History of Sligo, county and town, from the close of the Revolution of 1688 to the present time

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. 1777 Sligo-to-Boyle road route via Ballysadare

   Ballysadare · townland · Sligo · 1777

   An 1777 itinerary shows the road from Sligo to Boyle following a high level past Oakfield and joining the present line at Ballysadare village. This route, still in use as a by-road, roughly followed the direction of the modern highway.

   Read the passage

   In an itinerary made in the year 1777 the road from Sligo to Boyle is shown as following a high level, passing near Oakfield, and debouching on the present line at the village of Ballysadare, from whence it took very much the same direction as the present highway. It is still in use as a by-road.

   Possibly what is known as the lower road from Sligo to Balliua, along the sea-shore in the barony of Tireragh, occupies

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 98

2. Artisans' Dwellings built on Cadgers' Field, Sligo

   near Emmet Place · street · Waterford · 1886–1888

   Sligo Town Council built Artisans' Dwellings on the site known as the 'Cadgers' Field,' purchased for £500 from Mr. Ashley. A £3,000 grant from the Commissioners of Public Works was received in March 1886, and on 22nd February 1888 the site was formally re-named 'Emmet-place.'

   Read the passage

   Artisans' Dw^ellings have been built by the Town Council. The committee appointed by them proposed the erection of sixty houses ; and on the 24th February, 1886, there was a further recommendation from them to purchase the " Cadgers' Field," and to accept Mr. Ashley's offer of the plot for £500. In March a grant of £3000 was received from the Commissioners of Public Works, and possession of the ground was taken 11th August, 1886, On 29th September the plans, as drawn by Mr. W. Cochrane, the Borough Surveyor, were approved of. The contract for making the roads and sewers was given to Mr. George Kerr ; and on 2nd February, 1887, he was declared the contractor for erection of most of the houses ; three additional being built in 1888. On 22nd February, 1888, the site of the Artisans' Dwellings, formerly " The Cadgers' Field," was re-named " Emmet-place." ^

   Branch Banks in Sligo are of comparatively recent origin ; although to modern ideas it seems strange that business on any extensive scale could have been carried on without the medium of local banks. Formerly, large sums of money were transmitted by bills, and transactions of any great magnitude were negotiated by special messenger. The circulation of small coin was, however, quite as deficient as the means of transferring large amounts ; and, therefore, about the middle of the seven-

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 84

3. Bank failure of M'Creery and Ballantyne in Sligo

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1800–1822

   Several small banks failed in Sligo, affecting local trade. Among them was the firm of Messrs. M'Creery and Ballantyne, whose failure inspired a satirical ballad. The incident reflects the fragility of early nineteenth-century local banking in the town.

   Read the passage

   There occurred, also, several failures of small banks, by which the trade of Sligo was more or less affected. Amongst them was that of Messrs. M'Creery and Ballantyne, on the subject of which a ballad was written, commencing : —

   " Kings, princes, and nations in wealth do decliae, And why not M'Creery with sweet Ballantyne."

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 87

4. Base rapparee halfpence in Sligo circulation 1746

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1732–1746

   In 1746 a great quantity of 'base rapparee halfpence' circulated throughout County Sligo. This followed the 1732 shock to paper-money credit from Dublin bank failures, which had driven demand for silver and copper and flooded the market with curious coin varieties and forgeries.

   Read the passage

   In the year 1732 the credit of paper-money sustained a severe shock through the failures of some well-known Dublin banks ; therefore a bill was drawn up for relief of all the parties interested in the settlement, and sent over to be confirmed by the Privy Council of England — the bankrupt laws not having been introduced into Ireland. The depreciation of paper caused a demand for silver and copper money, and the market was again flooded with the most curious variety of coin and forgeries. In 1746 a great quantity of " base Eapparee halfpence" were in circulation throughout the county.

   It was not till well on in the present century that the currency was remodelled. The new silver coin got rapidly into circulation, superseding Bank of Ireland tokens struck from Spanish dollars, which were called in.

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 86

5. Carmelite scapulars sold at Sligo fairs before rebellion

   Sligo · town · Sligo

   In Sligo, parish priests procured power to dispose of Carmelite scapulars, which became a sign by which those of the 'true faith' recognized each other. Bags filled with scapulars were sent for sale to fairs and markets in the lead-up to the 1798 rebellion.

   Read the passage

   In Sligo the parish priests, either convinced of the utility of this Order in promoting the cause of religion, or seeing that the sale of scapulars was profitable, procured a power to dispose of them. Bags filled with them were sent for sale to fairs and markets, and these scapulars soon became the sign by which those of the "true faith " were to know each other.

   At length, on the 22nd of August 1798, occurred the event so eagerly awaited by the Sligo rebels ; three French frigates appeared in the bay of Killala, County Mayo, and the landing took place. On the evening of the following day (August 23rd) the French men of war were in Sligo Bay.

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 8

6. Combination in Tireragh against Mr. Kelly's factory

   Tireragh · barony · Sligo · 1840

   In December 1840, a combination existed in Tireragh against Mr. Kelly, who had erected a potato-starch manufactory giving great umbrage to the peasantry. Persons selling to Kelly and his employees were threatened with violence.

   Read the passage

   lu December, 1836, there was a revival of " exclusive dealing." In 1838 there was the notorious disagreement between Mr. Sims and Mr. Kelly relative to the sale of the Camphill Mills, during which period the former individual was, to use a modern expression, strictly " boycotted." No person was allowed to deal with him, and those who disobeyed the secret mandate of the conspirators suffered. For example, " the ears of a horse belonging to a man who had sold grain " to Mr. Sims " were cut off, and the carman's life was threatened." This conspiracy was directed against Mr. Sims. But in December, 1840, a combination existed in the neiglibourhood of CoUooney and in Tireragh against Mr. Kelly, who had erected a potato-starch manufactory, giving great umbrage thereby to the peasantry, who conceived that the increased consumption of potatoes would raise their already high price. Persons selling to Mr. Kelly were therefore threatened, as also the men in his employment ; and to such an extent was the system of intimidation carried, that the manufactory was compelled to cease working.

   During the first quarter of this century two secret societies existed which had for object the curtailment of the fees payable to the Eoman Catholic clergy for performing marriages, baptisms, and other rites of their Church. This movement might probably have been successful had the agitation been confined to strictly legal measures ; but the persons who thus attempted to "fix a fair rent " on the clergy proceeded to such extremities that they placed themselves within the meshes of the law ; and a special commission was opened in Sligo, at the close of the year 1806, for the purpose of trying some of these agitators— then designated " Threshers " — who were in the habit of visiting the house of any person who had (as they considered) paid too much to the priest, dragging the delinquent out of bed, and " carding " him. Their manner of disguising themselves to avoid recognition was simple in tlie extreme ; they blackened their faces, and wore a white shirt over their clothes.

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 163

7. Dispensaries under Medical Charities Act in Sligo Union

   Sligo · town · Sligo

   Under the Medical Charities Act, the Sligo Union guardians controlled five dispensaries with seven medical officers for the treatment of the sick and indigent. Medicines and medical appliances were supplied to those too poor to pay.

   Read the passage

   By the " Medical Charities Act," the guardians have now under their control five dispensaries, with seven medical officers, for the treatment of the sick and indigent within the union ; medicines and medical appliances are supplied to those who are too poor to pay.

   The functions of the guardians, as a local body, have been exercised of late in various directions altogether foreign to the relief of the poor. They now administer the Sanitary and Public Health Acts, by ofiicials under their control ; the Parliamentary Voters Act, extended by the Representation of the People Act, 1884, and Eegistration Act of 1885 ; the Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages ; the building of labourer's cottages, and inspection of same, under the Labourers Acts of 1883 and 1885. Under the Contagious Diseases Act of 1878, the inspection of animals within the Union, and the export and import of same, are placed under their control, in connection with the Yeterinary Department. The Board is also empowered, under the National School Teachers Act of 1875, to contribute, out of the poor rates,

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 83

8. Doonally and Kilsellagh Storage Reservoir

   Doonally · townland · Sligo

   A storage reservoir for Sligo's water supply was constructed below the junction of the Doonally and Kilsellagh streams by throwing an earthen embankment across the gorge. The project included an outlet-tower, waste-weir, and flood water-courses to manage the flow.

   Read the passage

   On the Doonally and Kilsellagh streams the storage reservoir is constructed a little below their junction by throwing an earthen embankment across the gorge, and the ground was prepared to receive this embankment by stripping off all the soft material from where it was to rest, then sinking a trench to the solid water-tight clay along its centre, and filling it with puddle to the level of tlie ground — a puddle-wall being carried up thence to nearly the summit. Tlie most adhesive material was laid on either side of this puddle wall, and the whole bank

   188 HISTORY OF SLIGO.

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 95

9. Dromore West Union Workhouse opened 1852

   Dromore West · population centre · Sligo · 1852–1890

   The Dromore West Union workhouse was declared fit for paupers and opened on 1st May 1852, with 170 indoor and six outdoor paupers transferred from Sligo and Ballina workhouses. The building cost about £4,000, and by 1890 the union had 60 indoor and 233 outdoor paupers.

   Read the passage

   The Dromore West Union consists of seventeen electoral divisions : the area 96,985 acres ; the valuation £36,883, and the population 17,349. The workhouse was, by a sealed order of the Poor Law Commissioners, declared fit for the reception of paupers, and opened 1st May, 1852, when the paupers in the Sligo and Ballina Workhouses, chargeable to the union were

   172 HISTORY OF SLIGO.

   Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 84

10. Early paved road from Sligo to Boyle through Sliabh-da-en

    Ballygawley · town · Sligo

    One of the first roads in County Sligo ran from Sligo to Boyle through the Sliabh-da-en Mountains, east of Ballygawley Lake, over Rush-hill, and through Riverstown and Castlebaldwin. Parts of this roughly paved road were still visible near Castledargan, Rusheen, Castlebaldwin, and Doonaveeragh.

    Read the passage

    Probably one of the first roads made in the county was that leading from Sligo to Boyle.' It ran through the 81ieve-da-en Mountains by a pass to the east of Ballygawlej' Lake, where its track is yet distinctly visible ; thence by Doonamurry, over Rush-hill, and through Riverstown, Castlebaldwin, and the Red Earl's path over the Curlew Mountains. Parts of this road are yet to be seen near Castledargan, in Rusheen, Castlebaldwin, and Doonaveeragh. It would seem to have been roughly paved.

    In an itinerary made in the year 1777 the road from Sligo to Boyle is shown as following a high level, passing near Oakfield, and debouching on the present line at the village of Ballysadare, from whence it took very much the same direction as the present highway. It is still in use as a by-road.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 98

11. English frigates and cutter in Sligo Bay

    near Sligo Bay · bay · Sligo · 1798

    Within a week of the French landing, six or seven English frigates and a cutter with 1000 marines were cruising in Sligo Bay. The cutter put into Killala and cut out a brig and a sloop left by the French as store ships containing arms, ammunition, and clothing.

    Read the passage

    Precautions were at once taken to secure the town. Within a week six or seven English frigates and a cuttei-, with 1000 marines on board, were cruising in Sligo Bay ; the cutter put into Killala and cut out a brig and a sloop, which the French had left behind for store ships, containing a great quantity of arms, ammunition, and clothing. There was a smart engagement, and this cutter bore a heavy fire from the enemy ; the other French vessels were boarded, the crews taken prisoners, and the ships set on fire.

    On the night of the 3rd of September, Greneral Humbert, the commander of the French, sent off his baggage and cannon with some of his troops towards Sligo ; on their departure from Castlebar the French numbered about nine hundred men, without counting their Irish allies. From Swinford they proceeded towards Bellahy, halting about two miles from that village, to which they sent an advance guard : thence they proceeded towards Tubbercurry, and halted within two miles of it.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 8

12. Etymology and Down Survey form of Clooskirt

    Clooskirt · townland · Sligo

    The etymology of the townland Clooskirt is uncertain, but the Down Survey form likely translates to "right cross," reflecting a historical mapping of the area.

    Read the passage

    The name is uncertain. The form in the Down Survey, cpop ceapc, right cross, is probably the correct one.

    Cuiltydangan,

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 253

13. Fatal football accident in Sligo, 1890 season

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1890

    Football had gained a firm hold on young men in Sligo by the late nineteenth century. During the 1890 season a very serious accident occurred during a match, resulting in the death of one of the players, underscoring the rough element sometimes introduced into the game.

    Read the passage

    The game of football seems in the present day to have obtained a firm hold on the young men of Sligo, if the enthusiasm with which they work up their practices be a criterion ; a good deal of the rough element, however, is sometimes introduced into matches, and in the season of 1890 a very serious accident occurred which resulted in the death of one of the players. There are several athletic associations in Sligo — " The Hare and Hounds Club " being one of the longest in existence. There is also a bicycle club, some of whose members prefer racing along the footpaths to confining their exertions to the high road.

    In a well-sheltered nook on the north side of the road leading to Ardowen, a site for a lawn-tennis ground was taken on lease in 1881, and a large sum of money expended in laying out the courts, and erecting a pavilion and house for the caretaker. Here tournaments open to the whole kingdom are held yearly, and at that time the place, when thronged with fair athletes, presents a most animated appearance.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 207

14. French advance guard sent to Bellahy

    Bellahy · townland · Sligo · 1798

    From Swinford the French troops proceeded towards Bellahy, halting about two miles from that village and sending an advance guard ahead. This was part of Humbert's march from Castlebar towards Sligo in September 1798.

    Read the passage

    On the night of the 3rd of September, Greneral Humbert, the commander of the French, sent off his baggage and cannon with some of his troops towards Sligo ; on their departure from Castlebar the French numbered about nine hundred men, without counting their Irish allies. From Swinford they proceeded towards Bellahy, halting about two miles from that village, to which they sent an advance guard : thence they proceeded towards Tubbercurry, and halted within two miles of it.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 8

15. French frigates appear in Killala Bay, 1798

    Killala · town · Mayo · 1798

    On 22 August 1798, three French frigates appeared in Killala Bay, County Mayo, and the landing took place, triggering the eagerly awaited event for Sligo rebels. The following evening the French men-of-war were in Sligo Bay.

    Read the passage

    At length, on the 22nd of August 1798, occurred the event so eagerly awaited by the Sligo rebels ; three French frigates appeared in the bay of Killala, County Mayo, and the landing took place. On the evening of the following day (August 23rd) the French men of war were in Sligo Bay.

    Precautions were at once taken to secure the town. Within a week six or seven English frigates and a cuttei-, with 1000 marines on board, were cruising in Sligo Bay ; the cutter put into Killala and cut out a brig and a sloop, which the French had left behind for store ships, containing a great quantity of arms, ammunition, and clothing. There was a smart engagement, and this cutter bore a heavy fire from the enemy ; the other French vessels were boarded, the crews taken prisoners, and the ships set on fire.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 8

16. Humbert marches from Castlebar toward Sligo via Tubbercurry

    Tobercurry · town · Sligo · 1798

    On the night of 3 September 1798, General Humbert sent his baggage and cannon with troops towards Sligo. From Castlebar the French numbered about 900 men, proceeding via Swinford and Bellahy towards Tubbercurry, halting within two miles of it.

    Read the passage

    On the night of the 3rd of September, Greneral Humbert, the commander of the French, sent off his baggage and cannon with some of his troops towards Sligo ; on their departure from Castlebar the French numbered about nine hundred men, without counting their Irish allies. From Swinford they proceeded towards Bellahy, halting about two miles from that village, to which they sent an advance guard : thence they proceeded towards Tubbercurry, and halted within two miles of it.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 8

17. Irish peasant cabin conditions described by Wesley, 1748

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1748–1770

    In 1748, the Rev. John Wesley described the great discomfort of ordinary Irish cabins — earth and straw-built shelters with a single hole serving as window, chimney, and door. The manure heap at the door, animals domiciled inside, and filth ankle-deep characterized peasant home life, with hovels costing 30s. to 40s.

    Read the passage

    The Rev. John Wesley described in his Journal the great discomfort of the ordinary Irish cabin of the year 1748, for no light could come into the earth and straw-built " cavern " on the master and his cattle but at one hole which served as window, chimney, and door ; indeed, of all the features of Irish peasant life, none helped more to associate in the mind of a stranger the idea of misery with the idea of Ireland than the dirt and disorder of home life. The manure heap at the door ; filth ankledeep at the entrance ; the pig domiciled in the house ; ducks, geese, and fowl roosting on the rafters ; the grunting of pigs, the quacking of ducks, the hissing of geese, the cackle of fowl, and the squalling of children can be more readily imagined than described. The cost of one of these hovels was estimated at from 30s. to 40s., but if covered with straw, and with walls of stone, the cost would be £5 ; if there were outbuildings in addition, the total would be about double that sura. In 1770 the population of the county was considered to be increasing rapidly, the circumstances of the peasantry, in general, having

    [To face page 338.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 170

18. Killeran graveyard at Ballydawley and the Bishop's grave

    Ballydawley · townland · Sligo

    A probable second ecclesiastical establishment was located at Killeran, near Toberdoney, in the townland of Ballydawley. It is now represented only by a diminutive unused graveyard containing one large headstone said to mark the grave of 'the Bishop,' with no trace of lettering remaining.

    Read the passage

    ^ The western end of the old church is still standing — evidently portion of the vaulted dwelling-place of the monks. A few fragments of cut-stone, such as arch-stones of doors and windows, may be seen scattered around. " Clarus M'Moylin O'Moillchoury, Archdeacon of Elphin, founded the church of the Holy Trinity, at KHruisse in 1233, for canons of the Order of Prsemonstre, and made it a cell to the Abbey of Lough Kee ; the founder died A.D. 1251." The other establishment was probably at Killeran, near Toberdoney, in the townland of Ballydawley, now represented by a diminutive unused graveyard ; in it there is one large headstone, stated to mark the grave of " the Bishop." No trace of lettering remains.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 178

19. Kilruisse church founded 1233 by Archdeacon of Elphin

    Kilross · townland · Sligo · 1233–1251

    Clarus M'Moylin O'Moillchoury, Archdeacon of Elphin, founded the church of the Holy Trinity at Kilruisse (Kilross) in 1233 for canons of the Order of Præmonstre, making it a cell to the Abbey of Lough Kee. The founder died in 1251. The western end of the old church still stands, with fragments of cut-stone scattered around.

    Read the passage

    ^ The western end of the old church is still standing — evidently portion of the vaulted dwelling-place of the monks. A few fragments of cut-stone, such as arch-stones of doors and windows, may be seen scattered around. " Clarus M'Moylin O'Moillchoury, Archdeacon of Elphin, founded the church of the Holy Trinity, at KHruisse in 1233, for canons of the Order of Prsemonstre, and made it a cell to the Abbey of Lough Kee ; the founder died A.D. 1251." The other establishment was probably at Killeran, near Toberdoney, in the townland of Ballydawley, now represented by a diminutive unused graveyard ; in it there is one large headstone, stated to mark the grave of " the Bishop." No trace of lettering remains.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 178

20. Lord Chief Justice praises Sligo's peaceful state

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1890

    At the summer assizes of 1890, Lord Chief Justice O'Brien congratulated the Sligo Grand Jury on the absence of criminal statistics, noting that boycotting was practically non-existent in the county and the constabulary return was satisfactory.

    Read the passage

    The damage inflicted by the mob on Protestant householders was made good to them by means of subscriptions raised by the Roman Catholics of the town. Since that period both county and borough have been models of peace and quiet. At the summer assizes (1890) the Lord Chief Justice O'Brien, in addressing the Grand Jury, said : — " The criminal statistics of your county — or rather, I should say, the absence of criminal statistics in your county, because there is no subject-matter of that description to deal with — enables me to congratulate you upon its very satisfactory condition. Boycotting is practically non-existent in this county, and the constabulary return is most satisfactory. I trust that this favourable and happy state of things will continue."

    and agree amongst themselves, maliciously to commit, and did commit damage to certain real property, that is to say, to the piers of the wall of the Courtyard of the Cathedral at Sligo, and to the piers of the gate leading to the House called the Presbytery at Sligo, and to the wall separating Catherine Tighe's house from the high-road, by knocking down aud displacing the stones, with which same were built, &c."

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 165

21. Man tracked to Aughris and mutilated

    Aughris · townland · Sligo · 1880–1884

    During the Tubbercurry disturbances, a man who had gone to Aughris in Tireragh for his health was followed by attackers who cut off his ears, demonstrating that even absence from the locality did not protect those targeted.

    Read the passage

    From 1880 to 1884 Tubbercurry and its neighbourhood enjoyed an unenviable notoriety. It was one of the few places in the county where outrages were common, and where law and order were systematically put aside. Absence from the locality did not protect those marked out, for one unfortimate man who had gone to Aughris in Tireragh, for benefit of his health, was followed, and his ears cut off. A sub-inspector was fiured at ; the life of the Clerk of the Union was attempted ; two policeconstables were fired at, as were also two resident landlords. These outrages were carried on with a systematic secrecy which baffled the police ; whilst even dumb brutes belonging to unpopular persons were maltreated and ill-used.

    On Saturday morning, 12th June, 1886, it was discovered that wilful damage had been done to the piers of the gate of the Eoman Catholic Cathedral, as also to the entrance to the Presbytery. The damage was trivial, and would probably not have excited much comment but for the disturbances then occurring in Belfast ; and it was given out that the Protestants of Sligo had been the offenders. Mobs paraded the streets, smashing the windows of householders. However, a reward of £100 was offered by the Protestant inhabitants of the borough for discovery of the perpetrators of the outrage, and one of the delinquents turned informer. It was then discovered that the mischief at the Cathedral and Presbytery had been effected by three Roman Catholics,^ who

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 164

22. No banker in Sligo town or county, c.1804

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1804

    According to a report of the Irish Exchange Committee formed about four years after 1800, there was then no banker in Sligo, either in the town or the county. This underscores the absence of formal banking infrastructure in the area at that time.

    Read the passage

    In 1800 "money and paper were equally current." According to a report of the " Irish Exchange Committee," which was formed about four years subsequently, there was then no banker in Sligo, either in the town or county. In 1822, owing to the exceptional state of depression both in trade and agriculture, it was resolved at a meeting of the principal proprietors of the county that they would accept the notes of respectable private banks of Dublin in payment of their rents. This arrangement could not fail to lead to better prices for agricultural produce than the then limited circulation of paper-money would admit of, and also gave an impulse to business.

    Savings' Banks were established in Ireland in 1810, and the first of which a record has been found was " The Savings' Bank " for the benefit of the working-classes. The yearly accounts were published in the newspapers, and the directors would seem to have been gentlemen of local position. In June, 1823, its state does not appear to have been flourishing, as it was alleged " that the Savings' Bank had not been open for some time. Upon inquiry as to the cause it was stated that there was no fund applicable for the payment of a clerk to keep

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 87

23. Notorious robber James Teige captured near Elphin

    Elphin · town · Roscommon · 1770

    In November 1770, the Bishop of Elphin was informed that a notorious robber named James Teige was at a shebeen-house near Elphin. Teige, who had terrorized Counties Leitrim and Sligo for two years, was apprehended by magistrate William Casy with concealed arms.

    Read the passage

    accomplished on foot or on horseback ; and travellers took care to start well armed for fear of marauders, who were then designated wood-kerns, rapparees, and tories. In later times the newspapers were full of accounts of these depredators. One example taken from the Dublin Mercury of 22nd November, 1770, will suffice. Information was given to the Bishop of Elphin that a noted robber named James Teige, " was at a shebeen-house near this town, on which he applied to William Casy, Esq., our worthy active magistrate, who went with two of the bishop's servants and took said Teige. He had concealed arms, and had been a terror to this place and the Counties of Leitrim and Sligo for these two years past."

    Probably one of the first roads made in the county was that leading from Sligo to Boyle.' It ran through the 81ieve-da-en Mountains by a pass to the east of Ballygawlej' Lake, where its track is yet distinctly visible ; thence by Doonamurry, over Rush-hill, and through Riverstown, Castlebaldwin, and the Red Earl's path over the Curlew Mountains. Parts of this road are yet to be seen near Castledargan, in Rusheen, Castlebaldwin, and Doonaveeragh. It would seem to have been roughly paved.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 98

24. O'Conor chiefs duel in Dublin Castle

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    One of the last recorded single combats between Irish chiefs took place between Conor Mac Cormac O'Conor and Teige Mac Gilpatrick O'Conor, who fought with broadswords and skeans in Dublin Castle before the Archbishop and chief authorities.

    Read the passage

    Duels bore a certain halo of legality, for single combats were formerly a very prevalent mode of "administering justice " in Ireland : they were authorized by law and usually occurred in presence of a distinguished company of onlookers. If the encounter was between two Irish chiefs, it was regarded with special favour. One of the last recorded exhibitions of this nature took place between Conor Mac Cormac 0' Conor and Teige Mac Gilpatrick O'Conor. They fought with broadswords and skeans (large knives or daggers) in the Castle of Dublin, in the presence of the Archbishop and all the chief authorities.

    Descending to times more modern, Sir Jonah Barrington, in \\\^I*erfional Sketches atul Recollections, states that he remembered two hundred and twenty-seven " memorable and official duels " having been fought during his " grand climacteric ;" for in Ireland the period noted for duelling was prior to the Union,

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 157

25. Out-door relief expenditure growth in Sligo Union, 1863–1888

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1863–1889

    Out-door relief in the Sligo Union grew from 18 recipients at a weekly cost of £0 6s. 0d. in June 1863 to 582 recipients costing £26 14s. 6d. weekly by June 1883. Expenditure on stimulants and tobacco for workhouse inmates also rose steadily, reaching nearly £90 per annum by 1889.

    Read the passage

    The increase in the use of stimulants and tobacco has also been steadily progressive. In 1876 the outlay was but £28, in 1881 £77, whilst in 1889 it was nearly £90 per annum.

    By the " Medical Charities Act," the guardians have now under their control five dispensaries, with seven medical officers, for the treatment of the sick and indigent within the union ; medicines and medical appliances are supplied to those who are too poor to pay.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 83

26. Outrages of constant occurrence in Tireragh, 1822

    Tireragh · barony · Sligo · 1822

    Consequent on the distress which prevailed in 1822, outrages in the barony of Tireragh were of constant occurrence, adding to the pattern of recurring agrarian violence in that part of County Sligo.

    Read the passage

    In 1806 the state of the county — more particularly the barony of Tireragh — was so disturbed that it occasioned a debate in the House of Lords ; and agitation again occurred in 1817 ; whilst consequent on the distress which prevailed in 1822, outrages in Tireragh were of constant occurrence.

    It was stated that —

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 162

27. Poor-rates struck on Sligo Union electoral divisions, 1843

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1843

    In 1843 poor-rates were levied across the electoral divisions of the Sligo Union, ranging from as low as 2¼d. in Carney, Ballysadare, Coolaney, Drumfin, and Templeboy to as high as 1s. 0d. in Lissadell, Rossinver, Cloonacool, Skreen, and Dromard. The rates rose dramatically during the famine years, reaching about 8s. in the pound.

    Read the passage

    The following poor-rates were struck on the various electoral divisions in the year 1843 : —

    " Knocknarea, 6d. ; Kilmacowen, 5d. ; Calry, 7^d. ; Drumcliff, 5d.; Carney, 2^d. ; Lissadell, Od. ; Rossinver, Od. ; Cliffoney, 5d. ; Ballysadare, 2id. ; Coolaney, 2id. ; Collooney, 5d. ; Ballintoglier, 5d. ; Ballinakill, 7id. ; Eiverstown, Hd. ; Drumfin, 2id. ; Ballymote, ] Od. ; Cloonoghill, 5d. ; Tubbercurry, 5d. ; Cloonacool, Od.; Templeboy, 2^d. ; Skreerij Od. ; Dromard, Od.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 81

28. Poteen smuggler outwits revenue officer in Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    A smuggler evaded revenue officers at the Sligo barracks by swapping his white horse for a neighbor's bay horse. The bay horse safely delivered the concealed keg of poteen, while the white horse was detained and searched by the ganger who bought its turf load as a pretext.

    Read the passage

    Another incident in which the revenue officer was outwitted is thus recounted : — A man who was filling a crib of turf and had just concealed in it a keg of poteen which he purposed selling in Sligo, suddenly noticed that a neighbour, with whom he was not on very good terms, had been observing him. lie felt certain that information would be given to the authorities, but he continued filling up the crib, as a plan had just occurred to him by means of which he hoped to evade detection. Another neighbour on whom he could rely was also going to Sligo, with a crib of turf. This man's horse was bay in colour, whilst his own was white ; an exchange of steeds was effected, and the cart with the bay horse was allowed an hour's start. All went well with the bay ; Sligo was reached and the keg of poteen safely delivered, but when the white horse with his crib of turf was passing the barracks, the revenue officer in charge inquired the price. The owner asked nearly double the market value of the

    334 HISTORY OF SLIOO.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 168

29. Primrose Grange Boarding School on Knocknarea

    near Knocknarea · mountain or mountain range · Sligo · 1721–1892

    Primrose Grange Boarding School, situated on the southern slope of Knocknarea about four miles from Sligo town, originated in 1721 from a grant by Rev. Edward Nicholson of house and lands for an English school with scriptural education. The endowment was supplemented around 1766 by Adam Ormsby, and in 1849 conveyed to the Incorporated Society for promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland. An agricultural department was abolished around 1860, after which the school focused on mathematical education.

    Read the passage

    On the southern slope of Knocknarea, about four miles from the town of Sligo, is situated Primrose- Grrange Boarding School, an establishment endowed for educational purposes. It originated so far back as 1721, in a grant from the Rev. Edward Nicholson of house and lands for the maintenance of a good English school, combined with a sound scriptural education " according to the principles of the United Church of England and Ireland." The science and practice of agriculture were also to be included in the curriculum. About the year 17(33

    414 HISTOEY OF SLIGO.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 209

30. Public house density in Sligo borough and county

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    County Sligo, with an estimated population of about 98,338, had 310 public houses, while the Borough of Sligo, with just over 10,000 people, had 85—a number noted as yearly increasing. The text remarks that the power of granting or refusing licences lay entirely in the hands of the authorities.

    Read the passage

    The County Sligo with an estimated population of about 98,338 souls, has a total of 310 publichouses ; this is exceeded by the Borough, which, with a total of a little over 10,000, has 85, a number yearly on the increase. The cause is obvious, for the power of granting or refusing a licence lies entirely in the

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 169

31. Sacred trout in Sligo holy wells

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    Several holy wells in Sligo once contained sacred trout, one side darker than the other, believed to bear grill marks from miraculous return after being cooked. A gentleman who caught some of these fish had to flee an infuriated mob. The superstition is now believed extinct.

    Read the passage

    Veneration of fish is of eastern origin, for it is a wellknown fact that in certain parts of India, Persia, and China there are ponds and tanks attached to temples in which sacred fish are preserved and fed by the priests. The Celtic mind is essentially eastern in its character, so it is not surprising that several holy wells in Sligo contained trout regarded as sacred. At present, however, this superstition is believed to be extinct, although within the present century a gentleman of the county who caught some of these fish had to run for his life to escape from a mob of infuriated peasants." Holy trout were alleged to be of peculiar form and colour, one side of the body being darker than the other, and this— according to a tradition attached to several wells — was accounted for in the

    1 This spring is reputed to have been dedicated to Saint Columbkille. Crowds were in the habit at the accustouiud season, of journeying- from great distances for the " patron," and they camped around the place on the eve of the celebration. The well was overshadowed by a huge ash ; one uight Providence and a high wind forced the gathering to take shelter elsewhere. In the morning the giant tree was found prostrate.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 181

32. Sacred wells of Drumcliff parish

    near Drumcliff · parish · Sligo

    The parish of Drumcliff contained several revered holy wells, including Mary's Well (Tobar Muire), where stations were still performed on Lady Day, and which was reputed to house sacred trout and cure ophthalmia. St. Patrick's Well was associated with a legend that the saint baptized converts there.

    Read the passage

    The following were esteemed sacred springs in the parish of Drumcliif : Tohar na bachail/e, or the well of the crozier ; Tobar nwire, Mary's- well. On Lady Day there are, it is stated, stations still carried on there ; the well was reputed to have been the home of sacred trout, and to have possessed healing virtues, particularly in cases of ophthalmia ; St. Patrick's- well, where a legend recounts that the saint baptized converts : there are also the wells of Tobar na bohjoighe, Tobervoguc, and Tobcr Colnmb- Icill. In the footnote is given a list of wells which had been formerly held in estimation as " holy."'

    1 In the parish of Kilmacowen, Toberpatrick ; parish of Cahy, Tober- Connel ; parish of Ballysadare,Tobercurrin, Tobertuna-luin, andTobcrcailen; parish of Killoran, Tobergal ; parish of Achoury, Toberaribba, Tobercurry,

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 180

33. Sligo Journal printed in Castle Street from 1771

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1771

    The Sligo Journal and Weekly Advertiser, a Conservative newspaper, was first issued around 1771 and printed by Michael Parker in Castle-street, Sligo. Its heading device was used by the Sligo Corporation as a seal for many years.

    Read the passage

    During a lengthened period Sligo possessed a local organ of public opinion which appears to have been Conservative in political tendency. The title of the newspaper was " The Sligo Journal and Weekly Advertiser." The first known series of this paper commenced in 1771, but it is probable there was an even earlier issue. It was printed on Tuesdays and Thursdays by Michael Parker, in Castle-street, price three half-pence, and the device on the heading of the paper (see fig. 62) served the Sligo Corporation, for many years, in lieu of a seal. The articles in the early numbers were very strongly worded, but as a rule they dealt in broad political facts, not in personalities, for in those days men who were held up to public ridicule or libelled, took the remedy into their own hands and relieved the law-courts of great trouble, by the substitution of " a small-sword for a declaration, or a case of pistols for a judgment."

    Difiiculties arose occasionally, as for instance when on the 14th May, 1791, an " Immergency " meeting of the Masonic body was called by Brother Thomas Soden, of Lodge No. 530, against Brother Michael Parker, proprietor of the " SKgo Journal," charging him with having published in his paper a letter tending to reflect upon Soden's conduct as "Billeting master for the town of Sligo "; whilst on the 5th February, 1796, Brother William M'Mullen complained that Brother Joseph Hudson, had " advertised him for defamation of character."

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 203

34. Sligo proprietors accept Dublin bank notes for rents, 1822

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1822

    Owing to exceptional depression in trade and agriculture in 1822, a meeting of the principal proprietors of County Sligo resolved to accept notes of respectable private banks of Dublin in payment of rents. This arrangement aimed to improve prices for agricultural produce and stimulate business.

    Read the passage

    In 1800 "money and paper were equally current." According to a report of the " Irish Exchange Committee," which was formed about four years subsequently, there was then no banker in Sligo, either in the town or county. In 1822, owing to the exceptional state of depression both in trade and agriculture, it was resolved at a meeting of the principal proprietors of the county that they would accept the notes of respectable private banks of Dublin in payment of their rents. This arrangement could not fail to lead to better prices for agricultural produce than the then limited circulation of paper-money would admit of, and also gave an impulse to business.

    Savings' Banks were established in Ireland in 1810, and the first of which a record has been found was " The Savings' Bank " for the benefit of the working-classes. The yearly accounts were published in the newspapers, and the directors would seem to have been gentlemen of local position. In June, 1823, its state does not appear to have been flourishing, as it was alleged " that the Savings' Bank had not been open for some time. Upon inquiry as to the cause it was stated that there was no fund applicable for the payment of a clerk to keep

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 87

35. Sligo Savings Bank reopens after closure, 1823

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1823

    The Sligo Savings Bank, established for the benefit of the working classes, was found in June 1823 to have been closed for some time due to lack of funds to pay a clerk. It was re-opened shortly afterwards, meeting at a room adjoining the Excise Office.

    Read the passage

    Savings' Banks were established in Ireland in 1810, and the first of which a record has been found was " The Savings' Bank " for the benefit of the working-classes. The yearly accounts were published in the newspapers, and the directors would seem to have been gentlemen of local position. In June, 1823, its state does not appear to have been flourishing, as it was alleged " that the Savings' Bank had not been open for some time. Upon inquiry as to the cause it was stated that there was no fund applicable for the payment of a clerk to keep

    176

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood

36. Sligo's reputation for duelling before the Union

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    According to Sir Jonah Barrington, Sligo furnished many noted duellists prior to the Union, with admirable spirit and decorum. Sligo had many professors of duelling and a high reputation in what Barrington called the 'leaden branch of the pastime.'

    Read the passage

    " Sligo then furnished some of the finest young fellows, i. e. fire-eaters," remarks the above writer ; " their spirit and decorum were equally admirable, and their honour and liberality conspicuous on all occasions." A few of these earnest spirits fashioned a series of pandects which may be said to have regulated the practice of duelling till its final extinction ; or, again, to quote the foregoing authority, " Sligo had many professors, and a high reputation in the leaden branch of the pastime." The code was entitled, Tlte practice of dnelUng and •points of honour settled at Clomnell Summer Assizes, 1777, b// the gentlemot delegates of Tijyperary, Gahcay, Mayo, Sligo, and Roscommon, and prescribed for general adoption throughout Ireland.

    A sarcastic writer observed that sometimes " painful dis-

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 157

37. Sligo Union valuation and population 1888

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1888

    After the withdrawal of Dromore West and Tubbercurry, the Sligo Union in 1888 had a valuation of £99,075, twenty-nine electoral divisions, 143,523 acres, and a population of 46,063. Parts of the Boyle and Ballina unions also fell within county boundaries, causing administrative difficulty.

    Read the passage

    towards the increase of the salaries of the schoolmasters, the matter being left voluntary to them, but if the money be granted the Board has no control over its expenditure. Since the withdrawal of Dromore "West and Tubbercurry the valuation of the Sligo Union was in 1888 £99,075 ; it consists of twentynine electoral divisions, with an area of 143,523 acres, and a population of 46,063.

    Besides the above union, part of those of Boyle and Ballina are comprised within the county boundaries ; this sub-division causes a considerable amount of unnecessary trouble and expense.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 84

38. Sweat House at Inismurray

    Inishmurray · townland · Sligo

    A beehive-shaped sweat house on Inismurray, about 6 feet in diameter and 6 feet high, built of uncemented stones covered with clay, was used as a hot-air bath for pleasure and as a cure for rheumatism. The chamber was heated by burning turf inside, then cleared and lined with green rushes before the bather entered.

    Read the passage

    laconicum of ancient Greece and Imperial Eome — was in common use amongst the Irish, and in the county Sligo lingered on until the commencement of this century. On the first map made of the county several " sweat-houses" are marked. They were generally of beehive shape, about 6 feet in diameter, and 6 feet high, built of converging layers of uncemented stones, covered with clay, and having a low narrow entrance, resembling the remains of huts still to be seen in juxtaposition with cashels or early ecclesiastical buildings, such as the hut styled the Sweat-house at Inismurray. The manner of heating

    412 HISTORY OF SLTGO.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 208

39. Thady Connellan of Tireragh

    Tireragh · barony · Sligo

    Thady Connellan, a native of Tireragh in County Sligo, was an eccentric figure with considerable natural talents and a classical education who devised a utopian plan for mass literacy in Ireland through a chain-teaching scheme. He converted from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism under the influence of Albert Blest, a zealous Baptist, and worked as a schoolmaster, but died in great poverty despite his popularity among the gentry.

    Read the passage

    Connellan was a native of Tireragh ; he had considerable natural talents and great ambition, possessed a fair classical education, and was a thorough Irish scholar. He started a small school, but did not succeed in his role of pedagogue. He had been a Roman Catholic, but like most converts on becoming a Protestant he embraced extreme views. Connellan derived his new religious opinions from Albert Blest — a well-known and most zealous Baptist ; and under him he worked for many years as a schoolmaster. Despite his abilities, his popularity amongst the gentry, and his many [theoretical] attempts at making money, which, however, never practically succeeded, he died in great poverty.

    In the eighteenth century education was in a very neglected state. Except at " hedge schools " there was no means of instruction for the poor ; and in the entire county there were but three or four schools suited for the better class of farmers and shopkeepers.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood

40. The Cryptic satirical paper printed at Thomas Street, Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1844–1846

    A comic and scurrilous weekly paper called The Cryptic was first issued in May 1844, printed at 5 Thomas-street, Sligo. It held up principal inhabitants of town and county to ridicule for about two years and faced continuous litigation from those it libelled.

    Read the passage

    In May, 1844, " The Cryptic " a comic and somewhat scurrilous weekly paper, was first issued price 2d. It existed about two years, having during that period held up most of the principal inhabitants of town and county to ridicule in a series of articles headed " Gallery of distinguished personages." The paper was printed at 5, Thomas-street for the proprietors, who were engaged in continuous litigation with those whom they had libelled.

    " The SHgo Guardian," first issued in 1848, had an ephemeral existence, and was succeeded in 1849 by "The Sligo Chronicle," a Conservative weekly paper, price Sd.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 203

41. The Observer newspaper office in Castle Street, Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1829

    In October 1829 an organ of the advanced Roman Catholic party was launched in Sligo, printed and published by Hugh MacSweeny at The Observer office in Castle-street, with an annual subscription of one pound five shillings.

    Read the passage

    " The "Western Luminary, or Sligo Impartial Reporter " was started in 1823, by Robert Hunter, and was Liberal in politics. A good many numbers of this paper are still extant ; it collapsed in 1829. Another newspaper was issued 9th October, of the same year, as an organ of the advanced Roman Catholic party ; it was " printed and published by the proprietor, Hugh Mac- Sweeny, every Thursday at ' The Observer ' office. Castle-street; annual subscription one pound five shillings."

    " The Champion, or Sligo News " was launched in June, 1836. The price, formerly 3d., is now 2d. It is published every Saturday.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 203

42. Tirerrill inhabitants steal St. Patrick's horses

    Tirerrill · barony · Sligo

    One of the first crimes recounted of the dwellers in Sligo was the stealing of horses belonging to St. Patrick's chariot by the inhabitants of Tirerrill. Arthur Young also noted organized bands of robbers and horse-shoe larceny in his time.

    Read the passage

    One of the first crimes recounted of the dwellers in Sligo was the stealing of the horses belonging to St. Patrick's Chariot by the inhabitants of Tirerrill ; and Arthur Young, in his Tour in Ireland, states that in his time the larceny of iron shoes off the hoofs of horses turned out to graze was of common occurrence, and regularly organized bauds of robbers existed for a lengthened period.

    The following extracts taken from local newspapers appear to be typical of various periods of agitation. In 1779, on the spread of tillage throughout the country, pressure legal and illegal was put on the landlords to abandon their grazing farms, and let them to tenants. Those who adhered to the grazing system had their cattle mutilated ; and a special commission sat in Sligo for the trial of a number of persons then in gaol, charged with " houghing cattle, and other notorious crimes."

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 161

43. Toberdoney in Kilross — holy well still used for cures

    Kilross · townland · Sligo

    In the parish of Kilross, the holy well of Toberdoney was described as beautifully situated and was still actively used for cures, with devotees frequenting it on St. Peter and St. Paul's Day.

    Read the passage

    Toberaraght and Tobercully ; parish of Dromard, Toberpatrick ; parish of Skreen, Toberpatrick, Toberawnaun, and Toberloran; parish of Easky, St. Adman's well, Toberavidden and Toberalternan ; parish of Templeboy, Toberpatrick, Tobernasool, and Tobercahillboght ; parish of Kilglass, St. Patrick's well ; parish of Castleconor, Toberpatrick ; parish of Ballysadare, Toberloonagh and Toberbride ; parish of Ballynakill, Lady's-well, and Darby's well; the latter was anciently styled, Toberlastra or Toberlastrach ; parish of Kilmactranny, Tobermurry ; parish of Kilmacallan, Tobermoneen, and Tobernaglashy, so named from an enchanted cow which used to regale herself at the spring ; parish of Aghanagh, Tobermania, Toberbride, Tobermurry, Toberpatrick and Tobermahon ; parish of Tawnagh, Toberpatrick, Tobernalee, Kingsbrook, Toberstarling, and Tobernagalliagh ; parish of Shancough, St. James's- well, parish of Drumcolumb, St. Columb's-well; parish of Kili'oss, Toberdoney, beautifully situated, still used for cures and frequented on St. Peter and St. Paul's Day; parish of Emlaghfad, Holywell; parish of Toomour, Tobernacarta, Tobernamalla, Toberliubhan, Toberacol, Tobercloicharig or King's-well ; parish of Kilturra, St. Araght's-well and Toberpatrick; parish of Drumrat, Toberbride or Tobernanavin, and Toberbarry; parish of Cloonaghill, Toberneerin ; parish of Kilfree, Tobernabraher and Tobernaneagh ; parish of Killaraght, Toberpatrick.

    In the parish of Kilmactranny, there was anciently (according to the

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 180

44. Townland names preserving old badger haunts in Sligo

    Ahamlish · parish · Sligo

    Several Sligo townland names preserve the Irish word for badger (broc), testifying to the animal's former presence in those localities. The townlands of Ballynabrock and Cloutyprochlis lie in the parish of Ahamlish, Brockage in Skreen, and Brickeen in Killery.

    Read the passage

    Blnitinmlia. — The Badger has for many years been decreasing in numbers. Its nocturnal habits and the retired places where it makes its abode may account for the rarity of its being observed, but such local names as Carrickuabrock and Pollnabrock are to be found in the county, thus testifying to the old haunts of this animal; whilst in the Parish of Ahamlish there are the townlands of Ballynabrook, Cloutyprochlis ; in Skreen that of Brockage ; and in Killery that of Brickeen — all derived from the habitat of these creatures.

    The Otter is still abundant in suitable localities, and though persecuted, is far from being exterminated. When in fine condition its skin is valued, and a good specimen of this animal will measure, from top of nose to tail, 2 feet 6 inches, and weigh 25 lbs.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 154

45. Tubbercurry Union Workhouse established 1850

    Tobercurry · town · Sligo · 1850–1890

    The Tubbercurry Union was formed on 23rd February 1850, comprising twenty-one electoral divisions with 125,774 acres. The workhouse cost £7,400 to erect, funded by a free Government grant, and paupers previously maintained in Sligo and Swinford workhouses were transferred there.

    Read the passage

    The Tubbercurry Union consists of twenty-one electoral divisions ; the area 125,774 acres ; the valuation (in 1888) £40,768, and the population 25,721. The union was formed 23rd February, 1850, the paupers belonging to the district having been previously maintained in the Sligo and Swiuford Workhouses. The cost of erecting the building, including the purchase of twelve statute acres of land, was £7400, and the Government made a free grant of the amount.

    The number of paupers chargeable to this union on its formation was 198 indoor, and 3 outdoor.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 84

46. Wesley's post-chaise stuck in a Sligo road slough

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1777

    John Wesley, founder of Methodism, travelling in Sligo circa 1777, had his post-chaise held fast in a slough on a road. He was carried over the morass on a peasant's shoulders, and a crowd eventually hauled the coach free by brute force.

    Read the passage

    and wonderiug how he could get it across a difficult spot ; but just then up drove the stage-coach, dashing and splashing, rolling and floundering. Finally it crawled out of this slough of despond, one moving mass of mud, seemingly devoid of shape or form. "Wesley (the founder of Methodism), travelling in Sligo, circa 1777, describes how his post-chaise was held fast in a slough on a road, how he himself was carried over the morass on the shoulders of a stalwart peasant, and the delay and difficulty experienced, until by help of the assembled crowd the coach was at length by sheer brute force hauled to tlie right side of the quagmire.

    In 1612 it was essayed to call into play parochial organization for the repair and maintenance of roads, bridges, &c., but the attempt failed ; and this soon became apparent, for we find a more systematic endeavour to regulate the interior communications of the kingdom was made in 16^34, wlien a statute was passed directing that the Justices on circuit should make inquiry respecting broken or ruined bridges, dilapidated roads, &c. ; and the Grand Jury was empowered to tax the inhabitants. These powers were, by degrees, extended and regulated until tliey came to be of a very comprehensive character. The primitive manner of effecting the necessary repairs was by the enforced labour of householders. "He who had a horse was obliged to work six days in the year, himself and horse ; he who had none, was to give six days' labour." This was found to press unduly on the poor, and was changed into a money assessment.

    Internet Archive historyofsligoco00wood, Chapter 98