History of Clonmel

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Description of the old T-shaped Mass House chapel, Clonmel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1750–1780

   An old resident described the old Mass House chapel in Clonmel as it appeared about seventy years before writing: T-shaped, low, reached by a steep lane and seven steps, with three galleries, and so low-lying that services were sometimes suspended by floods from the river.

   Read the passage

   galleries which were reached by stone stairs on the outside of the building. It was lighted by long, circular-headed windows. As the floor was seven or eight feet below the present level, not unfrequently divine service was suspended by floods from the river.

   Father Hennessy died April 14th, 1752. In his will which is dated 28th November, 1751, he desires his "burial may be most frugall" and bequeaths £l0 each, to his brother William and his sisters, Mary and Catherine. "Mr." James Hennessy is named as executor and heir to the residue, while Nicholas Barpn is one of the witnesses. These two were his fellow Jesuits in Clonmel at the time (zz).

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 27

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Clonmel, there was once an old Mass House chapel here, remembered by a resident as it stood about seventy years before his account. It was T-shaped and low, with three galleries reached by stone stairs on the outside and long, circular-headed windows for light. The floor sat seven or eight feet below the present level, so floods from the river sometimes suspended divine service. Father Hennessy, a Jesuit in Clonmel, died on April 14th, 1752. His will, dated November 28th, 1751, asked that his burial be "most frugall" and left 10 pounds each to his brother William and his sisters Mary and Catherine.

2. Edward Collins builds new mills on Little Island

   near Little Island · townland · Cork · 1781

   In November 1781, Edward Collins obtained a lease from the corporation for the old corporation mill on Little Island and erected new mills there at a cost of £12,000, having previously taken over the Marlfield mills.

   Read the passage

   to sell their corn to Moore, all east, to Grubb (nn). On the collapse of Moore some years later, the milling trade was largely monopolized by the Quakers. About 1778 a member of that body, Simmons Sparrow, the son of a local baker, who had owned a modest mill at Tubberaheena, opened the huge Suir Island mills, and soon occupied the premier position (00). He was followed in the same locality by the firm of Robert Grubb & Co. In November, 1781, Edward Collins obtained a lease from the corporation of the old corporation mill on Little Island, and erected thereon new mills at a cost of £l2,000. He had previously taken over the Marlfield mills from the assigns of Stephen Moore (pp). Three years later, in 1784, Thomas Morton exchanged his trade of distiller for that of corn miller, and took the Manor mills from James Keyes on a lease for lives renewable, at a rent of nearly £100 a year. About the same period John Bagwell purchased the lease of Marlfield, and carried on extensive corn milling and biscuit making there. Within the next thirty years a network of corn mills was spread over the country until every river was dammed and every mountain stream pent up (qq). When in I797it was proposed to abolish the system of bounties, the milling industry was so firmly established, that it stood in no need of public subsidies. " The principal millers," said Lord Clare, " in the neighbourhood of Clonmell, a part of the kingdom from which there is a considerable influx of corn to the city, do not complain of the bill ; on the contrary many have declared that they will not suffer any loss from it " (rr).

   Besides flour milling there were at this period a number of minor industries. In 1785 Clonmel counted fourteen manufacturers of tobacco who paid to the revenue for that year 2d. per 5 lbs. on 16,499 lbs., and 8d. per 5 lbs. on 5,931 lbs. The tanning of leather had also been carried on for a considerable time by the enterprising quakers, Peter Banfield, Thomas and Samuel Rigg. The woollen manufacture was inconsiderable. " The poor

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here on Little Island, Edward Collins built new mills in 1781 that became part of a great expansion of the milling trade around Clonmel. In November of that year, Collins obtained a lease from the corporation for the old corporation mill on the island, and he erected new mills on the site at a cost of £12,000. He had already taken over the Marlfield mills from the assigns of Stephen Moore before this. Collins was following a path the Quakers had opened. After the collapse of Moore some years earlier, the milling trade was largely monopolised by the Quakers. Around 1778, Simmons Sparrow, the son of a local baker who had owned a modest mill at Tubberaheena, opened the huge Suir Island mills and soon held the premier position. Robert Grubb and Company followed in the same locality. Three years after Collins built his mills, in 1784, Thomas Morton gave up distilling and took the Manor mills from James Keyes on a lease for lives renewable, at a rent of nearly £100 a year. About the same period, John Bagwell purchased the lease of Marlfield and carried on extensive corn milling and biscuit making there. Within the next thirty years a network of corn mills spread over the country until, as the record says, "every river was dammed and every mountain stream pent up."

3. First Munster Volunteer review on the banks of the Suir

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1782

   The first Munster Volunteer review was held in a field on the banks of the river near Clonmel on 10th July, 1782, with artillery and infantry from many companies marching from the Grand Parade. General Henry Prittie was greeted with twenty-one rounds of artillery and entertained at dinner by Colonel Moore and the Clonmel Independents at the Court House.

   Read the passage

   The artillery and infantry assembled on the Grand Parade and marched thence to the ground. Tipperary artillery Captain Clement Sadlier, 2 field pieces on the right, Cashel ditto on the left. Infantry, Ormond Union 4 companies, Major William Barker. Waterford First Royal Dragoons 3 companies. Ormond Independents 4 companies, Colonel Daniel Toler. Cashel Volunteers 4 companies. Colonel Richard Pennefather. Limerick Independents 4 companies, Lieutenant-Colonel John Prendergast. Iverk Volunteers I company. Colonel Richard Cox. Fethard Volunteers 2 companies, Lieut.- Colonel Mathew Jacob. Carrick Union I company. Colonel the Rt. Hon. Earl Tyrone, K.S.P. Clonmel Independents 2 companies. Colonel Richard Moore. Callan Union I company, Captain Richard Elliot. Tipperary Volunteers I company. Captain D. G. Russell.

   Twenty-one rounds of artillery on the flank greeted the General Henry Prittie on his arrival at 12 o'clock. He was met by Lord Le Poer, Colonel of 3rd Ulster Volunteers, etc., etc. The evolutions were performed to the entire satisfaction and applause of the General and the most numerous and splendid concourse of people ever seen in this part of the kingdom. The General, his aides-de-camp, the Earl of Tyrone, Lord Le Poer with other gentlemen were sumptuously entertained at dinner by Colonel Moore and the Clonmel Independents at the Court House.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 11

4. Hamerton Hall at the East Gate

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1700–1730

   Robert Hamerton, grandson of the Cromwellian settler Richard Hamerton, held a stately mansion close to the east gate of Clonmel where the Town Hall now stands. He rallied resident freemen there and displayed a welcoming inscription over the vestibule.

   Read the passage

   Welcome All To Hamerton Hall.

   Such was the position of affairs when Stephen Moore "the Colonel," was installed mayor, 29th September, 1724. As a parliamentary candidate he had already attracted much attention, and his skill with the pistol was notorious. In 1719 he had contested Fethard with Counsellor Slattery, Lord Cahir's agent Slattery though unseated on petition was subsequently elected for Blessington. The feud was renewed and on Sunday, 13th November, 1726, Moore and Slattery fought on the Green with sword and pistol. The result may still be read on a tomb within the ruined church of Kilgrant.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

   As the companion tells it

   Passing through Clonmel, Hamerton Hall stood near the east gate, where the Town Hall now stands. Robert Hamerton, grandson of Cromwellian settler Richard Hamerton, rallied freemen there with the words "Welcome All To Hamerton Hall" over the vestibule. Colonel Stephen Moore was installed mayor on 29 September 1724, a parliamentary candidate notorious for his pistol. He had contested Fethard with Counsellor Slattery in 1719, and on Sunday 13 November 1726 the feud renewed and they fought on the Green with sword and pistol. The result may still be read on a tomb in the ruined church of Kilgrant.

5. John Walsh of Lisronagh dispensed from transplantation

   Lisronagh · townland · Tipperary · 1654

   John Walsh of Lisronagh was dispensed from transplantation by the Council in Dublin on the certificate of Colonel Richards, having performed good services to the Commonwealth.

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   Petitions from the wretched people went forth to the Council in Dublin to be dispensed from transplanting. Some pleaded their age ; many were infirm ; some had never borne arms against the Parliament of England ; some had shown, in fact, a constant good affection towards it. Several already convinced of the errors of Popery, were earnestly seeking (Jod. John Walsh of Lisronagh (upon the certificate of Colonel Richards) had performed many good and acceptable services to the Commonwealth, and was on the 17th March dispensed from transplanting until further notice. George Mathew of Rehill (uncle and guardian of Lord Cahir), upon the certificate of Colonel Jerome Sankey, having lived civilly, and given intelligence on divers occasions to the Cromwellian soldiers, was also dispensed. The petitions of John Bray and Thomas White were referred to the Athlone Commissioners. James Kearney of Fethard, was on 5th May dispensed for twelve months on proof he had not appeared in arms against the Commonwealth in the first year of the war. Walter Butler of Cloughbreedy, had given evidence against James Butler of Roosca, of the attack on Golden in 1641. Wherefore (he said) he could not without hazard of his life live amongst the said James' kindred in Connaught. There was so great resort of the Irish to divine worship in the liberties of Clonmel (so reported Major Stanley) that Mr.

   History of Clonmel. 87

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 8

6. John White fitzGeffry, first mayor of Clonmel, buried at St Francis Abbey

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1614

   John White fitzGeffry, alderman of Clonmel and its first mayor, made his will in 1614 requesting burial in St Francis Abbey in his ancestors' burial place. The will details extensive bequests of houses, mills (Fahy's mills beyond the bridge), and lands in Clonmel including properties in Our Lady Street.

   Read the passage

   In the name of God, Amen. I, John White fitzGefifery of Clonmel, Alderman, being sicke in body yett of perfect mynde and memorie thancks be to God do make my last wyll and tystement in maner following, ffirst I comend my sole to God Almightye my creator and redeemer and my body to be buryed in Sainct flfrancis abbay in myne ancestors buriall. I doe appoint Benett Whitt my son and heire and my sones Thomas and Michele White myne executors together with my wife Alson White. Itm, I leave and bequeath to my son Thomas White to hym and to his heires mayle of his body lawfully begotten and to be begotten the house where Christopher Whit some tyme dwelled and the house with his backe side wherein Geflfry Baron some tyme dwelled with all the other land belonging to the same and whereof the said Baron had a layse of my father and a parcke or orchord called Garrymorran adjacent the wales of Clonmel. I leave and bequeath to the said Thomas and Michele White all such lands as are to be past vnto me by grant from his Maiestie by Sir James Carroll and proctore piers to be equally divided between them and to the heires mayle of their bodyes successively except such parcells as are situat in Kilnalonqurty which I do will and bequeath to my son in law John haly and his son Nicholas haly their heires and assigns for ever. Itm, I doe will and bequeath to my son Michel White and to his heires mayle of his body the houses where Stephen White, James White fitz David now is dwelling with the rents and reversions thereof with the premises aforesid as is sayde, together with the houses wherein Richard Stretch John flfowlow now dwells in Clonmele, the remayndre of all the said premisses to my son and heire Benett White and the heires

   344 History of Clonmel.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 33

   As the companion tells it

   Clonmel, in Tipperary, was home to John White fitzGeffry, alderman and first mayor of the town. In 1614, sick in body but of perfect mind, he made his will, asking that his body be buried in St Francis Abbey in his ancestors' burial place. He left his son Thomas houses where Christopher White and Geffry Baron once dwelt, with a park or orchard called Garrymorran beside the walls of Clonmel. Lands granted by the king through Sir James Carroll and Proctor Piers were to be divided between Thomas and Michele White, except parcels at Kilnalongurty, which went to his son-in-law John Haly and Nicholas Haly. Michele received houses where Stephen White and James White fitz David were then dwelling, with the houses of Richard Stretch and John Follow in Clonmel. The remainder passed to his son and heir Benett White. His wife Alson White served as executor alongside the three sons. The will paints a picture of a man with houses, orchards, and mills all through the town, settling his affairs carefully before he died.

7. Laurence Sterne's birthplace in Clonmel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1713

   The writer Laurence Sterne's birthplace is noted and discussed in connection with the town.

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   STERNE, LAURENCE— Birthplace of, 486-7.

   STREETS— High Street, 66; Middle Row, 66, 494 (note); Gordon Street, 66; Peter Street, 66; Mary Street, 66, 167, 296, 469, 487; I-^ugh Street, 66, 167, 273; Kilsheelan Street, 67,167,273; Irishtown, 17, 81, 240, 278; residents in, 261.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 53

   As the companion tells it

   Clonmel is where the writer Laurence Sterne was born in 1713. The town's history notes his birthplace in connection with these streets.

8. Lisronagh parishioners protected by jurors' refusal

   Lisronagh · townland · Tipperary · 1613

   Pierce Butler of Knockgraffon, Richard Purcell of Loughmoe and John Tobin of Killogh, jurors impanelled at Clonmel, were heavily fined for refusing to present as recusants parishioners of Lisronagh on the testimony of a minister named Dybsall.

   Read the passage

   May 7. — Pierce Butler of Knockgraffon, Richard Purcell of Loughmoe and John Tobin of Killogh members of a Jury impanelled at Clonmel in February last before Chief Baron Methwolde and Justice Leather— to pay a fine of £200 English apiece and the rest of the jury £40 apiece and all of them to be imprisoned at pleasure for refusing to present as recusants divers of the parishioners of Lisronagh upon the testimony of one Dybsall, a minister, having no other reason to give but that it was against their conscience which answer this Court did absolutely reject and disallow.

   (gji Called for his piety " Walter of the Rosary."

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

9. McEgan of Sesseraghkell fined at Cashel assizes

   Cashel · townland · Tipperary · 1617

   Boetius McEgan of Sesseraghkell, a grand juror impanelled before the Chief Baron and Sir John Blenerhasset at Cashel, was fined £10 and imprisoned for refusing to present recusants.

   Read the passage

   16 17 Nov. 7. Boetius McEgan of Sesseraghkell Co. Cross Tipperary being one of a grand jury impanelled before Chief Baron Methwolde and Sir John Blenerhasset at Cashell in September last — to pay a fine of £\0 and to be imprisoned during pleasure for refusing to present recusants.

   November 12. Piers Butler Fitz Walter of Nodstown(i) Piers Hackett of Ballytrasny and John O'Kennedy of Lackine, members of a grand jury impanelled before the above named justices at Clonmell in September last — to pay fines of ^^30 apiece, and John Keating of Nicholstowne, Teige O'Mullryan of Lysnesilly, Rory O'Kennedy of Ballyneclogh, James Mamell of Lysnemrocke and Edmond O'Hedyne of Mojmard all Co. Tipperary, being likewise members of the said jury, fines of £20 apiece and all of them to be imprisoned during pleasure for refusing to present recusants.

   Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, in 1617, Boetius McEgan of Sesseraghkell sat on a grand jury impanelled before Chief Baron Methwolde and Sir John Blenerhasset at Cashel. He refused to present recusants — those who would not attend Church of Ireland services. For that he was fined £10 and imprisoned, held during pleasure with no fixed term. Other grand jurors faced the same punishment at Clonmel the same year for taking the same stand.

10. Mulgrave's Viceregal Visit and Political Divide

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1835

    When the Liberal Lord Lieutenant Mulgrave passed through Clonmel in July 1835, the Conservative mayor refused to call a meeting for an address, so the popular party instead presented one at the Great Globe Hotel. This episode reflected the intense party political feeling of the time in the town.

    Read the passage

    At this period party feeling ran high. When Mulgrave, the Liberal Lord Lieutenant, passed through Clonmel 29th July, 1835, the mayor, Benjamin Bradshaw, refused to call a meeting to draw up an address, but the popular party waited on the viceroy at the Great Globe Hotel, where an address was presented by John Hackett, Father Baldwin, Counsellor Mulcahy, Dr. Scully and others. Political passion was reflected in the newspapers ; the Constitution and the Free Press engaged in mutual ink-slinging in true Eatonswell, Pickwickian style. O'Connell visitad Clonmel in October 1840, and the visit was high inspiration to the Constitution.

    A large mob collected when the agitator essayed to speak ; but in Ireland, if any man commences to speak in the public street, he will quickly have a numerous audience. It was so with Dan. His game was and is to gull and plunder the unfortunate people of Ireland ; and the priests who have such a fatal influence over them are his assistants in the pillage. The 8*>> of November, the day for collecting his rent, is coming round, and O'Connell must get the pounds, shillings and pence, and provided he does, his griping heart is incapable of feeling, eta, etc.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming into Clonmel now, a town where party feeling ran high in the 1830s. When the Liberal Lord Lieutenant Mulgrave passed through here on the 29th of July, 1835, the mayor, Benjamin Bradshaw, refused to call a meeting to draw up an address for him. So the popular party went instead to the Great Globe Hotel, where John Hackett, Father Baldwin, Counsellor Mulcahy, Dr. Scully and others presented one to the viceroy. The town's newspapers, the Constitution and the Free Press, attacked each other in what the source calls mutual ink-slinging in true Pickwickian style. O'Connell visited Clonmel in October 1840, and a large crowd gathered when he tried to speak in the street. The Constitution newspaper took inspiration from that visit.

11. Nicholas Leynagh pardoned by the King at Clonmel, 1318

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1318

    The earliest mention of the Leynagh (Lynagh) family in Clonmel dates from 1318, when King Edward II pardoned Nicholas Leynagh a fine for an offence connected with the escape of a fugitive while he was in royal service in County Tipperary.

    Read the passage

    22 The Lynaghs, like all the early Clonmel burghers, were English. The first mention of them in connection with the town is in 1318. The Patent Roll 1 1 Ed. IL, contains the entry " The King pardons Nicholas Leynagh 20 marks fine for an offence, and also £4 on account of the escape of a fugitive John de Sampson during the time the said Nicholas was in the King's service in Co. Tipperary. — Clonmele 16 January." In time becoming Hibernicised, the following charter of denization was granted them 1358. "The King grants to Reginald, John and Adam, the sons of Stephen Leynach (provided they are not tenants of the king in hetage) that they, their offspring and posterity be of free condition, exempt from all Irish slavery and in enjoyment of English law.— Dublin 8 September," 32 Ed. III.

    Richard Leynach's will is dated 18 January, 1627. Bequeaths his " boddye to be hurried in our Laddye Churche in Clomell." He settled his house property in Clonmel on his wife Marrie Brennocke for life, then on his nephew William Leynagh and his heirs, remainder to Silvester Leynagh and heirs, remainder to Harrye Whit fitz Nycolas and his heirs for ever. He " ordains " his nephew William " tutore whereby my wiffe Marrie Brennocke shall not be wronged."

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel, here in Tipperary, is where the Leynagh family first appears in the written record. In 1318 King Edward II pardoned Nicholas Leynagh a fine of 20 marks for an offence, and also £4 on account of the escape of a fugitive, John de Sampson, during the time Nicholas was in the King's service in County Tipperary. The pardon was issued here in Clonmel on 16 January. The Lynaghs, like all the early Clonmel burghers, were English, but over time they became Hibernicised. In 1358 the King granted Reginald, John and Adam, the sons of Stephen Leynach, a charter of denization, so that they, their offspring and posterity would be of free condition, exempt from all Irish slavery and in enjoyment of English law. Richard Leynach's will is dated 18 January 1627. He bequeathed his body to be buried in Our Lady's Church in Clonmel. He settled his house property in Clonmel on his wife Marrie Brennocke for life, then on his nephew William Leynagh and his heirs, remainder to Silvester Leynagh and heirs, remainder to Harrye Whit fitz Nycolas and his heirs for ever. He ordained his nephew William tutor, so that his wife Marrie Brennocke would not be wronged.

12. Priests reported active in Clonmel by government spies

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1592–1593

    Government correspondence from the 1590s lists several Catholic priests operating in and around Clonmel, including Sir Teage O'Swyllyvan, Sir William Ocherohy, Sir Garrett Reken, and others, who preached from house to house despite persecution.

    Read the passage

    scarcely assumed the presidency of Munster when he complained to Walsingham " the students of Ireland that come from Louvain are the merest traitors and breeders of treachery that liveth. Whereof they are in these parts about Waterford and Clonmel four principal prelates. John White is worshipped like a God between Kilkenny and Waterford and Clonmel. He suborneth all the dwellers of those parts to detest the true religion stablished by her Majesty." A principal prelate of a still more dangerous character was Edmund Tanner, Bishop of Cork and Cloyne. Soon after his landing in 1575 Drury had him arrested together with his chaplain, and both were lodged in Clonmel gaol. A strange incident now happened. While in prison Tanner was visited by a schismatic bishop — probably Patrick Walsh, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore. "Discussions and conferences" took place between them with the result that Tanner reconciled the other to the Catholic church. Drury possibly thought such a man as dangerous in prison as out of it, and through the influence of Lord Barrymore released him (t). The government correspondence of the period is full of reports of spies set to watch the priests. "There is one Sir Teage O'Swyllyvan an earnest Precher of popery still preching from howse to howse in Waterford Clomell and Fidreth " (u), " There is one Sir William Ocherohy a semynary [priest] lately come from Roome and now dwelling att Clomell Cassell and

    ffidder Sir Garrett Reken preist at Clomell Sir

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up along Clonmel, in Tipperary. In the 1590s, the government here was watching its own mail with dread. The president of Munster wrote to Walsingham that the students coming back from Louvain were the worst traitors alive, and that four principal prelates worked the country around Waterford and Clonmel. He said John White was worshipped like a God between Kilkenny and Waterford and Clonmel, and that he turned the people there against the religion established by her Majesty. Before that, in 1575, Edmund Tanner, Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, was arrested with his chaplain and locked in Clonmel gaol. In prison a schismatic bishop visited him, probably Patrick Walsh, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore. Discussions and conferences took place between them, and Tanner reconciled the man to the Catholic church. Drury decided such a man was as dangerous inside as out, and got him released through Lord Barrymore. The government correspondence of the period is full of spy reports on the priests. One names Sir Teage O'Swyllyvan, an earnest preacher of popery, still preaching from house to house in Waterford, Clonmel and Fidreth. Another names Sir William Ocherohy, a seminary priest lately come from Rome, dwelling at Clonmel, Cashel and Fethard. And there is Sir Garrett Reken, priest at Clonmel.

13. Purcell of Loughmoe sides with the Irish, 1599

    Loughmoe · electoral division · Tipperary · 1599–1602

    Richard Purcell, baron of Loughmoe, took the side of the Irish in the 1599 conflict and was estimated by the English to be capable of bringing 200 foot and 60 horse into the field. He nonetheless received a pardon in 1602.

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    (jj) The descendants of the Purcells, barons of Loughmoe, at this period were: Thomas, who with his horsemen and kerns was pardoned 1549. His son Thomas married Joan Fitz Patrick and was father of Richard, baron Loughmoe, who married Mary Plunkett. Richard took sides with the Irish in 1599, and was estimated by the English to bring 200 foot and 60 horse into the field. He received a pardon, however, in 1602.

    (kk) He received a pardon in 1586. Again in 1602 together with Piers Archer. They were probably a Kilkenny family.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 42

14. Purchase of Clonmel and Kilsheelan by Earl of Desmond

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1338

    In 1338 Maurice fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, bought Clonmel and Kilsheelan from Peter de Grandison for 1,100 marks, ending sixty years of De Grandison connexion with the town. This purchase pushed Desmond territory north of the Suir, disturbing the frontier with the Ormond palatinate.

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    King (Edward II.) by letters patent in aid of enclosing the town of Carrick with a stone wall, granted certain customs of things coming for sale to said town. Now the plaintiff his men and servants in boats with merchandizes passing through the middle of the water which leads from Clonmel to Waterford and from Waterford to Clonmel, just as if the merchandizes had passed through the middle of the town of Carrick to be sold there which they were not, were greviously destroyed and manifoldly aggrieved by the said Richard O'Crehan and others being the men of Carrick, to the great damage of said Henry and against the prohibition of the Lord the King, etc. (mm). But disturbed times came again and the De Grandisons, who to judge from the Papal Registers were intensely religious, preferred their quiet home in Hereford. In 1 338 their sixty years connexion with Clonmel came to an end. "At the beginning of autumn Maurice fitz Thomas then Earl of Desmond bought Clonmel and Kilsheelan from William (recte Peter) de Grandison for one thousand one hundred marks (nn).

    Hitherto Kilmanahan Castle had been the northern outpost of the Desmond territory and the Suir the natural boundary. By the new purchase the Desmonds encroached upon the Ormond palatinate which had just been created, so that between them and their kinsman the White Knight, the districts of the De Keatings of Nicholastown, De Prendergasts of Newcastle, and De Berminghams of Cahir were almost isolated. To this disturbance of the scientific frontier much of the subsequent local history is traceable. The ruins of fifteenth and sixteenth century castles which stud the country still tell of the historic feud between the Butlers and the Desmonds, and in part explain it, Clonmel accordingly soon began to share the varying fortunes of its new lords.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now is Clonmel, a town the road passes through in Tipperary. In 1338 the De Grandisons ended sixty years of connexion with Clonmel. They were, to judge from the Papal Registers, an intensely religious family, and they preferred their quiet home in Hereford. At the beginning of autumn that year Maurice fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, bought Clonmel and Kilsheelan from Peter de Grandison for 1,100 marks. Hitherto Kilmanahan Castle had been the northern outpost of the Desmond territory, and the Suir the natural boundary. By this new purchase the Desmonds encroached upon the Ormond palatinate, which had just been created. Between Desmond and their kinsman the White Knight, the districts of the De Keatings of Nicholastown, the De Prendergasts of Newcastle, and the De Berminghams of Cahir were almost isolated. To this disturbance of the scientific frontier much of the subsequent local history is traceable. The ruins of fifteenth and sixteenth century castles which stud the country still tell of the historic feud between the Butlers and the Desmonds, and in part explain it. Clonmel accordingly soon began to share the varying fortunes of its new lords. Before all this, there had been trouble on the river too. King Edward the Second had granted certain customs of things coming for sale to the town of Carrick, to aid enclosing Carrick with a stone wall. But the men of Carrick grievously destroyed and aggrieved the men and servants of one Henry, passing in boats with merchandise through the water leading from Clonmel to Waterford and back, as if the goods had passed through the middle of Carrick to be sold there, which they were not.

15. Richard Rothe Butler of Poulakerry as extortioner and unlawful imprisoner

    Poulakerry · townland · Tipperary · 1535–1537

    Richard Rothe Butler of Poulakerry was presented as a common extortioner who repeatedly imprisoned the King's subjects and committed numerous offences against the King's laws, aided by his brother Walter Butler.

    Read the passage

    Itm they present that one Richard Rothe Butler of pollekere is a common extorcyenor and hath taken and ymprisoned ofte and divers tymes the Kings subiects and comitted infynite heynous offences against the Kinge and his lawes and his brother Water Butler as great an extorcyoner.

    A few special cases will illustrate the state of Clonmel at this period better than any number of general presentments.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

16. Royal protection granted to abbey of Innislounaght, 1227

    Inishlounaght · parish · Tipperary · 1227

    In 1227 the king wrote to the Justiciary granting protection to the abbot of Innislounaght, his tenants, chattels and possessions, and ordering help to recover property that had been plundered, reflecting a time of local trouble and violence.

    Read the passage

    For many years subsequent to its foundation we learn little of the history of the abbey. It is probable that many historic personages entered its portals from time to time. Henry IL on his way from Lismore to Cashel, would cross the Suir at a ford hard by ; and Cambrensis tells us that Donald O'Brien, the great benefactor of Innislounaght, came to the water of the Suir to sue the king for peace. King John enfeoffed the abbot and convent, in frankalmoign, of a meadow in Glannewaydan/'jA a return probably for hospitality received while in the neighbourhood, monasteries being the hotels of the period. Hither also came in 1236 to lay his bones amongst the Cistercians, whose habit he had put on, Archbishop Malmaire O'Brien, who gave Cashel its corporate existence (t). But the prayers and labours of the good monks were often disturbed by other causes than the advent of an Irish chief or Norman baron. It was a time of trouble, and the monks had their share. In 1227 the king found it necessary to write to the Justiciary granting protection to the abbot, his tenants, chattels, and possessions, and help to recover what had been plundered (n). It is not improbable that* some of the troubles arose from grants of the lands of neighbouring chiefs being made by the English to the abbey. This at least is certain, that the disputes were accompanied by violence and bloodshed, for in 1230 a statute passed at a General Chapter in Citeaux enjoined the abbots of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, " with lighted candles on the days when a sermon is preached in the Chapter," to denounce as excommunicated the murderers and their abettors of the abbot of Fermoy and a monk of Innislounaght Nor did the monks fare better in their legal contests. The abbot went to law with the abbot of Dunbrody, the result being that he was sentenced at a general Chapter of the Order in 1234 to be excommunicated, and deposed if it should appear the action was illegal (v). Likely enough the abbot proved refractory, for a colony of English Cistercians from Furness was introduced in 1240, and nine years later, by a formal act of the General Chapter at Citeaux, Innislounaght, with three other houses, were transferred from the jurisdiction of Mellifont to that of Furness.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 40

17. Sheehy accused of appearing in arms at Clogheen and Dromlemmon

    Clogheen · town · Tipperary · 1762

    Michael Guinan, a convert to Protestantism, was prepared to testify that Fr. Sheehy had appeared in arms against the king at Clogheen and Dromlemmon in March 1762, as part of the manufactured case against him.

    Read the passage

    Though the year passed away without any indication on the part of the prosecution of his being brought to trial, the champions of "the Protestant interest" in Tipperary were not idle. The manufacture of evidence against him was busily carried on. Michael Guinan who had incurred popular antipathy by his turning over to Protestantism, was prepared to swear that Father Sheehy with others had appeared in arms against the king at Clogheen and Dromlemmon in March, 1762. Mary Butler, an abandoned woman, would prove a similar offence in October, 1763. John Bridge would give evidence of an assault committed upon him by the priest and several others in the beginning of 1764. But where was Bridge ? He had disappeared. For months past no one had seen him — spirited away, murdered perhaps, by the Whiteboys. The plot was thickening, and the efforts of Hewetson, Bagnell, Maude and Bagwell were redoubled. Bridge was to have presented himself at the Clonmel assizes, March 1765, to give evidence against Denis Brien of Ballyporeen, but all attempts to discover him were in vain. The worst was now feared, and accordingly the High Sheriff, Sir Thomas Maude, and the Grand Jury published an advertisement.

    That whereas the said John Bridge is missing since October past, and is supposed to be murthered, we do hereby promise a reward of 50// to any person or persons who shall discover, within twelve calendar months, any person or persons concerned in said act.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 37

18. Sheehy's resistance to marriage fees demanded by Ballyporeen tithe-farmer

    Ballyporeen · town · Tipperary · 1762

    In 1762 an inn-keeper of Ballyporeen named Dobbyn, who farmed the tithes, claimed five shillings for every marriage celebrated by the priest; Father Sheehy offered strenuous resistance to this demand.

    Read the passage

    His parish was the centre of the Whiteboy disturbances. This fact alone was enough to earn for him the notice of Hewetson, Bagnell, Broderick and the others. . But in addition he had a bad record. While in Newcastle, where he had previously ministered, he had advised the people to pay no church rates, there being no Protestants in the district. Again in 1762 an inn-keeper of Ballyporeen named Dobbyn, who farmed the tithes, having made claim to five shillings for every marriage celebrated by the priest, Father Sheehy offered a strenuous resistance. Worse than all, he had openly taken part, in the beginning of the troubles, in levelling some fences which the Rosses, middlemen under Lord Cahir, had set up round the commons of Drumlemmon. A notice of this is found among the Tipperary Crown Records.

    Clonmel General Assizes, May 23, 1763, before the Right Hon. Warden Flood and Hon. William Scott.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 36

19. Silver maces of Clonmel dated 1663, made by John Stoaker

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1656–1663

    The two silver maces of Clonmel corporation, now in the Dublin Museum, were made by silversmith John Stoaker between 1656 and 1672, with one bearing the engraved date 1663. They are considered among the oldest and most important surviving Irish civic maces.

    Read the passage

    " Strange to say the maces have no original hall-mark proper, but each has a maker's mark — the initials LS. in an oval with a line round them and a pellet above and below. These belong to John Stoaker or Slicer, wh67 with the exception of Abel Ram, is the only Irish maker shown in Mr. Jackson's great book ' English Goldsmiths and their marks ' (London, 4to, 1905) p. 560, as having made between 1656 and 1672 articles known to the author as still existing, and all but one of them, including the mace for Carlow which has for date-letter T of the first alphabet=i656-7. Only ten older objects than these Clonmel maces are recorded by Mr. Jackson from the foundation of the Goldsmiths' Hall in 1637 to the * 1663 ' engraved on one of them. This should give an idea of their importance and value."

    There were two seals granted by the charter of James I.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in a town that once possessed two silver civic maces of real importance. They were made by the silversmith John Stoaker, also known as Slicer, between 1656 and 1672. One bears the engraved date 1663. They have no proper hall-mark, only Stoaker's maker's mark, his initials in an oval with a pellet above and below. He is one of just two Irish makers listed in Jackson's "English Goldsmiths and their Marks" as having surviving work from that period. Only ten older objects than these maces are recorded from the foundation of the Goldsmiths' Hall in 1637 up to the 1663 date on one of them. The maces are now held in the Dublin Museum.

20. Sir John Davis describes well-built and well-kept Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1606

    Sir John Davis, Attorney General for Ireland, spent some days in Clonmel in 1606 and described it as a well built and well kept town, with most houses two storied and roofed with slate.

    Read the passage

    Sir John Davis, Attorney General for Ireland who spent some days in Clonmel in 1606 describes it as " a well built and well kept town " (z). Most of the houses were two storied and roofed with slate though at intervals might be seen thatched houses, survivors of an earlier period. Even in 1666 the

    (xf An Inquisition held at Cluntnd, 20 March 1622 before John Southwell, found James Bray seized inter alia of one garden in Marter Lane in Lough Street. There are some interesting references to this locality among the records. An Inquisition held in Clonmel 1568 before Edmund Butler found that John Cantwell, once Archbishop of Cashel, was seized in fee of a messuage, a garden and a house within the walls. That in March 20, Ed. IV. (1481) he granted said premises to the College of the Church of Cashel to be held for said college by Robert Sail his heirs and assignes. That the said premises are held in free burgage of the Earl of Desmond as of his Manor of Clonmel for the yearly service of 2s. 3d., and licence for alienation was obtained neither from the Earl nor from the King. That the Vicars Choral of the said college drew the profits from the date of the feoffment until St. Patrick's Eve 1549 since which time Edmund Bray, burgess deceased, and Michael Bray his son have done so in virtue of a feoffment made by the said vicars contrary to the Statute of Mortmain. On the 5 May 1578 a grant of the whole was made to George Moore " in consideration of his services during the wars in Scotland and Ireland." Moore seems to have reconveyed the premises to Bray. In the grant they are described as " the messuage and garden lying between the holding formerly of William Pagan on the north, the holdings formerly of Richard White, Walter Wall, Henry White and Peter Hanraghan on the south, Logh Street on the west, and the common wall of the town on the east. The house lying between the street late of Moreton on the north, the holding formerly of Lawles on the south, Logh Street on the west, and the holding formerly of Moreton on the east."

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Clonmel now, in County Tipperary. In 1606, Sir John Davis, Attorney General for Ireland, spent some days in this town. He described it as, in his words, a well built and well kept town. Most of the houses were two storied and roofed with slate, though at intervals you could still see thatched houses, survivors of an earlier period. Even as late as 1666, thatched roofs had not entirely disappeared from the streets. Davis was the king's chief law officer in Ireland, and his attention to the fabric of the town tells you something of what mattered to a man in his position. He was noting buildings, materials, the state of the place. Slate roofs and two storeys meant a town of substance, built to last. The thatched houses scattered among them were remnants of an older Clonmel, still standing in his day.

21. Sole Catholic Schoolmaster Reported in Clonmel, 1731

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1731

    James Castell, Mayor of Clonmel, reported to the Irish House of Lords in 1731 that only one private Catholic schoolmaster, Cornelius Lynch, operated in the town, travelling house to house to instruct Catholic children under threat of penal law.

    Read the passage

    There is but one Private Popish Schoolmaster, as I can finde in the said Towne, whose name is Cornelius Lynch, and goes from house to house to instruct Popish children (ee).

    At a later period when there was greater connivance, some three or four "philomaths" were located in different parts of the town, but so utterly destitute were the Catholics of any regular system of education, that a list of seven schools in 1820 does not contain a single Catholic one (jf).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, in Tipperary. In 1731 the mayor, James Castell, reported to the Irish House of Lords that there was but one private Catholic schoolmaster in the town, Cornelius Lynch, who went from house to house instructing Catholic children. The report says there is but one, as he could find. Later, under greater toleration, three or four so-called philomaths taught in different parts of the town, yet a list of seven schools in 1820 contained not a single Catholic one.

22. Supreme Council of Confederates meets in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1645

    The Supreme Council of the Irish Confederation, then sitting in Clonmel, wrote on 25th March, 1645, regarding sending Baron to intercept Bellings and curb the mismanagement of Father Hartegan in France.

    Read the passage

    He also acted as one of the representatives of the Confederates in the negotiations carried on with the Earl of Glamorgan in behalf of the king. Meanwhile complaints were being made that O'Hartegan was mismanaging the Irish business at the French Court. The Supreme Council who were then in session at Clonmel, wrote 25th March, 1645, to Sellings who had been sent on a mission to Rome.

    Wee will send Mr. Baron to meet you in the St. Francis, shortly bound thither and to prevent the further inconvenience to be drawne uppon us by this quite altred Fr. Hartegan.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, the town where the Supreme Council of the Irish Confederation was sitting in 1645. On the 25th of March that year, the Council wrote to Sellings, who had been sent on a mission to Rome. Complaints had been reaching them that O'Hartegan was mismanaging Irish business at the French Court. They told Sellings they would send Mr. Baron to meet him, to prevent what they called further inconvenience drawn upon them by this, in their words, quite altred Fr. Hartegan.

23. Vicar Thomas Goffrey of Kilcash deprived for recusancy, 1580s

    Kilcash · townland · Tipperary · 1588

    Thomas Goffrey, vicar of Kilcash, adhered firmly to the Catholic faith and was reported as a contumacious papist; he was suspended from his benefice and later formally deprived of his office for irregularity.

    Read the passage

    "Vicarage of Kilcassy— Thomas Goffrey absent from our inquiry, a papist, extremely contumacious. The fruits of the living sequestered : He is suspended from his benefice and deprived of his office " (</).

    And again —

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

24. Walled town of Clonmel with turrets and stone bridge

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1655

    Clonmel was described as walled about with a stone wall of lime and stone with several turrets, and had a stone bridge with two grist mills. The town had three suburbs extending east, north, and west with houses, gardens, and weirs.

    Read the passage

    Thomas Walsh, late of the same, husbandman. The Towne and lands within the lyberties and Burgagery of Clonmell in the County of Tipperary are bounded as followeth ; by Powersland [Powerstown] and Mylerstown in the Parish of Kilgrant on the east, Rathronan in the Parish of Rathronan, Rathduffe in the Parish of Kilgrant, Lawlestowne and Tubburhany on the north, Ballyngarran and Garrishane on the west, and y* River Sewir on the south. The particular meares and bounds of the said Burgagery lands of Clonmell are knowen by the sd Jury being Antient Inhabitauntes thereof, and often heretofore trod out by them and all ye sd lands within the lyberties of Clonmell were lately surveyed at the charge of the present Inhabitaunts thereof. The sd Towne of Clonmell is situated on the North Side of the River Sewir in the County of Tipperary and is walled about with a stone wall of Lyme and stone, with severall Turretts and hath the accomodation of a stone Bridge together with two Greist mills on the same and had the conveniency of three suburbs viz** The East suburbs extending to the lane called Bohir Mullineparky containqing fiftye Cabbins or thereabouts with garden plotts and three weires likewise three houses and gardens wch leadeth from the sd East Suburbs unto the North Suburbs. The sd North Suburbs consistinge of fowerteene houses or thereabouts with gardens and from the sayd North Suburbs there was a lane enclosed all along with gardens and oarchards leadinge unto the West

    240 History of Clonmel.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    You are passing through Clonmel, in Tipperary, a town that in 1655 stood on the north side of the River Suir. It was walled about with a stone wall of lime and stone, with several turrets, and had the accommodation of a stone bridge together with two grist mills on the same. Three suburbs spread out from the town. The east suburb extended to a lane called Bohir Mullineparky and held about fifty cabins with garden plots and three weirs. Three houses and gardens led from there to the north suburb, which consisted of about fourteen houses with gardens. A lane enclosed all along with gardens and orchards led from the north suburb to the west. The bounds of the burgagery lands ran to Powerstown and Mylerstown on the east, Rathronan, Rathduffe, Lawlestown and Tubburhany on the north, Ballyngarran and Garrishane on the west, and the River Suir on the south. A jury of ancient inhabitants had often trod out those bounds, and the inhabitants had lately surveyed the lands at their own charge.

25. Catholics build thatched chapel and Alms House in Irishtown

    Irishtown · street · Tipperary · 1660–1685

    After hope of recovering the old church of St Mary was lost under Charles II, Clonmel Catholics built a thatched chapel on James Brenock's holding in the Irishtown. They also built an Alms House to replace one destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation, which stood on the street in front of the present church.

    Read the passage

    I. When during the reign of Charles. IL all hope of recovering the old church of St. Mary vanished, the Catholics built a thatched chapel on the holding of James Brenock in the Irishtown. Similarly they built an " Alms House " to replace the old one at St Mary's, destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation. This stood on the street in front of the present church, and in its ruinous state, is remembered by persons still living (a). It was occupied principally, if not exclusively, by aged women, and was maintained by

    (a) An *' Alms House " is still annexed to St. Patrick's, Waterford.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Along here in Irishtown, Clonmel's Catholics built a thatched chapel on James Brenock's holding, once all hope of recovering the old church of St Mary was gone under Charles II. They also built an Alms House to replace the one at St Mary's that had been destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation. That Alms House stood on the street in front of the present church, and it was occupied principally, if not exclusively, by aged women.

26. Ruinous manor house of Kilsheelan described in 1608 inquisition

    Kilsheelan · town · Tipperary · 1608

    An inquisition held at Carrick in 1608 described the manor of Kilsheelan in detail, noting the manor house was an 'oulde and ruynous buylding' with a water mill, messuages, gardens and various chief rents owed from surrounding townlands.

    Read the passage

    (t) It is said that the Mandevilles were settled at Ballydine from the time of King John. The earliest reference to them in the Patent Rolls is 1343. '*The King prohibits Maurice htz Thomas Earl of Desmond from hearing the cause (in virtue of a brief de recto) Richard de Rok^l Knt. %*ersus Walter de Maundevill Knt., Thomas fitz Walter de Maundeville Knt. and Thomas fitz David Walsh in the matter of five messuages with their appurtenances in Rathronan and Ballybathan [ Bally vaughan]. Which brief was surreptiously obtained while the said holdings were in the King's hands." When the Desmonds purchased the manor of Kilsheelan from the De Grandisons in 1338 it would appear the Mandevilles settled there. An inquisition held at Carrick, 2nd April, 1608, before Sir Nicholas Walsh, described the manor of Kilsheelan in detail. " The manor house being an oulde and ruynous buylding and one water myll in the town of Kilsheelan, 3 messuages, 2 gardens^ apd 1 acre great countrie measure in said town, Lysnehary 10 acres great countn'e measure, Sheskin 10 acres, Ballyglissanbeg 5 acres. The chief rents payable to said manor are out of Ballyneale, Molagh, Ballinacloine, Ballyquirkin, Ballinamona and Killuan £^ per annum and suit of court to said manor from Edward Mandeville of Ballydyn for i burgage in his possesion in the town of Kilsheelan. 7s. 4d. per annum and suit of court from Richard Wall for i burgage in Kilsheelan. I2d. per annum and suit of court from William Butler for i burgage in Kilsheelan, i2d. per annum and suit of court from Edward Mandeville for Eustace land, 2s. per annum and suit of court for land of Monemihell, 2s. per annum and suit of court for Ballyglasbeenmore, r2d. per annum and suit of court for Knogloghty," etc. How the Mandevilles retained portion of !he estates through the Cromwellian period, appears from the following inquisition.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 42

27. Smith describes the Mass House on the Suir in 1740

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1740

    Charles Smith, historian of Waterford, described the Romanists' 'very neat Mass House' at Clonmel in 1740 as pleasantly situated on the side of the Suir and adorned with a grove of trees, noting it had recently been rebuilt with funds raised in Spain.

    Read the passage

    The Romanists have a very neat Mass House pleasantly situated on the side of the Suir and adorned with a grove of trees, it being a few years ago splendidly rebuilt with many others in Munster by large contributions raised in Spain (yy).

    The " neat Mass House " as it appeared in its last stage about seventy

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, Charles Smith noted in 1740 that the Romanists here had a very neat Mass House, pleasantly situated on the side of the Suir and adorned with a grove of trees. It had been splendidly rebuilt a few years before, with others in Munster, using large contributions raised in Spain.

28. 1608 Charter of Incorporation establishes Clonmel corporation

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1608

    James I granted a charter of incorporation to Clonmel in 1608, creating a body politic of Mayor, two Bailiffs, twenty free burgesses, and a commonalty, which governed the town's affairs (with brief interruptions) until the Municipal Reform Act of 1842.

    Read the passage

    16. Charter of incorporation of Clonmel. — 5 July, 6 Jas. I. (1608).

    17. Exemplification of foregoing.— 14 June, 14 Chas. II. (1662).

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is a town that was formally incorporated in 1608 when James I granted it a charter. It created a corporation of a mayor, two bailiffs, twenty free burgesses, and a commonalty, governing Clonmel's affairs until the Municipal Reform Act of 1842. An exemplification of that charter was issued in 1662 under Charles II.

29. Anner Mills built and destroyed by fire in 1880

    Anner · electoral division · Tipperary · 1763–1880

    Anner Mills, with ten pairs of stones, was first begun by Robert Grubb in 1763, with the mills whose ruins survive being built in 1780. The mills were worked by his family and relatives until consumed by fire in 1880.

    Read the passage

    3. Anner Mills : ten pairs of stones. First mill begun by Robert Grubb, 1763 ; the mills of which the ruins exist, were built by him in 1780 ; worked by his family and subsequently by the Clibboms, relatives in the female line, until consumed by fire in 1880.

    4. Redmondstown : four pairs of stones. Built about 1775 by Joseph Grubb who obtained a lease of the lands for lives, from Gamaliel Fitzgerald Magrath, 2 November, 1774. They were worked until 1878 when they were burnt.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

30. Attempt to deepen the Suir at Carrick rocks, 1821

    Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1821

    A memorial was laid before the Lord Lieutenant in 1821 seeking a grant to deepen the River Suir; engineer John Killaly reported the rocks at Carrick, the chief obstacle to navigation, could be removed for £1,200, but no funding was given.

    Read the passage

    More vital, however, to the town than any system of land carriage was the navigation of the Suir. Wakefield writing in l8o8 states, " The greater part of the goods imported into Waterford are only unloaded on the quays and sent forward to Clonmel, which has more internal commerce than any town in Ireland " (p). Various attempts, therefore, were made to improve the water-way, and to establish Clonmel as the centre of a canal system, a survey of the country between Tipperary and Clonmel, with locks, harbours, etc., being taken (q). When in l8l6 the Waterford merchants sought an act of parliament for incorporation as Harbour Commissioners, the support of Clonmel was obtained only on condition of obtaining a share of the dues and being represented on that body. But the Clonmel merchants discovered too late that no tolls could be levied on ships for the purpose of inland navigation (r). In 1821 a memorial was laid before Talbot, Lord Lieutenant, for a grant to deepen the river. John Killaly, engineer, reported that the rocks at Carrick, the chief obstacle to the navigation, might be removed at a cost of £1,200, but no help was given. Similarly in l83l,Lord Wellesley acknowledged the great utility of the proposed works but regretted that no funds were available. Four years later, November 2nd, 1835, a meeting of gentry, merchants and others concerned, was held in Carrick to form a joint stock company and obtain parliamentary powers. As the boatmen threatened active hostility, a deputation of them was admitted to the meeting. Lord Duncannon was in the chair, and the principal speaker was David Malcomson, who gave an interesting historical summary : —

    It is now sixty years since John Bagwell obtained a grant from parliament for improving the river Suir. At that time the people thought as they do now, that their interests would be injured by throwing them out of employment. A thousand pounds were expended by making a track-way, as they then drew up the boats by ropes on

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

31. Bagwell family control of Clonmel corporation freemen

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1819–1832

    The Bagwells packed the corporation with family members as freemen, ensuring control of the mayoralty and council. Between 1819 and 1832, only seven persons were admitted freemen, all Bagwell relatives and all non-resident.

    Read the passage

    From 20th January, 1819, to 28th December, 1832, seven persons admitted to the freedom, namely, Mr. Bagwell and his six cousins. They were all non-resident.

    The corporation being thus constituted, the sequel is obvious. •

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this was a town whose corporation the Bagwell family once tightly controlled. From 1819 to 1832, just seven persons were admitted as freemen — Mr. Bagwell and his six cousins, all of them non-resident. The corporation thus constituted left the family holding the mayoralty and council.

32. Bonaventure Baron's early schooling in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1610–1626

    During the early seventeenth century a school was kept in Clonmel by a person named Sall, where Bonaventure Baron received his first education before going on to Waterford.

    Read the passage

    During the early years of the seventeenth century a school was kept in the town by a person named Sail, and there Baron received his first education. He subsequently went to Waterford where the citizens maintained "a publique schoolmaster, one fflahie." Though Flahie fled from the Protestant Commissioners in 1615, and though order was taken "to suppress him from the exercise of teaching of youth, for he traynes upp scholers to become seminarie priests beyonde the seas," fej yet he continued his pedagogy, and with him young Baron began the classics. In the summer of 1626 having " profitted well " in his studies, he was sent by his brother Geoffry to the Franciscan house of Timoleague, Co. Cork, for a course of philosophy under Father Eugene Field. A few months later he entered the Franciscan order. Geoffry Baron writes to Luke Wadding 2nd December, 1626 : "Unknowen to any of his friends, he has taken the habitt of your holly Father St Francis the 27*** of October last, whome I desire God to his honour and glorie make a good frier." Shortly before Baron's departiu-e for Rome, 1629, the Lord

    (dj The original is exquisitely preserved in a version by Sir Samuel Ferguson : —

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where Bonaventure Baron received his first schooling. In the early years of the 1600s a school was kept here by a person named Sail, and it was there that Baron began his education. He went on to Waterford, where the citizens maintained a public schoolmaster named Flahie. Flahie had fled from Protestant Commissioners in 1615, and an order was taken to suppress him from teaching youth, for he trained up scholars to become seminary priests beyond the seas. Yet he continued teaching, and with him young Baron began the classics. By the summer of 1626 he had profited well in his studies, and his brother Geoffry sent him to the Franciscan house at Timoleague in County Cork for a course of philosophy under Father Eugene Field. A few months later he entered the Franciscan order. Geoffry Baron wrote to Luke Wadding on 2 December 1626 that he had taken the habit on 27 October, unknowen to any of his friends.

33. Bonaventure Baron sent to Franciscan house of Timoleague

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1626

    In the summer of 1626, having profited well in his studies, Bartholomew Baron was sent by his brother Geoffry to the Franciscan house of Timoleague, Co. Cork, for a course of philosophy under Father Eugene Field, before entering the Franciscan order that October.

    Read the passage

    During the early years of the seventeenth century a school was kept in the town by a person named Sail, and there Baron received his first education. He subsequently went to Waterford where the citizens maintained "a publique schoolmaster, one fflahie." Though Flahie fled from the Protestant Commissioners in 1615, and though order was taken "to suppress him from the exercise of teaching of youth, for he traynes upp scholers to become seminarie priests beyonde the seas," fej yet he continued his pedagogy, and with him young Baron began the classics. In the summer of 1626 having " profitted well " in his studies, he was sent by his brother Geoffry to the Franciscan house of Timoleague, Co. Cork, for a course of philosophy under Father Eugene Field. A few months later he entered the Franciscan order. Geoffry Baron writes to Luke Wadding 2nd December, 1626 : "Unknowen to any of his friends, he has taken the habitt of your holly Father St Francis the 27*** of October last, whome I desire God to his honour and glorie make a good frier." Shortly before Baron's departiu-e for Rome, 1629, the Lord

    (dj The original is exquisitely preserved in a version by Sir Samuel Ferguson : —

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now is Timoleague, a town in County Cork. Back in 1626, a young man named Baron was sent here to the Franciscan house for a course of philosophy under Father Eugene Field. Baron's education had begun in a school kept by a person named Sail. He then went to Waterford, where the citizens maintained a public schoolmaster named Flahie. Flahie had fled the Protestant Commissioners in 1615, and an order was taken to suppress him from teaching, for he "traynes upp scholers to become seminarie priests beyonde the seas." Yet Flahie continued teaching, and with him young Baron began the classics. In the summer of 1626, having "profitted well" in his studies, Baron's brother Geoffry sent him to Timoleague. A few months later he entered the Franciscan order. Geoffry wrote to Luke Wadding on the 2nd of December 1626: "Unknowen to any of his friends, he has taken the habitt of your holly Father St Francis the 27 of October last, whome I desire God to his honour and glorie make a good frier."

34. Booker's charitable bequests to poor English and Irish of Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1664

    In an earlier 1664 will made in Clonmel, Colonel John Booker left £5 to the poor English inhabitants and £10 10s to the poor Irish inhabitants of the town, along with a bequest to a friend for a ring.

    Read the passage

    There is a previous will dated 20 May, 1664, made in Clonmel in which Booker bequeaths "to the poore English inhabiteing in Clonmell £5: to the poor Irish inhabitauntes £io lOs : to Richard Denison 40s. to buye a ring to weare for mysake ; to my freind CoUonell John BuUer my cristall watch."

    1632 Bray, John. ^ 1803 Bray, Catherine White.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Clonmel, in Tipperary. In a will dated 20 May 1664, made here in this town, Colonel John Booker left £5 to the poor English inhabitants and £10 10s to the poor Irish inhabitants. He also asked Richard Denison to buy a ring to wear for his sake, and left his crystal watch to Colonel John Buller.

35. Cahir petition for the Union secured by Lord Clare's niece

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1799

    Lord Clare, through his niece the baroness of Cahir, obtained a petition from the town of Cahir in favour of the legislative Union, part of the manufactured support for the measure.

    Read the passage

    The country was now prostrate, held down by a force of 140,000 men. One section of the Protestant national party had joined the insurgents ; the other section had united with government in crushing them. The opportune time, therefore, had arrived for the English minister to carry out his design of a legislative union. In June, 1799, Lord Castlereagh made urgent appeals to Dr. Bray to procure discreetly. Catholic signatures in favour of the Union in Tipperary and Waterford. But the archbishop was not so easily caught ; he assured his lordship that he, as a Catholic bishop, had little influence. The Union might prove to be a useful measure, but bishops injure their own character and the cause of religion by interfering against the wishes of the people (j), Cornwallis, the viceroy, came at the same time to Marlfield to visit the Bagwells, three of whom were members of parliament. He made John Bagwell, the father, some offers but the bargain was not struck, for Bagwell held out for higher terms (k). However, after much effort, some opinion in favour of the Union was manufactured. Lord Clare, through his notorious niece the baroness of Cahir, obtained a petition from that town for the Union. Hely-Hutchinson gave his support and influence on the promise of the Earldom of Donoughmore (I). Agar, Protestant archbishop of Cashel, secured his son-in-law, Hawarden, in consideration of further promotion, ecclesiastical and civil (m). But the overwhelming majority, Protestant and Catholic, were opposed to the measure. Tipperary County sent a strong petition, among the signatures being Lords Lismore, Clonbrock, Mountcashel and Maxwell, Sir Thomas Osborne, Hon. John Hussey, C. B. Ponsonby, William Bagwell, W. H. Armstrong. John Bagwell wrote to Cornwallis that " the principal part of the freeholders of the county of Tipperary have signed resolutions against the Union." Public opinion, therefore, had to be suppressed. What took place in Clonmel is instructive and characteristic.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Caher, in Tipperary. Back in 1799, the country was held down by a force of 140,000 men, and the English minister saw his chance to push through a legislative union. Opinion in favour of it had to be manufactured, and this town played its part. Lord Clare, through his niece the baroness of Cahir, obtained a petition from Caher supporting the Union. It was one piece of a wider effort to create the appearance of backing for the measure. The overwhelming majority, Protestant and Catholic alike, were opposed, and Tipperary County sent a strong petition against it, signed by Lords Lismore, Clonbrock, Mountcashel and Maxwell among others. John Bagwell wrote to the viceroy Cornwallis that

36. Clonmel butter market at height of English trade in 1820s

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1817–1827

    Clonmel butter obtained early recognition and stood at the top of the English trade lists, with the market attaining its greatest popularity about 1820. The butter market itself was built in 1817 by subscription on a site granted by patron William Bagwell.

    Read the passage

    test was also provided ; since in case of doubt as to the " merchantable " condition of the butter " two able merchants of the place and two others skilled in such commodities," adjudicated. Subject to such stringent regulations, the butter trade inevitably gathered into certain centres, the names of which were a guarantee of the weight and quality of the article. " Clonmel " butter early obtained recognition, and for a considerable period stood at the top of the English trade lists. The market seems to have attained its greatest popularity about 1820. The returns made to parliament for the seven years, following are : —

    Ykars

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Clonmel now, in Tipperary. Back around 1820 this town's butter stood at the very top of the English trade lists, a guarantee of weight and quality. The butter market was built in 1817 by subscription on a site granted by patron William Bagwell. If there was doubt about whether butter was merchantable, two able merchants of the place and two others skilled in such commodities would adjudicate. Returns on the trade were made to parliament for the seven years following 1820.

37. Clonmel deemed 'No hope of any conformable' by Vice-President of Munster

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1611

    In October 1611, Sir Richard Moryson, Vice-President of Munster, reported that Clonmel showed no prospect of conforming, reflecting the town's resistance to the religious and political manufacturing of constituencies by English authorities before the 1613 parliament.

    Read the passage

    As this parliament was to determine the great issue not only of the confiscation of Ulster, but of the enactment of penal laws against the Catholics, the representatives chosen by the Clonmel freeholders, were evidently picked men. During the two previous years, the English authorities were carefully manufacturing the constituencies. But Sir Richard Moryson, Vice-President of Munster, in October 1611, had to report of Clonmel " No hope of any conformable " (m).

    Nicholas White was second son of Henry White, member in 1559. He was the wealthiest burgher of the period, and throughout the reign of James I. suffered most from religious persecution. The epithet " constant " applied to him therefore by his widow, was not an empty one («). He died 30 August, 1622.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    You are passing through Clonmel, a town in Tipperary that gave the English authorities serious trouble in 1611. In October of that year, Sir Richard Moryson, Vice-President of Munster, had to report of Clonmel, "No hope of any conformable." The English had spent two years carefully manufacturing the constituencies ahead of the 1613 parliament, which would decide the confiscation of Ulster and penal laws against Catholics. But the Clonmel freeholders picked their representatives carefully. Among those who resisted was Nicholas White, the wealthiest burgher of the period, who suffered most from religious persecution throughout the reign of James I. His widow called him "constant," and he died on 30 August 1622.

38. Clonmel jurors heavily fined in 1617

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1617

    Piers Butler Fitz Walter of Nodstown, Piers Hackett and John O'Kennedy, along with several others, members of a grand jury impanelled at Clonmel, were fined between £20 and £30 apiece and imprisoned for refusing to present recusants.

    Read the passage

    November 12. Piers Butler Fitz Walter of Nodstown(i) Piers Hackett of Ballytrasny and John O'Kennedy of Lackine, members of a grand jury impanelled before the above named justices at Clonmell in September last — to pay fines of ^^30 apiece, and John Keating of Nicholstowne, Teige O'Mullryan of Lysnesilly, Rory O'Kennedy of Ballyneclogh, James Mamell of Lysnemrocke and Edmond O'Hedyne of Mojmard all Co. Tipperary, being likewise members of the said jury, fines of £20 apiece and all of them to be imprisoned during pleasure for refusing to present recusants.

    1618 May 8. Piers Com)me, Richard Prendergast, James, Theobald, William and Thomas Butler of the county of the liberty of Tipperary, members of a jury impanelled before the Chief Baron of Exchequer and Baron Blenerhasset in the said County, to pay fines of £50 sterling apiece, to be imprisoned during pleasure and to give bonds for the public acknowledgment of their guilt for the like offence.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Clonmel now, in Tipperary. Back in 1617, a grand jury was impanelled here, and several jurors refused to present recusants — people who wouldn't conform to the established church. For that, Piers Butler Fitz Walter of Nodstown, Piers Hackett of Ballytrasny, and John O'Kennedy of Lackine were fined 30 pounds apiece. Five more jurors from Co. Tipperary — John Keating, Teige O'Mullryan, Rory O'Kennedy, James Mamell, and Edmond O'Hedyne — were fined 20 pounds each. All of them were sent to prison, held there at the court's pleasure. The following year, 1618, more jurors from the liberty of Tipperary met the same fate for the like offence, fined 50 pounds sterling each, imprisoned, and ordered to give bonds for a public acknowledgment of their guilt.

39. Clonmel recusants remain restrained in 1607

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1607

    The Earl of Thomond and Sir Richard Morrison were empowered to release recusant Catholics upon their own recognizances, but eight Clonmel men remained imprisoned because they refused the bond.

    Read the passage

    How long the burghers were kept in prison we have no means of knowing. In July the following year, 1607, the Earl of Thomond and Sir Richard Morrison were empowered to release the recusant Catholics upon their own recognizances. " All of them," wrote Chichester, " were accordingly set at liberty except fourteen whereof eight are of Clonmel, four of Cork and two of Kinsale who are still restrained because they obstinately refuse to enter into that bond " (fj.

    (c) This was John White, whose mother Anastasia Comerford, of VVaterford, was aunt of Lombard.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel in Tipperary, this town remembers a stubborn stand from 1607. In July of that year the Earl of Thomond and Sir Richard Morrison were empowered to release recusant Catholics upon their own recognizances. Chichester wrote that all were accordingly set at liberty except fourteen, whereof eight are of Clonmel, four of Cork and two of Kinsale, who are still restrained because they obstinately refuse to enter into that bond. Eight men of this town chose prison over signing.

40. Colonel Solomon Richards scandalizes London with treatment of Clonmel puritans

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1659

    Colonel Solomon Richards, a Commissioner of Transplantation, treated the puritan 'elect' of Clonmel as fanatics, and reports of his conduct scandalized London.

    Read the passage

    . Col : Richards behaviour at Clonmell to those whose judgment leads them to sing psalms, makes a very loud noise here, and seems not to be relished (cc).

    Among the most godly members of the congregation was Major Thomas Stanley who succeeded Sankey in the governorship of the precinct. He is described in the Carte correspondence as a " phanatique officer." He was

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Clonmel now. In 1659 Colonel Solomon Richards, a Commissioner of Transplantation, scandalized London with his conduct toward the puritan folk here. He treated those whose judgment led them to sing psalms as fanatics. Among the godly was Major Thomas Stanley, described in the Carte correspondence as a "phanatique officer."

41. Creation of the office of Superior/Sovereign in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1371

    In 1371 a royal writ granted the provost and commonalty of Clonmel license to elect a Superior annually to govern the town, citing threats from malefactors and robbers, modelled on the superiors of Kilkenny, Ross, Wexford and Youghal.

    Read the passage

    Edward by the grace of God, King of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all whom these presents shall reach, greet im;. Whereas we considering how much the town of Clonmel within the liberty of our beloved and faithful cousin James le Bottiler, Earl of Ormond, stands in need of ampler and more powerful government than it has had hitherto, especially in these days when the citizens as loyal men are seriously and openly threatened by malefactors and robbers, as is reported. We, therefore wishing to make liberal provision for the safety and defence of the said town by our special grace and at the request of our said cousin grant and give license for us and our heirs to the extent of our power, to the provost and commonalty of the said town that they in future whenever it shall please them, shall elect out of their fellow burgesses every year, a Superior who when elected shall make oath before the provost and commonalty to do each and everything necessary and opportune for the safe and secure government of the said town and the peace and tranquillity of our loyal men therein, just as the superiors of the towns of Kilkenny, Ross, Wexford and Youghal reasonably do. We grant also to the provost and commonalty for the time being by these presents in writing that they be intendant and respondent to the Superior for the time being in all things relating to his office as often as and just as is enjoined him on our part, the right of the royal liberty granted to our cousin and his heirs, being saved in every wise. In testimony of which, etc. William de Wyndsor, lord lieutenant, Kilkenny, 20 January, 1371-

    A few years later the citizens obtained a grant of a more valuable character, namely, freedom from pre-emption and purveyance. The royal privilege of commandeering food and conveyance at a price fixed by the

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in a town that once lacked strong government. In 1371, King Edward issued a royal writ saying the citizens were being openly threatened by malefactors and robbers. The town stood within the liberty of James le Bottiler, Earl of Ormond, and the king said it needed ampler and more powerful government than it had had before. At Ormond's request, the king granted the provost and commonalty of Clonmel license to elect a Superior each year from among their fellow burgesses. The Superior was to swear an oath before the provost and commonalty to do everything necessary for the safe government of the town and the peace of its loyal men. This was modelled on what the superiors of Kilkenny, Ross, Wexford and Youghal already did. The writ was issued by William de Wyndsor, the lord lieutenant, at Kilkenny on 20 January 1371. The provost and commonalty were also required to be answerable to the Superior in all things relating to his office. A few years later the citizens obtained another grant, freedom from pre-emption and purveyance, which meant the royal practice of commandeering food and conveyance at a fixed price no longer applied to them.

42. Freeholders' meeting for parliamentary independence in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1780

    A large and respectable meeting of freeholders was held in Clonmel on 30 March 1780, presided over by Lord Kingsborough, at which Sir Edward Newenham moved resolutions demanding parliamentary independence for Ireland, seconded by prominent local gentlemen.

    Read the passage

    [1780.] A most respectable and numerous meeting of freeholders was held in Clonmel on 30 March presided over by Lord Kingsborough, as the High Sheriff did not attend. Sir Edward Newenham moved several spirited resolutions which were seconded by John Bagwell of Belgrove, Counsellor FitzGerald, John Bagwell of Kilmore, Daniel Toler, Mr. Frazer, and others. These gentlemen showed that unless parliament secured the independence of the kingdom there was no security for the late commercial advantages (a).

    Two years later mere political logic gave way to open defiance of England ; the artillery on the flank and the infantry in the centre, had not thundered in vain : —

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, you are in a town where, on 30 March 1780, a large meeting of freeholders gathered to demand parliamentary independence for Ireland. Lord Kingsborough presided, since the High Sheriff did not attend. Sir Edward Newenham moved several resolutions, seconded by John Bagwell of Belgrove, Counsellor FitzGerald, John Bagwell of Kilmore, Daniel Toler, Mr. Frazer, and others. They argued that unless parliament secured the independence of the kingdom, there was no security for the recent commercial advantages.

43. Garrisons maintained by Sir Thomas Butler at named castles

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1542

    Sir Thomas Butler was reported to have maintained garrisons of men at Rehill castle, Castlegrace, Cahir and Ardcollum (Dovehill), charging the burden onto local freeholders, an unusually heavy imposition compared to the Earl of Ormond.

    Read the passage

    He sessith them with such persones as he commandeth nedeles to kepe garisons and castells within the said countie that is to say with the chardge of eight in the Reghill [Rehill castle] eight in graciscastell [Castlegrace] twelve in the Cahir and four in Ardcollum [Dovehill] the like whereof neither therle of Ormounde ne noon other of your graces obedient subiects vse.

    He sessith them dailly with the chardges of all manner kynde of labourers for the buylding and repayring of his castells houses mylls making of hedges and ditches about his gardeyns and orcheyards and other inclosures at his will and pleasyr.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cahir, this was one of the castles where Sir Thomas Butler kept a garrison in 1542. He stationed 12 men here, eight at Rehill castle, eight at Castlegrace, and four at Ardcollum, or Dovehill, charging the cost onto local freeholders. Neither the Earl of Ormond nor any other of the king's obedient subjects imposed such a burden. He also charged them daily with labourers for building and repairing his castles, houses, mills, hedges and ditches around his gardens and orchards at his own will and pleasure.

44. Governor of the Citadel of Clonmel appointed

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1660

    After the Restoration, Francis Foulke was rewarded for abandoning the republican cause with an appointment as Governor of the town and citadel of Clonmel.

    Read the passage

    Youghal. When Inchiquin in 1648 changed sides, though the Parliament auxiliaries followed him, he was not quite assured of their loyalty. Cromwell in the beginning of his campaign opened private communications with Townsend. Robert Foulke was despatched from Dublin to Camphire where his brother Francis was in command, and it was resolved that Francis Foulke, Townsend, and others should surprise Youghal. Though unsuccessful at first, Youghal was secured for Cromwell shortly after. At the Restoration, Foulkes abandoning the republican cause was rewarded by an appointment as a captain of foot 13 December, 1660 ; was granted the wardship of the Earl of Clanbrassil; and by King's Letter 12 I>ecember, 1660, was made " Governor of the town and citadel of Clonmel."

    1661, June 14th — Sir James Shaen, Knt., vice Stanley for Co. Louth.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this town had a citadel and a governor appointed in 1660. After the Restoration, Francis Foulke was rewarded for abandoning the republican cause. He and his brother Robert had earlier plotted to seize Youghal for Cromwell, sending Robert from Dublin to Camphire where Francis was in command. The attempt failed at first, but Youghal was secured shortly after. On 12 December 1660, a King's Letter made him "Governor of the town and citadel of Clonmel." The next day he was appointed a captain of foot, and he was also granted the wardship of the Earl of Clanbrassil.

45. Greer and Murphy brewery in Dowd's Lane and Nelson Street

    Dowd's Lane · street · Tipperary · 1798

    Three years after the Morton brewery, in 1798, Messrs. Greer and Murphy established a brewery in Dowd's Lane and Nelson Street, an industry that continued to flourish under the same family a century later.

    Read the passage

    Catholicks in the South of Ireland," notes the observant Young, " spin wool very generally but the purchasers of their labour and the whole worsted trade is in the hands of the Quakers of Clonmel, Carrick, etc." fssj. These exported the wool in yarn to Bristol or Norwich, and after paying freight, landing duties and the rest, reaped a handsome profit, having had the wool spun at the living wage of two pence a day ftt). An industry which dates from this period and which after many vicissitudes still exists, is brewing. During the eighteenth century people made their own beer as well as baked their own bread, and among the household expenditure will be found items for the purchase of hops and the malting of barley (uuj. Tea was still a luxur} only obtainable by the wealthy, and instead tnilk, small beer and cider were drunk. In 1785 there were in Clonmel 128 maltsters, the number of malt houses being 191. The following year the first malt tax was levied in Ireland, Id. per bushel, with the result that the consumption of beer declined and spirits increased. A considerable amount of whiskey was distilled by Thomas Morton, James Daniel, David Malcomson and others, and sold at the price of 3s. 4d. a gallon, the duty being only is. 4J4d. The state of the brewing industry may be conjectured from such advertisements in the local newspapers as "Just landed at Michael Luther's Stores oh the Quay, Clonmel, 150 Tierces best London porter which he will sell at Waterford prices free of charges, 17 March 1792 " (wj. Ehiring the years 1791-1794 the decline in brewing and the excessive use of low-priced spirituous liquors, were much discussed in the Irish parliament, and at length a resolution was come to withdrawing the tax on beer. The effects were immediately felt. The following year, 1795, the firm of Thomas and Samuel Morton began the erection of the brewery and stores in Morton Street (long known as Brewery Lane) on a scale equal to the Cork and Dublin breweries. They were followed three years later by Messrs. Greer and Murphy in Dowd's Lane and Nelson Street, where the industry carried on by the representatives of the family, still flourishes after the lapse of a century.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Along here in Dowd's Lane, Greer and Murphy set up a brewery in 1798, three years after Thomas and Samuel Morton began building their brewery in Morton Street. The Morton brewery was built on a scale to rival those of Cork and Dublin. Greer and Murphy followed in Dowd's Lane and Nelson Street, and the industry was still flourishing a century later under the representatives of the family. Brewing had been a household activity through the eighteenth century, with people making their own beer, but in 1785 there were 128 maltsters and 191 mal houses in Clonmel. A malt tax the following year pushed people toward cheaper spirits, and whiskey was being distilled and sold at 3s. 4d. a gallon. The Irish parliament discussed the decline in brewing and in 1795 resolved to withdraw the tax on beer, which opened the way for the Morton brewery and then for Greer and Murphy here.

46. Household Inventory of Clonmel Draper Henry White, 1614

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1614

    The 1614 will and inventory of Henry White fitz Thomas, a draper of Clonmel, lists his household goods including a silver cup, pewter dishes, frieze cloth, malt barrels and money, offering a detailed glimpse into the material comfort of Clonmel's shopkeeping class.

    Read the passage

    fiirst a big olde measinge pan. A silver standinge cupp or noil. A newe table boord. A new carpeleade. A prasneath. ffowre pewter dishes. Two pattingers. A flocke bed, a paire of sheets, ffifty five settes, three shaggs, ffovrte ordynaries, one hundred and thirty yards frize, six peeces of checkes, eighteen poundes in moneye, tenn barrells oaten malte, three barrells barley malte. There is alsoe due to me of Mr Nicholas White fitz Henry 8 li sterlinge as by our mutuall deede indated more at large may appeare. Itm I have in shopp wares by myne estimation ye value of 40 shillings sterlinge. Itm a cheste price seven shill. ster. (kk).

    Perhaps the best evidence of the prosperity of Clonmel at this period is the large amount of money advanced by the several merchants on landed security — then the only investment obtainable. In the patent and close rolls of James I. and Charles I. are mortgages of extensive estates made to Patrick White fitz Thomas, James White fitz Robert, John Bray fitz John, Laurence Barron and others (II), As the interest on these mortgages varied from 15 to 30 per cent, foreclosure was the sequel ; the mortgage therefore was but the transition stage to landed proprietorship. Accordingly in the next generation the representatives of these merchants appear in the "Book of Distribution " as forfeiting landowners (mm). Their wills also, many of which are extant, supply further information on the point and give invaluable glimpses into their social state and civilization.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel, the town you're passing through, was a place of real commercial comfort in 1614. That year a draper here named Henry White fitz Thomas left a will listing his household goods: a silver standing cup, four pewter dishes, a new table board, a flock bed with a pair of sheets, 130 yards of frieze cloth, and ten barrels of oat malt. He had 18 pounds in money and shop wares valued at 40 shillings. The wider picture is that Clonmel's merchants were lending large sums on landed security at 15 to 30 per cent interest, and foreclosure followed, so the next generation of these families show up as landowners in the Book of Distribution. Patrick White fitz Thomas, James White fitz Robert, John Bray fitz John and Laurence Barron were among them.

47. Laurence Baron, prosperous merchant of St. Mary's Street, Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1607–1622

    Laurence Baron, father of Geoffry Baron, lived in St. Mary's Street and was the most prosperous merchant in Clonmel during the early seventeenth century, leaving extensive mortgages, lands and houses to his son on his death in 1622.

    Read the passage

    Geoffry Baron, born 1607, was the eldest of four sons born to Laurence Baron and Mary Wadding, his wife, sister of the celebrated Father Luke Wadding. Laurence Baron lived in St. Mary's Street, and was the most prosperous merchant in Clonmel during the first quarter of the seventeenth century. At his death in 1622 he bequeathed to his son Geoffry some seventeen mortgages amounting to £1,304 besides various lands and houses. As Geoffry was under age he became the king's ward; the Patent Rolls record : —

    7 July 21 James I. (1623) Grant of the wardship of Geoffry Baron, son and heir of Lawrence Baron of Qonmel, to Richard Daniel in consideration of a fine of £100 Irish.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this was the home of Laurence Baron, the most prosperous merchant in the town during the first quarter of the 1600s. He lived in St. Mary's Street with his wife Mary Wadding, sister of Father Luke Wadding. When he died in 1622 he left his son Geoffry seventeen mortgages worth £1,304, plus lands and houses. Geoffry, born in 1607, was underage and became the king's ward.

48. Multi-purpose Stone House in High Street

    near High Street · street · Tipperary · 1654

    A stone house in the middle of the town served variously as a guard house, a butchers' shop, and a common gaol. It had long been the property of the Corporation of Clonmel.

    Read the passage

    High Street itself contained seven (aa). Several houses especially in Lough Street and Our Lady Street had gardens to the rere, while a few of the burghers raised edifices which in size and character made pretension to feudal castles (bb). In High Street to the right of the Shambles Lane was a structure the various uses of which are quaintly set forth in the Survey of 1654. "The stone house in the middle of the Towne in the South side. The upper part whereof was formerly used for a guard house, the middle part thereof was continually used by Butchers to sell meat and the Loer part thereof comonly used for a Comon Goale which was alwayse time out of minde property belonging to the Corporation and imployed to the uses afForesaid." Opposite Bridge Street and forming the end of Middle Row stood " the county goale and Town hall built over the same," a building round which gathered many painful memories. Hither in 1 565 — to go no farther back, was brought in triumph by Ormonde, the wounded Earl of Desmond. Two years later by a kind of Nemesis, its doors closed on Edmund Butler, Ormond's own brother. Towards the end of 1582 Eleanor the wife of the ill-fated Desmond, entered it and only in January, 1 584 left, to suffer more extreme want and misery in Dublin Castle. From it the following year was led out to execution Father Maurice Kinrechtan. Peer and priest alike, the champions of a fallen cause and a proscribed religion shared its horrors. Ascending St. Mary's Street a few buildings of a different character were to be met. Adjoining the church was the 'fFree school' where in the early seventeenth century an excellent classical education was given. The Jesuits appear to have conducted it for a while, and when distinguished personages visited the town florid addresses in Latin hexameters were read by the pupil% Straflford was bored in 1637 by " a deadly long one " but eight years before, Falkland and his companion Boyle, Earl of Cork, were greatly impressed by some verses recited by Bartholomew Barron. Close to the Free School was "a stone, slate house, built about 1624 by the Commons of Clonmell, upon a part of their Common land, and sett apart for an Hospitall for old, impotent, decayed inhabitants of Clonmell." This owed its existence to the charity of James White fitz Robert whose will dated 29th June, 1622 contains the bequest " Item I will, bequeath and demise of the moneyes due to me of John fitz Gerald of Dromany in the County of Waterford Esqr towards the building of the poore house or hospitall in Clonmell aforesaid the sum of fortie pounds ster"^rrA Nor were the * impotent and decayed' inmates forgotten by the citizens. For example, Sir James Goeghe of Kilmanahan in 1628 ordered his

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 5

49. Munster Presbytery meets in Clonmel and adopts Unitarian creed

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1726

    In 1726 the Munster Presbytery met in Clonmel and passed a resolution adopting the Unitarian creed and supporting the Presbytery of Antrim against the Synod of Ulster's attempt to impose the Scotch Confession of Faith.

    Read the passage

    is probable that the great bulk of the new settlers followed the example of the preacher, Ladyman, and attached themselves to the Church by Law Established. Among these were Charles Blount, Richard and Edward Hutchinson, Charles Alcock, Samuel Foley, Richard Moore and others less prominent. But sturdy Cromwellians such as Thomas Batty, William Vaughan, Phineas Riall and Richard Perry, refused to accept the new order of things, and formed themselves into a dissenting congregation with Mr. Wood for preacher. A lease of the old Franciscan church was obtained by Batty, and Dissent thereby, some years later, obtained a local habitation. The preachers for the second half of the seventeenth century, were Messrs. Wood, Palmer, Ford and Carr. Phineas Riall was treasurer to the congregation in the opening years of the eighteenth century, and from his accounts we glean some particulars. John Shaw was minister in 1706, and was paid £lOO a year, made up by a personal levy. Offerings for the poor were taken on Sundays and averaged 2s. 6d., but on the l&rst Sunday of the month they rose to £l 5s. The trustees of the congregation in 1725, were John Perry, John Bagwell and Joseph Barret, as appears by a loan of £lOO to Jeremiah Vickars of Dublin, for which he paid 7 per cent. The following year a momentous decision was come to by the Munster Presbytery which met in Clonmel, 2ist July. This was a resolution adopting the Unitarian creed, and supporting the Presbytery of Antrim against the Synod of Ulster which had endeavoured to impose the Scotch Confession of Faith.

    We do think ourselves in duty bound in compliance with the request and application of the Presbytery of Antrim to hold ministerial and Christian unionism with them — being persuaded we shall thereby be enabled to contribute to maintaining the truth and interests of the Protestant cause, and rights and liberties of the Christian Church.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, there's a piece of religious history from 1726 worth hearing. The Munster Presbytery met here on the 21st of July that year and passed a resolution adopting the Unitarian creed. They also declared their support for the Presbytery of Antrim against the Synod of Ulster, which had been trying to impose the Scotch Confession of Faith. Their resolution declared that they felt themselves "in duty bound" to hold "ministerial and Christian unionism" with the Presbytery of Antrim, persuaded they would thereby maintain "the truth and interests of the Protestant cause, and rights and liberties of the Christian Church." The roots of this meeting go back to the dissenting congregation formed in Clonmel by Cromwellians such as Thomas Batty, William Vaughan, Phineas Riall and Richard Perry, who refused to accept the established church after the Restoration. They obtained a lease of the old Franciscan church for their worship. By the opening years of the eighteenth century Phineas Riall served as treasurer, and in 1706 the minister John Shaw was paid 100 pounds a year through a personal levy. In 1725 the congregation's trustees were John Perry, John Bagwell and Joseph Barret. The following year brought the decision that aligned the Munster Presbytery with the Unitarian cause and with Antrim.

50. Naturalization of the O'Molrony family at Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1375

    A grant dated at Clonmel on 6 December 1375 gave O'Molrony O'Griffy, chief of his race, and his kin free state and freedom from Irish slavery, permitting them to use English law and acquire land, goods and cattle as reward for loyalty.

    Read the passage

    The King grants to O'Molrony O'Griffy chief of his race, to Molrony his son, to Neill and Desmond brothers of the said 0*Molrony, that they and all their descendants be of free state and free from all Irish slavery, that they use English law and freely acquire lands, goods and cattle, because they have become faithful subjects and reformed themselves and their people to the King's peace and loyalty. Clonmel, 6 December, 1375 (00),

    Again,

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Clonmel now, a Tipperary town with an old legal story. In December 1375 the King granted O'Molrony O'Griffy, chief of his race, along with his son Molrony and brothers Neill and Desmond, freedom from Irish slavery and the right to use English law. They could freely acquire lands, goods and cattle, because they had become faithful subjects and reformed themselves to the King's peace.

51. New Catholic-majority charter granted to Clonmel Corporation, 1688

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1687–1688

    A new charter dated 3 James II (1687) established a governing body for Clonmel to come into existence on 29 September 1688, predominantly composed of Catholic merchants and gentry including James Butler as Mayor and Sir Theobald Butler as Recorder.

    Read the passage

    elected, had violated the articles of incorporation and the like. Furthermore, a new charter (7 December 3, Jas. IL, 1687) passed the great seal. It has been the fashion of partisan historians, such as Harris and King, to represent these proceedings as the confiscation of civic rights, and the filling of the corporations with the dregs of the papist population to the exclusion of the respectable Protestant inhabitants. The truth is that the new charters enlarged the powers of the local bodies and provided safeguards against their becoming what they subsequently did — mere pocket boroughs. The following were named in the charter to Clonmel as the governing body to come into existence 29th September, 1688 : —

    Mayor, James Butler, Merchant.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel in Tipperary, a charter story sits in this town. In December 1687, a new charter passed the great seal, establishing a governing body for Clonmel to come into existence on 29 September 1688. James Butler, a merchant, was named Mayor. Partisan historians like Harris and King called these charters a confiscation of civic rights, filling corporations with Catholics to the exclusion of respectable Protestant inhabitants. But the charters actually enlarged the powers of local bodies and provided safeguards against their becoming mere pocket boroughs.

52. Opposition to new bridges over fears for boat traffic, 1811

    Raheen · townland · Tipperary · 1811

    At the Summer Assizes of 1811 the Grand Jury passed a presentment for a bridge near the salt and lime works at Raheen; boat owners employed counsel to argue the new piers would cause fearful loss of life and merchandise through collision.

    Read the passage

    ft) The building of these bridges excited opposition in unlooked for quarters. The Corporation were apprehensive that the western bridge would injure their tolls. When, at the Suininer Assizes, 181 1, the Grand Jury passed a presentment for building a bridge '* over that part of the river opposite to the salt and lime works at Raheen," the boat owners employed council to call up a fearful vision of loss of life and merchandize through collision with the piers of the proposed bridge.

    (11) Pigot. Commercial Directory. Manchester, 1820.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 13

53. Piers Butler's raid on Glenaheira and Kilmanahan Castle

    Kilmanahan · townland · Waterford · 1564

    Piers Butler scoured the barony of Glenaheira, carrying off six hundred cattle belonging to Shane McGrath of Kilmanahan Castle.

    Read the passage

    that the same extende in all places within the same countie withoute anye exception, and the erle of Desmonde supposing that the boundes of the said countie extende not so fair as the said earle of Ormonde pretendith to have lybertie and the said manors ought not to answer the sayde liberty." (g). Though the earls were bound to the peace in the sum of £2,000 each, yet two years later they were as busy as ever in murderous cattle lifting. By orders made by the lieutenant and council at Waterford, 1st August, 1 560, John Butler, Piers Butler and Edmund Commins, of Tolomane, were delivered as hostages for the good conduct of Ormond, John fitz James of Desmond, the White Knight and John Browne, for Desmond, the manors of Blackcastle and Kilmanahan being put in pledge by the respective earls (h). The legal victory was gained by Ormond, 6th July, 1 562, when an order of the queen confirmed to him " the right, title and inheritance of the royalties, knights' fees and other liberties and things as well in the manors of Clonmel, Kilfekille and Kilsheelan, as elsewhere in Tipperary." (i). But Desmond was by no means prepared to acquiesce in this arrangement of Elizabeth with Ormond " her black husband " as she fondly styled him. In November, 1563, hostilities began again by a cattle raid on Kilfeacle. Ormond retaliated and three months later a pitched battle was fought at Affane where Desmond was routed and brought a wounded prisoner to Clonmel. The September following Piers Butler scoured the barony of Glenaheira carrying off six hundred cattle belonging to Shane McGrath, of Kilmanahan Castle. While Desmond and his brother Sir John Fitz Gerald were prisoners in London, they found a redoubtable champion in Rory McGrath, the son of Shane. He maintained his position in Kilmanahan against all comers, and for some years kept Clonmel almost in a state of siege. Though Sir John Fitz Gerald wrote from London in 1 569 to have him expelled from Kilmanahan and Philip Crah appointed, no notice was taken of the letter for the reason probably, it was shrewdly suspected not to convey Fitz Gerald's real wishes. Ormond offered a garrison to defend the town, but the expense of maintenance made the citizens decline the offer. They subsequently paid dearly for their parsimony for one day Rory came as usual cattle lifting from the meadows about the town. The citizens were reluctant to leave the shelter of the walls, but the hot-headed sovereign threatened to denounce them as traitors to the Queen. A pursuit party was therefore formed. Rory drew them into the hills where falling upon them one of the first slain was the sovereign himself. Two years later, in 1574, Rory captured the Butler castle of Derrinlaur by means

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

54. Robert Marshall's contested Clonmel parliamentary elections

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1725–1727

    Robert Marshall became identified with the Hamerton party against the Moore party in Clonmel, unseating the Recorder Thomas Marlay in 1725, and later, with Robert Hamerton, unseating the Moores as elected MPs for Clonmel after petitioning the House of Commons.

    Read the passage

    Robert Marshall, the son of John Marshall, of Clonmel, .and Catherine his wife, was born about 1690. John would appear to have been an attorney who accumulated a considerable fortune, and purchased houses and lands from the Ormond trustees ; he lived in the house in Boate Street previously occupied by Samuel Foley, and there committed suicide 22nd April, 1717 (k). Robert received his early education at the Clonmel Free School, whence probably he passed to Trinity College, Dublin. Having read his terms he was called to the bar in 1723. As politics, or rather factionism, was in those days the surest road to success at the bar, Marshall became early identified with the Hamerton as opposed to the Moore party in Clonmel. In 1725 on the death of Robert Fitzgerald, Recorder of the town, he had himself nominated for the office, in opposition to Thomas Marlay, Solicitor-General, the champion of the Moore interest After a fierce contest Stephen Moore, mayor, declared Marlay elected, but Marshall on petition to the Privy Council unseated him. This was the foundation of Marshall's career. Two years later at the general election consequent on the accession of George II., he and Robert Hamerton contested Clonmel against the Moores. The Moores were returned, but Marshall and Hamerton petitioning the House of Commons unseated them and became members of parliament during the life-time of the king. With parliamentary influence success at the bar rapidly followed. Marshall was briefed in all the leading cases. He was appointed third sergeant-at-law l8th April, 1738 ; second 31st March, 1741. Nor was he, like

    (k) See Waterford Arclueological Journal^ No. 32, p 85. By deeds 2nd and 3rd November, 1720, Robert Marshall conveyed to John Bagwell the late dwelling-house, back-yard, coach-house and stables, with the little yard and turret joining the Quay and Gateway under the house. Bagwell carried on business there, and on his death in 1752 the place passed to Riall, his son-in-law, who founded the bank. On the collapse of the Riall's Bank, 1820, the premises were sold to the Provincial Bank.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, the Tipperary town where Robert Marshall fought two contested elections in the 1720s. Marshall was born about 1690, the son of a Clonmel attorney who had bought houses and lands from the Ormond trustees. His father lived in Boate Street and died there by his own hand on 22 April 1717. Marshall went to the Clonmel Free School and was called to the bar in 1723. In Clonmel's factional politics, Marshall threw in with the Hamerton party against the Moore party. In 1725, when the recorder Robert Fitzgerald died, Marshall put himself forward for the office against Thomas Marlay, the solicitor-general and champion of the Moore interest. Stephen Moore, the mayor, declared Marlay elected, but Marshall petitioned the Privy Council and unseated him. That victory was the foundation of his career. Two years later, with the accession of George II, a general election was called. Marshall and Robert Hamerton contested Clonmel against the Moores. The Moores were returned, but Marshall and Hamerton petitioned the House of Commons, unseated them, and sat as members of parliament for the life of the king. Success at the bar followed. Marshall was appointed third sergeant-at-law on 18 April 1738, and second sergeant on 31 March 1741.

55. The Abbey Grounds and town wall features described from a 17th-century map

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1600–1699

    A seventeenth-century map of Clonmel showed the Franciscan Friary standing in the open 'Abbey Grounds', with the town wall running from Sheelane Street to the river, two circular embattled towers near Abbey Street, and a bastion protecting the Water Gate.

    Read the passage

    Where the Main Guard now stands was a row of small holdings, extending halfway down Duncan, or as it was then styled " Boat " Street, as far as Bank lane which appears from the map to have been a passage enclosed by a gateway, leading into ''The Abbey Grounds" — a great open space, thinly planted with trees. In the centre of these grounds stood the Franciscan Friary, a large building in the olden time and one of the most splendid houses of the Order in Ireland as regards its internal decoration. The town wall, which formed the boundary, extended from the end of Dublin or as it was then called "Sheelane" Street, where the eastern gate stood, down to the verge of the river. Two circular embattled towers stood side by side, nearly opposite Abbey Street ; while a heavy quadrangular structure called " The Bastion" at the end of Boate Street protected "The Water Sate." Some two or three large com stores now occupy the site of " The Bastion." About midway between " The Bastion " and the eastern wall of the town stood " His Grace's Mansion." It was a long building stretching across the present Abbey Street, which at that time had no existence. Immediately to the rere of the mansion was " His Grace's Kitchen," while in front was "His Grace's Orcharde" occupying an angle of the Abbey grounds (qq).

    (oo) This advice was that she could retain the property salva conscientia on condition of distributing ahns each year, the amount to be determined by her confessor.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, a 17th-century map gives a picture of the town as it once stood. Where the Main Guard now stands was a row of small holdings running halfway down Boate Street to Bank Lane, which was a passage through a gateway into the Abbey Grounds. Those grounds were a great open space, thinly planted with trees, and at their centre stood the Franciscan Friary, a large building and one of the most splendid houses of the Order in Ireland for its internal decoration. The town wall ran from the end of Sheelane Street, where the eastern gate stood, down to the river. Two circular embattled towers stood side by side near Abbey Street, and a heavy quadrangular structure called the Bastion at the end of Boate Street protected the Water Gate. About midway between the Bastion and the eastern wall stood His Grace's Mansion, a long building stretching across what is now Abbey Street, which did not then exist. Behind it was His Grace's Kitchen, and in front was His Grace's Orchard, occupying an angle of the Abbey Grounds.

56. Tomb of John White, first mayor of Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1615

    The tomb of John White fitz Geoffrey, first mayor of Clonmel and seneschal of the County Palatine of Tipperary, was removed from the Franciscan church to St Mary's Catholic church, where it remains, bearing an inscribed panel with the White arms.

    Read the passage

    Sometime Seneschal of the County Palatine of Tipperary,

    Sheriff of the County of Waterford, First Mayor of Clonmel.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this is the town where John White fitz Geoffrey is buried. He was first mayor of Clonmel, seneschal of the County Palatine of Tipperary, and sheriff of County Waterford. His tomb was moved from the Franciscan church to St Mary's Catholic church, where it remains today, bearing the White arms on an inscribed panel. He died in 1615.

57. Trade restrictions enacted by Sir Thomas Butler and local lords at Cahir

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1535–1537

    Sir Thomas Butler as governor, along with priors of Cahir and Ardfinnan and other local lords, enacted that no one under their jurisdiction could sell wool, flesh or merchandise to the King's market towns without special license, with penalties enforced without mercy.

    Read the passage

    Itm they fynde that Sir Thomas Butler Knight, Nycholas Keteing of Nycholas Town, Jamys Keteing of the Mortown, Jamys Englyshe of Whytechurche, the Pryor of the Kagher [Cahir] the Pryor of our Lady Abbey [Ardfinnan] John Mawclerkeof Dounes Towne, Thomas Prendergaste of the New Castell, Robert McShane Prendergaste, Robert Keteyng of Ardfinan and all others within this shire in the cantrede of Clonmell that have any towne or villadge under his govemaunce with one assent and assembleing, before Sir Thomas Butler as govemer of them hath affyrmed and establyshed and enacteid that none under their govemaunce nor jurysdycon shalle sell or bring any woUe fleshe or other merchandyse oute or fro any towne or vyllege to market towne of the Kings wythoute speciall lycence. And so this acte made by commandyment and penaltye to be leved of the seller wythoute grace.

    But besides this boycotting of the markets of the town, there was also the grievance of forestalling. Certain persons styled " gray merchants " went through the country buying "hides, felles [skins] checkers, fleges, yarne, linnen cloth, woole and flockes " secretly and not in open market, with the evil intent to sell them again (b),

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near the town of Cahir in Tipperary. Around 1535 to 1537, this area was caught in a trade squeeze. Sir Thomas Butler, acting as governor, gathered local lords, the priors of Cahir and Ardfinnan, and other men of the cantred of Clonmel, and together they enacted that no one under their jurisdiction could sell or bring any wool, flesh or other merchandise out of any town or village to the King's market towns without special license. The penalty was to be levied on the seller, as the record says, "without grace." It was a coordinated effort, signed by men like Nicholas Keating of Nicholas Town, James Keating of the Moortown, Thomas Prendergast of the New Castle, and others. Beyond that boycott of the King's markets, there was also the grievance of what they called forestalling. Men known as gray merchants went through the country buying hides, skins, yarn, linen cloth, wool and flocks secretly and not in open market, with intent to sell them again.

58. Walter Butler of Cloughbreedy and the 1641 attack on Golden

    Golden · town · Tipperary · 1641–1654

    Walter Butler of Cloughbreedy gave evidence against James Butler of Roosca regarding the attack on Golden in 1641, and pleaded he could not safely live among James's kindred in Connaught.

    Read the passage

    Petitions from the wretched people went forth to the Council in Dublin to be dispensed from transplanting. Some pleaded their age ; many were infirm ; some had never borne arms against the Parliament of England ; some had shown, in fact, a constant good affection towards it. Several already convinced of the errors of Popery, were earnestly seeking (Jod. John Walsh of Lisronagh (upon the certificate of Colonel Richards) had performed many good and acceptable services to the Commonwealth, and was on the 17th March dispensed from transplanting until further notice. George Mathew of Rehill (uncle and guardian of Lord Cahir), upon the certificate of Colonel Jerome Sankey, having lived civilly, and given intelligence on divers occasions to the Cromwellian soldiers, was also dispensed. The petitions of John Bray and Thomas White were referred to the Athlone Commissioners. James Kearney of Fethard, was on 5th May dispensed for twelve months on proof he had not appeared in arms against the Commonwealth in the first year of the war. Walter Butler of Cloughbreedy, had given evidence against James Butler of Roosca, of the attack on Golden in 1641. Wherefore (he said) he could not without hazard of his life live amongst the said James' kindred in Connaught. There was so great resort of the Irish to divine worship in the liberties of Clonmel (so reported Major Stanley) that Mr.

    History of Clonmel. 87

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 8

59. 1799 lease of ruined choir to Catholic brewer with reversion clause

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1799

    On 1 June 1799 Catholic brewer Richard FitzPatrick obtained a 31-year lease of the ruined choir of the old Franciscan church from John Coman, with the proviso that it could be resumed if the parish priest and Catholic inhabitants wished to convert it back into a chapel.

    Read the passage

    Provided that if the Parish Priest of Clonmel and the Roman Catholic Inhabitants thereof, or a Committee thereof of which the said Priest shall be one, shall at any time hereafter be disposed to convert the said Premises into a Chappel, that in that case it shall and may be lawful to and for the said John Coman to resume the possession of the said premises (a).

    Yet six years before this lease had expired, the Franciscans were once more established in their old habitat. On 23rd May, 1825, Rev. Charles Dalton purchased "the castle and store in Warren Street" from Patrick Rivers as representative of Richard FitzPatrick, covenanting to pay all arrears of rent due to Samuel Perry and the representatives of John Coman. The ancient choir now formed the body of the church, a wing was added at the east end, and in this L shaped structure two galleries were placed to increase the accommodation. Such was the church of the friars as it was re-opened in 1827 — 177 years after they had been driven out by Cromwell, and 558 since their first coming to the town.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, a town with a long Franciscan story. In 1799 the Catholic brewer Richard FitzPatrick took a 31-year lease of the ruined choir of the old Franciscan church from John Coman. The lease carried a clause: if the parish priest and Catholic inhabitants wished to convert it back into a chapel, Coman could resume possession. That is exactly what came to pass. Six years before the lease was due to expire, the Franciscans were back. On 23 May 1825, Reverend Charles Dalton bought the castle and store in Warren Street from Patrick Rivers, representing FitzPatrick, and agreed to pay all arrears owed to Samuel Perry and to Coman's representatives. The old choir became the body of the new church, a wing was added at the east end, and two galleries went in to increase the space. The friars reopened the church in 1827, 177 years after Cromwell had driven them out, and 558 years since they first came to Clonmel.

60. Alms House destroyed during Cromwellian occupation

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1650–1660

    The old Alms House at St Mary's was destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation of Clonmel, and a replacement was later built on the street in front of the present church, remembered in its ruinous state by persons still living at time of writing.

    Read the passage

    I. When during the reign of Charles. IL all hope of recovering the old church of St. Mary vanished, the Catholics built a thatched chapel on the holding of James Brenock in the Irishtown. Similarly they built an " Alms House " to replace the old one at St Mary's, destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation. This stood on the street in front of the present church, and in its ruinous state, is remembered by persons still living (a). It was occupied principally, if not exclusively, by aged women, and was maintained by

    (a) An *' Alms House " is still annexed to St. Patrick's, Waterford.

    Internet Archive historyclonmel00burkgoog, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonmel, this town saw the old Alms House at St Mary's destroyed during the Cromwellian occupation, between 1650 and 1660. A replacement was later built on the street in front of the present church, and its ruinous state was still remembered by people living at the time of writing. It had been occupied principally, if not exclusively, by aged women.