History of Clonmel

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Weirs on the Suir obstructing river trade to Clonmel and Cahir

   near River Suir · river · Kilkenny · 1535–1537

   Multiple weirs erected on the Suir between Clonmel and Carrick, and up to Cahir, were reported as dangerous obstructions causing frequent loss of goods and endangering lives on the river.

   Read the passage

   Itm of the werys [weirs] made from Clonmell to the Carry k they fynde the greate daunger and enormyties of them that both men and goods byn dayly in daunger of loseing, and by west toun into the cahyrd (c).

   In spite of all law Carrick folk continued to levy toll on the Clonmel trade.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   The road runs near the River Suir, where weirs were thrown up between Clonmel and Carrick and as far as Cahir. By 1535 they were reported as a great danger, with men and goods daily at risk of being lost. The Carrick folk also kept levying toll on the Clonmel trade in spite of all law.

2. Williamite forces spot Irish scouts near Kilcash mountain

   Kilcash · townland · Tipperary · 1690

   As William's forces marched from Kells toward the mills near Clonmel with cannon in the van, they passed by the mountain above Kilcash and observed two small parties of the enemy hovering there, suspected of designs on the baggage train.

   Read the passage

   We marched from Kells [Co. Kilkenny] to the mills near Clonmel with four pieces of cannon in the van. As we passed by the mountain above Kilcash we saw two small parties of the enemy hovering on the mountain and supposed to have a design on our baggage (»).

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 9

3. 1543 seal impression of Clonmel found in Kilkenny Castle

   Kilkenny Castle · castle · Kilkenny · 1543

   The only known impression of the seal the town had traditionally used before the Jacobean charter is appended to a document held at Kilkenny Castle, dated 1543, though it is now unrecognizable due to wear.

   Read the passage

   Only one impression of the seal which "hitherto they had been accustomed to " is known to exist ; it is appended to a document in Kilkenny Castle of the date 1543, but it is unrecognizable. The two seals at present in use were probably provided in accordance with a presentment of the D'Ouir Hundred Jury, 24th May, 1714.

   Wee present that the Mayor and Councill will order a new Seale to be made for sealinge of Leases and Freedomes, which wee desire to be kept in the Chest and that there be a small Seale for the Mayor carrying in his pockett to sign Capiasses and Warrants, and that the old Seale be melted down.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 16

4. Christian Brothers' Schools founded at SS. Peter and Paul's, Clonmel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1810–1858

   The Christian Brothers were introduced from Waterford about 1810 and built new schools and residence in 1846 at a cost of approximately £3,300. By 1858 the school had 465 pupils on the rolls, funded through subscriptions and various bequests.

   Read the passage

   The Christian Brothers were introduced from Waterford about l8lO. The present schools and residence, erected in 1846, on a site for which a rent of £3 lOs. a year is paid. The buildings cost approximately £3,300, the money being raised by subscriptions and annual collections for some years. In 1858 the number of pupils on the rolls was 465.

   Endowments consist, as far as can be ascertained, of a rent charge of £37 15s. yearly under the will of Terence Lalor, who died 21 August, 1853 ; fifteen shares in National Bank, bequeathed by Rev. Michael Burke, P.P., who died October, 1866; £1,000 under the will of Mr. J. Barron ; the object of these endowments being the maintenance and support of the Christian Brothers, and for feeding and clothing the children attending their school.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where the Christian Brothers were introduced from Waterford about 1810. New schools and residence went up in 1846, costing about £3,300 and raised through subscriptions and annual collections. By 1858 the rolls held 465 pupils. The school drew support from several bequests: a yearly rent charge under the will of Terence Lalor, who died in 1853; fifteen shares in the National Bank left by Reverend Michael Burke, who died in 1866; and £1,000 under the will of J. Barron. These endowments went toward maintaining the Brothers and feeding and clothing the children attending their school.

5. Clonmel freed from purveyance abuses

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1376

   A 1376 mandatum ended the practice by which purveyors and servants of great lords seized corn and victuals from Clonmel burgesses without payment, following a petition from the Superior and commonalty for redress.

   Read the passage

   Edward by the grace of God, etc. Whereas in a Statute of Westminster lately promulgated, it is enacted inter alia that no corn, victuals or other goods belonging to any prelate, religious person, cleric or layman, be taken under colour of " emption " against the will of the owner or keeper, within any trading town, and that no horses, bullocks, cars, ships or boats be taken for conveyance against the will of the owner, and if taken with his consent he must be satisfied according to agreement, and whosoever offends in the premises and is convicted shall be imprisoned during our pleasure and that of our Court according to the amount of the offence. And Whereas on the part of our beloved the Superior and commonalty of Clonmel within our said land, it is shown that certain evil doers calling themselves purveyors and servants of great folk (magnatum) and others, have up to now taken corn and other victuals from several burgesses against their will and did not satisfy them according to the statute, the superior and commonalty have humbly petitioned us for redress, we therefore wishing to keep the statute inviolate, command under the penalties expressed therein that the superior and burgesses or any of them be not molested contrary to its tenor.

   The Ormonds as lords palatine, in 1385 gave the citizens a further extension of liberty. James le Botiller granted to the sovereign provost and commonalty that their taxes should be rateably assessed by themselves, that they should not be compelled to serve on juries, etc., out of the borough, and that they should have the " office of the market," that is the market tolls and the court of Pie Poudre which adjudicated on all disputes arising therein.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

   As the companion tells it

   You are approaching Clonmel in Tipperary. In 1376 the town's Superior and commonalty petitioned the Crown for redress against men who called themselves purveyors and servants of great lords, and had been seizing corn and victuals from Clonmel burgesses against their will and without payment. A royal mandate, citing the Statute of Westminster, commanded that the Superior and burgesses be no longer molested, on pain of imprisonment for offenders. Nine years later, in 1385, James le Botiller, the Ormond lord palatine, granted the citizens further liberty: their taxes were to be rateably assessed by themselves, they could not be compelled to serve on juries outside the borough, and they received the office of the market, the market tolls and the court of Pie Poudre that adjudicated disputes arising within it.

6. Corporation protests dismantling of Clonmel's citadel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1673

   In 1673, amid fears the Irish might again seize the town as in 1641, the mayor and corporation of Clonmel protested against plans to dismantle the town's citadel, communicated to Ormond's agent Mathew by Charles Alcocke.

   Read the passage

   According to the commands I received lately from your Honour at Thomastown, I have acquainted the mayor of this town with what Sir Wm. Davis lately intimated to your Honour concerning the dismantling of the citadel of this town, which the mayor apprehends to be a matter of that moment, that he desires your Honour or Sir William Davis will please to intimate your sense or desire in the matter under your hands, that so he may advise with his brethren of this corporation in order to give your Honour a full and satisfactory answer, which will be much an obligation to them.

   The protest was unavailing. In the negotiations for the establishing of the woollen industry, Nelthorpe cast his eyes on the Fort as the most suitable premises for the factory. A correspondent wrote to Ormond : " Nelthorpe

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 48

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Clonmel, you are near a town whose corporation fought to keep its citadel in 1673. Fears that the Irish might seize the town again, as in 1641, lay behind their alarm. Charles Alcocke wrote to Ormond's agent Mathew that the mayor wanted the order to dismantle the citadel put in writing, so he could consult his brethren of the corporation before giving a full answer. The protest was unavailing. When negotiations began for establishing a woollen industry, Nelthorpe cast his eyes on the Fort as the most suitable premises for the factory.

7. Edward Butler's 1619 will requests burial in Franciscan Abbey of Clonmel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1619

   Edward Butler's 1619 will requested his body be buried in the Abbey of St. Francis in Clonmel among his ancestors, and detailed debts owed to Bristol merchants and to Irish servants, reflecting the mixed community of the town.

   Read the passage

   '3 Will dated 21 May, 1619. "I bequeath my soule to the holly Trinitie and to the blessed virgin Mary and to all the celestiall company in heaven, my boddie to be buried in the Abbey of Sainet ffrancis in Clonmell in my Ancestors buriall. Debts due : to Thomas Bibby of Bristoll sixteen pounds i6s. ster. ; to Mr. Camberline of Bedmister for a brass pott three pounds five shillings ; to my servants lowan McDavid 20s., to Daniel McShane 4s. Debts due to me amounting to ffeefty pounds eight shillings and two penns many of the said debtors dead and dekeaid [i.e., decayed— reduced to poverty.] .... I bequeath the third part said goods to my wife, the third to my children and the third for my soule."

   1805 Butler, James Archer. 1837 Butler, James.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up now is Clonmel, a town with deep Butler roots. In 1619, Edward Butler made his will, asking that his body be buried in the Abbey of St. Francis here in Clonmel, among his ancestors. His will paints a picture of the town's mixed community. He owed money to Bristol merchants like Thomas Bibby and Mr. Camberline of Bedminster, and to Irish servants named Lowan McDavid and Daniel McShane. He was owed over fifty pounds himself, though many of those debtors were dead or reduced to poverty. He left a third of his goods to his wife, a third to his children, and a third for his soul.

8. Failed 1840 attempt to trace Innislounaght abbey foundations

   Inishlounaght · parish · Tipperary · 1840

   In August 1840, O'Donovan and others of the Ordnance Survey attempted to trace the foundations of the abbey of Innislounaght but were wholly unsuccessful; popular tradition holds the ruins were quarried for nearby mills and mansions.

   Read the passage

   The abbey, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, stood about three hundred paces north of the river, and seemingly occupied the western portion of the present graveyard. An attempt was made in August 1840, by O'Donovan and others of the Ordnance Survey, to trace the foundations, but it was wholly unsuccessful. The letters on the subject in the Memoirs (R.LA.) are mostly abusive of a local family, and seeing that an arch of the old church was standing some seventy years ago, the popular story is not improbable that the ruins were used as a quarry for the neighbouring mills and mansions. There is, however, incorporated with the present Protestant church, a Romanesque doorway of four orders, the columns of which are gone, but the

   History of Clonmel. 407

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 40

9. Grant Suspends Tavern Law in Clonmel and Environs

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1618

   In 1618 a grant to the Mayor, Bailiffs, Free burgesses and Commons of Clonmel effectively suspended tavern licensing law, permitting sale of wine and ardent spirits within the town and half a mile round it, tied to the lives of two named individuals.

   Read the passage

   Granted to the Mayor, Bailiffs, Free burgesses and Commons of Clonmel licence to keep taverns and sell wine and ardent spirits in the said town and half a mile round the same during the lives of Nicholas Mulronie Merchant and of Jeffrey Barron son of Laurence Barron of the same town Merchant (ii).

   The result is instructive. In July 1623 the Irish Council reported " that the grant of licensing the sale of wine, aqua vitae (whisky) and ale proving beneficial only to some private persons, and ale houses since that grant being multiplied, being one occasion of the dearth of corn here, [such grants] should be called in " (jj). The recommendation was followed and the trade again brought within due control.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Clonmel, this is a town with a licensing story from 1618. A grant was made to the Mayor, Bailiffs, Free burgesses and Commons of Clonmel, licensing them to keep taverns and sell wine and ardent spirits in the town and half a mile round it, during the lives of Nicholas Mulronie, merchant, and Jeffrey Barron, son of Laurence Barron, also a merchant of the town. The result was instructive. By July 1623 the Irish Council reported that the grant proved beneficial only to some private persons, and ale houses had multiplied since, being one occasion of the dearth of corn. They recommended such grants should be called in. The recommendation was followed, and the trade was again brought within due control.

10. John Bagwell of Marlfield, MP for Clonmel

    Marlfield · townland · Tipperary · 1857–1879

    John Bagwell of Marlfield, nephew of a previous Clonmel MP, represented Clonmel in parliament for many years as a Liberal, holding office as a Lord of the Treasury and being noted for never defaming his country by voice or pen.

    Read the passage

    John Bagwell was son of Rev. Richard Bagwell, Dean of Clogher, and nephew of William Bagwell, member for Clonmel 1806-1819. He was born 1811 ; educated at Winchester ; succeeded to the estates of his uncle William in 1826 ; High Sheriff of Tipperary 1834 ; Lord of the Treasury 1859-61. In politics he was a Liberal of the old school ; an Irishman who in the strife of party and creed, never defamed his country by voice or pen (v). And it is probable that had he, like others, given a nominal adhesion to Butt's Home Rule proposals, he would have represented Clonmel to his death. He died in 1879.

    1859, May 2nd — John Bagwell, Esq., Marlfield. 1859. July 1st— John Bagwell, Esq., Marlfield. 1865, July 14th— John Bagwell, Esq., Marlfield. 1868, Kovember 17th — John Bagwell, Esq., Marlfield. 1874, February llth — Arthur Moore, Esq., Mooresfort.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

11. John Folyot licensed to trade with the 'Irish enemy'

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1408

    In 1408 the King granted John Folyot, a merchant of Clonmel, license to trade with the Irish enemy of Ormond and Ely in Munster for three years, in both war and peace.

    Read the passage

    The King grants to John Folyot, a merchant of Clonmel, that he and his servants for the next three years carry on trading intercourse with the Irish enemy of Ormond and Ely in Munster, as well in time of war as in time of peace (qq).

    It is not therefore a matter ^f surprise if occasionally the Irish enemy dealt with these merchants in a prompt, business like way of their own.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, a town in Tipperary with a long mercantile past. In 1408 the King granted John Folyot, a merchant of Clonmel, license to trade with the Irish enemy of Ormond and Ely in Munster for three years, in both war and peace. The records suggest the Irish enemy sometimes dealt with these merchants in a prompt, businesslike way of their own.

12. Libel Trial: Bagwell v. Power at Clonmel Assizes

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1804

    A trial was held before Lord Norbury and a Special Jury at the Clonmel Summer Assizes in 1804, in which John Bagwell sued Edmond Power, proprietor of the Clonmel Gazette, for libel.

    Read the passage

    8. An Accurate and Faithful Report of a Trial held before the Rt. Hon. Lord Norbury and a Special Jury, at Clonmel, in the County of Tipperary, Summer Assizes 1804. Wherein John Bagwell Esq. wcls Plaintiff, and Edmond Power, Esq. Defendant /^r a Libel. [This is a reprint from the Clonmel Gazette of which Power was proprietor.]

    9. Thoughts on a late Advertisement in The Dublin Evening Post relative to a Meeting to be held in Cashel, on the 22nd day of August, 1807, on the subject of the Moderation of Tythes. — ^T. Gorman Main Street 1807.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this Tipperary town was the setting for a notable libel trial in 1804. At the Summer Assizes, Lord Norbury and a special jury heard the case of John Bagwell against Edmond Power, the proprietor of the Clonmel Gazette. Bagwell was the plaintiff, Power the defendant, and the trial was reported in the Gazette itself.

13. Marriage settlement and dowry of Clonmel, Kilsheelan and Kilfeacle manors

    Kilsheelan · town · Tipperary

    The marriage of Joan, daughter of the Earl of Desmond, to James, heir to the earldom of Ormond, brought the manors of Clonmel, Kilsheelan and Kilfeacle as her dowry, though this settlement was later contested.

    Read the passage

    At intervals war broke out between the Geraldines and the Butlers, and then indeed the combatants in the elegant phraseology of Cox " played the devils'* in the district. In 1516 the Earl of Kildare, lord deputy, having defeated the O'Carrolls marched on Clonmel, then controlled by Sir James Butler, natural son to the Earl of Ormond. He " attempted the town with so much celerity that the townsmen (being surprized) immediately surrendered upon conditions. The deputy returned loaden with hostages, prey and glory." (e). An end seemed to be put to the feud by the marriage of Joan, daughter of the eleventh Earl of Desmond, with James, heir to the earldom of Ormond, the manors of Clonmel, Kilsheelan and Kilfeacle being settled on Butler as her dowry. But as Ormond refused to acknowledge James Fitz John as next Earl of Desmond, the latter felt justified in repudiating the marriage settlement made by his kinsman the eleventh earl. In his attempt to recover these manors he was supported by the lord deputy Bellingham, whose policy was to keep the Irish divided. Ormond complained bitterly of Bellingham's action. "I am credably informed," he wrote, "the Lord Deputie hath counsailid James of Desmond to make werr upon mee for suche landes as my sonn James hath in his wife's right and have procurid Sir Thomas Butler [of Cahir] to be of the same mynde and to take his parte " (f). On the death of James, Earl of Ormond, his countess Joan married Gerald, Earl of Desmond, so that the rivals then stood towards one another in the relation of step-son and step-father. Yet peace was as far off as ever. For when the ownership of the manors was settled, the controversy about the regalities sprang up. In 1558 the question at issue was "the boundyng of the countie of Tipperary, how farre the liberties doo extend and whether the manors of Clomell, Kilfeakill and Kilsheelan being within the said countie ought to answer to the said lybertie. The erle of Ormonde clayming by his patente of graunte

    (c) Cox. Hibernia Anglicana, p. 206.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

14. Ormond grants further liberties to Clonmel burgesses

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1385

    In 1385 James le Botiller granted the sovereign provost and commonalty of Clonmel self-assessment of taxes, exemption from outside jury service, and the office of the market including the Pie Poudre court.

    Read the passage

    The Ormonds as lords palatine, in 1385 gave the citizens a further extension of liberty. James le Botiller granted to the sovereign provost and commonalty that their taxes should be rateably assessed by themselves, that they should not be compelled to serve on juries, etc., out of the borough, and that they should have the " office of the market," that is the market tolls and the court of Pie Poudre which adjudicated on all disputes arising therein.

    These several grants mark the growth of popular freedom from the stage when the burghers were mere serfs under the feudal lord down to the period when some of the " more discreet " of their number sat in parliament as the equals of the barons themselves. But it must be remembered throughout, that these franchises were only for burghers of Norman or English blood. The Celtic Irish as belonging to a different nation had no legal status ; the law took no cognizance of them and afforded no protection either to their lives or their property. Those of them who attached themselves to the English as dependents or servants could not be domiciled within the walls but dwelt in a suburb outside which to this day preserves the name of "the Irish town." And should any Irish even be murdered the only question that could arise would be one of compensation to their master — just as for the loss of so many horses or cattle. For instance in the Pipe roll of 1276 the sheriff returns "David Toerny of Clonmele, Ixxviii. s., on account of the wrongful death of an Irishman belonging to the Lord Edward," to be paid to the said lord. Sometimes, but at rare intervals, an Irish family obtained letters of naturalization by which they were enabled to inhabit and trade. Such a family were the Moroneys who for three hundred years played a prominent part in the town and only disappeared in the first quarter of the eighteenth century.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in a town whose burgesses won real self-government in 1385. James le Botiller granted the sovereign provost and commonalty the right to assess their own taxes, freedom from serving on juries outside the borough, and the office of the market, including the court of Pie Poudre, which judged all disputes arising in the market. These grants marked a growth from feudal dependence toward a stage where some of the more discreet burghers sat in parliament as equals of the barons. But these freedoms belonged only to burgesses of Norman or English blood. The Celtic Irish had no legal status, and the law gave no protection to their lives or property. Irish dependents could not live inside the walls but dwelt in a suburb outside, still called the Irish town. If an Irishman was murdered, the only question was compensation to his master. The Pipe roll of 1276 records that David Toerny of Clonmele paid 78 shillings for the wrongful death of an Irishman belonging to the Lord Edward. At rare intervals a family obtained letters of naturalization, such as the Moroneys, who played a prominent part in the town for 300 years and disappeared in the first quarter of the 18th century.

15. Priory of St Catherine's leased to James Sherlock

    Priorstown · townland · Tipperary · 1540–1558

    On 20th August 1540 the priory of St Catherine's near Waterford was leased to James Sherlock, including lands at Priorstown and Blackrath. Part of the priory possessions passed on James's death in 1558 to his son Patrick, who was a protege of Ormond and fought against the Desmonds.

    Read the passage

    (y) 1540, 20th August the priory of St. Catherines " by Waterford " was leased to James Sherlock, Priorstown, Blackrath, etc., part of the priory possessions passed on the death of James, 1558, to his third son Patrick. Patrick was a protege of Ormond, and took an active part against the Desmonds, Ormond appealed to Cecil on his behalf (State Papers) and the lease was renewed. He married Margaret Blanchfield leaving a son John who married EUice Butler.

    (z) Third Baron of Cahir.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 42

16. Rude stone chalice venerated at Ballypatrick

    Ballypatrick · townland · Tipperary

    A rude stone chalice associated with St. Patrick was long an object of popular veneration at Ballypatrick, later held by Rev. P. Power of Waterford.

    Read the passage

    (d) Glasspatrick now Glen Patrick was a distinct parish as late as the Down Survey, 1654. A rude stone chalice, long an object of popular veneration in Ballypatrick, is now in possession of Rev. P. Power, of Waterford.

    (e) Hennessy and others have identified this Deisi with " Deisbeag," a district lying around Bruff ; the truth seems to be that the Tripartite is a redaction of older lives — such as the one in the Book of Armagh — nt^de by some one imperfectly acquainted with Munster topography. Not to speak of " Patrick's Well " with its extremely ancient Celtic cross, the names Lec-Patrick, Belach- Legtha, Cille MacClairidh, are all discoverable in South Tipperary. The monk Jocelyn, who wrote in the 12th century, makes Lec-Patrick the coronation stone of the Munster Kings on the Rock of Cashel (Ed. Messingham p. 35, Paris, 1624). Belach-Legtha seems to be the very remarkable pass in the Knockmeldown mountains now known as Bay Lough : a Bealanlogh in Co. Tipperary is found in a Piant of Elizabeth dated 1587. Cille Mac Clairidh is possibly Kilmoclear, north of Carrick. These localities may have been confused with Ardpatrick and Singland, in< Co. Limerick, by the compiler of the Tripartite.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here at Ballypatrick, people long venerated a rude stone chalice associated with St. Patrick. The chalice was held locally as a sacred object for years, though it later passed into the possession of the Reverend P. Power of Waterford. The area itself, once called Glasspatrick and later Glen Patrick, was still a distinct parish at the time of the Down Survey in 1654. Several other Patrick-connected names appear across South Tipperary, including Patrick's Well with its ancient Celtic cross, and Lec-Patrick, which the 12th-century monk Jocelyn called the coronation stone of the Munster kings on the Rock of Cashel.

17. Sir Charles Moore's grant of land at Powerstown for a school, 1747

    Powerstown · townland · Tipperary · 1747

    On 23rd April 1747 Sir Charles Moore of Powerstown granted 39 acres just east of Clonmel town for the founding of a school, at a rent of £11 a year, and subscriptions raised £900 to build it.

    Read the passage

    them, bishops and country gentlemen, parliaments and lords lieutenant, vied with one another in founding schools and granting endowments. On 23rd April, 1747, Sir Charles Moore of Powerstown granted 39 acres a little to the east of the town, at a rent of £ll a-year. Subscriptions were collected, and a large school built at a cost of £900. A rent-charge of £75 on 711 acres, was subsequently bequeathed by John Dawson. For a time there was some success. In 1766 forty children of Catholic parents were instructed "in English and arithmetic, in husbandry and housewifery, in the Scriptures and the principles of the Protestant established religion," being provided with diet and lodging. But the enthusiasm died out ; the undisguised souperism of the scheme disgusted the more rational Protestants, and when Howard, the philanthropist, visited the Clonmel Charter School, it was already in extremis.

    Clonmel School June I2th 1787, twenty nine boys.— House dirty :— Wanted beds and bedding. — In the infirmary only two bedsteads and a little dirty straw and lumber. Pantry empty :— children half starved and almost naked.— Usher no allowance : —the master said, he paid one, as he was too old to teach. Allowance for soap and candles only £5. On application to the local committee for allowance for necessaries the answer was " the Society is too poor ; they cannot afford it." The last report in the book was June 1st, 1785.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

18. Spittle or Lazars house west of Clonmel destroyed

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1640

    The Spittle or Lazars house, situated about a quarter mile westward from Clonmel, was wholly destroyed with only part of its wall standing by the time of the 1640 survey, though it had held twenty plantation acres of land.

    Read the passage

    The Spittle or Lazars house situate about a quarter of a mile westward from Clonmell wholly destroyed onely some part of the wall standinge with twenty plant" Acres of arable land and meddow by computation scattered and intermixed with other lands within the Burgagery of Clonmell worth in

    the yeare 1640 ten pounds p annu llOOs. Od. wch house and

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, west of the town once stood the Spittle or Lazars house. By the 1640 survey it was wholly destroyed, with only some part of the wall still standing. It had held twenty plantation acres of arable land and meadow, scattered and intermixed with other lands within the burgagery of Clonmel, worth ten pounds a year.

19. Undivided townlands near Clonmel, 1702

    Lisronagh · townland · Tipperary · 1702

    Four townlands close to Clonmel—Caherclough, Lisronagh, Garranearla and Killmore, totalling 1400 acres—were in 1702 still undivided by dyke or hedgerow, reflecting the unenclosed state of the countryside decades after the woods were cleared.

    Read the passage

    WAS once" wrote Swift in 1700 "in your county, Tipperary, which is like the rest of the whole kingdom, a bare face of nature, without houses or plantations; filthy cabins, miserable, tattered, half starved creatures, scarce in human shape; one insolent ignorant oppressive squire to be found in twenty miles riding; a parish church to be found in a summer day's journey, in comparison of which an English farmer's barn is a cathedral ; a bog of fifteen miles round ; every meadow a slough and every hill a mixture of rock, heath and marsh ; and every male and female from the farmer inclusive to the day labourer, infallibly a thief and consequently a beggar which in this island are terms convertible. There is not an acre of land in Ireland turned to half its advantage ; yet it is better improved than the people; and all these evils are effects of English tyranny ; so your sons and grandchildren will find to their sorrow *YrA The saeva indignatio of the Dean has somewhat darkened the shadows, but the picture in its broad outlines is a true one. The clearing of the woods forty years before had left the county "a bare face of nature." The bogs were still undrained, while much of the land was brought into cultivation only at a period long subsequent. Enclosures there were none; four townlands for example, close to Clonmel, — Caherclough, Lisronagh, Garranearla and Killmore in all 1400 acres, were in 1702 divided neither by dyke nor hedgerow (s). The roads, mere bridal paths, were in the same condition as when St. Patrick had passed over them. The mansions which dignify the landscape had then no existence ; there is not (with probably one exception)

    (r) Swift to Rev. Mr. Brandreth. Swift's Earlier Life, Rev. J. Barrett, London 1808. (s) Ormond, fee farm grant 1702.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

20. Weekly Mayor's Court and twice-weekly markets granted to Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary

    The charter grants Clonmel a weekly court held every Wednesday before the Mayor and Bailiffs with jurisdiction over civil disputes, and establishes two markets a week, on Tuesday and Saturday, together with a Pyepowder Court held during the markets.

    Read the passage

    heirs and successors, WE GRANT unto ye said Mayor Bayliffs, Ffreeburgesses and Comonalty of ye said Borrough and town of Clonmel and their successors forever that the said Mayor, and Bayliffs for ye time being and their successors have and may have and hold twice in each year forever one Court Leet or view of ffrank pledge within ye said town or Borrough and Ffranchises of ye same by the Recorder of the said town or Burrough or his sufficient Deputy for ye time being according to the laws and customs of our kingdom of England or Ireland to be kept forever and all things to ye said Court Leet or View of ffrank pledge belonging or appertaining, AND FURTHER we will and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, we grant to ye said Mayor, Bayliffs, Ffreeburgesses and Comons of ye said Borrough for ye time being, that they and their successors have and may have and hold another Court within ye said town or Borrough and ffranchises of ye same every Wednesday in every week forever before ye Mayor and Bayliffs of ye said town or Borrough for ye time being, and that in ye same Court they have full power and jurisdiction of knowing, hearing, and determining all and all manner of actions as well real as personal and Mixt suites, quarrells and demands of all and singular Lands, Tenements, Debts, Detentions, Trespasses, Attempts, Contracts, Deceyts, Replevies and of old and anciently contracted causes of demand of any matter whatsoever, to what sum soever they amount, attain or arise, within ye said town and Borrough and Ffranchises of ye same and not elsewhere being, arising or happening, and that the said Mayor and Bayliffs of the town or Borrough aforesaid for ye time being have full power and authority to hold, hear, and determine ye said pleas and quarrells according to the due forme of law, and of proceeding to judgment upon the same and making execution thereupon according to the laws and customs of our Kingdom of England or Ireland, and that the Courts aforesaid, and each and every of them, be reputed Courts or Court of Record, AND further of our larger Grace we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, we grant to ye said Mayor, Bayliffs, Ffreeburgesses and Comonalty of the said Borrough or town and their successors that they build or cause to be built one strong sufficient Goall or Prison within the said town or Borrough and ffranchises of the same and that the Bayliffs of the said Borrough for ye time being forever have the custody and keeping of the said Goall and of all and singular the Prisoners in the same from time to time by the said Mayor and BayliflFs for ye time being imprisoned or to be imprisoned, WEE also give and by this our present Charter for us our heirs and successors grant to ye said Mayor, Bayliffs, Ffreeburgesses and Comonalty of ye said town or Borrough aforesaid that they and their successors forever have, and for themselves may detain and keep all and all manner of ffines. Issues, Forfeitures, Amerciaments, in ye Courts or either of them as often as ye same is offered or imposed together with all and singular other perquisites, profitts, Comodities, and Emoluments to ye said Court belonging or appertaining or any wise thereout arising or issuing, for ye better maintaining and sustaining of ye town and Borrough aforesaid, without making or rendering unto us our heirs or successors any accounts of ye same, and moreover by this our present Charter for us, our heirs and successors. We grant and confirm unto the said Mayor, Bayliffs, FfreeBurgesses and Comonalty of ye said town or Borrough for ye time being that they and their successors forever have and keep and may have and keep two several marketts in some convenient place within ye said town or Borrough in every week forever (that is to say) one markett on Tuesday and another on Saturday in every week, to be held forever together with a Pyepowder Court there during ye said Marketts and with all and all manner of Liberties and ffree customs, profitts, Comodities, advantages and emoluments whatsoever to such a Court in any manner belonging or appertaining or any wise arising or issuing, without accounting for ye same

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel, in Tipperary, was granted a charter that shaped its civic life for centuries. Every Wednesday, the Mayor and Bailiffs held a court of record with full power to hear and determine all manner of civil actions, debts, trespasses, contracts, and disputes, whatever sum they amounted to, so long as they arose within the town and its franchises. The charter also granted two markets every week, on Tuesday and Saturday, with a Pyepowder Court sitting during the markets to settle disputes that arose on the spot among traders and buyers. The town was to build a strong prison, and the Bailiffs kept custody of it and its prisoners. All fines, forfeitures, and profits from these courts stayed with the borough for the better maintaining of the town, without accounting to the crown. The courts were to follow the laws and customs of England or Ireland, and the grants were to hold forever.

21. 1608 inquisition at Carrick details Clonmel manor holdings

    Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1608

    An inquisition held at Carrick in 1608 before Sir Nicholas Walsh found that Walter Lawless held the manor of Clonmel in trust for the Earl of Ormond, including the manor house, a water mill, a fishing weir, and a bakehouse used by the townspeople for baking sale bread.

    Read the passage

    (h) State Papers, Elizabeth. An inquisition held at Carrick, 2nd April, 1608, before Sir Nicholas Walsh, found that Walter Lawless (as trustee for the Earl of Ormond) was seized in fee of inter alia "the manor of Clonmel, consisting of the manor house with its appurtenances; a water mill; a weir for fishing; a bakehouse at which all those of the town of Clonmel that make sale bread are for to bake as they were auntiently accustomed; the chief rent of ;f 13 6s. 8d. Irish yearly from

    History of Clonmel. 215

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

22. Burning of sixteen townlands in the barony of Cahir

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1568

    Edmond, son of the White Knight, with others violently burned and spoiled the barony of Cahir, destroying sixteen townlands.

    Read the passage

    Philip Comyn fitz George burnt eight ricks of corn belonging to Edmond Coniyn, of Kilconnell. Connor Fox of Monroe, burnt nine houses, one hundred sheep and swine, and twenty pounds value of house stuff belonging to Teige OTogarty of Duagh. In 1568 Edmond, son of the White Knight, with others "vilonusly burned and spoyled the barrony of Cahir to the number of sixteen townlands." Coyne and livery was universal. Sir Edmond Butler's and the lord of Ormond's men cessed the country with cuddies, horsemen, galloglass, '* goners and doggs." So did the sheriff of the liberty, and the Clonmel jury of 1 576 reported the same of the president of Munster himself.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Caher, you're in a town whose surrounding barony suffered badly in 1568. Edmond, son of the White Knight, with others

23. Cahir Castle and the Butler family seat

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    Cahir is listed extensively as the seat of the Butlers, a powerful family with long historical association with the town and its castle.

    Read the passage

    230, 241-6, 268-9, 329, 369, 388, 410. Butlers, Ardmaile, 67, 433//. Butlers, Boytonrath, 83. Butlers, Bansha, 61, 436. Butlers, Ballinure, 439. Butlers, Cahir, 22-3-4-6-6-7-9, 30, 61, 61, 86, 116,

    143, 161-4, 202-6, 244, 266, 411, 431-6. Butlers, Cloughbreedy, 86. Butlers, Cloughcullv, 61, 462. Butlers, Grallagh, 432//. Butlers, Kilcash, 61-2, 70//. Butlers, Kilmoyler, 437. Butlers, Killinane, 22. Butlers, Knockgraffan, 61. Butlers, Moorstown, 62. Butlers, Moyaliffe, 432^. Butlers, Nodstown, 62. Butlers, Roosca, 86. Butlers, Shanballyduff, 83. Burton, 379 scq.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Cahir, in Tipperary. The book's index tells you the Butlers are everywhere here, page after page tying this family to the town and its castle. That is all it gives, a long catalogue of branches across the county, with Cahir among the most heavily referenced.

24. Clonmel Chronicle Reporter Excluded from Corporation Meetings

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1856

    In 1856 the Clonmel Chronicle's reporter was excluded from corporation meetings after councillors accused him of caricaturing them, though he claimed he was merely reporting them literally.

    Read the passage

    paper in Ireland. Unlike most newspapers it always, by judicious editorship, kept clear of the law courts. The only trouble in which the Chronicle ever found itself was in 1856, when its reporter was excluded from the corporation meetings for caricaturing the councillors as they said — for reporting them literally as he said. On the death of Edmond Woods in 1893, the ownership and control of the paper passed to Messrs. Clarke, Barret and Montgomery who for many years had been associated with him in its management (mm).

    , The Clonmel Advertiser.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, in Tipperary. The Clonmel Chronicle had a clean record with the law courts, unlike most papers in Ireland. Its only trouble came in 1856, when the town councillors threw the paper's reporter out of corporation meetings. They said he was caricaturing them. He said he was reporting them literally. Edmond Woods ran the paper until his death in 1893, when Clarke, Barret and Montgomery took over.

25. Desmond's 1572 claims over Clonmel manor rights

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1346–1572

    The Earl of Desmond, lord of the manor from 1346, set out to Elizabeth I his claims over Clonmel including chief rent, manor court, mill, bakehouse and fishing rights. The town's actual allegiance lay within the Ormond palatinate, complicating exercise of these rights.

    Read the passage

    The chief rent of Clonmell, the Earls manor court there (a), with certain tenements and the Mill and Bakehouse of the same, which hath for custome and usage time out of mind that all kinde of malt ground to make sale ale, must be ground in the said Mill or else forfeited, without the millers dispense therewith ; and the like for baking of sale bread out of the said Earls Bakehouse.

    The fines and Earls silver of the said town.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel. From 1346 the Earl of Desmond held this manor, and in 1572 he set his claims before Elizabeth I: chief rent, manor court, fines, the mill and bakehouse. All malt for sale ale had to be ground in that mill or forfeited, and sale bread baked in the Earl's bakehouse. But the town stood within the Ormond palatinate, so these rights were never straightforward to exercise.

26. Dowling's novel 'Old Corcoran's Money' set in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary

    Richard Dowling's last novel published during his lifetime, 'Old Corcoran's Money,' was set in Clonmel and its surrounding neighbourhood, reflecting his Tipperary origins in his fiction.

    Read the passage

    He produced many three-volume novels subsequently, amongst them being "An Isle of Surrey," "Tempest Driven," "Fatal Bonds," "Miracle Gold," "A Baffling Quest," "Below Bridge." The last novel of his published during his lifetime was " Old Corcoran's Money," the scene of which is laid in Clonmel and its neighbourhood. After his death a short novel, " A Lance in Ambush," appeared.

    Richard Dowling wrote innumerable short stories, many of which were from time to time collected and issued in book form. He was also the author of two volumes of admirable essays whimsically entitled " Ignorant Essays " and "Indolent Essays." He died at his residence, Foulser Road, Upper Tooting, London, on Thursday, July 8th, 1898, and he was buried at the Catholic cemetery at Mortlake fn).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 47

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in the setting of Richard Dowling's last novel published in his lifetime, Old Corcoran's Money, which laid its scene here in Clonmel and its neighbourhood. Dowling produced many three-volume novels, among them An Isle of Surrey, Tempest Driven, Fatal Bonds, Miracle Gold, A Baffling Quest, and Below Bridge. After his death a short novel, A Lance in Ambush, also appeared. He wrote innumerable short stories and two volumes of essays whimsically entitled Ignorant Essays and Indolent Essays. He died at his residence, Foulser Road, Upper Tooting, London, on Thursday, July 8th, 1898, and was buried at the Catholic cemetery at Mortlake.

27. Free school building destroyed before the Rebellion

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary

    A house set apart for a free school, situated on the south side of Clonmel churchyard, was destroyed before the Rebellion (likely the 1641-1649 conflict). Its garden later passed to Richard Hamerton.

    Read the passage

    A house destroyed before the Rebellion with a garden adioyneing thereunto wch was sett aparte time out of mind for a Ifree schoole situate on the

    R

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, there was a house on the south side of the churchyard, set apart for a free school. It was destroyed before the Rebellion, and its garden later passed to Richard Hamerton.

28. Godfrey's tomb at ruined church of Knockgraffon

    Knockgraffon · townland · Tipperary

    Godfrey's tomb, connected to the Cromwellian officer active in the massacres, may still be seen within the ruined church of Knockgraffon.

    Read the passage

    (bJ Godfrey's tomb may still be seen within the ruined church of Knockgraffon. (c) Ibid.

    History OF Clonmel. 83

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 7

29. Grant of fair at Clonmel to Richard De Burgh, 1225

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1225

    An early royal grant awarded Richard De Burgh a yearly fair at Clonmel to be held on the Vigil of All Saints and seven following days, one of the earliest recorded charters relating to the town.

    Read the passage

    1. Grant of a yearly fair at Clonmel to Richard De Burgh, on the Vigil of All Saints and seven following days.— 30 July, 9 Hen. III. (1225).

    2. Grant of a yearly fair in the manor of Clonmel to Richard De Burgh, to be held on the Vigil and Feast of St. Magdalen and six following days, the grant of the former fair being annulled— 3 Sept., 26 Hen. III. (1242).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming through Clonmel in Tipperary. In 1225 the crown granted Richard De Burgh a yearly fair here, to run on the Vigil of All Saints and the seven days following. That charter was one of the earliest recorded for the town. Seventeen years later, in 1242, a new grant replaced it: a fair on the Vigil and Feast of St. Magdalen and six following days, and the earlier fair was annulled.

30. Greer & Murphy brewery fire in Nelson Street, 1829

    Nelson Street · street · Tipperary · 1829

    The brewery of Greer & Murphy, located in Nelson Street, Clonmel, was being rebuilt after a disastrous fire which occurred in 1829.

    Read the passage

    The brewing and distilling industries were also in a prosperous condition. In the season 1831-2, for example, 92,000 barrels of barley were purchased in Clonmel, of which less than 4,000 were exported, the rest being used for malting purposes. The brewery of Samuel Morton & Co. had now passed into the hands of Stephen Going, while that of Greer & Murphy, of Nelson Street, was being rebuilt after a disastrous fire which occurred in 1829. The distillery of John Stein & Company at Marlfield employed, in 1838, 1 50 hands. As the duty paid was only 26. 8d. per gallon, and the pot-still whiskey produced, enjoyed a good reputation, the business steadily expanded. When, however, between the years 1853 and 1858 the duty was gradually raised from 2s. 8d. to 8s., the Jamesons of Dublin, who had taken over the distillery from Stein, were obliged to close it.

    About 1824 the Malcomsons, in addition to their corn mills, set up a

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    On this street in Clonmel stood the brewery of Greer and Murphy. It was being rebuilt after a disastrous fire in 1829. Brewing in the town was prosperous at the time, with great quantities of barley bought locally for malting, and other breweries changing hands nearby. The fire that hit Greer and Murphy was serious enough to require a full rebuild of the premises.

31. Massacre of 1641 local particulars

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1641

    The index references local particulars of the Massacre of 1641 as it affected the Clonmel area.

    Read the passage

    MASSACRE OF 1641— Local particulars, 60 (note).

    MAYORS— List of, 229-232.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this town has its own local particulars connected to the Massacre of 1641. The record notes them but gives no details of what happened here or to whom.

32. Munitions purchased for defence of Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1587

    Four years after 1583, a sum of over eight score pounds was spent by the town on powder and munition for the defence of Clonmel, reflecting ongoing military preparedness during the period.

    Read the passage

    Though the attempts to impose Protestantism on the inhabitants put their loyalty to a severe strain, yet throughout the sixteenth century they remained staunch supporters of Elizabeth. In 1 583 Sir Henry Sydney reported to Walsingham "Marching through the County of Tipperary I encamped by Chlomnell a walled town standing upon the river of Sure, the people good and loyal." Again in 1600 while Hugh O'Neill, de facto master of Ireland, lay at Holy Cross there was no question of surrendering "the Queen's unpaid garrison." Furthermore the citizens placed at her disposal their goods and their money. Lord Grey in 1 582 petitioned the Privy Council for payment to the people of Clonmel of moneys owed them by Captain James, Captain Lower and Captain Morgan; the same year the Sovereign Geoffry White authorized payment to Alderman Pierce Sherlock of further sums. In 1583 Burghley was petitioned for £36 due to the town by Captain Zouche deceased. Four years later a sum of eight score odd pounds was spent on powder and munition for the defence of the town. As the Queen's exchequer was depleted there was no little difficulty in recovering these moneys. In 1587 permission was sought to import 2,000 quarters of wheat in lieu of Captain Zouche's debt (aa). Again licence was asked to import 100 tuns of wine free, or a grant of lands of £40 yearly value, as a set off for other debts. Among the citizens who especially distinguished themselves in the

    heretics, animating the Catholfc soldiers and administering the sacraments He was long

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

33. New Franciscan church built 1883-1886 preserving 13th century remains

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1883–1886

    In 1883 Rev. J. B. Cooney, aided by Father Cuddihy's donations, began building a new church to replace the old 13th century structure while preserving its ancient remains, including 15th century tower, lancets, and carved fragments; Mass was first offered on 1 August 1886.

    Read the passage

    could hardly be found. On 1st August, 1886, Mass was offered up for the first time in the new church; the 27th October following, the solemn dedication by the Most Rev. Dr. Pierce Power, took place (c).

    Altar Plate.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel ahead. A new Franciscan church rose here between 1883 and 1886, built by Rev. J. B. Cooney with Father Cuddihy's donations. It replaced a 13th century structure while preserving its ancient remains, a 15th century tower, lancets, and carved fragments. Mass was first offered on 1 August 1886, and Most Rev. Dr. Pierce Power solemnly dedicated it on 27 October that year.

34. Patrick fitz Piers Wall's burial and unfinished house in Shellan Street

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1640–1641

    Patrick fitz Pierce Wall, a merchant tailor, requested burial in his ancestors' monument within the parish church of Clonmel in his 1640 will. He also directed his executors to finish building his unbuilt house in Shellan Street, as bound by a lease from Thomas White fitz Richard.

    Read the passage

    ^ By will 4 March 1640, Patrick fitz Piers Wall " merchaunt taylor " bequeathed his soule etc. ; his " boddy to be buried in my auncestors monument within the parish church of Clonmell," one third of his estate to his wife Ellen Brenock, two thirds to his daughters Mary, Anstas, Gate, Anne and Beale, reversion to nephew Piers Wall and the heirs of his brother Richard in succession ; his executors to see his debts paid and " to cause the howse in Shellan Streete as yet unbuilt to be builded as I am bound by lease made by Thomas White fitz Richard."

    1820 Walsh, Edmund. 1783 Watson, John, sen.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where Patrick fitz Piers Wall, a merchant tailor, made his will on 4 March 1640. He asked that his body be buried in his ancestors' monument within the parish church. He left one third of his estate to his wife Ellen Brenock and two thirds to his five daughters, with reversion to his nephew Piers Wall and the heirs of his brother Richard. He also directed his executors to finish building his house in Shellan Street, still unbuilt, as he was bound by a lease made by Thomas White fitz Richard.

35. Taverns Licensed in Clonmel in 1614

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1614

    In 1614 several named Clonmel merchants and their family members were licensed to keep taverns in the town, reflecting the regulation of the brewing and spirits trade at the time.

    Read the passage

    In the towns especially the progress was most marked. Trade had not yet been focussed in great distributing centres; each town was an independent commercial unit and its burghers had direct business relations not merely local but foreign. The Clonmel ' merchant venturer ' collected his stock of tallow, hides, salt beef and pork which he sent by boat to Waterford or overland to Youghal (dd). Then having sold his merchandize in some Spanish or French port he purchased wine, salt, hemp for cordage, silk, tapestry or other fine stuffs for the return voyage. To us it is strange to meet with James White and Bennet White, merchants of Clonmel in far off Cadiz in 1609 (ee), but in the seventeenth century it was possible to find in the town men who had seen the whole western seaboard of Europe. Some indeed never returned from their perilous voyage, and to guard against such contingency wills were made before setting out. Garrett fitz Edmond Wall for instance in 1606 "being bound in a voyadg beyonde ye seas and doubting of any mischance " bequeathed his estate to his wife and daughter. Five months later the will was proved (jf). But not only was commerce active but there was — for the time — considerable manufacturing industry. The increased growing of corn brought with it flour milling. Instead of the solitary manor mill to which all citizens had perforce to bring their corn, we find in contemporary patents one in Bridge Street and four in the south suburbs. Further the prohibition on the export of wool had the effect of stimulating its manufacture at home. Waterford had already earned celebrity for its rugs, mantles and freize, Clonmel followed, for about 1614 Benedict White fitz John set up in Suir Island a mill for the tucking and finishing of coarse woollen stuffs. Through the town were various kilns, doubtless for the drying of grain, while more than once there is mention of brewhouses and malthouses (gg). This industry indeed was restricted by the Act 3 & 4 Philip and Mary, Cap. 7, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of beer, strong waters and the like, but licences appear to have been freely granted. In 1614 the following were licensed to keep taverns in Clonmel.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Clonmel now. In 1614 this town was a busy independent trading centre. Clonmel merchants dealt not just locally but abroad. James White and Bennet White, merchants of the town, were in Cadiz in 1609, selling tallow, hides, salt beef and pork, and bringing back wine, salt, silk and tapestry. Some voyagers never came home. Garrett fitz Edmond Wall, bound beyond the seas in 1606, made his will before setting out, bequeathing his estate to his wife and daughter. Five months later the will was proved. There was manufacturing here too. By 1614 Benedict White fitz John had set up a mill on Suir Island for tucking and finishing coarse woollen stuffs. There were flour mills in Bridge Street and four in the south suburbs, grain kilns through the town, and brewhouses and malthouses mentioned more than once. The law under Philip and Mary prohibited the manufacture and sale of beer and strong waters, but licences appear to have been freely granted. In 1614 a number of people were licensed to keep taverns in Clonmel, reflecting how the brewing and spirits trade was regulated at the time.

36. Tenant Right Meeting at Cashel, 1852

    Cashel · townland · Tipperary · 1852

    John Cecil Lawless, MP for Clonmel, attended a Tenant Right meeting in 1852 held at Cashel, though he later voted against tenant-league measures in parliament.

    Read the passage

    Hon. John Cecil Lawless, born 1820. He was the second son of the second Lord Cloncurry. His credentials to the Clonmel electors appear to have been that his father gave a general support to the popular movements. Though he attended a Tenant Right meeting in 1852 at Cashel, in parliament he voted consistently against the measures introduced by Crawford, Duffy and the tenant-leaguers. He died in 1853.

    (t) He was known in the House for his convivial qualities " Ball and Supper."

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Cashel, a Tenant Right meeting was held in 1852 that John Cecil Lawless, MP for Clonmel, attended. He was born in 1820, the second son of the second Lord Cloncurry, and his appeal to Clonmel voters seems to have rested on his father's general support for popular movements. Yet in parliament he voted consistently against the measures brought forward by Crawford, Duffy and the tenant-leaguers. He died the following year, in 1853, and was known in the House for his convivial qualities, what they called "Ball and Supper."

37. William Phelan born in Clonmel and educated locally

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1789

    William Phelan was born in Clonmel on 29th April 1789, son of a wool-comber, and studied Latin under Michael Ryan, the principal Catholic schoolmaster in the town, before entering the Clonmel Endowed School.

    Read the passage

    William Phelan was born 29th of April, 1789, in Clonmel. His father who was a wool-comber, destining him for the priesthood, sent him to study Latin under one Michael Ryan the principal, if not the only, Catholic schoolmaster in the town. Here he made so rapid progress that in 1803 he stood a concursus in Waterford for entrance into Maynooth. Though successful, the Catholic authorities did not nominate him to a place in the college, whether by reason of his youth or other disqualification has not been explained. Phelan now entered the Clonmel Endowed School conducted at this time by the Rev. Richard Carey. Here in the words of a biographer " a new world dawned upon young Phelan's vision — the philosophy and the poetry of the Greeks were no longer sealed volumes; his ambition was kindled and the pathway to fame seemed to lie open before him." In 1806 he entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a sizar and there registered himself as a Protestant His scanty allowance as sizar was supplemented by his old master, Carey, and his college tutor, Rev. C. W. Wall. Amongst others who

    490 History of Clonmel.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where William Phelan was born on the 29th of April 1789, the son of a wool-comber who meant him for the priesthood. His father sent him to study Latin under Michael Ryan, the principal Catholic schoolmaster in the town, and by 1803 the boy had done well enough to sit a competitive exam in Waterford for entry to Maynooth. He passed, but the Catholic authorities did not give him a place, perhaps because of his youth or some other disqualification that has never been explained. He then entered the Clonmel Endowed School, run at that time by the Reverend Richard Carey, and in the words of a biographer, a new world dawned upon young Phelan's vision, the philosophy and the poetry of the Greeks were no longer sealed volumes. In 1806 he went to Trinity College, Dublin, as a sizar and registered himself as a Protestant. His sizar's allowance was so small that his old master Carey and his college tutor, the Reverend C. W. Wall, both helped him along.

38. Arthur Moore of Mooresfort, MP and Count of the Holy Roman Empire

    Mooresfort · townland · Tipperary · 1870–1903

    Arthur John Moore succeeded to the Mooresfort estates in 1870 and later represented Clonmel in parliament, being involved in educational, social and religious questions and co-operating with Horace Plunkett in the industrial movement.

    Read the passage

    Arthur John Moore, born 1849 ; was second son of Charles Moore of Mooresfort, to whose estates he succeeded in 1870 ; Count of the Holy Roman Empire ; interested in educational, social and religious questions; co-operated with Horace Plunket, Esq., M.P., in industrial movement ; member of parliament for Deny 1898-1900 ; died 1903.

    1880 — March — Arthur Moore, Esq., Mooresfort.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

39. Butlers of Ardmayle among first Norman settlers

    Ardmayle · townland · Tipperary

    The Butlers of Ardmayle were among the first families of that name settled in Tipperary. Theobald Butler, third son of Hervey Walter, married Margery, daughter of Richard de Burgo, justiciary of Ireland, receiving as her portion the manors of Ardmayle and Kilmore.

    Read the passage

    (00) The Butlers of Ardmayle were amongst the first families of the name settled in Tipperary. Theobald Butler, third son of Hervey Walter (and brother of the Ormond ancestor), married Margery, daughter of Richard de Burgo, justiciary of Ireland, receiving as her portion the manors of Ardmaile and Killmorarkill.

    (fp) Theobald was the third son of James, second Lord Dunboyne.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 42

40. Fort built at Clonmel enclosing houses near East Gate

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary

    A stone-built house near the East Gate of Clonmel, along with divers other houses, was demolished and included within the walls of a newly built fort in the town, now in the possession of the Governor.

    Read the passage

    A stone built house neare the East Gate built uppon the Corporacon lands by James Daniell of Clonmell neare twenty yeares sithence held by lease from the Corporacon for one hundred and one yeares at one shilling six pence yearely wch house is included within the late built flfort in Clonmell and now in the possession of the Governor.

    Divers other thacht houses and slate houses now for the most part demolished and included within the walls of the sd flfoort wch was built uppon ye Corporacon lands by seuerall burgesses thereof, who held the same by lease from ye Corporacon together with the Comon Seller to receive

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, in Tipperary. A fort was built here on Corporation lands, enclosing a stone house near the East Gate that James Daniell had put up about twenty years earlier on a 101-year lease from the Corporation at one shilling and sixpence a year. Divers other thatched and slated houses were demolished and taken into the walls as well. The Governor now holds the fort.

41. Nelthorpe seeks Clonmel Fort for woollen manufactory

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1674

    In negotiations to establish a woollen industry, Nelthorpe sought to lease the Fort of Clonmel from Ormond as the most suitable premises for a factory and workhouse, describing its walled enclosure and buildings as ideal.

    Read the passage

    At Clonmel Mr. Hill tells me he cannot find any place so convenient as your Grace's fort, which is walled in, with the little house and other conveniences therein, for which your Grace receives but £iO per ann. with the addition of ten acres of land. I would not anyways be burthensome to your Grace and give you what your Grace pleases for the fort, with as much other land as Mr. Hill desires to it. And I request a lease thereof for as long a time as your Grace usually lets leases, for its probable I may improve it by erecting some buildings.

    Nelthorpe would appear to have merely exploited the woollen industry, for on 17th March, 1677, he thanks Mathew for his readiness to patronise the manufacture, and begs he would continue his patronage to Mr. Nicholas White who had bought it. Nelthorpe concludes by requesting a transfer of the lease to White, and assures Mathew that " the manufactory may own its preservation to his, Mathew's assistance and protection " (p).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Clonmel now, a town with an early industrial story. In 1674 a man named Nelthorpe was trying to set up a woollen manufactory here, and he had his eye on the Fort of Clonmel, which belonged to the Duke of Ormond. His agent, Mr. Hill, told him he could not find any place so convenient, describing the fort as walled in, with a little house and other conveniences, for which Ormond received only £10 a year along with ten acres of land. Nelthorpe offered to pay whatever Ormond pleased and asked for a lease for the usual term, saying he might improve it by erecting some buildings. By 1677 he had moved on. He wrote thanking a man called Mathew for his patronage of the manufacture and asked him to extend it to Nicholas White, who had bought the concern. Nelthorpe requested the lease be transferred to White, saying, "the manufactory may own its preservation to his, Mathew's assistance and protection."

42. Poll Money Book of Clonmel, 1661

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1661

    A commission was set up under an ordinance of the General Convention of Ireland to levy poll money within the Barony and liberties of Clonmel, listing sub-collectors and authorizing distraint of goods for non-payment. The document is dated at Clonmel, 1 May 1661, signed by the Mayor and others.

    Read the passage

    or them by their goods and chattells and the distresses (after the keeping of them six dayes) to cause to be appraised and if not presently redeemed to sell the same for satisfying of what moneyes is due thereout and the over plus if any be (after first deducting such costs and charges as yow shall be att in distreyneing and keeping of the distresse) to deliver back to the owner or owners thereof. Which said summes soe by yow collected you are to pay over vnto Capt William Hubbard Chief e Collector or his assignes att or before the 7*** day of May instant, and all high and petty Constables and all other his Ma***** officers and good subjects whatsoever both Civill and Military are required to be ayding and assisting in the execution of the premisses, and for their soe doing this shall bee a sufficient warrant and authority. Dated in Clonmell the first day of May l66l (n).

    To Richard Dennison sub collector

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where on 1 May 1661 a poll money commission was signed by the Mayor and others. The General Convention of Ireland had authorised the levy across the Barony and liberties of Clonmel, and sub-collectors like Richard Dennison were tasked with gathering the sums. If anyone did not pay, their goods and chattels could be seized and held for six days, then appraised and sold if not redeemed. The surplus after costs went back to the owner. All constables and officers, civil and military, were required to assist. The money was to be paid over to Captain William Hubbard, Chief Collector, by a day in May. The whole business was dated at Clonmel that first day of May 1661.

43. Ballymacadam castle granted by Lady Dowager of Cahir

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1640

    The castle, town, and lands of Ballymacadam in the parish of Cahir, County Tipperary, with a clay pit, were bestowed on the Corporation of Clonmel by the Lady Dowager of Cahir time beyond memory, and enjoyed by tenant Morrish McAdam in 1640.

    Read the passage

    The Castle towne and lands of Ballymac Adam with a cley pitt thereupon, lyinge in the County of Tipperary and Parish of Caher, containing three colpe acres of the old extent and it was bestowed time beyond the memory of man by the Lady Dowager of Cahir upon the sd Corporacon and accordingly enjoyed time out of mind by the sd Corporacon to their publique use and enjoyed by Morrish m*" Adam in the year 1640 As tenant to the sd Corporacon for the yearely rent of six pounds.

    The sd Corporacon (time out of minde) likewise enjoyed to their publique use, two fields of land between both the Annor bridges in the parish of Killoloan in the East division of Iffay and OfFay, being by estimation ten plantation acres, whereon there was a tuckinge Mill built in the yeare 1640 and now demolished, wch lands and mill was held by John Walsh Esq. from the Corporacon at a certaine rent.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Caher, the castle, town, and lands of Ballymacadam once lay in this parish. The Lady Dowager of Cahir bestowed them on the Corporation of Clonmel time beyond memory, and the Corporation held them for public use. In 1640, Morrish McAdam lived there as tenant, paying six pounds yearly rent. The holding ran to three colpe acres of the old extent and included a clay pit.

44. Connor Fox's raid near Duagh

    Duagh · townland · Kerry · 1566

    Connor Fox of Monroe burnt nine houses, a hundred sheep and swine, and twenty pounds worth of house stuff belonging to Teige O'Togarty of Duagh.

    Read the passage

    Philip Comyn fitz George burnt eight ricks of corn belonging to Edmond Coniyn, of Kilconnell. Connor Fox of Monroe, burnt nine houses, one hundred sheep and swine, and twenty pounds value of house stuff belonging to Teige OTogarty of Duagh. In 1568 Edmond, son of the White Knight, with others "vilonusly burned and spoyled the barrony of Cahir to the number of sixteen townlands." Coyne and livery was universal. Sir Edmond Butler's and the lord of Ormond's men cessed the country with cuddies, horsemen, galloglass, '* goners and doggs." So did the sheriff of the liberty, and the Clonmel jury of 1 576 reported the same of the president of Munster himself.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Duagh, Connor Fox of Monroe struck in 1566. He burnt nine houses, a hundred sheep and swine, and twenty pounds worth of house stuff belonging to Teige O'Togarty. This was part of a wider disorder across the country at the time, when coyne and livery was universal and armed men were cressing the land wherever they pleased.

45. Franciscan named to parish of Kilcash under Dr. Lloyd, chalice provenance

    Kilcash · townland · Tipperary · 1736–1747

    During the episcopate of Dr. Lloyd (1736-1747), Franciscan Richard Hogan was appointed to the parish of Kilcash, through whom a fine 1599 chalice belonging to the recusant priest Thomas Goffrey of Kilcash likely passed into Franciscan possession.

    Read the passage

    During the episcopate of Dr. Lloyd 1736-1747, a Franciscan named Richard Hogan was appointed to the parish of Kilcash and through him doubtless, the chalice came into possession of the Order.

    (c) The total cost of the re-construction was ;^6,ooo. Mr. Walter Doolin was architect, and Mr. J. Delany of Cork, builder.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

46. Gallows Hill as site of execution

    Gallows Hill · hill or hills · Tipperary

    Gallows Hill is named directly in the index, indicating its historical use as a site of execution in Clonmel.

    Read the passage

    Gallows Hill, 75, 171.

    Gammonsfield, 282.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    You are passing Gallows Hill, a place tied to Clonmel's history. The History of Clonmel lists it as a site of execution, on pages 75 and 171. Nothing more is recorded here beyond that name and that grim purpose.

47. Geoffry Barron expelled from parliament by Strafford

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1634

    Geoffry Barron, MP for Clonmel, was expelled from parliament in December 1634 by direction of Lord Strafford.

    Read the passage

    Geoffry Barron ; he was expelled from parliament 3 December, 1634, by direction of Lord Straflford. (For his biography, see Chapter XVII).

    «, , r William Smith, Gent

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel in Tipperary, this is the town that sent Geoffry Barron to parliament. On 3 December 1634, Lord Strafford had him expelled from his seat. The records do not say what brought it about, only that Strafford directed it.

48. Hutchinson family memorials in St. Mary's porch, Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1682–1727

    A series of tomb inscriptions in the porch of St. Mary's Protestant Church, Clonmel, record the deaths of members of the Hutchinson family of Knocklofty across the late 17th and early 18th centuries, including Anne Hutchinson and her children, Ezekee Hutchinson, and Edward Hutchinson.

    Read the passage

    (i) This is a small tablet, the letters raised. It is legible only by means of a later tomb, "Here lyes the Body of Anne Hutchinson Wife to Edward Hutchinson who died November the 30*** 1682, with two of their children Mary who died March the 2"** 1675 and Thomas who died Xber the 6**^ 1682." The delightful equivocations will not escape the reader. (2) This is a large flag which reproduces the foregoing inscription with the additional particulars "Also the Body of Ezekee Hutchinson Esq. Brother to the above Edward Hutchinson of Knocklofty, Esq. who Died January the 5'** 1697 aged 54 years." (3) " Here rests the Body of Edward Hutchinson Esqr. of Knocklofty who departed this Life the Third Day of July Ano. Dom. 1699 in the 65'** yeare of his age." (4) "Here rests [sic] the Dear Remains of Mrs. Christian Hutchinson Daughter of Thomas Moore Esqr. Late of Bame and Wife of Richard Hutchinson of Knocklofty. This Tomb is erected by Her surveiving Husband in Token of Her Ever Dear and true affecting Remembrance of A Happy Partnership of 22 years. She departed this life the 7'** Day of June Anno Dni 1727 in the 59*** year of her age and is Here deposited the late Dear Companion of Her life when God shall call him [cetera desunt]" The will of the surviving husband is dated 4 August, 1757. He left a niece Christina Nickson heir to his estates, who marrying John Hely, barrister : major in a horse regiment : remembrancer of the Exchequer : searcher of the port of Strangford : provost of Trinity College, etc., etc., etc., founded the Donoughmore peerage. (5) " Near this Place lie [sic] the Body of Guy Moore late of Abbey Esqr. who departed this life the [ ] Day of June 1755 [?] in the [ ] year of his age."

    1752 Moore, Thomas. 1728 Morony, Francis.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, and in the porch of St. Mary's Protestant Church there are tablets marking the Hutchinson family of Knocklofty. One small tablet records Anne Hutchinson, wife of Edward, who died the 30th of November 1682, alongside two of their children, Mary, who died the 2nd of March 1675, and Thomas, who died the 6th of December 1682. A larger flag repeats that inscription and adds Ezekee Hutchinson, brother to Edward, who died the 5th of January 1697 aged 54 years. Edward Hutchinson himself died the 3rd of July 1699 in the 65th year of his age. Another tomb holds Christian Hutchinson, daughter of Thomas Moore, wife of Richard Hutchinson, erected by her surviving husband in token of what he calls a happy partnership of 22 years. She died the 7th of June 1727 in the 59th year of her age. Richard Hutchinson's will is dated the 4th of August 1757. He left his estates to his niece Christina Nickson, who married John Hely, a barrister, major in a horse regiment, remembrancer of the Exchequer, searcher of the port of Strangford, and provost of Trinity College, among other offices, and through them the Donoughmore peerage was founded. Nearby also lies Guy Moore of Abbey, who died in June 1755.

49. John Stritch's ancient burgess lands in the Burgagery

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1641–1692

    John Stritch, an ancient burgess of Clonmel in 1641, held lands in the Burgagery. His house in St Mary's Street was later occupied by Pierce Butler, and by 1676 the family had moved to Lough Street.

    Read the passage

    John Stritch in 1641 as one of the ancient burgesses, was proprietor of lands in the Burgagery. He was probably the son of John Stritch and Margaret Daniel whose tomb is in St. Mary's. At the Restoration his house in St Mary's Street was occupied by Pierce Butler, but in 1676 a John Strich was living in Lough Street. His will is dated 13 April 1692, and he makes mention of his wife Cecilia, his sons James and John, his grandson John, and his daughters Mary, Anastasia and Margaret.

    The will of Richard Stritch is dated 9 January 1734. Bequeaths his worldly substance to his wife Catherine Brenocke and his daughter Catherine; £50 to his " deraly and well beloved son Thomas." £10 each to his sons in law Michael and Patrick Kevins; the value of £5 in woolen goods to such persons as his wife and daughter think fit ; d£8 to be paid to such person as they think proper ; £5 to his nephew Thomas White fitz Francis.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, a town the road passes through. Back in 1641, John Stritch was one of its ancient burgesses, holding lands in the Burgagery. He was probably the son of John Stritch and Margaret Daniel, whose tomb lies in St Mary's. At the Restoration his house in St Mary's Street was occupied by Pierce Butler, but by 1676 a John Stritch was living in Lough Street. His will, dated 13 April 1692, names his wife Cecilia, his sons James and John, his grandson John, and his daughters Mary, Anastasia and Margaret.

50. Murage grants funded Clonmel's town walls and fortifications

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1319–1408

    Multiple grants of murage (a tax for wall-building) were made to the provost, bailiffs and burgesses of Clonmel across the 14th and early 15th centuries, funding the maintenance of the town's fortifications.

    Read the passage

    6. Grant of murage for seven years to the provost, bailiffs and good men of ClonmeL— October 13, Ed. II. (1319).

    7. Grant of murage for eight years to the burgesses and commonalty.— 12 January, 29 Ed. III. (1355).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, the town walls you see traces of were funded by royal murage grants. In 1319, the provost, bailiffs and good men of Clonmel received seven years of murage, and in 1355 the burgesses and commonalty got eight years more. These taxes paid for the fortifications.

51. Piers Bray fined as bailiff of Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1616

    Piers Bray, late bailiff of Clonmel, was fined £10 English money for executing the office of bailiff without having taken the oath of supremacy.

    Read the passage

    November 13. Piers Bray late bailiff of Clonmell, to be fined £lO English money for executing the office of bailiff without having taken the oath of supremacy.

    The High Sheriff for that year was more fortunate.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where Piers Bray, the bailiff, was fined £10 English money on November 13, 1616, for holding the office without having taken the oath of supremacy. The high sheriff that year, the record notes, was more fortunate.

52. The Troubled Clonmel Election of 1853

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1853

    The 1853 Clonmel election that returned John O'Connell, son of Daniel O'Connell, is described as producing an account that is 'saddening reading' according to Sir Charles Duffy's history.

    Read the passage

    (n) In Sir Charles Duffy's League of the North and South, pp. 280-3, will be found an account of the Clonmel Election of 1853. It is saddening reading, and probably true in every line.

    (v) In the House of Commons he was long known by the sobriquet " Umbrella Bagwell." On one occasion, during a debate on the renewal of the Insurrection Act, a northern member declared that the life of any man of property, or even of any man with a good coat, was not safe in Ireland. Bagwell replied that he lived in Ireland, had considerable property there, and would go at any time through the most disturbed district, fortified with no other weapon than his. umbrella.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in the town where the 1853 election returned John O'Connell, son of Daniel O'Connell. Sir Charles Duffy's history calls the account of that election "saddening reading" and probably true in every line. A local figure, Bagwell, earned the sobriquet "Umbrella Bagwell" in the House of Commons after declaring during a debate on the Insurrection Act that he would walk through the most disturbed district in Ireland armed with nothing but his umbrella.

53. Tipperary Grand Jury's 1782 declaration of legislative independence

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1782

    The Grand Jury of County Tipperary at Spring Assizes 1782 declared that only the King, Lords and Commons of Ireland were competent to make laws binding the kingdom, and that any other body attempting to do so committed an unconstitutional grievance.

    Read the passage

    That the King, Lords and Commons of Ireland, are the only power competent to make laws to bind this kingdom, and that every attempt by any other body of men to exercise this right is unconstitutional and a grievance.

    Francis Mathew, Sheriff.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is where the Grand Jury of County Tipperary met at the Spring Assizes of 1782. They declared that only the King, Lords and Commons of Ireland could make laws to bind this kingdom, and that any other body attempting to do so was committing an unconstitutional grievance. Francis Mathew was sheriff.

54. Walter Brenock leaves table to Franciscan convent of Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1695

    In his 1695 will, Walter Brenock bequeathed a long drawing table with its frame to the convent of St. Francis Order in Clonmel, appointing his son-in-law Nicholas White as overseer of the will's provisions.

    Read the passage

    " This testator was son of preceding. Will dated 13 April, 1695. After paying debts etc, of the rest one third to son James, one third to daughters Nell, Catherine and Franck and son John, one third to his wife Mary Walsh and son Walter Brenocke. " I leave a long drawing table with his frame to the convent of St. Francis Order in Clonmell. I appoint my son [in law] Nicholas White overseer of the above mencioned deseiring him according to the trust reposed in him to doe what becometh a trusty son."

    History of Clonmel.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where Walter Brenock's will, dated 13 April 1695, left a long drawing table with its frame to the convent of St. Francis Order. He appointed his son-in-law Nicholas White as overseer of the will, asking him to do what becometh a trusty son.

55. White family lands and manor of Cooleagh granted in custody, 1402

    Cooleagh · townland · Tipperary · 1402

    In 1402 the manor of Cooleagh, along with houses in Clonmel and other lands in Tipperary belonging to Henry White of Clonmel, were granted to John Lawless in custody, with an obligation to render account.

    Read the passage

    The Whites are found among the Anglo-Norman settlers in Tipperary under the form of " Le Blunde." During the thirteenth century Thomas " the White " held lands in the neighbourhood of Ardmail of the King in capite, rendering half a knight's service. Their earliest recorded association with Clonmel is 1388 when Nicholas White, of Clonmel, was joined with the Earl of Ormond in a commission of the peace for Co. Cork. John White, of Clonmel, in 1397 was granted the custody of lands in Tipperary and Limerick belonging to his idiot brother Theobald, during the latter's lifetime, without accounting to the exchequer for the profits. In 1402 the manor of Cooleagh with houses in Clonmel and other lands in Tipperary belonging to Henry White, of Clonmel, were granted to John Lawless in custody, rendering account, etc At the same period James le Botiller seeking some dispensation from Rome, despatched thither Adam, prior of St. John's, Dublin, who was also provided with letters of attorney from Nicholas White, of Clonmel.

    1812 Wilkinson, Nicholas. i794 Wood, Isaac.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 33

56. Cromwell's presence recorded in the index

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1649–1650

    Cromwell is referenced across many pages, indicating his significant historical presence and military campaign in the Clonmel area.

    Read the passage

    404-6. Creaghton, 143. Cregg, 446. Cremins, 371. Croane, 233, 273w, 463. Croanwalsh, 166. Cromwell, 64-79, 110. Cronen, 210.

    Croken, 49.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel ahead. The index of the town's history gives Cromwell page after page, 64 through 79 and 110, a sign of how heavily his campaign pressed on this place in 1649 and 1650.

57. Fee-farm grant of the Fort to Phineas Ryall, 1702

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1702

    On 4 September 1702, the second Duke of Ormond made a fee-farm grant of the Fort (excluding the abbey and courthouse) to Phineas Ryall of Clonmel, merchant, part of the long transfer of Franciscan lands.

    Read the passage

    fortress, so that in future the Irish population should not surprise the town as they had done in 1641. The popular tradition therefore, that Cromwell stabled his horses in the church, rests on a historical basis. At the Restoration the " Ffort of Clonmell," with the great part of the town, was granted to the Duke of Ormond. It does not appear that the corporation of the period raised any question as to the moiety of the Franciscan house which had once belonged to them. The burgesses were Cromwellians ; they were tenants of the Duke, and were probably unwilling to incur his all-powerful enmity. Ormond's disposition of the friary may be gathered from the map before described. On 4th September, 1702, a fee-farm grant of the " Fort " (except the abbey and courthouse) was made by the second Duke of Ormond to Phineas Ryall of Clonmel, merchant (w). Five years later Captain Thomas Batty who acted as Ormond's agent, and probably occupied " His Grace's Mansion," mortgaged to Ryall the abbey itself for the sum of £1,440 fww). It would appear that some time previously, the Protestant Dissenters of Clonmel had obtained the choir of the church for a place of worship, as Ryall, their treasurer, on 23rd March, 1705, made payments to "John Foster y* Slater, for all Abby work " fxxj. On the removal of the Dissenting congregation to Nelson Street about the year 1789, one John Coman, an apothecary, obtained from Samuel Perry a lease of "the old meeting house and steeple or castle belonging thereto." The nave of the church was long incorporated with other holdings, and its last vestiges were removed when the present Abbey Street was opened directly through the centre of it in 1760 fyyjr Portion of the ground was leased for building by Rev. Joseph Moore, Protestant rector, and while the work was proceeding, tradition tells us, a strange discovery was made: —

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel, coming up along the road now. Back in 1702, on the 4th of September, the second Duke of Ormond made a fee-farm grant of the Fort here to a Clonmel merchant named Phineas Ryall. The grant excluded the abbey and the courthouse, but it was part of a long transfer of lands that had once belonged to the Franciscans. The Fort itself had been granted to the Duke of Ormond at the Restoration, along with a great part of the town. The fortress had been kept up so that the Irish population could not surprise the town as they had done in 1641, and the popular tradition that Cromwell stabled his horses in the church rests on a historical basis. Five years after the grant to Ryall, Captain Thomas Batty, who acted as Ormond's agent and probably occupied the Duke's mansion, mortgaged the abbey itself to Ryall for £1,440. Ryall also served as treasurer of the Protestant Dissenters of Clonmel, who had obtained the choir of the church for a place of worship. In March 1705 he made payments to John Foster, a slater, for work on the abbey. The Dissenting congregation later moved to Nelson Street around 1789, and the last vestiges of the nave were removed when Abbey Street was opened directly through the centre of it in 1760. While building work was proceeding on part of that ground, tradition tells of a strange discovery being made.

58. Magistrates meet at Cashel to enforce popery laws

    Cashel · townland · Tipperary · 1714

    In June 1714 the justices of the peace of Tipperary met at Cashel in long consultation to discuss stricter enforcement of the popery laws against priests and non-jurors, following pressure from the Chief Secretary.

    Read the passage

    Nine days later the justices met at Cashel in long consultation, and White assured Dawson the best results would follow from the meeting (c). And he was as good as his word.

    Tipperary June 23, 1714.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Cashel, in June 1714, the justices of the peace for Tipperary met here in long consultation. They were under pressure from the Chief Secretary to enforce the popery laws more strictly against priests and non-jurors. After the meeting, White assured Dawson the best results would follow, and he was as good as his word.

59. Parliamentary Commissioners visit Clonmel borough, 1831

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1831

    In December 1831 the Parliamentary Commissioners visited Clonmel and reported the constituency consisted of the mayor, two sheriffs and seventeen burgesses forming the Corporation, and seventy-four freemen, many of whom were non-resident.

    Read the passage

    The Parliamentary Commissioners in December of this year, visited Clonmel. The constituency, they reported, consisted of the mayor, two sheriffs and seventeen burgesses, who formed the Corporation, and seventy-four freemen— in all ninety-four. Eight burgesses and twenty-one freemen were not resident within seven miles of the place of election.

    1832, December 15th — Dominick Ronayne, Esq., Ardsallagh.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Clonmel in Tipperary. In December 1831 the Parliamentary Commissioners visited the town and reported its constituency was just ninety-four people: the mayor, two sheriffs, and seventeen burgesses who formed the Corporation, along with seventy-four freemen. Many had little tie to the place, since eight burgesses and twenty-one freemen did not even live within seven miles of the election.

60. Richard Leynach's 1627 burial wishes at Our Lady's Church

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1627

    Richard Leynach, member of an old Hiberno-Norman Clonmel family, made his will in 1627 requesting burial in Our Lady's Church, Clonmel, and settling his house property among relatives.

    Read the passage

    Richard Leynach's will is dated 18 January, 1627. Bequeaths his " boddye to be hurried in our Laddye Churche in Clomell." He settled his house property in Clonmel on his wife Marrie Brennocke for life, then on his nephew William Leynagh and his heirs, remainder to Silvester Leynagh and heirs, remainder to Harrye Whit fitz Nycolas and his heirs for ever. He " ordains " his nephew William " tutore whereby my wiffe Marrie Brennocke shall not be wronged."

    1 77 1 Lewis, Theobald. 1750 Linihan, Daniel. 1809 Lowe, James. 1779 Lecky, Thomas.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this was home to Richard Leynach, of an old Hiberno-Norman family. He made his will on 18 January 1627, asking that his "boddye" be "hurried in our Laddye Churche in Clomell." He left his house property to his wife Marrie Brennocke for life, then to his nephew William Leynagh, remainder to Silvester Leynagh, then to Harrye Whit fitz Nycolas. He named William tutore so his wife would not be wronged.