The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Sir Thomas Southwell sentenced to death at Galway, pardoned by James II

   Galway · city · Galway

   Sir Thomas Southwell of Castle Mattress, County Limerick, was sentenced to death at Galway. When King James resolved to pardon him, Sir Richard Nagle objected that the act of attainder barred the royal prerogative of mercy, but the king persisted and Southwell later became Baron Southwell.

   Read the passage

   Sir Eichard's character does not impress the reader with any idea of his clemency. Sir Thomas Southwell, of Castle Mattress, in the county Limerick, was sentenced to death at Galway. King James having resolved to grant him a pardon, was told by Sir Eichard that it was out of his power, that the act of attainder was a bar to the royal prerogative of mercy. The king persisted, notwithstanding, in granting the pardon. This Sir Thomas lived to become Baron Southwell, f

   * TJie crovm of Ireland on his own head. He -was in treaty with Bonrepos, a French agent, on this subject. M. Mazure has brought this fact to light. See his Hist, de la Xevolut., ii., 281-288; iii., 430.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 73

   As the companion tells it

   Up ahead is Galway. In this city, Sir Thomas Southwell of Castle Mattress, County Limerick, was sentenced to death. King James resolved to pardon him, but Sir Richard Nagle told the king it was out of his power, that the act of attainder was a bar to the royal prerogative of mercy. The king persisted and granted the pardon. Sir Thomas lived to become Baron Southwell.

2. Sir William Penn defends Youghal, 1645

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1645

   Sir William Penn, the famous sea-general of the Commonwealth, defended Youghal in 1645 when it was besieged by Lord Castlehaven. Cromwell later directed that lands worth £300 be surveyed and set apart for him for his faithful services.

   Read the passage

   Cromwell was not unmindful, in the distribution of the forfeited property, of his generals and friends. Sir William Penn, the famous sea-general of the commonwealth, who defended Youghal in 1645, when besieged by Lord Castlehaven, is particularly mentioned. In writing to Ireland in December 1654, he makes mention of his good and faithful services to the commonwealth, and directs that lands of the full value of £300 as they were let in 1640, should be surveyed and set apart for him. The lands were to lie in a convenient locality, and near a castle or fortified residence. The property selected was the castle and manor of Macroom, and here, on his release from the Tower, in 1656, he resided.* But Macroom, as we have shown,

   * He resided. It was this circumstance that gave rise to the idea that Wm. Penn, the son, was born at Macroom Castle. He was born in London the llth of October, 1644, that is twelve years before his father, the Admiral, went to reside at Macroom.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 63

3. St. Finn-Barr's hermitage at Gougane Barra

   near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

   St. Finn-Barr, the first Christian bishop of Cork, lived as a hermit in a cave or cell on a small islet in the lake now called Gougane Barra, from which the river Lee takes its rise. From there he came to Cork to establish a large school and cathedral, around which the city grew up.

   Read the passage

   " This most holy and elect of God, and most worthy priest, Barr, was born of the sept called Ibruin Eatha of Connaught. He chose the clerical profession, and became a pupil of Mac-Corb, or Macrobius, who had been the pupil of Gregory the Great. He migrated to Munster, where he lived as a hermit, in a cave or cell,* on a small islet, in the lake now called Gougane Barra — the lake from which the river Lee takes its rise. From Gougane Barra he came to Cork, where he established a large school or monastery, and founded the cathedral of St. Finn Barr's, around which the city sprung up. It was thus that St. Kevin left his rocky bed above the dark waters of Glendalough, to

   * A cave or cell. A modern writer mentions the ruins of a chapel and " eight cells." It is probable that St. Finn-Barr gathered a few scholars round him among these wilds, who formed the nucleus of the larger school of the abbey of St. Finn-Barr, afterwards Gill- Abbey, in Cork.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 174

4. St. Finn-barr's Monastery at Lough Eire, Founding of Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 500–599

   Colgan states that Cork took its rise from a school or monastery established by St. Finn-barr at Lough Eire in the sixth century, to which such numbers flocked that it changed a desert into a large city. A nobleman named Edo is said to have granted him ground on the south bank of the Lee for the monastery.

   Read the passage

   founder of Cork. Colgan (in his Act. Sanct., p. 607,) says it took its rise from a school or monastery, established by St. Finn-barr at Lough Eire,* in the sixth century, to which such numbers nocked, from all parts, that it changed a desert, as it were, into a large city."

   Sir James "Ware says, " I take this lake, called by the name of Loch Eirch, to be that hollow or basin in which a great part of the city of Cork now stands, and which the industry of the inhabitants hath, from time to time, reclaimed and built on." Doctors O'Donovan and Beeves think the lake of Gougane Barra is meant, buk4here was no city established there. Gougane- Barra is celebrated as the retreat of a hermit, and no more. This is implied in the very name, Gougane- Barrajf " Barr's recess," or cave. He was also called Lochan. Macgeoghegan says he got this name at his baptism. Lochan, in Irish, means " a lake." It is more probable he received the name from his lonely residence ; that he was called Finn-barr na Lochan, or " the Fair-haired of the Lake."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 157

   As the companion tells it

   The city of Cork around you traces its rise, Colgan says, to a school or monastery established by St. Finn-barr at Lough Eire in the sixth century. Such numbers flocked from all parts that it changed a desert, as it were, into a large city. A nobleman named Edo granted him ground on the south bank of the Lee for the monastery. Sir James Ware took this lake, Loch Eirch, to be the hollow or basin in which a great part of the city of Cork now stands, which the industry of the inhabitants reclaimed and built on from time to time. Doctors O'Donovan and Reeves thought the lake of Gougane Barra was meant, but no city was established there. Gougane Barra is celebrated as the retreat of a hermit, and no more. The name means Barr's recess, or cave. He was also called Lochan. Macgeoghegan says he got this name at his baptism. Lochan in Irish means a lake. It is more probable he received the name from his lonely residence, that he was called Finn-barr na Lochan, the Fair-haired of the Lake.

5. Kilcrea Abbey Burial of Roger O'Conor

   Kilcrea · townland · Cork

   The remains of Roger O'Conor, brother of the more famous Arthur O'Conor who died in France, lie in Kilcrea Abbey.

   Read the passage

   In this abbey also lies the remains of Eoger 0' Conor, mentioned in page 248 of this volume. I find he was the brother of the more famous Arthur 0' Conor, who died in France.

   From Kilcrea to Ballincollig is about six miles. Here is an old castle belonging to the Barretts, said to have been built in the reign of Edward III. Here are also extensive powder mills. A mile and a half from Ballincollig, on the southern banks of the Lee, stands the castle of Carrigrohan, which the Barretts got from the Mac Carthys. The Barretts were of English descent. Hugh O'i^eill, when marching by one of. their castles, asked to whom it belonged, and was told, " to one Barrett, a good Catholic, whose family have possessed the estate for 400 years." " No matter," said O'Neill, " I hate the English churl as if he came but yesterday."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 252

6. Wentworth summons Earl of Cork to Castle Chamber

   Dublin · city · Dublin · 1634

   The year after the monument dispute, Lord Wentworth summoned the Earl of Cork to appear before the High Court of Castle Chamber in Dublin, described as a sort of Irish Star Chamber. The Attorney-General, Sir William Beeves, laid serious charges against him for gaining and keeping illegal possession of property.

   Read the passage

   Whether Wentworth, who resolved to pull down the monstrosity, was nettled at its being allowed to stand, we know not, but the next year he summoned Lord Cork to appear before him in the High Court of Castle Chamber — in Wentworth's time, a sort of Irish Star Chamber — in Dublin, to answer the Attorney-General, Sir William Beeves, who laid serious charges against him, for gaining and keeping illegal possession of the

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 27

   As the companion tells it

   The year after the monument dispute, Lord Wentworth summoned the Earl of Cork to appear before the High Court of Castle Chamber here in Dublin, described as a sort of Irish Star Chamber. The Attorney-General, Sir William Beeves, laid serious charges against him for gaining and keeping illegal possession of property.

7. 1830 Cork City Parliamentary Election Contest

   Cork · city · Cork · 1830

   Following the death of George IV and the resulting dissolution of Parliament, a fierce parliamentary election contest took place in Cork city. Dan Callaghan, Mr. Boyle (son of Lord Cork), and Dr. Baldwin stood as candidates, with Boyle winning 1152 votes, Callaghan 851, and Baldwin 388 unpurchased votes; the contest cost the Boyles about £5000 and Callaghan £2000.

   Read the passage

   But the citizens must have a third man ; there can be no contest, or bleeding, or fun, or anything of that kind, without a third candidate. Doctor Baldwin was, therefore, invited to represent the liberal party. Dr. Baldwin would not bribe, but he had no objection to bleed, but to his mode of bleeding there was a serious objection. Mr. Meagher says, " Mr. Sheahan touched on a point to which I had not been insensible, and I do here confess that the duelling facility of the Doctor was always a serious drawback on his merits." But he stood, and was proposed by Mr. Thomas Lyons. The contest was a fearful one. Catholic and Protestant, Tory, Whig, and Radical laboured day and night. The war terminated on the llth of August, the Doctor polling 388, Dan Callaghan 851, and Mr. Boyle 1152. The contest cost the Boyles about £5000, and Callaghan £2000. For the honor of the city be it said, that Dr. Baldwin's 388 votes were unpurchased. The affair came off without a duel.

   The following is a list of the members of parliament for the city and county of Cork, since the passing of the Act of Union :

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 155

   As the companion tells it

   Cork city, 1830. Parliament dissolved after the death of George the Fourth, and the citizens needed a contest. They wanted three candidates for the fight. Dan Callaghan stood, and Mr. Boyle, son of Lord Cork. Doctor Baldwin was invited to represent the liberal party. He would not bribe, but he had a habit of bleeding, meaning duelling, and Mr. Meagher said the Doctor's duelling facility was always a serious drawback on his merits. He stood anyway, proposed by Mr. Thomas Lyons. The contest was a fearful one. Catholic and Protestant, Tory, Whig, and Radical laboured day and night. It ended on the 11th of August. Boyle polled 1152, Callaghan 851, and the Doctor 388. The Boyles spent about 5000 pounds, Callaghan 2000. For the honor of the city, Dr. Baldwin's 388 votes were unpurchased. The whole affair came off without a duel.

8. Belvelly Castle on Great Island

   Belvelly · townland · Cork

   Belvelly Castle stands at the foot of the bridge connecting Foaty (Fota) Island to Great Island, evidently built to guard the pass between the two. One square tower, 60 feet high and 30 feet broad at base, remains standing with beautifully turned arches. The castle belonged to the Hodnetts and was besieged by the Barrys and Roches.

   Read the passage

   The Island is now divided into the eastern and western parishes, which form the union of Clonmel, and is in the diocese of Cloyne. Haulbowline, Spike, and Eocky Island belong to the eastern division, which is called Templerobin. The western division includes a part of Foaty Island. At the foot of the bridge, which connects Foaty to the Great Island, stands Belvelly Castle,* evidently built to guard the pass between the two islands. It is in the possession, and on the property, of Bernard K. Shaw, Esquire, of Monkstown. One of the square towers are standing, and in good preservation. It is 60 feet high ; breadth, at base, 30 feet. The arches are beautifully turned ; the marks of the twigs, upon which they were turned, look as fresh in the mortar as if the work had been done a few years ago. The castle belonged to the Hodnetts.f The Barrys and Eoches besieged Lord Philip Hodnett in

   Phoenicians. The name in Irish implies that they were sea robbers. The Irish name of the Giants Causeway is Cloghan-na-Fomharaigh, or the " Stepping Stones of the Fomorians."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 217

9. Bishop Lyon arranges arrest of Florence MacCarthy

   Cork · city · Cork · 1588

   Bishop William Lyon of Cork took an active role in the politics of the day. In 1588, Sir William Herbert reported to Sir Francis Walsingham that Florence MacCarthy's first arrest was arranged by the Bishop of Cork.

   Read the passage

   Lyon took an active part in the politics of the day. We learn from Sir William Herbert's letter to Sir Francis Walsingham, that Florence Mac Carthy's first arrest was arranged by this churchman. He speaks, in 1588, of " Florence Mak Cartye, whom the Bishop of Corke tooke." It would appear as if Sir William had no great opinion of the Irish Protestant bishops

   * High Cross of Cork. — We conclude, from a map in the Pacata Hibernia, that this cross stood in what is now called the Corn-market.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 179

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, you are near the ground where Bishop William Lyon meddled in politics. In 1588, Sir William Herbert wrote to Sir Francis Walsingham that Florence MacCarthy's first arrest was arranged by this churchman. Herbert's words: "Florence Mak Cartye, whom the Bishop of Corke tooke." He seemed to think little of the Irish Protestant bishops.

10. Cromwell breaks camp at New Ross, bridges the Barrow

    New Ross · townland · Wexford · 1649

    Cromwell broke up his camp at Ross and prepared a bridge to cross the Barrow, while Irish forces under Owen Roe O'Neill lay in force between the Barrow and the Nore awaiting battle.

    Read the passage

    While Broghill and Phaire are preparing his way in Cork, Youghal, Bandon, and Kinsale, Cromwell is breaking up his camp at Eoss, and preparing a bridge to cross the Barrow. The Irish, under Owen Eoe O'Neill, are lying in force between the Barrow and the Nore, and " give out they will have a day of it, which we hope the Lord of his mercy will enable us to give them in his own good time." But while lying there, the Cromwellians were "not without some sweet taste of the goodness of God." The parliamentary fleet had taken the Dunkirk of thirty- two guns, and a Turkish ship of ten guns, with poor-John and oil. Another mercy was the escape of a party of about 1200 — who had been left on the sick list in Dublin — from the hands of Inchiquin, on the beach of Arklow. " With-

    102 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 55

11. Deadly food riot in Cork city and suburbs, 1778

    Cork · city · Cork · 1778

    In March 1778, a mob searching for export-bound provisions destroyed merchants' warehouses and ships' rigging across Cork city and its suburbs. Shots fired during the riot killed two men and wounded several others.

    Read the passage

    " March 12th, 1778. A mob assembled in the city and its suburbs, under pretence of searching for provisions, alleged to have been for exportation to the North of Ireland, and destroyed a great deal of property, breaking the doors and windows of several of the merchants' warehouses, and cutting down the masts, and destroying the rigging of ships. During the riot, some shots were fired, which killed two men and wounded several."

    212 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 109

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was the scene of a deadly riot in March 1778. A mob assembled in the city and its suburbs, claiming to search for provisions they said were bound for export to the North of Ireland. They broke the doors and windows of several merchants' warehouses and cut down the masts and destroyed the rigging of ships. During the riot, shots were fired, which killed two men and wounded several.

12. Denis Mahoney, penitent hermit of Gougane Barra

    near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork · 1699

    Denis Mahoney, formerly priest of the parish of Gougane Barra, lived as a hermit for twenty-eight years and built seven chapels there. He was ordered at Rome to undergo the penance of a hermit having been guilty of fornication, and left a garden where he found a wilderness.

    Read the passage

    We may here mention the case of a mysterious man, whom we may style St. Finn-Barr's successor at Gougane Barra. " In this parish," says Dive Downes, bishop of Cork in 1699, " lives Denis Mahoney, formerly priest of this parish, now a hermit, who has built seven chapels there. He was ordered, at Eome, to undergo the penance of a hermit, having been guilty of fornication." 'Tis said that St. Finbarry, from a cell in this place, was removed to the bishopric of Cork." Doctor Smith says that Father Mahoney "lived a hermit in this dreary spot for twenty-eight years."

    But Father Mahoney left a garden where he found a wilderness, the trees of which he planted with his own hand :

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 174

13. Earl of Cork dies in Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1643

    Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, died in Youghal in 1643. Borlase described him as eminently observable for his abilities, noting he was admitted to sit in the House of Lords upon the woolsack despite not being a peer of England.

    Read the passage

    Barry more, his grandson, whose father has left " a distressed widow and four children, with an encumbered and disjointed estate, and with his country wasted." Lord Barrymore died on Michaelmas day. The old earl never lost anything for the asking, and recommended his sons to adopt the same practice. Lord Dungarvan, accompanied by his brother, Broghill, had gone to England to solicit, on the sly, the office of Lord President, then held by Lord Inchiquin. The earl, writing to Dungarvan, tells him to leave no friend unsolicited, or fair means unattempted, to effect his object, " for," he adds, " if you return without it, you will meet with thorns entering your sides, and be subject to such affronts as your spirit will not digest." That is from Inchiquin. He concludes, "It is more than high time to look about you, and prevent the malignant humours which are stirred up to your prejudice." It was the earl's policy, as is clear from his applications to both the royalist and parliamentary parties, to run with the hare and hold with the hounds. But the old man was not in at the death, or restoration. His tactics on these two occasions would have made a curious chapter in Irish history. He died in Youghal in 1643. Borlase says, " he was a person, for his abilities and knowledge in affairs of the world, eminently observable, inasmuch as though he was no peer of England, yet he was admitted to sit in the House of Lords upon the woolsack, ut consiliarius." This is all true, but we doubt if any wise or good man would envy him his prosperity. We need scarcely repeat Cromwell's compliment, that "if there had been an Earl of Cork in every county, the Irish could

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 39

14. Electoral uproar and corruption at Cork Guild Hall

    Cork · city · Cork · 1609–1610

    Under the charters of James I and Charles I, mayor and sheriff elections were held at the Guild Hall in Cork city. These were marked by such clamor, jobbery, and corruption that bye-laws were passed in 1609 and 1610 to reform the process, including a hereditary rotation system for the office of mayor.

    Read the passage

    This quiet and hereditary mode of choosing the chief magistrates was substituted for the clamor which prevailed in the Guild Hall; but many thought the cure was worse than the disease, so another mode of election was adopted. There is a picturesque castle on the banks of the Lee — we call it Blackrock Castle. Twelve council -men, with the sheriff, visited this castle once a year, where they dined, and nominated three* of the burgesses as candidates. The freemen of D'Oyer Hundred then met, and chose one of the three as mayor for the ensuing year. As two of the three were stalking horses, and unfit to be elected,

    * Nominated three. By a former bye-law only two were nominated.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 91

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork. In 1609 and 1610, the mayor and sheriff elections at the Guild Hall here had become so loud and corrupt that bye-laws were passed to reform them. A hereditary rotation for choosing the chief magistrates was substituted for the clamor in the Guild Hall. Many thought the cure was worse than the disease, so another mode was adopted. Twelve councilmen, with the sheriff, visited Blackrock Castle on the banks of the Lee once a year. They dined there and nominated three burgesses as candidates. The freemen of D'Oyer Hundred then met and chose one of the three as mayor. Two of the three were stalking horses, unfit to be elected.

15. Mitchelstown Castle built amid massive debt

    Mitchelstown · townland · Cork

    The third Earl of Kingston incurred £400,000 in debt, partly through building a beautiful castle described as one of the finest in Ireland. The present earl added further debt, bringing it to about half a million, before the Incumbered Estates' Court sale of the Tipperary portion reduced it.

    Read the passage

    a-year, subject to a debt of ,£250,000, which was increased by George, third Earl, late Lord Kingston, to £400,000, incurred on elections, and the building of a beautiful castle, one of the finest in Ireland. The pre. sent nobleman added £100,000 to the debt, bringing it up to about half-a-million. The Tipperary portion of the property, worth £16,000 a-year, was sold in the Incumbered Estates' Court, and the proceeds applied to the lessening of the debt, which is now reduced to £120,000. The present earl, who is unmarried, has only a life interest in the property, which is strictly settled, and goes to his brother, the Hon. James King, heir-at-law.

    Smith, writing in 1749, says, " Mitchelstown is the principal place in this barony." He speaks of " the fine house and park,* and improvements, and the gardens kept in fine order." The gardens of Mitchelstown Castle were, till within the last few years, the finest in the county. A number of very excellent alms' houses, called "the college" and a minister's house, have been erected on this property, to which an endowment of £1,200 a-year is attached. Smith describes the church, in his time— which was a chapel-of-ease — as in decent repair; and the walls of the old church, as built of large blocks of a very fine -freestone. " Here were the remains of one of the round towers, which stood 30 yards from the south west angle of the church, and fell in the memory of several people."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 242

16. Notorious thief Jack-a-boy whipped through Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    A clever thief known as Jack-a-boy caused the authorities great trouble in Cork, being as agile at escaping prison as at entering it. He was whipped more than once from the North Gate to the South Gate of the city, but this failed to cure his criminal propensities.

    Read the passage

    That very clever thief, Jack-a-boy, gave the authorities great trouble, for he was as agile as a monkey, and had displayed the same ability in getting out of, that he did in getting into prison, He was more than once whipped from the North to the South gate, without curing him of his propensities. A daring robber, named Bill Thunder, was shot down — after various hair-breadth escapes — by a party of gentlemen, near Mallow. These robbers and burglers enjoyed a large portion of the public sympathy. Take the following example : —

    " April 18, 1767. — Jeremiah Twomey was executed at Gallows Green for robbing the dwelling-house of Joanna Norton, at Crosses Green. Her husband was so ill-treated the night of the robbery, that he died in some time after. Twomey was convicted of the robbery alone. The general opinion was that he died innocent> in consequence of which the mob brought him from the gallows, in his coffin, to the prosecutor's door, where they bled him, took the rope off his neck, threw

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 104

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Cork, where a thief known as Jack-a-boy gave the authorities great trouble. He was as agile as a monkey, and showed the same skill getting out of prison that he did getting into it. More than once he was whipped from the North Gate to the South Gate of the city, but this failed to cure him of his propensities. Another daring robber, named Bill Thunder, was shot down near Mallow after various hair-breadth escapes, by a party of gentlemen. These robbers and burglars enjoyed a large portion of public sympathy. On April 18, 1767, Jeremiah Twomey was executed at Gallows Green for robbing the dwelling-house of Joanna Norton at Crosses Green. Her husband was so ill-treated the night of the robbery that he died some time after. Twomey was convicted of the robbery alone. The general opinion was that he died innocent, and the mob brought him from the gallows in his coffin to the prosecutor's door, where they bled him and took the rope from his neck.

17. Quaker meetings attended by Cork officers

    Cork · city · Cork · 1655–1660

    After the Cromwellian conquest, Quaker meetings in Cork were attended by Colonel Phaire, Major Wallace, and most of the chief officers of Cork. Major Hodder, governor of Kinsale, kept a Quaker to preach to the soldiers, though this did not outlive the Restoration.

    Read the passage

    A number of Cromwell's soldiers became Quakers ; nor were these forgotten in the general distribution. Their preaching ability would rather bring them into favor with their officers. Mr. Henry Cromwell, the protector's son, who became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, informs Thurloe that their meetings were attended by Colonel Phaire and Major Wallace, and most of the chief officers of Cork. Major Hodder, the governor of Kinsale, kept a Quaker to preach to the soldiers. But this state of things did not out-live the restoration. The following biographical sketch of Eichard Pike, a Cork Quaker, will be read with interest : —

    " Some years after the rebellion of Ireland, the English government sent an army for the reduction of the country; and in or before the year 1648, my father, then a young man, became acquainted with an officer, a captain of horse, who was ordered over. He offered him a small command, that of a corporal in the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 63

18. Youghal declared for Parliament, 1649

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1649

    Colonel Townsend, having passed the fort at the mouth of Cork Harbour aboard the Nonsuch frigate, informed Cromwell's forces that Youghal had declared for the English Parliament. Lord Broghill and others proceeded to the town and were received with demonstrations of gladness by the inhabitants.

    Read the passage

    Colonel Townsend, who has managed to pass the fort in the Nonsuch frigate, informs them that Youghal has declared for the parliament; so to Youghal they go. The mayor, and some of the more influential citizens, come aboard. The mayor is disposed to make •conditions before rendering up the place. Lord Brog-

    * Colonel Townsend. — Mr. Caulfield speaks of a Colonel Richard Townsend, •who attempted, in 1648, (recte" 1649) with Colonel Doyley, without their general, Lord Inchiquin's consent, to betray the towns of Munster to the English parliament, for arrears of pay. — Journal of the Reverend Sou-land Daviet, p. 95.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 53

19. 1622 tract on burning of Cork by lightning

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1622

    A rare tract published in London in 1622 described a lamentable burning of the city of Cork by thunder and lightning. The description noted Shandon Castle at the first entrance of the city, a stone church nearly opposite it, houses of marble-like stone covered with slate, and many houses of timber or mud walls covered with thatch.

    Read the passage

    In a rare tract, published in London in 1622, containing " A Eelation of the most Lamentable Burning of the City of Cork by Thunder and Lightning," we have the following description of the city : " The citie hath its beginning upon the side of a hill, which descendeth easily into one wide and long street ; the only principall and chiefe streete of the cittie. At the first entrance there is a castle, called Shandon Castle, and almost over against it, a church built of stone, as the castle is a kinde of marble, of which the country yieldeth store. The city hath many houses built of the same kind of stone, and covered with slate. But the greatest number of houses are built of tymber or mudde walls, and covered with thatch."

    The city is thus described by Philip Luckombe, in 1783 : — " Cork is a large city, and extensive beyond

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 158

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Shandon now, just at the edge of old Cork. In 1622 a tract was published in London with the title "A Relation of the most Lamentable Burning of the City of Cork by Thunder and Lightning." It gave this description of the city. The city had its beginning on the side of a hill, which descended easily into one wide and long street, the only principal and chief street. At the first entrance there was a castle called Shandon Castle, and almost over against it a church built of stone. The castle was a kind of marble, of which the country yielded store. The city had many houses built of the same kind of stone and covered with slate. But the greatest number of houses were built of timber or mud walls and covered with thatch. The tract called the burning lamentable, and it was thunder and lightning that did it.

20. Admiral Penn resides at Macroom Castle

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1656

    The castle and manor of Macroom were selected as the property for Admiral Sir William Penn, who resided there on his release from the Tower in 1656. The property had belonged to Lord Muskerry, who had suffered in the royal cause, and was eventually restored to him.

    Read the passage

    Cromwell was not unmindful, in the distribution of the forfeited property, of his generals and friends. Sir William Penn, the famous sea-general of the commonwealth, who defended Youghal in 1645, when besieged by Lord Castlehaven, is particularly mentioned. In writing to Ireland in December 1654, he makes mention of his good and faithful services to the commonwealth, and directs that lands of the full value of £300 as they were let in 1640, should be surveyed and set apart for him. The lands were to lie in a convenient locality, and near a castle or fortified residence. The property selected was the castle and manor of Macroom, and here, on his release from the Tower, in 1656, he resided.* But Macroom, as we have shown,

    * He resided. It was this circumstance that gave rise to the idea that Wm. Penn, the son, was born at Macroom Castle. He was born in London the llth of October, 1644, that is twelve years before his father, the Admiral, went to reside at Macroom.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 63

21. Alexander the Coppersmith pamphlet on Cork trade and religion (1737)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1737

    In 1737 a pamphleteer calling himself Alexander the Coppersmith published Remarks on the Religion, Trade, Government, Police, Customs, Manners and Maladies of the City of Cork. He told Protestants that through wealth, pride, envy and insolence they had lost the city's trade, which Catholics had gained by vigilance, and warned that French gallies were now consigned to Popish factors.

    Read the passage

    How Catholic merchants and tradesmen could raise their heads and flourish as they did, in the face of such disadvantages, is surprising. A pamphleteer, who signs himself Alexander the Coppersmith, wrote " Eemarks on the Eeligion, Trade, Government, Police, Customs, Manners and Maladies of the City of Cork," in 1737, in which he gives his friends as many home thrusts as his enemies, for Alexander was a perfect Diogenes. He tells the Protestants, that through wealth, pride, envy and insolence, they have lost the trade of the city, which the Catholics have gained by vigilance. A most important branch of trade was the export of beef to our plantations. He says, that now " French gallies come hither, always consigned to a Popish factor,* whose relations and correspondence abroad, and union at home, whose diligence being more, and luxury less, than Protestants, will, at last, swallow up the trade, and suck the marrow of this city, and, like the ivy, will grow to be an oak, and prove absolute in their power over the commerce of those on whom they should be dependent for bread ; as a certain baronet observed, about four years ago, how secure do men of that religion live in despite of

    * Popish factor. By the charter of Charles I. it is enacted, that " no foreign merchant shall, within the city, buy from a foreigner, corn, hides or wool, or any other merchandize, but from the said citizens." We conclude that these words, strictly interpreted, would exclude all who were not freemen, i.e. Protestants, from trading with foreigners. The freemen only were to be the factors.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 97

22. Anti-Catholic measures in Dublin feared kingdom-wide

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    Mountjoy told the lords of council there was fear that measures adopted against Catholics in Dublin would be practised across the kingdom. He counselled moderation in dealing with those who professed loyalty but opposed the Protestant religion.

    Read the passage

    from a statesman of his time, when the principles of religious liberty were understood, and practised by no party : — " And, whereas, it hath pleased your lordships, in your last letters, to command us to deal moderately in the great matter of religion, I had, before the receipt of your lordships' letters, presumed to advice such as dealt in it, for a time, to hold a more restrained hand therein." He tells their lordships there was a fear that the measures adopted against Catholics, in Dublin, would be practised over the kingdom. He thinks that too great preciseness cannot be used in reforming ourselves, the abuses of our own clergy, our church livings, and discipline ; that the gospel cannot be set forth with too much zeal and industry, " and by all ordinary means most proper unto itself; that is, set forth and spread in meekness." He does not think that any corporeal persecution, or punishment, can be too severe for such as shall be found seditious instruments of "foreign or inward practices," or that the principal magistrates should be chosen, without taking the oath of obedience, or tolerated in absenting themselves from public divine service ; but, he adds, " we may be advised how we do punish in their bodies, or goods, any such, only for religion, as do profess to be faithful subjects to her majesty, and against whom the contrary cannot be proved"

    The reader may wish to know more of a man who held opinions so much in advance of his age. Charles Blount, or Lord Mountjoy, was at this time about thirty-five years of age, although he had beaten Hugh O'Neill, and O'Donnell before Kinsale, and supplanted the Earl of Essex, in the court of Elizabeth — a feat of

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dublin, this city sits at the centre of a story about fear and restraint in matters of religion. Lord Mountjoy wrote to the lords of the council about measures that had been taken against Catholics in Dublin. He told them there was a fear these same measures would be practised over the whole kingdom. He had already advised those handling the matter to hold a more restrained hand, even before the council's letters arrived commanding moderation. Mountjoy believed that too great care could not be used in reforming their own church, its clergy, its livings, and its discipline. He held that the gospel should be set forth with zeal and industry, and spread in meekness. For those found to be seditious instruments of foreign or inward practices, he did not think any corporeal punishment could be too severe. He believed principal magistrates should not be chosen without taking the oath of obedience, and should not be tolerated in absenting themselves from public divine service. But he added, in his own words, that they should be advised how they punish in body or goods anyone only for religion, who professed to be a faithful subject to her majesty, and against whom the contrary could not be proved. Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, was about thirty-five years of age at this time. He had beaten Hugh O'Neill and O'Donnell before Kinsale, and supplanted the Earl of Essex in the court of Elizabeth.

23. Arrest of Sir Edward Bellew of Bellewstown

    Bellewstown · townland · Meath · 1796

    Wolfe Tone received news from Ireland that Sir Edward Bellew of Bellewstown had been arrested. Tone vowed revenge, writing that his heart was hardening and that he would not forget the arrest even if it took twenty years.

    Read the passage

    He hears bad news from Ireland, that Sir Edward Bellew, of Bellewstown, has been arrested, and writes, " Well, a day will come for all this. If we cannot prevent his fall, at least, I hope, we shall be able to revenge it; and I, for one, if it be in twenty years from this, promise not to forget it. My heart is hardening hourly, and I satisfy myself now, at once, on points

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 122

24. Battle of Rathmines — Ormond defeated by Jones

    near Rathmines · population centre · Dublin · 1649

    From Finglass the royalist army advanced to Rathmines, where the parliamentary army under General Jones, reinforced and expecting an attack, surprised Ormond's forces. Some accounts claimed 4,000 royalists slain and 2,500 taken prisoner, though the author considered this exaggerated.

    Read the passage

    From Finglass they advanced to Kathmines. The parliamentary army in Dublin, under the command of General Jones, had received considerable reinforcements. Ormond, who was aware of this when too late for retreat, and who had watched a considerable portion of the night, expecting an attack, had retired to rest, when he was aroused by the shouts of the assailants. Some accounts say that he had 4,000 slain and 2,500 taken prisoner, but this is much over the mark. He

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 48

25. Beamish and Crawford Brewery, South Main Street

    Cork · city · Cork · 1792

    The Cork Porter Brewery on South Main Street was established in 1792 by the ancestors of the Beamish and Crawford families. It covered five acres on the south branch of the River Lee and produced about 120,000 barrels of stout annually, sold principally in Munster and exported to several English ports.

    Read the passage

    In the South Main Street we have the main entrance to the Cork Porter Brewery, This extensive property of the two families of Beamish and Crawford, was established by the ancestors of the present proprietors, in the year 1792. It stands upon the south branch of the Eiver Lee, and covers an area of five acres, irrespective of five large malt-houses, situated in different parts of the city. The manufacture consists of single, double, and extra stout, of which about 120,000 barrels are made annually, and sold principally in the province of Munster. It is also exported to London, Liverpool, Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, and the west coast of

    * For a grave. This graveyard, which runs from the back of St. Peter's church to Duncan Street, should he closed as a public nuisance.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    As Cork comes up, South Main Street holds the entrance to the Cork Porter Brewery. It was established in 1792 by the ancestors of the Beamish and Crawford families, who still owned it. It stands on the south branch of the River Lee and covers five acres, with five large malt-houses in other parts of the city. The brewery makes single, double, and extra stout, about 120,000 barrels a year, sold principally in Munster. It is also exported to London, Liverpool, Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, and the west coast of England.

26. Beamish and Crawford's Brewery established 1792

    Cork · city · Cork · 1792

    The brewery opened in 1792 and employed about 350 tradesmen and labourers, paid weekly on Fridays to discourage intemperance. It was powered by two steam engines of twenty horsepower each and drew water from an Artesian well. Large sums were spent annually purchasing barley in the province and hops and malt from England.

    Read the passage

    England. It employs about 350 tradesmen and laborers, who — since the opening of the brewer j in 1792 — have been invariably paid upon the Friday, thus removing the temptations to irregularities and intemperance. About £50,000 is expended annually in this province, in the purchase of barley, and nearly an equal sum in hops and malt, obtained from England. The pumps, elevators, and machinery are worked by two steam engines of twenty horse power each, which convey the malt to the mills, feed the coppers, mash the materials, raise the water, and transport the coal — the latter by means of an ingenious contrivance on the principle of a railway. Large tanks, capable of containing one thousand barrels of water, command the whole building, and afford complete security against fire, while an Artesian well ensures a constant and ample supply of an ingredient upon which the good quality of the liquor is mainly dependant. Exclusive of the tradesmen already mentioned, about twenty-five men, horses, and drays are constantly employed in the conveyance of porter to the different parts of the city and neighbourhood, while steamers and other craft furnish water carriage for the more remote districts.

    Duncan Street or Grattan Street, which runs parallel with the North Main Street, was at one time an important thoroughfare. It is now principally occupied by cabinet-makers. The Quakers have a nice meeting house in this street. The tide of population and the hum of business do not extend west of Duncan Street. Here was once the fashionable end of the town. Here we still have the old Mayoralty House, which is used as an hospital. Here — on Grenville, Place — Doctor

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 161

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, you are near Beamish and Crawford's Brewery, which opened in 1792. It employs about 350 tradesmen and labourers, who have been paid every Friday since the brewery opened, so that they are not tempted to irregularities and intemperance. About £50,000 is spent each year buying barley in this province, and nearly an equal sum on hops and malt from England. Two steam engines of 20 horsepower each work the pumps, elevators, and machinery. They convey the malt to the mills, feed the coppers, mash the materials, raise the water, and transport the coal, the last by means of an ingenious contrivance on the principle of a railway. Large tanks command the whole building and give security against fire, while an Artesian well ensures a constant supply of water, an ingredient on which the good quality of the liquor mainly depends. Beyond the tradesmen already mentioned, about 25 men, horses, and drays are constantly employed carrying porter to different parts of the city and neighbourhood. Steamers and other craft provide water carriage for the more remote districts.

27. Bishop Brinkley of Cloyne visits Cork Butter Market

    Cork · city · Cork

    Bishop Brinkley of Cloyne wandered into the Cork Butter Market one morning and asked a porter about the classes of butter. On learning the worst quality was called 'a bishop,' he questioned why, only to be told 'a bishop is the very worst quality,' and walked off.

    Read the passage

    Bishop Brinkley, of Cloyne, wandered one morning into the Cork Butter Market, and inquired of one of the porters, to whom he was unknown, respecting the various classes of butter. " What do you call the best?" inquired Brinkley. " The first quality, your honor." " And the worst ?" " The worst, your honor, is a bishop." " A bishop," said Brinkley, in surprise. " Now, may I ask you, my good fellow, why you call the worst a bishop ?" " Bekase, your honor, a bishop is the very worst quality." " I see," said Brinkley, walking off.

    The following is an account of all the butter which has passed through the Weigh- House, from 1770 to

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 192

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Cork. The city once held a busy butter market, and one morning Bishop Brinkley of Cloyne wandered into it. He asked a porter about the different classes of butter, since the porter didn't know who he was. He asked what they called the best, and the porter said the first quality. He asked the worst, and the porter said,

28. Boyle contracted to second wife at her father's house in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1602

    On the 9th of March, 1602, Richard Boyle was contracted to his second wife, Catherine Fenton, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Principal Secretary of State in Ireland. The contraction took place at her father's house in Dublin, in the Lord President's presence.

    Read the passage

    He was married to his second wife in 1603. "I returned to Ireland with my Lord President's license, to repair to court. Where in his way to Dublin — where he proposed to embark — he dealt very nobly and fatherly like by me, in persuading me it was high time for me to take a wife, in hopes of posterity to inherit my lands, advising me to make choice of Sir Geoffrey Fenton's daughter, and that if I could affect her, he would treat with her parents to have the match between us, wherein he prevailed so far as the 9th of March, 1602, I was, in his lordship's presence, contracted to her, in her father's house, at Dublin.

    " The 25th of July, 1603, 1 was married to my second wife, Mrs. Catherine Fenton, the only daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, principal Secretary of State, and Privy Councillor in Ireland, with whom I never demanded any marriage portion, neither promise of any, it not being in my consideration ; yet her father, after my marriage, gave me a £1,000 in gold, with her; but that gift of his daughter unto me, I must ever thankfully acknowledge, as the crown of all my blessings, for she was a most religious, virtuous, loving, and obedient wife unto me, all the days of her life, and the happy mother of all my hopeful children, whom with their posterity, I beseech God to bless." He was knighted, on the occasion of his second marriage, by Sir

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Dublin, this is where Richard Boyle was contracted to his second wife in March 1602. He had returned to Ireland with the Lord President's license, to repair to court. The Lord President was on his way to Dublin, where he proposed to embark, and he dealt, in Boyle's own words, "very nobly and fatherly like" with him, persuading him it was high time to take a wife, in hopes of posterity to inherit his lands. He advised Boyle to make choice of Sir Geoffrey Fenton's daughter, and said that if Boyle could affect her, he would treat with her parents to have the match between them. He prevailed so far that on the 9th of March, 1602, Boyle was, in his lordship's presence, contracted to her, in her father's house, at Dublin. On the 25th of July, 1603, he was married to Mrs. Catherine Fenton, the only daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Principal Secretary of State and Privy Councillor in Ireland. He never demanded any marriage portion, nor promise of any. Yet her father, after the marriage, gave him £1,000 in gold with her. Boyle called her "the crown of all my blessings," for she was a most religious, virtuous, loving, and obedient wife, all the days of her life, and the happy mother of all his hopeful children. He was knighted on the occasion of his second marriage.

29. Breeches market nuisance near Cork Exchange, 1772

    Cork · city · Cork · 1772

    Inhabitants living near the Exchange in Cork complained to the sheriffs in October 1772 about a Breeches Market held there every Wednesday and Saturday, which greatly annoyed passengers. Overgrown fellows were frequently fitted with small-clothes in view of females who passed by.

    Read the passage

    A curious mode of abating public nuisances was adopted by the mayor in 1786 — that of " an anonymous Utter -box" This was placed near the Exchange. This reminds us of the Lion's Mouth, at St. Mark's, in Venice, through which every cowardly assassin whispered his spite into the ear of the doge and the council of three. But we can make allowance. We conclude that the following note, addressed to the sheriffs in the October of 1772, was a fair specimen of the letters that might be dropped into the anonymous letter box : " Several of the inhabitants, who live near the Exchange, present their respectful compliments to the new sheriffs, to remove a most flagrant nuisance from before their doors, that of a Breeches Market, held there every Wednesday and Saturday, to the great annoyance of passengers, and highly indiscreet, as overgrown fellows are frequently fitted with smallclothes in view of the females who pass by."

    208 HISTORY OP CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there's a story from October 1772. Inhabitants living near the Exchange sent a note to the new sheriffs, asking them to remove what they called "a most flagrant nuisance from before their doors." It was a Breeches Market, held there every Wednesday and Saturday, to the great annoyance of passengers. The complaint was that overgrown fellows were frequently fitted with smallclothes in view of the females who passed by. The book that records this notes that in 1786 the mayor placed an anonymous letter box near the Exchange, and says this 1772 note was likely a fair specimen of the letters that might be dropped into it. The author compares it to the Lion's Mouth at Saint Mark's in Venice, through which every cowardly assassin whispered his spite into the ear of the doge and the council of three.

30. Bribery of leading men in Cork for its surrender

    Cork · city · Cork · 1649

    The author attributes the surrender of Cork to fifteen hundred pounds sent to bribe the leading men, rather than to divine intervention as Cromwell claimed. Bandon's fall was similarly portrayed as Broghill seeking eclat.

    Read the passage

    Cromwell glorifies himself and Broghill on the occasion, in the following style : — " Sir, what can be said of these things ? Is it an arm of flesh that hath done these things ? Is it the wisdom of council or strength of men ? It is the Lord only. God will curse that man and^his house that dares to think otherwise" As many did think otherwise, and still continue to think otherwise, this "curse of Cromwell" must rest on many a head and house. It may be profanity, but we are more disposed to attribute the surrender of Cork to the fifteen hundred pounds sent there to bribe the leading men, than to any special divine influence. But what member of the parliament, for whom the letter was penned, dare say as much, or call this affair at Bandon a bagatelle ? After brow-beating and thundering at the recusants, like Jupiter Tonans, he began to coax and wheedle in the following style : —

    " I humbly beg leave to offer a word or two. I beg of those that are faithful, that they give glory to God. I wish it may have influence upon the hearts and spirits of all those that are now in place of government, in the greatest trust, that they may in all heart draw near to God, giving him glory by holiness of life and conversation ; and that those unspeakable mercies may teach dissenting brethren" — dissentient members — "on all sides to agree, at least, in praising God. And if the Father of the family be so kind, why should there

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 56

31. Broghill's unanswered challenge near Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1642

    Lord Broghill positioned himself on the great Coney Warren near Lismore and sent a trumpeter to challenge Lord Castlehaven. Castlehaven marched towards him, but Broghill drew off and marched away rather than engage.

    Read the passage

    Lord Broghill, who tells the story about Captain Fennell, gave a challenge himself, which he did not wait to redeem. Lord Castlehaven, a general in the Irish Confederate army, had taken Cappoquin and Dromana,* when a trumpeter approached to say that my Lord Broghill was on the great Coney Warren, near Lismore, where he should be glad to meet him. Castlehaven immediately marched towards my lord, " but upon coming near, my lord drew off and marched away." — The Earl of Castlehaven' 's Memoirs, p. 80.

    The protection and government of Bandon wag committed to Lord Kinalmeaky, another of the Earl of Cork's sons. Cork, Youghal, Kinsale, and Bandon, were the only towns in the county in the hands of the parliament party. As Bandon was a walled town, many fled to it for protection; a number of the English settlers from Clonakilty sought the shelter of its walls. The lord of Muskerry, whom Doctor Smith styles Lord Clancarthy, Mac Carthy, Carthy Eeagh,-)- O'Donovan, and O'Sullivan, were assembling in Carbery, with wild and lawless bands at their heels. The lord of Muskerry, who was esteemed the head of the Irish party in Munster, not only hung several of the common people for thieving, but sent some of the Kinalmeaky thieves to Bandon, " where they met their desert" from the young Lord Kinalmeaky.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 36

32. Brunswick Club political meeting in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1829

    A meeting was held at the Brunswick Club in Cork where Mr. Gregg praised the new sheriffs and denounced the Catholic Association and O'Connell, declaring that Protestantism with such men could defy the confederated world.

    Read the passage

    A meeting was held in the Brunswick Club soon after this. When the new sheriffs entered the room, Mr. Gregg expressed himself thus:- — " Whilst Protestantism could boast of such men as James Cummins and his respectable young colleague, Mr. Perry, England may defy the confederated world in arms. The rebel sword may flash, and the Papist's may glisten, but whilst the sword of the church and the state — whilst the corporate falchion was wielded by such gentlemen as he now saw before him, in vain would O'Connell threaten, in vain would that congregated band of traitors and incendiaries, the Catholic Association, talk of their seven or seventy-seven millions."

    This Mr. Gregg was a most extraordinary man. Having to propose a vote of thanks to Lord Kenyon and the Duke of Newcastle, he turned to Mr. Dunscombe, the mayor, and expressed his profound sorrow that he would not be in office when his resolution would pass, " as it would certainly immortalise him." When the resolution did pass, Mr. Gregg started up and swore — his usual oath was " so help me God " — that the " thanks of universal Ireland were due to the Rev. Mr. Edgar, by whom it had been seconded, but Ireland has left him thirty years a miserable curate, to preach on tracts and starve. Great uproar in the corporation."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 153

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, 1829. A meeting was held at the Brunswick Club in the city. When the new sheriffs entered the room, a Mr. Gregg rose to speak. He praised the sheriffs, James Cummins and his colleague Mr. Perry, and said that with such men, England could defy the confederated world in arms. He declared that the rebel sword might flash and the Papist's might glisten, but whilst the sword of church and state was wielded by such gentlemen, in vain would O'Connell threaten. In vain would the Catholic Association, as he called them, a congregated band of traitors and incendiaries, talk of their seven or seventy-seven millions. This Mr. Gregg was described as a most extraordinary man. Having to propose a vote of thanks to Lord Kenyon and the Duke of Newcastle, he turned to Mr. Dunscombe, the mayor, and said he was profoundly sorry that Dunscombe would not be in office when the resolution passed, as it would certainly immortalise him. When the resolution did pass, Gregg started up and swore, his usual oath being "so help me God," that the thanks of universal Ireland were due to the Reverend Mr. Edgar, who had seconded it. But, he said, Ireland had left Edgar thirty years a miserable curate, to preach on tracts and starve. Great uproar followed in the corporation.

33. Castle-Freke, formerly Rath-Barry, seat of Lord Carbery

    near Castlefreke · street · Cork

    Castle-Freke, south-west of Clonakilty, was formerly called Rath-Barry after an ancient fortalice of the Barrys that stood on the site. It became the noble residence and park of Lord Carbery, descended from George Evans, created Baron Carbery in 1715.

    Read the passage

    To the south-west of Clonakilty is Castle-Freke, the noble residence and beautiful park of Lord Carbery. It was formerly called Eath-Barry, from an ancient fortalice, of the Barrys, which stood here. It was in the possession of Sir John Freke, baronet, when Smith wrote his history. The present Lord Carbery is descended from George Evans,* who was created Baron Carbery, of Carbery, in 1715. His second son, John,

    » George Evans. " The family of Evans claim descent from Elystan Glodrydd, Prince Fferlys, founder of the IV. Royal Tribes. In the sixteenth century two of the family settled in Ireland. John Evans, ancestor of the Lords Carbery ; and R.bert Evans, from whom derives the family of Evans of Baymount, County Dublin, and Robiustown, County Westmeath."— Burke' s Peerage.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 262

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Castlefreke you have Castle-Freke, the noble residence and park of Lord Carbery. It was formerly called Rath-Barry, from an ancient fortalice of the Barrys that stood on this site. When Smith wrote his history it was in the possession of Sir John Freke, baronet. The present Lord Carbery is descended from George Evans, who was created Baron Carbery in 1715. The family of Evans claim descent from Elystan Glodrydd, Prince Fferlys, founder of the fourth Royal Tribes. In the sixteenth century two of the family settled in Ireland. John Evans was the ancestor of the Lords Carbery. Robert Evans was the ancestor of the family of Evans of Baymount in County Dublin, and Robinstown in County Westmeath.

34. Charleville renamed from Rathgogan by Lord Broghill

    Charleville · town · Cork · 1662

    Charleville's ancient name was Rathgogan. Lord Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery, renamed it in honor of Charles II and had it made a borough town, admitting only Protestants and setting up linen and woollen manufactures.

    Read the passage

    The distance from Buttevant to Charleville, by rail, is nine miles. The ancient name of Charleville was Eathgogan. It was changed in honor of Charles II., by Lord Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery, who had it made a borough town. Writing to the Duke of Ormond, llth of December, 1662, he says, " I hope, by your grace's favor, to get it made a borough, and have it bear the name of Charleville, it being now called by the heathenish name of Eathgogan." He

    * Dead and gone. Sir James Caleb Anderson, of Buttevant Castle, baronet, died in London, the 4th of April, 1 86 1 , aged 69. As he leaves no male descendant, the title, which was conferred on the son for the eminent public services of the father, John Anderson, died with him. It is a pity that a title, thus conferred, should be allowed to die out, for Sir James Anderson has left nephews, the grandsons of John Anderson, of Fermoy.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 246

35. Clayton's castle near Mallow taken, garrison slain

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

    Mr. Clayton's castle, near Mallow, was taken by the royal confederate forces after some hard fighting, and its garrison of twenty-four men was put to the sword.

    Read the passage

    Mr. Clayton's castle, near Mallow, was taken — after some hard fighting — and its garrison, of twenty-four men, put to the sword. Mr. Bettesworth's house was also seized, and the royal confederate troops quartered there. In one of the four manuscript volumes of " Depositions, concerning the Murders and Robberies Committed in the County of Cork" now deposited in Trinity College Library, we find Mr. Bettesworth stating his losses at £2,279. William Kingsmill, of Ballybeg, deposes that he lost property to the amount of £7,242 12s. Id'. James Baldwin, of Ballyhay, in the barony of Fermoy, who makes his mark, I. B., lost to the value of £58 8s. " John Brice, of Cahirduggan, in the county of Cork, taylour, deposeth and saith, that on or about the llth

    * The other cattle — the ruins of which stand on the banks of the Blackwater, within Sir Denham Norrejs' demesne. This noble pile was raised by one of the Earls of Desmond.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 33

36. David Mac Kelly built Dominican church at Rock of Cashel

    near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary · 1237–1252

    David Mac Kelly, who had been Dean of Cashel and Bishop of Cloyne, took the Dominican habit at St. Mary's of the Isle in Cork in 1237. After his translation to the metropolitan see of Cashel, he established a Dominican fraternity there and built them a beautiful church and abbey near his cathedral on the Rock of Cashel. He died in 1252.

    Read the passage

    David Mac Kelly, who was Dean of Cashel and Bishop of Cloyne, took the habit of a Dominican in this house in 1237. He was translated the next year to the metropolitan see of Cashel, where he established a fraternity of the same order, and built for them "a beautiful church and abbey," not far from his own cathedral, on the Rock of Cashel. This David assisted at the general Council of Lyon. He died in 1252. Philip de Slane, who was Bishop of Cork in 1321, was a member of this fraternity.

    We do not know to what extent this convent was endowed by Philip de Barry. We find the prior, Friar Philip, suing Matthew de Cantillon, in 1306,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about the Rock of Cashel in Tipperary, David Mac Kelly built a Dominican church and abbey. He had been Dean of Cashel and Bishop of Cloyne before he took the Dominican habit at St. Mary's of the Isle in Cork in 1237. The next year he was translated to the metropolitan see of Cashel. There he established a fraternity of the same order and built for them, in the words of the source, a beautiful church and abbey, not far from his own cathedral on the Rock of Cashel. This David assisted at the general Council of Lyon. He died in 1252. Philip de Slane, who was Bishop of Cork in 1321, was a member of this fraternity.

37. Enemy quits Trim and Dundalk after fall of Drogheda

    Trim · town · Meath · 1649

    Following the storming of Drogheda, the enemy quitted Trim and Dundalk to Cromwell's forces. In Cromwell's own words, after the taking of Drogheda, these towns were abandoned without further resistance.

    Read the passage

    In another letter to the Honorable William Lenthallj Speaker of the parliament of England, and dated from Dublin, September 17, 1649, he says, " The next day, the two other towers were summoned, in one of which was about six or seven score, but they refused to yield themselves, and we knowing that hunger must compel them, set only good guards to secure them from running away, until their stomachs were come down. From one of the said towers, notwithstanding their condition, they killed and wounded some of our men. When they submitted, their officers were knocked on the head, and every tenth man of the soldiers killed, and the rest shipped for the Barbadoes. The soldiers in the other tower were all spared, as to their lives only, and shipped likewise for the Barbadoes. " Since that time" — that is, the taking of Drogheda — "the enemy quitted to us Trim and Dundalk. In Trim,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 50

38. Executions and acquittals after the Cork rebellion

    Cork · city · Cork · 1603

    Murrough, Butler, and schoolmaster Owen Mac Redmond, who had no freeholds, were the only parties executed by martial law after the Cork rebellion. Mead the recorder, the ringleader, was tried by an Irish jury and acquitted, as was Richard Gould for the attack on Haulbowline.

    Read the passage

    themselves ; " and his mild chastisement of the present rebellion, is something like an admission that the people had great cause for dissatisfaction. Murrough, Butler, and the schoolmaster, Owen Mac Redmond, who had no freeholds, were the only parties executed by martial law. Mead, the recorder, who was the ringleader, was tried by an Irish jury, and acquitted. The grand jury* found true bills against Mead, Eichard Gould, and others. Gould pleaded, in justification, before Sir Charles Wilmot, and Sir George Thornton, commissioners, Sir Nicholas Walsh, William Saxey, and George Comerford, justices, the injury he had sustained by being compelled to take the mixed or base money. He proved that the late Lord President's steward had purchased twenty barrels of wheat for the Lady Carew, which he, Bichard Gould, had purchased in France for nineteen shillings a barrel, of good silver money, and that the steward would give him but twenty shillings of the new standard or mixed money. The Cork jury, by whom he was tried and acquitted for the attack on Haulbowline, must have held that such fraudulent conduct was enough to drive any honest trader into rebellion. Mead, the recorder, appears to have had deeper projects in view. He afterwards got a pension from Spain, and went to Naples, where he wrote a treasonable tract, called, "Advice to the Catholics of Munster" a copy of which is preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. He died in Naples.

    * TJie grand jury were Owen 0' Sullivan, Teige Mac Cormac Carthy, John Taylor, Thomas J. C. Gankrough, Garrett Barry, Joshua Barry, Edmund Barry, Arthur Hyde, Charles Callaghan, William Mellefont, Eedmond Magher, Tiege Mac Carthy, John Barry, Garrett Buidhe Barry, and Bryan Mac Sweeny.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Cork city, where the road takes you, saw its rebellion settle in 1603. After the rising, only three men went to the gallows under martial law. They were Murrough, Butler, and the schoolmaster Owen Mac Redmond, none of whom held freeholds. Mead, the recorder of Cork, was the ringleader, but he was tried by an Irish jury and acquitted. The grand jury found true bills against Mead, Richard Gould, and others. Gould pleaded justification before commissioners Sir Charles Wilmot and Sir George Thornton, and justices Sir Nicholas Walsh, William Saxey, and George Comerford. He proved that the late Lord President's steward had bought twenty barrels of wheat for Lady Carew, wheat that Gould himself had purchased in France at nineteen shillings a barrel in good silver. The steward would give him only twenty shillings in the new mixed or base money. The Cork jury that acquitted him for the attack on Haulbowline must have held that such fraud was enough to drive any honest trader into rebellion. Mead had deeper projects. He later got a pension from Spain and went to Naples, where he wrote a treasonable tract called Advice to the Catholics of Munster, a copy of which is preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. He died in Naples.

39. Friendly Club and political culture in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1751

    The Friendly Club was the first and most important political club in Cork, originally composed of the party that defeated the old corporation and introduced new civic principles. Its members were satirised in a 1751 tract under classical nicknames.

    Read the passage

    Cheap wine and brandy led to hard drinking,* which prevailed in Cork to a fearful extent during the latter half of the eighteenth century. This habit was also fostered by the great number of political clubs and rendezvous houses which prevailed at this period. The Friendly Club was the first and most important. It was originally composed of the party who defeated the old corporation, and introduced new principles of civic government.

    A curious tract appeared in 1751, entitled tf A. Ramble through Bagdad, in a Letter from Philologos to his Friend," from which we take the following sketch. " Yonder's a group of figures, by appearance men, but by their actions and their passions, rather monsters transformed to human shape." Harsh language this for the reformers of the old corporation. We have pictures of the principal members — by an old corporation man, we suspect. Mr. Thomas Bousfield, the founder, or father, of the club, a man of gravity, is styled Saturn ; Eobert Travers, who was never known to delay the bottle in its circuit round the table, Bacchus ; Adam Newman, a fiery man, with an impediment in his speech, Aaron Hothead ; Robert Wrixon, Simon Foolspate ; Francis Carleton, remarkable for his pomposity and grandeur, Scalpin Lofty ; and William Owgan, the principal speaker, Orator Club. The

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 110

40. Irish expelled from Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale

    Cork · city · Cork · 1644

    Lord Inchiquin and Broghill adopted the daring measure of turning the Irish out of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale. A 1644 London tract justified the expulsion by alleging a bloody conspiracy by popish priests and Jesuits to massacre the English inhabitants, though the author notes the accusations lacked proof.

    Read the passage

    This change of purpose brought about a more cordial union between Inchiquin and Broghill than had previously existed. Lord Cork, in writing to Dungarvan, who was seeking the office of president — to which we have referred on a previous occasion — says, "The Lord Inchiquin is much scandalised at you and your brother Broghill, alleging that you have done him great wrong, in that before you departed from this, you wrote letters, which were read openly in parliament, wherein you slighted his merit in the battle of Liscarrol, and attributed the chief honor of the day's service to Sir Charles Vavasor." But these slights were now forgotten, and both united their forces against the Irish. It was at this time they adopted the daring and decided measure of turning the Irish out of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale. To justify such a violent measure, there must, of course, be a plot,

    78 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city was the scene of a mass expulsion in 1644. Lord Inchiquin and Broghill united their forces against the Irish and adopted the daring and decided measure of turning the Irish out of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale. To justify such a violent measure, there must, of course, be a plot. A London tract from 1644 alleged a conspiracy by popish priests and Jesuits to massacre the English inhabitants, though the author noted the accusations lacked proof. The expulsion followed a reconciliation between Inchiquin and Broghill. Lord Cork had written to Dungarvan that Inchiquin felt scandalised, alleging Broghill had slighted his merit in the battle of Liscarrol and attributed the chief honour of the day's service to Sir Charles Vavasor. Those slights were now forgotten. Both men turned on the Irish.

41. James II delayed in Cork for want of horses and carts

    Cork · city · Cork · 1689

    James II was delayed in Cork for about a fortnight due to a shortage of horses and baggage carts. Avaux noted it took days to transport money from Kinsale to Dublin, suggesting there was more brass than silver and gold in the military chests.

    Read the passage

    James was delayed in Cork about a fortnight,* for want of horses and baggage carts. Avaux says it took^days to draw the money — which he brought from France — from Kinsale to Dublin, although the amount was by no means considerable. It is probable there was more brass than silver and gold in the military chests.

    He arrived in Dublin on the 24th of March, where he assembled a parliament, and in his speech from the throne, thanked the Irish for their courage, loyalty, and zeal, extolled the generosity of the French king, and insisted on his design of establishing liberty of conscience. Some very popular measures were enacted on this occasion. Among the most so, was one declaring Ireland independent of the English parliament ; another exempted all dissenters from ecclesiastical jurisdiction ; and another, that the tithes payable by Catholics should be given to the clergymen of that communion.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 76

42. John Exham, the mad Quaker, preaches in Cork streets

    Cork · city · Cork

    John Exham, a former Cromwellian soldier turned Quaker, walked through the streets of Cork with his head covered in sackcloth and ashes, preaching repentance. He suffered a long and severe imprisonment for this act during the time of William Penn's involvement with the Quakers in Cork.

    Read the passage

    soldier under Cromwell, but who, on the appearance of Quakerism, took a leading part in the dissemination of its pacific doctrines. His enthusiasm was so great, about the time of Penn's imprisonment, that he walked through the streets, his head covered with sackcloth and ashes, preaching repentance and amendment of life, for which he suffered a long and severe imprisonment."— Crater's "South of Ireland," p. 198.

    The three paragraphs we have quoted from Crofton Croker — a most pleasant and interesting writer — contaijjpfor certain, two, and we strongly suspect, three mistakes. There is no such text in the bible as Croker quotes : — " There is a faith that overcomes the world, and there is a faith that is overcome of the world." The words which report says were the means of Penn's conversion to Quakerism, occur in the first epistle of John, fifth chapter and fourth verse, and read thus : — " This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith." Again, Colonel Phaire, whom Croker represents as the governor of Cork, and a convert to Quakerism at this time, was arrested and sent to Dublin six years before this. Again, as this was the first time that William Penn — who had been sent over from England to Cork to look after his father's Irish property — had met the Quakers, we do not see how John Exham, the mad Quaker, can be classed among Penn's early religious associates. Penn was by no means a mad, but, on the contrary, a most sober-minded Quaker.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 70

43. Lady Jeffreys and the Blarney bridge

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    Lady Jeffreys, sister of Lord Chancellor Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare, persuaded the Grand Jury of the county to build a bridge to ornament Blarney Castle. When the river refused to run under it, she applied to have the course of the river changed, but the Grand Jury could or would not comply.

    Read the passage

    General Sir James Jeffreys won his title of knight banneret in the army of Charles XII., of Sweden, and the hand of a lady claiming alliance to the royal family. His son, the Honorable James Jeffreys, was afterwards envoy at the court of Sweden. A descendant of his married the sister of the Lord Chancellor Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare. If we can believe the stories told of this lady, she must have inherited a large share of her brother's indomitable spirit. She obliged, or persuaded the Grand Jury of the county to build a bridge to ornament the castle, and when the water, which is subject to fixed laws, refused to run under her bridge, she applied to have the course of the river changed, but this the Grand Jury could or would not do.

    " 'Tis Lady Jeffreys who owns that station,* Like Alexander or Helen fair ; There's no commander, in all this nation, In emulation can with her compare."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 253

44. Lord Longueville marries into Bantry family

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1795

    Lord Longueville, created in October 1795, married Margaret, the only daughter of Richard White of Bantry. This connection drove his zeal in getting his father-in-law raised to the dignity of a viscount.

    Read the passage

    Bichard Longfield was created Lord Longueville in Oct., 1795. The Longfields, or Longchamps, came to England with the Conqueror, and to Ireland at a very early period. William, the grand-uncle of the first lord, lost estates, now valued at £30,000 a year, by adhering to James II. He procured a grant of £3,000 on William's accession. His younger brother, John Longfield, was a Williamite, and more fortunate ; he settled in the county of Cork, and was employed as a Collector at Mallow. Lord Longueville married Margaret, the only daughter of Eichard White, of Bantry, hence his zeal in "getting his father-in-law raised to the dignity of a viscount.

    The compensation money paid for disfranchising and decreasing the representation in Irish boroughs amounted to £1,260,000. "Paid by the people,5' said Grattan, " for getting themselves turned out of parliament." The expression is more epigrammatic than true. It was not the people but the nominees of the noblemen, that were turned out. This was well understood, and it was the noble patrons of these boroughs that got the money. The price given for each borough was £15,000. Now as Cork had seven boroughs disfranchised, namely, Charleville, Midleton, Baltimore, Clonakilty, Castlemartyr, Doneraile, and Eathcormac, the noble patrons must have pocketed — deducting the small sums they may have given their nominees, £105,000. Lords Cork and Shannon, who were joint patrons of Charleville, received £7,500 for this small borough. Lord Shannon had more or less influence in four boroughs in this county, which were worth £60,000. Mr. Hare, afterwards Lord Ennismore,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up is the town of Bantry, in Cork. In October 1795, Richard Longfield was created Lord Longueville. The Longfields, or Longchamps, came to England with the Conqueror, and to Ireland at a very early period. William, the grand-uncle of the first lord, lost estates, now valued at £30,000 a year, by adhering to James II. He procured a grant of £3,000 on William's accession. His younger brother, John Longfield, was a Williamite, and more fortunate; he settled in the county of Cork, and was employed as a Collector at Mallow. Lord Longueville married Margaret, the only daughter of Richard White of Bantry, hence his zeal in getting his father-in-law raised to the dignity of a viscount. The compensation money paid for disfranchising and decreasing the representation in Irish boroughs amounted to £1,260,000. "Paid by the people," said Grattan, "for getting themselves turned out of parliament." The expression is more epigrammatic than true. It was not the people but the nominees of the noblemen that were turned out. This was well understood, and it was the noble patrons of these boroughs that got the money. The price given for each borough was £15,000. As Cork had seven boroughs disfranchised, namely Charleville, Midleton, Baltimore, Clonakilty, Castlemartyr, Doneraile, and Rathcormac, the noble patrons must have pocketed, deducting the small sums they may have given their nominees, £105,000. Lords Cork and Shannon, who were joint patrons of Charleville, received £7,500 for this small borough. Lord Shannon had more or less influence in four boroughs in this county, which were worth £60,000.

45. Mail from Cashel waylaid near Lower Green by three attackers

    Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1807

    In May 1807, the post-boy carrying mail from Cashel under escort of a dragoon guard was waylaid near Lower Green by three men, two of whom fired at the guard. The dragoon returned fire, striking one attacker, while the post-boy fled back to Cashel.

    Read the passage

    " May 20th. — The post-boy bringing the mail from Cashel, under the escort of one of the 7th dragoon guards, quartered here, was waylaid near Lower Green, by three fellows, two of whom fired at the guard. The post-boy directly turned, and hastened back to Cashel, while the dragoon fired upon one of the villians, who immediately fell ; the two others fled, and the dragoon pursued the object of his charge, whom he overtook before he reached Cashel.

    "A.D. 1808, June 30th.— The post-boy who was conveying the mails from Skibbereen to Bantry, was attacked by two men with their faces blackened, and robbed of the mail, after being severely ill-treated."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 148

46. Mayor John Swete commits tradesmen to bridewell, Cork, 1758

    Cork · city · Cork · 1758

    In 1758, Mayor John Swete committed a number of tradesmen to the bridewell in Cork for refusing to pay exorbitant quarterage to their masters. The tradesmen brought the matter before the King's Bench, which issued an attachment to take the mayor into custody; he was fined £600.

    Read the passage

    This bye-law had not the effect of curing the evil complained of, for we find John Swete, mayor in 1758, committing a number of tradesmen to bridewell for refusing to pay exorbitant quarterage to their masters. The tradesmen brought the matter before the King's Bench, where an attachment was issued to take the mayor into custody. But he got off with a fine of £600, "provided he never again committed the same offence."

    The conduct of the common council is next over^ hauled by this court of D'Oyer Hundred : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 94

47. Old gates, bloody heads, and Skiddy's Castle, Main Street

    North Main Street · street · Cork

    The North and South Main Streets formed the grand thoroughfare of ancient walled Cork, ending at gates with drawbridges and castles whose spikes displayed bloody heads. Skiddy's Castle, the old powder magazine at the north-eastern end, has disappeared.

    Read the passage

    THE NORTH AND SOUTH MAIN STREETS — properly one street* — at the end of which stood the North and South gates of the old walled town, with their drawbridges and castles, the spikes of which were adorned with many a bloody head. This was the grand thoroughfare of the ancient city of Cork. But we have little more left than the thoroughfare, or the ground on which the old stone and " thatched houses " of the Meades, Eoches, and Skiddys stood ; even Skiddy's Castle, or the old powder magazine, at the north-eastern end, has disappeared.

    The Main Street contains two churches; Christ Church, or the church of the Holy Trinity, in the South Main Street, and St. Peter's Church in the North Main Street. We discover from one of the Eoche MSS., bearing date Nov. 24th, 1630, that the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    Along here, the North and South Main Streets were properly one street, the grand thoroughfare of the ancient walled city of Cork. At each end stood a gate, with its drawbridge and castle, and the spikes of those castles were adorned with many a bloody head. Little is left now but the thoroughfare itself, and the ground where the old stone and thatched houses of the Meades, the Roches, and the Skiddys once stood. Skiddy's Castle, the old powder magazine at the north-eastern end, has disappeared. The street holds two churches: Christ Church, the church of the Holy Trinity, in the South Main Street, and St. Peter's Church here in the North Main Street. A Roche manuscript bearing the date the 24th of November 1630 tells us more, but the old walls and gates are long gone.

48. Poor foreign scholar consecrated Bishop of Cork by St. Malachy

    Cork · city · Cork · 1140

    When the see of Cork was vacant around 1140, Saint Bernard records that Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, consecrated a poor foreign man of sanctity and learning as bishop, with the approbation of the clergy and people of Cork.

    Read the passage

    " A.D. 1140. The see of Cork being vacant — Saint Bernard states — a certain poor man, who was a foreigner, but a man of sanctity and learning, was, by Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh,* Dominated bishop, and sent to that see, with the approbation and applause of the clergy and people."

    " A.D. 1152. Finn, grandson of Celechar TJa Ceinneidigh, successor of Colum, and who had been a successor of Bairre, for a time, died."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 176

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, the city carries a story from 1140. Saint Bernard records that the see of Cork was vacant then, and Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, consecrated a certain poor man, a foreigner, as bishop. He was a man of sanctity and learning, and he was sent to that see with the approbation and applause of the clergy and people of Cork.

49. Protestant Hall arose from Gavazzi lecture refusal

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Protestant Hall in Cork was built as a result of the refusal to allow Father Gavazzi to lecture on Roman Catholicism in the Cork Athenaeum. The hall was situated behind the houses on the south side of the South Mall, with entrances opposite Cook Street and from Queen Street behind Father Mathew's chapel.

    Read the passage

    The Protestant Hall arose out of the refusal to allow Father Gavazzi to lecture on Roman Catholicism in the Cork Atheneeum. The site of the hall is situated on a piece of ground to the rere of the houses afrthe south side of the South Mall, from which it has an entrance opposite Cook Street. It has also an entrance from Queen Street, immediately to the rere of Father Mathew's chapel. The hall is 98 feet long by 45 feet wide, in the clear of walls, and 36 feet high from floor to ceiling. It is lighted from the sides and end by large semi-circular headed windows, finished internally with pilasters and rich dressings. The piers between the windows are occupied by coupled Corinthian pilasters, which support a rich cornice and entablature, having breaks over the pilasters, running

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 165

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there's a hall here born from a quarrel. The Protestant Hall was built because Father Gavazzi was refused permission to lecture on Roman Catholicism in the Cork Athenaeum. That refusal drove the building of a new hall on ground behind the houses on the south side of the South Mall. You could reach it through an entrance opposite Cook Street, or from Queen Street, immediately behind Father Mathew's chapel. It was a sizeable room, 98 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 36 feet from floor to ceiling. Light came through large semi-circular headed windows in the sides and end. Inside, the walls were finished with pilasters and rich dressings. Coupled Corinthian pilasters stood between the windows, supporting a rich cornice and entablature with breaks over the pilasters. It was a building made to answer a closed door.

50. Red Abbey: Augustinian foundation on Cumberland Street

    Cork · city · Cork · 1420–1780

    A convent of Augustinian Eremites was founded on Cumberland Street in Cork by Patrick de Courcy in 1420. Only one tower of the abbey now stands; the priory was granted to Cormac MacCarthy in 1577. The Eremites later reappeared in Fishamble Lane before removing to Brunswick Street in 1780.

    Read the passage

    Near the South Monastery, in Cumberland Street, is the Ked Abbey, already described. A convent of Augustinian Eremites, or Austin Friars, was founded here by Patrick de Courcy in 1420. But one tower of the abbey now stands. The priory, with its appurtenances, was granted to Cormac Mac Carthy, Master of Mourne, in 1577, for the yearly rent of £13 6s. 8d. The Eremites disappear from 1577 to 1741, when they turn up in "an obscure nook in Fishamble Lane," from which they removed, in 1780, to Brunswick Street.

    In the Fishamble Lane locality, between Cross Street and Duncan Street — formerly called Grattan Street — we have the house and church of Franciscan Friars. They built their church in 1830, at a cost of £4500. Their original foundation, as we have explained in vol. i., pp. 177-179, was on the North Mall. It was called the "Mirror of Ireland" Dive Downes,* the Protestant Bishop of Cork, describes it in his "Visitation," in 1700, thus: —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 173

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, over on Cumberland Street stands Red Abbey, what remains of a convent of Augustinian Eremites, founded by Patrick de Courcy in 1420. Only one tower of the abbey now stands. The priory, with its appurtenances, was granted to Cormac MacCarthy, Master of Mourne, in 1577, for a yearly rent of 13 pounds, 6 shillings and 8 pence. After that grant the Eremites disappear from the record from 1577 to 1741, when they turn up in what the source calls an obscure nook in Fishamble Lane. From there they removed, in 1780, to Brunswick Street. So the order survived by moving, first from the abbey on Cumberland Street, then from the lane, then onward again. What stays from the original foundation is that single tower.

51. Religious orders assemble in Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork

    A contemporary source reported that friars and members of religious orders had gathered in the city of Cork in considerable numbers, establishing their several orders and convents and wearing their distinctive habits. The writer urged that the President of Munster follow the example set by the Lords Justices in Dublin in dealing with them.

    Read the passage

    says, " These locusts were also assembled in the city of Cork, being very numerous, and have set up their several orders and convents, wearing their particular habits." He desires that the President of Munster, Sir William St. Leger, should be directed to follow in Cork the example of the Lords Justices in Dublin.

    The Lords Justices the Earl of Cork and the Chancellor Loftus, delivered up the sword of state to Lord Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Stratford, who was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in January, 1631. The Earl of Cork became Lord High Treasurer of Ireland in the same year. He addressed the following letter to the Lord Treasurer of England, when he heard he had been superseded in his office as one of the Lords Justices. Conceal it as he will, he saw an enemy in Lord Wentworth, and apprehended the coming storm — conscience makes cowards of us all; and he had much in the shape of church and escheated property upon his conscience, of which Wentworth and Laud were anxious to see him disburdened : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is a report from a writer of the time. He wrote that friars and members of religious orders had gathered in this city in considerable numbers. They set up their several orders and convents, and wore their particular habits. He called them "locusts" and wanted the President of Munster, Sir William St. Leger, to follow the example of the Lords Justices in Dublin in dealing with them. The Lords Justices were the Earl of Cork and Chancellor Loftus. They delivered up the sword of state to Lord Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Stratford, who was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in January 1631. The Earl of Cork became Lord High Treasurer of Ireland in the same year. When he heard he had been superseded as one of the Lords Justices, he wrote to the Lord Treasurer of England. He saw an enemy in Lord Wentworth and apprehended the coming storm. He had church and escheated property upon his conscience, and Wentworth and Laud were anxious to see him disburdened of it.

52. Scravenmore encamps at Waters' mills near Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690

    Scravenmore was found encamped on the hill above Waters' mills, about half a mile from the city of Cork. He informed the narrator that the Duke of Berwick was marching from Limerick towards Newmarket to raise the siege of Cork.

    Read the passage

    " 24th. — In the morning I marched to Cork, and acquainted Scrayenmore — whom I found encamped the night before on the hill above "Waters' mills, about half a mile from the city — of the resolution taken for the Duke of Wurtemburgh to join him, and that accordingly he was on his march from Cahir towards him. He showed me a letter from a correspondent, that the Duke of Berwick,* with a great body of horse, was marched from Limerick towards Newmarket, with a design to get to him all the forces of Muskerry and county of Kerry, and therewith to raise the siege of Cork, and thereon gave me orders to return next morning to the duke and acquaint him therewith, and desire him to hasten up to Cork lest the enemy should come down before him and disturb our lodgment.

    " In the afternoon, Scravemnore's adjutant, Reks, returned from the Cove, with orders from the Duke of Marlborough to send a party of horse over the water to cover his foot toward Cork.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city saw military movements in 1690. On the 24th, the narrator marched to Cork and found Scravenmore encamped the night before on the hill above Waters' mills, about half a mile from the city. He acquainted Scravenmore of a resolution taken for the Duke of Wurtemburgh to join him, and that he was on his march from Cahir. Scravenmore showed him a letter from a correspondent stating that the Duke of Berwick, with a great body of horse, had marched from Limerick towards Newmarket. Berwick's design was to gather all the forces of Muskerry and county of Kerry, and with them raise the siege of Cork. Scravenmore gave orders to return next morning to the duke and acquaint him, and desire him to hasten up to Cork lest the enemy should come down before him and disturb their lodgment. In the afternoon, Scravenmore's adjutant, Reks, returned from the Cove with orders from the Duke of Marlborough to send a party of horse over the water to cover his foot toward Cork.

53. Shanagarry estate granted to William Penn

    Shanagarry · town · Cork

    The Shanagarry estate was granted by Charles II to the Quaker William Penn in exchange for Macroom, which was restored to Lord Muskerry. A lineal descendant, Peter Penn-Gaskell, resided at Shanagarry House, inheriting portions of Penn's Irish and Pennsylvania property.

    Read the passage

    Shanagarry is about two miles from Cloyiie. We have shewn that the Shanagarry estate was granted by Charles II, to the famous Quaker, William Penn, in exchange for Macroom, which was restored to ' its proper owner, Lord Muskerry. Mr. Peter Penn- Gaskell, a lineal descendant of William Peun, has been residing at Shanagarry House for the last two or three years. He inherits a portion of Penn's Irish property, as well as property in Pennsylvania, or Philadelphia. William Penn was married twice. First, in 1672, to Guielma Maria Springett, from whom Mr. Penn-Gaskell is descended. He married a second time, in 1696, Hannah Callowhill. His sons, Thomas* and Richard, by this marriage, were joint proprietors of Pennsylvania.

    Ballycotton is a good fishing village, about four

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 231

54. St Mary's Church Youghal: restoration by Rev Drew

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The restoration of St Mary's Church, Youghal, called by the first Earl of Cork 'one of the fayrest churches in Ireland,' was due to the exertions and liberality of the rector, Rev. P. W. Drew. Prior to restoration the choir was roofless, the nave disfigured by a plaster ceiling and galleries, and gothic windows built up or replaced with timber sashes.

    Read the passage

    The restoration of this beautiful church, called by the first Earl of Cork " one of the fayrest churches in Ireland," is owing to the untiring exertions, and, we may add, in many instances, to the individual liberality of the Kector, the Eev. P. W. Drew, of Youghal, who has fairly earned the title of " INSTAURATOR RUINJE." In the south transept we have the monument of the Earl of Cork, with figures of himself, his two wives, and the various members of his family, the taste of which we do not admire, but the taste is his lordship's and not the rector's. His lordship's worldly-mindedness, and master-passion for the grandeur of this world, was strong in death, and has produced a monster monument. But its monstrosities render it an object of the greater interest ; we, therefore, give Mr. Drew credit for preserving the original likeness.

    St. Mary's, of Youghal, contains the monuments of Lord Broghill, the Earl of Cork's ablest son, • — the first earl begat a son in his own likeness — of Thomas Fleming, Lord of Slane ; and of Sir Edward Villiers :

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 237

55. Tory-hunting bounty and Sunday harping prosecution in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1699

    Dive Downes's journal illustrates the state of society in 1699: twenty pounds was offered for bringing in a Tory, and Teige Dash was prosecuted for having a harper playing in his house on a Sunday.

    Read the passage

    The journal contains some curious illustrations of the state of society in 1699. Twenty pounds was given at this time for bringing in a Tory. Teige Dash was prosecuted for having a harper playing in his house on Sunday. The following fees claimed by the Yicar of Abbeystowry, reminds us of the hangman's perquisites : —

    " The rector or vicar usually demands, besides burying fees,* when the man of the family, or widow, dies worth £5, the sum of 13s. 4d. as a mortuary. If the man dies worth less than £5, they demand his secondbest suit of clothes, or 6s, 8d. in lieu thereof. This has been adjudged by the bishop's court to be due, and is usually received, especially by the lay impropriators, where there is no vicaridge endowed. The fees for burials, &c., are not the same in all parishes. The same is observed in tything of pigs."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 182

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork now. In 1699, the state of society here was rough enough that twenty pounds was offered for bringing in a Tory. That same year, Teige Dash was prosecuted for having a harper playing in his house on a Sunday. Dive Downes recorded these details in his journal. The fees claimed by the Vicar of Abbeystowry tell their own story. When the man of the family or a widow died worth five pounds, the rector or vicar demanded thirteen shillings and fourpence as a mortuary. If the person died worth less than five pounds, they demanded the second best suit of clothes, or six shillings and eightpence instead. The bishop's court adjudged this to be due. The fees for burials were not the same in all parishes. The same was observed in tything of pigs.

56. Youghal strained to support troops

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

    Inchiquin ordered troops for which there was no provision to Youghal, a town that could scarcely support its own garrison. The men hesitated on the way, and Inchiquin threatened to hang them if they did not march.

    Read the passage

    tobacco of all the patentees in the county, of which there was a large supply in Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal. Some troops having arrived, for which there was no provision, he ordered them to Youghal, which could scarcely support its own garrison. The men hesitated or halted on the way. Inchiquin sent a messenger to say if they did not march he would hang them. This was no doubt to annoy my Lord Cork. Inchiquin was at heart more of a royalist than a parliamentary man.

    Sir William St. Leger, Lord President of Munster, w]iose heart was with the king, and in whose cause his eldest son had fallen at the battle of Kewbury, died at Doneraile, the 2nd of July, 1642. Dr. Smith says, the distractions between the king and the parliament so troubled his spirit, and made so deep an impression on his mind, that it threw him into a disorder, of which he died. St. Leger, writing to Ormond, says, "It grieves me beyond any earthly sorrow, for the great distance and difference betwixt his majesty and the parliament ; and if all the measures of the times, joined with my long and violent sickness, were not of force to subject me to the grave, yet the sorrow for these unhappy variances would crack a much stronger heart than your servant hath now left in him."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 38

57. Raheen manor restored to Colonel O'Donovan by Charles II

    Raheen · townland · Cork · 1660–1665

    Daniel IV O'Donovan, later known as Colonel O'Donovan, petitioned Charles II for restoration of his father Donnell's confiscated property. He recovered the manor of Raheen, though not Castle Donovan.

    Read the passage

    Their son, Daniel IV., petitioned Charles II. for the restoration of his father's property, and got back the manor of Eaheen, but no part of the manor of Castle Donovan, which the king, by patent, had granted to Lieutenant Evanson, at an annual rent of £22 4s. 1 Id.

    This Daniel, better known afterwards as Colonel O'Donovan, was committed in 1684, by Sir Emanucl Moore, on a charge of treason, for conspiring the death of the king, in his lodgings at Whitehall, but he was entirely acquitted. We find him, July 1689, a colonel of a regiment of foot, in the service of James II. In October, 1690, he was deputy-governor of Charles Fort, in Kinsale, which he surrendered to Marlborough on honorable terms.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 264

58. Cork pump wells left open as traps, 1815

    Cork · city · Cork · 1815

    On 10 October 1815, the Mercantile Chronicle complained that new pump wells in Cork were left open, exposing inhabitants to the danger of falling into enormous pits of water during dark winter nights in the most frequented streets.

    Read the passage

    The Mercantile Chronicle complains, on the 10th of October, 1815, of the way in which the new pump wells of the city were left open, " the inhabitants being exposed to the danger of being precipitated, during the dark winter nights, into enormous pits of water, which lay open like traps in the most frequented streets."

    We have a most correct account of the principal streets of Cork in Mr. Windele's excellent work, Historical and Descriptive Notices, to which we are much indebted. The following are the principal thoroughfares in the portion of the city enclosed within the fork, or two branches of the river :— -

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    Cork had a hazard in its streets in 1815. On the 10th of October that year, the Mercantile Chronicle complained that the city's new pump wells were left open. The paper said the inhabitants were exposed to the danger of being precipitated, during the dark winter nights, into enormous pits of water, which lay open like traps in the most frequented streets. So as you pass through Cork, you are passing through ground where people once walked at their peril on winter nights, the pavement hiding open wells of water in the very streets they used most.

59. Abbot of Cork indicted for harbouring thieves

    Cork · city · Cork · 1300

    An Abbot of Cork was indicted in 1300 for receiving and protecting thieves and felons. He avoided conviction by pleading that a former fine had already been paid, and the jury acquitted him.

    Read the passage

    * Into trouble. An Abbot of Cork was indicted in 1300 for receiving and protecting thieves and felons, bnt having pleaded the payment of a former fine, the jnry acquitted him. — Windele, p. 78.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 177

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is an old tale from the year 1300. An Abbot of Cork was indicted for receiving and protecting thieves and felons. He pleaded that a former fine had already been paid, and the jury acquitted him.

60. Armed assemblies and fighting at Hammond's Fields, Blarney, 1764

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1764

    In April 1764, large numbers of armed men assembled every Sunday evening in Hammond's Fields near Blarney, dividing into two parties and fighting for hours. Leaders then continued rioting in Cork city through the night. The fields had previously been a gathering place for ruffians before a recent crackdown on street crime.

    Read the passage

    " April 15, 1764. — A great number of fellows were at this time in the habit of assembling in Hammond's Fields, near Blarney, every Sunday evening, many of them armed with swords, in open contempt of magistracy, where they divided themselves into two parties, in order of battle, and generally maintained a running fight for several hours, in which some of both parties seldom failed getting broken heads ; from thence some of their leaders, after their evening's diversion, used to remove the scene of action to the city, and continue rioting the remainder of the night. Before the beginning of the previous war — when knocking down, street robberies, and sometimes murders, were so frequent here, that the inhabitants were afraid to stir outside their doors after night-fall — it was in those same fields that the ruffians assembled." — Tuckey, p. 140.

    204 HISTORY OP CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 104