The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Gunpowder explosion destroys three houses in Brandy-lane, Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1810

   Three houses in Brandy-lane, Cork, were blown up by gunpowder privately brought home by a man employed in the mills at Ballincollig, intended for sale to quarry workers. Several persons were killed and wounded.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   J\rov. 3. — Three houses in Brandy-lane were blown up by

   gunpowder, which a man, employed in the mills at Ballincollig

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

   As the companion tells it

   In 1810, three houses in Brandy-lane, Cork, were blown up by gunpowder. A man employed in the mills at Ballincollig had brought it home privately, meaning to sell it to quarry workers. Several people were killed and wounded.

2. Hearth money return shows Cork religious composition

   Cork · city · Cork · 1732–1733

   According to the hearth money collectors' return, there were 2,569 Protestant and 5,398 Roman Catholic families in the city of Cork.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   1732 According to a return made by the hearth money collectors in this and the following year, there were in the city of Cork, 2569 Protestant, and 5398 Roman Catholic families.

   On Whit-sun Monday and Whit-sun Tuesday, the weavers, combers, and other persons belonging to the cloathing trade, paraded the streets, with a loom drawn by horses.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 97

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1732 and 1733, held 2,569 Protestant families and 5,398 Roman Catholic families, according to the hearth money collectors' return. On Whit Monday and Whit Tuesday, the weavers, combers, and others of the clothing trade paraded the streets with a loom drawn by horses.

3. King's birthday illumination of Cork, Cove and Passage

   Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1782

   On the anniversary of the king's birthday, bells rang in churches, troops fired a feu de joie on the Mall, and Cork city, Cove, and Passage were grandly illuminated at night.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   June 4. — Being the anniversary of the birth of his majesty, then distinguished asking of Ireland, as soon as the day appeared the bells in the different churches were set ringing ; at noon the troops fired ^.feu dejoie on the Mall, and at night this city, Cove, and Passage, were grandly illuminated.

   K^ug. 1. — Rendezvous houses were opened by the different armed societies, for the reception of recruits.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 124

   As the companion tells it

   In 1782, on June 4, the anniversary of the king's birthday, the bells in the different churches were set ringing as soon as the day appeared. At noon the troops fired a feu de joie on the Mall. At night Cork city, Cove, and Passage were grandly illuminated. Cove is part of the ground you are travelling through now, near Cobh.

4. Kinsale corporation rides through the franchises

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1770

   The sovereign and corporation of Kinsale rode through the franchises according to their annual custom, and the town was brilliantly illuminated with bonfires and other demonstrations of joy on the anniversary of his majesty's birth.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   June 4. — The sovereign and corporation of Kinsale, according to their annual custom, rode through the franchises. The same day being the anniversary of his majesty's birth, the army fired three volleys. The town was brilliantly illuminated, and in several parts of it there were bonfires and other demonstrations of joy.

   G. — Five carmen, on their way to Limerick, were stopped on the road near Whitechurch by fifty men or thereabouts, and one of the carts, being laden with English drapery, was immediately unpacked: a piece of rug was cut in small pieces, and the rest of the goods to a considerable amount, carried off.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 110

   As the companion tells it

   Kinsale, in Cork, saw a celebration in June of 1770. The sovereign and corporation of the town rode through the franchises, as they did every year by custom. That same day was the anniversary of his majesty's birth, and the army fired three volleys. The town was brilliantly illuminated. In several parts of it there were bonfires and other demonstrations of joy.

5. Kinsale exempted from military duties amid rebels

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1389

   The inhabitants of Kinsale petitioned that their town lay in the midst of rebels and obtained exemption from attending wards, musters, and parliaments.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   At the earnest request of the inhabitants of Kinsale, who stated, that that town lay in the midst of the rebels, they obtained an exemption from attending wards, musters and parliaments.

   Thomas Eusshok, bishop of Chichester, and confessor to the king, having been driven from court, by the barons, and his goods confiscated by parliament, took shelter at Cork, from which place he petitioned the king, and obtained a grant of an annuity of £40 for his support.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 52

   As the companion tells it

   Kinsale, a town in Cork, won a grace in 1389. The inhabitants petitioned, stating that their town lay in the midst of the rebels, and they obtained an exemption from attending wards, musters, and parliaments.

6. Neighbourhood of Youghal wasted by raiders

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1379

   The neighbourhood of Youghal was wasted at this time by the Rocheynes, Glengibons and others.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   April 16. — The neighbourhood of Youghal was wasted at this time, by the Rocheynes, Glengibons and others.

   May 10. — Certain foreign merchants, who frequented the town of Galway, being unable to come to Cork, to pay customs, on account of the danger and difficulty of the navigation ; it was ordered that the staple of wool, and other merchandize, should be

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 48

   As the companion tells it

   In 1379, on the 16th of April, the neighbourhood of Youghal was wasted by the Rocheynes, the Glengibons, and others. The town itself stood on the coast of Cork. The raiders swept through the land around it, and the record gives us only their names.

7. North and south chapels built in Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1729

   The north and south chapels were built; the latter was afterwards burnt.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   1729 The north and south chapels were built; the latter was afterwards burnt.

   An act was passed for cleansing and deepening the harbours and rivers of Cork, Galway, Sligo, Drogheda and Belfast; and for erecting a ballast-office in each.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 97

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1729, saw the north and south chapels built. The south chapel was afterwards burnt. That same year, an act was passed for cleansing and deepening the harbours and rivers of Cork, Galway, Sligo, Drogheda and Belfast, and for erecting a ballast-office in each.

8. Pistol fired into dwelling house in William Street, Cork

   William Street · street · Cork · 1807

   Around midnight a pistol was fired into the dwelling house of Mr. John Fitzgerald in William Street, Cork. Fortunately no person was hurt in the attack.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   April 4. — About 12 o'clock this night a pistol was fired into the dwelling-house of Mr. John Fitzgerald, in William-street ; fortunately no person was hurt.

   8. — ^Another attack on the Cork mail, this night, near Red Gap ; several shots were fired at the coach, by which one of the mail guards was severely wounded ; the other guard returned the fire^

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 143

   As the companion tells it

   This is William Street in Cork. On April 4, 1807, about 12 o'clock at night, a pistol was fired into the dwelling house of Mr. John Fitzgerald. No person was hurt. Four nights later, another attack was made on the Cork mail near Red Gap. Several shots were fired at the coach, and one of the mail guards was severely wounded. The other guard returned the fire.

9. Press gang at Cove and Passage impresses seamen

   Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1770

   A very hot press took place at Cove when several able seamen belonging to merchantmen there and at Passage were impressed into naval service.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   Oct. 3. — There was a very hot press at Cove, when several able seainen belonging to the merchantmen there and at Passage were impressed.

   158 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 110

   As the companion tells it

   In 1770, on the 3rd of October, this was the scene of a very hot press. Able seamen belonging to the merchantmen here at Cove and at Passage were impressed into naval service.

10. Prince Rupert proclaims Charles II at Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1649

    Prince Rupert arrived at Kinsale and formally proclaimed Charles II as king. He and all his officers went into mourning and displayed black jacks, ensigns, and pendants across the fleet.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    "Rupert proclaimed kino- Charles the 11. at Kinsale, and he and A.D.

    I (' 1*) all his officers went into mourning, and displayed black jacks,

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, in Cork. In 1649, Prince Rupert proclaimed Charles the Second as king here. He and all his officers went into mourning, and displayed black jacks, ensigns, and pendants across the fleet.

11. Red-abbey bridge opened in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1764

    The wooden centre at Red-abbey bridge was finished and opened for passengers, providing a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane. Troops marched there and fired three volleys in honour of the coronation anniversary.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    A. D. Sept. 22. — The wooden centre at the Red-abbey bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers, and the same day being the anniversary of their majesties' coronation, tlie troops on duty here marched thither, and fired three voUies in honour of the day. This bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Covelane.

    29. — The anniversary of the surrender of this city to king William the third was ushered in with ringing of bells ; in the afternoon the mayor and corporation went in procession to Christ church, and the evening was concluded, with bonfires and illuminations. 17G5 An act was passed this year for re-building the bridge over the

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a bridge with a story tied to a single day. On the 22nd of September, 1764, the wooden centre at Red-abbey bridge was finished and opened for passengers. It gave a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane. That same day happened to be the anniversary of their majesties' coronation, and the troops on duty in the city marched to the bridge and fired three volleys in honour of the day. So a new crossing and a royal celebration were marked together, with soldiers and gunfire on the bridge that had just been opened for people to walk across.

12. Severe gale uproots tree in St Fin Barre's churchyard, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1808

    A severe gale from N.N.W. tore up one of the largest trees in St. Fin Barry's churchyard in Cork, blew down the chimneys of Col. Young's house near the artillery barracks, collapsing the roof and floors. Ships at Cove rode out the storm.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    iVow. 18. — About 5 o'clock this morning, there was a severe gale of wind ; it blew from N.N.W., and with so much violence that it tore up one of the largest trees in St. Fin Barry's churchyard; the chimneys of Col. Young's house near the artillery barracks were blown down, and falling on the roof, drove it in, and carried down the floors of the back part of the house. The ships at Cove rode out the storm, it being an oflfshore wind. 1809 Jan. 4. — The first annual meeting of the Indigent Eoom-

    keeper's Society was held in this city.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, November 1808. Around five in the morning a severe gale blew from the north-northwest with such violence that it tore up one of the largest trees in St Fin Barre's churchyard. The chimneys of Colonel Young's house, near the artillery barracks, were blown down. Falling on the roof, they drove it in and carried down the floors of the back part of the house. The ships at Cove rode out the storm, the wind being offshore.

13. Sheriff Edward Tucker and Cork freedom by statute

    Cork · city · Cork · 1686

    Edward Tucker, one of the sheriffs of Cork in 1686, had obtained his freedom of the city under an old statute enabling strangers to carry on trade, illustrating that freedom under the act was not of an inferior nature.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The right to the freedom of the city by birth or servitude, which had been long denied, was at last asserted and established by the exertions of Mr. Richard Fitton, in the year 1777. Attempts were, some years ago, made to re-establish a similar right in all foreign artificers, &c. resident in the city, under certain rules formerly made by the Irish government, under the authority of an old statute,* and which had been acted on for several years. The question, however, was not brought to a judicial determination. Had the attempt been successful, it would have transformed corporations more, perhaps, than the recent statute for re-modelling those bodies. The right claimed, was opposed on the plea, that the freedom under the act, was of an inferior or limited nature; but this could hardly have been true ; for one of the sheriflfs of Cork, in the year 1686, (Edward Tucker,") had obtained his freedom under the act, and in no other way. It appears, however, that the principal object of the rule, was to enable strangers to carry on trade in towns, which the corporations at that time would not permit, but which has been since established here by long usage, in all branches, except, as it would seem, in the sale of butchers' meat. In this article, however, the corporation appears to deny the right even of freemen to dcal,except under their authority. f -

    In this city, former days were distinguished from the present, by an unaffected sociability, and a taste for public amusements. In Smith's time, (1750,) the citizens resorted to a planted green on Haman's marsh, where the mansion-house now stands, and were regaled by a band of music supported by subscription. In an assembly-house adjoining, were assemblies twice a week, besides a weekly drum, where card playing and dancing were practised. There was also a weekly concert of instrumental and vocal music,

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a long story about who could trade and who could belong. For years, the right to the freedom of the city by birth or servitude was denied. It was finally asserted and established through the exertions of Richard Fitton, in 1777. Some years ago, attempts were made to re-establish a similar right for foreign artificers and others resident in the city, under certain rules formerly made by the Irish government, under the authority of an old statute. These rules had been acted on for several years. The question was not brought to a judicial determination. Had the attempt succeeded, it would have transformed corporations more, perhaps, than the recent statute for re-modelling those bodies. The right claimed was opposed on the plea that freedom under the act was of an inferior or limited nature. But this could hardly have been true. One of the sheriffs of Cork in 1686, Edward Tucker, had obtained his freedom under the act, and in no other way. The principal object of the rule was to enable strangers to carry on trade in towns, which the corporations at that time would not permit. This has since been established here by long usage, in all branches, except in the sale of butchers' meat. In that article, the corporation appears to deny the right even of freemen to deal, except under their authority.

14. Sidney finds Meath scorched and Westmeath borders spoiled

    Meath · county · Meath · 1575

    In 1575, Lord Deputy Sidney reported that the county of Meath was 'cursedly scorched on the outside' and that most baronies bordering Westmeath were sorely spoiled. The text notes Meath was a frontier county exposed to Irish inroads, which explained inhabitants' willingness to contribute to cess for defence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    * He tries to support his misrepresentation by the instance of Mcath, where he says the inhabitants were willing to contribute; but this was a frontier county, where the inhabitants were greatly exposed to the inroads of the Irish, and would of course be glad that all the pale should be taxed for their defence. (5) In 1575, he says he found this county cursedly scorched on the «utsiJc, and that most of the baronies of the borders of Westmeath were sore spoiled. (G) Besides, these counties were accustomed to coutribute specially, and had been therefore exempted from subsidy by the act.

    (1; Sidney's letter, p. 152. (2) ib. p. 1G7. (3) ib. p. 109. (4) ib. p. 151. (5) ib. p. 81. (G)ib. p. 81.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Meath was a frontier county, and in 1575 that meant exposure and loss. Lord Deputy Sidney reported that he found this county, as he put it, "cursedly scorched on the outside," and that most of the baronies bordering Westmeath were sorely spoiled. The people here were greatly exposed to the inroads of the Irish, which Sidney used to explain why the inhabitants were willing to contribute to cess. He argued they would of course be glad that all the Pale should be taxed for their defence. But these counties were accustomed to contribute specially, and had therefore been exempted from subsidy by act of parliament.

15. Skiddy's and Bretttridge's alms houses relocated

    Cork · city · Cork

    The decayed site of Skiddy's and Bretttridge's alms houses was let for the benefit of the charities, and a new building was erected on ground taken from the trustees of the Green Coat hospital to house inmates under both wills.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The site of Skiddy's and Brcttridge's alms' houses which were at this time connected with onc-anothcr, having fallen into decay, the corporation determined upon finding another site, and letting the ancient one for the benefit of the charities, and accordingly took a piece of ground from the trustees of the Green Coat hospital, upon which they erected a buikling capable of containing the inmates under the wills both of Skiddy and Bi-etti-idge.

    Dec. 20 — War was proclaimed in Cork against Spain.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, the old Skiddy's and Bretttridge's alms houses had fallen into decay. The corporation decided to find another site and let the ancient one for the benefit of the charities. They took a piece of ground from the trustees of the Green Coat hospital and erected a building there, capable of containing the inmates under the wills both of Skiddy and Bretttridge.

16. West Cork castles delivered to the Spaniards

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1601

    In December, several castles were handed over to the Spaniards by local Gaelic lords: Castlehaven by Donough O'Driscoll, Baltimore and Dunalong on Inisherkan by Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, and Dunboy in Bearhaven by Daniel O'Sullivan.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Dec. — The following castles were delivered to the Spaniards : Castlehaven, by Donough 0"Driscoll, Baltimore and Dunalong in the island of Inisherkan, by Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, and Dunboy in Bearhaven, by Daniel O'Sullivan.

    24 — The English camp near Kinsale was attacked unsuccessfully, by the Irish and Spaniards.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 70

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Castlehaven, in December 1601, several castles were delivered to the Spaniards. Donough O'Driscoll handed over Castlehaven. Sir Fineen O'Driscoll gave Baltimore and Dunalong on the island of Inisherkan. Daniel O'Sullivan delivered Dunboy in Bearhaven.

17. West India fleet sailed from Cove under convoy

    Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1778

    A West India fleet of 64 ships sailed from Cove with a fair wind, convoyed by his majesty's ship the Torbay of 71 guns and the Camel sloop.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    JVov. 4. — The Boyne society, were for the first time reviewed by colonel Bagwell, in White's Bowling green. 1778 Jan. 25. — The west India fleet, consisting of 64 ships, sailed

    from Cove with a fair wind : they were convoyed by his majesty's ship the Torbay 7 1 guns, and the Camel sloop.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 119

    As the companion tells it

    In 1778, when Cobh was called Cove, a West India fleet of 64 ships sailed from Cove with a fair wind. It was the twenty-fifth of January. They were convoyed by his majesty's ship the Torbay, with 71 guns, and the Camel sloop.

18. Rioters battle in north suburbs of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1765

    On August 18, 1765, a desperate battle took place in the evening between rioters of the north suburbs of Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    18. — There was a desperate battle this evening between the rioters of the north suburbs,

    31, — The Red Head Galley, commanded by captain Richard Ncale, arrived with sixty French families on board.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 104

    As the companion tells it

    On the 18th of August, 1765, a desperate battle was fought in the evening between the rioters of the north suburbs of Cork. The record says nothing more of who fought or what became of them.

19. Ship from Boston arrives in Kinsale with 59th regiment officers

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1776

    A ship arrived in Kinsale from Boston carrying the corps of officers of the 59th regiment, whose numbers had exceeded their rank and file. The rank and file had been drafted into other regiments, and the officers were sent to recruit in England.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    18. — A ship arrived in Kinsale from Boston, with the corps of officers of the 59th regiment, whose number had exceeded their rank and fde, which latter were drafted into other regiments, and the officers were sent to recruit their full complement in England.

    25. — A boat coming from one of the transports at Cove, was overset in a gale of wind, by which three soldiers, three women, and some boatmen were drowned.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, in Cork. In 1776 a ship arrived from Boston carrying the officers of the 59th regiment. Their number had exceeded their rank and file. The rank and file had been drafted into other regiments, and the officers were sent to recruit their full complement in England. A boat from one of the transports at Cove was overset in a gale of wind, by which three soldiers, three women, and some boatmen were drowned.

20. 1816 Cork mayoral vacancy: Knapp ineligible as revenue officer

    Cork · city · Cork · 1816

    In 1816, a vacancy occurred in the Cork mayoralty when George Knapp, though elected, was deemed ineligible because he was a revenue officer. A new election in November saw Edward Allen chosen as Mayor, but Allen died in office and no successor was appointed for the remainder of the year.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    * There was a vacancy in the beginning of this year ; George Knapp who was elected, not being eligible as being a revenue officer. There was a new election in November when Mr. Allen was elected Mayor ; Mr. Allen died in office, and no successor for the remainder of the year was appointed.

    t There was a similar vacancy this year, Christopher Coie, who was elected, having resigned ; there was cynsequently a new election in November, when Sir Anthony Perrier was elected.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    In 1816, the city of Cork saw mayoral turmoil. George Knapp was elected but ruled ineligible as a revenue officer. A new election in November chose Edward Allen as Mayor, but Allen died in office and no successor was appointed. A similar vacancy arose when Christopher Coie resigned, and Sir Anthony Perrier was elected.

21. Mob destroys woollen drapery in Cork suburbs

    Cork · city · Cork · 1770

    Goods being brought to woollen drapers in Cork from Dublin were met in the suburbs by a mob who cut and destroyed two pieces of drapery.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    14. — Some goods, which were bringing to woollen drapers in this city from Dublin, were met in the suburbs by a mob who cut and destroyed two pieces.

    About 12 o'clock this night began one of the heaviest showers of rain ever remembered, which continued for three hours with such violence that a boat could float in some of the streets, there was likewise a great fall of rain on the 15th. It is remarkable that at the time of the shower on the preceding night, there was not a drop of rain within two miles of this city on the north side.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 110

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, in 1770, a mob met goods being brought from Dublin to the city's woollen drapers. They cut and destroyed two pieces of drapery there in the suburbs. That same night, around 12 o'clock, one of the heaviest showers of rain ever remembered began and lasted three hours. It fell so hard a boat could float in some of the streets. There was a great fall of rain again on the 15th. Yet at the time of that first shower, not a drop fell within two miles of the city on the north side.

22. Severe frost and skating on the Lough, Cork

    The Lough · electoral division · Cork · 1767

    A severe frost set in during early January, freezing the Lough sufficiently for skating. Poor tradesmen and manufacturers were unable to work due to the cold, and many resorted to the Lough to amuse themselves by skating.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Jan. 2. — There was a severe frost, and much skaiting on the lough.

    The city was infested with robbers at this time.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    In January 1767, a severe frost struck, and people skated on the Lough in Cork. The cold was so hard that poor tradesmen and manufacturers could not work, and many went to the Lough to skate. The city was infested with robbers at this time.

23. Sir James Croft lands at Cork as Lord Deputy

    Cork · city · Cork · 1551

    Sir James Croft, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, landed at Cork and received the sword from his predecessor Sir Anthony St. Leger on 23 May 1551. While in the city, a member of the Cavenaghs or Mac Morroughs was executed for a notorious offence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Sir James Croft, a Herefordshireman and one of the king's 1551 privy chamber, being appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland landed at Cork, and there, on the 23d of May, received the sword from his predecessor Sir Anthony St. Leger. The annals of Dr. Dudley Loftus say, that he landed in Dublin March 26th and rode to Cork. While he was in the city, one of the Cavenaghs or Mac Morroughs, was executed for some notorious offence.

    The church liturgy was read in English. 1552

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1551, was where Sir James Croft, a Herefordshireman of the king's privy chamber, came ashore as the newly appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland. There, on the 23rd of May, he received the sword from his predecessor, Sir Anthony St. Leger. The annals of Dr. Dudley Loftus say he had landed in Dublin on March 26th and ridden to Cork. While he was in the city, one of the Cavenaghs or Mac Morroughs was executed for some notorious offence.

24. Vessels impressed as government transports in Cork harbour

    near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork

    All available vessels in Cork harbour of 150 tons and upwards were taken up as transports for government service. This reflects the military demands placed on the port.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Jan. 31 — All the vessels in this harbom* of 150 tons and upwards that could be procured, were taken up as transports for the service of government.

    In consequence of a practice of persons firing at sea-gulls oxi Sullivan's quay and Morrison's island, four persons walking on the South Mall were wounded, and many windows were broken.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 118

    As the companion tells it

    Cork Harbour saw its ships taken for government work. On January 31, every vessel in the harbour of 150 tons and upwards that could be procured was pressed into service as a transport. The port's trade would have felt it at once. The entry is a single line, but it tells you what military demand did to a working harbour.

25. Woman killed by fall near Danman's Bridge, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1767

    A poor lame woman fell near Danman's Bridge where the passage was very slippery due to frost, and was so badly hurt that she expired. Several other persons were also hurt by falling in the streets.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    14. — A poor lame woman fell down near Damat's bridge where the passage was very slippery, by which she was so much hurt that she expired. Several other persons were also hurt by falling in the streets.

    17. — The frost set in again with great severity. The roads were almost impassable. The snow was seven or eight feet deep.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    In 1767, in Cork, a poor lame woman fell near Danman's Bridge. The passage was very slippery with frost. She was so badly hurt that she died. Several other people were also hurt by falling in the streets. The frost then set in again with great severity. The roads were almost impassable, and the snow was seven or eight feet deep.

26. 30th and 67th regiments encamp at Ballinrea near Carrigaline, 1779

    Carrigaline · town · Cork · 1779

    On 2 August 1779, the 30th and 67th regiments of foot encamped at Ballinrea near Carrigaline. Cork's armed societies mounted guard in rotation at the council chamber during their absence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    ^4ug. 2. — ^The 30th and 67th regiments of foot encamped at Ballinrea near Carrigaline, during the absence of whom, the armed societies mounted guard in rotation at the council chamber for the safety of the inhabitants.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    In 1779, Carrigaline had soldiers camp nearby. On 2 August, the 30th and 67th regiments of foot encamped at Ballinrea, near this town. While they were away, the armed societies mounted guard in rotation at the council chamber, for the safety of the inhabitants.

27. Act for building bridge over northern channel of Lee

    Cork · city · Cork · 1786

    An act was passed for building a bridge over the northern channel of the river Lee, below North bridge in Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    An act was passed for building a bridge over the northern channel of the river Lee, below North bridge.

    Jan. 3. — Sir James Fitz-Patrick, a gentleman of distinguished philanthropy arrived in this city, after having made a tour through a great part of this kingdom, for the purpose of visiting the prisons. On the 4th he made a very minute inspection of the gaols of this city and county, in which he discovered many deficiencies and very great abuses. On the 5th and 6th he was entertained by the mayor and sheriffs ; and on the 7th was waited on at his lodgings by the Cork society for the relief and discharge of confined debtors, who presented to him, inelegant binding, the printed account of their proceedings from their first institution, with an address delivered by their secretaiy the llev. Francis Orpen.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 126

    As the companion tells it

    In 1786, an act was passed for building a bridge over the northern channel of the river Lee, below North bridge in Cork. That same January, Sir James Fitz-Patrick arrived in the city. He was a gentleman of distinguished philanthropy, and he had made a tour through a great part of the kingdom for the purpose of visiting the prisons. On the 4th of January he made a very minute inspection of the gaols of the city and county, and in them he discovered many deficiencies and very great abuses. On the 5th and 6th he was entertained by the mayor and sheriffs. On the 7th, the Cork society for the relief and discharge of confined debtors waited on him at his lodgings. They presented him with the printed account of their proceedings, in an inelegant binding, with an address delivered by their secretary, the Reverend Francis Orpen.

28. Act passed for stone bridge from Prince's Street via Lavit's Island to Red Abbey

    Cork · city · Cork · 1761

    In 1761, an act was passed providing for the building of a stone bridge from the quay opposite Prince's Street to Lavit's Island, and another from the island to the Red Abbey marsh, with a draw bridge in its centre. The act also provided for supplying Cork with water.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    1761 An act was passed this year, which, after reciting, that there were then only two public avenues to Cork, and that same were narrow and inconvenient, provides for the building of a stone bridge, not exceeding in hreadth twenty-six feet, from the quay opposite Prince's-street to the northern or opposite part of Lavit's island, and another from the southern part of said island to the Red Abbey marsh, of the same breadth, with a draw bridge in its centre; this act also provides for supplying said city with water.

    £4000 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, &.c. towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 101

    As the companion tells it

    In 1761, an act was passed for the city of Cork. It noted there were only two public avenues into the city, and both were narrow and inconvenient. The act provided for a stone bridge, no more than 26 feet broad, from the quay opposite Prince's Street to Lavit's Island, and another of the same breadth from the island to the Red Abbey marsh, with a draw bridge in its centre. It also made provision for supplying the city with water. That same year, 4000 pounds was granted to the mayor and sheriffs towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

29. Act to rebuild St Fin Barre's Cathedral and build workhouse

    Cork · city · Cork · 1735

    A 1735 act recited that St Fin Barre's Cathedral in Cork was ruinous and unsafe, and that parishioners were too poor to rebuild it alone. A coal duty funded both the cathedral rebuilding and a new city workhouse.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    An act was passed this year, whereby, after reciting, "that the cathedral church of St. Fin-barry in the city of Cork was by length of time grown so ruinous and decayed, that it was not safe for the inhabitants of said parish to attend divine service therein, and that it had become absolutely necessary to pull down the same in order to have it rebuilt, and that the economy of the dean and chapter belonging to said cathedral, by reason of the smallness of its fund, and that the inhabitants of said parish, by reason of their poverty, were unable to support the whole charge of rebuilding the cathedral;" and also reciting the necessity for a work-house in the city of Cork, and the willingness of the corporation of Cork to appropriate a convenient piece of ground for the pvn-pose; it was enacted that one shilling per ton duty should be laid on coals and culm brought into the city, towards the building of the cathedral and of a work-house, to be applied for five years towards the expense of the cathedral, and for the remainder of the time, to the building and support of the work-house.

    St. Fin-barry's free school and library were founded by archdeacon Pomro}^ for the education of such children as the bishop should recommend.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    In 1735, an act was passed for the city of Cork. It recited that the cathedral church of St Fin Barre had grown so ruinous and decayed by length of time that it was not safe for the inhabitants of the parish to attend divine service there. It had become absolutely necessary to pull it down in order to have it rebuilt. The dean and chapter belonging to the cathedral could not support the whole charge, by reason of the smallness of its fund, and the inhabitants of the parish were unable to do so either, by reason of their poverty. The act also recited the necessity for a workhouse in the city of Cork, and the willingness of the corporation of Cork to appropriate a convenient piece of ground for that purpose. It was enacted that one shilling per ton duty should be laid on coals and culm brought into the city. This duty was to be applied for 5 years towards the expense of the cathedral, and for the remainder of the time, to the building and support of the workhouse. St Fin Barre's free school and library were also founded, by archdeacon Pomroy, for the education of such children as the bishop should recommend.

30. Barrys of Rathcormac seated 500 years, estate sold 1771

    Rathcormack · town · Cork · 1302–1774

    A branch of the Barry family was seated at Rathcormac for five hundred years and sat in Parliament as far back as 1302. The main line became extinct around 1760, and the coheirs sold the estates in 1771 for £59,000, then resold in 1774 to William Tonson for £68,000.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    In Smith's time there subsisted a branch of the Barrys who had been seated at Eathcormac for five hundred years, and sat in the upper houseof Parliament so far back as the 30th year of Edward 1st, anno 1302. They became extinct in the principal branch about the year 1760, J and the estates fell to coheirs descended from two sisters, Catherine Barry, wife of Samuel Hartwell, esq., and Ann Barry, wife of lord chancellor Brodrick, first viscount Midleton. The coheirs § in 1771 sold their estates for £59,000, and the purchasers Eobert and Nicholas Lawless, esqrs., of Dubhn, sold them in 1774 to William Tonson, esq, for £68,000.

    * Unlike English biironies in fee, the ukl Irish peerages are foiiml to have adhered to the male line, uotwithstaiuling the occurrence of female heirs.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through Rathcormack in Cork, where a branch of the Barry family had been seated for five hundred years. They sat in the upper house of Parliament as far back as 1302, the 30th year of Edward the First. The principal branch became extinct around 1760, and the estates fell to coheirs descended from two sisters: Catherine Barry, wife of Samuel Hartwell, and Ann Barry, wife of Lord Chancellor Brodrick, first viscount Midleton. The coheirs sold the estates in 1771 for £59,000. The purchasers, Robert and Nicholas Lawless of Dublin, sold them again in 1774 to William Tonson for £68,000.

31. Blackrock castle built

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1720

    Blackrock castle was built in the same year as St. Anne's Shandon church was commenced.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    St. Anne's Shandon church was commenced upon the old foundation, where St. Mary Shandon stood : it was determined to make it a distinct parish, upon the demise or removal of the then incumbent. It was erected by subscription. The steeple is of hewn stone, 120 feet high, with a spire 50 feet in addition, which v/as erected in the year 1749. In this same year Blackrock castle was built.

    April 18. — Captains Henry Vv^ard and Francis Fitz-Gerald 1722 were hanged and quartered at Gallows-green, for enlisting men for the service of the pretender.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 97

    As the companion tells it

    Blackrock, by Cork, had its castle raised in 1720, the same year St. Anne's Shandon church was commenced upon the old foundation where St. Mary Shandon had stood. The church was erected by subscription, and it was determined to make it a distinct parish upon the demise or removal of the then incumbent. Its steeple of hewn stone stood 120 feet high, with a spire 50 feet in addition, erected in 1749.

32. Boscawen reviews regiments near the Lough, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1766

    On June 13, 1766, Lieutenant-General Boscawen reviewed the 26th, 44th, and 63rd regiments of foot in a field near the Lough in Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    June 11. — Afire destroyed 14 thatched cabins in Eathcormac. 13. — Lieutenant-general Boscawen reviewed in a field near the Lough, the 26th, 44th, and 63d regiments of foot.

    16. — Bartholemew Leary was convicted of cutting down, and stealing grass out of a field, for which he was sentenced to be whipt from north gate to Lavit's buildings, and afterwards from south gate to the gallows, and round same, wdth a bundle of grass hanging under his neck.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 105

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has seen soldiers gather before. On the 13th of June, 1766, Lieutenant-General Boscawen reviewed three regiments of foot in a field near the Lough. The 26th, the 44th, and the 63rd stood for his inspection that day. A field by the water, soldiers in formation, and a general walking the lines. The record gives nothing more of what was said or done. It notes the place, the man, the regiments, and the day.

33. Brass ordnance sent from Dublin to Cork fortifications

    Cork · city · Cork · 1781

    Six pieces of brass ordnance, thirty-pounders, with twelve covered wagons and two companies of artillery, arrived in Cork from Dublin to strengthen fortifications in case of invasion.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    April. 12 — This evening six pieces of brass ordnance, thirty pounders, with twelve covered waggons, and two companies of artillery, arrived here from Dublin to strengthen the fortification in case of invasion.

    16. — This night at about 10 o'clock, a man fell into the dock near the Crooked billet, opposite the long quay, and was drowned.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 123

    As the companion tells it

    Cork got heavier guns in 1781. On the evening of April 12, six pieces of brass ordnance, thirty-pounders, arrived from Dublin, along with twelve covered wagons and two companies of artillery. They came to strengthen the fortifications against the threat of invasion.

34. Burlesque fete at Blackrock Castle

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1811

    A burlesque fete took place at Blackrock, featuring a mock procession of knights in armour from the castle meeting the mock corporation of Ballintemple in full regalia, including a mock mayor, recorder, and town clerk with charter. The procession moved through a laughing multitude to the castle for dinner and toasts.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    ^U(/ IG. — A burlesque fete took place at Blackrock, between two parties representing the corporation of Ballintemple, and the knights of the round table. " Early in the dav,

    240 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 147

    As the companion tells it

    Blackrock was the scene of a burlesque fete in 1811. Two parties faced each other: one representing the corporation of Ballintemple, the other the knights of the round table. A mock procession of armoured knights from the castle met a mock mayor, recorder, and town clerk with charter, moving through a laughing crowd to the castle for dinner and toasts.

35. Christ Church Cork rebuilt after ruinous state

    Cork · city · Cork · 1716–1720

    Christ Church in Cork, being in a ruinous condition, was taken down and rebuilt by 1720, funded by a tax of one shilling per ton on all coal and culm brought into the city, with the corporation contributing £200 towards the building expense.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Christ church being in a ruinous condition, was taken down, and rebuilt in the year 1720, by a tax of one shilling per ton, laid on all coal and culm brought into the city. The corporation gave £200 towards the expense of the building.

    1718 The king's castle was taken down in this year, and houses were built on its site. The queen's castle was standing in the reign of James I. Both were situated at the lower end of Castle street.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, Christ Church had fallen into a ruinous condition. It was taken down and rebuilt by 1720. A tax of one shilling per ton on all coal and culm brought into the city paid for the work, and the corporation gave £200 towards the expense of the building.

36. Christ Church steeple sinks and is taken down

    Cork · city · Cork · 1748

    In 1748 the steeple of Christ Church in Cork sank so much on one side that it had to be taken down as low as the roof of the church. This structural failure affected a key city-centre ecclesiastical building.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The steeple of Christ Church sunk so much at one side, that it was taken down as low as the roof of the church.

    In the summer of this year there fell, in and about the town of Doneraile, a shower of a yellowish substance which resembled brimstone, and had a sulphureous smell; it lay but thin on the gromid, and soon dissolved.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 99

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1748. The steeple of Christ Church sunk so much at one side that it had to be taken down as low as the roof of the church. A key ecclesiastical building in the city centre, reduced by a structural failure that left it truncated and diminished.

37. City of Cork steamer launched at Passage West

    Passage West · town · Cork · 1815

    A steamer named the 'City of Cork' was launched at Passage West before a large crowd. The vessel was built by Mr. Andrew Hennfissy.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    \0. — The city of Cork steamer was launched at Passage, in A.D. presence of an immense concourse of spectators. This vessel was built by Mr. Andrew Hennfissy.

    Sept 26.— The common council voted the freedom of this city to Field Marshal Prince Blucher, for his services at the battle of Waterloo,

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    Passage West saw a notable launch in 1815. A steamer called the City of Cork was launched before an immense concourse of spectators. The vessel was built by Mr. Andrew Hennfissy.

38. Convent of minorits near Youghal founded

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1231–1257

    Maurice Fitzgerald founded a convent of minorits near Youghal around 1231, on the south side of the town. He later took the habit of this order, died in 1257, and was buried in the convent church; he is said to have first introduced the order into Ireland.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    1231 The convent of minorits, near Youghal, was founded by Maurice

    Fitzgerald, on the south side of the town, about this year. He died on the 8th of May 1257, having taken the habit of this order, and was buried in the church of this convent. He is said to have been the first that introduced this order into Ireland.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Near the town of Youghal, Maurice Fitzgerald founded a convent of minorits around 1231. He later took the habit of this order himself, died on the 8th of May 1257, and was buried in the church of this convent. He is said to have been the first to introduce this order into Ireland.

39. Cork corporation plans to extend Sullivan's-quay to South-bridge

    Cork · city · Cork · 1810

    The corporation of Cork determined to improve the city by pulling down houses on the right of Blackmoor-lane and continuing Sullivan's-quay to the South-bridge.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Oct. 10. — The corporation determined to improve this city, by pulling down the houses on the right of Blackmoor-lane, and continuing Sullivan's-quay to the South-bridge.

    An immense quantity of sprats and herrings was taken for some days past ; in many instances the herring nets burst from their weight of fish, and the sprats were taken in shoals by the simplest means, and within a mile of this city.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

    As the companion tells it

    In 1810, on October 10, the corporation of Cork determined to improve the city by pulling down houses on the right of Blackmoor-lane and continuing Sullivan's-quay to the South-bridge. The same record notes that an immense quantity of sprats and herrings was taken; herring nets burst from their weight of fish, and sprats were taken in shoals by the simplest means, within a mile of the city.

40. Cork corporation sells new customs to William Skiddy Fitz-John

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Cork corporation granted the year's new customs to merchant William Skiddy Fitz-John for £210, with power to distrain for payment. The customs had been established by a corporation bye-law.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Oct. 27, — In consideration of £210, the new customs, which had been granted by a bye-law, were set by the corporation unto William Skiddy Fitz-John, merchant, for a year, from the 1st Oct. then inst. with power to distrain for the same.

    Oct. 29. — The following bye-law was made by the corporation, " having considered the great enormitie and hindrances that proceed to this common-wealth and good government of this city and citizens, in admitting young gentlemen, being mayors' sons and heirs, being of tender years, to the office of mayoraltie, before they were first bailiffs; and albeit, that a certain number of young men were admitted councillors of the citty, who never had borne the office of bailiffship, amongst which Wm. Goold fitz George, Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, William Skiddy fitz John, Edward Roche fitz Edmond, and Geoffry Gallwey fitz Patrick, being all sons and heirs to mayors, were, upon their being admitted councillors, faithfully promised to be never troubled or called to the election or office of bailiffship, but only reserved to supply upon other necessities the office of mayoralty as occasion would be ministered, every one in his own rank and antiquitie, notwithstanding the by-law made, that none should be made or admitted mayor, but such as first should be bailiflf or sheriflf, as by that bye-law appeareth, wherein is mentioned that every old mayor should successively take the office of mayoraltie, by means of which law Mr. Geo. Goold, now mayor, v/as compelled to undergo that office of mayoraltie for this present year, and Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, notwithstanding the former promise, to be sheriff for this present year ; it is made a bye-law that none shall be mayor, but such as first undergo the office of sheriflfship, and that every mayors' son and heir shall be elected and chosen sheriff, every one in his

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 211

    As the companion tells it

    This is Cork. On October 27, the corporation here granted the year's new customs to a merchant named William Skiddy Fitz-John, for £210. The customs had been established by a corporation bye-law. The grant ran for a year from the first of October, and gave him power to distrain for payment. Two days later, on October 29, the corporation made another bye-law. They had considered what they called the "great enormitie and hindrances" that came from admitting young gentlemen, being mayors' sons and heirs, of tender years, to the office of mayoralty before they had first served as bailiffs. A number of young men had been admitted councillors of the city who had never borne the office of bailiffship. Among them were William Goold Fitz George, Dominick Tirrie Fitz Edmond, William Skiddy Fitz John, Edward Roche Fitz Edmond, and Geoffry Gallwey Fitz Patrick, all sons and heirs to mayors. When they were admitted councillors, they had been faithfully promised they would never be troubled or called to the election or office of bailiffship, but only reserved to supply the office of mayoralty as occasion required, each in his own rank and antiquity. This was despite an existing bye-law that none should be mayor unless first a bailiff or sheriff, and that every old mayor should successively take the office of mayoralty. By that law, George Goold, now mayor, was compelled to undergo the office of mayoralty for the present year, and Dominick Tirrie Fitz Edmond, notwithstanding the former promise, to be sheriff for the present year. The corporation then made it a bye-law that none should be mayor unless first undergoing the office of sheriffship, and that every mayor's son and heir should be elected and chosen sheriff, each in his own rank.

41. Cork rejoicings for rejection of Act of Union

    Cork · city · Cork · 1799

    On January 28th, 1799, bonfires and general rejoicings took place in Cork city for the rejection of the Act of Union by the Irish parliament.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    28. — There were bonfires and general rejoicings in this city for the rejection of the act of union by the Irish parliament.

    March 16. — General Lake gave directions for all persons in this county to post upon their doors a list of the inhabitants in each house, and that no person on any pretext whatever should be absent from his house, during the hours between eight o'clock at night and sunrise, and that any persons not complying with these directions, should be made prisoners, and immediately sutler whatever punishment a court martial might adjudge.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 134

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has seen its share of celebrations and its share of fear. On the 28th of January, 1799, there were bonfires and general rejoicings in the city for the rejection of the Act of Union by the Irish parliament. The rejoicing did not last long. By the 16th of March, General Lake gave directions for all persons in the county to post on their doors a list of the inhabitants in each house. No person was to be absent between eight o'clock at night and sunrise. Anyone not complying would be made a prisoner and face whatever punishment a court martial might adjudge.

42. Cork's ancient walls on two marshy islands

    Cork · city · Cork

    Within its ancient walls, Cork occupied two marshy islands separated by a small channel of the river, still partly open near Fishamble-lane, continuing beneath houses at the south side of Castle-street to the arches under the Grand Parade. The channel and Main-street divided the old island into four quarters.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    We shall now add a few words on the modern progress of the city. Cork within its ancient walls, occupied tv/o marshy islands, separated by a small channel of the river,* still partly open near Fishamble-lane, and which continues its course beneath the houses at the south side of Castle-street, till it reaches the arches under the Grand Parade, at which place it

    religious views of the several classes of Irish, which was presented to the council of Spain, about the year 1618, on the part of the disaiFecteJ Irish. It is a very intelligent and dispassionate statement, and well worthy of perusal.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    Cork within its ancient walls occupied two marshy islands, separated by a small channel of the river. That channel is still partly open near Fishamble-lane. From there it continues its course beneath the houses at the south side of Castle-street, until it reaches the arches under the Grand Parade. The channel and Main-street divided the old island into four quarters. What you pass through was once water and wet ground, built over and paved, the river pushed underground but still flowing beneath.

43. Cove shops shut two days mourning Admiral Kingsmill

    Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1805

    Every shop in Cove was kept shut for two days as a mark of respect and regret for the death of Admiral Kingsmill, demonstrating the town's strong naval connections.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Dec. 2. — Every shop in the town of Cove was kept shut for two days, to testify the regret of the inhabitants for the death of Admiral Kingsmill.

    6. — The corporation voted to the late mayor, Charles Evanson, a service of plate worth £200, for the dignified and hospitable manner in which he had supported the office of Chief Magistrate of this city during his mayoralty. 1806 Feb. 11. — About two o'clock, the Britannia of Liverpool,

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 142

    As the companion tells it

    Cobh was once called Cove, and its ties to the sea ran deep. On the second of December 1805, every shop in the town was kept shut for two days. The people closed their doors to testify their regret for the death of Admiral Kingsmill.

44. Cromwell's usurpation suspends Cork's civil magistracy

    Cork · city · Cork · 1645–1655

    During Cromwell's usurpation, Cork had no civil magistrates for ten years. In 1655, Sir William Fenton and four other ancient freemen elected John Hodder as Mayor, after which all Corporation offices were filled by Protestants.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    For ten years there were no civil Magistrates, it being the period of Cromwell' s usurpation. In the year 1655, Sir William Fenton, and four others, xvho were ancient freemen of the city, met together and elected John Hodder, Mayor, and William Hodder and Philip Matheivs, Sheriffs. Since this time all the offices of the Corporation have been filled by Protestants,

    1656 John Hodder,

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 186

    As the companion tells it

    Cork went ten years without civil magistrates, during Cromwell's usurpation. In 1655, Sir William Fenton and four other ancient freemen of the city met and elected John Hodder as Mayor, with William Hodder and Philip Mathews as Sheriffs. From that time on, all offices of the Corporation were filled by Protestants.

45. Crowd digs for money near new Cork barrack

    Cork · city · Cork · 1764

    On February 20, 1764, a crowd of people began digging for money near the new barrack in Cork, suggesting a treasure-seeking episode tied to the military site.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    July 31. — Prayers for fair weather were offered up in all the churches in Cork; it being the wettest summer ever remembered. 1764 Feb. 20. — A crowd of people began to dig for money near the

    new barrack.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 102

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has its odd moments. On February 20, 1764, a crowd of people began to dig for money near the new barrack in the city. What they hoped to find, or whether they found anything, the record does not say.

46. Danes plunder and burn Cape Clear and Cork

    Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork · 837

    During the reign of Connor, monarch of Ireland, the Danes miserably harassed this country. Among other devastations, Inis-Damhly (Cape Clear) and also Cork were plundered and burned.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    During the reign of Connor, monarch of Ireland, this country 837 was miserably harassed by the Danes, who at that time began to settle in the island. Among other devastations, Inis-Damhly, i.e. Cape Clear, and also Cork, were plundered and burned.

    Feidlemid, son of Crinhain, was king of Munster at this time. 8io The Ulster annals describe him as the best of the Scots, a scribe, and an anchorite. His works, with the titles of them, are lost.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 38

    As the companion tells it

    Cape Clear was called Inis-Damhly. In 837, under Connor, monarch of Ireland, the Danes were settling in the island and miserably harassing the country. They plundered and burned Cape Clear and also Cork. Feidlemid, son of Crinhain, was king of Munster then. The Ulster annals call him the best of the Scots, a scribe, and an anchorite. His works, with their titles, are lost.

47. Dermot Mac Owen Carty of Duhallow submits to the crown

    Duhallow · barony · Cork · 1600

    Dermot Mac Owen Carty, lord of Duhallow, and Mac Auliff made suit to be received as subjects of the crown. Lord President Carew granted this to divide the rebels and concentrate his forces against the pretended earl.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    About this time Dermot Mac Owen Carty, lord of Duhallow, and Mac AulifF, made suit to be received as subjects, which the lord president soon after granted, as he had no other way at that time, but to divide the rebels, that he might employ the whole army against the pretended earl.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 69

    As the companion tells it

    Duhallow, around 1600. Dermot Mac Owen Carty, lord of Duhallow, and Mac Auliff made suit to be received as subjects of the crown. Lord President Carew granted it, as he had no other way at that time but to divide the rebels, that he might employ the whole army against the pretended earl.

48. Dunderrow Roche property inherited by Kearneys of Garretstown

    Dunderrow · townland · Cork · 1603–1837

    The large property of the Roche family's Dunderrow branch passed by an heir general to the Kearneys of Garretstown. On the death of James Kearney, his cousin Mr. Rochfort succeeded and bequeathed the estates to Mr. Cuthbert of Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The I?oclies, viscounts Fcrmoy, one of the original English families of this county, forfeited their honours and lauds in 1641. A branch of the family was seated at Ballymolgole, or Ballymagooly, so far back as 1344, when William de lloche of this place was made sheriff of the county of Cork. Ballymagooly, with an extensive mountainous tract adjoining, was sold in 1683, by a Theobald Eoche to James Cotter,* esquire, for a sum of £2,782, which is little more than its present annual value. The whole was soon after erected into a manor by patent. The families of Roche of Trabolgau and Dunderrow or Holly-hill, whose ancestors had been leading citizens of Cork, seem to have retired to their estates about the reign of James the first. The large property of the Dunderrow branch, came by an heir general to the Kearneys of Garretstown. On the death of the late James Kearney, esquire, his cousin Mr. Rochfort, succeeded to all his estates, and at his death bequeathed them to Mi*. Cuthbert, of Cork, whose sister he had married.

    The families of Barrett, Condon or Caunton and Fitzgibboa were anciently of so much note and power, that they gave names to the cantreds or baronies which formed their seigniories. It is probable they had lands or chiefries throughout the entire of these districts. We have not heard of any ascertained male descend-' ants of these families, though their names are very common. The Fitz-Geralds seneschals of Imokilly, (men of great i30wer,) were also involved in the common forfeitures, but their line stills subsists at Castle Richard.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Dunderrow, the Roche family once held a large property. The families of Roche of Trabolgan and Dunderrow, or Holly-hill, whose ancestors had been leading citizens of Cork, seem to have retired to their estates about the reign of James the First. The large property of the Dunderrow branch came by an heir general to the Kearneys of Garretstown. On the death of James Kearney, his cousin Mr. Rochfort succeeded to all his estates, and at his death bequeathed them to Mr. Cuthbert of Cork, whose sister he had married. The Roches were one of the original English families of this county, and as viscounts Fermoy they forfeited their honours and lands in 1641. A branch of the family was seated at Ballymagooly as far back as 1344, when William de Roche of that place was made sheriff of the county of Cork. Ballymagooly, with an extensive mountainous tract adjoining, was sold in 1683 by Theobald Roche to James Cotter for a sum of £2,782, which is little more than its present annual value. The whole was soon after erected into a manor by patent.

49. Earl of Cork supplies forces at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

    Youghal was supplied by the earl of Cork at his own expense with forces, to whom he gave constant pay.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Youghal was supplied by tlie earl of Cork, at his own expense, with forces, to whom he gave constant pay.

    Cork was blockaded in this month. General Barry and lord Muskerry invested it on the south side, and it was expected lord Roche and others would act similarly on the north side; to prevent which, the lord president, who was then shut up in the city, sent the earl of Inchiquin and colonel Jephson, with two troops, which

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal, in 1642, was supplied by the earl of Cork at his own expense with forces, and to those forces he gave constant pay.

50. Earl of Desmond came to Cork with great force

    Cork · city · Cork · 1377

    Gerald, Earl of Desmond, came to the city of Cork at the command of the justices of Ireland with a great force of men and remained there several days at his own expense. He was paid ten marks as remuneration.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    10. — Gerald, Earl of Desmond, having come to the city of Cork, at the commandof the justices of Ireland, with a great force of men, and having remained there for several days, at his own expense, was paid ten marks, to remunerate him for the same, and as a compensation for his servant having been drowned by accident, when riding over a piece of water, near the city, on a horse belonging to the earl, of the value of two marks.

    ^pril 1 8. — Five marks were ordered to be paid to John Brittaii, the chief remembrancer of the court of exchequer, because, when on his journey to Cork, he had lost a horse of the value of 100s. in the water of the town of Youghal, from a defect of the ferry.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 49

    As the companion tells it

    The city of Cork saw a show of armed force in 1377. Gerald, Earl of Desmond, came to Cork at the command of the justices of Ireland, bringing a great force of men. He stayed for several days, and he bore the cost himself. For this, he was paid ten marks. But the payment covered more than his service. It also compensated him for the loss of a servant, who drowned by accident while riding over a piece of water near the city. The man was on a horse belonging to the earl, a horse worth two marks. So the ten marks stood for both the earl's days in Cork at his own expense and the price of a horse and a life lost in the water nearby.

51. Earl of Desmond patents government of four counties

    Cork · city · Cork · 1438

    James, Earl of Desmond, obtained a patent for the government and custody of the counties of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kerry. He also secured a license from the Earl of Ormond to absent himself from all future parliaments and to purchase any lands he pleased.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    James, earl of Desmond, obtained a patent for the government ^■^^^ and custody of the counties of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kerry. He also procured a license, from James, earl of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to absent himself during his life, from all future parliaments, providing a sufficient proxy in his room ; and to purchase any lands he pleased, by whatever service they were holden of the crown.

    The bishop of Cork and Cloyne, and the dean and chapter of 1^-15 Cork, signed a testimonial of the good behaviour of James, earl of Ormond, during his administration as lord lieutenant of Ireland; it was also signed by the corporation of Cork and Yonghal, the lords Barry, Iloche, and others. . There was a great plague and fauiine iu Ireland. 1417

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    In 1438, James, Earl of Desmond, obtained a patent for the government and custody of four counties: Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kerry. He also secured a license from James, Earl of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to absent himself during his life from all future parliaments, providing a sufficient proxy in his room, and to purchase any lands he pleased, by whatever service they were holden of the crown.

52. Enemy entrenchments deserted at Ballyclogh

    Ballyclogh · town · Cork · 1691

    A detachment of 400 horse and foot under Major Culliford marched from Cork towards Ballyclogh, where the enemy were entrenching themselves. On his approach they deserted their works, leaving seven men including four officers as prisoners.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    March 21. — A detachment of 400 horse and foot under major CuUiford marched from Cork towards Ballyclogh, where the enemy were entrenching themselves ; but on his approach they deserted their works, and left seven of their men, four of whom were officers, to be taken prisoners. At Bantry also, 70 of the Irish were killed, and 15 taken prisoners.

    24 — Mr. Becher having seized an island on the coast, harrassed the Irish from thence.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    March 21, 1691. Near the town of Ballyclogh, the enemy were entrenching themselves when a detachment of 400 horse and foot under Major Culliford marched from Cork toward them. On his approach, they deserted their works and left seven men, four of them officers, to be taken prisoners.

53. Equinoctial gale damages Ursuline convent, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1811

    A violent equinoctial gale from N.N.W. levelled several trees in the suburbs of Cork and damaged a considerable part of the roof of the new buildings at the Ursuline convent.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    24. — The equinoctial gale commenced this night ; it blew a violent storm N.N W. ; several trees in the suburbs were levelled, and a considerable part of the roof of the new buildings at the Ursuline convent, was damaged by its effects.

    JVbw.18. — On this and the following day, the Court of Common Pleas was engaged in an important trial at bar, in which the mayor of Cork was plaintiff, and the Earl of Ormond and others defendants. The object of the plaintiff was to ascertain, in a feigned issue directed by an act of parliament, whether he was entitled to the prisage of wines in the port of Cork, and, if he proved himself so entitled, then to recover from the Earl of Ormond and the lords of the treasury £67,000 Irish, part of a

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 148

    As the companion tells it

    On the 24th in 1811, an equinoctial gale began in the night. It blew a violent storm from the north-northwest. Several trees in the suburbs of Cork were levelled, and a considerable part of the roof of the new buildings at the Ursuline convent was damaged by its effects. On the 18th, the Court of Common Pleas was engaged in an important trial at bar, in which the mayor of Cork was plaintiff and the Earl of Ormond and others were defendants. The mayor sought to ascertain whether he was entitled to the prisage of wines in the port of Cork, and if so, to recover from the Earl of Ormond and the lords of the treasury £67,000 Irish.

54. Explosion at old barracks injures soldiers

    Cork · city · Cork · 1797

    On November 14th, 1797, an explosion took place in one of the rooms of the old barracks in Cork, severely burning some soldiers. Fire engines were used to extinguish the blaze quickly.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    JSTov. 14 — An explosion took place in one of the rooms of the old barrack, by which some of the soldiers were severely burnt; but by theassistance of the fire engines, the fire was soon extinguished.

    This being the year of the Irish rebellion, the entire of the 1798 county of Cork was proclaimed by the lord lieutenant on the 16di of April.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 134

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, November 14th, 1797. An explosion happened in one of the rooms of the old barracks here. Some of the soldiers were severely burnt. Fire engines were brought in and the blaze was soon put out.

55. Fire consumes five thatched houses on Evergreen Road, Cork

    near Evergreen Road · street · Cork · 1773

    A fire broke out among thatched houses on the Evergreen Road in Cork around one o'clock in the morning, consuming five of them.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Aug. 14, — About one o'clock this morning a fire broke out among some thatched houses on the Evergreen road, five of which were consumed.

    Sept. 30. — For several nights past a strong party of the military did duty at the city gaol, in consequence of a report having been circulated that two women who had been sentenced to be hanged and burnt for the murder of a butcher in a Fair-lane riot, intended to make their escape, assisted by the Fair-Line mob, which it was said, intended to make an attack on the gaol for that purpose.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 114

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Evergreen Road, in the early hours of August 14, 1773, fire broke out among thatched houses. It happened around one o'clock in the morning. Five of the houses were consumed.

56. Flooding sweeps away Healy's Bridge near Inniscarragh

    Inishcarra · parish · Cork · 1813

    In December 1813, excessive rainfall caused disasters around Cork. Healy's Bridge near Inniscarragh was totally swept away, and several streets in Cork city were rendered impassable from flooding.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Various disasters were occasioned by excessive falls of rain in the neighbourhood of Cork, Healy"s bridge near Inniscarragh was totally swept away, and several of the streets of this city were rendered impassable ffom the state of inundation caused by the floods.

    13. — It was stated in court by the recorder, upon the authority of the lamp-collector, that within the space of the previous month, not less than 500 ofthe lamps had been broken in the city. 1814 Jan. 9. — A fire broke out in the rear of the South-main-st.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 149

    As the companion tells it

    Inishcarra, in County Cork. In December 1813, excessive rainfall brought disaster to the neighbourhood of Cork. Healy's Bridge, near Inniscarragh, was totally swept away by the floods. Several streets in Cork city were rendered impassable from the state of inundation caused by the waters.

57. Forty-eight prisoners discharged from north gaol by act of grace

    Cork · city · Cork · 1728

    By an act of grace, 48 persons were discharged from the north gaol in Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Juli/ 12th — By an act of grace 48 persons were discharged 172s from the north gaol.

    One Croneen was hanged and quartered at Gallows Green, for 1730 the murder of Andrew St. Leger, Esq. his wife and gardener ; he was immediately after his trial put into a dung cart and car-

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 215

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1728. On the 12th of July, by an act of grace, 48 persons were discharged from the north gaol. That is all the record tells.

58. Four suns appeared in Cork skies

    Cork · city · Cork · 1234

    In 1234, a remarkable atmospheric phenomenon appeared in Cork and several other places, resembling four great suns of a red colour besides the natural sun, with a great circle of crystal colour and half-circles emanating from its sides.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    1234 April 1 — There appeared in Cork, and several other places, the resemblance of four great suns, besides the natural sun, of a red

    CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck

    As the companion tells it

    In the year 1234, on the first of April, the people of Cork looked up and saw something strange. Four great suns appeared in the sky, red in colour, beside the natural sun. The same sight was seen in several other places. A great circle of crystal colour hung there, with half-circles reaching from its sides.

59. Freedom of Cork voted to Prince Blucher for Waterloo

    Cork · city · Cork · 1815

    The common council of Cork voted the freedom of the city to Field Marshal Prince Blucher in recognition of his services at the Battle of Waterloo.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Sept 26.— The common council voted the freedom of this city to Field Marshal Prince Blucher, for his services at the battle of Waterloo,

    OcL 1. — The freemen voted a piece of plate, or an increase of salary, to William Waggett, Esq., the recorder; but he declined accepting of either.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1815. On the 26th of September, the common council voted the freedom of the city to Field Marshal Prince Blucher, for his services at the battle of Waterloo. The city chose to honour a man who had helped break Napoleon, giving him a civic freedom won on a field in Belgium.

60. Garrycloyne castle of the Sarsfield viscounts Kilmallock

    Garrycloyne · townland · Cork

    Garrycloyne castle belonged to the Sarsfield family, viscounts Kilmallock. Daniel, viscount Kilmallock, the owner of Garrycloyne, appears in a 1652 list of inhabitants of Cork, indicating he resided in the city rather than on his estate.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Some of these families had castles on their estates, as Meadestown, a castle of the Meades: Pouhielong or Shippool castle,* huilt by the Roches ; Garrycloyne castle belonging to the Sarsfields viscounts Kilmallock. These castles were probably necessary for the protection of the tenants and cattle of the estates ; but we are not to conclude that they v/ere the usual residences of their owners, who, as citizens, must have despised the barbarism of the country, and preferred the society of the towns. This conclusion is supported by a manuscript list of the ancient natives and inhabitants of the city of Cork, drawn up in 1652, f among whom we find Daniel, viscount Kilmallock, the owner of Garrycloyne castle, and John Meade, of Meadestown. Yet peace and security had prevailed in the country for many years previous to 1641. The estates of the others are not mentioned. William Meade, esq. , is named in the list. lie was probably the same person who is mentioned in the peerages as the ancestor of the earl of Clanwilliam, and as being the owner of an estate called Ballintobber, near Kinsale, on which, however, it appears by this list, he did not think fit to reside. We may take this opportunity to observe, that the investigation of family history is of more use than is commonly supposed ; it often contributes to throw liglit on the history of mankind and human nature ; we have endeavoured to press it into our service ; but our materials are very scanty. We would earnestly urge our countrymen, on

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Garrycloyne castle, which belonged to the Sarsfields, viscounts Kilmallock. A book on the annals of Cork tells us that several families kept castles on their estates, like Meadestown, a castle of the Meades, and Pouhielong or Shippool castle built by the Roches. Garrycloyne castle was another of these. The writer says these castles were probably necessary for the protection of the tenants and cattle of the estates, but we are not to conclude that they were the usual residences of their owners. The owners were citizens, and as citizens, they must have despised the barbarism of the country and preferred the society of the towns. A manuscript list of the ancient natives and inhabitants of the city of Cork, drawn up in 1652, supports this. Among those listed we find Daniel, viscount Kilmallock, the owner of Garrycloyne castle, and John Meade of Meadestown. The list also names William Meade, probably the same person mentioned in the peerages as the ancestor of the earl of Clanwilliam, the owner of an estate called Ballintobber near Kinsale, on which he did not think fit to reside. The writer notes that peace and security had prevailed in the country for many years previous to 1641.