause. They proclaimed that their endeavours were directed to save the city from the condition of a borough, and there seems no reason to doubt their claims or their merits in that respect. Whether the Boyle family had formerly possessed influence over the aldermen there is no means of deciding, but from the total silence of all authorities, it is confident they had not. On the election of corporate officers in the year 1751, parties were nearly balanced and the contest was very violent. The election lasted two days. The first was occupied with the choice of the commons speaker, the second with that of the magistrates. The victory was gained by the club at an expense, as their opponent asserts, of £1000. A parliamentary election quickly followed. Though the freeholders were a portion of the constituency on this occasion, the club took a prominent part, and with so much zeal that one of its leading members was said to have offered £500 for the encouragement of a subscription in support of its interest. Mr. Thomas Newenham of Coolmore was put forward by Boyle and supported by his influence. His competitor was Mr. Henry Cavendish, supported by the friendly club.

Hot press for seamen at Cove and Cork

Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1790

On May 9, 1790, a hot press for sailors commenced at Cove (Cobh) and Cork city, with every seaman who could be found being impressed into naval service.

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May 9. — A hot press commenced at Cove, and in this city,, and every seaman, who could be met with, was impressed.
June — ^At this time 1600 lamps were used in lighting the city.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 130

As the companion tells it

Cobh was once called Cove, and in 1790 it felt the weight of war. On May 9 a hot press commenced at Cove and in Cork city. Every seaman who could be met with was impressed. Sailors taken off the streets and the decks, pressed into naval service whether they wanted it or not.

Irish troops enter Cork and disarm Protestants

Cork · city · Cork · 1689

A large party of Irish horse and foot entered Cork at midnight and disarmed all the Protestants of the town, seizing their horses the following day. They acted similarly in neighbouring villages and broke into houses of principal citizens, taking great sums of money.

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A.D. Cork, and at midnight disarmed all the protestants of the town, and on the following day seized their horses. They acted similarly in all the neighbouring villages ; and broke into the houses of several principal citizens, from whence they took great sums of money.
March 4. — M'Carty gave a warrant to Sir James Cotter, then colonel of dragoons, to search for and seize all horses, arms, and ammunition, in the county of Cork, from persons not licensed by him.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 90

As the companion tells it

In 1689, a large party of Irish horse and foot entered Cork at midnight and disarmed all the Protestants of the town. The following day they seized their horses. They acted similarly in all the neighbouring villages, and broke into the houses of several principal citizens, taking great sums of money. On March 4, M'Carty gave a warrant to Sir James Cotter, then colonel of dragoons, to search for and seize all horses, arms, and ammunition in the county of Cork from persons not licensed by him.

Justices appointed to try David Naungle in Cork and Limerick

Cork · city · Cork · 1379

Thomas de Clifford and Roger Lenfavmt were appointed justices to enquire and determine upon crimes perpetrated by David Naungle in the counties of Cork and Limerick, and to clear the gaol of him.

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Feh. 20. — Thomas de Clifford and Roger Lenfavmt, were appointed justices, to enquire, hear, and determine upon the crimes perpetrated by David Naungle, in the counties of Cork and Limerick, and to " clear the gaol of him according to law" and to receive from him a reasonable fine, half of which was to be paid to John Grassebek, for the expense of his capture, and the other half, into the Exchequer.
April 16. — The neighbourhood of Youghal was wasted at this time, by the Rocheynes, Glengibons and others.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

Cork has an old story of justice and capture. On the 20th of February in 1379, Thomas de Clifford and Roger Lenfavmt were appointed justices to enquire, hear, and determine upon the crimes perpetrated by David Naungle in the counties of Cork and Limerick. Their orders were to "clear the gaol of him according to law" and to take from him a reasonable fine. Half of that fine was paid to John Grassebek, for the expense of capturing Naungle, and the other half went into the Exchequer.

Kinalmoaky forfeited and planted by English undertakers

Kinalmeaky · barony · Cork · 1580–1602

Kinalmoaky, formerly part of Curbery, was forfeited by O'Mahony during the earl of Desmond's rebellion and granted by Queen Elizabeth to Grenville and Becher, English undertakers who first planted it. It gave title to Lewis Boyle, viscount Kinalmeaky, who was slain at the fight of Liscarroll. Formerly all wood and bog, the army had to go round by Kinsale to reach the siege of Dunboy.

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Kinalmoaky (formerly part of Curbery) forfeited by O'jMahony A. D. in the earl of Desmond's rebellion, was by queen Elizabeth granted to Grenville and Becher, English undertakers by whom it was first planted, and got the name of a barony. It afterwards gave title to Lewis Boyle, viscount Kinalraeaky, who was slain at the fight of Liscarrol. It was formerly a mere fastness, being all wood and bog, so that the army could not pass it, being obliged to go round by Kinsale in their march from Cork to the siege of Dunboy in Bearhaven ; but it is now as well improved as any part of the country.
Jan. 2 — The Spanish leader agreed that his troops should evacuate Kinsale, Baltimore, Castlehaven and Bearhaven castle, on conditions that they should be at liberty to carry away their arms, artillery, ammunition, treasure, &c., and that they should be provided with shipping to transport them, and victuals, if they paid for the same.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 71

As the companion tells it

The road passes through or near the barony of Kinalmeaky. It was once called Kinalmoaky and was part of Curbery. During the earl of Desmond's rebellion, O'Mahony forfeited the land. Queen Elizabeth then granted it to Grenville and Becher, English undertakers, who planted it for the first time. From their planting it took the name of a barony. It later gave its title to Lewis Boyle, viscount Kinalmeaky, who was slain at the fight of Liscarrol. In those days the whole of it was wood and bog, nothing but a fastness. An army could not get through it. When the troops marched from Cork to the siege of Dunboy in Bearhaven, they had to go round by Kinsale to avoid it. The land has since been improved as well as any part of the country. On January 2, a Spanish leader agreed that his troops would evacuate Kinsale, Baltimore, Castlehaven and Bearhaven castle, on condition they could carry away their arms, artillery, ammunition and treasure, and be provided with shipping and victuals if they paid.

Kinsale granted customs for town wall construction

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1381

The king granted the provost and commons of Kinsale the keeping of small customs on all merchandise carried by sea outside the port, to fund building a wall around the town. This was needed because burgesses and inhabitants had suffered heavy insults from Spanish enemies.

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28. — The king granted to the provost and commons of Kinsale, the keeping of the small customs of all merchandizes, which were carried by sea outside the port, in order to defray the expenses of building a w^all round the town, which was considered necessary, in consequence of the burgesses and inhabitants having suffered heavy insults from Spanish enemies. The sheriff" of Cork was, at the same time commanded to permit them to dispose of the same.
Feb. 3. — John Bryt and Richard Wynchedon, were appointed to receive, from Sir Philip Fitz-William de Barry, and to dispose of for the advantage of the king, 1000 cows, which he was to receive from Richard Oge Barrett and William his son, and others, as fines for different seditions.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 51

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, down in Cork, is a town with a wall in its past. In 1381, the king granted the provost and commons of Kinsale the keeping of the small customs on all merchandise carried by sea outside the port. The money was to pay for building a wall around the town. That wall was needed because the burgesses and inhabitants had suffered heavy insults from Spanish enemies. At the same time, the sheriff of Cork was commanded to permit them to dispose of those customs. So the people of Kinsale were allowed to collect the duties themselves and spend them on fortifying their town against the threat from Spain.

Labouring man died near Cork ovens aged 127

Cork · city · Cork · 1767

A poor labouring man died near the ovens at the age of 127 years. He had walked four miles shortly before his death without a stick, could see without spectacles, and retained his senses and appetite to the last, being followed to the grave by descendants to the seventh generation.

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8. — A poor labouring man died near the ovens at the age of 127 years, he walked a short time before he died four miles without the help of a stick or crutch, could see without spectacles, retained his senses and appetite to the last, and was followed to the grave by his descendants to the seventh generation.
12. — The frost continued and with such severity, that the poor tradesmen and manufacturers were entirely idle, not being able to follow their occupations. For want of something better to do, many resorted to the lough to amuse themselves by skaiting.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 106

As the companion tells it

Cork has a story from 1767. A poor labouring man died near the ovens here at the age of 127 years. A short time before he died he walked four miles without the help of a stick or crutch. He could see without spectacles. He retained his senses and his appetite to the last. He was followed to the grave by his descendants to the seventh generation.

Lightning splits flag-staff at Kinsale fort

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1751

A violent thunderstorm with lightning struck Kinsale fort, splitting the flag-staff. Balls of fire were seen running along the ramparts during the storm.

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Mar. 1. — There was a violent peal of thunder heard at Kinsale, attended with lightning, which split the flag-stafi" at the fort. Several balls of fii"e were at the same time seen to run along the ramparts.
^iig. — Benjamin Bonworth, the city gaoler, was fined £40, and ordered to be imprisoned until it was paid, for not having done his duty in burning one Timothy Bourke on the hand with a hot iron, as he was directed; it being a cold one he made use of.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 100

As the companion tells it

On the first of March, 1751, Kinsale was hit by a violent peal of thunder. Lightning split the flag-staff at the fort. At the same time, several balls of fire were seen running along the ramparts.

Lord Lieutenant arrives at Mitchelstown

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork · 1790

On October 20, 1790, the Lord Lieutenant arrived at Mitchelstown. The high sheriff and town clerk of Cork waited on him there to invite him to dine with the mayor and corporation, and he conferred knighthood on Henry Browne Hayes.

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Oct. 20. — His excellency the lord lieutenant arrived at Mitchelstown, and on the following day the high sheriff and town clerk of Cork, waited on him, to request the honor of his dining with the mayor and corporation. He accepted the invitation and conferred the honour of knighthood on Heniy Browne Hayes, one of the sheriffs. On the 25th, his excellency and suite arrived in Cork, having been met a little before two o'clock at some distance from, and escorted to town, by a troop of cavalry then quartered here. The streets from the new bridge, along St. Patrick street, the Grand Parade, and as far as the bishop's palace, where his excellency and suite lodged, were lined by the troops, and .soon
204 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 130

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Mitchelstown, on the 20th of October 1790, the Lord Lieutenant arrived. The next day the high sheriff and town clerk of Cork waited on him to request the honour of his dining with the mayor and corporation. He accepted, and conferred the honour of knighthood on Henry Browne Hayes, one of the sheriffs. On the 25th, the Lord Lieutenant and his suite arrived in Cork, met a little before 2 o'clock at some distance from the town and escorted in by a troop of cavalry then quartered there. The streets from the new bridge, along Saint Patrick's Street, the Grand Parade, and as far as the bishop's palace, where his excellency and his suite lodged, were lined by the troops.

Lord Roche extorts estates in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1578

Lord Roche kept a freeholder in irons until he surrendered all his estate of eight plowlands except half a plowland. He then extorted as much on that remaining half plowland as on any other in his country.

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Sir William Dniry, who was this year appointed lord justice 1573 of Ireland, came into this province, attended by Sir Edward Fitton and others of the privy council. On the 20th November they wrote to queen Elizabeth, to shew the necessity of continuing a lord president in Munster ; for upon the suspension of this office, the Irish lords began to commit violence, particularly lord Roche who kept a freeholder in irons, who was possessed of an estate of eight plowlands, until he gave all up, except one half plowland, and when he complied with that demand, he extorted as much upon that plowland as he did upon any other in his country,
IMathew Sheyne, bishop of this See, publicly burned the image of Saint Dominick, at the high cross of Cork, to the great grief of the superstitious Irish of that place. This image belonged to the Dominican abbey.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 65

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1573, was a place where Irish lords had begun to commit violence once the office of lord president in Munster was suspended. Lord Roche was among them. He took a freeholder who held an estate of eight plowlands and kept him in irons until the man surrendered everything he had, all except half a plowland. And when the freeholder gave in, Lord Roche extorted from him as much on that remaining half plowland as he did on any other plowland in his country. Sir William Dniry, appointed lord justice of Ireland that year, came into this province attended by Sir Edward Fitton and others of the privy council. On the 20th of November they wrote to Queen Elizabeth to show the necessity of continuing a lord president in Munster, for the violence had followed hard upon the suspension of that office.

Man falls into hole in Clothier's Lane, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1783

A person passing through Clothier's Lane fell into a hole made to repair water pipes and broke his leg, an event which amused unfeeling spectators.

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£1000 was granted towards the improvement of Cork harbour. 1783 Jan. 7. — A person passing through Clothier's lane fell into a
hole made to repair the water pipes, by which accident he broke his leg. This melancholy event offered an unusual share of amusement to an unfeeling set of spectators.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 124

As the companion tells it

In 1783, a man walking through Clothier's Lane in Cork fell into a hole made to repair the water pipes, and broke his leg. The record calls it a melancholy event, but says the spectators found an unusual share of amusement in what they saw.

New road towards Ballyhooly sparks Cork hill suburb

Ballyhooly · town · Cork · 1827

About ten years before publication, a new road towards Ballyhooly gave a more practicable passage up the hill above St. Patrick's Bridge, opening building ground. A well-built suburb faced with Roman cement and a Gothic chapel of ease arose for the numerous population.

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In the year 1689 was erected St. Patrick's bridge, opening a convenient passage to this remarkable outlet. This bridge joins the marshy part of the city to the foot of a high and precipitous hill, up v/hich the street proceeds directly from the bridge and soon becomes too steep for any but pedestrians ; but from the lower part, roads branch off towards the east, affording easy ascents to lofty situations commanding bird's-eye views of the well known magnificent scenery of the river Lee. From the spread of improvement along its banks, the scenery has become so beautiful, that the citizens have imbibed an ardent taste for the enjoyment of fine prospects, and a house and garden on this hill are chief objects of ambition among all classes. This taste has long prevailed, but it received its chief impulse about ten years ago, when the new road towards Ballyhooly gave a new and more practicable passage up the hill, and brought into use as building ground a large space along its course. Since that period, a sort of Irish Clifton has sprung up. The houses are well built and faced with Roman cement, and a chapel of ease in the Gothic style with a handsome spire has been erected for the numerous population here congregated. The view of this rising suburb and the rest of the hill beyond it to the east, ■which has long been graced with fine mansion residences, is best seen from the navigation wall, a beautiful walk which strangers are not likely to find in their casual rambles.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 37

As the companion tells it

Ballyhooly is a town the road passes near, and about ten years ago a new road towards it changed the face of the hill above St. Patrick's Bridge. That bridge was put up in 1689, joining the marshy ground of the city to the foot of a high, steep hill. The street runs straight up from the bridge, but soon becomes too steep for anything but walking. Roads branch off towards the east from the lower part, giving easier climbs to high ground that looks out over the river Lee. The citizens had long taken a strong liking to fine prospects. A house and garden on this hill became a chief ambition among all classes. That taste got its chief impulse when the new road towards Ballyhooly opened a more practicable passage up the hill and brought a large stretch of building ground into use along its course. Since then, a sort of Irish Clifton has sprung up. The houses are well built and faced with Roman cement. A chapel of ease in the Gothic style, with a handsome spire, has been erected for the numerous population gathered there. Beyond this rising suburb to the east, the hill has long been graced with fine mansion residences. The best view of it all is from the navigation wall, a beautiful walk that strangers are not likely to find on their casual rambles.

Rock collapse damages road to Sunday's Well, Cork

near Sunday's Well · population centre · Cork · 1775

A violent south-west storm caused part of a rock to give way, making a large breach in the road to Sunday's Well. No persons were passing at the time, averting deaths on the immense precipice.

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Jan 25— During a violent storm at S. W. which did considerable damage, a large breach was made in the road to Sunday's-well by part of the rock giving way. Providentially no persons were passing at the time, otherwise they would have been flung down an immense precipice and dashed to pieces.
Feb. 26. — A soldier, one of the drafts who lately arrived here, was set upon by some inhuman blood-thirsty persons, who stabbed him in several parts of his body as he was passing quietly through the Main-street.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 116

As the companion tells it

Near Sunday's Well, on the 25th of January 1775, a violent storm did considerable damage. Part of the rock gave way and made a large breach in the road. No persons were passing at the time. The record says otherwise they would have been flung down an immense precipice and dashed to pieces.

Seamen strike for wages in Cork harbour

Cork · city · Cork · 1768

A number of seamen belonging to merchant ships in Cork harbour turned out for an advance of wages, parading round the streets and quays with music and a flag.

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Juhi 11. — A nvimbor of seamen, belonging to the merchant A.D. ships iu the harbour, having turned out lor an advance ot wages, paraded round the streets and quays with music playing, and a flag flying before them.
22.— This day the town clerk waited on the honorable Richard Barry, the honorable Arthur Barry, and the honorable John Smith Barr}'^, and presented eachof them with the freedom of this city in an elegant chased silver box.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 109

As the companion tells it

In Cork, in 1768, on July 11, seamen from the merchant ships in the harbour turned out for an advance of wages. They paraded round the streets and quays with music playing and a flag flying before them. On the 22nd, the town clerk waited on the Honourable Richard Barry, the Honourable Arthur Barry, and the Honourable John Smith Barry, presenting each with the freedom of the city in an elegant chased silver box.

Siege of Cork damage visible at Barrack-hill fort

Barrack Hill · street · Cork · 1690

During the siege of Cork by the Duke of Marlborough, the fort at Barrack-hill was battered from Catfort. The effects of the duke's cannon could still be seen along the lower part of the bastion at the time of writing.

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In the year 1686, the Irish protestants being terrified by the conduct of the government, many of them transferred their residence to England. Of those who remained, some were enrolled in the new corporations, as remodelled by James II. in 1689, and constituted a third part of those bodies. King James, however, and all his proceedings, were soon overturned, and the former system restored, but not without great losses to many of the citizens, partly by the temporary sequestration of their estates, and partly, no doubt, by the destruction of houses during the seige of Cork, by the duke of Marlborough. The effect of the duke's cannon may still be seen along the lower part of the bastion of the fort at Barrack-hill, which was battered from Catfort.
In succeeding times, notwithstanding the wide diffusion of the franchise, the council, or board of aldermen, contrived to engross all power to themselves. The form of choosing the mayors was thus : twelve of the council, with one of the sheriffs, went hito the castle, called Cork castle, (then standing) and there nominated threef of the burgesses (the candidates) to the freemen, in court of d'oyer hundred, who were to choose one of the

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

This is Barrack Hill in Cork, where a fort stood that was battered during the siege of the city. In 1686, the Irish Protestants, terrified by the conduct of the government, left for England in great numbers. Those who stayed were enrolled in the new corporations remodelled by James II in 1689, making up a third of those bodies. King James and all his proceedings were soon overturned, and the former system restored, but not without great losses to many of the citizens. Some of those losses came from the temporary sequestration of their estates, and some no doubt from the destruction of houses during the siege of Cork by the Duke of Marlborough. The effect of the duke's cannon could still be seen along the lower part of the bastion of the fort at Barrack-hill, which was battered from Catfort. In succeeding times, the council, or board of aldermen, contrived to engross all power to themselves, notwithstanding the wide diffusion of the franchise. The form of choosing the mayors was thus: twelve of the council, with one of the sheriffs, went into Cork castle, then standing, and there nominated three of the burgesses to the freemen, in court of d'oyer hundred.

Skiddy's Castle in Cork city property roll

Cork · city · Cork · 1445

A medieval Cork city property roll lists numerous houses and their tax valuations, including Skiddy's Castle. The editor notes the castle was not built until 1445, creating a dating puzzle since Sir William Betham attributed the manuscript to the reign of Richard II or Henry IV (1377–1413).

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• This Roll which is in the pos=ession of Mr. Jnmes Roche, of Cork, has no d.ite ; Sir \i'm- Betham is of opinion that the manuscript belongs to the reign of Richarti the Second or Henry the Fourth. Yet we find, Skiddy's Castle (which was not built 'till 1-J4J, luenuoned in it. We print the word* uncontracted.
280

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 166

As the companion tells it

Cork keeps an old city property roll with no date on it. Sir William Betham thought the manuscript belonged to the reign of Richard the Second or Henry the Fourth. Yet the roll mentions Skiddy's Castle, which was not built until 1445, after both those reigns. The puzzle stays.

Society for relief of small-debt prisoners founded in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1774

Henry Sheares founded a society in Cork for the relief and discharge of persons confined for small debts, addressing the problem of imprisonment for minor obligations.

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June 17. — The society for the relief and discharge of persons confined for small debts, was founded by Henry Sheares, esq.
26. — A man was committed to North gaol, (under the provisions of an act to prevent chalking, which had been passed but a few days before,) for cutting a man in Fair-lane.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 115

As the companion tells it

In 1774, Cork saw the founding of a society for the relief and discharge of persons confined for small debts. Henry Sheares established it on the 17th of June. Days later, on the 26th, a man was committed to North gaol for cutting a man in Fair-lane, under a newly passed act to prevent chalking.

Spinning school for poor children founded in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1809

A spinning school was established in Cork city, admitting twenty-four poor children without distinction of religious persuasion. The school aimed to provide practical trade skills to impoverished youth.

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jlpr'd 20 — A spinning school was established in this city, into which twenty-four poor children were admitted, without distinction of religious persuasion.
May 21 — The common council of this city deliberated upon an application, made to them by the Dean and Chapter of Cork, to grant the castle of I31ackrock for a church : the result was that the application was refused.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 160

As the companion tells it

In 1809, a spinning school was established in Cork, into which twenty-four poor children were admitted, without distinction of religious persuasion. The school aimed to give poor children a practical trade. That is what the record tells us.

The Lough and St. Finbarr's Cathedral, Cork

The Lough · electoral division · Cork

The south-west suburb of Cork lies about one hundred yards from a small lake called 'the lough.' On a rising ground in the same quarter stands the cathedral church of St. Finbarr, near both the lough and the river Lee.

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The principal towns of Ireland were founded by the Danes or Ostmen ; we may suspect that others had a similar origin from their hostility towards the inhabitants of the country, which seems to have been transmitted to them from the earliest times. We are told that the city of Cork was a marshy island, which the Danes took possession of, and surrounded with walls ; l)ut it is also asserted that it took its rise from a school or monastery established by saint Finbarr, at lough Eire, in the sixth century,* to which such numbers flocked from all parts, that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. The south-west suburb of Cork is at present only about one hundred yards distant from a small lake called "the lough"'; and in the same quarter of the city, on a rising ground, stands the cathedral church of saint Finbarr, at no great distance from the lough, and very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city. The vicinity of a number of marshy islands
* St. Nessau who was educated at this school under St. Finbarr, died according to the annals of the four masters in 551. Ware tells us that St. Colman, whose father Lenin was a discii)le of Finbarr, died in 604. These dates seem to agree pretty accurately as to the time when St. Finbarr flourished. Yet Ware in another place says, that he founded the cathedral of Cork in the early part of the 7th century — a date which we may fairly reject as many years too late.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

The Lough is a part of Cork you pass through, where a small lake gives the place its name. In the same quarter, on rising ground, stands the cathedral church of Saint Finbarr, near both the lake and the river Lee, which runs around the flat part of the city. The story of how Cork began runs two ways. One tells of a marshy island that the Danes took possession of and surrounded with walls. The other says the city rose from a school or monastery established by Saint Finbarr at Lough Eire in the sixth century, and that such numbers flocked there from all parts that it changed what was a desert into a large city. A few dates survive. Saint Nessau was educated at this school under Saint Finbarr, and the Annals of the Four Masters record his death in 551. Saint Colman, whose father Lenin was a disciple of Finbarr, died in 604. Ware gives these dates as fixing the time when Saint Finbarr flourished. Yet Ware also says elsewhere that Finbarr founded the cathedral of Cork in the early part of the 7th century, and this the record rejects as many years too late.

Thomas Moyser bailed from Holy Trinity church, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1377

The mayor and bailiffs of Cork were commanded to permit Thomas Moyser, who had wounded William Ryston, to go at large on bail from the church of the Holy Trinity, to which he had fled for refuge.

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Jul^ 11. — The mayor and bailiffs were commanded to permit Thomas Moyser, who had wounded William Ryston, to go at large on bail, from the church of the Holy Trinity, to which he had fled for refuge.
July 16. — John Warner was sheriff of the county.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 49

As the companion tells it

In Cork, in 1377, Thomas Moyser wounded William Ryston and fled to the church of the Holy Trinity for refuge. On July 11 the mayor and bailiffs were commanded to permit him to go at large on bail.

Troops sent to Cloyne and Kinsale over Whiteboy outrages

Cloyne · town · Cork · 1766

On February 24, 1766, a company of the 26th regiment marched to Cloyne following reports of Whiteboy outrages, and a company of the Royal Scotch was ordered from Kinsale.

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24. — A company of the 26th regiment marched to Cloyne, where it was reported the white boys had committed some outrages, a company of the royal Scotch were also ordered from Kinsale.
A gentleman walked for a wager from Cork to Youghal and back in sixteen hours and a half.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 104

As the companion tells it

Cloyne, in County Cork. On the 24th of February, 1766, a company of the 26th regiment marched here. It was reported that the Whiteboys had committed some outrages. A company of the Royal Scotch was also ordered from Kinsale.

Violent 1751 corporate election in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1751

The 1751 election of corporate officers in Cork city lasted two days with parties nearly balanced and the contest described as very violent. The club claimed victory at an alleged expense of £1000, with the first day devoted to choosing the commons speaker and the second to magistrates.

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On the election of corporate officers in the year 1751, parties were nearly balanced and the contest v^as very violent. The election lasted two days. The first was occupied with the choice of the commons speaker ; the second with that of the magistrates. The victory was gained by the club at an expense (as their opponent asserts) of £1000. A parliamentary election quickly followed, and though on this occasion the freeholders were a portion of the constituency, the club took a prominent part in the transaction, and with so much zeal, that one of its leading members was said to have offered £500 for the encouragement of a subscription in support of its interest. Mr. Thomas Newenham of Coolmore, was put forward by Mr. Boyle, and supported by his influence ; his competitor was Mr. Henry Cavendish, supported by the friendly club. On this occasion we find the state of affairs thus described by a partisan of Mr.
• Rigtitk of the freemen, pp. G, 27. fib. p. 30.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 30

As the companion tells it

Cork was the scene of a violent corporate election in 1751. The contest for corporate officers lasted two days, with parties nearly balanced. The first day was given over to choosing the commons speaker, the second to electing the magistrates. The club claimed the victory, though their opponents put the cost at £1000. A parliamentary election followed quickly after. This time the freeholders formed part of the constituency, but the club took a prominent part again, with such zeal that one of its leading members was said to have offered £500 to encourage a subscription in support of its interest. Mr. Thomas Newenham of Coolmore was put forward by Mr. Boyle and supported by his influence. His competitor was Mr. Henry Cavendish, supported by the friendly club. A partisan of Mr. Cavendish described the state of affairs at the time, though the record breaks off before giving his words.

Youghal barrack blown up by gunpowder explosion

Youghal · town · Cork · 1793

Part of the barrack at Youghal was destroyed by the explosion of two casks of gunpowder. Several soldiers and other persons were much injured in the accident.

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Sept. 4. — Part of the barrack at Youghal was blown up by the explosion of two casks of gunpowder, by which accident several soldiers and other persons were much injured.
Nov. 18. — Colonel Bernard obtained permission to raise a regiment of infantry, to consist of 654 men, including non-commissioned officers : Sir William Clarke was appointed major.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 131

As the companion tells it

Youghal, in County Cork. On the 4th of September, 1793, part of the barrack here was blown up by the explosion of two casks of gunpowder. Several soldiers and other persons were much injured in the accident.

Chimney fire near the magazine in Brown's Lane

Cork · city · Cork · 1777

A chimney fire broke out in Brown's Lane, within nine houses of the powder magazine, burning furiously for over two hours. The blaze could be seen four feet above the chimney.

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Feb. 2. — Between three and four o'clock this morning, a chimney took fire in Brown's lane, within nine houses of the magazine: it burned furiously for upwards of two hours ; the blaze could be seen four feet above the chimney,
18. — Richard Townsend, John Townsend, Samuel Jervois and Daniel Callaghan, magistrates, with several gentlemen of the county and their servants, well mounted and armed, set out at two o'clock in the morning to the mountains above Bantry, in the neighbourhood of Murdering glin and Glaunbannoul, where they apprehended several persons, charged with cutting off the ears of a horse.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 119

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1777, had a fright. On the 2nd of February, between three and four in the morning, a chimney caught fire in Brown's Lane. It was within nine houses of the powder magazine. It burned furiously for upwards of two hours, and the blaze could be seen four feet above the chimney. A fire that close to a store of powder, burning that long, must have kept the whole lane awake and afraid.

Servants arrested at genteel club house in George's Street

George's Street · street · Cork · 1786

A number of servants of Cork's principal gentlemen were arrested by constables at a club house in George's Street. The establishment had reached such respectability that printed invitation cards were issued for meetings.

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16. — A number of servants of the principal gentleman in this city were taken by the constables and peace officers in a club
1787

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 126

As the companion tells it

In 1787, servants of the principal gentleman in Cork were taken by constables and peace officers at a club house in George's Street. The establishment had grown so respectable that printed invitation cards were issued for meetings.

Armagh deemed too remote for new Elizabethan law

near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1585

The writ of conge d'elire abolished by the 2nd parliament of Elizabeth was not imagined to apply to so remote a place as Armagh. The election of primate was postponed due to the absence of several chapter members.

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force in those places. It seems veiy probable that a similar exemption was loosely attributed to remote counties when unrepresented, and that many laws expressed generally, were intended only for the pale. Thus, though the writ of conge d' elire was abolished by the parliament of the 2d of Elizabeth, it was not imagined that the new law could apply to so remote a place as Armagh ; for the election of pnmate, which soon followed, was obliged to be post-poned on account of the absence of several of the chapter. A similar understanding probably prevailed with regard to the penal laws which were enacted by the same parliament, and which at the time of their enactment it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to enforce at a distance from the pale. Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in that parliament. However, after the lapse of some years and a change of circumstances, this distinction, if ever it existed, was forgotten, and the penalties of the law were vmhesitatingly enforced, wherever it was found practicable.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Armagh, in 1585, was considered too remote for the reach of new Elizabethan law. The parliament of the second of Elizabeth had abolished the writ of conge d'elire, but no one imagined the new law could apply to so remote a place as this. The election of primate, which soon followed, had to be postponed because several of the chapter were absent. A similar understanding probably prevailed with regard to the penal laws enacted by that same parliament. At the time of their enactment it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to enforce them at a distance from the Pale. Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in that parliament. After the lapse of some years and a change of circumstances, this distinction, if it ever existed, was forgotten, and the penalties of the law were unhesitatingly enforced wherever it was found practicable.

Bishop of Cork fined over escaped felon

Cork · city · Cork · 1335

The Bishop of Cork became liable for 100 shillings after a felon named John Fitz John Martel escaped from prison. It was later stated the felon was killed by the gaoler while attempting to break out, and the fine was remitted.

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A''ov. 18. — John, Bishop of Cork, became liable to the king, for 1335 one hundred shillings, in consequence of the escape of John Fitz John IMartel, a felon, who (according to the justice's report,) being a literate person, had been given into his care. It was afterwards stated however, that he had never been given into the bishop's care, but was killed by the gaoler, on attempting to break out of the prison, in consequence of which, and of the bishop's having done good service in allaying disturbances in the county at a former period, the fine was remitted.
Jan. 1. — Robert de Caun ton, knight, was paid one hundred 133G shillings, for keeping the person of Guydo deCaunton, a felon and rebel, lately taken near Cork, and for bringing him from Cork to the castle of Dublin.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

Cork, a city the road passes through. In 1335, John, Bishop of Cork, became liable to the king for 100 shillings, after a felon named John Fitz John Martel escaped from prison. The justice's report said Martel was a literate person and had been given into the bishop's care. It was afterwards stated, however, that he had never been given into the bishop's care at all. He was killed by the gaoler on attempting to break out of the prison. In consequence of that, and because the bishop had done good service in allaying disturbances in the county at a former period, the fine was remitted.

Blarney and Kilcrea castles built by MacCarthy

near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1400–1499

MacCarthy built Kilcrea and Blarney castles in the fifteenth century, and their towers remain perfect. Blarney is a quadrangle of sixty-five by thirty-nine feet and about eighty feet high with projecting machicolated battlements, but it is almost as ill-provided with air and light as the smallest tower.

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Some of the great lords however had castles of much larger size; MacCarthy huilt Kilcrea and Blarney castles in the fifteenth century. The towers of these remain perfect; the latter is a quadrangle of sixty- five feet by thirty-nine, and about eighty feet high, with projecting machicolated battlements; but it is almost as ill provided with air and light as the smallest; all the loop-holes are very narrow, and a small window was admitted at only one side, which stands on the brink of a precipice. The other fortifications of this castle were destroyed by king William's army. It is stated in Pacata Hibernia, that its walls were eighteen feet thick; but these may have been ramparts.
We may presume that the ballium or bawn was formerly an appendage, or rather an essential part of every castle ; but from the disappearance of the bawns of many, it seems probable that they were often slightly built, particularly if the tower itself were strong; perhaps indeed they were often mere earthworks, within which cattle might be driven for safety, the tower (if strong) beingrelied on for the final defence of the garrison : at least we know that it was not unusual to form earthworks round villages, for the protection of cattle. ^'-^ In the ruined tower at Keen, opposite Castle-Townsend, there is a very curious contrivance for annoying assailants who might come so close as to be secure from the shot of the loopholes ; there is a gradual depression in the wall, commencing about five feet from the ground, and shaped like a vertical angle, the vertex opening into the second room of the tower, by a hole at the first vault, through which men at arms in that room could annoy all persons close to the walls.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Blarney, MacCarthy built two castles in the fifteenth century, Kilcrea and Blarney. The towers of these remain perfect. Blarney is a quadrangle of 65 feet by 39, and about 80 feet high, with projecting machicolated battlements. For all its size, it is almost as ill-provided with air and light as the smallest tower. All the loop-holes are very narrow, and a small window was admitted at only one side, which stands on the brink of a precipice. The other fortifications of this castle were destroyed by King William's army. It is stated in Pacata Hibernia that its walls were 18 feet thick, but these may have been ramparts. We may presume that the bawn, or ballium, was formerly an essential part of every castle. From the disappearance of the bawns of many, it seems probable that they were often slightly built, particularly if the tower itself were strong. Perhaps indeed they were often mere earthworks, within which cattle might be driven for safety, the tower being relied on for the final defence of the garrison. At least it was not unusual to form earthworks round villages, for the protection of cattle. In the ruined tower at Keen, opposite Castle-Townsend, there is a curious contrivance for annoying assailants who might come so close as to be secure from the shot of the loopholes. A gradual depression in the wall commences about 5 feet from the ground, shaped like a vertical angle. The vertex opens into the second room of the tower by a hole at the first vault, through which men at arms in that room could annoy all persons close to the walls.

Carew castles at Ballycrenane and Garryvoe and ancient tomb-stone

Garryvoe · parish · Cork

Smith records that the castles of Ballycrenane and Garryvoe were built by the Carew family. The church of Garryvoe contained an ancient Carew family tomb-stone, though by Smith's time the inscription was no longer legible.

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A.D. evidences, dated 27th November 1653, is copied a certificate without date or signature, stating, that at the enemies last being in this barony, on the '''■Isi of this monthj^ among the rest of their plundering, burning and preying, John Carewof Garivoc, esq. had been at the loss of £200 worth of corn, besides two goodly thatched houses, all burned on the lands of Ballyknockane, near Ballymartyr, and that all his tenants' corn and houses there had been also burned, and their cattle carried away by the said party. On the 18th April 1661, this John Carew petitioned the king, stating that he had no hand in the plunders, &c. against the protestants in 1641, or afterwards, having lived under the protection of the English gaiTisons, and that for no other cause but his religion and loyalty, he was "expulsed" out of his estate and possessions, disclaiming any concurrence in the decree for reprisals, or any entry upon thematLoughrea, and demanding his former possessions. On the 16th Jvdy 1661, the king, by sign manual, ordered them to be restored; but this v/as never done, nor does he appear to have obtained the reprisals at Loughrea. He was son of Sir Robert Carew of Garivoe, knight, who was son of John Carew, of the same place. Smith says that the castles of Ballycrenane and Garivoe were built by the Carews, and that in the church of Garivoe, there was in his time, an ancient tomb-stone of this family, but the inscription was not legible. On the 5th July 1779, the Rev. John Russel Carew of Cork, a protestant clergyman, inserted an advertisement in Bagnell's Cork newspaper, stating that some advertisements had lately appeared relative to Garivoe, part of the ancient estate of his great great grandfather Sir Robert Carew, and his ancestors ; that he had found king Charles II's letter, ordering the restoration of his estates, and that he intended applying to the court of chancery for redress. 1552 All the Roman Catholic inhabitants were tm-ned out of the

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 84

As the companion tells it

The parish of Garryvoe in Cork was the seat of the Carew family for generations. John Carew of Garryvoe was son of Sir Robert Carew, knight, who was himself son of another John Carew of the same place. Smith records that the Carews built the castles of Ballycrenane and Garryvoe, and that the church of Garryvoe held an ancient Carew tomb-stone, though by Smith's time the inscription was no longer legible. In November 1653 a certificate, copied among dated evidences, told what happened when the enemies last came through this barony. John Carew lost 200 pounds worth of corn and two thatched houses, all burned on the lands of Ballyknockane near Ballymartyr. His tenants' corn and houses were also burned, and their cattle carried away. On the 18th of April 1661, John Carew petitioned the king. He stated that he had no hand in the plundering against the protestants in 1641 or afterwards, having lived under the protection of the English garrisons. He said that for no other cause but his religion and loyalty he was, in his word, "expulsed" out of his estate and possessions. He disclaimed any concurrence in the decree for reprisals or any entry upon them at Loughrea, and demanded his former possessions. On the 16th of July 1661, the king, by sign manual, ordered them to be restored. But this was never done, and he does not appear to have obtained the reprisals at Loughrea. Over a century later, on the 5th of July 1779, the Reverend John Russel Carew of Cork, a protestant clergyman, placed an advertisement in Bagnell's Cork newspaper. He said that some advertisements had lately appeared concerning Garryvoe, part of the ancient estate of his great great grandfather Sir Robert Carew and his ancestors. He had found King Charles the Second's letter ordering the restoration of his estates, and he intended to apply to the court of chancery for redress.

Cork citizens freed from murage accounts; arms ban for strangers

Cork · city · Cork · 1318

The king freed Cork's mayor, bailiffs and commonalty from accounting for murage taken, empowered them to arrest convicted debtors, and ordered that no stranger should carry arms in the city against the citizens' will.

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The king freed the mayor, bailiffs and commonalty of the city of Cork, from giving an account of the murage, hitherto taken by them in the city, and also from paying for the guaging of wine, except as hitherto ; and gave them power to arrest all convicted of debt before them, until they should make satisfaction, as was accustomed in past time ; and ordered that no stranger shouki carry arms in the city, against the will of the citizens.
Jan. 21 — -The serjeancy of Olethan and Imokilly was granted to Reginald Russel and Margaret his wife, to be held in the form, granted by Edward I. to Thomas Fitz-Maurice and said Margaret,

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 45

As the companion tells it

In 1318, the king freed the mayor, bailiffs and commonalty of Cork from accounting for the murage they had taken in the city, and from paying for the gauging of wine, except as hitherto. He gave them power to arrest all convicted of debt before them, until they should make satisfaction, as was accustomed in past time. And he ordered that no stranger should carry arms in the city, against the will of the citizens.

Cork Commercial Buildings completed

Cork · city · Cork · 1813

On August 22, 1813, the Commercial Buildings in Cork were completed and opened free to the public until September 29. The building was designed by Thomas Deane and built by a proprietary of 129 shareholders of £100 each, incorporated by charter.

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. A.D. Aug. 22. — The commercial buildings were finished; they were free to the public until the 29th September, when subscriptions commenced. This building was from a design by Thomas Deane, Esq. and was built by a proprietary of 129 shareholders of £100 each, incorporated by charter in the 48th year ofthe reign of George III.
Oct. 18. — The common council voted the freedom of this city in a silver box, to Abraham Bradley King, Esq. late lord mayor of Dublin.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 149

As the companion tells it

The city of Cork saw its Commercial Buildings finished on August 22, 1813. They were free to the public until September 29, when subscriptions began. Thomas Deane designed the building. A proprietary of 129 shareholders built it, each holding £100, incorporated by charter in the 48th year of George III's reign.

Cork devastated by MacCartys; De Cogan and Fitzstephen pilgrimage to Aghadoe

Aghadoe · parish · Kerry · 1177

Cork was devastated by the MacCartys but subsequently subdued by De Cogan and Fitzstephen. After the destructive consequences of asserting their grant, they went on pilgrimage to the cathedral of Aghadoe, spending two nights in prayer and penitence.

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Cork WIS devestated by the Mac Cartys, but subsequently subdued by the above mentioned De Cogan and Fitzstephen, who after tlie destructive consequences which their grant and its assertion entailed, proceeded on a pilgrimage to the romantically situated cathedral of Aghadoe, where they sojourned two nights in prayer and penitence.
About this time Dermod M'Carty's son Cormac, rebelled against his father, and, having taken him prisoner, used him barbarously. Raymond le Gros, who was then at Limerick, at the request of the old king, marched to his relief, vanquished the rebellious son, and delivered him up to his father, who unnaturally smote off his head ; but not long after was himself slain by the men of Cork, at a parley not far from the town, when most of his company were also slain. For the service which Raymond rendered, a large territory in the county of Kerry (then reckoned part of the kingdom of Cork) was granted to him, where he settled his son Maurice, who married Catherine, daughter to Milo de Cogan, and there grew so powerful that he gave his name both to his posterity, and to a barony in the county ; the former being called from him Fitz Maurice (of whose family the Earls of Kerry were descended) ; and the latter Clanmaurice.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

The parish of Aghadoe holds the ruins of a cathedral where two men came to do penance in 1177. Cork had been devastated by the MacCartys, and De Cogan and Fitzstephen subdued it, but the destruction their grant and its assertion entailed weighed on them. They came here on pilgrimage and sojourned two nights in prayer and penitence. Around this same time Cormac, son of Dermod MacCartys, rebelled against his father and took him prisoner and used him barbarously. Raymond le Gros, then at Limerick, marched to relieve the old king at his request. He vanquished the rebellious son and delivered him up to his father, who unnaturally smote off his head. Not long after, the father himself was slain by the men of Cork at a parley not far from the town, and most of his company were slain also. For this service Raymond was granted a large territory in Kerry, then reckoned part of the kingdom of Cork. He settled his son Maurice there, who married Catherine, daughter of Milo de Cogan. Maurice grew so powerful he gave his name to his posterity and to a barony: the family called Fitz Maurice, from whom the Earls of Kerry descended, and the barony called Clanmaurice.

Cork unrepresented in Elizabeth's 2nd parliament

Cork · city · Cork · 1585

Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in the parliament of the 2nd of Elizabeth, which enacted penal laws. At the time, it was loosely understood that laws expressed generally were intended only for the Pale, but this distinction was later forgotten and penalties were enforced wherever practicable.

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force in those places. It seems veiy probable that a similar exemption was loosely attributed to remote counties when unrepresented, and that many laws expressed generally, were intended only for the pale. Thus, though the writ of conge d' elire was abolished by the parliament of the 2d of Elizabeth, it was not imagined that the new law could apply to so remote a place as Armagh ; for the election of pnmate, which soon followed, was obliged to be post-poned on account of the absence of several of the chapter. A similar understanding probably prevailed with regard to the penal laws which were enacted by the same parliament, and which at the time of their enactment it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to enforce at a distance from the pale. Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in that parliament. However, after the lapse of some years and a change of circumstances, this distinction, if ever it existed, was forgotten, and the penalties of the law were vmhesitatingly enforced, wherever it was found practicable.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

The city of Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in the second parliament of Elizabeth in 1585, the parliament that enacted penal laws. At that time, laws expressed in general terms were loosely understood to apply only to the Pale. Remote unrepresented counties were probably thought exempt. The same parliament abolished the writ of conge d'elire, yet it was not thought the new law could apply to so remote a place as Armagh. The election of primate that followed had to be postponed because several of the chapter were absent. A similar understanding probably prevailed regarding the penal laws, which would have been difficult, if not impossible, to enforce at a distance from the Pale. After some years and a change of circumstances, this distinction, if it ever existed, was forgotten, and the penalties were unhesitatingly enforced wherever it was found practicable.

Dancing and prize-fighting at Mardyke field

Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1782

There were dancing, prize-fighting, and running in bags at the Mardyke field in Cork on May 1, 1782, reflecting popular entertainments of the period.

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J\Iay 1. — There were dancing, prize-fighting and running in bags at the Mardyke field.
May 9. — Eight sailors and a boy, who had been for some time lurking about Eingskerry near Cove, ran away with a small boat and went alongside a sloop from Waterford, laden with pork, and by some means having obtained admittance on board, they rose on the crew and having secured them, sailed away with the vessel and cargo which was supposed to have been worth £2000.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 123

As the companion tells it

The Mardyke area of Cork saw a day of entertainment on the 1st of May, 1782. There were dancing, prize-fighting, and running in bags at the field, noted plainly in the annals of the county and city of Cork.

Disabled French warships brought to Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1692

Four French men of war disabled by Admiral Russel at the Battle of La Hogue were brought into Kinsale harbour by the king's ships, followed shortly by Sir George Rook's squadron.

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July 18 — Four French men of war, having been disabled by admiral Russel at the battle of La Hogue, were brought into Kinsale by the king's ships. On the 1st of August Sir George Rook arrived in the same harbour with the squadron under his command, and about 40 English and Dutch merchant ships.
J\rov. — There was a violent storm which did great damage at Cork and Kinsale. In Bantry bay a privateer of 20 guns belonging to St. Maloes, perished. 1G93 The flesh shambles of Cork were erected by the corporation, in

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 93

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, in Cork, saw the wounded of a great sea fight come into its harbour. On the 18th of July 1692, four French men of war that had been disabled by Admiral Russel at the Battle of La Hogue were brought into Kinsale by the king's ships. Two weeks later, on the 1st of August, Sir George Rook arrived in the same harbour with the squadron under his command, and about 40 English and Dutch merchant ships with him.

Doctor Tuscano exhibits opposite the Exchange

Cork · city · Cork · 1765

Doctor Tuscano, celebrated in Mr. Fitz-Adam's World, exhibited himself on a stage in the middle of the street opposite the Exchange of Cork, dispensing nostrums to those in need.

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The celebrated Doctor Tuscano, who is mentioned in Mr, Fitz-Adam's World, vol, 3, No, 115, exhibited himself on a stage in the middle of the street, opposite the Exchange of this city, where he dealt out his nosti-ums to such as stood in need of his assistance.
Sept. 2. — The corporation voted the sum of fifty pounds to each of the sheriffs, for the piu'chase of a piece of plate, to be engraved with the arms of the city, and to be inscribed " The gift of the mayor, sheriffs, and commonalty, to each of them the said sheriffs, for his good services done to the city during his sheriffship."

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 104

As the companion tells it

In 1765, Cork had a sight worth slowing for. The celebrated Doctor Tuscano, a man mentioned in Mr. Fitz-Adam's World, exhibited himself on a stage in the middle of the street, opposite the Exchange. There he dealt out his nostrums to such as stood in need of his assistance. A showman and a healer, all on a platform built where the city's business was done. Whether anyone was cured, the record does not say. What it does say is that he drew a crowd, and that his fame had reached print before it reached the street. The Exchange is gone now, but the story stays where it stood.

Famous robber Cullinane taken on Kinsale road

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1784

Cullinane, the famous robber who had long infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol.

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Nov. 16 — Cullinane, the famous robber, who had for so long a time infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol.
Feb — There was the severest frost, which had been experienced 1734 since the year 1739.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, in Cork. In November 1784, Cullinane, the famous robber, who had for a long time infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol.

Fire consumes Beamish and Crawford malt store, Mary Street, Cork

Mary Street · street · Cork

An alarming fire broke out in the malt store of Messrs. Beamish and Crawford on Mary Street in Cork, consuming the entire building. The event was noted among the city's notable incidents.

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June 1. — An alarming fire in the malt store of Messrs. Beamish and Crawford in Mary-street, which consumed the entire of that building.
8. — An architect who had been directed by the corporation to take down the corn-market, which was in a dangerous statQ, had removed a considerable part of the roof, when the projecting stone cornice, which terminated the upper pai-t of the wall, having no superincumbent weight to counteibalance the projection, fell down, at a moment when a number of persons were collected vnider it. By this accident four persons were killed, and eight or nine severely wounded.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 146

As the companion tells it

A malt store on Mary Street in Cork, belonging to Messrs. Beamish and Crawford. On the 1st of June, an alarming fire broke out there, which consumed the entire of that building. The store was lost completely. The record names the owners and the street but gives no cause for the fire, and no word of any loss of life.

Fire destroys 12 houses in Old Chapel-lane, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1808

An alarming fire in Old Chapel-lane, leading to the Watercourse in Cork city, burnt 12 houses and injured others in the effort to prevent the fire's progress.

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Oct. 16. — An alarming fire in old Chapel-lane, leading to the Watercourse, by which 12 houses were burnt, and others injured in the effort to prevent the progress of the fire.
iVow. 18. — About 5 o'clock this morning, there was a severe gale of wind ; it blew from N.N.W., and with so much violence that it tore up one of the largest trees in St. Fin Barry's churchyard; the chimneys of Col. Young's house near the artillery barracks were blown down, and falling on the roof, drove it in, and carried down the floors of the back part of the house. The ships at Cove rode out the storm, it being an oflfshore wind. 1809 Jan. 4. — The first annual meeting of the Indigent Eoom-

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

Cork has known sudden destruction. On the 16th of October 1808, an alarming fire broke out in Old Chapel-lane, the lane leading to the Watercourse. Twelve houses were burnt. Others were injured in the effort to prevent the fire's progress. That is all the record gives, but it is enough to picture a narrow lane and the fear that came with the flames.

Fire destroys 20-30 cabins in Fair-lane, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1775

A fire broke out at night in a house in Fair-lane and burnt with great violence for several hours, consuming between 20 and 30 cabins. The event highlights the densely packed, vulnerable cabin housing of the period.

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6. — A fire broke out this night in a house in Fair-lane, which burnt with great violence for some hours, whereby between 20 and 30 cabins were consumed.
July 1. — Being the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, the members of the Boyne Society walked in procession to Christ church, after which they returned to the council chamber, where a plentiful entertainment was provided for them.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

As the companion tells it

Cork, 1775. A fire broke out at night in a house in Fair-lane. It burnt with great violence for some hours. Between 20 and 30 cabins were consumed, the densely packed homes going one after another in the flames.

Flood sweeps away bridges near Macroom

Macroom · town · Cork · 1789

A letter from Macroom reported that the floods of the 17th caused great damage to public and private property in the neighbourhood. The bridges of Inchigeelagh and Crookstown, the new bridge over the Scillane near Macroom, and the quay and parapet wall on the lands of Coolcower were all swept away.

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The following is an extract of a letter from Macroom. "Great has been the damage done by the floods of the 17th in this neighbourhood, both to public and private property, the bridges of Inchigelagh and Crookstown, and the new bridge over the Scillane, near Macroom, are swept away, with the quay and. parapet wall on the lands of Coolcower.
Feh. 23. — The Play-house was illuminated with patent lamps.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 129

As the companion tells it

Macroom, in Cork, saw ruin from flood in 1789. A letter from the town told of the floods of the 17th. Great damage was done, both to public and private property. The bridges of Inchigeelagh and Crookstown were swept away. The new bridge over the Scillane, near Macroom, went too, along with the quay and parapet wall on the lands of Coolcower.

French traveller De la Boullaye le Gouz visits Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1643

M. De la Boullaye le Gouz, a French traveller, visited Cork in this year and described arriving at the house of Tam Neuel's father in the city, where he was received by a well-looking man who demanded what they wanted.

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M. De la Boullaye le Gouz, a Frenchman, who travelled in IGll Ireland in this year, in a work published at Paris in 1653 and translated by Mr. Crofton Croker in 1837, gives tlie following account of his visit to Cork. Having related how he became acquainted with an inhabitant of that city, in Dublin, named Tarn Neuel, and how he had travelled in company with him, he thus proceeds, "Having arrived atKorq, Tam Neuc^l, of whom I have before spoken, led me to his father's house. lie knocked at the door, when a well-looking man appeared, and demanded what we wanted. Tarn Neuel desired to know whether John Neuel was
90 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

In 1643, a French traveller, De la Boullaye le Gouz, visited Cork. He had met a man of this city named Tam Neuel in Dublin, and they travelled on together. When they arrived in Cork, Tam Neuel led him to his father's house and knocked at the door. A well-looking man appeared and demanded what they wanted. Tam Neuel asked whether John Neuel was there. De la Boullaye le Gouz published this account in Paris in 1653, and Crofton Croker translated it in 1837.

Gill Abbey and Cave of St. Finbarr, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1173

An abbey identified with Monasterium Ibracense was built by King Cormac and endowed by his son Dermot around 1173. Called Gill Abbey after Abbot Gillgeda, later Bishop of Cork, it stood near a cave traditionally associated with St. Finbarr.

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Sir James AVare says, It is probably the same as that which Saint A.. D. Bernard, in the life of Malachias, calls Monasterium Ibracense, built by king Cormac, and endowed by Dermot, son and successor of Coiinac, about the year 1 1 73. This abbey (the former name having been many years antiquated) was called Gille Abbey, from Gillgeda an abbot of great name there, and afterwards bishop of Cork, who died in the year 1173. Near it is a cave called in ancient MSS. the cave of St. Finbarr.
The See of Cork was vacant about this year, and then "a 1140 certain poor man who was a foreigner, (as Saint Bernard says) but a man of sanctity and learning, was, by Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, nominated bishop, and sent to that See with the approbation and applause of the clergy and people."

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

Cork carries an old abbey's memory. Sir James Ware identified it with the Monasterium Ibracense that Saint Bernard mentions in the life of Malachias, built by King Cormac and endowed by his son and successor Dermot around 1173. Its former name fell out of use, and it became known as Gill Abbey, after Gillgeda, an abbot of great reputation there who later became Bishop of Cork and died in 1173. Near the abbey stands a cave that ancient manuscripts call the cave of Saint Finbarr. Around this same time the See of Cork stood vacant, and Saint Bernard records that a poor foreigner, a man of sanctity and learning, was nominated bishop by Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, and sent to that See, in the source's words, "with the approbation and applause of the clergy and people."

Gill Abbey Castle collapses after 980 years

Cork · city · Cork · 1738

Gill-abbey castle in Cork fell down in 1738 after standing for 980 years, marking the loss of a significant ancient monument. The castle was associated with the medieval Gill Abbey site in the city.

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Gill-abbey castle fell down, after standing 980 years. 1738
May 4 — On this and the previous day was fought the famous stag match between the county and city gentlemen. The latter lost ten battles out of twelve.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

As the companion tells it

In the city of Cork, Gill Abbey Castle stood for 980 years. In 1738 it fell down. It was tied to the medieval Gill Abbey site in the city. The record notes only that the castle fell, after standing those 980 years. Its collapse marked the loss of a significant ancient monument.

Governors of Cork and Kinsale declare for parliament against army

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1654

Colonel Phaire, governor of Cork, and Colonel Saunders, governor of Kinsale, declared for the parliament against the army in 1654.

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Colonel Phaire, governor of Cork, and Colonel Saunders, 1G54 governor of Kinsale, declared for the parliament, against the army.
Several of the Irish were transplanted into Connaught; amongst iGj5 the rest, lord Kinsale M'^as ordered to retire from this province ; but he, having obtained several certificates of his good and peaceable behaviour, presented same with a petition to Cromwell, who wrote to Fleetwood in his behalf; whereupon there M'as an order of council, dated the 19th of May following, to prevent his transplantation either to Clare or Connaught, and to allow him to keep peaceable possession of his ancient inheritance in this county.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 84

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, a town on this road's path, was governed by Colonel Saunders in 1654. That year, Saunders and Colonel Phaire, governor of Cork, declared for the parliament against the army. The next year, several Irish were transplanted into Connaught. Lord Kinsale was ordered to retire from this province, but he obtained certificates of his good and peaceable behaviour and presented them with a petition to Cromwell. Cromwell wrote to Fleetwood in his behalf, and an order of council, dated the 19th of May, prevented his transplantation to Clare or Connaught, allowing him to keep peaceable possession of his ancient inheritance in this county.

Great inundation floods Cork quays

Cork · city · Cork · 1727

One of the greatest inundations known in the city occurred, with water one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays, after a south-west storm all the previous night.

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1727 March W. — There happened one of the greatest inundations known in this city before that time ; the water was one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays ; it blew a storm all the night before at S. W.
1728 This year the building of South gaol was commenced, and was finished in 1730. A wooden bridge was built on Dimscombe's marsh by alderman Crone.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 97

As the companion tells it

Cork has seen great floods, but the one in March 1727 stood out. A south-west storm blew all through the night before, and the water rose one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays. The book calls it one of the greatest inundations known in the city before that time.

Gunpowder mill explosion near Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1800

One of the mills of the gunpowder manufactory near Cork blew up. Though the explosion was felt at a considerable distance, no person was hurt and the manufactory suffered no material loss.

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8. — One of the mills of the gunpowder manufactory, near this city, blew up, but though the explosion was felt at a very considerable distance, no person was hurt, nor did the manufactory suffer any material loss or impediment to its operations, as the accident was confined to one spot.
23. — This day two French sailors and an officer were escorted into town by a detachment of the Berwick cavalry ; they were taken at Clonakilty, and belonged either to a French frigate or privateer ; they were after landing from a boat to procure fresh water.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 135

As the companion tells it

In 1800, one of the mills of the gunpowder manufactory near Cork blew up. The explosion was felt at a very considerable distance, but no person was hurt. The accident was confined to one spot, and the manufactory suffered no material loss or impediment to its operations.

Inchiquin besieges Ballymartyr, levies contributions

Ballymartle · townland · Cork · 1645

Lord Inchiquin, left without supplies by parliament, took the field with 1000 horse and 1500 foot, laid siege to Ballymartyr, and put Barrymore and Imokilly under contributions.

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May — Lord Inchiquin, being still left without supplies by the parliament, was obliged to take the field with 1000 horse and 1500 foot; with the latter he laid siege to Ballymartyr, and put Barrymorc and Imokilly under contributions. Loixl Broghill posted himself at Castlelyons, and by his judicious conduct, gained a noble victory on the lOtli of this month. Ballymartyr and Eostellan castles soon surrendered; but lord Castlehaven retook the latter, and made prisoners of colonel Henry O'Brien, ■brother to lord Inchiquin, and colonel Courtney, who had been sent to demolish it. After this, a party of lord Castlehaven's men having gone into the Great island to plunder, major Power, with 30 horse and two foot companies, slew 500 of them. However, lord Castlehaven afterwards took Conough castle, castle Lyons and Lismorc; which last place was bravely defended by the same Power with 100 English tenants of lord Cork, who slaughtered 500 of the Irish : but their powder being at length all spent they surrendered upon honorable terms. After this, Castlehaven besieged Youghal, but was forced to raise the siege.
Oct. 22 — A nuncio from pope Urban VIII arrived in the river Kenmare with amuumition, arms, and a retinue of ecclesiastics and Italians.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 81

As the companion tells it

Close to Ballymartle, in May of 1645, Lord Inchiquin found himself still without supplies from parliament, so he took the field with 1000 horse and 1500 foot. With the foot he laid siege to Ballymartyr and put Barrymore and Imokilly under contributions. Lord Broghill posted himself at Castlelyons, and by his conduct gained a noble victory on the 10th of that month. Ballymartyr and Rostellan castles soon surrendered, but Lord Castlehaven retook Rostellan and made prisoners of Colonel Henry O'Brien, brother to Lord Inchiquin, and Colonel Courtney, who had been sent to demolish it. After this, a party of Lord Castlehaven's men went into the Great Island to plunder, and Major Power, with 30 horse and two foot companies, slew 500 of them. Lord Castlehaven afterwards took Conough Castle, Castle Lyons, and Lismore. Lismore was bravely defended by the same Power with 100 English tenants of Lord Cork, who slaughtered 500 of the Irish. Their powder being at length all spent, they surrendered upon honourable terms. Lord Castlehaven then besieged Youghal but was forced to raise the siege.

Kinsale besieged and impoverished by lordly warfare

Kinsale · town · Cork

Kinsale's inhabitants, like those of Cork and Youghal, were shut within their walls, lands wasted and trade destroyed by the bloody warfare of the lords and chieftains, reducing them to poverty and prompting a petition to the administration.

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The lords of the county were gradually weakened by their mutual broils : at last those who were worsted availed themselves of the assistance of the Irish ; and these latter finding the opportvinity favourable, contrived eventually to expel many of the English and repossess themselves of their lands, but pursued a system of barbarous and bloody warfare, murder, and robbery : and the English who remained, following the same courses, and adopting the laws and customs of the Irish, the whole county was reduced to a state of anarchy. Peculiar hostility was directed against the the loyal and peaceable towns, whose inhabitants, shut up within their walls, their lands wasted, their trade destroyed, were reduced to poverty and almost ruined ; and so desperate was their condition, and so little help did they expect from the king's government, that as a last resource, the people of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, petitioned the administration, representing their miserable condition, requesting that they might be furnished with competent commanders, and promising that if this I'equest were granted, they would rise at their own expense against the lords and chieftans, and punish their enormities ; but if it should be refused (as they plainly expected,) they threatened to complain to the government in England. *
But the English pale, a district of about twenty miles round Dublin, was as much as the government could hold in subjection. We are accustomed to imagine that the wars with France di\'erted the attention of England from this country ; but it is likely that under any circumstances, little at that time could have been done

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck

As the companion tells it

Kinsale is a town that knows what it is to be shut behind its own walls. The lords of this county weakened each other with their quarrels. The ones who lost turned to the Irish for help, and the Irish used the chance to expel many of the English and take back their lands. What followed was a system of barbarous and bloody warfare, murder, and robbery. The English who stayed adopted the laws and customs of the Irish, and the whole county fell into anarchy. The loyal and peaceable towns bore the worst of it. The people of Kinsale, Cork, and Youghal were shut up within their walls. Their lands were wasted, their trade destroyed, and they were reduced to poverty and almost ruined. They had so little hope of help from the king's government that they petitioned the administration as a last resort. They described their miserable condition and asked for competent commanders. They promised that if the request were granted, they would rise at their own expense against the lords and chieftains and punish their enormities. But if it was refused, as they plainly expected, they threatened to complain to the government in England. In truth, the English pale, a district of about 20 miles round Dublin, was as much as the government could hold. The wars with France may have diverted England's attention, but little could have been done in any case.

Kinsale greatly impaired and facing ruin, 1567

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1567

Sidney reported Kinsale as greatly impaired and on the high way to utter ruin in 1567, requiring royal intervention. The town was assessed alongside Cork and Youghal as in urgent need of redress.

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Sir Henry Sidney made a jouniey through the kingdom in 1567; and from his letters to the English government, we learn many particulars regarding the condition of the towns at that time. The county of Tipperary was then in a state of devastation, and its corporate and well walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in great distress : their inhabitants were as men besieged, and ready either to famish within the walls, or abandon the places ; all trade and commerce was at a stand ; the country people dared not bring any thing to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, to buy any thing in the country, from the danger which both incurred of being plundered and killed. Of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, he tells us that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty, by speedy redress and ministering of justice did not prevent it. Limerick was so impaired in wealth since he saw it in queen Mary's reign, chiefly by reason of the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, as to fill him with astonishment. Galway he fovmd rather to resemble " a town of war, frontering upon an enemy, than a civil town in a country under one sovereign": "they watch," says he, "their walls mightily, and guard their gates daily, with armed men." They attributed their miseries to the disorders of the earl of Clanrickard's two sons, young boys, (whom he had by two wives both living,) each striving to be acknowledged as heir of his father, who at the same time was likely long to live.
However, the towns seem not to have been prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilization and internal order. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, desires the reader not to impute any barbarous custom he should mention, to the citizens, townsmen, and inhabitants of the English pale ; and Sidney calls them nurseries of civilitv.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

Kinsale is a town on this road through Cork. In 1567 Sir Henry Sidney travelled through the kingdom and wrote back to the English government about what he found. His letters are where we learn what the towns were like at that time. He said of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty did not prevent it by speedy redress and ministering of justice. Those are his words. He grouped Kinsale with Cork and Youghal as places in urgent need of the queen's intervention. The wider picture he gave was grim. In Tipperary the corporate and walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel and Fethard, were in great distress. Their inhabitants were as men besieged, ready to famish within the walls or abandon the places. Trade and commerce was at a stand. The country people dared not bring anything to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, for fear of being plundered and killed. Limerick had lost so much wealth since Sidney last saw it in Queen Mary's reign, chiefly through the spoils committed by the earl of Thomond, that it filled him with astonishment. Galway he said resembled a town of war fronting upon an enemy rather than a civil town. Yet for all this, Sidney called the towns nurseries of civility, and Stanihurst asked the reader not to impute barbarous customs to the citizens and townsmen of the English pale.

Lord Charlemont reviews volunteer corps at Mardyke

Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1784

The earl of Charlemont arrived in Cork to review the volunteer corps of the city and county, escorted to his lodgings on the Grand Parade. The following day he reviewed the troops in the Mardyke field.

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30. — His excellency the earl of Charlemont arrived in town, for the purpose of reviewing the volunteer corps of this city and county. He was met by a small detatchment of cavalry at some distance from the city, who escorted him to his lodgings on the Grand Parade. On the following day his excellency reviewed the troops in the Mardyke field.
Nov. 16 — Cullinane, the famous robber, who had for so long a time infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

As the companion tells it

Somewhere through Mardyke, the earl of Charlemont arrived in 1784 to review the volunteer corps of Cork city and county. A small detachment of cavalry met him at some distance from the city and escorted him to his lodgings on the Grand Parade. The following day he reviewed the troops in the field. That same November, Cullinane, the famous robber who had long infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol.

May-bush battle in Cork leaves one dead

Cork · city · Cork · 1764

Two parties of fellows, chiefly those who had been rioting on the 29th of April, fought a battle around the May-bush in Cork. Several were badly hurt and one man died of his wounds.

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May 1. — Two parties of fellows consisting chiefly of those that had been rioting on the 29th, had a battle about the i\Iaybush, in which several of them were very much hurt, and one died of his wounds.
May 10. — A sloop arrived in this city from Middleton, with several statues, to be erected at Blarney Castle, four of which were of exquisite workmanship. They had been formerly the property of the duke of Ormond, and had been brought to Kilkenny by colonel Broderick.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 103

As the companion tells it

In Cork, on the 1st of May, 1764, two parties of fellows, chiefly those who had been rioting on the 29th of April, fought a battle about the May-bush. Several of them were very much hurt, and one man died of his wounds. Ten days later a sloop arrived in the city from Middleton, carrying several statues to be erected at Blarney Castle, four of exquisite workmanship. They had once belonged to the duke of Ormond and had been brought to Kilkenny by colonel Broderick.

Night violence and robbery epidemic in Cork streets

Cork · city · Cork · 1808

Miscreants infested the streets of Cork, so daring that scarcely a night passed without someone being knocked down, beaten, and robbed. On one occasion they forced a gentleman from between two ladies he was escorting home.

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A number of miscreants infested the streets of this city, and were so daring, that a night scarcely passed without some person being knocked down, and beaten and robbed. One night they forced a gentleman from between two ladies, whom he was conducting home, and beat him, committing their usual robbery.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 144

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1808, had a plague of night violence. Miscreants infested the streets, so daring that scarcely a night passed without someone being knocked down, beaten, and robbed. One night they forced a gentleman from between two ladies he was conducting home, beat him, and committed their usual robbery.

Party zeal and civic strife in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1751

A 1751 pamphlet describes Cork city as consumed by pride and party faction, where no public advantage can be achieved because opposing factions block every initiative. The city's political life is portrayed as wild with contention over filling a vacant dignity.

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Newenham's.* *' This city, sir, of ours, has very little curious or worth the attention of a traveller ; we have but few public buildings of any note and as few places of genteel diversion ; our people mostly mind the grand article of their trade which gives us a name abroad and brings us money home ; yet makes but a small shew amon^ the~people, being engrossed by a few who have neither a benevolent spirit to do any public good, or a heart open to any thing more than barely their own necessities ; indeed a spirit of pride and party zeal reigns in a high degree with many, who sticK not at great expense in actions base and quite unworthy the dignity of men. No public advantage is proposed by one, but, by the other party it's opposed ; thus they clash for envy or contention, and the good all would desire, by none can be obtained. This spirit enters every act, every scene of public concern in our city. We now have a place of dignity just void, and all hands and hearts are at work to fill the same ; the reigning party fury now roars and gnashes her angry teeth as fearing her power will sink in supplying this vacancy. The city's quite wild ; some say one man, some say another shall be put in ; and to enforce it, some spend their money, some waste their time, few consider the worth of either, but most like madmen, act as wild fancy governs or party zeal commands."

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 30

As the companion tells it

A pamphlet from 1751 paints Cork as a city consumed by pride and party faction. The writer says the city has little to catch a traveller's eye: few notable public buildings and few places of genteel diversion. The people mostly attend to trade, which gives Cork its name abroad and brings money home, but that wealth is held by a few who have neither a benevolent spirit to do public good nor any openness beyond their own necessities. The writer calls pride and party zeal the ruling spirit of the city. No public advantage is proposed by one faction but the other opposes it. They clash from envy or contention, and the good that all would desire is obtained by none. This spirit, he says, enters every act and every scene of public concern. At the time of writing, a place of dignity has just fallen vacant, and all hands and hearts are at work to fill it. Party fury roars and gnashes her angry teeth, fearing her power will sink with the filling of that vacancy. The city is quite wild. Some say one man, some say another shall be put in. Some spend their money, some waste their time. Few consider the worth of either. Most, he says, act as madmen, governed by wild fancy or commanded by party zeal.

The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork

The stories, best first

Cork's marshy islands and city expansion under Charles II

Danes burn and plunder Cork repeatedly

Engagement at Ballyderawn ford

French sailors captured at Clonakilty

Funeral procession of Major Ebenezer Morrison to Christ Church

Great flood damages collier at Merchant's Quay and Mardyke mill works

Henry Boyle of Castlemartyr opposes Cork club

Hot press for seamen at Cove and Cork

Irish troops enter Cork and disarm Protestants

Justices appointed to try David Naungle in Cork and Limerick

Kinalmoaky forfeited and planted by English undertakers

Kinsale granted customs for town wall construction

Labouring man died near Cork ovens aged 127

Lightning splits flag-staff at Kinsale fort

Lord Lieutenant arrives at Mitchelstown

Lord Roche extorts estates in Cork

Man falls into hole in Clothier's Lane, Cork

New road towards Ballyhooly sparks Cork hill suburb

Rock collapse damages road to Sunday's Well, Cork

Seamen strike for wages in Cork harbour

Siege of Cork damage visible at Barrack-hill fort

Skiddy's Castle in Cork city property roll

Society for relief of small-debt prisoners founded in Cork

Spinning school for poor children founded in Cork

The Lough and St. Finbarr's Cathedral, Cork

Thomas Moyser bailed from Holy Trinity church, Cork

Troops sent to Cloyne and Kinsale over Whiteboy outrages

Violent 1751 corporate election in Cork city

Youghal barrack blown up by gunpowder explosion

Chimney fire near the magazine in Brown's Lane

Servants arrested at genteel club house in George's Street

Armagh deemed too remote for new Elizabethan law

Bishop of Cork fined over escaped felon

Blarney and Kilcrea castles built by MacCarthy

Carew castles at Ballycrenane and Garryvoe and ancient tomb-stone

Cork citizens freed from murage accounts; arms ban for strangers

Cork Commercial Buildings completed

Cork devastated by MacCartys; De Cogan and Fitzstephen pilgrimage to Aghadoe

Cork unrepresented in Elizabeth's 2nd parliament

Dancing and prize-fighting at Mardyke field

Disabled French warships brought to Kinsale

Doctor Tuscano exhibits opposite the Exchange

Famous robber Cullinane taken on Kinsale road

Fire consumes Beamish and Crawford malt store, Mary Street, Cork

Fire destroys 12 houses in Old Chapel-lane, Cork

Fire destroys 20-30 cabins in Fair-lane, Cork

Flood sweeps away bridges near Macroom

French traveller De la Boullaye le Gouz visits Cork

Gill Abbey and Cave of St. Finbarr, Cork

Gill Abbey Castle collapses after 980 years

Governors of Cork and Kinsale declare for parliament against army

Great inundation floods Cork quays

Gunpowder mill explosion near Cork

Inchiquin besieges Ballymartyr, levies contributions

Kinsale besieged and impoverished by lordly warfare

Kinsale greatly impaired and facing ruin, 1567

Lord Charlemont reviews volunteer corps at Mardyke

May-bush battle in Cork leaves one dead

Night violence and robbery epidemic in Cork streets

Party zeal and civic strife in Cork city