A history of the Phoenix park patriots

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Cavendish and Burke killed in Phoenix Park, May 6 1882

   Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

   On May 6, 1882, Lord Frederick Cavendish and Under-Secretary Thomas Burke were attacked and killed by armed men near the Phoenix monument in Phoenix Park, Dublin. The two officials were walking arm in arm toward the Viceregal Lodge when men alighted from a hack and a short struggle ensued.

   Read the passage

   Arm in arm the old and the new British officials in Ireland strolled along one of the walks in Phoenix Park on their way to the Viceregal lodge. At a few minutes past seven o'clock they arrived at a point less than one hundred yards distant from the Phoenix monument. Just at that moment a hack drove along the road, from which several men alighted. A struggle followed. It was short, sharp and decisive. By it the removal was completed. Two men on tricycles passed along the road a few seconds before the scuffle occurred. They were named Foley and Maguire. After riding around for about ten minutes the tricyclists returned to the spot where the affair had taken place. What they discovered was best told by Foley. He said :

   " When just opposite the Viceregal lodge we observed a man lying on the road on the right side and a man on the footway ,^ about six or eight yards from us, lying on his back. I alighted from my tricycle and went to the man on the road and then to the man on the footway. I saw that the man on the footway had had his throat cut. My companion did not alight from his machine at all. He rode very hard to town, and informed the police. I went over to the man lying on the road and asked him a question to see if he had life. Hie merely turned his eyes, I could get no answer, Theu I ^m tci

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   Phoenix Park is the ground you are passing through. On the 6th of May 1882, Lord Frederick Cavendish and Under-Secretary Thomas Burke walked arm in arm along one of the walks here, on their way to the Viceregal Lodge. They were the old and the new British officials in Ireland. At a few minutes past seven o'clock they came within a hundred yards of the Phoenix monument. A hack drove along the road. Several men alighted from it. A struggle followed, and it was short, sharp and decisive. By it, the removal was completed. Two men on tricycles had passed along the road only seconds before. Their names were Foley and Maguire. After riding around for about ten minutes, they came back to the spot. Foley told what he found. He said that just opposite the Viceregal Lodge they saw a man lying on the road and a man on the footway, about six or eight yards away, lying on his back. Foley alighted from his tricycle and went first to the man on the road, then to the man on the footway. He saw that the man on the footway had had his throat cut. Maguire did not get off his machine. He rode hard to town and informed the police. Foley went to the man lying on the road and asked him a question to see if he had life. The man merely turned his eyes. Foley could get no answer.

2. Carey witnesses the Phoenix Park assassination

   Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

   Carey testified that from about 250 yards away he saw seven armed men meet Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke in Phoenix Park. He saw Joseph Brady strike the man in the gray suit and later learned from Curley that Brady had attacked both gentlemen with a knife and wiped it in the grass. The whole transaction was over by twenty minutes past seven.

   Read the passage

   Q. And, after they had passed, did you see anything done to one of these men ? A. Carey (amid dead silence) said — When I was about two hundred and fifty yards away from the place where I left those men— I looked around occasionally before that — but at that distance I looked and I saw the seven men meet the two. The first three were abreast — Curley, Fagan and Hanlon ; twelve feet after them Kelly and Brady, and six feet Delaney and Caffrey. I saw the two meeting the seven, and the two passed through the ranks. They let them pass through. I said '* It is another failure." I went on a few steps farther and I looked around. I saw a right-about movement made by the first four. I went on a few steps farther and I looked again, and I saw the two men in the rear getting to the front and closing on the two first men — the two gentlemen. What I saw then I will describe. I saw one figure coming in collision with the two gentlemen. The man in gray was on the inside ; I did not know the other. I saw this man, Joseph Brady, raising his left hand and striking the man in the gray suit. That is all I saw.

   Q. What gate of the Park did you then make for ? A. The Island Bridge gate. It was seventeen minutes past seven o'clock when I was leaving the men ; the whole transaction was over by twenty minutes past seven. When I left the pathway I looked at my watch.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

   As the companion tells it

   Phoenix Park in Dublin was where Carey, in 1882, witnessed an assassination from about 250 yards away. He was leaving 2 men, Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke, when he looked back and saw 7 armed men meet them. The first 3 walked abreast: Curley, Fagan, and Hanlon. 12 feet behind came Kelly and Brady, and 6 feet behind them Delaney and Caffrey. The 2 gentlemen passed through the ranks, and the 7 let them through. Carey thought, "It is another failure." He went a few steps farther and looked again. The first 4 made a right-about movement. He went on a few more steps and looked once more. The 2 men in the rear had moved to the front and were closing on the 2 gentlemen. One figure came into collision with them. The man in the gray suit was on the inside. Carey saw Joseph Brady raise his left hand and strike the man in the gray suit. That was all he saw. He made for the Island Bridge gate. It was 17 minutes past 7 when he left the men. The whole transaction was over by 20 minutes past 7. Carey later learned from Curley that Brady had attacked both gentlemen with a knife and wiped it in the grass.

3. Grief and keening at Inchicore Road during Curley's execution

   Inchicore Road · street · Dublin

   During Daniel Curley's execution, his father and father-in-law waited behind a confectioner's shop on the Inchicore Road. When the black flag was raised, they fell to their knees, wailed, and began keening, drawing a crowd that thought someone had fallen off the nearby bridge.

   Read the passage

   witnessed behind a small confectioner's shop by the Inchicore Eoad, where Ourley's father and father-in-law, both old men, were walking up and down bareheaded. As the flag ran up to the staff the old men gave vent to their grief in loud wails and threw themselves on their knees. After praying for some time with fervency they began "keening." Their piercing cries attracted the attention of the crowd, which rushed from all points to ascertain the cause of the noise. The impression spread that some one had fallen over the bridge which at this point spans the river. The poor old men remained on their knees for an hour after the execution. Curley died firmly. Curley retired to rest at twelve o'clock, and rose that morning at six, looking calm and refreshed. At a quarter to seven Canon Kennedy and the Rev. Mr. Findlater arrived and took him to the chapel, where he partook of the last sacraments. An hour was spent there. Mgr. Kennedy then told Carley to arise, and he at once obeyed.

   The procession then formed in the same manner as at the execution of Brady. On their way through the corridor Mar wood joined the party, putting up his hand to his head as a salute. The priests took their places behind Curley, and the litany of the dying was recited, Curley repeating the responses in an audible, firm voice. He wore a crucifix around his neck. About ten paces from the scaffold Marwood made a signal to halt and then proceeded to pinion Curley, whispering something in his ear. Curley offered not the slightest resistance, and when the painful operation was over he stood erect and firm. Just before his arms were caught in the straps he stretched forth his right hand and shook hands with Governor Gildea, saying, '' Good-by, and thank you." The recitation of the litany was then resumed, Curley repeating the responses with intense fervency. At the foot of the scaffold he took a last glance at those present to witness his execution, and then ascended the steps of the scaffold lightly.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 14

4. Tricyclist Foley discovers bodies near Viceregal Lodge

   Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

   Two tricyclists named Foley and Maguire passed the scene moments before the attack and returned about ten minutes later. Foley described finding one man lying on the road and another on the footway near the Viceregal Lodge, the latter with his throat cut, giving his last breath as Foley felt for his pulse.

   Read the passage

   " When just opposite the Viceregal lodge we observed a man lying on the road on the right side and a man on the footway ,^ about six or eight yards from us, lying on his back. I alighted from my tricycle and went to the man on the road and then to the man on the footway. I saw that the man on the footway had had his throat cut. My companion did not alight from his machine at all. He rode very hard to town, and informed the police. I went over to the man lying on the road and asked him a question to see if he had life. Hie merely turned his eyes, I could get no answer, Theu I ^m tci

   14 TEE PECENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   Phoenix Park, in 1882. Two men on tricycles, Foley and Maguire, had passed the Viceregal Lodge moments before. They came back about ten minutes later. Foley saw a man lying on the road, and another on the footway, on his back. He got off his tricycle and went to the man on the road first, then to the man on the footway. The man on the footway had had his throat cut. Maguire did not get off his machine. He rode hard to town and told the police. Foley went back to the man on the road and asked him a question to see if he was alive. The man merely turned his eyes. Foley could get no answer.

5. Execution of Joseph Brady at Kilmainham Prison

   Kilmainham · townland · Dublin · 1883

   On the morning of May 14th, approximately ten thousand people, mainly young artisans and shopkeepers, gathered outside Kilmainham Prison awaiting the black flag signaling Brady's execution. When the flag rose at eight o'clock, the crowd responded with prayers, kneeling, and silent reverence.

   Read the passage

   Fully ten thousand persons, consisting principally of young men of the artisan and shopkeeping classes, gathered on the roadway surrounding Kilmainham prison as early as half past six o'clock, waiting anxiously for the hoisting of the black flag, which was to indicate to the outer world the fall of the drop.

   There could be no doubt about the sympathies of the masses. There was no levity, no rude horse-play. People talked in whispers commiserating; the man who was about to die. As the clock struck eight the cord was tightened around the neck of the unfortunate man within the jail, and before the last stroke the death emblem was fluttering in the breeze. A loud murmur ran through the crowd ; hats were off in an instant ; many went down on their knees in the roadway, and others devoutly crossed themselves and uttered prayers for the repose of Brady's soul. The sun, a few moments afterward, shone out in summer splendor, and in less than half an hour the large crowd had dispersed.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 9

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, in 1883, 10,000 people gathered outside Kilmainham Prison on the morning of May 14th, mostly young men from the artisan and shopkeeping classes. They were there by half past 6, waiting for a black flag to rise over the prison walls. That flag would tell the world outside that Joseph Brady had dropped. There was no joking among them, no horseplay. People talked in whispers about the man about to die. When the clock struck 8, the cord was tightened around Brady's neck inside the jail. Before the last stroke faded, the black flag was fluttering in the breeze. A murmur ran through the crowd. Hats came off in an instant. Many went down on their knees in the roadway. Others crossed themselves and prayed for the repose of Brady's soul. The sun came out in summer splendour, and within half an hour the crowd dispersed.

6. Post-mortem at Chief Secretary's Lodge, Phoenix Park

   Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

   A post-mortem examination conducted at the Chief Secretary's Lodge in Phoenix Park revealed eleven wounds on Burke and eight on Cavendish. Burke's chief wound penetrated the heart, while Cavendish's chief wound severed an artery in his neck, and one wound on his left forearm fractured the bone as if from a hatchet or sword.

   Read the passage

   The post-mortem examination at the Chief Secretary's lodge showed eleven wounds on Burke and eight on Cavendish. The chief wound on the former penetrating the heart, and on the latter the chief wound severing an important artery in the neck. One wound on Cavendish's left forearm had severed the mascles and fractured the bone, as if inflicted with a hatchet or sword. The body of Burke presented the appearance of that of a stalwart man for his age — sixty years. His face was drawn a good deal. Cavendish was a man of slight build, with a narrow chest. Burke's body presented — as a doctor stated who saw both bodies — very much the same appearance as that of Lord Leitrim.

   The news of the removal of the brace of tyrants spread quickly throughout Ireland, and when Sunday dawned intelligence of it had reached America. It then appeared that liberty was certainly a serious game, and was being played out for the first time in Irish history just as the Greek told the Persian, ' ' with knives, and hatchets, and not with drawled epigrams and soft petitions." The English officials in Ireland shivered in their boots, and the Hawkshaws of Scotland Yard were telegraphed for to assist the much-boasted- of Castle detectives. They had theories. One was that the avengers came over from England, and that Lord Frederick was deliberately the object of their attack ; and another that Burke, who was the chief instigator of Forster's policy and very obnoxious to the nationalists, was the primary victim.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   Phoenix Park in Dublin was the ground where a grim examination took place in 1882, at the Chief Secretary's Lodge. A post-mortem was carried out on two men killed there, Burke and Cavendish. The doctors found eleven wounds on Burke and eight on Cavendish. Burke's chief wound penetrated the heart. Cavendish's chief wound severed an important artery in his neck. One wound on Cavendish's left forearm had severed the muscles and fractured the bone, as if inflicted with a hatchet or sword. Burke was sixty years old, a stalwart man for his age, though his face was drawn a good deal. Cavendish was slight of build, with a narrow chest. A doctor who saw both bodies said Burke's body presented very much the same appearance as that of Lord Leitrim. The news of the removal of what the book calls the brace of tyrants spread quickly throughout Ireland, and by Sunday intelligence of it had reached America. The English officials in Ireland shivered in their boots, and detectives from Scotland Yard were telegraphed for to assist the Castle detectives. They had theories. One was that the avengers came over from England, and that Lord Frederick was deliberately the object of their attack. Another was that Burke, who was the chief instigator of Forster's policy and obnoxious to the nationalists, was the primary victim.

7. Killing of John Kenny at Seville Place railway arch

   Dublin · city · Dublin · 1882–1883

   On the morning of July 4th, 1882, pistol shots were heard under the railway arch in Seville Place, Dublin. John Kenny was found dead on the pavement with seven stabs and four bullet wounds, wearing a belt inscribed 'God save Ireland.' Joseph Poole was later arrested and tried for the murder.

   Read the passage

   Pistol shots were heard under the railway arch in Seville Place, Dublin, on the morning of July 4th, 1882, and persons that passed immediately before the firing overheard three men disputing. When the weapons were discharged two of the men ran away, and the third fell lifeless to the pavement. The body was recognized as that of John Kenny. On the remains was found a belt with the inscription " G-od save Ireland." The body had seven stabs and four bullet wounds. Kenny had been previously fired at. Joseph Poole and two others were arrested shortly after, and Poole was held for trial, while the other two were discharged. Subsequently several more arrests were made of parties suspected, but these men w^ere also discharged. On September 19th, 1882, McCaffrey, Poole and Carey, who had been under arrest for the killing of Kenny, were released from custody. Poole was re-arrested on l^ovember 28th, on the occasion of the funeral of Detective Cox, and on the 29th was held for trial on a charge of being implicated in the shooting of Cox. On January 4th the trial of Poole was postponed until the next term of the Commission Court.

   At the trial of Invincibles in Dublin, on January 27th, 1883, William Lamie, a brother-in-law of Poole, testified to Poole's being a member of the Vigilance Committee of Fenians which " removed" certain parties. On the 8th of February, P. Dowling was convicted of the *' removal" of Detective Cox, and sentenced to penal servitude for life. This cleared Poole of that charge. On the 27th of April a printer named Gibney and Eugene Kingston were tried in Dublin on the charge of conspiracy to murder Poole, who was then a Fenian Centre, and who was alleged to have turned informer.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 25

   As the companion tells it

   Dublin, and a morning under a railway arch in Seville Place. On July 4th, 1882, pistol shots rang out there. People passing just before the firing had overheard three men disputing. When the weapons discharged, two of the men ran, and the third fell lifeless to the pavement. The body was recognised as John Kenny. On the remains was a belt bearing the words God save Ireland. He had seven stabs and four bullet wounds. Kenny had been previously fired at. Joseph Poole and two others were arrested shortly after. Poole was held for trial; the other two were discharged. Several more arrests followed of suspected parties, but those men were also discharged. On September 19th, 1882, McCaffrey, Poole and Carey, who had been held for the killing of Kenny, were released. Poole was re-arrested on November 28th, the day of Detective Cox's funeral, and on the 29th was held for trial on a charge of being implicated in the shooting of Cox. On January 4th his trial was postponed until the next term of the Commission Court. At the trial of the Invincibles in Dublin, on January 27th, 1883, William Lamie, a brother-in-law of Poole, testified that Poole was a member of the Vigilance Committee of Fenians which, in Lamie's word, removed certain parties. On February 8th, P. Dowling was convicted of the removal of Detective Cox and sentenced to penal servitude for life. This cleared Poole of that charge. On April 27th, a printer named Gibney and Eugene Kingston were tried in Dublin on the charge of conspiracy to murder Poole, who was then a Fenian Centre and was alleged to have turned informer.

8. Mass arrests of Invincibles in Dublin

   Dublin · city · Dublin · 1883

   On the night of January 11th and morning of January 12th, 1883, twenty-one persons were arrested in Dublin and thrown into jail, including James Carey, Town Councillor. The arrests were part of a government plan following Carey's betrayal of the Irish Invincibles to the Castle authorities.

   Read the passage

   On the night of the 11th and morning of January 12th, 1883, twenty-one persons were arrested in Dublin and thrown into jail. Among the number was James Carey, Town Councillor. Carey, when first arraigned, remarked that ' ^ the conspiracy was on the bench. ' ' Seventeen of the prisoners were secretly examined at a private investigation. Some of them signed depositions, others were not asked to sign, and still others were not sworn. The plot was thus made plain, and it was clear that the latter had been convicted before being tried. Nine days later the men were arraigned in the Police Court, and charged with conspiracy. Great discrimination was exercised by the police in the admission of citizens into the Green Street Court room.

   Few situations could be more impressive than that which was revealed when the prisoners had been placed at the dock and awaited the advent of the first witness. The statement of Marphy, on the part of the Crown, was an exceedingly brief one, and disclosed little or nothing of the specific nature of the charge against the accused beyond what was generally known in that regard. Neither those who filled the body of the court nor the men in the dock had long to wait, however, before something more concrete than was conveyed in the speech of the Crown counsel was developed. Robert F^pyell^ the informer, ^as plaoed in th§ witness-box, As he was

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   Dublin was the scene of a sweeping government crackdown on the night of January 11th and the morning of January 12th, 1883. Twenty-one persons were arrested in the city and thrown into jail. Among them was James Carey, a Town Councillor. When Carey was first arraigned, he remarked that the conspiracy was on the bench. Seventeen of the prisoners were secretly examined at a private investigation. Some of them signed depositions, others were not asked to sign, and still others were not sworn. The plot was thus made plain, and it was clear that the latter had been convicted before being tried. Nine days later the men were arraigned in the Police Court and charged with conspiracy. Great discrimination was exercised by the police in the admission of citizens into the Green Street Court room. When the prisoners had been placed at the dock and awaited the first witness, the situation was striking. The statement of Marphy, on the part of the Crown, was exceedingly brief and disclosed little or nothing of the specific nature of the charge beyond what was generally known. Neither those who filled the body of the court nor the men in the dock had long to wait before something more concrete emerged. Robert Farrell, the informer, was placed in the witness box.

9. Trial of Joseph Brady at Green Street Court-House

   Green Street · street · Dublin

   Joseph Brady was tried at the Green Street Court-House for the murder of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke. The trial featured testimony from multiple informers including Farrell, James Carey, and Joseph Smith, with a packed jury and heavy security. Brady pleaded not guilty and maintained a defiant demeanor throughout the proceedings.

   Read the passage

   When Joseph. Brady was called to the bar on the morning of the 10th, the alleged trial was postponed for twenty-four hours. Dr. Webb Adams, who was assigned to act as counsel for the brave Invincible, declined to conduct the defence, giving as his reason that he was not prepared. Another lawyer named Sullivan was then directed by the bench to assist him. Brady was again placed in the dock on the 11th, when the farce of trial at the Green Street Court-House began. Notwithstanding the fact that it was known that all absentees would be summarily fined one hundred pounds, many of the jurors on the panel failed to appear and respond to their names. The work of swearing in the jury occupied one hour, the counsel for the prisoner having the right to challenge twenty of the number.

   The case for the Crown was opened by a Mr. Porter. He pointed out to the packed jury that the duty they were called upon to perform was one of the most serious that could fall on citizens. Porter described the crime as one of unparalleled atrocity — a crime that had shocked the whole civilized world. He declared that the object of the conspiracy was to remove all whom they regarded as tyrants, probably with the ultimate purpose of forming a republic, of which the four original leaders — Mullett, McCaffrey, Curley, and Carey — would be the leading spirits. He referred to Sheridan's share in the removals as his undertaking to provide arms when there should be a call for them. Brady and men of his class, he said, were among those who were always prepared for murder ; but they were without doubt entirely indifferent as to the ultimate objects of that murder. Brady was at hand when the various ambushes were laid for Forster.

   Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 7

   As the companion tells it

   Green Street Court-House in Dublin is where Joseph Brady stood trial for the murder of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke. When Brady was called to the bar on the morning of the 10th, the trial was postponed for 24 hours. Dr. Webb Adams, assigned to act as counsel for Brady, declined to conduct the defence, saying he was not prepared. Another lawyer named Sullivan was then directed by the bench to assist him. Brady was placed in the dock again on the 11th, and the trial at Green Street Court-House began. Many jurors on the panel failed to appear, though it was known that absentees would be fined 100 pounds. Swearing in the jury took one hour, with counsel for the prisoner having the right to challenge 20 of the number. The case for the Crown was opened by a Mr. Porter. He told the packed jury that their duty was one of the most serious that could fall on citizens. Porter described the crime as one of unparalleled atrocity, a crime that had shocked the whole civilized world. He said the object of the conspiracy was to remove all whom they regarded as tyrants, probably with the ultimate purpose of forming a republic, of which the four original leaders, Mullett, McCaffrey, Curley, and Carey, would be the leading spirits. He referred to Sheridan's share as undertaking to provide arms when there should be a call for them. Brady and men of his class, he said, were among those always prepared for murder, but without doubt entirely indifferent as to the ultimate objects of that murder. Brady was at hand when the various ambushes were laid for Forster.

10. Fitzharris present in Phoenix Park during the murders

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin

    James Fitzharris, known as 'Skin the Goat,' was tried for complicity in the Phoenix Park murders of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke. The judge acknowledged that Fitzharris was in the Park when the murders occurred, though the jury acquitted him of murder due to doubt about his foreknowledge.

    Read the passage

    The car-driver, James Fitzliarris, otherwise known as " Skin tlie Goat," was accused of having taken part in the removals of Cavendish and Bm-ke, on April 30th. He pleaded not guilty. The case for the prosecution was opened by Porter, Attorney^General. He argued that although Fitzharris did not personally stab Burke, yet he was cognizant of the act and was an implement of the murder, as he drove off the assassins. No witnesses were called by the defence. The evidence against Fitzharris was given by informers. Mr. Mclnerney opened the argument for the defence. His address was eloquent. He dwelt on the fact that the accusation that the prisoner was in the Park with a knowledge of the errand of the removals, rested on the evidence of informers alone. Ho particularly pointed out that although Peter Carey swore that the prisoner had recounted the circumstances of the removals to him, his narrative of the executions had differed from ascertained facts. He closed with a pathetic appeal to the jury to restore the poor man to his starving family with a good name, which was his sole possession. The Judge, in charging the jury, pointed out that no evidence had been adduced to show that the prisoner was aware of the plot against Burke before May 5th. The earlier meetings which he had attended, the Judge said, were held to plot against the life of ex-Secretary Forster, and, therefore, had no connection with the charge. The fact was clear that Fitzharris was in the Park when the murders occurred, but if the jury doubted that he was guilty of knowledge of the mission of the men he drove, they were bound to acquit him. After the verdict of acquittal had been rendered, Fitzharris was taken back to jail to await trial on a charge of conspiracy to murder.

    There was much rejoicing in Dublin at the failure of the Britishers to convict poor " Skin the Goat" on the same testimony that had sent other good men to the gallows. He was again brought to the bar on the 15th of May, and after a brief trial was found guilty by

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Phoenix Park, in Dublin. It was in this park, on the 30th of April, that Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke were killed, and a man named James Fitzharris, known as Skin the Goat, stood trial for his part in it. Fitzharris was the car-driver. The prosecution, opened by Porter, the Attorney General, argued that although Fitzharris did not personally stab Burke, he was cognizant of the act and was an instrument of the murder, because he drove the assassins away. No witnesses were called by the defence. The evidence against him came from informers. Mr. McInerney spoke for the defence. He argued that the accusation rested on the evidence of informers alone. He pointed out that Peter Carey had sworn Fitzharris recounted the circumstances to him, but that narrative differed from the ascertained facts. He closed with an appeal to the jury to restore the poor man to his starving family with a good name, which was his sole possession. The judge, in charging the jury, pointed out that no evidence had been adduced to show the prisoner was aware of the plot against Burke before the 5th of May. The earlier meetings he had attended, the judge said, were held to plot against the life of ex-Secretary Forster, and had no connection with the charge. The fact was clear that Fitzharris was in the Park when the murders occurred, but if the jury doubted he was guilty of knowledge of the mission of the men he drove, they were bound to acquit him. The jury acquitted him. There was rejoicing in Dublin at the failure to convict poor Skin the Goat on the same testimony that had sent other men to the gallows. Fitzharris was taken back to jail to await trial on a charge of conspiracy to murder. He was brought to the bar again on the 15th of May, and after a brief trial, was found guilty.

11. Daniel Curley denies presence at Phoenix Park polo ground

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

    Daniel Curley, convicted of the murder of Thomas Henry Burke, protested his innocence at sentencing, specifically denying that he was ever at the polo ground or in Phoenix Park on May 5th, 1882. He challenged the reliability of informers who claimed to have identified him there. He admitted long-standing membership in the Fenian organization but refused to betray associates.

    Read the passage

    The Prisoner. — You will excuse me, my lord, if I say a few words. Since the proceedings commenced I pictured all to myself with reference to identifications made after the imprisonment and the acts of the informers. At the time I was identified all the parties were prepared to identify me. There were twelve or fourteen of us brought into the yard, and I was on the extreme left, and then I was ordered to come and stand in the centre of the line. On another occasion a warden was ordered to stand at the rear of the man — Joe Mullett — for identification. These are the points that are unreasonable. These are the points that I have spoken to counsel on. There are several other, matters that I would wish to remark upon ; but there are other people awaiting their trials, and, of course, to meet the same fate — I expect — not that I fear death ; I never courted it ; I deny the charge ; I say between myself and God this minute that the two men who identified me aa being at the polo ground — no, I nev^y

    46 THE PHCENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 12

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Phoenix Park, 1882 is the year to hold. Daniel Curley stood at his sentencing for the murder of Thomas Henry Burke and protested his innocence. He said he had never been at the polo ground or in the park on May 5th, 1882. He challenged the men who claimed to identify him there. He described being brought into a yard with 12 or 14 others, placed on the extreme left, then ordered to stand in the centre of the line. On another occasion a warden was ordered to stand behind Joe Mullett for identification. Curley called these points unreasonable. He admitted he had long been a member of the Fenian organization, but he refused to betray his associates. He said he did not fear death, though he had never courted it. His words from the record: "I deny the charge; I say between myself and God this minute that the two men who identified me as being at the polo ground — no, I never..." The record breaks off there. He knew other men awaited trial and would not speak further on matters that might reach them.

12. Invincibles arraigned at Green Street Court

    Green Street · street · Dublin · 1883

    Nine days after their arrest, the prisoners were arraigned in the Police Court at Green Street and charged with conspiracy. Great discrimination was exercised by police in admitting citizens into the Green Street Court room, and informer Robert Farrell testified against the men in the dock.

    Read the passage

    On the night of the 11th and morning of January 12th, 1883, twenty-one persons were arrested in Dublin and thrown into jail. Among the number was James Carey, Town Councillor. Carey, when first arraigned, remarked that ' ^ the conspiracy was on the bench. ' ' Seventeen of the prisoners were secretly examined at a private investigation. Some of them signed depositions, others were not asked to sign, and still others were not sworn. The plot was thus made plain, and it was clear that the latter had been convicted before being tried. Nine days later the men were arraigned in the Police Court, and charged with conspiracy. Great discrimination was exercised by the police in the admission of citizens into the Green Street Court room.

    Few situations could be more impressive than that which was revealed when the prisoners had been placed at the dock and awaited the advent of the first witness. The statement of Marphy, on the part of the Crown, was an exceedingly brief one, and disclosed little or nothing of the specific nature of the charge against the accused beyond what was generally known in that regard. Neither those who filled the body of the court nor the men in the dock had long to wait, however, before something more concrete than was conveyed in the speech of the Crown counsel was developed. Robert F^pyell^ the informer, ^as plaoed in th§ witness-box, As he was

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    On the night of January 11th and the morning of January 12th, 1883, twenty-one persons were arrested in Dublin and thrown into jail. Among them was James Carey, a Town Councillor. Nine days later, the men were arraigned in the Police Court at Green Street and charged with conspiracy. Carey, when first arraigned, remarked that "the conspiracy was on the bench." Seventeen of the prisoners had been secretly examined at a private investigation. Some signed depositions, others were not asked to sign, and still others were not sworn. The plot was thus made plain, and it was clear that the latter had been convicted before being tried. Great discrimination was exercised by the police in admitting citizens into the Green Street Court room. When the prisoners had been placed at the dock, the statement of Marphy, on the part of the Crown, was exceedingly brief and disclosed little or nothing of the specific nature of the charge beyond what was generally known. Neither those who filled the body of the court nor the men in the dock had long to wait. Robert Farrell the informer was placed in the witness box.

13. Murder knives recovered from Ringsend Basin

    near Ringsend · street · Dublin

    One of the knives supplied by Sheridan from London for use in the Phoenix Park murders was recovered from Ringsend Basin in Dublin. It was produced in court during Brady's trial so that informer James Carey could identify it as one of the weapons furnished to the Invincibles.

    Read the passage

    James Carey was the next witness. His evidence was the same as he had before given. Upon the conclusion of Carey's direct examination, the court adjourned for the day. Carey's face was flushed while he was giving his evidence. Carey was in the witness-box for an hour and three quarters. Carey became perfectly cool in his demeanor toward the close of his evidence. One of the knives found in Ringend Basin was produced in order that he might identify it as one of those supplied by Sheridan from London.

    On the second day of the hearing Carey was again placed on the witness stand and was cross-examined by counsel for the defence. Carey said that he was promised a pardon before he determined to give evidence against his fellow-conspirators.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 7

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Ringsend, a knife was pulled from the basin and later brought into court. James Carey was the next witness at Brady's trial. His face was flushed while he gave his evidence, and he stood in the witness-box for an hour and three quarters. Toward the close he became perfectly cool in his demeanor. One of the knives found in Ringsend Basin was produced in order that he might identify it as one of those supplied by Sheridan from London. On the second day of the hearing, Carey was placed on the witness stand again and cross-examined by counsel for the defence. Carey said that he was promised a pardon before he determined to give evidence against his fellow-conspirators.

14. Bishop MacEagan hanged at Carrigadrohid by Lord Broghill

    Carrigadrohid · townland · Cork

    An I.R.B. manifesto posted on the walls of Dublin referenced the historical execution of Bishop MacEagan of Ross at Carrigadrohid by Lord Broghill, because the bishop refused to betray his country. The manifesto used this episode to justify the killing of Lord Frederick Cavendish, described as a lineal descendant of Broghill.

    Read the passage

    As to the monster Burke, he had preyed upon the lives and liberties of his countrymen for many years, and has deserved death a thousand times at our hands ; and as to Lord Frederick Cavendish, the lineal descendant of the infamous Lord Broghill, who hanged the gallant and patriotic MacEagan, Bishop of Ross, at Carrigadrohid, because he would not betray his country — his very name stinks in the nostrils of the Irish people by the iniquities of his brother, Lord

    18 TBE PECENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Carrigadrohid, Bishop MacEagan of Ross was hanged by Lord Broghill, because he would not betray his country. Years later, a manifesto posted on the walls of Dublin recalled that killing. It called Lord Frederick Cavendish the lineal descendant of Broghill, and said his very name stinks in the nostrils of the Irish people. The same manifesto said Burke had preyed upon the lives and liberties of his countrymen for years, and deserved death a thousand times.

15. Caffrey declares he was compelled to the Park under pain of death

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin

    Thomas Caffrey, pleading guilty before the court, stated that he did not know what was going to happen until twenty minutes before the murders were committed and that he was bound to go to the Park under pain of death. The Judge declined to assess the truth of the statement but did not rule it wholly untrue.

    Read the passage

    The consequence of pleading guilty was explained to him, but he persisted in his plea. On being asked whether he had anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon him, Caffrey replied in a loud, clear voicCj " All I have got to say, standing on the brink of the grave, is, that I did not know what was going to happen until twenty minutes before the removals were committed. I was bound to go to the Park under pain of death." The Judge in passing sentence said there were no means of judging the truth of the prisoner's statement. He did not decide that it was necessarily wholly untrue.

    Just one month from that day, June 2d, Caffrey was hanged. Although he saved the Crown the trouble of a trial, the Britishers made a distinction between his case and that of Patrick Delaney, who also pleaded guilty, and whose sentence was commuted. Delaney gave information which led to the conviction of Fagan, while Caffrey gave none. Besides, the Crown believed Delaney's story that he intentionally refrained from shooting Judge Lawson.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 17

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park is a place this road passes through. In it, Thomas Caffrey stood before a court and pleaded guilty. The consequences were explained to him, but he persisted. When asked whether he had anything to say before sentence was passed, he replied in a loud, clear voice, standing on what he called the brink of the grave, that he did not know what was going to happen until twenty minutes before the murders were committed. He said he was bound to go to the Park under pain of death. The Judge, passing sentence, said there were no means of judging the truth of the prisoner's statement. He did not decide that it was necessarily wholly untrue. One month from that day, June 2, Caffrey was hanged. He had saved the Crown the trouble of a trial, but a distinction was made between his case and that of Patrick Delaney, who also pleaded guilty and whose sentence was commuted. Delaney gave information that led to the conviction of Fagan. Caffrey gave none. The Crown also believed Delaney's story that he intentionally refrained from shooting Judge Lawson.

16. Patrick O'Donnell of Gweedore, Donegal

    near Gweedore · locality · Donegal · 1883

    Patrick O'Donnell, aged forty-eight, is described as a puddler from Gweedore, County Donegal. The section sketches his restless life as an emigrant who fought in the American Civil War, invested in mines and Fenian bonds, owned a pub in Canada, and repeatedly returned to Ireland before departing Donegal for South Africa in June 1883.

    Read the passage

    Patrick O'Donnell, aged forty-eight years, a puddler of Gwedore, Donegal, had certainly a strange and eventful history. Illiterate, ordinarily inoffensive, a soldier in the American Civil War, thrifty, so that he became an investor in the Pennsylvania silver mines ; deprived by misfortune of the fruits of his thrift, the owner of a public-house in Canada, and again the possessor of a small fortune ; an investor of Fenian bonds, and ouce more left poor hj commercial failure ; a returning emigrant to his native country ; then over to Scotland and the inmate of a hospital in Edinburgh ; from thence a roamer a second time to the American continent, for which he had taken the oath of citizenship in 1879, and a restless traveller back to Ireland in the beginning of June, 1883. These are the heads of the first half of his career. The second half opens as he leaves Donegal at the close of the same month for South Africa. Upon the same day a woman with seven children — three boys and four girls — take steerage passage for Natal in the same vessel under the name of Power. She was in reality Mrs. Carey, and the children include that extraordinary youth, Thomas Francis Carey, of whom Denman said that he was

    86 THE PHCENIX PARE PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    Gweedore in Donegal was the home of a man called Patrick O'Donnell, a puddler by trade, forty-eight years old, and the shape of his life was strange. He could not read or write. He was ordinarily inoffensive, and he was thrifty. He served as a soldier in the American Civil War. His thrift let him invest in the Pennsylvania silver mines, but misfortune stripped the fruits of that away. He owned a public house in Canada, and came into a small fortune again. He put money into Fenian bonds, and once more commercial failure left him poor. He returned to Ireland as an emigrant, then went over to Scotland, where he was an inmate of a hospital in Edinburgh. From there he roamed a second time to the American continent, having taken the oath of citizenship in 1879. He was a restless traveller back to Ireland at the beginning of June 1883. That was the first half of his career. The second half opens as he leaves Donegal at the close of the same month for South Africa. On the same day a woman with seven children, three boys and four girls, took steerage passage for Natal on the same vessel under the name of Power. She was in reality Mrs. Carey, and among the children was Thomas Francis Carey.

17. Kelly and companion examine blood-stains in Phoenix Park

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

    A defence witness in Timothy Kelly's trial testified that he accompanied Kelly to Phoenix Park on Sunday, May 7th, the day after the Cavendish and Burke killings, and that both examined blood-stains on the ground there. This was offered as evidence supporting Kelly's alibi.

    Read the passage

    Carey was the main witness. For the defence Kelly's brother was the first witness. He testified in support of the claim of an alibi, that he was in the company of the prisoner on the 6th of May, at the time the killing occurred. The defence called four friends of Kelly, all of whom swore unbrokenly that the prisoner was in their company at the time Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke were slain. One of the witnesses called by the defence to prove an alibi testified that he went to Phoenix Park with Kelly on Sunday, May Yth (the day after the removals), and that both of them made an examination of the blood-stains on the ground. The jury, after remaining out some little time, returned to the court-room and announced that they were unable to agree, and were discharged. Three days after, Kelly's second trial began. The alibi was re-proved, and in addition a man named Glyn, who identified Carey at the inquiry in Kilmainham Court-House as a man whom he saw in Phoenix Park on May 6th, testified that he saw four men in the park on the evening of that day, but Kelly was not one of them. Mr. Charles McGowan, who some years ago contested a seat in the House of Commons for the County Leitrim, was also called as a witness for Kelly. His evidence also went to prove an alibi. Altogether fifteen witnesses testified in favor of the prisoner's claim of an alibi. The Judge, in s^mming up the Bext day, nevertheless, spoke most strongly and warmly against the?

    58 THE PECENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park was at the centre of a courtroom story in 1882. Timothy Kelly stood trial after the killing of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke on May 6th. The defence said Kelly was elsewhere when the murders happened, and called fifteen witnesses in all to support that claim. Kelly's brother testified first, saying he was with the prisoner at the time of the killings. Four friends of Kelly swore the same thing, unbrokenly. One of those defence witnesses told the court that he went to Phoenix Park with Kelly on Sunday, May 7th, the day after the killings, and that both of them examined the blood-stains on the ground. This was offered as proof that Kelly had not been in the park the day before, when the killings took place. The jury could not agree, and was discharged. Three days later, Kelly's second trial began. The alibi was re-proved. A man named Glyn, who had identified Carey at the inquiry in Kilmainham Court-House as someone he saw in Phoenix Park on May 6th, testified that he saw four men in the park that evening, but Kelly was not one of them. Mr. Charles McGowan, who had contested a seat in the House of Commons for County Leitrim, also gave evidence for Kelly, going to prove the alibi.

18. Alibi witness places Brady on Dominick Street

    Dominick Street · street · Dublin · 1882

    A clerk named Kennedy testified at Joseph Brady's trial that he spoke to Brady, accompanied by a girl, on Dominick Street in Dublin between five and seven o'clock on the evening of May 6th—the date of the Phoenix Park assassinations. Kennedy recognized Annie Meagher, who had testified she was with Brady that evening, as the girl in question.

    Read the passage

    On the third day of the trial a clerk named Kennedy was placed on the stand. He swore that he spoke to Brady, who was accompanied by a girl, on Dominick Street, between five and seven o'clock on the evening of May 6th last, the date of the Phoenix Park removals. He recognized Annie Meagher, who testified that she was with Brady on that evening, as the girl in question. Witness said he also met Brady on the following day. Upon the conclusion of Kennedy's testimony the defence announced that they would call no other witnesses.

    Dr. Webb, counsel for the prisoner, said he begged to submit his respectful protest against any evidence being allowed in this case which would bear upon the existence of a conspiracy prior to May 3d, even though evidence were excluded by that means which would throw light on a plot existing before that date to remove

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    This is Dominick Street in Dublin, where a clerk named Kennedy said he spoke to Joseph Brady on the evening of May 6th, 1882. Kennedy testified at Brady's trial that Brady was accompanied by a girl, and that the conversation took place between five and seven o'clock. May 6th was the date of the Phoenix Park assassinations. Kennedy recognized Annie Meagher as the girl. She had already testified that she was with Brady that evening. Kennedy also said he met Brady the following day. When Kennedy's testimony ended, the defence announced they would call no other witnesses. Dr. Webb, counsel for the prisoner, said he

19. Assassins' escape route via Island Bridge gate

    near Islandbridge · population centre · Dublin · 1882

    Carey testified that after witnessing the assassination he made for the Island Bridge gate of Phoenix Park. He noted the time was seventeen minutes past seven when he left the men and the transaction was over by twenty minutes past seven.

    Read the passage

    Q. What gate of the Park did you then make for ? A. The Island Bridge gate. It was seventeen minutes past seven o'clock when I was leaving the men ; the whole transaction was over by twenty minutes past seven. When I left the pathway I looked at my watch.

    Q. Was Curley at your house that night ? A. He was ; about half-past eight. I was not there. I met him about nine o'clock at night, at the corner of Holies Street.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Islandbridge sits along the road where Carey fled after the assassination in 1882. He testified he made for the Island Bridge gate of Phoenix Park. It was 17 minutes past 7 when he was leaving the men, and the whole transaction was over by 20 past 7. He looked at his watch when he left the pathway. That night Curley came to his house about half-past 8. Carey was not there. He met Curley about 9 at the corner of Holies Street.

20. Daniel O'Donnell's letter from Letterkenny on brother Patrick's execution

    Letterkenny · town · Donegal

    Daniel O'Donnell wrote from Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, thanking the Irish World and American supporters for funding Patrick O'Donnell's legal defence. He described visiting Patrick twice at Newgate after his conviction, noting his brother's marvellous resignation and fortitude, and relayed Patrick's last words: 'God save Ireland and prosper the United States!'

    Read the passage

    *' I visited Patrick at Newgate twice after his conviction, and his resignation and fortitude under the circumstances were marvellous. He himself never for a moment expected a suspension of the sentence. My brother also told me that the ofiicials used to tamper with him in Millbank, but all their artifices would elicit nothing from him.

    **He was always exhorting me to bear the coming ordeal with firmness and composure. He never shrank the least, not even on his passage from the cell to the scaffold. Whenever I mentioned to him the strenuous efforts the Americans made to have him get at least * a fair trial,' and if possible acquitted, he appeared a little moved, which was the only time he betrayed any symptoms of the kind. He knew he would hang, and he said his sacrifice might be an incentive to arouse the Irish to a sense of their duty.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 41

    As the companion tells it

    Letterkenny in Donegal is where Daniel O'Donnell wrote to thank the Irish World and Americans for funding Patrick's defence. He visited Patrick twice at Newgate after conviction. Patrick was always exhorting him to bear the ordeal with firmness, never shrinking on his passage from cell to scaffold. When Daniel mentioned Americans' strenuous efforts to secure him a fair trial, Patrick appeared a little moved, the only time he betrayed such symptoms. He knew he would hang, and said his sacrifice might arouse the Irish. His last words were, "God save Ireland and prosper the United States."

21. Ennis police shoot-on-suspicion circular

    Ennis · town · Clare · 1882

    A police circular issued at Ennis in March 1882 ordered policemen escorting Mr. C. Lloyd to shoot any person on mere suspicion of an attempted assassination, with a promise of exoneration for errors. Chief Secretary Forster publicly approved and defended these orders in the House of Commons on 19 April 1882. The text frames this as part of a broader scheme of coercion against the starving Irish people.

    Read the passage

    Ennis, March 4, 1882. ** As there is good reason for the belief that every possible means will be used to assassinate Mr. C. Lloyd, it behooves the men (the policemen) of this county to be on the alert to prevent it. Men proceeding on his escort should be men of great determination as well as of steadiness, and even on suspicion of an attempt should at once use their firearms to prevent the hare possibility of an att-empt on that gentleman's life. If men should accidentally commit an error in shooting any person on suspicion of the person being about to commit murder, I shall exonerate him by coming forward and producing this document. H. Smith,

    ** First County Inspector."

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    In the town of Ennis, in March 1882, a police circular was issued. It warned that every possible means would be used to assassinate Mr. C. Lloyd. The order told policemen on his escort to be men of great determination and steadiness, and even on suspicion of an attempt to at once use their firearms. If a man accidentally shot any person on suspicion, the document said, "I shall exonerate him by coming forward and producing this document." It was signed H. Smith. Chief Secretary Forster publicly approved and defended these orders in the House of Commons on 19 April 1882. The book calls it part of a broader scheme of coercion against the starving Irish people.

22. Green Street Court-House trial of the Invincibles

    Green Street · street · Dublin · 1883

    Joseph Brady, Timothy Kelly, Patrick Delaney, Thomas Caffrey, and James Fitzharris were accused of participating in the Phoenix Park removals, and were brought to the Green Street Court-House for trial. Others including the Hanlons, Maroney, Fagan, and Mullett were also indicted.

    Read the passage

    After mature deliberation on the part of the Dublin Grand Jury they found " true" bills against the Irish Invincibles on the 9th of April. Joseph Brady, Timothy Kelly, Patrick Delaney, Thomas Caffrey, and James Fitzharris, also known as " Skin the Goat," were accused of having participated in the Phoenix Park removals. Joseph and Lawrence Hanlon, William Maroney, Michael Fagan, and Joseph Mullett were also indicted for having done their duty to their country. They were conveyed from Kilmainham Prison to the Green Street Court-House at nine o'clock that morning. The government felt rather afraid that friends of the prisoners would attempt their rescue, suspicious-looking men, believed to be Americans, having been seen in Phoenix Park and other parts of Dublin for several days.

    The court-house was besieged by crowds of persons eager to gain admission. The authorities, however, only admitted the jurors called in the case and fifty reporters, and they were let into the building at an early hour. "Justice" O'Brien took his seat on the bench at fifteen minutes past eleven o'clock, when the work of swearing in the Grand Jury was proceeded with. Mallon, the chief of the detectives, and a few privileged spectators were also present. The prisoners were escorted by a whole troop of dragoons.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    This is Green Street Court-House, where the Irish Invincibles were brought to trial in 1883. On the 9th of April the Dublin Grand Jury found true bills against them. Joseph Brady, Timothy Kelly, Patrick Delaney, Thomas Caffrey, and James Fitzharris, also known as Skin the Goat, were accused of having participated in the Phoenix Park removals. Joseph and Lawrence Hanlon, William Maroney, Michael Fagan, and Joseph Mullett were also indicted. They were conveyed from Kilmainham Prison to the court-house at nine o'clock that morning. The government feared that friends of the prisoners would attempt a rescue. Suspicious-looking men, believed to be Americans, had been seen in Phoenix Park and other parts of Dublin for several days. The court-house was besieged by crowds eager to gain admission, but the authorities let in only the jurors and fifty reporters. Justice O'Brien took his seat on the bench at fifteen minutes past eleven, and the work of swearing in the Grand Jury began. Mallon, the chief of the detectives, was present, and the prisoners were escorted by a whole troop of dragoons.

23. Cab escape past Gough statue toward Phibsborough

    Phibsborough · street · Dublin · 1882

    Curley told Carey that after the assassination the conspirators drove their cab straight down to the Gough statue in Phoenix Park, then turned the corner toward Phibsborough and the Constabulary Barracks. The man on the velocipede followed them and was covered by revolvers from the men in the cab.

    Read the passage

    Q. Did he tell you what way they drove in the cab ? A. He said they drove down straight to the Gough statue. The man on the velocipede went driving down after them. He was covered with the revolvers by the men in the cab, and they turned the corner toward Phibsborough. The cab turned toward the Constabulary Barracks.

    The Clerk — The cab, you say, turned up toward Phibsborough ? A. They got out there, and went to the Express office, and put a card in under the letter-box, stating how it was done. Curley did.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    A Dublin street, Phibsborough. In 1882, Curley told Carey what happened after the assassination. The conspirators drove their cab straight down to the Gough statue. A man on a velocipede followed after them, and the men in the cab covered him with their revolvers. They turned the corner toward Phibsborough, and the cab turned toward the Constabulary Barracks. They got out there and went to the Express office, where Curley put a card in under the letter-box, stating how it was done.

24. Carey pointed out victims in Phoenix Park

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin

    James Carey, a Dublin builder and member of secret societies, was revealed as one of the actors in the Phoenix Park murders. After turning informer to save himself, he went into the Park itself to point out where his victim had been struck.

    Read the passage

    to show that James Carey was a cruel and treacherous man, who, finding a man who had detected him, would not hesitate to make a show of violence at least, even if he did not actually put it in force. Inspector Mallon had said in the box that James Carey through all his acts had taken care to protect his own skin, and when he found himself face to face with one of his own countrymen who had named him he would not have hesitated, coward as he was, to shoot the man, particularly as he would have known under the circumstance that he could do so with practical impunity. He wanted to make out that as soon as the mask was torn from his face that Carey became a desperate man. That the man was utterly regardless of human life was shown by the part he took in the Phoenix Park murders. Unhappily grave crimes had stained the soil of Ireland, but none so grave as that ; but no one dreamt that James Carey, the Dublin builder, the Christian man, the member of secret societies, was one of the actors in that awful tragedy. Carey was afterward arrested, with others, but was taken from the dock to give evidence for the Crown. He could imagine a case of a man who became penitent after committing a great crime and gave evidence, but that was not the case with Carey, who only became an informer to save his own neck. From first to last he did not show a particle of regret for what he had done ; on the contrary, he seemed to glory in it, and refused to call it murder, saying it was that simply '' removal." In the Park itself he went to point out his victim. That man had to flee the country, execrated by all, for a viler thing never assumed human form. He left the country unpardoned by his Queen and unforgiven by his God, his hand against every man and every man's conscience against him. Such a man would not hesitate to use a deadly weapon upon provocation, however slight. It might be said that all this went to show that it would be more likely that a man like O'Donnell should have taken Carey's life. He wished to meet that fairly and fully. He agreed that it would be so, but the jury must bring their own common-sense to bear, and ask themselves whether a man with deadly intentions would not, in the selection of time and place, have shown some desire to shield himself from the consequences of his act. Did it appear hkely that without any previous quarrel or disturbance,

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park, Dublin, was the scene of one of the gravest crimes ever to stain the soil of Ireland. No one dreamt that James Carey, the Dublin builder, a member of secret societies, was one of the actors in that awful tragedy. Inspector Mallon said that through all his acts Carey had taken care to protect his own skin. He was a coward who, finding himself face to face with a countryman who had named him, would not have hesitated to shoot the man, knowing he could do so with practical impunity. Carey was arrested with others, but was taken from the dock to give evidence for the Crown. He did not become an informer out of penitence. He only turned to save his own neck. From first to last he showed no particle of regret for what he had done. On the contrary, he seemed to glory in it. He refused to call it murder, saying it was simply, in his own word, removal. In the Park itself he went to point out where his victim had been struck. That man had to flee the country, execrated by all, for, as the passage says, a viler thing never assumed human form. He left unpardoned by his Queen and unforgiven by his God, his hand against every man and every man's conscience against him.

25. Crowd gathers on Island Bridge road for Kelly execution

    near Islandbridge · population centre · Dublin · 1883

    On the morning of Timothy Kelly's execution, over fifteen hundred people assembled on Island Bridge road, growing to two thousand before eight o'clock. Mr. Yarian, formerly president of the Prisoners' Aid Society, moved among the crowd asking if there was any hope of reprieve.

    Read the passage

    From an early hour there were more than fifteen hundred persons standing on the left-hand side of Island Bridge road. Prominent among them was Mr. Yarian, of Sherrard Street, who formerly acted as president of the Prisoners' Aid Society.

    Mr. Yarian moved about with the official letter in his hand, asking those who might be supposed to know if there was any hope. No one could afford the slightest chance of hope.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    In 1883, on the morning of Timothy Kelly's execution, Islandbridge saw a crowd gather on the road. From an early hour there were more than 1,500 people standing there. Yarian of Sherrard Street, formerly president of the Prisoners' Aid Society, moved among them with an official letter in his hand, asking those who might be supposed to know if there was any hope. No one could afford the slightest chance.

26. Earl Spencer leaves Viceregal Lodge under military guard

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

    On the day after the Phoenix Park assassinations, Earl Spencer left the Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park under escort of a strong force of royal dragoons to consult with officials at Dublin Castle. He appeared pale and anxious, reflecting the alarm among British officials in Ireland following the killings.

    Read the passage

    On the next day, Sunday, Earl Spencer, under guard of a strong force of royal dragoons, mustered up sufficient courage to leave the Viceregal lodge, and proceeded to the Castle to consult with the other frightened officials. He then looked pale and anxious. While there he appeared pleased at a copy of a Land League manifesto issued from the Westminster Palace Hotel, which had been penned by a friendly hand. . It read :

    To THE People of Ireland : On the eve of what seemed a bright future for our country, that evil destiny which has apparently pursued us for centuries has struck at our hopes another blow which cannot be exaggerated in its disastrous consequences. In this hour of sorrowful gloom we venture to give expression to our profoundest sympathy with the people of Ireland in the calamity that has befallen our cause through this horrible deed, and with those who determined, at the last hour, that a policy of conciliation should supplant that of terrorism and national distrust. We earnestly hope that the attitude and action of the Irish people will slaow to the world that an assassination such as has startled us almost to the abandonment of hope of our country's future is deeply and religiously abhorrent to their every feeling and instinct. We appeal to you to show by every manner of expression that, amid the universal feeling of horror which the assassination has excited, no people feel so deep a detestation of its atrocity, or so deep a sympathy with those whose hearts

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park is a place the road passes through, and in 1882 it was the setting for a moment of fear among the rulers of Ireland. On the day after the Phoenix Park assassinations, a Sunday, Earl Spencer left the Viceregal Lodge in the park under guard of a strong force of royal dragoons. He mustered sufficient courage to make the journey and proceeded to Dublin Castle to consult with the other officials, who were frightened. He looked pale and anxious. While at the Castle, he appeared pleased at a copy of a Land League manifesto issued from the Westminster Palace Hotel, penned by a friendly hand. The manifesto addressed the people of Ireland. It spoke of a blow struck on the eve of what seemed a bright future, a blow whose disastrous consequences could not be exaggerated. It expressed profound sympathy with the people of Ireland in the calamity that had befallen the cause through a horrible deed, and with those who had determined, at the last hour, that a policy of conciliation should supplant terrorism and national distrust. It appealed to the Irish people to show by every manner of expression that, amid the universal horror the assassination had excited, no people felt so deep a detestation of its atrocity, or so deep a sympathy with those whose hearts were stricken.

27. Informer places Edward McCaffrey in Phoenix Park

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin

    During Michael Fagan's trial, informer Joseph Smith testified under oath that Edward McCaffrey was present in Phoenix Park on the evening of May 6th. However, another informer, James Carey, contradicted this by denying he saw McCaffrey there on that occasion.

    Read the passage

    " A Fenian lie lived, and a Fenian he would die," were the firm principles of Michael Fagan, who was called for trial on April 25th. He was also charged with removing Burke. Fagan pleaded not guilty. Messrs. Adams and J. 0' Byrne were assigned by the Court to defend him. Great difficulty was experienced in forming a jury. Seventy-five of the persons called failed to make their appearance, and were fined £100 each. James Carey, the informer, was called to the stand, and testified that he had arranged to stab ex-Secretary Forster after the plot to shoot him had failed. He declared that he wished to remove tyrants, and he believed it was no sin to kill Burke. Joseph Smith, the informer, swore that Edward McCaffrey was in Phoenix Park on the evening of May 6th. James Carey, however, denied that he saw McCaffrey there on that occasion. Counsel for the defence regard the conflict between the two statements as important. The prosecution closed their case, and the case for the defence was opened.

    An alibi was proved by witnesses. "Justice" O'Brien charged the jury. His remarks were to the effect that the testimony given by informers against the prisoner had been fully confirmed by that of other witnesses. The Judge having finished his charge, the jury retired. After a short deliberation they returned and announced that they had found a verdict of guilty against the prisoner. On being asked if he had anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon him, Fagan protested his innocence. He declared that " he was a Fenian, and would die one." The Judge then sentenced him to be hanged on the 28th day of May.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park in Dublin was at the centre of a disputed testimony during Michael Fagan's trial. Fagan was called for trial on April 25th, charged with removing Burke. He pleaded not guilty. Messrs. Adams and J. O' Byrne were assigned by the Court to defend him. Great difficulty was experienced in forming a jury. Seventy-five of the persons called failed to make their appearance, and were fined 100 pounds each. The informer James Carey was called to the stand and testified that he had arranged to stab ex-Secretary Forster after the plot to shoot him had failed. He declared that he wished to remove tyrants, and he believed it was no sin to kill Burke. The informer Joseph Smith swore that Edward McCaffrey was in Phoenix Park on the evening of May 6th. James Carey, however, denied that he saw McCaffrey there on that occasion. Counsel for the defence regarded the conflict between the two statements as important. The prosecution closed their case, and the case for the defence was opened. An alibi was proved by witnesses. Justice O'Brien charged the jury, his remarks to the effect that the testimony given by informers against the prisoner had been fully confirmed by that of other witnesses. The jury retired, and after a short deliberation they returned with a verdict of guilty. Asked if he had anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon him, Fagan protested his innocence. He declared that he was a Fenian, and would die one. The Judge sentenced him to be hanged on the 28th day of May.

28. Assassins leave claim card at newspaper offices

    Phibsborough · street · Dublin · 1882

    After the assassination the conspirators got out near Phibsborough and went to the Express office, where they pushed a card under the letter-box stating the murders were executed by order of the Irish Invincibles. The card was subsequently published in the Irish Times and the Freeman.

    Read the passage

    The Clerk — The cab, you say, turned up toward Phibsborough ? A. They got out there, and went to the Express office, and put a card in under the letter-box, stating how it was done. Curley did.

    Q. The newspaper office ? A. Yes, and the Irish Times next day and the Freeman.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    A newspaper office in Phibsborough was where the conspirators went after the assassination in 1882. They got out near Phibsborough and came to the Express office. Curley pushed a card under the letter-box stating how it was done, that the murders were executed by order of the Irish Invincibles. The card was published the next day in the Irish Times and the Freeman.

29. Ballina police shoot unarmed youths, May 1882

    Ballina · townland · Mayo · 1882

    Drs. Macauley and Darling recorded in May 1882 that Ballina police discharged firearms on unarmed youths, not even on suspicion. This was part of a broader campaign of atrocities committed under 'Buckshot' Forster's orders, with redcoats and police shooting people and crowding dungeons with suspects.

    Read the passage

    Similar instructions were given to the police of the other counties, and as a result, before a month had passed, the long-planned atrocities began. The record made by Drs. Macaulcy and Darling in May, 1882, told a terrible story of an affair, at which the Ballina police, ^'not even on suspicion," used their firearms on unarmed youths. There were other serious outrages committed by ** Buckshot" Forster's orders, and while the red-coats and police were shooting down the people and crowding their dungeons with suspects, certain Land Leaguers were bartering with the tyrants.

    The time for retaliation came at last, and an Irishman rallied his countrymen, not on the O'Connell doctrine, but on the sound princi-/ pie of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." These were the only principles the English really feared. Years before the London Times said :

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballina, in May 1882, the police turned their guns on unarmed youths. The record of it was made by Drs. Macauley and Darling. They noted that the police acted, as the source says, "not even on suspicion." This was no isolated act. It was part of a wider campaign carried out under the orders of a man they called Buckshot Forster. Across the country, redcoats and police were shooting people down and filling their dungeons with suspects. The book that preserves this account says that while all this was happening, certain Land Leaguers were bartering with the tyrants. Then the time for retaliation came. An Irishman rallied his countrymen, not on O'Connell's doctrine, but on the principle of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Those, the book says, were the only principles the English really feared.

30. Fagan's mother from near Mullingar pleads to the Queen

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath

    Michael Fagan's mother, who came from the neighborhood of Mullingar, had sent a letter to the Queen pleading for her son's life before his execution. She was described as walking about aimlessly with Fagan's brother and sister, making no parade of their grief as the crowd waited in the rain.

    Read the passage

    The morning was cold and disagreeable, and rain began to fall a quarter of an hour before the expected signal was run up. Neither was the crowd demonstrative. Fagan's mother, brother, and sister were walking about in an aimless way, making no parade of their grief, and attracting little or no attention. The old woman, who comes from the neighborhood of Mullingar, had, it appears, sent a letter to the Queen asking for her son's life, but she was badly advised in taking a course which could only excite false hopes. From the first there was no hope of reprieve. A strange silence fell on the people as the monster hand of the clock travelled slowly round to eight o'clock. At that hour the dismal death token fluttered on the flagstaff, and a scene like that which took place on the two previous executions followed. All uncovered their heads, and many went down on their knees and prayed all the louder as the rain fell faster.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Mullingar is the town the road brings you through, and it was from this neighbourhood that Michael Fagan's mother came. On the morning of his execution it was cold and disagreeable, and rain began to fall a quarter of an hour before the expected signal. The crowd was not demonstrative. Fagan's mother, brother, and sister were walking about in an aimless way, making no parade of their grief, attracting little or no attention. The old woman had sent a letter to the Queen asking for her son's life, but she was badly advised in taking a course which could only excite false hopes. From the first there was no hope of reprieve. A strange silence fell on the people as the hand of the clock travelled slowly round to eight o'clock. At that hour the death token fluttered on the flagstaff. All uncovered their heads, and many went down on their knees and prayed all the louder as the rain fell faster.

31. Glyn identifies Carey at Kilmainham Court-House inquiry

    Kilmainham · townland · Dublin · 1882–1883

    A man named Glyn, who had identified James Carey at an inquiry in Kilmainham Court-House as someone he saw in Phoenix Park on May 6th, testified at Kelly's second trial that he saw four men in the park that evening but Kelly was not among them.

    Read the passage

    Carey was the main witness. For the defence Kelly's brother was the first witness. He testified in support of the claim of an alibi, that he was in the company of the prisoner on the 6th of May, at the time the killing occurred. The defence called four friends of Kelly, all of whom swore unbrokenly that the prisoner was in their company at the time Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke were slain. One of the witnesses called by the defence to prove an alibi testified that he went to Phoenix Park with Kelly on Sunday, May Yth (the day after the removals), and that both of them made an examination of the blood-stains on the ground. The jury, after remaining out some little time, returned to the court-room and announced that they were unable to agree, and were discharged. Three days after, Kelly's second trial began. The alibi was re-proved, and in addition a man named Glyn, who identified Carey at the inquiry in Kilmainham Court-House as a man whom he saw in Phoenix Park on May 6th, testified that he saw four men in the park on the evening of that day, but Kelly was not one of them. Mr. Charles McGowan, who some years ago contested a seat in the House of Commons for the County Leitrim, was also called as a witness for Kelly. His evidence also went to prove an alibi. Altogether fifteen witnesses testified in favor of the prisoner's claim of an alibi. The Judge, in s^mming up the Bext day, nevertheless, spoke most strongly and warmly against the?

    58 THE PECENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kilmainham, a court-house once stood where an inquiry was held. A man named Glyn came to that inquiry and identified James Carey as someone he had seen in Phoenix Park on May 6th. Carey was the main witness in the trials that followed. The trials were for a man named Kelly. At Kelly's first trial, the defence called his brother, who testified that he was with the prisoner on May 6th, at the time the killing occurred. Four friends of Kelly also swore that the prisoner was in their company when Lord Frederick Cavendish and Burke were slain. Another witness said he went to Phoenix Park with Kelly on Sunday, May 7th, the day after, and both of them examined the blood-stains on the ground. The jury could not agree and were discharged. Three days later, Kelly's second trial began. The alibi was proved again. And this time, Glyn, the man who had identified Carey at the Kilmainham inquiry, testified that he saw four men in the park on the evening of May 6th, but Kelly was not one of them. Mr. Charles McGowan, who had contested a seat in the House of Commons for County Leitrim, was also called as a witness for Kelly, and his evidence went to prove the alibi. Fifteen witnesses in all testified in favour of the prisoner's claim of an alibi.

32. Henry Rowles resided at Fishamble Street before arrest

    Fishamble Street · street · Dublin

    Henry Rowles, arrested on suspicion of being an Invincible, had resided with his wife and family at No. 11 Fishamble Street, Dublin. Carey testified that Rowles failed to give a signal near Kings Bridge during an alleged designed attack on Forster.

    Read the passage

    Henry Rowles was arrested on suspicion of being an '' Invincible" and cast into prison. He was. a married man and had resided with his wife and family at No. 11 Fishamble Street, Dublin. Carey swore that he was the man that had failedf to give, near Kings Bridge, the signal on tlie occasion of the alleged designed attack on Forster, On that evidence aloue the honest and industrious tradesman was consigned to a dungeon where he was treated by brutal keepers worse than if he was a mad dog. An indictment of " conspiracy to murder" was found against him. Rowles who had been in good healtli during the earlier part of his imprisonment, on Wednesday, March 14th, 1883, while at exercise in Kilmainham Jail yard, was taken with f aintness, followed by a fit, and at once removed to hospital. Here he received treatment from Dr. Carte, and apparently recovered. On Thursday he got up and went down to the hospital yard and took exercise, but on that night, about ten o'clock, he was again attacked /by fits, which, with short intervals, continued until his death, which, after a series of attacks, took place at seven o'clock Sunday evening, March 18th. Although unable to speak, deceased was, it is believed, sensible to the last, but it is also stated he made no sign or declaration with reference to the charge against him. He was attended daily by Dr. Carte. On Saturday Dr. Little was called in, and Dr. Cahill (stated to be his usual medical attendant) was summoned. The facts of his illness and decease were made known to his family.

    The deceased, who was about forty-five years old, was of medium height and slightly pock-marked. The remains of the unfqrtunate prisoner, who was tortured to death in jail, were regioved to his late residence. On March 21st, the body of the brave ''suspect" was interred in Glasnevin Cemetery.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 23

    As the companion tells it

    Henry Rowles lived at No. 11 Fishamble Street, Dublin, with his wife and family. He was an honest and industrious tradesman, about 45 years old, of medium height and slightly pock-marked. He was arrested on suspicion of being an Invincible and cast into prison. Carey swore that Rowles was the man who had failed to give, near Kings Bridge, the signal on the occasion of the alleged designed attack on Forster. On that evidence alone, Rowles was consigned to a dungeon where brutal keepers treated him worse than a mad dog. An indictment of conspiracy to murder was found against him. During the earlier part of his imprisonment he had been in good health. On Wednesday, March 14th, 1883, while at exercise in Kilmainham Jail yard, he was taken with faintness, followed by a fit, and removed to hospital. Dr. Carte treated him there, and he apparently recovered. On Thursday he got up, went down to the hospital yard, and took exercise. But that night, about 10 o'clock, fits returned. They continued with short intervals until his death, at 7 o'clock Sunday evening, March 18th. He was unable to speak, though believed sensible to the last. He made no sign or declaration regarding the charge against him. Dr. Carte attended him daily. Dr. Little was called in on Saturday, and Dr. Cahill, his usual medical attendant, was summoned. The facts of his illness and death were made known to his family. His remains were removed to his late residence. On March 21st, his body was interred in Glasnevin Cemetery.

33. Carey's testimony on the Phoenix Park assassination of Burke

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

    James Carey testified that on May 5, 1882, he traveled by cab to Phoenix Park, where he met the mysterious figure known as 'Number One' near the Vice-Regal Lodge along with co-conspirators including Daniel Curley, Joe Brady, Patrick Delany, and Thomas Caffrey. The group carried out the assassination of Under-Secretary Burke that day, using a prearranged white handkerchief signal to coordinate the attack.

    Read the passage

    Q. Were you in the Park on the 5th of May ? A. I was. I went there in a cab from my own door at 10.30 a.m.

    Q. Who went with you ? A. Only the driver, Fitzharris.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park, Dublin. On May 5, 1882, James Carey took a cab from his own door at 10:30 in the morning, with only the driver, Fitzharris. In the park he met Number One near the Vice-Regal Lodge, with Daniel Curley, Joe Brady, Patrick Delany, and Thomas Caffrey. A white handkerchief signal coordinated the killing of Under-Secretary Burke.

34. Day of mourning in Dublin for Joe Brady

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1883

    Whit-Monday, May 14th, was observed as a day of mourning throughout Ireland. In Dublin, stores remained closed all day as a quiet expression of sympathy with the Invincibles, and usual festivities were abandoned.

    Read the passage

    May 14th, the day on which Joe Brady died at the hands of the Britishers, was Whit-Monday. It was a day of mourning throughout Ireland, and in consequence the usual festivities were abandoned. The stores in the Irish metropolis were kept closed during the whole of the day. It was a quiet way the people took to let the foreigners know that they sympathized with the Invincibles. The morning opened beautifully, but as it wore on there were occasional showers.

    Fully ten thousand persons, consisting principally of young men of the artisan and shopkeeping classes, gathered on the roadway surrounding Kilmainham prison as early as half past six o'clock, waiting anxiously for the hoisting of the black flag, which was to indicate to the outer world the fall of the drop.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, on May 14th, 1883. Whit-Monday was the day Joe Brady died at the hands of the British. It was observed as a day of mourning throughout Ireland, and the usual festivities were abandoned. The stores in the city stayed closed the whole day. It was a quiet way the people took to let the foreigners know they sympathised with the Invincibles. The morning opened beautifully, but as it wore on there were occasional showers. Fully 10,000 persons, principally young men of the artisan and shopkeeping classes, gathered on the roadway surrounding Kilmainham prison as early as half past six, waiting anxiously for the hoisting of the black flag, which was to indicate to the outer world the fall of the drop.

35. Joseph Mullett's Dublin conspiracy trial

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    Joseph Mullett was tried for plotting the attack on Juror Dennis Field as part of a conspiracy centred in Dublin. Evidence from his diary and financial records showed the conspiracy's operations were confined to Dublin but had nationwide ramifications, and he was sentenced to penal servitude for life.

    Read the passage

    Porter, Attorney-General, in opening the case for the Crown, said that Mullett was charged with planning the attack on Field, and not with personally sharing in it. He stated that he would prove that the prisoner was a leading member of a conspiracy which, though it confined its operations to Dublin, had ramifications throughout the whole country. Porter read extracts from a diary kept by Mullett. One of the entries was an account for arms. The name of Arthur Forrester was attached to it. Forrester was supposed to be a leading Fenian. His wife and mother were witnesses to support the claim of an alibi on the trial of Fagan. A further entry said the government were foolish to bother about the Parnell procession, as the Parnellites were harmless. Porter read a letter from James Mullett, the brother of the prisoner, ordering the latter to make an example of a member of the Emmet band, who, the former said, had turned traitor. Porter commented on the entries in the diary. He said a book noting the cash received and expended had been found in Mullett' s bedroom. It would prove that money had been given by ('' Number One") to James Carey for the purposes of the conspiracy. Other papers found in the prisoner's room contained entries of money received, with initials attached, indicating that it came from Daniel Curley, Joe Brady, Arthur Forrester, Joseph Smith, and Patrick Delaney. Porter read an extract from Mullett's diary, entered September 9th, 1881, in which he implored the assistance of God for a special undertaking. In an entry made September 10th he said he

    64 THE PHGENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 21

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was the centre of a conspiracy that reached every corner of Ireland. Joseph Mullett stood trial here for plotting the attack on juror Dennis Field. The Attorney-General, Porter, told the court that Mullett was charged not with carrying out the attack himself, but with planning it. Porter said he would prove the prisoner was a leading member of a conspiracy whose operations were confined to Dublin, though its ramifications spread through the whole country. Porter read extracts from a diary kept by Mullett. One entry was an account for arms, with the name of Arthur Forrester attached. Forrester was said to be a leading Fenian. His wife and mother had been witnesses to support an alibi at the trial of Fagan. Another entry said the government were foolish to bother about the Parnell procession, as the Parnellites were harmless. Porter read a letter from James Mullett, the prisoner's brother, ordering Joseph to make an example of a member of the Emmet band who, James said, had turned traitor. A book noting cash received and expended had been found in Mullett's bedroom. It showed money given by a figure called Number One to James Carey for the purposes of the conspiracy. Other papers in the room carried initials indicating money from Daniel Curley, Joe Brady, Arthur Forrester, Joseph Smith, and Patrick Delaney. Porter read a diary entry dated September 9th, 1881, in which Mullett implored the assistance of God for a special undertaking. The following day, September 10th, he wrote again. Mullett was sentenced to penal servitude for life.

36. Execution of Daniel Curley at Kilmainham Jail

    Kilmainham · townland · Dublin

    Daniel Curley, identified as a leader of the Irish Invincibles and chairman of the executive four of the Dublin branch, was sentenced to hang at Kilmainham Jail. Crowds of men and women gathered around the jail before dawn on May 18th, and the black flag signaled his execution shortly before eight o'clock.

    Read the passage

    Again, at a few seconds before eight o'clock, on May 18th, the black Hag proclaimed to thousands gathered round Kilmainham Jail that another member of the Invincible Society had been strangled to death by the Britishers.

    The morning broke with all the splendor of a summer day. Groups of men, and many w^omen, before six o'clock took up positions from which a view could be commanded of the dismal signal.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, at Kilmainham Jail, Daniel Curley was hanged on May 18th. He was a leader of the Irish Invincibles and chairman of the executive four of the Dublin branch. Before six that morning, groups of men and women took up positions around the jail. A few seconds before eight, the black flag rose, telling the thousands gathered that another member of the Invincible Society was dead.

37. John Dwyer's arrest and imprisonment at Kilmainham

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1883

    John Dwyer, an Invincible, was taken from his sickbed in Dublin during the late arrests and confined in Kilmainham Prison. His consumptive constitution could not withstand the rigorous discipline; prison physicians pronounced him dying, and he was offered liberty on condition of leaving Ireland. He was released on March 31st and died in exile in Philadelphia a few months later.

    Read the passage

    Poor John Dwyer, taken from off his sick-bed in Dublin during the time of the late arrests there, and hurried to Kilmainham Prison, his constitution did not stand the confinement and rigorous discipline of that jail, and when " the prosecution" saw he was doomed, he was offered his liberty on condition of leaving Ireland and go spend his remaining days on earth in some other land. But,* thank God, his last hours were brightened by the presence of old friends — exiled comrades from home.

    (rod rest your soul, John Dwyer ! and may the foreign sod rest

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    John Dwyer, an Invincible, was taken from his sickbed in Dublin during the late arrests and hurried to Kilmainham Prison in 1883. His consumptive constitution could not withstand the confinement and rigorous discipline of that jail. When the prosecution saw he was doomed, he was offered his liberty on condition of leaving Ireland and spending his remaining days in some other land. He was released on March 31st. His last hours were brightened by the presence of old friends, exiled comrades from home. He died a few months later in Philadelphia.

38. Kenny 'removed' under railway arch, Seville Place

    Seville Place · street · Dublin · 1882

    On the 4th of July, a man named Kenny was 'removed' under the railway arch in Seville Place, Dublin. This was cited during Poole's trial as part of the sequence of violent incidents attributed to the Council faction of the Fenian Brotherhood.

    Read the passage

    war, '^ honorable" according to their conceptions of the case. In a moment of aberration PooJe had been induced to leave the party with which he had hitherto been associated, and had joined the Council party — had joined the party that had adopted means and appliances which not only outraged public sentiments, but which outraged the milder and more constitutional party to which Poole himself had originally belonged. But he soon abandoned the Council party, and it was in evidence that he had fallen out with Daniel Curley, a man whose determined character and ruthless spirit was recorded in the page of history and in the annals of that very court. Poole had been regarded as a deserter, and had become the object of the deadly animosity of, and had been violently attacked by, Daniel Curley and a body of his men. At a subsequent period he was reported to the Vigilance Committee, the object of which was the removal of all obnoxious members. A conspiracy was formed for his death, and his death was considered of importance in order that he might no longer exert his influence to keep the Stephenite party together, and prevent its amalgamation with Curley's party. Now the " affair" in the Park, which occurred on the 6th of May, 1882, was perpetrated by parties, who, in the universal opinion, did not belong to the Stephenite party, but to the Council faction. On the 4th of July Kenny was '^ removed " under the railway arch in Seville Place ; on the 27th and 28th of November Cox, the constable, was killed in Abbey Street. On the 4th of July Poole was arrested, brought before a magistrate and committed, not on this charge, but as a suspect. He remained in prison until the 18th of September. He was arrested for the " removal " of Cox on the 28th of November — arrested for the '' removal " of a man who was killed on the very night by the very persons who were on his (Poole's) own track, in order to '' remove" him. He was kept in prison until the 8th of June, when he was discharged, but as he stepped forth from the Court he was again arrested for the present offence. During all that period Poole was in Kilmainham. They all knew the terrible tragedies that were enacted during the period within the Court and in the prison ; when informer after informer came forward, and when first Brady, then Curley, then Fagan, then Caffrey, then Timothy Kelly;, died QR tll^

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    The 4th of July 1882 is the date tied to Seville Place in Dublin, where a man named Kenny was "removed" under the railway arch. The word "removed" came up at the trial of a man named Poole, and it meant killed. Poole had originally belonged to the Stephenite party, one wing of the Fenian Brotherhood. He left it and joined the Council party, a faction that had adopted means which outraged public sentiment and the milder party Poole came from. He did not stay long. He fell out with Daniel Curley, a man whose determined character and ruthless spirit was recorded in the page of history and in the annals of the court. Poole was regarded as a deserter and became the object of the deadly animosity of Curley and his men. He was reported to a Vigilance Committee, whose object was the removal of all obnoxious members. A conspiracy was formed for his death, because his influence kept the Stephenite party together and prevented its amalgamation with Curley's party. The "affair" in the Park on the 6th of May 1882 was perpetrated by parties who belonged to the Council faction. Then on the 4th of July, Kenny was "removed" under the railway arch in Seville Place. On the 27th and 28th of November, Cox, the constable, was killed in Abbey Street. On the 4th of July, Poole was arrested and committed as a suspect. He remained in prison until the 18th of September. He was then arrested for the "removal" of Cox, a man killed on the very night by the very persons who were on Poole's own track, in order to remove him. He was kept in prison until the 8th of June, when he was discharged, and as he stepped from the Court he was arrested again. During all that period Poole was in Kilmainham.

39. Planned assassination of Forster at Victoria Bridge

    near Victoria Bridge · population centre · Tyrone · 1882

    Carey testified that the Invincibles arranged to assassinate Chief Secretary Forster at the corner of Victoria Bridge in Dublin. The plan was set for the Monday before McMahon was shot in Dorset Street, but Forster escaped by leaving his carriage through another route.

    Read the passage

    Q. Do you recollect the occasion on which a man named McMahon was shot in Dorset Street with a revolver ? A. On the Monday before that day arrangements were made to remove Forster.

    Q. Where was the attack to be made on him ? A. The corner of Victoria Bridge.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Near here is Victoria Bridge. Carey testified that the Invincibles arranged to assassinate Chief Secretary Forster here. On the Monday before McMahon was shot in Dorset Street, arrangements were made to remove Forster at the corner of Victoria Bridge. But Forster escaped by leaving his carriage through another route.

40. Carey surveils Forster on Dame Street and College Green

    Dame Street · street · Dublin · 1882

    Carey described closely following Chief Secretary Forster along Dame Street in Dublin, physically brushing against him, before tracking him into the post office on College Green. This surveillance was part of the Invincibles' repeated efforts to assassinate Forster over four consecutive nights.

    Read the passage

    Q. On Tuesday were you there for the mail boat again ? A. I watched him that evening. I met him in Dame Street ; my arm touched his ; he was accompanied by a tall young gentleman ; they went into the post-oflSce on College Green at five minates to six o'clock — the telegraph office.

    BETRAYED FOR GOLD AND "PROTECTIONS' 27

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Dame Street in Dublin, a main thoroughfare. In 1882 Carey was part of the Invincibles, who spent four nights trying to kill Chief Secretary Forster. On the Tuesday, Carey followed him along Dame Street. His arm touched Forster's. Forster was with a tall young gentleman. They went into the telegraph office at the post office on College Green at five minutes to six o'clock.

41. Dublin rejoicing at Fitzharris acquittal

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    After Fitzharris was acquitted of the murder charge, there was widespread public celebration in Dublin. The crowd saw the acquittal as a victory against the British authorities whose informer testimony had previously sent other men to the gallows.

    Read the passage

    There was much rejoicing in Dublin at the failure of the Britishers to convict poor " Skin the Goat" on the same testimony that had sent other good men to the gallows. He was again brought to the bar on the 15th of May, and after a brief trial was found guilty by

    62 THE PHCENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin saw celebration when Fitzharris, called Skin the Goat, was acquitted. The crowd saw it as a victory against the Britishers, whose informer testimony had sent other good men to the gallows. He was again brought to the bar on the 15th of May, and after a brief trial was found guilty.

42. Lizzie Kearns of Marlborough Street pressured by police

    Marlborough Street · street · Dublin

    A young woman named Lizzie Kearns, living in Marlborough Street, was brought to the detective office where Superintendent Mallon attempted to get her to falsely swear she had witnessed the murder in Seville Place. He offered to release her sweetheart Francis Grundy from prison as an inducement, but she refused.

    Read the passage

    in-law, Lamie, the man that tried to have me murdered, the man that tried to murder others — that is the evidence of another wretch of a man. My counsel has ably depicted him in language that I could not make use of. There are many points my counsel has not brought forward that I wished to have him bring forward. Of course he knows his own reason far better than I do. There is one thing that I would have wished him to have brought forward. That is regarding Superintendent Mallon asking another person for to swear false in this case ; and if they were guilty of asking one party to swear false they have not been backward in asking another. Shortly after my release from under the Coercion Act a young girl of the name of Lizzie Kearns, living in Marlborough Street, was brought down to the detective ofiice by Mr. Eastwood and Mr. Stratford. Mr. Mallon told her he had received information that she was in Seville Place on the night of the murder, and saw the murder committed. The young girl denied it. After she denied it he asked her would she admit being there, if Francis Grundy, her sweetheart, was released from prison. She still refused. He then asked her if Francis Grundy sent her a message out of prison would she swear that she was there to get him out of prison, and he would place Grundy in a position to marry her. Gentlemen of the jury, when Mr. Mallon — when these Crown officials were guilty of that, and got to asking Lizzie Kearns to swear false, they have not been backward in asking Lamie. Gentlemen, 1 didn't deny, when being arrested on the 4th of July, being along with Kenny. I acknowledged going home with Kenny that evening and leaving the place with Kenny that night, so that when I acknowledged that on that occasion, I could not have asked Lamie to get other parties to swear I was elsewhere that night. My lords, I am not accountable if the man who was struck down by my side — which is false — I am not accountable for the death of the man, even though it was a member of my own party which did it. I have been a member of the L'ish Republican Brotherhood since I was eighteen years of age, but never have I been connected with the Vigilance or any secret clubs which may be belonging to the organization. My object was simply to wait until such time as my countrymen would be prepared to strike a blow for independence,

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Lizzie Kearns was a young woman living on Marlborough Street in Dublin. She was brought to the detective office by Mr. Eastwood and Mr. Stratford. Superintendent Mallon told her he had received information that she was in Seville Place on the night of the murder and saw the murder committed. Lizzie denied it. Mallon then asked her whether she would admit being there if Francis Grundy, her sweetheart, was released from prison. She refused. He pressed further, asking whether if Francis Grundy sent her a message from prison, she would swear she had been there to get him out, and he would place Grundy in a position to marry her. She still would not do it. This account comes from a courtroom speech. The speaker told the jury that Crown officials who tried to make Lizzie Kearns swear falsely were not above pressuring others. He named a man called Lamie, whom the prosecution had used against him. The speaker said that when he was arrested on the 4th of July, he did not deny being with Kenny. He acknowledged going home with Kenny that evening and leaving with him that night, so he would have had no reason to ask Lamie to get others to swear he was somewhere else. He told the court he had been a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood since he was 18 years of age, but had never been connected with the Vigilance or any secret clubs belonging to the organization.

43. Fitzharris's starving family mentioned at trial

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    During the defence argument for James Fitzharris, his counsel made a pathetic appeal to the jury to restore the poor man to his starving family, noting that a good name was his sole possession. This highlighted the poverty facing the family of the accused car-driver.

    Read the passage

    The car-driver, James Fitzliarris, otherwise known as " Skin tlie Goat," was accused of having taken part in the removals of Cavendish and Bm-ke, on April 30th. He pleaded not guilty. The case for the prosecution was opened by Porter, Attorney^General. He argued that although Fitzharris did not personally stab Burke, yet he was cognizant of the act and was an implement of the murder, as he drove off the assassins. No witnesses were called by the defence. The evidence against Fitzharris was given by informers. Mr. Mclnerney opened the argument for the defence. His address was eloquent. He dwelt on the fact that the accusation that the prisoner was in the Park with a knowledge of the errand of the removals, rested on the evidence of informers alone. Ho particularly pointed out that although Peter Carey swore that the prisoner had recounted the circumstances of the removals to him, his narrative of the executions had differed from ascertained facts. He closed with a pathetic appeal to the jury to restore the poor man to his starving family with a good name, which was his sole possession. The Judge, in charging the jury, pointed out that no evidence had been adduced to show that the prisoner was aware of the plot against Burke before May 5th. The earlier meetings which he had attended, the Judge said, were held to plot against the life of ex-Secretary Forster, and, therefore, had no connection with the charge. The fact was clear that Fitzharris was in the Park when the murders occurred, but if the jury doubted that he was guilty of knowledge of the mission of the men he drove, they were bound to acquit him. After the verdict of acquittal had been rendered, Fitzharris was taken back to jail to await trial on a charge of conspiracy to murder.

    There was much rejoicing in Dublin at the failure of the Britishers to convict poor " Skin the Goat" on the same testimony that had sent other good men to the gallows. He was again brought to the bar on the 15th of May, and after a brief trial was found guilty by

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    In Dublin, James Fitzharris, a car-driver known as "Skin the Goat," stood trial accused of taking part in the removals of Cavendish and Burke on April 30th. He pleaded not guilty. The prosecution, led by Attorney General Porter, argued that although Fitzharris did not personally stab Burke, he was cognizant of the act and an implement of the murder, as he drove off the assassins. No witnesses were called by the defence. The evidence against him came from informers. McInerney opened the argument for the defence with an eloquent address. He dwelt on the fact that the accusation rested on the evidence of informers alone. He pointed out that although Peter Carey swore the prisoner had recounted the circumstances to him, his narrative of the executions had differed from ascertained facts. He closed with a pathetic appeal to the jury to restore the poor man to his starving family, with a good name, which was his sole possession. The judge pointed out that no evidence had been adduced to show the prisoner was aware of the plot against Burke before May 5th. The earlier meetings he had attended were held to plot against the life of ex-Secretary Forster, and had no connection with the charge. The fact was clear that Fitzharris was in the Park when the murders occurred, but if the jury doubted he was guilty of knowledge of the mission of the men he drove, they were bound to acquit him. After the acquittal, Fitzharris was taken back to jail to await trial on conspiracy to murder. There was much rejoicing in Dublin at the failure to convict poor "Skin the Goat" on the same testimony that had sent other good men to the gallows.

44. Irish Invincibles Dublin branch founded

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    A society of avengers was formed across Ireland, England and Scotland, with its Dublin branch known as the 'Irish Invincibles.' The founder, known only as 'Number One,' possessed courage comparable to William Putnam McCabe of Antrim and Michael Dwyer of Wicklow.

    Read the passage

    In Ireland, England and Scotland, about the period the so-called threatening letters were ascertained beyond doubt to have been written by one British official to another, there was formed a society of avengers, the Dublin branch of which is now known to history as the ' ' Irish Invincibles. ' ' The society was founded by a man possessing, it may justly be said, as much courage and daring as William Putnam McCabe, of Antrim, or Michael Dwyer, of Wicklow, the famous revolutionary missionaries among the people of 1798. He was simply known as " Number One," and until he chooses to reveal his identity no true Irishman will venture to do it for him.

    13 TEE PHQSNIX PARK PATRIOTS,

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was where the Irish Invincibles took shape. Across Ireland, England and Scotland, a society of avengers formed, and its Dublin branch is the one history remembers by that name. This was around the time threatening letters were proven to have been written by one British official to another. The society's founder carried, it may justly be said, as much courage and daring as William Putnam McCabe of Antrim or Michael Dwyer of Wicklow, the famous revolutionary missionaries among the people of 1798. He was known simply as Number One. Until he chooses to reveal his identity, no true Irishman will venture to do it for him.

45. Packed jury system in Phoenix Park trials, Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    An analysis of juries in the Phoenix Park and Field trials revealed systematic packing by the Crown, with the same jurors serving repeatedly across multiple trials and commissions. Of those who convicted, the overwhelming majority were landlords, agents, magistrates, or shopkeepers connected to Castle or landlord interests, with 62 Protestants and 22 anti-National Catholics.

    Read the passage

    In giving the names and summing up the analysis of the Phoenix Park and Field cases the writer says : ''Of the juries that convicted, the overwhelming majority were landlords, agents, magistrates, shopkeepers, or persons directly connected or beholden to Castle or landlord interests. Thirteen served twice, five three times, one four times. Of the total sixty-two were Protestants and twenty-two Catholics — the latter, without exception, being of the anti-National stripe." Continuing the analysis in the eighteen other trials, showing how many times each juror served and the extent to which these juries were packed, the writer says :

    ** The reader will be at once struck by the frequent recurrence of the same names, so frequent as to give to some gentlemen the appearance of being special jurors by profession. The recurrence is not to

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was the setting for the Phoenix Park and Field trials, and the juries that convicted there were packed. The overwhelming majority were landlords, agents, magistrates, shopkeepers, or people directly connected to Castle or landlord interests. 13 jurors served twice, 5 served three times, and 1 served four times. Of the total, 62 were Protestants and 22 were Catholics, every one of them anti-National. The same faces came back again and again across the commissions.

46. Carey's revolver and the Dublin Exhibition

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    Chief Superintendent Mallon of the Dublin police force testified that he handed a revolver to Carey on July 1st. Carey also admitted his intention to send the knives used in the murders as exhibits to the Dublin Exhibition.

    Read the passage

    Witness could not say what the government did. He did not receive a free pardon. Did not hear Carey abuse the government. His own admissions and witness's dealings with him led him to the conclusion that he was a thoroughly desperate man as regarded human life. He swore in men, some of whom were his equal, and he admitted his intention of getting the knives by which the murders were perpetrated sent as exhibits to the Dublin Exhibition.

    Re-examined. — In all his attempts he took particular care of his own life, and but for the evidence he gave he would have been probably condemned. This evidence made him execrated by the Irish people, and special means had to be taken for his protection.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was where Carey meant to send the knives used in the murders, as exhibits to the city's Exhibition. Chief Superintendent Mallon of the Dublin police testified that he handed a revolver to Carey on July 1st. By his own admissions and by his dealings with him, Mallon concluded Carey was "a thoroughly desperate man as regarded human life." Carey swore in men, some of whom were his equal. In all his attempts he took particular care of his own life, and but for the evidence he gave, he would have been probably condemned. That evidence made him execrated by the Irish people, and special means had to be taken for his protection.

47. American visitor examines footprints at Phoenix Park murder site

    Phoenix Park · electoral division · Dublin · 1882

    After the Phoenix Park murders of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Under-Secretary Burke, an American visitor came to Phoenix Park and examined the footprints around the spot where the two men were killed. He claimed to recognize marks of the broad-toed boots commonly worn by Irish-Americans, a theory that endorsed the Pall Mall Gazette's view that American Fenians were responsible.

    Read the passage

    The detectives still continued in pursuit of the removers, who, a postal card had informed them, were Irish Invincibles. They procured a '' valuable" piece of evidence from an American who visited Phoenix Park and scrutinized the footprints around the spot where the Englishman and the anti-Irishman died. He asserted that he distinctly recognized marks of the peculiar broad-toed boot commonly worn by Irish-Americans.

    This theory indorsed the views of the Fall Mall Gazette on the subject. They were as follows :

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Phoenix Park in Dublin, in 1882. After Lord Frederick Cavendish and Under-Secretary Burke were killed, detectives pursued the men a postal card named as the Irish Invincibles. An American visitor came to the park and examined the footprints around the spot where the two died. He claimed he could distinctly recognize marks of the broad-toed boot commonly worn by Irish-Americans. This theory endorsed the views of the Pall Mall Gazette, which held that American Fenians were responsible.

48. Constable Cox killed in Abbey Street

    Abbey Street · street · Dublin · 1882

    On the 27th and 28th of November 1882, Constable Cox was killed in Abbey Street, Dublin. The defense argued Poole was arrested for this killing on the very night Cox died, by persons who were actually tracking Poole himself.

    Read the passage

    war, '^ honorable" according to their conceptions of the case. In a moment of aberration PooJe had been induced to leave the party with which he had hitherto been associated, and had joined the Council party — had joined the party that had adopted means and appliances which not only outraged public sentiments, but which outraged the milder and more constitutional party to which Poole himself had originally belonged. But he soon abandoned the Council party, and it was in evidence that he had fallen out with Daniel Curley, a man whose determined character and ruthless spirit was recorded in the page of history and in the annals of that very court. Poole had been regarded as a deserter, and had become the object of the deadly animosity of, and had been violently attacked by, Daniel Curley and a body of his men. At a subsequent period he was reported to the Vigilance Committee, the object of which was the removal of all obnoxious members. A conspiracy was formed for his death, and his death was considered of importance in order that he might no longer exert his influence to keep the Stephenite party together, and prevent its amalgamation with Curley's party. Now the " affair" in the Park, which occurred on the 6th of May, 1882, was perpetrated by parties, who, in the universal opinion, did not belong to the Stephenite party, but to the Council faction. On the 4th of July Kenny was '^ removed " under the railway arch in Seville Place ; on the 27th and 28th of November Cox, the constable, was killed in Abbey Street. On the 4th of July Poole was arrested, brought before a magistrate and committed, not on this charge, but as a suspect. He remained in prison until the 18th of September. He was arrested for the " removal " of Cox on the 28th of November — arrested for the '' removal " of a man who was killed on the very night by the very persons who were on his (Poole's) own track, in order to '' remove" him. He was kept in prison until the 8th of June, when he was discharged, but as he stepped forth from the Court he was again arrested for the present offence. During all that period Poole was in Kilmainham. They all knew the terrible tragedies that were enacted during the period within the Court and in the prison ; when informer after informer came forward, and when first Brady, then Curley, then Fagan, then Caffrey, then Timothy Kelly;, died QR tll^

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    A street in Dublin, Abbey Street, where Constable Cox was killed on the 27th and 28th of November 1882. The killing came amid a bitter feud between factions. Poole had left the party he was associated with and joined the Council party, but soon abandoned it. He fell out with Daniel Curley, a man whose determined character and ruthless spirit was recorded in the annals of the very court where these events were tried. Poole was regarded as a deserter and became the object of the deadly animosity of Curley and his men. He was reported to the Vigilance Committee, whose object was the removal of all obnoxious members. A conspiracy was formed for his death, because his influence kept the Stephenite party together and prevented its amalgamation with Curley's party. On the 6th of May 1882, the affair in the Park was perpetrated by parties who belonged not to the Stephenite party but to the Council faction. On the 4th of July, Kenny was removed under the railway arch in Seville Place. Then, on the 27th and 28th of November, Constable Cox was killed in Abbey Street. Poole was arrested for the removal of Cox on the 28th of November. The defense argued he was arrested for the killing of a man who died on the very night, by the very persons who were on Poole's own track in order to remove him. Poole had already been arrested on the 4th of July as a suspect and held in prison until the 18th of September. After his arrest for the Cox killing, he was kept in Kilmainham until the 8th of June, when he was discharged, but as he stepped from the court he was arrested again for the present offence. During all that time in Kilmainham, informer after informer came forward, and first Brady, then Curley, then Fagan, then Caffrey, then Timothy Kelly, died.

49. Funeral procession of Henry Rowles through Dublin to Glasnevin

    near Glasnevin Cemetery · graveyard cemetery burial ground · Dublin · 1883

    On March 21, 1883, Henry Rowles's funeral procession of forty carriages proceeded through Dublin streets to Glasnevin Cemetery. The burial service was performed at the Mortuary Chapel and he was buried in the St. Brigid's section, with his widow and eight children present.

    Read the passage

    The deceased, who was about forty-five years old, was of medium height and slightly pock-marked. The remains of the unfqrtunate prisoner, who was tortured to death in jail, were regioved to his late residence. On March 21st, the body of the brave ''suspect" was interred in Glasnevin Cemetery.

    The funeral procession, which consisted of forty carriages and other vehicles, with a large number of people on foot, proceeded up

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 23

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Glasnevin Cemetery, Henry Rowles was buried on March 21, 1883. He was about 45, a prisoner described as a brave suspect, tortured to death in jail. His funeral procession of forty carriages and other vehicles, with many on foot, proceeded through Dublin. His widow and eight children were present. The burial service was at the Mortuary Chapel, and he was buried in the St. Brigid's section.

50. Three arrests of 'corner-boys' at Chapelizod

    near Chapelizod · townland · Dublin · 1882

    After the Phoenix Park killings, detectives made three arrests at the village of Chapelizod of individuals described as being of the 'corner-boy' class. The arrests were characterized as a forced show of progress, as no real clues had been found despite a vigorous search.

    Read the passage

    Notwithstanding that the search by the detectives was a- vigorous one, no progress was made. They sought for a clew, but none could be found. Forced to make some show for their money they, however, made three arrests of the " corner-boy" class at the village of Chapelizod. These prisoners, according to the stories told by their cap-

    "LtlBERTT A SERI0U8 GAME." 15

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around Chapelizod, detectives made three arrests in 1882, after the Phoenix Park killings. The search was vigorous, but no clue could be found. Forced to make some show for their money, they arrested three of what the book calls the "corner-boy" class. The stories told by their captors suggest it was pressure to appear useful, not evidence, that put those men in custody.

51. John B. Johnston of Clyde Road, repeat Phoenix Park juror

    Clyde Road · street · Dublin

    John B. Johnston, residing at 8 Clyde Road in Dublin, served as a juror three times across the Phoenix Park trials, including on Patrick Walsh's first trial which resulted in a disagreement. He is named among the jurors repeatedly selected by the Crown across multiple trial commissions.

    Read the passage

    be accounted for, as miglit be supposed, by the exbaustion of tbe names on the panels, as each commission had two special panels of one hundred names each struck for itself, and the greatest number of trials on any commission was on the first, where there were thirteen, eleven convictions and two disagreements. We have shown that on this commission there were for eleven trials seventeen jurors who served twice, and three jurors who served three times. If a fresh jury had been called for each trial one hundred and thirty-two jurors out of the two hundred on the panels would have served, instead of only one hundred and nine, the same men being put on again and again by the Crown, while ninety-one fresh jurors were still available. On the second commission for five trials, ten jurors served twice, thus reducing the proper number from sixty to fifty, while one hundred and fifty were still available. On the third commission this peculiarity is most striking ; for five trials, seven jurors served twice, and three served three times, reducing the proper number of jurors from sixty to forty-seven, while one hundred and fifty-three were still available. The effect of these figures would be increased if the juries which failed to agree on a verdict were also analyzed, as most of the jurors who served on these served again on trials where convictions were obtained, some of the jurors whose names are contained in this publication having actually served four times. On Patrick "Walsh's first trial, which resulted in a disagreement, all the jurors, except one, had served or did afterward serve on trials which resulted in convictions ; three of them — William Gibson, 14 Lower Ormonde Quay, W. James Halliday, Brookville, Monkstown, and John B. Johnston, 8 Clyde Road — having served in all three times, and one, Francis Johnston, Accountant-General of the Bank of Ireland, having served four times. In addition one juror who served twice during the first commission served a third time on the second. One juror who served once on the first commission served also on the second, and one who served on the second commission served again on the third. Thus instead of two hundred and sixteen jurors for eighteen prisoners, only one hundred and sixty-seven ofiiciated out of eight hundred on the panels.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    A residence on Clyde Road, Dublin, the home of John B. Johnston, number 8. He served as a juror in the Phoenix Park trials, and not just once. The Crown put him on 3 times. The trials had special panels of 100 names each for every commission. The first commission had 13 trials, 11 convictions and 2 disagreements. The Crown reused jurors again and again, even when fresh names were still available. On the first commission, 17 jurors served twice and 3 served 3 times. The second commission showed the same pattern: 10 jurors served twice across 5 trials. The third was the most striking. For 5 trials, 7 jurors served twice and 3 served 3 times, even though 153 fresh jurors remained available. Johnston sat on Patrick Walsh's first trial, which ended in disagreement. On that jury, all except one had served before or would serve again on trials that ended in convictions. Two others served 3 times alongside him: William Gibson of 14 Lower Ormonde Quay and W. James Halliday of Brookville, Monkstown. Francis Johnston, Accountant-General of the Bank of Ireland, served 4 times. Across 18 prisoners, instead of 216 jurors, only 167 served out of 800 on the panels. The Crown called the same men back, even when jurors who had never served were still waiting.

52. P. J. Sheridan of Tubbercurry disguised as a priest

    Tobercurry · town · Sligo

    Carey identified P. J. Sheridan as a man from Tubbercurry, County Sligo, who operated under the disguise of the Rev. Father Murphy. Sheridan was involved in the Invincibles' planning, including discussions about weapons, and subsequently traveled to London after meeting with Carey at a hotel.

    Read the passage

    Q. Did you come subsequently to know a man named P. J. Sheridan, of Tubbercurry ? A. I never knew him.

    Q. And was that the man you were afterward told was P. J. Sheridan ? A. It was.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Tobercurry in County Sligo was the home of P. J. Sheridan. Carey later identified him as the man who disguised himself as the Reverend Father Murphy and moved in Invincible circles, talking of weapons, then travelling to London after meeting Carey at a hotel.

53. W. James Halliday of Monkstown, repeat Phoenix Park juror

    Monkstown · townland · Dublin

    W. James Halliday, residing at Brookville, Monkstown, served as a juror three times across the Phoenix Park trials, including on Patrick Walsh's first trial. He is cited alongside two other repeat jurors as evidence of the Crown's systematic reuse of the same men across multiple trials.

    Read the passage

    be accounted for, as miglit be supposed, by the exbaustion of tbe names on the panels, as each commission had two special panels of one hundred names each struck for itself, and the greatest number of trials on any commission was on the first, where there were thirteen, eleven convictions and two disagreements. We have shown that on this commission there were for eleven trials seventeen jurors who served twice, and three jurors who served three times. If a fresh jury had been called for each trial one hundred and thirty-two jurors out of the two hundred on the panels would have served, instead of only one hundred and nine, the same men being put on again and again by the Crown, while ninety-one fresh jurors were still available. On the second commission for five trials, ten jurors served twice, thus reducing the proper number from sixty to fifty, while one hundred and fifty were still available. On the third commission this peculiarity is most striking ; for five trials, seven jurors served twice, and three served three times, reducing the proper number of jurors from sixty to forty-seven, while one hundred and fifty-three were still available. The effect of these figures would be increased if the juries which failed to agree on a verdict were also analyzed, as most of the jurors who served on these served again on trials where convictions were obtained, some of the jurors whose names are contained in this publication having actually served four times. On Patrick "Walsh's first trial, which resulted in a disagreement, all the jurors, except one, had served or did afterward serve on trials which resulted in convictions ; three of them — William Gibson, 14 Lower Ormonde Quay, W. James Halliday, Brookville, Monkstown, and John B. Johnston, 8 Clyde Road — having served in all three times, and one, Francis Johnston, Accountant-General of the Bank of Ireland, having served four times. In addition one juror who served twice during the first commission served a third time on the second. One juror who served once on the first commission served also on the second, and one who served on the second commission served again on the third. Thus instead of two hundred and sixteen jurors for eighteen prisoners, only one hundred and sixty-seven ofiiciated out of eight hundred on the panels.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Monkstown, a man named W. James Halliday lived at Brookville. He served as a juror in the Phoenix Park trials, and his name survives because of how often the Crown called on him. The trials ran across three commissions. Each commission had two special panels of 100 names struck for it. The Crown had plenty of names to draw from, yet the same men were put on jury after jury. On the first commission, for 11 trials, 17 jurors served twice and 3 served three times. On the second, for 5 trials, 10 jurors served twice. On the third, for 5 trials, 7 served twice and 3 served three times. Each time, large numbers of fresh jurors remained available but were not used. On Patrick Walsh's first trial, the jury could not agree on a verdict. Nearly every juror on that panel had served, or would afterward serve, on trials that ended in convictions. Three of them served three times in all: William Gibson of 14 Lower Ormonde Quay, W. James Halliday of Brookville, Monkstown, and John B. Johnston of 8 Clyde Road. A fourth, Francis Johnston, Accountant-General of the Bank of Ireland, served four times. Across 18 prisoners, 216 jurors should have been needed. Instead, only 167 served, drawn from 800 names on the panels. The Crown reused the same men again and again, and Halliday was one of them.

54. James Carey sworn into the Invincibles in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1881

    In November 1881, a man named Walsh visited James Carey's house in Dublin to recruit him for the Irish Invincibles. Carey took an oath and became one of the four founding members of the organization in the city.

    Read the passage

    Q. Did this man, "Walsh, tell you what the object of his visit to Dublin was ? A. Yes. The establishment of the Invincibles,

    Q. Did he tell you whether or not any names had been submitted to him ? A. Yes, four.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    In November 1881, a man named Walsh came to James Carey's house in Dublin. He told Carey the object of his visit was the establishment of the Invincibles. Four names had been submitted to him. Carey took an oath and became one of the four founding members of the organization in the city.

55. O'Donnell's career traced through Donegal

    Donegal · town · Donegal · 1883

    During Patrick O'Donnell's trial, defense counsel Mr. Russell stated that the Crown's detective power had followed O'Donnell's career through the wilds of Donegal and in America, seeking to expose the life and incidents of the prisoner. This establishes O'Donnell's association with Donegal as part of his background prior to his passage to South Africa.

    Read the passage

    to show and demonstrate the utter groundlessness and falsity of such a suggestion. They knew the resources of the Crown, legal and detective, and it would be the duty of the Crown, which they would fail in, if having any evidence of premeditation on the part of Patrick O'Dormell, they did not bring it forward. No one could doubt they had discharged their duty, and he was justified in asking the jury to believe that the Crown, with their great detective power, had followed the career of Patrick O'Donnell through the wilds of Donegal and in America, to expose from beginning to end the life and incidents of the hf e of the prisoner down to the moment of his taking his passage to South Africa. They would have explained, if they could have done, the statement irresponsibly put forward that he knew Carey was to be a passenger on the Kinfauns Castle. He put this forward because the Crown had finally come to the conclusion that O'Donnell never knew until he got to the Cape that his fellow-passenger was James Carey. Why was it, how came it, that irresponsible writers and purveyors of news came to give this statement —

    The Judge. — This is going a little too far, and is not, I think, in the interests of the prisoner. Surely the jury may be trusted not to beUeve anything except what is before them. You are commenting on something that is not in evidence.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 34

    As the companion tells it

    Donegal is a town the road takes you through on this stretch. In 1883, at the trial of Patrick O'Donnell, his defense counsel, a Mr. Russell, told the jury something about this place. He said the Crown, with its great detective power, had followed the career of Patrick O'Donnell through the wilds of Donegal and in America, seeking to expose from beginning to end the life and incidents of the prisoner, down to the moment he took his passage to South Africa. Russell was arguing that if the Crown had found any evidence of premeditation, they would have brought it forward, and the jury should trust that. He then turned to a claim made by certain writers, that O'Donnell knew James Carey was to be a passenger on the Kinfauns Castle. Russell said the Crown had concluded that O'Donnell never knew until he reached the Cape that his fellow passenger was James Carey. At that point the judge interrupted. He told Russell this was going a little too far and was not in the interests of the prisoner. The judge said the jury could be trusted to believe nothing except what was before them, and that Russell was commenting on something not in evidence.

56. I.R.B. manifesto posted on Dublin walls defends executions

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1882

    A manifesto from the Executive of the I.R.B. was posted on the walls of Dublin defending the Phoenix Park killings and denouncing Parnell's parliamentary agitation. It cited the wholesale evictions of the Duke of Devonshire, which drove thousands to the poorhouse, exile, and death, and called for general amnesty for Irish prisoners.

    Read the passage

    Parnell and a few of his followers denounced the '* removals'' until the following manifesto, posted on the walls of Dublin, informed them of the true character of the alleged ** friendly stranger. ' '

    "GOD SAVE IRELAND."

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    In 1882, a manifesto from the I.R.B. Executive was posted on Dublin's walls, defending the Phoenix Park killings and denouncing Parnell's parliamentary agitation. It cited the wholesale evictions of the Duke of Devonshire, which drove thousands to the poorhouse, exile, and death, and called for general amnesty for Irish prisoners. The words "God save Ireland" closed it.

57. Carey's final meeting with Number One at Blackrock Station

    Blackrock · townland · Dublin · 1882

    About the end of September or October 1st, Carey had his last interview with the man known as 'Number One' at Blackrock Station. Number One wanted Carey to account for the finding of certain articles, but Carey told him he knew nothing about it.

    Read the passage

    Q. Where had you the interview with him ? A. At Blackrock Station.

    Q. He wanted you to account for the finding of certain articles f

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around Blackrock, in 1882, about the end of September or the first of October, Carey had his last interview with the man called Number One. It was at the station. Number One wanted Carey to account for the finding of certain articles. Carey told him he knew nothing about it.

58. Mock funeral at Derrybeg for Patrick O'Donnell

    near Derrybeg · town · Donegal · 1884

    On 24 January 1884, a large gathering of peasantry assembled at Derrybeg, County Donegal, the birthplace of Patrick O'Donnell, to celebrate mass for the repose of his soul after his execution. A mock funeral followed with a coffin placed in the O'Donnell family burial plot, surrounded by kneeling people and wreaths of immortelles.

    Read the passage

    An immense concourse of peasantry assembled on January 24th, 1884, at Derrybeg, County Donegal, birthplace of Patrick O'Donnell,

    114 TEE PHCENIX PARK PATRIOTS.

    Internet Archive historyofphoenix00corr, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Derrybeg, in Donegal, is the birthplace of Patrick O'Donnell. On 24 January 1884, an immense concourse of peasantry assembled here. They came to celebrate mass for the repose of his soul after his execution. A mock funeral followed, with a coffin placed in the O'Donnell family burial plot, surrounded by kneeling people and wreaths of immortelles.