Name: Journal of the County Kildare Archaeological Society (vol. 6)
Author: County Kildare :County Kildare Archaeological Society

Grant of Powerscourt Castle sought for Tirlagh O'Toole

Powerscourt · parish · Wicklow · 1541

The Irish Privy Council petitioned Henry VIII to grant the castle of Powerscourt, part of the O'Toole territory of Fercullen, to Tirlagh O'Toole, and Castle Kevin with the lands of Fertur to his brother Art Og O'Toole. The lands were described as waste and in need of resettlement under English law.

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And if it may please Your Hieghnes to graunte unto the saide Thirrologh the castell of Powrescourte (whiche of late Your Hieghnes gave to one of your subjects1 here, which is parsell of the lande that they clayme, called Fercullen, apon recompense by your saide subjecte to be made), and the landes in the saide Fercullen ; and to the brother of the saide Thirrologh, called Art Og Othole (whiche is a sobre fellowe, and a good capteyne), the foresaide Castell Keven, with the landes thereunto belonging called the Fertur, to be holden by Your Hieghnes by suche service as shall stande with your pleasure. Which graunte yt may pleace Your Majestie to referre to certeyne Commissioners for that purpose to be assigned, for the dividing of the giftes of the saide landes betwixt theym and their famylie ; lest that the hoole being graunted to the brothers, if they shuld make division of the same, thothers, having nothing, shuld be dreven to be as thoes men have ben ; every of theym to hold of Your Majestie by like service, whiche landes they mooste chefely desier, and they be no we all waste, the parcelles wherof may appeare unto Your Majestie in a boke2 herein enclosed. And obteyning the same of Your Majestie, the said Thirrologh, and Arte his brother, have promised not onlie to put in pledges of the best they have, for their good behavior to Your Hieghnes and subjects, but also to cause all the same landes to be manured and pepled by suche as shall in all poynctes obey Your Hieghnes lawes and preceptes, and preserve the countrey, that your people shall and may passe the same without daunger of lif or goodes, and to paye yerelie to Your Majestie, after 2 yeres, fyve markes by the yere for Powrescourte with Fercullen, and other 5 markes by the yere to the saide Archebisshop for his interesse in the saide Castell Keven and Fertur aforsaide. And we thinke that thoes countreys being ones peopled and having goodes to loose, shall always be under the scourge of Your Deputie, in caas they wold at any tyme do otherwise than becommeth theym.
1 Pierce Talbot, before mentioned under the year 1537.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 106

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through the parish of Powerscourt in Wicklow. In 1541, the Irish Privy Council wrote to Henry VIII asking him to grant the castle of Powerscourt to Tirlagh O'Toole. It was part of the land they called Fercullen. Henry had lately given the castle to one of his subjects, and the council asked that it be granted instead to Tirlagh, with recompense made to that man. They asked for Castle Kevin and the lands of Fertur to go to Tirlagh's brother, Art Og O'Toole, whom they called a sober fellow and a good captain. The council wanted commissioners appointed to divide the lands between the brothers and their family, so that if the whole were granted to the brothers and they divided it among themselves, the others would not be left with nothing and driven to the same courses as before. They told the king these lands were all waste. They said the brothers had promised to put in pledges of the best they had for good behavior to the king and his subjects, and to cause all the lands to be settled and peopled by those who would obey the king's laws. They promised to preserve the country so that the king's people could pass through without danger to life or goods. After two years they would pay five marks a year for Powerscourt with Fercullen, and another five marks a year to the Archbishop for his interest in Castle Kevin and Fertur. The council thought that once those countries were peopled and had goods to lose, they would always remain under the Deputy's rod.

Kavanagh siege of Carlow Castle and burning of the town, 1641

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1641

In 1641, Sir Morgan Kavanagh and Dermott mac Dowlin Kavanagh raised two regiments, took the county of Catherlagh except the Castle, laid siege unsuccessfully, and marched away after burning the town.

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In 1641 Sir Morgan Kavanagh and Dermott mac Dowlin Kavanagh raised two regiments of Foot, and took possession of “ all the county of Catherlagh, except the Castle of Catherlagh, to which they laid siege ; but not being successful, they marched away after burning the town.”1
On the 5th of April, 1642, the Earl of Ormonde commanding the forces of the Crown reached Athy from Dublin, from whence he 44 sent out several parties to relieve Caterlagh, Clogh-grenan, Ballylinan, and several other Castles and towns then in distress, which they did without much opposition, releasing many women and children, and other unprofitable people, much incommoding those places.2

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 243

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1641, Sir Morgan Kavanagh and Dermott mac Dowlin Kavanagh raised two regiments of foot and took possession of all the county of Catherlagh, except the Castle of Catherlagh. They laid siege to the castle but were not successful. They marched away after burning the town. The following April, the Earl of Ormonde commanding the forces of the Crown reached Athy from Dublin and sent out several parties to relieve Catherlagh, Clogh-grenan, Ballylinan, and several other castles and towns then in distress. They did so without much opposition, releasing many women and children and other unprofitable people, and much incommoding those places.

Killing of Munster men at Gleann Uisean through miracles

Killeshin · townland · Laois · 1024

A slaughter was made of the men of Munster by Donnchadh, son of Aedh, lord of Ui Bairrche, in Gleann Uisean, attributed to the miracles of God and St. Comhdan.

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1024. A slaughter was made of the men of Munster by Donnchadli, son of Aedli (lord of Ui Bairrche) in Gleann Uisean, through the miracles of God and Comhdan. 1037. Flann, Prior of Gleann Uisean, died.
1041. Gleann Uisean was plundered by the son of Mael-na-mbo (i.e. by Diarmaid son of Donnchadh, lord of Ui Ceinseallaigh) and the oratory was demolished, and seven hundred persons were carried off as prisoners from thence, in revenge of the plundering of Fearnamor (i.e. Ferns, County Wexford) by Donnchadh, son of Brian Borumha (King of Munster), and Murchadh, son of Dunlaing (King of Leinster), and in revenge of his brother Domhnall .Reamhar (i.e. the fat), who had been slain by them.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 136

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Gleann Uisean. In 1024, a slaughter was made of the men of Munster by Donnchadh, son of Aedh, lord of Ui Bairrche, through the miracles of God and Comhdan. In 1037, Flann, Prior there, died. In 1041, it was plundered by the son of Mael-na-mbo, that is, by Diarmaid son of Donnchadh, lord of Ui Ceinseallaigh, and the oratory was demolished, and 700 persons were carried off as prisoners from there, in revenge of the plundering of Fearnamor, that is Ferns, County Wexford, by Donnchadh son of Brian Borumha, King of Munster, and Murchadh son of Dunlaing, King of Leinster, and in revenge of his brother Domhnall Reamhar, the fat, who had been slain by them.

Preston's Fortified Position at Agherpallis

Agher · townland · Meath · 1647

Preston entrenched his forces at Agherpallis on high ground surrounded by a bog, traversed only by the Pass of Agher and the Pass of Ardrums, making it a highly defensible position that Harman's cavalry could not approach.

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Jones, on hearing of Preston’s departure, at once sent out Major Harman with 500 horse to follow him. Harman, however, missed his road, and it was not until late at night that he located his enemy encamped at Agherpallis. Here once more Preston found a secure position. Entrenched on high ground, surrounded by a bog, traversed by only two “ fords,” or passes — the Pass of Agher and the Pass of Ardrums — he might easily hold his own against superior numbers.1 Harman reported “ the enemy quartered behind a very great bog, so as no approach could be made to him.”2 “ He encamped,” writes Bellings, “ on a ground to which there was no access, but by a ford defended by a castle, and by another narrow passage which five hundred musketeers might have kept against an army.”3 The author of the Aphorismical Discovery, himself a soldier, describes the position as “ a stronge place by nature — a very commodious and safe place from any incursions of all enemies.” 4

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 295

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1647, Preston entrenched his forces at Agherpallis on high ground surrounded by a bog. Jones, hearing of Preston's departure, sent Major Harman with 500 horse to follow him. Harman missed his road, and it was not until late at night that he located the enemy encamped there. The position was traversed by only two passes — the Pass of Agher and the Pass of Ardrums. Harman reported that "the enemy quartered behind a very great bog, so as no approach could be made to him." Bellings wrote that Preston "encamped on a ground to which there was no access, but by a ford defended by a castle, and by another narrow passage which five hundred musketeers might have kept against an army." The author of the Aphorismical Discovery, himself a soldier, called it "a stronge place by nature — a very commodious and safe place from any incursions of all enemies."

Skirmish reported from Monasterevin and exhumation of a corpse

Monasterevin · town · Kildare · 1597

Captain Warham Sentleger, writing from Monasterevin, reported Faghtna O'More badly hurt and another man wounded; strangely, one of the Connors was taken up from his grave near the skirmish site and greatly keened over.

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On the 1 1 th January, 1597, Captain Warham Sentleger, writing from Monasterevin to the Lord Deputy, reported that Faghtna O’More, “ the best gentleman of them all but Onie (mac Rory), is hurt and not like to live. And another of Onie’s best men, called Donnell O’Doran, is also hurt. One of the Connors has been once or twice taken up from his grave near the place of skirmish, and a great moan (? keen) made for him.”5. This latter piece of news is peculiar, but the explanation may be that the corpse was exhumed for interment elsewhere.
On the 13tli May, 1597, Brian reogh O’More, a brother of Owny mac Rory’s, a man who had seen much service in Ulster

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 45

As the companion tells it

Coming through Monasterevin here in Kildare. In January 1597, Captain Warham Sentleger wrote from this town to the Lord Deputy with news of a skirmish nearby. He reported that Faghtna O'More, called "the best gentleman of them all but Onie," was hurt and not likely to live. A man named Donnell O'Doran was also wounded. The strangest detail was that one of the Connors had been taken up from his grave near the place of skirmish, not once but twice, and a great keen was made over him. The record suggests the body may have been dug up to be buried somewhere else, but it leaves the matter unsettled.

Slaughter at Slighe Dhala, now Ballaghmore

Ballaghmore · townland · Laois

After defeating the Momonians, the Leinster forces pursued them to Slighe Dhala, now called Beallach More Ossery, where they made a dreadful slaughter of the enemy until they had no more foes to kill.

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“The Lagenians, or Men of Leinster, animated with success, pursued the chace, and perceiving that a strong body of the enemy had rallied, and were drawn up in order at Cainthine on Magh Biada ,2 now called Laoighis, that is Laise or Leise Biada, the victors fell upon them with desperate fury and put them to flight ; then pursued them to Slighe Dhala, now called Beallach More Ossery ,3 where the forces of Leinster made so dreadful a slaughter of the Momonians that they were forced to desist for want of enemies to kill ; which victory resettled the state of that Province, and so discouraged the Men of Munster that they never attempted to enlarge their bounds, but were glad to confine themselves within their own Territories.
“ Cuchorb, being reinstated in his dominions by the assistance of Eochaidh Fionn, out of gratitude thought himself obliged to make a recompense for his services, and therefore he generously bestowed upon him the semi Forthortuaghs ,4 and confirmed this donation by perpetuating the right to his posterity for ever.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 10

As the companion tells it

Close to Ballaghmore, a great slaughter once took place at a place called Slighe Dhala, known in later records as Beallach More Ossery. The Men of Leinster, called the Lagenians, had already won a battle and were pursuing the enemy in the chase. They saw that a strong body of the Momonians had rallied and were drawn up in order at Cainthine on Magh Biada, the country now called Laoighis. The victors fell upon them with desperate fury and put them to flight, then pursued them to Slighe Dhala. There the forces of Leinster made so dreadful a slaughter of the Momonians that they were forced to desist, in the words of the source, for want of enemies to kill. That victory resettled the state of the province and so discouraged the Men of Munster that they never again attempted to enlarge their bounds, but were glad to confine themselves within their own territories. After this, Cuchorb, reinstated in his dominions by the assistance of Eochaidh Fionn, granted him the semi Forthortuaghs and confirmed the right to his posterity for ever.

1761 Frenchman's account of ancient castle near Crumlin

Drimnagh · townland · Dublin · 1761

A French traveller in 1761 described an ancient castle half a mile from Crumlin, built in a style resembling French houses, said to have been built by the Barnewalls of Trimlestown who came from Little Britain in France before being driven from their possessions in Munster near Bere Haven.

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1761. A Frenchman, in “A Journey in Ireland” (in the Repository, 1793), says — “Half a mile from Crumlin, on the right hand, there is an ancient castle, which appears to be in good order ; it is built much after the form of several houses in France. Upon inquiry, I am informed that it was built by the ancient family of the Barnewalls of Trimlestown. They came over from Little Britain in France, and joining with some of the first adventurers from Wales to this kingdom, they had for their eminent services several great possessions in Munster, about Bereliaven, but quarrelling with the natives, and meeting with a superior force, they were driven from thence ; they erected this castle and settled here.”
The Barnewalls of Drimnagh were the parent stock of the family of which the present Baronet of the name is now the chief line, and Lord Trimlestown a branch.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 119

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Drimnagh, a French traveller in 1761 found an ancient castle that appeared to be in good order, built, he said,

Archbishop Price unroofed Cashel Cathedral in 1749

Cashel · townland · Tipperary · 1749

The members inspected the remains of the Cathedral at Cashel, which Archbishop Price, to his eternal disgrace, unroofed in the year 1749, before viewing the Dominican Priory and Hore Abbey nearby.

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Arrived at the celebrated Chapel of the Bishop-King, Cormac MacCarthy, the Archdeacon of Kildare read the description of the building given by Lord Dunraven in his “ Notes on Irish Architecture,” and pointed out its various features of interest. The two crofts above the Chapel and its chancel were then visited, and the visitors proceeded to inspect the remains of the Cathedral, which Archbishop Price, to his eternal disgrace, unroofed in the year 17 49. The Dominican Priory was viewed on the route from the Cathedral to the town, and some of the members afterwards visited the ruins of Hore Abbey, in the low ground near the railway station.
Thus ended one of the most interesting and instructive Excursions made by the Society ; the only thing to be regretted being that so few of the members were able to take part in it, owing to the impossibility of completing this Excursion in the one day, by those on the Tullow and Kilkenny branch lines.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 282

As the companion tells it

Close to Cashel, you have the remains of the Cathedral, which Archbishop Price unroofed in 1749, to what one writer called his "eternal disgrace." A visiting society came here and inspected the ruins, having first taken in Cormac MacCarthy's Chapel, the celebrated church of the Bishop-King. From the Cathedral they walked toward the town and viewed the Dominican Priory on the way, and some of them afterwards visited the ruins of Hore Abbey in the low ground near the railway station. The society remarked that the excursion was one of their most interesting, though few members managed to take part, as the route could not be completed in a single day by those travelling on the Tullow and Kilkenny branch lines.

Army passage through Blackford near Stradbally

Stradbally · town · Laois · 1599

On the 15th of May the Earl of Essex's army marched towards Stradbally through the passage of Blackford, a difficult place where the rebels usually fought, but they abandoned their fortifications rather than risk a fight there.

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“The 15th, the army marched towards Stradbally, holding on their course through the passage of Blackford, a place of difficulty, where the rebels were ever used to fight Her Majesty’s forces ; but now, notwithstanding they had entrenched it, and shewed themselves upon it, yet, seeing the order of our march, they rather chose to lose the labour of all their fortifications than to hazard a fight in that place.
“ The 16th, the Lord Lieutenant, after a short march (from Stradbally) directed the army to Ballyknockan, two miles wide of the Fort of Maryborough, towards the mountains of Sleaghnegree, going himself with the convoy of victuals, attended on with 2U0 horse and 500 foot, which he carried to place in the Fort. By the way he sent 50 of those horse and 300 foot to a castle of Terence O’Dempsey (of Ballybrittas), Chief of that Name, where remained two or three prisoners, taken by the said Terence, who was commanded to go along with those troops and to bring the

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 51

As the companion tells it

In May 1599, the Earl of Essex's army was on the march, making its way toward Stradbally. The route took them through the passage of Blackford, a place of difficulty where the rebels were ever used to fight Her Majesty's forces. The rebels had entrenched it this time. They showed themselves upon it, ready for a confrontation. But when they saw the order of the army's march, they chose otherwise. They abandoned the labour of all their fortifications rather than hazard a fight in that place. So the passage was taken without blood. The next day, the Lord Lieutenant directed the army from Stradbally to Ballyknockan, two miles wide of the Fort of Maryborough, toward the mountains of Sleaghnegree. Essex himself went with the convoy of victuals, attended with 200 horse and 500 foot, which he carried to place in the Fort. By the way he sent 50 of those horse and 300 foot to a castle of Terence O'Dempsey of Ballybrittas, Chief of that Name.

Battle of Callan and burial at Tralee Abbey

Tralee · townland · Kerry · 1261

John fitz Thomas FitzGerald, known as John of Callan, was slain along with his son by the MacCarthys in the Battle of Callan in 1261, and both were buried in the Abbey of Tralee which he had founded.

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Slain, with his son, by the Mac Carthys in the Battle of Callan in 1261. Buried in the Abbey of Tralee which he had founded.
Thomas fitz Maurice FitzGerald = Eleanor dc Marisco, known as “ Toraais More,” or I d. of Jordan de Marisco. Thomas the Great.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 3

As the companion tells it

Close to Tralee stands the abbey John fitz Thomas FitzGerald founded and where he was laid to rest. In 1261 he and his son were slain by the MacCarthys at the Battle of Callan, and both were buried here in the abbey he had built.

Bective Abbey Paved with Encaustic Tiles by Earl of Kildare

Bective Abbey · monument · Meath · 1146–1500

Bective Abbey was founded for the Cistercians around 1146-1152 by Murrough mac Donnell O'Melaghlin, King of Tara. About 1500, Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, embellished the church and paved it with encaustic tiles bearing his arms and the motto 'Si Dieu Plet Crom abo'.

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Bective Abbey -was founded for the Cistercians in 1146 or 1152, by Murrough mac Donnell O’Melaghlin, King of Tara, who died in 1153. About the year 1500 Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, embellished the Church of Bective Abbey, and paved it with encaustic tiles, some of which, as shown here, bore his arms and motto — “Si Dieu Plet Crom abo.” Two other instances occur where these words are used — (1) on
the Earl of Kildare’s stone table, dated 1533, now at Carton, and formerly in the Council House of Maynooth Castle ; and (2) on the chimneypiece of the Puckaun room in Kilkea Castle, dated 1573. In 1494, at a Parliament held in Drogheda, an Act was passed abolishing “Crom-a-bo,” “ Butler-a-bo,” and similar war-cries in Ireland ; but, seemingly in defiance, the Earls of Kildare continued the practice, with the addition of “Si Dieu plet” (If God pleases, Crom-a-bo). The tile is 5| square and lj inches thick.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 323

As the companion tells it

Founded around 1146 for the Cistercians by Murrough mac Donnell O'Melaghlin, King of Tara, Bective Abbey stands in Meath. O'Melaghlin died in 1153. About 1500, Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, embellished the church and paved it with encaustic tiles bearing his arms and his motto, "Si Dieu Plet Crom abo." The same words appear on the Earl's stone table dated 1533, now at Carton and formerly in the Council House of Maynooth Castle, and on the chimneypiece of the Puckaun room in Kilkea Castle, dated 1573. In 1494, a Parliament in Drogheda passed an Act abolishing "Crom-a-bo," "Butler-a-bo," and similar war-cries in Ireland. The Earls of Kildare continued the practice in defiance, adding "Si Dieu plet," meaning if God pleases, Crom-a-bo. The tile is 5 inches square and 1.5 inches thick.

Carlow Castle built to guard the Barrow ford

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1189–1209

Carlow had no historical importance before the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, and the castle was built to guard the ford in the Barrow and protect tenants from hostile Irish neighbours. Its construction is attributed to William le Mareschal after 1189.

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There is no mention of Carlow in the Irish Annals previous to the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in this country; this tends to prove that it was a place of no historical importance until after the erection of the castle, which was built to guard the ford in the Barrow, and to protect the tenants of the Lord of the Manor from their hostile and troublesome Irish neighbours.
When and by whom the castle was built has not so far been decided with a certainty ; but, as it is first mentioned in a charter granted to the Burgesses of Carlow about the year 1209, by William le Mareschal (or Marshal), Earl of Pembroke, and Lord of the Manor, its erection in all probability was undertaken by him after he succeeded to the Lordship of Leinster on his marriage in 1189 with Isabel, daughter and heir of Strongbow. It is known for a fact that he built Kilkenny Castle, and the castle formerly at Kildare, so that it is only natural to conclude that other castles on his estates were also erected by him. It is a remarkable fact that the ancient portions or the existing ruins of the Castles of Carlow, Lea (Queen’s County), Kilkenny, Ferns, and Enniscorthy show that their keeps were all built on the same plan, viz. : an oblong building, with large round towers at the four angles ; this noticeable feature strikes one that these castles were built about the same period, and by the same owner.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 214

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Carlow stands what remains of a castle built to guard the ford in the River Barrow. The Irish Annals make no mention of Carlow before the Anglo-Normans came, which suggests it carried no real historical importance until the castle went up. It was built to protect the tenants of the Lord of the Manor from what the record calls their hostile and troublesome Irish neighbours. Who built it and when has not been settled with certainty, but the castle is first mentioned in a charter granted to the Burgesses of Carlow around the year 1209, by William le Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of the Manor. He had succeeded to the Lordship of Leinster through his marriage in 1189 to Isabel, the daughter and heir of Strongbow. It is known that he built Kilkenny Castle and the castle that once stood at Kildare, so the record argues it is only natural to conclude that other castles on his estates were also his work. There is a further detail that supports this. The ancient portions and ruins of the castles of Carlow, Lea in Queen's County, Kilkenny, Ferns, and Enniscorthy all show keeps built on the same plan: an oblong building with large round towers at the four angles. The record says this noticeable feature suggests these castles were built around the same period, and by the same owner.

Discovery of skeleton chamber and boulder near Haynestown Castle

Haynestown · townland · Kildare

A sandstone boulder covered with sharpening scores, once mistaken for an Ogham stone, was found near the site of Haynestown Castle, of which only the arched bawn gateway remains. About forty years earlier the landlord Captain Tickell had unearthed the boulder and, nearby, a slab-lined chamber containing a skeleton, after which the excavation was halted.

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The tenant of the farm, Mr. Peter Traynor, kindly supplied the following information : — About forty years ago his landlord, the late Captain Tiekell, when raising stones for drainage purposes, dug up this boulder, which partially projected from the ground ; while continuing the work, about a perch from it, higher up the bank, the labourers discovered a slab-lined chamber which contained a skeleton, on finding which the work was stopped by Captain Tiekell, and the boulder has since lain in its present position.
The historical notices of Haynestown are very few.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun

As the companion tells it

Close to Haynestown, where only the arched bawn gateway of the castle remains, a sandstone boulder covered with sharpening scores was once mistaken for an Ogham stone. The tenant Peter Traynor said about forty years before, his landlord Captain Tickell was raising stones for drainage when he dug up the boulder, which partially projected from the ground. About a perch from it, higher up the bank, the labourers found a slab-lined chamber containing a skeleton. On finding it, Captain Tickell stopped the work, and the boulder has lain there since.

Duke of Clarence Fortifies Carlow and Moves Exchequer

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1361

In 1361 Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Justiciary of Ireland, removed the Exchequer from Dublin to Catherlough and spent £500 building fortifications for the town. The Exchequer could not be maintained there long due to constant attacks by Dermot MacMurrough of Hy Kinshellagh.

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In 1361 Lionel, son of King Edward III, Duke of Clarence, and Justiciary of Ireland, removed the Exchequer from Dublin to Catherlough ; he also expended the sum of £500 in building fortifications to the town (parietes ville).2 In spite of the expenditure of this large sum, it was found that the Exchequer could not for long be maintained at Carlow, owing to the danger it was in from the continual attacks made by Dermot “ of the red hand” MacMurrough of Hy Kinshellagh.3 In 1587 the town of Carlow is described as “ being walled alredye ” (State Papers of Henry VIII, vol. ii, p. 413) ; this probably refers to the work undertaken in this year by the Duke of Clarence.
In 1375 a great plague raged in the country; it decimated the populations in the towns of Wexford, Dublin, Naas, Athie, Carlough, and Leighlin-bridge.4

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 220

As the companion tells it

Close to Carlow, in 1361, Lionel, son of King Edward III, Duke of Clarence and Justiciary of Ireland, removed the Exchequer from Dublin to this place, then called Catherlough. He spent £500 building fortifications for the town. But the Exchequer could not be maintained there long. Dermot MacMurrough of Hy Kinshellagh, called "of the red hand," made continual attacks, and the danger was too great. The walls undertaken that year were probably still standing in 1587, when the town was described as "being walled alredye." In 1375, a great plague raged through the country and decimated the populations of Wexford, Dublin, Naas, Athy, Carlow, and Leighlin Bridge.

Dunamase as ancient stronghold of Leix kings

Park or Dunamase · townland · Laois

From pre-historic times Dunamase served as the stronghold and chief residence of the kings and rulers of Leix, marked on Ptolemy's ancient map as the Dunum, a work of the second century.

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Dunamase from pre-historic times was the stronghold and chief residence of the kings and rulers of Leix. Before the Christian era the territory had no separate existence, but formed a part of the Kingdom of Leinster, and was inhabited by people under the jurisdiction of its rulers.
About the time of the Christian era there flourished in Ulster a renowned hero of the Bed Branch Knights, called Conall Cearnach. He was leader of Conor Mac Nessa’s army, and he conducted the war against King Oilioll and Queen Meave of Connaught. The Red Branch Knights waged war against the men of Leinster to enforce the payment of the Burumean tribute, and defeated them at the battle of Ros-na-Righ (Rossnaree), and in several other battles, with the result that they finally settled down in the territory of Leix, which they divided into seven tribe-lands, under the government of seven subordinate and petty chiefs. This Celtic heptarchy was subject in turn to the jurisdiction of an arch-king, called the Righ, who claimed descent from the renowned Conall Cearnach abovementioned. His descendants were the O’Mores of Leix, and one of this sept ruled as high-king, or ard-righ, over Leix, having his chief residence at Dunamase.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 123

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Dunamase, the ancient stronghold of the kings of Leix. From pre-historic times it served as their chief residence. Ptolemy marked it on his ancient map as Dunum, in the second century. Before the Christian era, this territory had no separate existence. It formed part of the Kingdom of Leinster, inhabited by people under the jurisdiction of its rulers. About the time of the Christian era, a renowned hero of the Red Branch Knights flourished in Ulster. His name was Conall Cearnach. He was leader of Conor Mac Nessa's army, and he conducted the war against King Oilioll and Queen Meave of Connaught. The Red Branch Knights waged war against the men of Leinster to enforce the payment of the Burumean tribute. They defeated them at the battle of Ros-na-Righ, and in several other battles. They settled in the territory of Leix, dividing it into seven tribe-lands under seven subordinate petty chiefs. This Celtic heptarchy was subject to the jurisdiction of an arch-king, called the Righ, who claimed descent from Conall Cearnach. His descendants were the O'Mores of Leix, and one of this sept ruled as high-king over Leix, with his chief residence at Dunamase.

Dunamase passes to Strongbow via marriage to Princess Eva

Park or Dunamase · townland · Laois · 1170

On the arrival of the English, Dunamase was held by Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster; it passed to Strongbow through his marriage to Princess Eva, and later to William, Earl Marshall, through his marriage to their daughter Isabel.

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On the arrival of the English, Dunamase was in possession of Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster. It fell into the possession of Strongbow on his marriage with the Princess Eva ; and when their only daughter, Isabel, married William, Earl Marshall, Dunamase, with the adjacent territory, became the property of the said Earl.
The following extracts from the State Papers have reference to Dunamase at this period : —

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 124

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Park or Dunamase stands the rock of Dunamase. In 1170, when the English arrived, Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster, held it. It passed to Strongbow through his marriage to Princess Eva, and later to William, Earl Marshall, when he married their only daughter Isabel.

Founding of Abbeyleix Cistercian Abbey

Abbeyleix · town · Laois · 1188

In 1188 the Cistercian Abbey 'de Lege Dei', alias the Monastery of Leix or Abbeyleix, was founded by Cucogry O'More, lord of Leix, as a daughter house of Baltinglass Abbey.

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1188. The Cistercian Abbey u de Lege Dei,” alias the Monastery of Leix, or Abbeyleix, was founded by Cucogry O’More, lord of Leix. This Abbey was a daughter of the Abbey of Baltinglass, founded by Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster, in 1148 or 1151. (See Father Carrigan’s “ History of the Diocese of Ossory.”)
1196. Mahon, the son of Conor “ Moinmoy ” O’Conor, Koydamna (i.e., Prince) of Connaught was slain by O’More (Donnell) and the men of Leix, who attempted to prevent him from bearing off the spoil he had taken from the English ; but O’More was killed by Mahon’s brother, Cathal “ carrach ” (i.e., the scabbed) O’Conor, in revenge of him.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 21

As the companion tells it

The town of Abbeyleix takes its name from a Cistercian abbey founded here in 1188. The house was called de Lege Dei, also known as the Monastery of Leix. It was founded by Cucogry O'More, lord of Leix, as a daughter house of Baltinglass Abbey, which Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster, had founded in 1148 or 1151. Eight years later, in 1196, there was more blood tied to the O'More name. Mahon, son of Conor Moinmoy O'Conor, Prince of Connaught, was slain by Donnell O'More and the men of Leix. They had tried to stop Mahon carrying off spoil taken from the English. But O'More himself was killed in revenge by Mahon's brother, Cathal Carrach O'Conor.

Garrison Duty and Raids at Ballymore-Eustace

Ballymore Eustace · town · Kildare · 1306–1450

The Eustaces served as Wardens of the Marches at Ballymore, maintaining a garrison funded by 'smoke money' taxed on hearths, with no Irishmen permitted in the guard to prevent collusion with the mountain O'Tooles and O'Byrnes. The castle in 1450 is described as containing a ruinous hall and thatched out-offices, and in 1306 the garrison numbered five mounted officers, twelve horsemen, and forty bowmen.

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formidable and turbulent neighbours, and the inhabitants of Ballymore could seldom have gone to bed without the apprehension of being roused by an incursion from the mountains, in spite of castle and garrison. The duty of the Wardens was done but carelessly, and about 1450 the castle is described as containing a ruinous hall, a chamber for the Archbishop, a chapel, a little chamber for clerks, a kitchen roofed with shingles, and thatched out-offices. The castle must have been of considerable size, for in 1306 the garrison consisted of five mounted officers, twelve well-armed horsemen, and forty bowmen well equipped. The ward was maintained by “ smoke money,” a tax of a halfpenny on every hearth. It used to be stipulated that no Irishman should be employed in the guard. This was to prevent collusion with the mountain men.
It would be hard to enumerate the sufferings of the townspeople, sometimes from the O’Tooles and sometimes from the soldiery employed to protect them. It was no unfrequent thing for the town to be burned, as in 1306 and 1572. It was of much less consequence when the raiders contented themselves with plunder, as in 1419, when O’Toole took 400 cows belonging to Ballymore, or in 1468, when the Archbishop was unable to visit the district on account of its disturbed state. It suffered again in the rebellion of 1798, since which its annals have been uneventful. The present bridge was built adjacent to the ruins of an older structure, probably destroyed by a flood.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 205

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Ballymore Eustace, you are travelling through a town that once lived under constant threat from the mountains. The Eustaces served as Wardens of the Marches here, and the garrison was kept up by smoke money, a tax of a halfpenny on every hearth. No Irishman was permitted in the guard, to prevent collusion with the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes who came raiding down from the heights. In 1306 the garrison numbered five mounted officers, twelve horsemen, and forty bowmen, yet the townspeople could seldom have gone to bed without fear of being roused by an incursion. The town was burned in 1306 and again in 1572. In 1419 O'Toole took 400 cows belonging to Ballymore, and in 1468 the Archbishop could not visit the district because of its disturbed state. By 1450 the castle held a ruinous hall, a chamber for the Archbishop, a chapel, a kitchen roofed with shingles, and thatched out-offices. It suffered again in the rebellion of 1798, since which its annals have been uneventful.

George Gernon's forced grant of the manor of Agher

Agher · townland · Meath · 1558–1566

Following Parys's forfeiture, George Gernon secured a lease and later fee-simple grant of the castle and lands of Agher from Queen Elizabeth, and despite royal orders to surrender the lordship to Parys, Gernon refused, prompting the Privy Council to intervene.

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It would seem that at last an order was made for the transfer of the estate to its original owner ; what terms were offered at this stage to Gerland we do not know, but we have very good evidence that its new tenant strongly objected to eviction. On 7th August, 1566, Hugh Curwen, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor, in a letter to the Privy Council, “ acknowledges receipt of Queen’s letters to Lord Justice and Lord Chancellor to take surrender of the lordship of Agher of George Gerland in favour of George Parysh. Garland’s refusal to make the aforesaid surrender, or to come before the Chancellor. The Privy Council to devise some remedy for George Parysh, the bearer.”1
In the following February a grant was issued by the Queen to George Parysh of 4H7 2s. 6d. per annum, “the rent of the manor of Agher, and also remainder to him of the said manor, after the determination of the estate tail made to George Garland.”

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 148

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Agher, a castle and its lands changed hands. George Parys had been forfeited, and between 1558 and 1566 George Garland took the estate on lease and later by fee-simple grant from Queen Elizabeth. An order was eventually made to return it to its original owner, but Garland refused. On 7 August 1566, Hugh Curwen, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor, wrote to the Privy Council. He acknowledged receipt of the Queen's letters to the Lord Justice and Lord Chancellor to take surrender of the lordship from George Garland in favour of George Parysh. Garland refused to make the surrender, and refused to come before the Chancellor. The Privy Council was to devise some remedy for George Parysh, the bearer. The following February, the Queen issued a grant to George Parysh of the rent of the manor, and the remainder to him after the determination of the estate tail made to George Garland.

Gerald FitzGerald wrests Powerscourt from the O'Tooles

Powerscourt · parish · Wicklow · 1500–1540

In the early sixteenth century Gerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, found it necessary to seize Powerscourt from the O'Tooles and spent a large sum rebuilding and strengthening the castle, later giving it to his brother Richard.

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When, or from what individual, Powerscourt (pronounced Poer’s Court) received its name is not known ; but it is a name of very early origin, though previous to the sixteenth century “The Annals” and “Calendars of State Papers make no mention of it. That it was a place of great strategic importance to the Government for keeping in check the hostile septs of the O’Tooles and the O’Byrnes, and for preventing their forays into the County Dublin, is proved by the fact that during the early part of the sixteenth century Gerald, the 9th Earl of Kildare (probably when Lord Deputy), found it necessary to wrest Powerscourt from the O’Tooles, and to cause a large sum of money to be expended in rebuilding and strengthening the castle, which he handed over to his brother Richard.
1 In the eastern portion of Fercullen was a sub-district called “Glencap.” which is often mentioned in the Inquisitions and Fiants.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 102

As the companion tells it

You are travelling through Powerscourt parish, a place whose very early origin is known, though no record before the sixteenth century explains it. Powerscourt, pronounced Poer's Court, held great strategic importance for the Government, keeping in check the hostile septs of the O'Tooles and the O'Byrnes, and preventing their forays into County Dublin. In the early part of the sixteenth century, Gerald, the 9th Earl of Kildare, probably while Lord Deputy, found it necessary to wrest Powerscourt from the O'Tooles. He caused a large sum of money to be expended in rebuilding and strengthening the castle there. When that work was done, he handed the castle over to his brother Richard.

Gerald Lynch of Lynch's Knock forfeits estate for 1641 rebellion

Summerhill · street · Meath · 1641

Gerald Lynch, master of the mansion at the Knock (Summerhill) in the seventeenth century, subsequently forfeited his estate for his adherence to the cause of the Irish Catholics in the rebellion of 1641.

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Unfortunately we have no intrinsic evidence as to the allusions in this fragment. But they seem to fit no other locality in Ireland in the seventeenth century. Cnoc-Samhruidh was evidently a well-known place ; its owner a person of importance, perhaps loosely styled an “ Earl ” ; its castle walled in and fortified, and placed on a pleasailt height ; and we now know that at that period the master of the mansion was Gerald Lynch, from whom the mendicant friar might reasonably have expected a welcome, as he was one of the same faith as his visitor, and subsequently forfeited his estate for his adherence to the cause of the Irish Catholics in 1641.
If we extend our search to England, a very plausible explanation occurs. Knocksawry may be the Irish friar’s rendering of Somerhill, in Kent, a manor and residence of the Irish Catholic peer, Clanricarde. Richard fourth Earl of

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun

As the companion tells it

A forfeited estate at Summerhill in Meath. In the seventeenth century the place was called Cnoc-Samhruidh, the Knock, and it was well known. Its castle was walled in and fortified, and stood on a pleasant height. Its owner was a person of importance, perhaps loosely styled an “earl.” The master of the mansion was Gerald Lynch. A mendicant friar might have expected a welcome from him, for Lynch was of the same faith as his visitor. These details fit no other locality in Ireland in that period. Gerald Lynch subsequently forfeited his estate for his adherence to the cause of the Irish Catholics in the rebellion of 1641.

Hiberno-Romanesque western doorway of Killeshin church

Killeshin · townland · Laois · 1000–1100

The western doorway of Killeshin church is described as one of the best specimens of Hiberno-Romanesque art in Ireland, elaborately carved with animals, birds, and a human head keystone with curled moustache and beard.

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The western doorway is one of the best specimens in Ireland of the Hiberno-Romanesque art ; it is of four orders, and elaborately carved with a great variety of patterns, the second arch being ornamented with representations of animals and birds ; while the keystone of the outer arch consists of a human head in relief, its moustache and beard being arranged in peculiar curled locks.
The Western Doorway of Killeshin Church Ruins restored. [From a Photograph by Mason, Dublin.]

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 140

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Killeshin stands the western doorway of a church, and it's counted among the best specimens of Hiberno-Romanesque art in Ireland. It has four orders, carved with a great variety of patterns. The second arch is ornamented with animals and birds. The keystone of the outer arch is a human head in relief, its moustache and beard arranged in peculiar curled locks.

Ineffective border wardens of Dunsany and Dangan

Dangan · townland · Meath · 1587

A 1587 letter from the Lords Justices to King Henry VIII describes the Plunketts of Dunsany, Killeen and Rathmore, and the Lord of Dangan, as ineffective wardens who allowed the border marches to be overrun and wasted by Irishmen.

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In the days of King Henry VIII it would seem that some of the wardens of the border were not over-efficient. In a letter from the Lords Justices to the King, dated April 29th, 1587, the Plunketts, Lords of Dunsany, Killeen, and Kathmore, are thus described for the information of His Majesty : — “ They be neither men of wisdome to give counsaile ne (nor) yet men of activitie ; and having the same possessions that their faders had, they keepe in maner no men for the defence of the marches, but suffre the same to be oppressed, overynne, and wasted by Irishmen, whereby the Kinges proufyttes and strength dayly dismynysheth there.” Of the King’s standard-bearer the writers briefly remark : — “ The Lord of Dengan, within the same shyre, is after the same sort.”3
About three miles from Kilcock the road enters the civil parish of Drumlargan, passing over Drumlargan hill. On the right or eastern side of the road is the old church already alluded to, while on the left on the summit of the hill there is a wood locally called the Crookahane. This highest portion of the hill was formerly known as Dunganstown ; and there on August 3rd, 1647, was fought the battle of Dunganstown, or Dungan hill, to which I shall refer later on. Dunganstown is not marked on the Ordnance Survey Map, but is shown very clearly, as a separate townland, on Sir W. Petty’s map of the forfeited estates in the parish of Drumlargan. The road here somewhat abruptly dips and brings us to Lord Langford's demesne, and there begins the ascent of Summerhill.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Dangan, in 1587, the Lords Justices wrote to King Henry VIII to report that some of the wardens of the border were not over-efficient. The Plunketts, Lords of Dunsany, Killeen, and Rathmore, were described for the information of His Majesty. The letter said of them: "They be neither men of wisdome to give counsaile ne yet men of activitie; and having the same possessions that their faders had, they keepe in maner no men for the defence of the marches, but suffre the same to be oppressed, overynne, and wasted by Irishmen, whereby the Kinges proufyttes and strength dayly dismynysheth there." The writers then turned to the King's standard-bearer and remarked briefly: "The Lord of Dengan, within the same shyre, is after the same sort." So the Lord of Dangan was judged no better than the Plunketts. He too held his lands but kept no men to defend the marches. He too let the border be overrun and wasted. The Justices told the King that his profits and strength there were diminishing daily because of it. These were the men charged with holding the frontier, and the letter said plainly that they were failing him.

Kilteel commandery as outpost against the mountain Irish

Kilteel · parish · Kildare · 1200–1299

Kilteel (or Kilheale), above Kill, was a Hospitaller commandery founded by Maurice FitzGerald in the thirteenth century, functioning as a military outpost against the O'Tooles and other 'mountain Irish' on the marches of Kildare.

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Kilteel was founded by Maurice FitzGerald in the thirteenth century. When the Hospitallers were abolished, Kilteel was still a necessary post of defence, because it was “ situated in the marches of Kildare near the Irish enemies, the Tholes (O’Tooles), where resistance and defence are required.”
The preceptory of Tully was important and wealthy, and was no doubt intended for the protection of Kildare; and numerous chapters of the Order were held there in the fourteenth century.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

The parish of Kilteel was founded as a Hospitaller commandery by Maurice FitzGerald in the thirteenth century. It served as a military outpost on the marches of Kildare, against the O'Tooles and other mountain Irish. Even when the Hospitallers were abolished, Kilteel remained a necessary post of defence, a place "where resistance and defence are required."

Knockmoy Abbey caretaker and tombs in County Galway

Knockmoy · townland · Clare

The ruins of Knockmoy Abbey in County Galway are a National Monument, cared for by an old caretaker dressed in swallow-tail coat and knee-breeches, who mowed the grass on which the abbey stands; a story about a headstone bearing the name 'Rabbit,' an English translation of O'Cunneen, is recorded there.

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locality. “It is?, your honour,” said lie, “I’m a Rabbit meself.” “ That’s not an Irish name,” said I. “ Thrue for ye,” said he, “me rale name is O’Cunneen, which is Rabbit when Englished.” It is to be hoped, if he took my advice, that he did not again disgrace himself by assuming an English name ; this was before the days of the Gaelic League, so maybe the people have more sense and a greater pride in their nationality now.
Though the Connaught man does not mix up the two languages, yet he sometimes uses English words in a peculiar way. For instance, one man told me he was very fearful when passing a place supposed to be haunted. Again, when at Dun Angus, on Inislimore, one of the Isles of Aran, seated on the cliffs by the side of a pampootied islander, who was fishing, I was looking through my field-glasses at a “ pookawn ” sailing in the distance ; presently he asked me for the loan of my looking-glass . On another occasion I was being driven on a car between Clonbur and Maum in the county Galway, and when passing a glen, which had got a bad name for lawlessness, the driver informed me that the inhabitants of it were cannibals (savages, I suppose, he meant). Misnomers of this sort are of course due to a limited acquaintance with the English language.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 327

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here stand the ruins of Knockmoy Abbey in County Galway, a National Monument. An old caretaker looked after the place, dressed in a swallow-tail coat and knee-breeches, and he mowed the grass on which the abbey stands. A headstone there bears the name Rabbit. When a visitor remarked on the name, the caretaker spoke up. "It is, your honour," said he, "I'm a Rabbit meself." The visitor told him that was not an Irish name. "Thrue for ye," said he, "me rale name is O'Cunneen, which is Rabbit when Englished." The visitor hoped, if the man took his advice, that he did not again disgrace himself by assuming an English name. This was before the days of the Gaelic League, so the visitor thought maybe the people have more sense and a greater pride in their nationality now. The same writer noted that the Connaught man does not mix up the two languages, yet sometimes uses English words in a peculiar way. For instance, one man told him he was very fearful when passing a place supposed to be haunted.

Major Finglas Absent at Mass in Ballynaskeagh

Ballynaskeagh · townland · Westmeath · 1647

Major Finglas and his company were absent during the fight at Dungan Hill, having been at Ballynaskeagh about five miles away, where the Major was hearing Mass when news of Preston's defeat reached him.

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This statement seems to have been substantially correct. Lord Inchiquin, commanding for the Parliament in Munster, in a letter of 18th August, 1647, says : “ About three days before the fight Preston’s confidence was such that he suffered part of the Leinster forces to come into this province.”1 Major Finglas and his company were certainly absent during the fight. From the sworn deposition of a Parliamentary spy we learn that they were at Ballynaskeagli, about five miles away, where the Major was hearing Mass, when the news of Preston’s defeat reached him.2
Preston seems to have been relatively weak in cavalry. The allowance of 800 or 1,000 horse to 7,000 foot in the Leinster Army would never have satisfied the great Parliamentary Generals, who assigned the highest value to this arm. Monk laid it down as a principle that a field army should have one horseman to two footmen ; Essex, in 1644, had 8,000 horse with 7,500 foot ; Fairfax, in the army of the New Model (1645), 7,600 horse with 14,500 foot. They attached the highest importance to the cavalry command, which was usually reserved for the General or Lieutenant-General of the army. Cromwell was General of Horse, and first established his military reputation by his superior handling of the cavalry at Marston Moor. Under his training the Parliamentary horsemen developed a striking power, before which Rupert and his dashing cavaliers eventually collapsed. Two principles the great Puritan master persistently impressed upon his troopers — that they should always take the initiative, and charge the enemy instead of letting him charge them ; and that they should reserve their fire until they came to close quarters.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 297

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Ballynaskeagh, in 1647, a Major Finglas and his company missed the fight at Dungan Hill. Lord Inchiquin, commanding for the Parliament in Munster, wrote in a letter of 18th August 1647 that about three days before the battle, Preston's confidence was such that he suffered part of the Leinster forces to come into this province. Major Finglas and his company were certainly absent during the fight. A sworn deposition from a Parliamentary spy tells us where they were. They were at Ballynaskeagh, about five miles away, and the Major was hearing Mass when the news of Preston's defeat reached him. Preston seems to have been relatively weak in cavalry. The allowance of 800 or 1,000 horse to 7,000 foot in the Leinster Army would never have satisfied the great Parliamentary Generals, who assigned the highest value to this arm. Monk laid it down as a principle that a field army should have one horseman to two footmen. Essex, in 1644, had 8,000 horse with 7,500 foot. Fairfax, in the army of the New Model in 1645, had 7,600 horse with 14,500 foot. They attached the highest importance to the cavalry command, which was usually reserved for the General or Lieutenant-General of the army. Cromwell was General of Horse, and first established his military reputation by his superior handling of the cavalry at Marston Moor.

Old Pale rampart through Clongoweswood

near Clongoweswood · population centre · Kildare

The old rampart of the Pale terminated at Clane, coming from Kilcock and passing through Clongoweswood, where a portion of it may still be seen, consisting of a deep double ditch with a high earthen rampart topped by a palisade with watch towers.

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At Clane the old rampart of the Pale terminated. It came from Kilcock, and passed through Clongoweswood, where a portion of it may still be seen. It consisted of a deep double ditch with a high rampart of earth thrown up between. This was topped by a strong palisade. Towers for watchmen were built at intervals along its course, and the inhabitants were obliged to keep it in repair and maintain a guard. From Clane upwards the river itself became the boundary, passing by Newbridge and Kilcullen to Ballymore-Eustace, and the fords along its course were, as we have seen, protected by castles or towers.
Lower down than Clane comes the modern bridge of Irishtown, and recently a foot-bridge has been constructed in the demesne. Then come the ford and bridge of Straffan. The bridge is not 100 years old, and affords a fine prospect of the river and Straffan house. I think there is a ford at Lodge Park ; at least I have heard of the hunt crossing the river there ; but there is no bridge till we come to Celbridge. Here, in the grounds of the Abbey, is a solid stone foot-bridge of five arches approached by steps at either end, and leading to Vanessa’s Bower, a stone grotto a little further up the river. Mr. Kirkpatrick, who showed it to me, considers it as something unique of its kind, and I know of nothing like it. It is but 4 feet wide, with solid stone parapets, and commands a beautiful view of the river. The masonry of the arches is different from any I have seen, every second stone being set with a projection. Celbridge Abbey, whose grounds on both sides of the river this bridge connects, has long since disappeared. Indeed there are reasons for doubting whether there was ever an ecclesiastical building there. The spot has become classical from the sad romance of Esther Von Homrigh, better known as Vanessa,

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 207

As the companion tells it

A portion of the old rampart of the Pale may still be seen at Clongoweswood, a place the road passes through. The rampart came from Kilcock and ran to Clane, where it ended. What survives is a deep double ditch with a high rampart of earth thrown up between. On top of that earthen wall stood a strong palisade. Towers for watchmen were built at intervals along the course, and the inhabitants were obliged to keep it in repair and maintain a guard. From Clane upwards the river itself became the boundary, passing by Newbridge and Kilcullen to Ballymore-Eustace. The fords along its course were protected by castles or towers. Lower down than Clane comes the modern bridge of Irishtown, and a foot-bridge has been constructed in the demesne. Then come the ford and bridge of Straffan. The bridge is not 100 years old, and affords a fine prospect of the river and Straffan House. There may be a ford at Lodge Park, but there is no bridge until Celbridge. In the grounds of the Abbey is a solid stone foot-bridge of five arches approached by steps at either end, leading to Vanessa's Bower, a stone grotto a little further up the river. It is but 4 feet wide, with solid stone parapets, and commands a beautiful view of the river. The masonry of the arches is unusual, every second stone being set with a projection. Celbridge Abbey, whose grounds on both sides of the river this bridge connects, has long since disappeared. There are reasons for doubting whether there was ever an ecclesiastical building there. The spot has become known from the romance of Esther Von Homrigh, better known as Vanessa.

Ormonde relieves Carlow and Clogh-grenan in 1642

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1642

On 5th April 1642, the Earl of Ormonde, having reached Athy, sent parties to relieve the besieged castles and towns of Carlow, Clogh-grenan, and Ballylinan, rescuing many women, children and other distressed persons.

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On the 5th of April, 1642, the Earl of Ormonde commanding the forces of the Crown reached Athy from Dublin, from whence he 44 sent out several parties to relieve Caterlagh, Clogh-grenan, Ballylinan, and several other Castles and towns then in distress, which they did without much opposition, releasing many women and children, and other unprofitable people, much incommoding those places.2
In April, 1646, a Major Harrison was in command of the king’s garrison in Carlow. On the 3rd of the month Owen roe O’Neill wrote to him, protesting against the conduct of some of his troopers, who, during the cessation of hostilities, had taken from one Shane O’Neill eighteen horses and mares, which Owen roe requested should be returned, “ otherwise,” he added, “ assure yourselfe I will tacke a course to see them redrest.”3 In the same year the Confederate leader, General Thomas Preston, marched his army to Carlow in the month of May, and commenced to batter the Castle with his Artillery, but failing to make much impression on it, he took his Artillery across the Barrow and planted it against 4 4 the bridge-castle ” in Graigue, also called the White Castle, which presently capitulated, and the garrison was permitted to march to Dublin.4 [There is now no trace of 44 the White Castle ” in Graigue.]

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 243

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in April 1642, the Earl of Ormonde commanded the forces of the Crown and reached Athy from Dublin. On the 5th of April he sent out several parties to relieve Carlow, Clogh-grenan, Ballylinan, and several other castles and towns then in distress. They did so without much opposition, releasing many women and children, and other people the source calls "unprofitable people," much incommoding those places. In April 1646, a Major Harrison commanded the king's garrison here. On the 3rd of that month Owen Roe O'Neill wrote to him, protesting the conduct of some of his troopers. During the cessation of hostilities they had taken from one Shane O'Neill 18 horses and mares. Owen Roe requested they be returned, adding, "assure yourselfe I will tacke a course to see them redrest." That same year, the Confederate leader General Thomas Preston marched his army to the town in May and began to batter the Castle with his artillery. Failing to make much impression, he took his artillery across the Barrow and planted it against the bridge-castle in Graigue, also called the White Castle. It presently capitulated, and the garrison was permitted to march to Dublin. There is now no trace of the White Castle in Graigue.

Parson's House Burned by O'Byrnes in Carlow

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1377–1379

In 1377 a grant of five marks was allowed to Richard Walsh, Parson of the Church of Carlow, whose house was burned the last time the O'Byrnes set fire to the town. Two years later he was granted ten marks for his services in defence of Carlow and for losing over £40 worth of goods.

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In the same year (1377) a grant of five marks was allowed to Richard Walsh, Parson of the Church of Carlow (he was still Parson in 1392), whose house was burned the last time the O’Byrnes set fire to the town. Two years later the same Richard Walsh was granted ten marks for his services in defence of Carlow, and in consideration that he had lost over £40 worth of goods and chattels by fire.1
In 1378 Richard fitz Thomas Wale (or de Yalle) appears as Sheriff of the County.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 220

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Richard Walsh was parson of the Church of Carlow. In 1377 he was granted five marks because his house was burned the last time the O'Byrnes set fire to the town. He was still parson in 1392. Two years after that first grant, the same Richard Walsh was given ten marks for his services in defence of Carlow, and because he had lost over £40 worth of goods and chattels by fire.

Present Carlow bridge built 1815 as Wellington Bridge

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1815

The present bridge over the Barrow at Carlow was erected in 1815 and named Wellington Bridge, bearing a limestone tablet with the inscription, a bust of the Duke of Wellington, and a Latin dedication.

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The present bridge over the Barrow was erected in 1815, and was named “ The Wellington Bridge.” A limestone tablet in the centre of one of the sides of the bridge bears, inscribed on a shield, the words Wellington Bridge, 1815, and, on a scroll underneath, Queens ^ County, ^ Carlow, indicating the place where the two counties join. On the opposite side is cut in relief a bust of “ The Iron Duke” and the sentence : — P atria invicto Wellington Grata.
As already mentioned a bridge over the Barrow was in existence at any rate as early as the latter half of the thirteenth century, which the burgesses of Carlow, under a penalty of a fine, were bound to keep in repair. The structure was probably built of timber.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 259

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, the present bridge over the Barrow was erected in 1815 and named the Wellington Bridge. A limestone tablet in the centre of one side bears, inscribed on a shield, "Wellington Bridge, 1815," and on a scroll underneath, "Queens County, Carlow," marking where the two counties join. On the opposite side, cut in relief, is a bust of the Iron Duke and the Latin dedication "Patria invicto Wellington Grata." A bridge over the Barrow existed at least as early as the latter half of the 13th century. The burgesses of Carlow were bound to keep it in repair, under penalty of a fine. That earlier structure was probably built of timber.

Preston's camp near Jigginstown, July 1647

Jigginstown · townland · Kildare · 1647

On 11th July 1647 Preston's Confederate army crossed the Liffey and encamped about a mile west of Jigginstown, sending parties to occupy Harristown and Coghlanstown, which the enemy abandoned. The camp was well chosen, protected by a bog crossed only by a narrow togher.

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advance should be made without delay towards the Parliamentary quarters in Kildare and Meath, to prevent the inhabitants making terms with the enemy, and to secure the markets and supplies.1 On 25th June the army had moved to Monasterevan, and remained in camp until the second week in July. Preston then advanced over the Curragh of Kildare 2 in the direction of Naas, and on 11th July crossed the Liffey and encamped about a mile west of Jigginstown, having sent out parties to occupy Harristown and Coghlanstown, which were immediately abandoned by the enemy.3 The camping ground was well chosen, and inaccessible from the front except through a bog traversed by a narrow togher, which was easily commanded from the higher position of the camp. In the early morning of 12tli July Preston awoke to find Jones with about 500 horse and 2,000 foot4 drawn up beyond the bog. This intrepid commander had marched out from Dublin to reconnoitre his enemy, and, if possible, by feigning a retreat, to lure some detached pursuers into a trap.5 He was beaten off with some loss, and the pursuit was not pressed beyond Johnstown Inn. Naas immediately surrendered, and was garrisoned by Preston, who now marched towards Meath, sweeping all before him. In Dublin there were grave apprehensions after Jones’s defeat. Sir Patrick Wemys wrote on 17th July to Sir Philip Perceval : — “ We are in no condition to meddle with our powerful enemy, who carry all before them. They have taken all our garrisons towards the Naas, have put men into your house (Castlewarden), are now before Maynooth, and will undoubtedly this week spoil all our quarters and coop us up in this city, where there is nothing but jealousies and fears.”6 Maynooth in its turn yielded, and was occupied by an Irish garrison, and before the end of July Preston had laid siege to Trim. The importance of this position— the only inland town in Leinster that was now held for the Parliament — made an attempt to relieve it imperative ; and, notwithstanding the misgivings of his friends, Jones was equal to the occasion. He lost no time in arranging a junction with his Ulster allies, and on Sunday, 1st August, marched out from Dublin with two regiments of horse, 8,800 foot, two culverins (161b. -201b.), two demi-culverins (91b. -121b.), one saker (51b.), and four sakerets

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 292

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in July 1647, Preston's Confederate army made camp. On 25th June the army had moved to Monasterevan and stayed until the second week in July. Preston then advanced over the Curragh of Kildare in the direction of Naas, and on 11th July crossed the Liffey and encamped about a mile west of Jigginstown. He had sent out parties to occupy Harristown and Coghlanstown, which were immediately abandoned by the enemy. The camping ground was well chosen. It was inaccessible from the front except through a bog traversed by a narrow togher, and that togher was easily commanded from the higher position of the camp. In the early morning of 12th July, Preston awoke to find Jones with about 500 horse and 2,000 foot drawn up beyond the bog. This intrepid commander had marched out from Dublin to reconnoitre his enemy and, if possible, by feigning a retreat, to lure some detached pursuers into a trap. He was beaten off with some loss, and the pursuit was not pressed beyond Johnstown Inn. Naas immediately surrendered and was garrisoned by Preston, who now marched towards Meath, sweeping all before him. In Dublin there were grave apprehensions after Jones's defeat. Sir Patrick Wemys wrote on 17th July to Sir Philip Perceval: "We are in no condition to meddle with our powerful enemy, who carry all before us." He said they had taken all the garrisons towards Naas, put men into Castlewarden, and were now before Maynooth. Maynooth in its turn yielded and was occupied by an Irish garrison, and before the end of July Preston had laid siege to Trim.

Robert Nangle's military service and petition for Ballysax fee-farm

Ballysax · parish · Kildare · 1608–1609

In 1608 the Lord Deputy and Council recommended Robert Nangle of Ballysax to the Privy Council, citing his thirty years of service and severe wounds. His brother Edward Nangle presented his suit in person as Robert was too maimed to travel.

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Robert Nangle, considering the infallible testimonies which they have had of his merits and good deserts in many services for near thirty years past, and his losses of goods, blood, and limbs. He is sore maimed and utterly disabled to present his suit for the fee-farm of Ballysax in person, the bearer being Edward Nangle his brother.1
In reply to the petition, James I, on the 13th June, 1609, wrote to Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, directing him to accept the surrender from Robert Nangle of the castle and lands of Ballysax, the abbey called Hore Abbey in the County Tipperary, and the poor friary of Kilmacahill in the County Westmeath, which he held from the Crown for terms under sixty years or thereabouts, and to regrant them for so many years yet unexpired of the said terms, and for sixty years further in reversion, reserving the former rents, with a covenant that he shall repair the ruinous castle of Ballysax.2

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

The parish of Ballysax in Kildare carries the story of Robert Nangle, a soldier who served for near thirty years and lost goods, blood, and limbs in the doing of it. By 1608 he was so sore maimed he could not travel to press his own suit for the fee-farm of Ballysax. His brother Edward Nangle carried the petition in his place. The petition reached the Privy Council, and on the 13th of June, 1609, James I wrote to Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The king directed him to accept Robert Nangle's surrender of the castle and lands of Ballysax, the abbey called Hore Abbey in County Tipperary, and the poor friary of Kilmacahill in County Westmeath. These Robert held from the Crown for terms under sixty years. Chichester was to regrant them for the years yet unexpired, and for sixty years further in reversion, keeping the former rents. Robert was bound by covenant to repair the ruinous castle of Ballysax.

Slaying of O'Dowling family at Timahoe and 'miracle of St Mochua'

Timahoe · townland · Laois · 1041

In 1041 Cuciche O'Dowling, lord of Leix, his son, and wife were slain by MacConin at Teach-Mochua mic-Lonain (Timahoe); MacConin was himself killed the next day by O'Brennan in revenge, an event described as a great miracle of St Mochua.

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1041. Cuciche O’Dowling, lord of Leix (?), and his son, and his wife Cailleoc, were slain by MacConin at Teach- Mochua mic-Lonain (i.e., Timahoe) ; and MacConin was himself killed on the following day by O’Brennan for this act ; and this was a great miracle by St. Mocliua.
[Timahoe is situated in the Barony of Cullenagh. It was founded by St. Mochua, who was venerated on the 24th of December ; the only Bound Tower now existing in the Queen’s County stands here. The O’Dowlings were one of the seven septs of Leix.]

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 20

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1041, a killing took place that people called a miracle. Cuciche O'Dowling, lord of Leix, his son, and his wife Cailleoc were slain by MacConin at Teach-Mochua, the place known as Timahoe. MacConin did not outlive them by long. The very next day O'Brennan killed him in revenge for what he had done. The chronicle calls this a great miracle by St Mochua.

St. Berach offers Dunamase to St. Molua for a monastery

Park or Dunamase · townland · Laois · 600

Berach, ruler of Leix, offered his own cashel of Dunamase and adjoining lands to St. Molua for a monastery, but the saint refused and instead chose a site on Slieve Bloom, now marked by the graveyard of Kyle, which became Clonfert-Molua.

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In the time of St. Molua, who lived at the close of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century, Berach is related to have been the ruler of Leix. He is said to have offered his own cashel of Dunamase and the lands adjoining to St. Molua for the establishment of a monastery. The saint refused this generous gift, but asked for a site on the southern slope of Slieve Bloom, where the graveyard of Kyle now marks the spot. This was not only granted, but Berach imposed a tribute on his people for the support of the monastery. It was called Clonfert-Molua, from the name of its founder (4th August), and it afterwards became very celebrated from the great number of monks who flocked thither, and led most holy lives.
Like so many places in Ireland, Dunamase suffered from the ravages of the Danes. A.D. 843 the Four Masters relate that Dun Masg was plundered by the foreigners, and that Hugh, son of Duffechrich, the abbot of Terryglass and Clonenagh, was seized by them and carried into Munster, where he suffered martyrdom.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 124

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here in the time of St. Molua, who lived at the close of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century, Berach was ruler of Leix. He offered his own cashel of Dunamase and the lands adjoining to St. Molua for a monastery. The saint refused this gift, but asked for a site on the southern slope of Slieve Bloom, where the graveyard of Kyle now marks the spot. Berach granted it and even imposed a tribute on his people for the support of the monastery. It was called Clonfert-Molua, and it became celebrated for the great number of monks who flocked there. Dunamase itself later suffered from the Danes. In 843 the Four Masters relate that Dun Masg was plundered by the foreigners, and Hugh, son of Duffechrich, abbot of Terryglass and Clonenagh, was seized and carried into Munster, where he suffered martyrdom.

Stillorgan mansion and Dutch-style gardens

Stillorgan · parish · Dublin

The Allen family erected a stately red brick mansion house at Stillorgan, County Dublin, with a demesne diversified by gardens laid out in the Dutch style and artificial water, commanding uninterrupted views of Dublin bay.

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of Stillorgan, by Mary, eldest dau. of the Right Hon. Robert Fitz Gerald (and sister of Robert, 19th Earl of Kildare). According to the Stearne MSS. in Trinity College, he was born in Dublin in September, 1685. He entered the University, 1st July, 1701, and received the degree of LL.D. Aest., 1718. Probably, like the fashionables of his day, he made a grand tour of the Continent, for we find he visited the Hague in 1708. On his father’s death, 8th November, 1726, he succeeded as 2nd Viscount, taking his seat on the 25th of the same month. The family descended from John Allen, the builder of the ill-fated mansion of Jigginstown, near Naas ; but its fortunes were founded by Sir Joshua Allen, a prosperous Dublin merchant (Lord Mayor, 1678-4), who obtained grants of land in the Counties of Cork and Tipperary, under the Act of Settlement. His son John, 1st Viscount Allen, was a man of great wealth and importance, possessing extensive estates in the Counties of Wicklow, Carlow, Kildare, and Dublin. In 1703 Lord Allen added to his landed property by purchasing from the Trustees of Forfeited Estates nineteen acres in Dalkey, with four castles thereon, estate of the late King James, for £151 ; also the lands of Bullock, in the Barony of Rathdowne, County Dublin, 209 acres, estate of Richard Fagan, attainted, for £1,750. At Stillorgan he erected a mansion house, which, from pictures in the possession of the Countess of Carysfort, appears to have been of red brick, and singularly stately in appearance. The demesne, diversified with gardens, laid out in the Dutch style, and artificial water, is stated to have been of great beauty, having uninterrupted views of the bay of Dublin.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 311

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Stillorgan, this parish once held a stately red brick mansion house with gardens laid out in the Dutch style and artificial water, commanding uninterrupted views of Dublin bay. The Allen family built it. Their fortunes were founded by Sir Joshua Allen, a prosperous Dublin merchant who obtained grants of land in Cork and Tipperary under the Act of Settlement. His son John, the 1st Viscount Allen, was a man of great wealth and importance, possessing extensive estates in Wicklow, Carlow, Kildare, and Dublin. In 1703, Lord Allen added to his property by purchasing from the Trustees of Forfeited Estates 19 acres in Dalkey, with four castles thereon, estate of the late King James, for £151. He also bought the lands of Bullock in the Barony of Rathdown, County Dublin, 209 acres, estate of Richard Fagan, attainted, for £1,750. The family descended from John Allen, the builder of the ill-fated mansion of Jigginstown, near Naas. The 1st Viscount erected a mansion house which, from pictures in the possession of the Countess of Carysfort, appears to have been of red brick and singularly stately in appearance. The demesne, diversified with gardens laid out in the Dutch style and artificial water, is stated to have been of great beauty, having uninterrupted views of the bay of Dublin.

Submission of Rory Caech O'More, Chief of Leix, 1542

Laois · county · Laois · 1542

Rory O'More of Leix was admitted to the Captainship of his country and submitted to King Henry VIII in an indenture dated 18 May 1542, promising loyalty, rejection of papal authority, hostages, and military service including support for hostings.

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Rory O’More of Lex, brother as he asserts to Kedagh (Roo) O’More, lately deceased, now admitted to the Captainship of the same country by the consent and election of all the noblemen and inhabitants of the country, appeared before us the Deputy and Council, and submitted himself to the King.
He promises that : —

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun

As the companion tells it

In 1542, as the road crosses Laois, you pass through the country of Leix. Rory O'More, brother as he asserted to Kedagh O'More, lately deceased, was admitted to the Captainship by the consent and election of all the noblemen and inhabitants. He appeared before the Deputy and Council and submitted himself to the King. He promises loyalty, rejection of papal authority, hostages, and military service.

The lost slab of Weaver Best, disinherited son

Bestfield or Dunganstown · townland · Carlow

An old man named Matthew Gafney of the Knock at Castleroe recalled seeing a second slab in the Bestfield family cemetery, belonging to a disinherited member of the Best family known as Weaver Best, bearing a rhyming epitaph. No trace of the slab could later be found.

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Here lies the Body of Weaver Best Separated from all the rest.
And let his soul be where it will,

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 257

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around Bestfield or Dunganstown, there was once a family cemetery. An old man, Matthew Gafney of the Knock at Castleroe, remembered seeing a slab there for a disinherited member of the Best family, called Weaver Best. The stone bore a rhyme: "Here lies the Body of Weaver Best, Separated from all the rest." No trace of the slab has been found since.

Tomb of Melaghlin O'More at Abbeyleix

Abbeyleix · town · Laois · 1183–1502

The tomb of Melaghlin mac Owny O'More, chief of the O'More sept, is the only relic remaining of the Cistercian Monastery of Abbeyleix founded by Cucogry O'More in 1183. The slab bears the effigy of a knight in armour and is now placed in Lord de Vesci's garden at Abbeyleix.

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At the commencement of the sixteenth century the Chief of the O’More Sept appears to have been Melaghlin mac Owny O’More ; his tomb still exists, and it is about the only relic remaining of the Cistercian Monastery of Abbeyleix, founded by Cucogry O’More in 1183. This tomb consists of the covering-slab of an altar-tomb (the sides of which are wanting) bearing the effigy of a knight in armour; it is now placed on a base of mason- work in Lord de Vesci’s garden at Abbeyleix. An inscription in the “black letter” runs round the edge of the slab, and it has at last been correctly deciphered by the Rev. William Carrigan, c.c., as follows : —
3£tc tacet malarias ontottec flit’ ettijentlm cut (sk) tantlia fieri feat anno lint nmccctt cut’ ate pptetef He’ amen*1

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 26

As the companion tells it

Abbeyleix holds one quiet relic. The tomb of Melaghlin mac Owny O'More, chief of the O'More sept at the commencement of the 16th century, still survives. It is about the only thing remaining of the Cistercian Monastery of Abbeyleix, which Cucogry O'More founded in 1183. The tomb is the covering-slab of an altar-tomb, its sides now gone, bearing the effigy of a knight in armour. It sits on a base of masonwork in Lord de Vesci's garden at Abbeyleix. An inscription in black letter runs round the edge of the slab. The Reverend William Carrigan deciphered it at last.

Victualling of the Fort of Maryborough besieged by rebels

Maryborough · townland · Laois · 1598

The Earl of Ormond, resupplying the Fort of Maryborough in September 1598, was attacked going and coming by the rebels but managed to prevail, though at heavy cost according to the Annals of the Four Masters, who record he was nearly captured after being wounded.

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Early in the month of September, 1598, the troublesome operation of victualling the Fort of Maryborough was carried with difficulty by the Earl of Ormond who, Sir Geoffrey Fenton writes, “ was fought with both going and coming, but he prevailed against the rebels.”1
The “ Annals of the Four Masters ” also record the operation thus : —

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 50

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, the Fort of Maryborough was resupplied in September 1598. The Earl of Ormond carried out the victualling. Sir Geoffrey Fenton writes that he "was fought with both going and coming, but he prevailed against the rebels." The Annals of the Four Masters record the operation too, noting he was nearly captured after being wounded, at heavy cost.

Wolfe Tone family's tenancy near Bodenstown

Blackhall · townland · Kildare

Wolfe Tone's grandfather William Tone rented a farm near Bodenstown, with the landlord being a Mr. Wolfe of Blackhall in the same parish; Theobald Wolfe Tone was named after and was foster-brother to one of the Wolfe children.

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Though Wolfe Tone in no way rises to heroic proportions, he was in some respects a remarkable man. His father was a coach-builder in Dublin ; but the family belonged to the Co. Kildare, where William Tone, the grandfather, rented a farm in the immediate vicinity of Bodenstown. The landlord was a Mr. Wolfe of Blackhall in the same parish; and Theobald Wolfe Tone appears to have been named after one of the children of that family to whom he was foster-brother. Being a Protestant and of lively parts, he entered Trinity College, Dublin, and might, if he would have applied himself to his studies, have been distinguished in his collegiate course. Being idle, witty, and having a good address, he was well received in Dublin society, in spite of his comparatively humble birth ; and he readily fell in with the rather convivial habits which were the fashion of the day.
The story of his courtship is amusing. Grafton Street,

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 151

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is where the Wolfe Tone story starts. Wolfe Tone's grandfather, William Tone, rented a farm in the immediate vicinity of Bodenstown, and the landlord was a Mr. Wolfe of Blackhall, in the same parish. Theobald Wolfe Tone appears to have been named after one of the Wolfe children, to whom he was foster-brother. His father became a coach-builder in Dublin, but the family belonged to County Kildare. Wolfe Tone was Protestant, lively, and entered Trinity College Dublin, though he was idle and witty rather than studious. He moved easily in Dublin society in spite of his comparatively humble birth.

Art Kavanagh hanged at Catherlough after capture at Monelly

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1591

In 1591 Art Kavanagh was taken prisoner at Monelly and, along with seven of his followers, was hanged at Catherlough (Carlow).

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In 1591, Dowling’s “Annals of Ireland” state that Art “achnan” Kavanagh was taken prisoner at “ Monelly,” and, with seven of his followers, was hanged at Catherlough.
In 1594, one of the witnesses to Robert Hartpole’s (Constable of the Castle) Will, which was signed on the 12th September, was “ Piers White, Vicar of Catherlagh.”

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 230

As the companion tells it

Close to Carlow, in 1591, Art Kavanagh was taken prisoner at Monelly. He and seven of his followers were hanged here at Catherlough. Dowling's Annals of Ireland record it. The book calls him Art "achnan" Kavanagh, and names the place where he died Catherlough.

Beheading of Stokes alias William mac Rorie at Timogue

Timogue · townland · Laois · 1596

Captain Warham Sentleger, writing from Timogue, reported that his Ensign's men searching a great wood found Stokes alias William mac Rorie, who fled but was overtaken and beheaded.

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In December, 1596, Captain Warham Sentleger wrote from Timogue (Queen's County) to the Lord Deputy that: — “His Ensign (or Lieutenant) with a few men making search in a great wood, lighted upon a house, where was Stokes alias William mac Rorie, who fled into the woods, but was overtaken and his head cut off.4 He was probably an O’More, who had assumed an English name, in the same way as was done by James mac Kedagh O’More alias Meaghe, as mentioned on page 40.
It must not be assumed that the whole of the clan of O’More

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in December 1596, Captain Warham Sentleger wrote from Timogue to the Lord Deputy. He reported that his ensign, with a few men, was searching a great wood when they came upon a house. There they found Stokes, also called William mac Rorie. He fled into the woods, but they overtook him and cut off his head. Sentleger believed he was probably an O'More who had taken an English name, as James mac Kedagh O'More, also known as Meaghe, had done.

Bishop Charnells routs invaders at Ferns

Ferns · townland · Wexford

When Irish forces invaded the town of Ferns, once the seat of their own Irish King, Bishop Charnells put himself at the head of his retainers and routed them with great slaughter.

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It is recorded that Bishop Charnells, of Ferns, when the Irish invaded his town of Ferns (which was once the seat of their own Irish King), put himself at the head of his retainers, and routed them with great slaughter ; and a great Norman noble, when called to account by Henry YII for burning the Cathedral of Cashel, gave as his excuse for so doing that he would not have done so, only that he thought that the Archbishop was in it.
Doubtless the wild tribes hardly felt themselves equal to attack the Preceptory ; but the church, three-quarters of a mile distant, proved an easy prey. This burning is mentioned by Lewis and others ; and although Lewis is not considered an authority in matters antiquarian, it must be borne in mind that he is believed to have had the use of “ The Vallency Papers,” which now form part of a private collection in the County Wexford.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 112

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Ferns, a town that was once the seat of an Irish King. It is recorded that when Irish forces invaded the town, Bishop Charnells of Ferns put himself at the head of his retainers and routed them with great slaughter. The wild tribes hardly felt themselves equal to attack the Preceptory, but a church three-quarters of a mile distant proved an easy prey. This burning is mentioned by Lewis and others. Lewis is not considered an authority in matters antiquarian, but he is believed to have had the use of the Vallency Papers, which now form part of a private collection in County Wexford. The passage also notes that a great Norman noble, when called to account by Henry 7 for burning the Cathedral of Cashel, gave as his excuse that he would not have done so, only that he thought the Archbishop was in it.

Dineley's 1680 description of Carlow as sanctuary during Massacre

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1680

Thomas Dineley described Carlow Castle in 1680 as a great sanctuary to English and Protestants who fled there with their goods during the 'late Irish bloody Massacre,' at which time the castle was much demolished.

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“ The Castle is built of free stone, belonging to ye sd Earle of Thomond, a great sanctuary to ye English and Protestants, wherto out of all the adjacent countrey they fled with their goods and substance during the late Irish bloody Massacre, at which time it was very much demolished.
1 The Diary of the Irish Tour is in the possession of Sir Francis S. Winnington, Bart., of Stanford Court, Worcestershire. A rumour that it had been destroyed by fire fortunately proved to be false.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 246

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Carlow Castle stood, built of freestone and belonging to the Earl of Thomond. Thomas Dineley saw it in 1680 and wrote that it was a great sanctuary to the English and Protestants, who fled here from all the adjacent country with their goods and substance during the late Irish bloody Massacre. At that time, he said, the castle was very much demolished.

Fort of Leix renamed Maryborough under Queen Mary

Maryborough · townland · Laois · 1556

The present Queen's County was formed in 1556 during the reign of Queen Mary, in whose honour it received its name, and the principal fort of the settlement, previously called 'the Protector of Leix' or 'Campa' by the Irish, was renamed Maryborough.

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As mentioned above, the present Queen’s County, with the exception of the Upper Ossory Baronies, was formed in the year 1556, during the reign of Queen Mary, in whose honour it received its name. In a similar manner the principal fort, or castle of the new settlement, hitherto known as “ the Protector of Leix,” was re-named “ Maryborough ” ; by the Irish this fort was called “ Campa.” It is first mentioned in 1548, at which time the building of it appears to have been completed, as it is reported to have been victualled, and the musters of the country were assembled at it.1 Discipline was reported in the following year by Captain William Sentloo (or St. Loe), the Constable of the Fort, as being very lax, but two captains in the Fort — Henry Wise and John Moorton — denied the charge, and stated that no women of the country had entered the fort since the Constable’s departure ; that no debauchery had taken place at Christmas ; that no mutiny owing to scarcity of food had taken place among the garrison ; and that no favour had been shown to two soldiers who had been placed in irons on a charge of Shane O’Lalor’s, but they had been properly bailed upon sufficient surety in order that their hand-locks might be available for the safe keeping of Irish outlaws, there being but three pairs of bolts within the fort.2 In 1558 the Earl of Sussex, the Lord Deputy, reported that on the 18th of May the O’Mores and O’Connors came in great strength to the Fort of Leix, with the intention of driving off the cattle belonging to the fort; however, the Constable, Sir Henry Radcliff, issued out with sixty soldiers and thirty kerns and rescued the prey; Francis Cosby, following up the rebels, came across a party of them where they were making merry ; among them were Donough O’Connor, the son of Cormack O’Connor, that was in Scotland, and Richard oge FitzGerald. After a long fight Cormack’s son and Richard oge were slain along with thirty or forty of their followers ; “ Cosby hymself kylled Ry chard oge with his owne hands, whych wold not have been done by no man els.”3

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 33

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is the ground of a fort the Irish called Campa, known to the English as the Protector of Leix, renamed Maryborough in 1556 when Queen's County was formed during the reign of Queen Mary, who gave it her name. The fort was first mentioned in 1548, when its building appears to have been completed, as it was victualled and the musters of the country assembled at it. The following year, Captain William Sentloo, also called St. Loe, the Constable of the Fort, reported discipline as very lax. Two captains, Henry Wise and John Moorton, denied the charge. They stated no women had entered the fort since the Constable's departure, no debauchery at Christmas, no mutiny from scarcity of food, and no favour shown to two soldiers placed in irons on Shane O'Lalor's charge. Those soldiers had been bailed on sufficient surety so their hand-locks could be used for Irish outlaws, there being but three pairs of bolts in the fort. In 1558 the Earl of Sussex, the Lord Deputy, reported that on the 18th of May the O'Mores and O'Connors came in great strength to the Fort of Leix to drive off the cattle. The Constable, Sir Henry Radcliff, issued out with sixty soldiers and thirty kerns and rescued the prey. Francis Cosby, following the rebels, found a party making merry, among them Donough O'Connor, son of Cormack O'Connor, who was in Scotland, and Richard oge FitzGerald. After a long fight, Cormack's son and Richard oge were slain with thirty or forty followers. The record says "Cosby hymself kylled Ry chard oge with his owne hands, whych wold not have been done by no man els."

Owen Roe O'Neill's troops build temporary bridge at Leixlip

Leixlip · town · Kildare · 1646

The ancient bridge at the Salmon Leap in Leixlip was carried away by a great flood shortly before 1646, except for one arch. When the Confederate Catholics under Owen Roe O'Neill broke camp to retire into Meath, the troops had to construct a temporary bridge of timber to cross.

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I do not know of either ford or bridge from this on till we come to Leixlip. Here there was a strong castle, said to have been built by Adam, of Hereford, the original grantee of all the territory from this to beyond Kill. There was a ford at Leixlip, and an ancient bridge at the Salmon Leap. This, except one arch which still stands, was carried away by a great flood shortly before 1646 ; and when the Confederate Catholics, under Owen Roe O’Neill, broke up their camp to retire into Meath, the troops had to construct a temporary bridge of timber to enable them to cross. The fine bridge of three arches now existing carries the old coach road to Galway. About 1890 the bridge was widened by a footpath bracketed out from the west side for the Lucan tramway extension, never carried out.
Leixlip was named by the Danes from the cataract up which the salmon leap on their way to the upper part of the river. Herein 1856 John Henry, Baron de Robeck, was drowned in the great flood of that year.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 208

As the companion tells it

Coming up now is the town of Leixlip. There was a strong castle here, said to have been built by Adam of Hereford, the original grantee of all the territory from here to beyond Kill. There was a ford, and an ancient bridge at the Salmon Leap. That bridge, except one arch which still stands, was carried away by a great flood shortly before 1646. When the Confederate Catholics under Owen Roe O'Neill broke up their camp to retire into Meath, his troops had to construct a temporary bridge of timber to get across. The fine bridge of three arches now existing carries the old coach road to Galway. About 1890 it was widened by a footpath bracketed out from the west side for the Lucan tramway extension, which was never carried out. Leixlip was named by the Danes from the cataract up which the salmon leap on their way to the upper part of the river. In 1856 John Henry, Baron de Robeck, was drowned in the great flood of that year.

Piper's Stones stone circle on Church Mountain

near Church Mountain · cairn · Wicklow

A description of the Piper's Stones megalithic circle on the west slope of Church Mountain, near the Holywood main road, comprising twelve stones in a semicircle, with carved furrows on some stones including a cross-shaped mark on an isolated stone.

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The Piper’s Stones on west slope of Church Mountain are about a quarter of a mile from Holywood main road. Twelve stones in a semicircle facing west on top of a small hillock. Eight of these are large, about 4 feet long by 3 feet by 3 feet. Some are lying ; some standing. One large round-topped stone, about 50 yards north of the semicircle. One large stone at the southern base of the semicircle. The isolated stone has on its top a clearly cut furrow, running north and south and east and west in the shape of a cross. Four or five of the other stones have evident traces of some kind of shallow furrow. Two others have semicircular furrows. If the circle had ever been completed, there would have been room for eighteen stones and a centre one.
T. J. de Burgh.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 326

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Church Mountain, the Piper's Stones sit on the west slope, about a quarter of a mile from the Holywood main road. Twelve stones form a semicircle facing west, set on top of a small hillock. Eight of them are large, about 4 feet long by 3 feet by 3 feet. Some are lying down, some still standing. One large round-topped stone stands about 50 yards north of the semicircle, and another large stone sits at the southern base. That isolated stone has a clearly cut furrow on its top, running north and south and east and west, shaped like a cross. Four or five of the other stones have traces of shallow furrows. Two have semicircular furrows. If the circle had ever been completed, there would have been room for eighteen stones and a centre one. T. J. de Burgh recorded this.

Plan to Settle English Farmers at Leighlin Bridge, Carlow, and Castledermot

Leighlinbridge · town · Carlow · 1537

A 1537 Report recommended sending English farming men of substance to inhabit the country, including at Leighlin Bridge where there was a house of Friars, and at Carlow and Castledermot which were 'already walled'.

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In 1537 a Report1 was drawn up for presentation to the King, recommending certain plans for the pacification of Leinster. One suggestion was that farming men of substance should be induced to leave England and “ sent hither to inhabite the countrie,” for instance, “ att the bridge of Leghlen which is a good place to buylde a towne, there is a bowse of Friars there which will helpe well to the purpose. Lett another party of them be assigned to Carlaugh being walled alredy, another company to Castledermot which is alsoe walled alredy.” This reference to Carlow being a walled town appears to be the first on record, unless the expenditure of £500 in 1361 by the Duke of Clarence, Justiciary of Ireland, as stated in Dowling’s “ Annals of Ireland,” refers to the work. It is strange that no trace, or even tradition,
1 “State Papers of Henry VIII,” vol. ii, p. 413.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 225

As the companion tells it

There is a town along this road called Leighlinbridge. In 1537, a report was drawn up for the King with plans for the pacification of Leinster. One suggestion was that farming men of substance should be induced to leave England and sent to inhabit the country. The report named this very place, calling it the bridge of Leghlen, a good place to build a town, and noting there was a house of Friars there which would help well to the purpose. Another party was to be assigned to Carlow, which was walled already, and another company to Castledermot, also walled already. The report's mention of Carlow being a walled town appears to be the first on record, unless an expenditure of 500 pounds in 1361 by the Duke of Clarence, Justiciary of Ireland, as stated in Dowling's Annals of Ireland, refers to the same work.

Robert FitzGerald imprisoned at his own house, Grangemellon

Grangemellon · townland · Kildare · 1685

On the accession of James II, Robert FitzGerald was divested of his estate and offices and imprisoned in Newgate. Owing to ill-health he was removed to Grangemellon, County Kildare, where he was kept a prisoner in his own house for five months.

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Hon. Robert FitzGerald, of Grangemellon, County Kildare, was second son of George, 16th Earl of Kildare (“ The Fairy Earl”), who died 1655, by Lady Joan Boyle, 4th daughter of Richard, 1st Earl of Cork. He was born in 1687, and served in the army of the Commonwealth, as a Cornet in Colonel William Warden’s regiment. In 1661 the Lord Lieutenant appointed him Comptroller of the Musters and Cheques of the Army, and, that “ he might with more sincerity proceed in the execution of the said office,” admitted him, with his brother Wentworth, into the Privy Council. Subsequently he was given command of a troop of horse, and on August 8th, 1674, was joined with his nephew in the government of County Kildare, of which, on 1st May, 1680, he was made Custos Rotulorum. On the accession of James II he was, by Tyrconnell’s advice, divested of his estate and offices, of a yearly value of d£3,300, and imprisoned in Newgate. Owing to ill-health, he was removed to Grangemellon, where he was for five months kept a prisoner in his own house. On William’s landing he was deprived of his lands, and confined, with a number of other leading men, in Trinity College, Dublin, from which he managed to escape after the Boyne. He was much praised for his exertions at this crisis, in preserving the magazines, with the great plunder taken from the Protestants
Kildare members of parliament, 1559-1800. 4573

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Grangemellon, where Robert FitzGerald was kept a prisoner in his own house. He was the second son of George, the 16th Earl of Kildare, called "The Fairy Earl," who died in 1655. His mother was Lady Joan Boyle, the fourth daughter of Richard, the 1st Earl of Cork. He served in the army of the Commonwealth as a Cornet in Colonel William Warden's regiment. In 1661 the Lord Lieutenant appointed him Comptroller of the Musters and Cheques of the Army, and, so that he "might with more sincerity proceed in the execution of the said office," admitted him, with his brother Wentworth, into the Privy Council. He was later given command of a troop of horse, and on August 8th, 1674, was joined with his nephew in the government of County Kildare. On the 1st of May, 1680, he was made Custos Rotulorum of the county. On the accession of James II, by Tyrconnell's advice, he was divested of his estate and offices, of a yearly value of £3,300, and imprisoned in Newgate. Owing to ill-health he was removed to Grangemellon, where he was for five months kept a prisoner in his own house. On William's landing he was deprived of his lands, and confined, with a number of other leading men, in Trinity College, Dublin, from which he managed to escape after the Boyne. He was much praised for his exertions at this crisis, in preserving the magazines, with the great plunder taken from the Protestants.

Robert Hartpole effigy-slab moved to Kilnacourt, Portarlington

Portarlington · town · Laois · 1594

An altar-tomb effigy-slab dated 1594, depicting Robert Hartpole of Shrule, Queen's Constable of Carlow Castle, originally belonged to St. Mary's churchyard in Carlow but survives today at Kilnacourt in Portarlington.

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There is still in existenoe at Kiinacourt in Portarlington the effigy-slab of an altar-tomb, which originally belonged to this churchyard. It is dated 1594, and the effigy represents Robert Hartpole, of Shrule, in Queen’s County, who was the Queen's Constable of Carlow Castle.
The present Protestant Church of St. Mary’s was erected in 1732. Its tower was taken down in 1883, and the present spire erected from a design by a Mr. Thomas A. Cobden.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 260

As the companion tells it

Portarlington holds something that came from Carlow. An effigy-slab from an altar-tomb survives at Kilnacourt, dated 1594. It represents Robert Hartpole of Shrule, in Queen's County, who was the Queen's Constable of Carlow Castle. The slab once belonged to the churchyard of St. Mary's in Carlow. That church was rebuilt in 1732, and its tower came down in 1883, replaced by a spire designed by Thomas A. Cobden.

Sir John Parnell's 18th-century restoration attempt at Dunamase

Park or Dunamase · townland · Laois · 1795–1812

Sir John Parnell conceived the idea of restoring Dunamase Castle to its ancient splendour, erecting banqueting-halls and other buildings and planting the precincts with handsome plantations, but his son Sir Henry Coote Parnell later allowed it to fall into permanent decay.

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who dismantled it and blew it up. In the following century Sir John Parnell conceived the idea of restoring it to its ancient splendour, erected banqueting-halls and other buildings, and had the precincts covered with handsome plantations. But its position was evidently unsuited to the requirements of a modern residence; and so his son, Sir Henry Coote Parnell, allowed it to fall into permanent decay.
The following pen-pictures of Dunamase may be found interesting to the reader : —

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 128

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here are the ruins of Dunamase, where Sir John Parnell tried to restore the castle to its ancient splendour. He erected banqueting-halls and other buildings and planted the grounds with handsome plantations. But the site was unsuited to a modern residence, and his son Sir Henry Coote Parnell later allowed it all to fall into permanent decay.

Sir Phelim O'Neill Demolishes Castles but Spares Charlemont

near Charlemont · village · Armagh · 1641–1645

Following the old Ulster preference for a 'castle of bones to a castle of stones', Sir Phelim O'Neill demolished strongholds including his own house, but preserved the Fort of Charlemont for strategic reasons.

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Ulster instinct, “ a castle of bones to a castle of stones,” demolished all such strongholds, “ not sparing his own verie house,” though he preserved the Fort of Charlemont for the best strategic reasons.1
Gerald Lynch was apparently absent from his home when the enemy thundered at his door, and we have not any evidence of special military activity on his part during the long struggle that followed. He seems at all events to have earned the respect of friend and foe. In September, 1645, during the great truce, or cessation, his name is suggested as Commissioner to arbitrate between the Governor of Trim and some of the Irish, in a case of cattle-raiding, in which both parties were involved.2

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 194

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Charlemont, a village with a fort at the heart of its story. In the rising of 1641, Sir Phelim O'Neill followed what the record calls the old Ulster preference for "a castle of bones to a castle of stones." He demolished stronghold after stronghold, not sparing even his own house. But he kept the Fort of Charlemont standing, for the best strategic reasons. Everything else fell, and he let it fall, but this place he held onto. The fort mattered too much to pull down.

Skirmish near Johnstown Inn, July 1647

Johnstown · townland · Kildare · 1647

On the morning of 12th July 1647, Colonel Jones marched from Dublin with about 500 horse and 2,000 foot to reconnoitre Preston's camp beyond a bog, attempting to lure pursuers into a trap; he was beaten off with loss and pursuit was not pressed beyond Johnstown Inn.

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advance should be made without delay towards the Parliamentary quarters in Kildare and Meath, to prevent the inhabitants making terms with the enemy, and to secure the markets and supplies.1 On 25th June the army had moved to Monasterevan, and remained in camp until the second week in July. Preston then advanced over the Curragh of Kildare 2 in the direction of Naas, and on 11th July crossed the Liffey and encamped about a mile west of Jigginstown, having sent out parties to occupy Harristown and Coghlanstown, which were immediately abandoned by the enemy.3 The camping ground was well chosen, and inaccessible from the front except through a bog traversed by a narrow togher, which was easily commanded from the higher position of the camp. In the early morning of 12tli July Preston awoke to find Jones with about 500 horse and 2,000 foot4 drawn up beyond the bog. This intrepid commander had marched out from Dublin to reconnoitre his enemy, and, if possible, by feigning a retreat, to lure some detached pursuers into a trap.5 He was beaten off with some loss, and the pursuit was not pressed beyond Johnstown Inn. Naas immediately surrendered, and was garrisoned by Preston, who now marched towards Meath, sweeping all before him. In Dublin there were grave apprehensions after Jones’s defeat. Sir Patrick Wemys wrote on 17th July to Sir Philip Perceval : — “ We are in no condition to meddle with our powerful enemy, who carry all before them. They have taken all our garrisons towards the Naas, have put men into your house (Castlewarden), are now before Maynooth, and will undoubtedly this week spoil all our quarters and coop us up in this city, where there is nothing but jealousies and fears.”6 Maynooth in its turn yielded, and was occupied by an Irish garrison, and before the end of July Preston had laid siege to Trim. The importance of this position— the only inland town in Leinster that was now held for the Parliament — made an attempt to relieve it imperative ; and, notwithstanding the misgivings of his friends, Jones was equal to the occasion. He lost no time in arranging a junction with his Ulster allies, and on Sunday, 1st August, marched out from Dublin with two regiments of horse, 8,800 foot, two culverins (161b. -201b.), two demi-culverins (91b. -121b.), one saker (51b.), and four sakerets

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 292

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on the morning of 12th July 1647, a skirmish took place at Johnstown Inn. The background is this. Preston's army had moved to Monasterevan on 25th June and stayed until the second week of July. Preston then advanced over the Curragh of Kildare towards Naas. On 11th July he crossed the Liffey and encamped about a mile west of Jigginstown, having sent parties to occupy Harristown and Coghlanstown, which the enemy immediately abandoned. The camping ground was well chosen, inaccessible from the front except through a bog traversed by a narrow togher, easily commanded from the higher position of the camp. In the early morning of 12th July, Preston awoke to find Colonel Jones with about 500 horse and 2,000 foot drawn up beyond the bog. This intrepid commander had marched out from Dublin to reconnoitre his enemy, and, if possible, by feigning a retreat, to lure some detached pursuers into a trap. He was beaten off with some loss, and the pursuit was not pressed beyond Johnstown Inn. After that, things moved quickly. Naas immediately surrendered and was garrisoned by Preston, who marched towards Meath, sweeping all before him. In Dublin there were grave apprehensions after Jones's defeat. Sir Patrick Wemys wrote on 17th July to Sir Philip Perceval: "We are in no condition to meddle with our powerful enemy, who carry all before them. They have taken all our garrisons towards the Naas, have put men into your house, are now before Maynooth, and will undoubtedly this week spoil all our quarters and coop us up in this city, where there is nothing but jealousies and fears." Maynooth yielded in its turn and was occupied by an Irish garrison, and before the end of July Preston had laid siege to Trim.

Attack on English force at Abbeyleix monastery

Abbeyleix · town · Laois · 1421

In 1421 MacGillapatrick and English soldiers made a predatory excursion into Leix, not halting until they reached the Monastery of Leix (Abbeyleix), where O'Conor Faly met and slaughtered them, obtaining great spoil.

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1421. MacGrillapatrick (? Fineen), lord of Ossory, and the son of Libned Freyne, one of the English, made a predatory excursion into Leix with twelve score soldiers, and did not halt until they reached the Monastery of Leix (i.e. Abbeyleix) ; but O’Conor Faly (i.e. Murrough) happened to meet them there, and attacked and slaughtered them, and his people obtained a great spoil in arms and armour from the English.
1440. O’Conor Faly (i.e., Calvagh), his sons, and his brother Cahir, went upon a predatory incursion into Leix, O’More’s territory ; but they were overtaken by (Thomas), 6th Earl of Desmond, and by MacGrillapatrick, who defeated O’Conor, and killed his son Con, together with sixty of his soldiers.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 25

As the companion tells it

In 1421, this town was the end of a raid. MacGillapatrick, lord of Ossory, and the son of Libned Freyne, one of the English, came into Leix with 240 soldiers. They did not halt until they reached the monastery here at Abbeyleix. But O'Conor Faly, Murrough, met them there. He attacked and slaughtered them, and his people took a great spoil in arms and armour from the English.

Ballysax Castle and Manor granted through Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard lines

Ballysax · parish · Kildare · 1312–1475

In 1312 King Edward granted Ballysax to his son Thomas Plantagenet 'de Brotherton', and through successive heiresses the estate passed to the Mowbray, Howard and Berkeley families by 1475. In the sixteenth century absentee ownership led to the lands becoming waste and the castle ruinous.

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In 1312 King Edward granted Ballysax to his son Thomas Plantagenet “ de Brotherton,” whose daughter and heiress, Lady Margaret Plantagenet (afterwards created Duchess of Norfolk) married John, 3rd Baron Segrave, and had a daughter and heiress, Elizabeth de Segrave, who married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray of Axholme. Thus Ballysax came into the Mowbray family, who in time bore the titles of Earls of Nottingham and Dukes of Norfolk ; and eventually heiresses (two sisters) of this house brought the Irish estates into the Howard and Berkeley families : this occurred in 1475.
In the sixteenth century Irish estates belonging to absentee English noblemen had become so impoverished for want of proper supervision, the lands becoming waste and the castles ruinous, that at last to put a stop to the abuse an Act 'was passed by Parliament on the 1st May, 1536, forfeiting such properties to the Crown, and as Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and the Lord Berkeley, are especially named as absentees, the County Carlow and the manor of Ballysax reverted to the Crown.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Ballysax, a parish in Kildare that once held a castle and manor granted by a king to his own blood. In 1312 King Edward granted Ballysax to his son Thomas Plantagenet, called "de Brotherton." Thomas's daughter and heiress, Lady Margaret Plantagenet, later created Duchess of Norfolk, married John, 3rd Baron Segrave. Their daughter and heiress Elizabeth de Segrave married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray of Axholme, and so Ballysax passed into the Mowbray family, who came to hold the titles of Earls of Nottingham and Dukes of Norfolk. In 1475, two sisters, heiresses of that house, brought the Irish estates into the Howard and Berkeley families. By the sixteenth century, absentee English noblemen had let their Irish lands fall waste and their castles go to ruin. On the 1st of May 1536, Parliament passed an Act forfeiting such properties to the Crown. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and Lord Berkeley were named as absentees, and the manor of Ballysax reverted to the Crown.

Battle of Allen 1535 - O'More's conduct

near Allen · population centre · Kildare · 1535

At the Battle of Allen in August 1535, during the Silken Thomas rebellion, the O'More forces engaged in skirmishing on the bog's side, leading the northern Irish troops astray with a decoy prey while positioning to surround Thomas's men, though the plan failed when the northern men broke ranks to pursue booty.

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“On the Tuesday after our arryvall (about the 2nd of August) Mr. Thesaurer (Brabazon), intending a jornie into Alton, and thois parties where the traitor was socoured, sent for Omore unto him, and his company. And ther went with him William Sentlow (or Saint Loe) and all his brodirs cumpany, for Sir John Sentlow liethe sicke. Sir William Brertons cumpany ; Dacres, Musgrave, Thomas Eustace (afterwards Viscount Baltinglass), Sir James FitzGerald, his broder Walter (two of the uncles of the Silken Thomas), and diverse other of the gentills of the Countie of Kildare. After they had entred into Allon, and brent and riffeld the countrie, Omore caused all the Inglishmen to departe, as though they were going homeward, and assigned every of the cumpanies, both horsemen and footemen, how they shulde divide and keape standingis in the valleis and stritis ; and he sent a certen (number) of his kerne to skirmishe upon the moore’s (bog’s) side with Thomas and his cumpany, and they foloid the trayne into the playne. And in the meane tyme Omore lighted on foote with all his men, and came on the backe side of them, betwixt them and ther fastnes, so as he and our cumpany, had him and all his, to the number of 3 or 400, in the playnes amonge them, that ther culde never have escaped a man, if our partie had doon ther devors. For our northern men, whiles the trayne was making, left ther standingis, and ranne away with the bottie, leving ther gapp at large, and in that waie escaped the most of them ; and, as for Sir James, Walter his broder, and all the Geraldines, sufferd them to passe by them. Omore wold kill never oon of Thomas’ men, but of Ochonor’s (O’Connor’s), yet many was killed, and the most of them by Mr. Thesaurer and soche of his awne cumpany as stode with him ; and by Thomas Eustace diverse prisoners were taken and let goo agayne by the said Geraldines and by the Dempcies (O’Dempseys), being in Omores cumpany, among whom the traitour him self was taken, as the common reporte is, and let goo agayne.”

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

Near Allen, in August 1535, the road passes through country where one of the sharpest fights of the Silken Thomas rebellion took place. On a Tuesday, about the 2nd of August, the Treasurer Brabazon sent for O'More and his company. They set out for Allen, where the rebel was being sheltered. With them went William Sentlow and his brother's company, for Sir John Sentlow lay sick. Sir William Brerton's company came too, and Dacres, Musgrave, Thomas Eustace, and Sir James FitzGerald with his brother Walter, two of Silken Thomas's own uncles, and many other Kildare gentry. They entered Allen and burned and rifled the countryside. Then O'More had the Englishmen pull back as if going home. He set every company, horsemen and footmen, to hold positions in the valleys and streets. He sent some of his kerne to skirmish on the bog's side against Thomas and his men, and they drew Thomas's company out into the plain. While that was happening, O'More dismounted with all his men and came round behind them, between them and their fastness. He and the English company had Thomas and 3 or 400 men caught in the open. Not a man should have escaped. But the northern men left their positions and ran after the booty. Their gap stood open, and through it most escaped. Sir James and Walter and all the Geraldines let them pass. O'More would not kill any of Thomas's men, only O'Connor's. Many were killed, most by Brabazon and those who stood with him. Thomas Eustace took prisoners, but the Geraldines and the O'Dempseys let them go. Among those prisoners, as common report had it, was the traitor himself, taken and set free.

Burning of the best wooden house in Ireland at Lough Allen

near Lough Allen · lake or lakes · Leitrim · 1580

The Annals of the Four Masters record that under the year 1580, Hugh, Chief of Tirconnell, entered County Leitrim with an army and burned the best wooden house in all Ireland, the house of Mac Consnava, at Lough Allen.

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That this surmise is correct is almost proved by another entry in the “ Annals of the Four Masters,” under the year 1580, where it is stated that the above Manus O’Donnell’s father, Hugh, Chief of Tirconnell (the County Donegal) entered the County Leitrim with an army, and burned “ the best wooden house in all Ireland,” i.e., the house of Mac Consnava (now Mac Kinaw and Forde) in Lough Allen.
Thus, in the case of Derrymullan, there being no lough there, the wooden castle was either a rath or a crannoge in a bog.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 278

As the companion tells it

Lough Allen in County Leitrim. The Annals of the Four Masters tell us that in 1580, Hugh, Chief of Tirconnell, entered the county with an army. He burned what the annals call the best wooden house in all Ireland. It was the house of Mac Consnava, at Lough Allen. The name Mac Consnava is now Mac Kinaw and Forde.

David le Botiller slain near Carlow by the O'Nolans

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1329

In 1329, on the Sunday before the Feast of St. Laurence, David le Botiller (or Butler) was slain near Carlow by the O'Nolans of Fotharta-Fea, now the Carlow Barony of Forth.

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In 1329, on the Sunday before the Feast of St. Laurence, David le Botiller (or Butler) was slain near Carlow by the O’Nolans of Fotharta-Fea, alias Fothart-O’Nolan (now the Carlow Barony of Forth).
In 1346 William de Drayton appears as parson of the Church of Cathyrlagh.5

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 219

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Carlow, in 1329, on the Sunday before the Feast of St. Laurence, David le Botiller, also called Butler, was slain by the O'Nolans of Fotharta-Fea, now the Carlow Barony of Forth.

Drimnagh Castle surrounded by a water-filled moat

Drimnagh · townland · Dublin

Drimnagh Castle is described as the only residence in Ireland still surrounded by a moat, lying about three miles from Dublin and a quarter mile from Crumlin. The castle consists of a three-story tower with parapets and an attached wing, showing evidence of extension and alteration over centuries.

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DRIMNAGH is, so far as I know, the only residence in Ireland that is still surrounded by a moat. Here I have to acknowdedge the kind assistance I have received in writing this paper from Mr. E. Ball, who has generously placed at my service his notes on the locality, of which I have made free use.
The castle lies about three miles from Dublin and a quarter of a mile from Crumlin. The word Drimnagh, or Druimneacli, means the ridged lands — an allusion to the sand ridges called the Green Hills, hard by.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 114

As the companion tells it

Close to Drimnagh stands a castle that, so far as is known, is the only residence in Ireland still surrounded by a moat. It lies about 3 miles from Dublin and a quarter mile from Crumlin. The name Drimnagh, or Druimneach, means "the ridged lands," an allusion to the sand ridges called the Green Hills nearby.

Duke of Leinster reviews Volunteers at Carlow, 1782

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1782

On 11-12 August 1782 the Duke of Leinster, as reviewing General, arrived in Carlow escorted by Athy, Castledermot and Clane and Kilcullen Volunteer units, and the following day reviewed the assembled Volunteer army despite torrential rain.

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“ On Sunday, the 11th of August, about 3 o’clock, his Grace the Duke of Leinster, reviewing General, escorted by the Arlington, Athy, and Castledermot Horse, Clane and Kilcullen Rangers, arrived in Carlow, amidst the joyful acclamations of numberless spectators. He was received by the Carlow Legion under Arms, who made a most martial appearance, where he received the compliments of the Exercising Officers, Colonel of Corps, etc., etc.
“ About 5 o’clock, his Grace and his Suite set out for Sir Charles Burton’s Encampment, where, with Colonel Gardiner’s Dragoons and some of the Commanding Officers, they were most elegantly entertained at Dinner.

Internet Archive journalofcountyk06coun, Chapter 239

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in August 1782, the Duke of Leinster arrived as reviewing General. On Sunday the 11th, about 3 o'clock, he was escorted by the Arlington, Athy, and Castledermot Horse, and the Clane and Kilcullen Rangers, arriving in Carlow to joyful acclamations. The Carlow Legion received him under arms. About 5 o'clock, he and his suite went to Sir Charles Burton's encampment, where with Colonel Gardiner's dragoons they were entertained at dinner. The following day he reviewed the assembled Volunteer army, despite torrential rain.

Journal of the County Kildare Archaeological Society (vol. 6)

The stories, best first

Grant of Powerscourt Castle sought for Tirlagh O'Toole

Kavanagh siege of Carlow Castle and burning of the town, 1641

Killing of Munster men at Gleann Uisean through miracles

Preston's Fortified Position at Agherpallis

Skirmish reported from Monasterevin and exhumation of a corpse

Slaughter at Slighe Dhala, now Ballaghmore

1761 Frenchman's account of ancient castle near Crumlin

Archbishop Price unroofed Cashel Cathedral in 1749

Army passage through Blackford near Stradbally

Battle of Callan and burial at Tralee Abbey

Bective Abbey Paved with Encaustic Tiles by Earl of Kildare

Carlow Castle built to guard the Barrow ford

Discovery of skeleton chamber and boulder near Haynestown Castle

Duke of Clarence Fortifies Carlow and Moves Exchequer

Dunamase as ancient stronghold of Leix kings

Dunamase passes to Strongbow via marriage to Princess Eva

Founding of Abbeyleix Cistercian Abbey

Garrison Duty and Raids at Ballymore-Eustace

George Gernon's forced grant of the manor of Agher

Gerald FitzGerald wrests Powerscourt from the O'Tooles

Gerald Lynch of Lynch's Knock forfeits estate for 1641 rebellion

Hiberno-Romanesque western doorway of Killeshin church

Ineffective border wardens of Dunsany and Dangan

Kilteel commandery as outpost against the mountain Irish

Knockmoy Abbey caretaker and tombs in County Galway

Major Finglas Absent at Mass in Ballynaskeagh

Old Pale rampart through Clongoweswood

Ormonde relieves Carlow and Clogh-grenan in 1642

Parson's House Burned by O'Byrnes in Carlow

Present Carlow bridge built 1815 as Wellington Bridge

Preston's camp near Jigginstown, July 1647

Robert Nangle's military service and petition for Ballysax fee-farm

Slaying of O'Dowling family at Timahoe and 'miracle of St Mochua'

St. Berach offers Dunamase to St. Molua for a monastery

Stillorgan mansion and Dutch-style gardens

Submission of Rory Caech O'More, Chief of Leix, 1542

The lost slab of Weaver Best, disinherited son

Tomb of Melaghlin O'More at Abbeyleix

Victualling of the Fort of Maryborough besieged by rebels

Wolfe Tone family's tenancy near Bodenstown

Art Kavanagh hanged at Catherlough after capture at Monelly

Beheading of Stokes alias William mac Rorie at Timogue

Bishop Charnells routs invaders at Ferns

Dineley's 1680 description of Carlow as sanctuary during Massacre

Fort of Leix renamed Maryborough under Queen Mary

Owen Roe O'Neill's troops build temporary bridge at Leixlip

Piper's Stones stone circle on Church Mountain

Plan to Settle English Farmers at Leighlin Bridge, Carlow, and Castledermot

Robert FitzGerald imprisoned at his own house, Grangemellon

Robert Hartpole effigy-slab moved to Kilnacourt, Portarlington

Sir John Parnell's 18th-century restoration attempt at Dunamase

Sir Phelim O'Neill Demolishes Castles but Spares Charlemont

Skirmish near Johnstown Inn, July 1647

Attack on English force at Abbeyleix monastery

Ballysax Castle and Manor granted through Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard lines

Battle of Allen 1535 - O'More's conduct

Burning of the best wooden house in Ireland at Lough Allen

David le Botiller slain near Carlow by the O'Nolans

Drimnagh Castle surrounded by a water-filled moat

Duke of Leinster reviews Volunteers at Carlow, 1782