Limerick, its history and antiquities; ecclesiastical, civil, and military,from the earliest ages, with copious historical, archaeological, topographical, and genealogical notes

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1. O'Carroll's raid from Ballina to Ardcroney

   Ballina · town · Tipperary · 1559

   O'Carroll, following the custom of a predatory excursion after inauguration, made his first expedition against Turlough Mac I Brien of Arra. He totally devastated and ravaged the country from Ballina near Killaloe to O'Hogan's mill near Ardcroney, and slew Morrough Maclbrien.

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   Terrible was the commotion in consequence ; for nothing went more to the hearts of the people than an indignity of this kind.* In 1559, Gonor, Earl of Thomond, sat before luchiquin, to oppose the sons of Murrogh O'Brien. Donough, one of the sons of Murrogh was in the town, but Teigh, the other son of Murrough had been constantly in the company of the Earl of Desmond, since the expulsion of Donald O'Brien up to that period. Teigh made a sad complaint of his condition to the Earl of Desmond who assembled his troops and crossed the Shannon. The Earl of Thomond, leaving the camp at Inchiquin empty, proceeded to ask assistance from his trusty friend the Earl of Clanrickarde, which bemg granted, he did not halt until he arrived at the green of Inchiquin, and he returned back the same night to Ballyally. The camps of the Earls were not far asunder on that night. On the morrow, Desmond rose early, and marshalled his youthful warriors. They skirmished and fired on each other until they reached the top of KnockEurchailP where fatebroughtthemtogether,and victory afterafearfulfight declared in favor of Desmond. Gontemporaneously with this event O'Carroll, in accordance with the custom that every Irish chieftain thought it a duty to perform a predatory excursion as soon after his inauguration as possible, made his Captain's first expedition against Turlough Mac I Brien of Arra, on which occasion, he totally devastated and ravaged the country from Ballina, near KiUaloe, to O'Hogan^s mill, near Ardcroney.^ On the same day he slew Morrough Maclbrien, a distinguished Gaptain. In revenge the Maclbrien proceeded soon afterwards to ravage Ikerrin, in Tipperary ; but in this expechtion he was overthrown ; O'GarroU approached in battle order, dispersed the guards of the Maclbriens, not one of whom escaped by flight, took Maclbrien prisoner, who was not set at Hberty until he had paid ransom.' The rebellion of Gerald, the 16th Earl of Desmond, which brought him and Ms family to ruin, not content with his peaceable settlement in the Earldom, began about this time. His first disturbances were (in 1564) against the Earl of Ormond.^ These Earls were ordered to England, and bound by

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 57

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Ballina sits along the road near Killaloe, and in 1559 it was the starting point of a raid that stretched all the way to Ardcroney. That year, O'Carroll had just been inaugurated as chieftain, and by the custom of the time, a new captain was expected to lead a predatory excursion as soon as possible after taking power. His first expedition was against Turlough Mac I Brien of Arra. O'Carroll totally devastated and ravaged the country from Ballina to O'Hogan's mill near Ardcroney. On the same day he slew Morrough Maclbrien, a distinguished captain. The Maclbrien did not let it rest. Soon afterwards, in revenge, he proceeded to ravage Ikerrin in Tipperary. But O'Carroll approached in battle order. He dispersed the guards of the Maclbriens, and not one of them escaped by flight. He took Maclbrien prisoner, and the man was not set at liberty until he had paid ransom. This was happening at the same time as a wider conflict. In 1559, Gonor, Earl of Thomond, sat before Inchiquin to oppose the sons of Murrogh O'Brien. Donough was in the town, but Teigh, the other son, had been in the company of the Earl of Desmond. Teigh complained to Desmond of his condition, and Desmond assembled his troops and crossed the Shannon. The two Earls skirmished and fought until they reached the top of Knockeurchail, where victory after a fearful fight declared in favor of Desmond.

2. O'Connell at the Limerick bar mess: the M'Mahon shoe incident

   Limerick · city · Limerick

   In Limerick, O'Connell ordered the bar mess waiter to remove Mr. M'Mahon's shoes from the fireplace, declaring they ought to be kicked out of the room. M'Mahon, later Sir William M'Mahon, Master of the Rolls, applauded the remark.

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   There was no city in Ireland for which O'Connell had entertained more affection than for Limerick : it was in Limerick, in 1821, that he issued two of his most remarkable letters in reference to the controversy which he then had with Mr. Shell on the subject of Mr. Plunket's Bill in reference to the Catholic Clergy. These letters appeared in a local journal, which has long since ceased to exist. ^ It was in Limerick that he ordered the waiter of the bar mess to take the shoes of Mr. M'^Mahon (afterwards Sir WiUiam M'Mahon, Master of the Rolls,) from the fire-place, where they had been put inside the fender to air by an obsequious barrister, O'Connell stating, in the presence

   * The Limerick Herald.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 274

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, there is a story from the bar mess that has come down. O'Connell had great affection for this city. It was here in 1821 that he issued two of his most remarkable letters, in a controversy with Mr. Shell over Mr. Plunket's Bill regarding the Catholic Clergy, published in a local journal that has long since ceased to exist. But the tale people remember is from the bar mess. An obsequious barrister had put Mr. M'Mahon's shoes inside the fender by the fire to air. O'Connell ordered the waiter to take them from the fireplace, saying they ought to be kicked out of the room. M'Mahon, who later became Sir William M'Mahon, Master of the Rolls, applauded the remark.

3. O'Connell sends compliments to Dr. Ryan at Park House

   Limerick · city · Limerick

   On the very last occasion Daniel O'Connell visited Limerick, he made particular inquiries after Dr. Ryan's health and requested Dr. Whelan to make a special visit to Park House in the Liberator's name to pay Dr. Ryan his compliments, being unable to go himself.

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   entertaining opinions different from his, but gave tlie fullest credit to those who entertained views opposite to his own on public affairs. As we have said, though constitutionally adverse to agitation, there was no prelate in the land who gave larger toleration to the views of others ; and it cannot, in this brief and hasty sketch of his career, be omitted to state that the great O'Connell, on the very last occasion he ever visited Limerick, took occasion not only to make the most particular inquiries after the health of the Right Rev. Dr. Ryan, but to request the Right Rev. Dr. Whelan, who accomj)anied him, to make a special visit to Park House in his (the Liberator's) name to pay Dr. Ryan his compliments, the Liberator being unable to go himself

   He breathed his last on the 6th of June, 1864. After his death, the body, robed in episcopal costume, with purple rochet and cross, etc., was laid out in the lower reception room of his residence, Park House, where, in the course of the afternoon, -vCry many of the citizens proceeded to pay the sad tribute of their respect to all that was mortal of one who for so long a spaceof time was amongst them, a model of everything that was calculated to make man estimable.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 367

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, there is a story that ties Daniel O'Connell to a house in this city called Park House. On the very last occasion O'Connell ever visited Limerick, he made particular inquiries after the health of the Right Reverend Dr. Ryan. O'Connell was unable to go to Park House himself, so he asked the Right Reverend Dr. Whelan, who accompanied him, to make a special visit there in the Liberator's name and pay Dr. Ryan his compliments. Dr. Ryan was a bishop, a man constitutionally adverse to agitation, yet one who gave larger toleration to the views of others than any prelate in the land. He gave the fullest credit to those who held opinions opposite to his own on public affairs. He died on the 6th of June, 1864. His body, robed in episcopal costume, with purple rochet and cross, was laid out in the lower reception room of Park House. In the course of that afternoon, many of the citizens of Limerick proceeded there to pay the sad tribute of their respect to all that was mortal of one who for so long a space of time was amongst them, a model of everything that was calculated to make man estimable.

4. Payment to Donough O'Brien for betraying Thomas Fitzgerald

   Thomond · street · Dublin

   A payment of forty pounds was made in part to Donough O'Brien for promising to betray and deliver up the rebel Thomas Fitzgerald, who was then with O'Brien in Thomond, though O'Brien failed to carry out the undertaking.

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   He served at his own cost at the taking of Knockgraffon, Dungarvan, Carrigogunnel, the first and second time ; Ballinconnell Castle in Thomond and Clare, and Clononkenie, in the countic of Lymrick. He toke Donnell O'Bryen's galley, which did much prejudice the King's subjects in the river of Shenan. He sent his men, who slew the rebell called Slico (O'Connor Sligo), which did offend the cittizens much, and threatened to burn Lymerick. He caused Edmond Bourke and his sonne to pay £16 to such of the cittizens as they have robbed thereof. He caused William Fitzjames Geraldine to bestow the prey which he toke from some of the cittizens. His men brought home the cattle which were taken away the night before by some of the rebells. He apprehended one Macloghlen Baukaks sonn, and another rebell, whome he caused to pay £24 for their ransome, which he gave to such of the cittizens as the said Macloghlen's sonn formerly caused to pay him ransome of £10. He with a small companie burned the toune and castle in the Island called Ellanrogane, and faught with many of the rebells there, of whom they killed many, and burnt others, and brought his men with their goods home salfe. He toke a galley and a half galley from Mourough O'Bryan, which he carried by land a myle and a half, and then lanced them to the water, and brought them to Lymricke. He issued at midnight out of Lj'mricke towards the Bishop of Killalowe and his two sonnes, but they narrowly escaped him, quitting their horses and baggage, whereon thej' seized. He burned Kilcordane and Clonemoniayne, in O'Bryen's countric. lie allured James of Desmond to come into the Lord Deputie's camp and laye in his tent and wayte on him to Limerick, and in his progress through Thomond within two miles of Galway, where they tooke leave and came to Lyrarick, and the Lord Deputie .went to Galway. He payed £40 in part payment of 1000 Duckatts, which he proipised to Donough O'Bryan for betraying and delivering up into his hands the rebell Thomas Fitzgerald, leing tlicn with O'Brien in Thomond, as he undertook to doe, but fayled in performancethert'of."

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 52

   As the companion tells it

   In Thomond, a payment of 40 pounds was made in part toward 1000 ducats promised to Donough O'Brien. The sum was promised for betraying and delivering up into the payer's hands the rebel Thomas Fitzgerald, who was then lying with O'Brien in Thomond. O'Brien undertook to do it, but failed in the performance. The man who made this payment had served at his own cost at the taking of Knockgraffon, Dungarvan, Carrigogunnel the first and second time, Ballinconnell Castle in Thomond and Clare, and Clononkenie in the county of Limerick. He took Donnell O'Brien's galley, which did much prejudice to the King's subjects in the river of Shannon. He sent his men, who slew the rebel called Slico, O'Connor Sligo, who had offended the citizens much and threatened to burn Limerick. He caused Edmond Bourke and his son to pay 16 pounds to citizens they had robbed. He caused William Fitzjames Geraldine to restore prey taken from some of the citizens. His men brought home cattle taken the night before by rebels. He apprehended Macloghlen Baukak's son and another rebel, causing them to pay 24 pounds ransom, which he gave to citizens the son had previously forced to pay 10 pounds. He burned the town and castle in the island called Ellanrogane with a small company, killed and burnt many rebels there, and brought his men home safe. He took a galley and a half galley from Mourough O'Brien, carried them by land a mile and a half, launched them to the water, and brought them to Limerick. He issued at midnight towards the Bishop of Killaloe and his two sons, who narrowly escaped, leaving horses and baggage. He burned Kilcordane and Clonemoniayne in O'Brien's country.

5. Pitched battle at Affane between Desmond and Ormond

   Affane · townland · Waterford · 1561

   According to Sir John Davis, the first occasion of the Earl of Desmond's rebellion grew from his attempt to charge the Decies in County Waterford with coyne and livery. The Earl of Ormond resisted, fought him a pitched battle at Affane on the 15th of February 1561, took Desmond prisoner, and killed a considerable number of his followers.

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   ® Sir .John Davis says, the first occasion of his rebellion grew from his attempt to charge the Decies in the county of Waterford with coiyii and livery, black rents and cosheries, after the Irish manner, when he was resisted by the said earl, who fought him a pitched battle at Affane* in th.it county, on the 15th of February, 15(J1, when he was taken prisoner and lost a considerable number of his followers. — Smith's History of Kerr ij^ p. 254. *

   * Affane. — Tliis place was granted, together with other places, to Sir Walter Raleigh. It was here that he grew the first cherries, as it was in Youghal that he grew the first potatoes.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 57

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, on the 15th of February 1561, the Earl of Ormond fought the Earl of Desmond in a pitched battle at Affane. Sir John Davis says the trouble began when Desmond tried to charge the Decies in County Waterford with coyne and livery, black rents and cosheries, after the Irish manner. Ormond resisted him. Desmond was taken prisoner, and a considerable number of his followers were killed.

6. Plague and sickness deaths during siege of Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

   It was computed that 5,000 people died in Limerick during the siege from plague and sickness. Despite this, about 2,500 soldiers marched out and 4,000 Irishmen capable of bearing arms still remained within the walls.

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   with a draw-bridge over it^ from the EngHsh town. Iretou ordered all the arms and ammunition to be preserved, and the soldiers who were not of the city to be drawn up between it and the Parliamentary army, that such as desired might have convoys to conduct them to their respective parties; and that those who wished to return to their habitations should have passes to that effect. The governor of the city, Hugh O'Neil, met Ireton at the gate, where he presented him with the keys of the city and gave orders for the marching out of the soldiers who were not townsmen, according to the articles. These numbered about 2,500 men, not a few of whom, as they were going out, fell down dead of the plague. Several of them also lay stark dead and were buried in the church-yard. Ireton was shown the stores of arms, ammunition and gunpowder, the quantities of provisions, altogether a three months^ supply. The fortifications were also shown — he was pointed out everything, and told, at the same time, that nine or ten of those who were excepted in the articles, threw themselves on his mercy, and were waiting his orders in a house which the governor (O'Neil) named. The illustrious Terence Albert O'Brien, bishop of Emly, was taken in the pest-house, where Father Wolfe and major-general Purcell were also at the moment. Geoffrey Barron and Sir Geoffrey Galway surrendered. Dominick Fanning, the lionhearted, who had at all times bravely withstood whatever was contrary to principle and to faith, was taken in the church-yard of St. Francis, where he had secreted himself in the tomb of his ancestors^ It is computed that 5000 people died in the city during the siege of the plague and of sickness, but notwithstanding this, the above number of soldiers marched out, and there still remained 4000 Irishmen within, capable of bearing arms.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 100

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, you are moving through a city that endured a devastating siege in 1651. During that siege, it was computed that 5,000 people died in the city of plague and sickness. When Ireton's Parliamentary army prepared to enter, the governor, Hugh O'Neil, ordered all arms and ammunition preserved. Soldiers who were not townsmen were drawn up between the city and the Parliamentary army, so that those who wished could have convoys to their own parties, and those who wished to return home could have passes. Hugh O'Neil met Ireton at the gate and presented him with the keys of the city. About 2,500 soldiers marched out, and not a few of them, as they were going out, fell down dead of the plague. Several lay stark dead and were buried in the churchyard. Ireton was shown the stores of arms, ammunition, gunpowder, and provisions, enough for three months. The fortifications were shown as well. Nine or ten of those excepted in the articles threw themselves on his mercy, waiting his orders in a house the governor named. The bishop of Emly, Terence Albert O'Brien, was taken in the pest-house, where Father Wolfe and Major-General Purcell were also at that moment. Geoffrey Barron and Sir Geoffrey Galway surrendered. Dominick Fanning, described as the lion-hearted, who had bravely withstood whatever was contrary to principle and faith, was taken in the churchyard of St. Francis, where he had hidden himself in the tomb of his ancestors. Despite the 5,000 dead, those 2,500 soldiers marched out, and there still remained 4,000 Irishmen within the walls, capable of bearing arms.

7. Protestant parochial schools in Limerick and Kerry sees

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1799

   Returns to the House of Commons listed fifteen Protestant parochial schools in the sees of Limerick and Kerry attended by about twelve hundred children, though the majority Roman Catholic population refused to send children for Protestant instruction.

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   From returns made to the House of Commons in the course of the last Sessions, it appears that the following Protestant Parochial Schools are in the sees of Limerick and Kerry :—

   Fifteen Parochial Schools which are attended by about twelve hundred children. The greater part of the population are Roman Catholics, and stoutly persist in refusing to permit their children to receive any instruction from a Protestant Establishment.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 251

   As the companion tells it

   As the road passes through Limerick, returns made to the House of Commons in 1799 recorded fifteen Protestant parochial schools across the sees of Limerick and Kerry, attended by about 1,200 children. The greater part of the population were Roman Catholics, who stoutly persisted in refusing to permit their children to receive any instruction from a Protestant establishment.

8. Queen's fleet anchors at Carrigafoyle

   Carrigafoyle · townland · Kerry · 1580

   The queen's fleet reached the coast of Ireland and cast anchor in the Shannon opposite Carraigh-an-Phuill (Carrigafoyle), while the Lord Deputy was in Limerick dealing with the Catholic Lords of Munster.

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   On the 8th of July, the Lord Deputy continuing in Limerick, the Catholic Lords of Munster were summoned before him; they were charged with correspondence with the rebels ; they submitted, with the exception of Lord Barry ; but repenting of the terms, they -withdrew their submission, and were confined to their chambers in consequence, until they had bound themselves to maititaia two thousand men during the war. It was at this time that the queen's fleet reached the coast of Ireland, and made no delay until they cast anchor in the Shannon, opposite Carraigh-an-Phuill.i

   About Whitsuntide following, the Lord Justice proceeded back to Askeaton, where he spent a considerable part of the summer, and never ceased, day and night from persecuting and extirpating the Geraldines.'' Having perpetrated several revolting atrocities, he passed by a transverse course to Cork, and back to Askeaton and Limerick. He had in his custody, the Chiefs of Munster (the Geraldines only excepted) as hostages on this occasion, namely, Barrymore, the wife andson of MacCarthy More, the two sons of MacMaurice of Kerry, O'Sulhvan Bear, MacDonough McCarthy, Chief of Duhallow, and the son of MacCarthy Eeigh.' While the Lord Justice, Sir Wmiam Pelham, was at Limerick, Arthur, Lord Gray, Baron of Wilton and Knight of the Garter, arrived m Dublin; and the Lord Justice surrendered the sword to him, having left Limerick for Dublin for that purpose, and sailed for England.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 63

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, on the 8th of July 1580, the queen's fleet cast anchor in the Shannon, opposite the place then called Carraigh-an-Phuill. They had reached the coast of Ireland and made no delay before pushing up into the river and dropping anchor here. At that moment, the Lord Deputy was still in Limerick, dealing with the Catholic Lords of Munster. He had summoned them before him and charged them with correspondence with the rebels. They submitted, all except Lord Barry. But they repented of the terms they had agreed to, and withdrew their submission. For that, they were confined to their chambers until they had bound themselves to maintain 2,000 men during the war. So while the fleet lay at anchor here in the Shannon, the political ground was shifting in Limerick, with the lords of Munster first yielding, then pulling back, then yielding again under constraint. About Whitsuntide after this, the Lord Justice went back to Askeaton and spent much of the summer there, never ceasing day or night from persecuting and extirpating the Geraldines. He committed several atrocities, then crossed to Cork, and back again to Askeaton and Limerick. He held the chiefs of Munster as hostages, the Geraldines excepted: Barrymore, the wife and son of MacCarthy More, the two sons of MacMaurice of Kerry, O'Sullivan Bear, MacDonough McCarthy, chief of Duhallow, and the son of MacCarthy Reigh.

9. Remains of Limerick city walls by St. Munchin's

   Limerick · city · Limerick

   Portions of the old city wall of Limerick still remain between St. Munchin's Churchyard and the Shannon, where the wall is flanked by towers. Other surviving segments run between Island Road and Barrack Street, from Water-gate to the old Linen Hall site, and from Lock Quay to the Fever Hospital.

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   Portions of the famous old wall are still remaining between St. Munchin's Churchyarcl and the Shannon, where the wall is flanked by towers. Also between Island Road and Barrack Street, extending from the crossing to Dominick Street to the crossing of the New Koad, near St. Mary's Chapel, where it forms an angle, and extends along Change Street. From Water-gate to the site of the old Linen Hall there is another segment ; and from the corner of Lock Quay to the Fever Hospital, another and by far the most interesting portion, the ground adjacent to and occupied by the latter building having formed the Black Battery, between which and St. John's Gate was the breach. The " Eamparts", as the line from this corner to old Clare Street was called, even to a late period, which were also breached, and defended by the women of Limerick, were a sloping mound of earth, powerfully strengthening the wall interiorly, and now, along with the walls, forming the sites of Mr. Cregan's, Mr. Brown's, and a Mrs. Callaghan's gardens. In the former, a small swivel gun, quite perfect, about a foot and a-half long, and capable of throwing two-ounce balls, was found with three iron tubes of about the same length, but larger calibre, and are still mounted on the walls in embrasures lately made to receive them. Here the walls are nearly 36 feet thick, and have been lately tunnelled by the proprietor, in order to connect the interior and exterior garden; in the latter of which a passage like a chimney runs up to the top of that part of the wall which forms Mr. Brown's garden, where the wall has had a passage cut thi'ough, with steps, as old as the time of the Siege, when it formed a sallyport. The chimney-like passage is traditionally said to have been used for obtaining supplies for the garrison. This part of the wall is parallel to John Street, and the present occupiers are so very obliging that respectable visitors will find no difficulty in procuring admission. The entrance is in what is now called Father Quinn's Lane. The Devil's Battery was at the angle facing the lane.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 446

   As the companion tells it

   Limerick keeps portions of its old city wall. Some stand between St. Munchin's churchyard and the Shannon, flanked by towers. Other segments run between Island Road and Barrack Street, extending from the crossing to Dominick Street to the crossing of the New Road near St. Mary's Chapel, where the wall forms an angle and runs along Change Street. Another segment runs from Water-gate to the site of the old Linen Hall, and another from the corner of Lock Quay to the Fever Hospital. That last section is the most interesting. The ground around the Fever Hospital was once the Black Battery, and between it and St. John's Gate lay the breach. The line from that corner to old Clare Street was called the Ramparts, even to a late period. They too were breached, and defended by the women of Limerick. They were a sloping mound of earth, strengthening the wall from within, and now form the sites of gardens belonging to Mr. Cregan, Mr. Brown, and a Mrs. Callaghan. In one of those gardens a small swivel gun was found, quite perfect, about a foot and a half long, capable of throwing two-ounce balls. Three iron tubes of about the same length but larger calibre came with it, and they are still mounted on the walls in embrasures lately made to receive them. Here the walls are nearly 36 feet thick. The proprietor has tunnelled them to connect the interior and exterior garden. In the latter, a passage like a chimney runs up to the top of the wall that forms Mr. Brown's garden, where a passage was cut through with steps as old as the time of the siege, when it served as a sallyport. The chimney-like passage is traditionally said to have been used for obtaining supplies for the garrison. The entrance is in what is now called Father Quinn's Lane, and the Devil's Battery stood at the angle facing the lane.

10. Richard Harold of Pennywell and the Galway execution

    Pennywell · street · Limerick · 1651

    Richard Harold of Pennywell was married to Jenny Galway, daughter of Sir Geoffry Galway, who was executed upon the surrender of Limerick to Ireton in 1651. Her portrait was held by descendants Daniel and Edward Harold.

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    with the Irish at Singland, in which twelve hundred men were slain, an angel appeared in the camp of Auliff, the Danish Prince. Since then the Harolds of Limerick bear the angel habited issuing from a Ducal coronet. The Harolds of Dublin have a Lion Rampant gules as their crest — the arms of both families are the same — the motto is formitas in calo. In St. Mary's Cathedral the seat of one of the ancient oak stalls is carved with the Harold Arms and the above motto. Of this family was Harold, Bishop of Limerick, A.D. 1151. The name appears frequently on the principal roll of the city from A.D. 1418 to 1689. Twelve of the name were mayors of Limerick. Eighteen of the name were bailiffs and sheriffs. Sir Balthazaar Nihill, one of the Knights of Malta, was married to Miss Harold of Limerick. General de la Hitte, the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the French Eepublic, was married to the daughter of the celebrated beauty. Miss Jane Harold ; she was wife of Rogerson Cotter, Esq., of Mallow (uncle of Sir J. Cotter, Bart., of Rakferant), and aunt of Daniel and Edward Harold, Esqrs. above mentioned. This family is related to the Eyans, of Inch House, Co. Tipperarj^ ; the Macarthys, of Spring House, Co. Tipperary ; the Shiels, of Limerick, &c. ; the Grehans of the Count}' Dublin ; the Galways of Limerick and Cork; the Roches of Limerick ; the Woulfs of Clare, &c. &c. The portrait of Miss Jenny Galway, the wife of Richard Harold of Pemywell, and daughter of Sir Geoffry Galway, who was executed on the surrender of Limerick, in 1051, to Ireton, is in the possession of Messrs. Daniel and Edward Harokl. The late eminent Chief Baron Woulfe's grandmother was Miss Harold, of Pemywell. A curious circumstance connected with this ancient family occurred during the mayoralty of tlie late Alderman Joseph Gabbett. The ninth son of the General Baron Harold, above mentioned, feeling the absolute necessity of possessing himself of the family genealogy, which was essential to his recognition abroad, wrote to the mayor expressing his anxiety to this effect. The letter was written in French — lie was not aware that any of the name survived in Limerick. The moment Alderman Gabbett received the letter, he communicated with Richard Harold Esq., who immediately forwarded the required doculnents, duly attested and signed by the authorities, including the Catholic and Protestant Bishops of Limerick. The document went to its destination at Dusseldorf, where the young soldier was forthwith enrolled among the nobility, and his progress in the army, in which he had already distinguished himself, was rapid in the extreme.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    In 1651, Pennywell was the home of Richard Harold, whose wife Jenny Galway was daughter of Sir Geoffry Galway. Sir Geoffry was executed upon the surrender of Limerick to Ireton that year. Jenny Galway's portrait was held by her husband's descendants, Daniel and Edward Harold. The Harolds of Limerick bore an angel habited, issuing from a ducal coronet, on their crest, and their motto was formitas in calo. The family appears frequently on the principal roll of the city from 1418 to 1689. Twelve of the name were mayors of Limerick. Eighteen were bailiffs and sheriffs. In 1151, Harold was Bishop of Limerick. The late Chief Baron Woulfe's grandmother was Miss Harold. A curious circumstance connected to this family occurred during the mayoralty of Alderman Joseph Gabbett. The ninth son of General Baron Harold, feeling the absolute necessity of possessing the family genealogy for his recognition abroad, wrote to the mayor expressing his anxiety. The letter was written in French, as he was not aware that any of the name survived in Limerick. The moment Alderman Gabbett received the letter, he communicated with Richard Harold Esq., who immediately forwarded the required documents, duly attested and signed by the authorities, including the Catholic and Protestant Bishops of Limerick. The document went to its destination at Dusseldorf, where the young soldier was enrolled among the nobility, and his progress in the army was rapid.

11. Richard Russell rebuilds Plassy

    Plassy · site · Limerick

    The Russell family, prominent in Limerick, included Richard Russell who rebuilt Plassy. The family was involved in a dispute with a Mr. Taylor and maintained milling interests in the area.

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    stores (1787), 398. Roman Catholic Relief (see Catholic), 433. Rome (see Pepe), intercourse with, in seventh century, 5 ; and Henry Vlll., 92; resistance to, pledged by Earl of Ossory in 1535, 159. Roscommon Castle taken, 157 ; Earl of, 668. Ross, Bishop of, 105, 106. Rotatory election of mayor, 517, 518. Round Church, 488. Round Towers (711-749) ; Nenagh, 93. Ruins of religious buildings, 660. Rnpe Fort or Kochfort, Bishop of, 567. Russell, Maurice, appointment of (1547), 92. Russell and Co., mill weirs, 201 ; mills, 389. Russell family, account of, 466, 467, 468; Mr. and Mr. Taylor dispute, 437 ; Richard, rebuilds Plassy, 465 ; J. N. and Sons, 466. Russia, war with, 51.1.

    Kyan, Rev.Timothy, put to death for marrying Protestant, 324, 618. Ryan, Dr., elected Bishop, 637 ; death and funeral,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 457

    As the companion tells it

    Plassy is a place at Limerick, rebuilt by Richard Russell. The Russell family were long established in the county. Maurice Russell received an appointment in 1547. The family's milling interests ran deep: Russell and Company operated mill weirs and mills in the area. Richard Russell rebuilt Plassy, and J. N. Russell and Sons carried on the family name. The Russells also figured in a dispute with a Mr. Taylor. Beyond these fragments, the record gives little more — a family woven into Limerick's trade, its land, and its quarrels.

12. Royal Agricultural Association banquet in Limerick theatre

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1846

    In 1846 the Royal Agricultural Association met in Limerick, with a banquet held in the theatre presided over by the Mayor. At the dinner, Mr. Smith of Deanstown dismissed the potato failure as harmless, saying its effects would pass away speedily.

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    A sum of £5,000 was collected in the city to meet the exigencies of the dreadful case, which was thought so little of, however, by some of the agricultural philosophers at the dinner just referred to, that Mr. Smith, of Deanstown, expressed himself to the effect that the blackening of the potato would be attended with no danger, and that its effect would pass away speedily, and leave no injurious result to deplore.

    A demonstration in sustainment of Mr. W. S. O'Brien, M.P., took place on Thursday the 6th of June, when a magnificent reception was given to him on his first visit to Limerick after his confinement by order of the House of Commons. On this occasion there was a procession of the congregated trades, the temperance societies, the Corporation, including the Mayor, the Aldermen, and Councillors, a long line of pedestrians and equestrians to the number of 20,000. Trees were brought from the country to form triumphal arches. The neighbouring towns furnished addi-

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 289

    As the companion tells it

    In 1846, Limerick hosted the Royal Agricultural Association, with a banquet held in the theatre, presided over by the Mayor. The potato crop had failed, and a sum of 5,000 pounds was collected in the city to meet the dreadful case. Yet some of the agricultural philosophers at the dinner thought little of it. Mr. Smith of Deanstown expressed himself to the effect that the blackening of the potato would be attended with no danger, and that its effect would pass away speedily, and leave no injurious result to deplore. He was wrong. That failure became the hunger that reshaped the country. But on that evening, in that theatre, the men of the Association sat down to their dinner and told themselves it would all be over soon.

13. School for poor girls established in Newgate Lane, Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1793

    Bishop Young established a school in Newgate Lane, Limerick, for female poor children, presided over by his sister Miss Mary Anne Young. She taught and clothed the poor children of St. Mary's parish and was long remembered by the poor for her charity.

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    One of his earliest acts was to establish a school in Newgate Lane for female poor children, which was presided over with sedulous care by Miss Mary Anne Young, one of his gifted sisters, who not only taught the poor children of St. Mary's parish, but clothed them, and even to this day her name is held in deserved honour in the memories of the poor. The bishop published a catechism for the use of the children of the diocese, which ■went through several editions, and this catechism was printed in Irish and in English.^ Dr. Young also pubhshed two or tliree editions of the Statuta

    ' Memoranda in pencil in a fly-leaf of the Conway Correspondence.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 363

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are near Newgate Lane, where in 1793 Bishop Young established a school for female poor children. One of his earliest acts, it was presided over by his sister, Miss Mary Anne Young. She not only taught the poor children of St. Mary's parish but clothed them as well. Even to this day, her name is held in deserved honour in the memories of the poor. The bishop also published a catechism for the use of the children of the diocese, which went through several editions and was printed in Irish and in English. Dr. Young published two or three editions of the Statuta as well.

14. Sergeants' civic dress modernised under Mayor Watson, 1824

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1824

    The sergeants at mace in Limerick received their present gold-lace coats and cocked hats only from the mayoralty of Henry Watson in 1824. Previously they wore plain blue surtouts and hats with orange and blue cockades representing the clothiers and combers, the staple trades of old Limerick.

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    * The present dress of the sergeants at mace Is rather modern, dating no farther back than the mayoralty of the late Henry Watson, Esq., in 1824. Previous to that period they wore no gold lace coats or cocked hats, but a bUie surtout, and plain hats wiili orange and blue cockades (the colours of the clothieis and combera, the staple trades of Limerick in those days). Ou certain public occasions they wore large red cloth cloaks richly trimmed with gold lace, the ci ilavs of which were trimmed with gold lace also. The constables and criers or bellmen, wore cocked liats, with the corner over the right temple. The hats of the constables were trimmed uith black lace and they had black ribbon cockades, those of the criers with sllrer lace, and black ribbon cockades. The high constable carried a slung sword, and wore a black cloak and cocked hat trimmed with black lace. The eword bearer wore a black cloak and a bearskin cap with a red bag hanging down from the top. According to the Charter of Elizabeth, the sword bearer is to carry the sword and v\ear the hat of mainteuance, when public duty requires.

    710 HISTOHr OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 414

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, the city holds a detail from 1824, when Mayor Henry Watson gave the sergeants at mace their present gold-lace coats and cocked hats. Before that, they wore no gold lace. They wore a blue surtout and plain hats with orange and blue cockades, the colours of the clothiers and combers, the staple trades of Limerick in those days. On certain public occasions they wore large red cloth cloaks richly trimmed with gold lace, the sleeves trimmed with gold lace too. The constables and criers, or bellmen, wore cocked hats with the corner over the right temple. The constables' hats were trimmed with black lace and they had black ribbon cockades. Those of the criers were trimmed with silver lace, with black ribbon cockades. The high constable carried a slung sword, and wore a black cloak and cocked hat trimmed with black lace. The sword bearer wore a black cloak and a bearskin cap with a red bag hanging down from the top. According to the Charter of Elizabeth, the sword bearer is to carry the sword and wear the hat of maintenance, when public duty requires.

15. Square fort and round moat on Knocklong townland

    Knocklong · town · Limerick

    On the same townland as the Lios of Knocklong stand the remains of a square fort, about two-thirds ruined. Adjoining it to the west is a round moat thirteen feet high, with hawthorns growing on its sides, an area of fifty-six feet, and a deep fosse. A dog was said to have been swallowed up in the middle area and never returned, suggesting a possible cave.

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    Passing on to the north, we saw on the same townland the remains of a square fort : about two-thirds of it was ruined Adjoining the square fort is a round moat, to the west. The mound is thirteen feet high, its sides were luxuriant with numerous hawthorns. The area twenty paces diameter, or fifty-six feet. It has a deep fosse ; a dog was swallowed up in the middle area, and never came back (a cave?). Beyond these, we were shown another, the moat or lios of Ballycahill, which is planted. The area measures thirty-three paces, or ninety feet.

    We were told of Aghadoon, stated to be only a quarter of a mile from Knocklong : it is really two miles. Here was a fort five times higher than the others. Hither we drove by Elton cross roads and Fair Green. Aghadoon is on the lands of Knoctora. It is an earthen dun, or fort, about twenty feet in height, planted, and thirty-six paces in diameter ; the area forms a hollow, from the rampart, which is only about three feet in height. The gap, or entrance, is at the east side. In these dimensions there is nothing to justify the statement that it is five times the height of the other moats examined.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 433

    As the companion tells it

    Knocklong. On the same townland as the Lios of Knocklong stand the remains of a square fort, about two-thirds of it ruined. Adjoining it to the west is a round moat, thirteen feet high, its sides thick with hawthorns. Its area measures twenty paces across, or fifty-six feet, and it has a deep fosse. A dog was swallowed up in the middle area and never came back. The record asks whether there is a cave beneath it. Beyond these, the writer was shown the moat or lios of Ballycahill, planted, its area thirty-three paces, or ninety feet. They were also told of Aghadoon, said to be only a quarter of a mile from the town but really two miles. There was a fort claimed to be five times higher than the others. They drove there by Elton cross roads and Fair Green. Aghadoon is on the lands of Knoctora, an earthen dun about twenty feet high, planted, thirty-six paces in diameter. Its area forms a hollow, the rampart only about three feet high, the entrance at the east side. The writer notes these dimensions do not justify the claim that it is five times the height of the other moats examined.

16. Storm damages Limerick harbour and collapses old diocesan school

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1812

    A dreadful north-west storm on February 4th damaged shipping in Limerick harbour and flooded the quays. Part of the old diocesan school, then inhabited by indigent poor, collapsed and buried many in ruins, though no lives were lost.

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    Februarj- 4. A dreadful storm arose from N.W., about four o'clock, a.ji., and did much damage to the shipping in the harbour — the tide rose to a great height, and covered the quays — the morning was dark, and the gale quite unexpected. The preceding night had been nearly calm. The mercury in the barometer stood at 29 three-tenths inches ; part of the roof and side wall of the old diocesan school, which had been long since abandoned as a seat of literature, and was a mere lazaretto, inhabited by a number of most indigent poor, fell, and in the fall buried many in the ruins. No lives lost — the building totally eradicated in the next 3-ear.

    Thomas O'Brien, aged 110 years, died at Abington — he had lived for three generations in the family of John Evans, Esq., of Ashrow. Cornelius Madigan died at Cahir Murphy, Co. Clare, aged 117. — Limerick Chronicle, March 2S(h.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, there is a story from February the 4th, 1812. A dreadful storm arose from the north-west about four o'clock in the morning and did much damage to the shipping in the harbour. The tide rose to a great height and covered the quays. The morning was dark and the gale quite unexpected. The preceding night had been nearly calm. The mercury in the barometer stood at 29 and three-tenths inches. Part of the roof and side wall of the old diocesan school fell. That building had long since been abandoned as a seat of literature and was a mere lazaretto, inhabited by a number of most indigent poor. In the fall it buried many in the ruins. No lives were lost. The building was totally eradicated the next year.

17. Taking of Derryknockane Castle from rebels

    Derryknockane · townland · Limerick

    Edmond Sexten, with the citizens of Limerick, helped capture the castle of Deryknockane from rebels. Lord Leonard Grey entrusted its keeping to Sexten for six years, costing him £39 18s. sterling.

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    • A summary dT the achievements of Edmond Sexten from the Arthur MSS. is of some interest: " Edmond Sexten was employed by the king in the commission with the Earl of Desmond, tha Bishop of Emlaye, and Mr. Agard, for the suppression of all the religious houses in Mounster, in which journey be spent £9 sterling. He was a mayne help with the cittizens of Limmerick to take in the castle of Deryknockane from the rebells, and Lord Leonard Grey left the keeping thereof to Sexten's own care for the six years, which cost him in all £39 18s. sterling. He was employed by the Kyng to the traitor Thomas Fitzgerald, in hope to reduce him to subjection, whereof he fayled, but certified his Majestie of the refractoriness of the said Fitzgerald.

    After that he was three severall tymes employed by the King to the Earl of Desmond and other Lords in Munster, to keepe them in their loyaltie, and from adhering to the said Thomas and his complices. The then Lord Deputie and Councell oftentymes employed him to that effect to the said lords and to O'Bryen, to John of Desmond, and to his son James, and to Donough O'Brj'en and others. ♦

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Derryknockane, a castle was taken from rebels, and Edmond Sexten had a main hand in it. He was a main help with the citizens of Limerick in taking the castle of Derryknockane from the rebels. Lord Leonard Grey then left the keeping of it to Sexten's own care for six years, which cost him in all 39 pounds and 18 shillings sterling. Before that, Sexten had been employed by the king in a commission with the Earl of Desmond, the Bishop of Emlaye, and Mr. Agard, for the suppression of all the religious houses in Munster, a journey in which he spent 9 pounds sterling. After the castle, the king employed him to the traitor Thomas Fitzgerald, in hope to reduce him to subjection. He failed in that, but certified his Majesty of the refractoriness of the said Fitzgerald. Then he was employed three several times by the king to the Earl of Desmond and other lords in Munster, to keep them in their loyalty and from adhering to Thomas and his accomplices. The Lord Deputy and Council often employed him to that effect, to O'Bryen, to John of Desmond and his son James, and to Donough O'Bryen and others.

18. Thomas Kennedy hanged at Doon under cavalry escort

    Doon · town · Limerick · 1798

    Thomas Kennedy, convicted of taking arms, was removed under escort of the Royal Limerick Cavalry to Doon and hanged by court-martial sentence. He was the brother of Patrick Kennedy, hanged earlier that month.

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    June 27th. — Thomas Kennedy (brother of Patrick Kennedy hanged on the 4th instant) convicted of taking arms, was removed to Down, under escort of the Koyal Limerick Cavalry, and hanged in pursuance of a sentence of a Court-martial.

    June 28th Dr. Robert Ross, and Mr. George Hargrove, were tried by Court-martial, and

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 236

    As the companion tells it

    This is Doon. On June 27th, 1798, Thomas Kennedy, convicted of taking arms, was brought here under escort of the Royal Limerick Cavalry and hanged by sentence of a court-martial. He was the brother of Patrick Kennedy, hanged on the 4th of that same month.

19. Thomond effigies broken by Ireton's soldiers

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1650–1651

    Broken granite effigies of the Earl and Countess of Thomond lie in two compartments of St. Mary's Cathedral, dating from Queen Elizabeth's time. They were broken in pieces by Ireton's soldiers during the Cromwellian period.

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    Lying in two of the compartments are broken effigies, cut out in full, of granite, and in the fashion of Queen Elizabeth's days, the gilding and ornamentation of which are nearly utterly defaced. The effigies represent the Earl and Countess of Thomond, and were attached to the original monument. They were broken in pieces by Ireton's soldiers. Beneath is the tomb or crypt of the O'Briens ; and when the cathedral w^as recently undergoing repairs, skulls of considerable magnitude, and bones were found m the crypt. For many years, we understand, a sum of £10 wa« paid yearly, by will of the Earl of Thomond, to the verger of St. Mary's Cathedral, for keeping the monuments clean. No payment has been made in latter years. Indeed the monuments generally appear to require much closer attention than is bestowed upon them.

    During the incumbency of the Kev. Dean Hoare, in 1759, while Mr. Sexton Baylee was mayor, a sum of £L,327 14s. ^■^d. was expended in repairs, alterations, and restorations, under the dii'cctions of the rev. gentleman. A sum of £100 was raised by the sale of pews at this peiiod. In 1680, the south door and porch (as seen in the view of the cathedral given in Ware's Bishops), were added to the church, and a pavejnent made from them to the main street, or Mary Street. Previous to this, the grand entrance was at the w^estern door, to which it has again been changed, and ■where it is likely to remain as required by the conveniences of the approaches, and the disposition, etc., of the interior of the cathedral.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 342

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, St. Mary's Cathedral holds the broken effigies of the Earl and Countess of Thomond. They lie in two compartments, cut out in full from granite, in the fashion of Queen Elizabeth's days. The gilding and ornamentation are nearly utterly defaced. These effigies were attached to the original monument, and they were broken in pieces by Ireton's soldiers during the Cromwellian assault on the city. Beneath the effigies is the tomb or crypt of the O'Briens. When the cathedral was recently undergoing repairs, skulls of considerable magnitude and bones were found in the crypt. For many years, a sum of £10 was paid yearly, by will of the Earl of Thomond, to the verger of St. Mary's Cathedral, for keeping the monuments clean. No payment has been made in latter years. The monuments generally appear to require much closer attention than is bestowed upon them. During the incumbency of Reverend Dean Hoare, in 1759, while Mr. Sexton Baylee was mayor, a sum of £1,327 and 14 shillings was expended in repairs, alterations, and restorations, under the directions of the reverend gentleman. A sum of £100 was raised by the sale of pews at this period.

20. Thomond forces retreat to the Curlew Mountains (1522)

    near Curlew Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Roscommon · 1522

    In 1522, the sons of the King of Thomond, with Bishop Turlough O'Brien of Killaloe, marched north to aid O'Neill against O'Donnell. O'Neill was defeated before they arrived, forcing a precipitate retreat to the Curlew Mountains where the allies separated.

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    In the year 1522 a feud having arisen between O'Neill and O'DonneU, the sons of the King of Thomond, namely, Donogh and Teige, together with their kinsman Torlogh O'Brien, Bishop of Killaloe, proceeded to the North to the aid of O'Neill ; but the latter prince having been defeated before they could join him, the prince of Thomond and his troops were compelled to make a precipitate retreat, not halting until they reached the Curlew mountains, where the allies separated.*

    In the year 1523 this Teige O'Brien was killed at the battle of the ford of Camus.^ while attacking Piers Eoe, Earl of Ormond, who was then at war Avith the neighbouring dynast O'CarroU ; and his dead body was carried by his soldiers to the monastery of Ennis, where several of his race have found a resting place.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    The Curlew Mountains, in Roscommon, are where a retreat ended in 1522. A feud had arisen between O'Neill and O'Donnell, and the sons of the King of Thomond, Donogh and Teige, together with their kinsman Turlough O'Brien, Bishop of Killaloe, marched north to aid O'Neill. But O'Neill was defeated before they could join him. The prince of Thomond and his troops were forced into a precipitate retreat, not halting until they reached these mountains, where the allies separated. The following year, 1523, Teige O'Brien was killed at the battle of the ford of Camus, attacking Piers Roe, Earl of Ormond, who was then at war with the neighbouring dynast O'Carroll. His soldiers carried his dead body to the monastery of Ennis, where several of his race have found a resting place.

21. Tyrconnell returns to Limerick with supplies from France

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

    In January 1691, Tyrconnell returned from France to Limerick with three frigates laden with provisions, clothing, arms, ammunition, and about £8,000 in money. He was accompanied by Sir Richard Nagle and Sir Stephen Rice, who held civil administration powers from James.

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    December ; new Commissions were given out to the judges, who did not spare the mere Irish. Nefarious laws were enacted. On the 16th of December_, Brigadier Dorrington of the Irish army issued a proclamation from Limerick, in which he stated that all needful accommodation was in readiness for those who chose to transport themselves to Prance.^ In this proclamation, the Brigadier inveighed vehemently against Wilham and his government, and the conduct altogether of WiUiam^s partizans everjnvhere during this crisis. One of William^s very first acts on his arrival in London was to open the Session of Parliament with a speech from the throne, in which he not only spoke of the successes (?) which his arms had in Ireland, notwithstanding the want of pay which his soldiers had endured, but of his relations towards France, the raising of a million of money on the credits of the forfeited estates in Ireland, the maintenance of a force of 67,636 men, a strong navy, new ships, &c. It was also suggested that a return should be given of the names of all those who had been in " rebellion^' in England and in Ireland, in order to the confiscation of their estates, and the applying the proceeds to bear the charges of the war ! Here we have a key to the purpose and the policy of William. He proceeded against his father-in-law, James II. in open " rebellion" — and declared those to be rebels who drew the sword against his usurpation. The question of the forfeited estates was not so easily adjusted, though ultimately it prevailed. The matter was held over for another session, on the recommendation of the House of Lords. Wilham did not feel at ease with his friends ; they were exacting, and he was wilHng, but he could not do all with the desired haste. In disgust he went to Holland, where he arrived after an unpropitious voyage. New " Popish plots" were discovered. Catholics of high position and influence were assassinated under the cover of law. Lord Preston and Mr. Ashton were tried and condemned in England, because they were favorable to James. Never was hatred more insatiate in the darkest days that had gone by. In Limerick, Waterford, Cork, and Tipperary, several brisk actions took place between the Williamite troops and the rapparees. Towards Nenagh a sharp fight occurred between the rapparees and Lieutenant-Colonel Lillington, who first secured a bridge about haK a mile from the town, sent a detachment to occupy a pass towards Limerick, while the rest of his freebooters entering Nenagh — the Irish flying to the Castle for securit}^ — he set fire to the houses, together with stores of malt, and meal, and plundered 300 head of black cattle. Forty or fifty Irish fell in this foray of Lilhngton. Hacking, hunting, and butchering was the course of the WiUiamites.^ People began to tire and sicken of this wearisome warfare. A defeat at the moat of Grange, and a scarcity of provisions which now began to be sensibly felt in Limerick, contributed in no small degree to unnerve and cause dismay to the people. Succours were hourly looked for from Prance ; but days and weeks were passing amid hope deferred, and the good time after aU did not come. However, Tyrconnell, in January, 1691, returned from France to Limerick with three frigates laden with provisions, clothing, arms, and ammunition, and about £8000 in money. Tyrconnell was accompanied by Sir Eichard Nagle and Sir Stephen Eice, in whose hands James had lodged the administration of civil affairs up to the present.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are travelling through a city that was, in early 1691, a place of growing want and weary warfare. Limerick, Waterford, Cork, and Tipperary had seen brisk actions between Williamite troops and the rapparees. Around Nenagh, Lieutenant-Colonel Lillington secured a bridge half a mile from the town, sent a detachment to occupy a pass towards Limerick, and entered Nenagh with the rest of his men. The Irish fled to the Castle for safety. He set fire to the houses and to stores of malt and meal, plundered 300 head of black cattle, and forty or fifty Irish fell in the foray. In Limerick itself, a defeat at the moat of Grange and a scarcity of provisions contributed to dismay among the people. Succours were hourly looked for from France, but days and weeks passed amid hope deferred. Then, in January 1691, Tyrconnell returned from France to Limerick with three frigates laden with provisions, clothing, arms, and ammunition, and about £8,000 in money. He was accompanied by Sir Richard Nagle and Sir Stephen Rice, in whose hands James had lodged the administration of civil affairs. The good time, after all, had come, though the war around Limerick was far from over. Hacking, hunting, and butchering had been the course of the Williamites, and people had begun to tire and sicken of this wearisome warfare. The arrival of those frigates brought what the city had been waiting for week upon week.

22. Villiers endowment schools in Nicholas Street and Henry Street

    Nicholas Street · street · Limerick · 1865

    The Villiers endowment schools operated in Nicholas Street under the National Board of Education and in Henry Street on their original footing. The Charity Estate supported these with annual income from rent-charge and personal estate in the funds.

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    The school was confined for a long time to the education of the choir boys of St. Mary's Cathedral, many of whom were natives of England. It is now (1865) merely a sinecure of the master's. 5. Villiers's endowments : — The schools in Nicholas Street under these endowments are placed in coBnection with the National Board of Education. Those in Henry Street remain on their original footing. The Charity Estate appUcable for these purposes consists of £47 19s, Id. a year, derived from a rent-charge, and £656 4s. from personal estate in the funds, amounting

    516

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 294

    As the companion tells it

    In 1865, the Villiers endowment schools operated in Nicholas Street under the National Board of Education, while those in Henry Street remained on their original footing. The Charity Estate supporting these schools consisted of £47 19s. 1d. a year derived from a rent-charge, and £656 4s. from personal estate in the funds.

23. Viscountcy title changed from Kinsale to Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1624–1628

    Sir Dominick Sarsfield was created Viscount Kinsale by Letters Patent in 1624, but King Charles I changed the title to Viscount Kilmallock in the third year of his reign because Lord Baron Courcey challenged the Kinsale title.

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    " Sir Dominick Sarsfield was second son of Edmond, and brother to John ; he was created Lord Baron of Ireland, and Viscount Kinsale, bj' Letters Patent granted at New Market the 13th of February, by King James I. of England, in the 22nd year of his Reign, 1624 ; but King Charles I. he changed the Title of Kinsale to Kilmallock, the third year of his Reign, by reason, that the Lord Baron Courcey challenged the said title of Kinsale, but the title of Lord Viscount Kilmallock was continued still, by Patent to Sir Dominick, from the time he was created Lord Viscount Kinsale.

    " The Original Patent was in my custody in King James XL's time.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 154

    As the companion tells it

    Kilmallock gives its name to a viscountcy that began under another name. Sir Dominick Sarsfield, second son of Edmond and brother to John, was created Lord Baron of Ireland and Viscount Kinsale by Letters Patent granted at New Market, the 13th of February, in the 22nd year of King James the First's reign, 1624. But King Charles the First changed the title from Kinsale to Kilmallock in the third year of his reign, because Lord Baron Courcey challenged the Kinsale title. The viscountcy of Kilmallock was continued by patent to Sir Dominick from the time he was first created Viscount Kinsale. The original patent was held in King James the Eleventh's time, in the custody of the one who recorded this.

24. Waterford surrenders to William

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1690

    William summoned Waterford, which surrendered to his forces. He then spoke again of returning to England but instead joined the army at Golden Bridge.

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    It is certain that William, who had set out on his march to Limerick on the 9th of July, made several delays, and spoke of returning to England, in the hope that he might be able to induce Tyrconnell to enter into a satisfactory negociation. In his progress he was accompanied by the Duke of Ormonde, with whom he dined at his castle of Kilkenny, where, no doubt, he admired the magnificent gallery of paintings, which included portraits of the unfortunate Earl of Strafford in his younger days and towards the close of his puzzling career.* Erom Kilkenny, on Sunday the 20th, they marched six miles farther, to Mr. Read^s, of Rossenara, where they encamped ; on the following day, they reached Carrick-on-Suir, where also they encamped, and viewed the residence of the Duke of Ormonde, whose ancestor, Edward Boteler, or Butler, in the reign of Edward II. obtained the honor of Earl of Carrick, which the Duke now enjoyed. While in camp near Carrick-on-Suir, I believe at a place caUed Deer Park, a few miles on the Clonmel road, WiUiam, who had heard that Thomas Otway, Protestant Bishop of Ossory, refused to pray for him, directed his secretary. Sir William Southwell, to write to the Bishop, suspending him till further orders. William now summoned Waterford, which surrendered ; and here again he spoke of going to England, but did not do so, and joined the army on the 2nd of August at Golden Bridge.

    While Wilham was at Golden Bridge, he was waited on by the Mayor and Corporation of Cashel, who presented him with a petition on the subject of their displacement by James, and he gave them a letter restoring them to their ancient rights and privileges, and naming Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers of the Corporation.^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, a city on the road, surrendered to William in 1690. He had set out on his march to Limerick on the 9th of July, but made several delays, speaking of returning to England in the hope that he might induce Tyrconnell to enter into a satisfactory negotiation. The Duke of Ormonde accompanied him. They dined at Ormonde's castle in Kilkenny, where William admired a magnificent gallery of paintings, which included portraits of the Earl of Strafford in his younger days and towards the close of his career. On Sunday the 20th, they marched 6 miles farther, to Mr. Read's of Rossenara, and encamped. The following day they reached Carrick-on-Suir, encamped again, and viewed the residence of the Duke of Ormonde, whose ancestor Edward Butler, in the reign of Edward II, obtained the honor of Earl of Carrick, which the Duke now enjoyed. While in camp near Carrick-on-Suir, at a place called Deer Park, William heard that Thomas Otway, Protestant Bishop of Ossory, refused to pray for him. He directed his secretary, Sir William Southwell, to write to the Bishop, suspending him till further orders. William then summoned Waterford, which surrendered. Here again he spoke of going to England, but did not do so, and joined the army on the 2nd of August at Golden Bridge. There the Mayor and Corporation of Cashel waited on him with a petition about their displacement by James. He gave them a letter restoring them to their ancient rights and privileges, and naming the Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers of the Corporation.

25. White marble monument to Fr. Patrick Hogan in St. Michael's Church

    Denmark Street · street · Limerick

    A handsome white marble monument in mediaeval style was erected in St. Michael's Church to the memory of Very Rev. Patrick Hogan, P.P., V.G., costing about £300. He left £2,000 to Park College and commissioned a painting of the Crucifixion for the Virgin altar.

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    In St. Michael's Church are two mural monuments. One is a handsome white marble monument in mediaeval style to the memory of the late Very Rev. Patrick Hogan, P.P., V.G., and has the following inscription:

    I. H. S. Eevo. admodum Patricio Hogan, Dioec. Lim. Vic. Generali, Hujusq. Parocliiae per XXVI. annos Pastori Vigili, Pietate, Zelo, Eloquio Eximio Moaum. hoc moerentes posuere Parochiani. Obiit in Dno. Kal. Aprilis, MDCCCXXIX, Annos sexaginta natus. Rec^uiescat in Pace. Bardwell

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni

    As the companion tells it

    Very Rev. Patrick Hogan is remembered in St. Michael's Church with a white marble monument in mediaeval style. He served as Vicar General of the Limerick diocese and pastor of his parish for 26 years. His parishioners erected the memorial, made by Bardwell. He died on the first of April at 60. The monument cost about £300. Hogan left £2,000 to Park College and commissioned a painting of the Crucifixion for the Virgin altar.

26. William declares intent at Belfast

    near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1690

    At Belfast, William stated he had come to Ireland not to let the grass grow under his feet, and immediately ordered the whole army to march into the field.

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    WiUiam's army now amounted to thirty thousand men ; and iu addition to these, early in March, 1690, four hundred Danes arrived at Belfast, anxious to take part in any warfare agamst those to "nhoui they had ever shown themselves rapacious enemies — the Irish. On the fourteenth of that month, five thousand French Infantry landed at Kinsale, with General Count Lauzun and the Marquis de Lery ; King James having sent back Major- General Macarthy and as many Irish. Indeed it was observed with pain that James was hastening his own ruin, and disgusting his Irish officers by an unjust preference of Frenchmen in the promotions he daily made. On the 4th of June a French Eegiment marched into Limerick to garrison it for King James, against the forces of "William, which at this juncture were hourly expecting the arrival from England of their darling, an event which took place at Carrickfergus on the 14th of the same mouth, when he came with an enormous force, in addition to that which had been previously at his service in Ireland. "William was congratulated by the Protestant clergy of the country, who were then in Ulster. At Belfast he stated that he had come to Ireland not to let the grass grow under his feet, and he made good his words, for the whole army got immediate orders to march into the field. He and Prince George, the Duke of Ormonde, and all the principal officers, went to the camp at Loughbrickland, and instead of allowing the soldiers to pass him in review, he at once went amongst them, examined each regiment critically, and gave such directions as he thought needful under the circumstances— he at once, by this means, won the confidence of the men.

    He carried with him for his own use and the use of Prince George, moving

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    Belfast, in 1690, was where William made plain what he had come to Ireland to do. His army already numbered thirty thousand men. Early that March, four hundred Danes arrived at Belfast, keen to fight the Irish, whom they had long shown themselves rapacious enemies of. On the 14th of March, five thousand French infantry landed at Kinsale with General Count Lauzun and the Marquis de Lery. King James had sent back Major-General Macarthy and as many Irish in exchange. It was observed with pain that James was hastening his own ruin, disgusting his Irish officers by an unjust preference of Frenchmen in the promotions he daily made. On the 4th of June, a French regiment marched into Limerick to garrison it for King James. William's forces were hourly expecting his arrival from England. That arrival came at Carrickfergus on the 14th of June, when he landed with an enormous force beyond what had already been at his service in Ireland. The Protestant clergy of the country, then in Ulster, congratulated him. At Belfast he stated that he had come to Ireland not to let the grass grow under his feet. He made good his words. The whole army got immediate orders to march into the field. He and Prince George, the Duke of Ormonde, and all the principal officers went to the camp at Loughbrickland. Instead of allowing the soldiers to pass him in review, he went amongst them at once, examined each regiment critically, and gave such directions as he thought needful. By this means he won the confidence of the men.

27. Williamite soldiers hanged Irish civilians near camp

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1691

    Before Ginkle's arrival at camp, soldiers had been occupied in hanging such poor Irish as came in their way. Storey records that on one occasion thirty-five were killed and six were hanged.

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    Towards the end of May, Major-General Talmash, who was sent over by William, arrived in Dubhn ; he was accompanied by Sir Martin Beckman, chief of the corps of Engineers. In a day or two they proceeded towards the camp, where the soldiers had been occupied in hanging such of the poor Irish as came in their way. Storey states that on one occasion thirty-five were killed, and six were "fairly '■* hanged.^ Orders were issued to aU sellers of ale and other liquors to dispose of none, but good brewed ale and genuine liquors to the soldiers in camp, in order to prevent diseases ; sellers were directed to procure licenses from Dublin. The latter portion of the order was withdrawn sometime after, not being found convenient to any of the parties interested. On the 30th of May, Ginkle, in chief command, travelled from Dublin, and slept that night at Tycroghan. Next day he reached the camp at Mullingar, where he found KirFs, Lord Meath's, Lord Lisburn's, Lord Cutts', Colonel Foulkes', Colonel Brewer^s, Lord George

    > White's MSS. » Storey's Continuation, &c.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Mullingar lies along this road. In 1691, a military camp stood near the town. Before the commander arrived, the soldiers in camp had been occupied in "hanging such of the poor Irish as came in their way." Storey states that on one occasion 35 were killed and 6 were hanged. Towards the end of May, Major-General Talmash, sent over by William, arrived in Dublin accompanied by Sir Martin Beckman, chief of the corps of Engineers. In a day or two they proceeded towards the camp. Orders were issued to all sellers of ale and other liquors to dispose of none but good brewed ale and genuine liquors to the soldiers, in order to prevent diseases. Sellers were directed to procure licenses from Dublin. That portion of the order was later withdrawn, not being found convenient to any of the parties interested. On the 30th of May, Ginkle, in chief command, travelled from Dublin and slept that night at Tycroghan. The next day he reached the camp at Mullingar.

28. Colonel Murtagh O'Brien forces entry into Limerick, seizes corn

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1646

    Dominick Fanning called Colonel Murtagh O'Brien and his regiment into Limerick despite the mayor's opposition at the gates. They forced their way in and seized corn laid up for the army's supply as well as corn belonging to Ormond.

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    According to appointment these aldermen met him at the mayor's stone — stating the city had accepted his proposals^ with the exception of the guards. He sent them back with assurances that the guards he meant to take with him, should consist of but 100 foot and 50 horse, all Eoman Catholics, such as had constantly been of the Confederacy, and ^yeve interested in all the benefits of the articles of the peace.' But when near the city gates, the same aldermen came to him, with an account that Father Wolfe, the Dominican Friar, who had distinguished himseK before, when peace was proclaimed, had raised a tumult in the city to oppose his entrance, and having forced or wheedled the keys from Eochfort, the sheriff, had seized the gates ; so that it was impossible for him to come until the tumult had ended. The same night, Dominick Panning called in Colonel Murtagh O'Brien, a man entirely devoted to the old Irish party, whose cause Fanning and Wolfe had so zealously espoused, with his regiment increased by 200 recruits ; but though the mayor opposed his entrance at the gates, they forced their way in, seized the corn laid up for the supply of the army, which Ormond thought would be at his disposal, and a quantity of corn which belonged to Ormond exclusively. Ormond forthwith retired to Shanbally, four miles from the city. The bishop followed liim with a proposal to forgive Colonel Murtagh O'Brien, to which he consented, if they submitted to his proposals, which not being done, the Commissioners of Trust and the Marquis of Clanrickard insisted that the bishop should excommmiicate Fanning and O'Brien, which he peremptorily refused. Soon after Ireton advanced with his troops towards the city, and threatened to besiege it. The magistrates asked Ormond that Hugh O'Neill might be made their governor ; he agreed, offering also to put hunself in the city and share the fate of the citizens, but they refused, insisting particularly on O'Brien's regiment, and troops of their oatu choosmg. Being near at hand in Clare, Ormond sent orders to the mayor and Hugh O'Neill to seize on Colonel O'Brien, and dehver him a prisoner to the guard appointed to receive him. The mayor who took a week to consider, answered that the government of the city was intrusted to Hugh O'Neill, who wrote in turn to say, that he was merely a cypher, not suffered to stir, except as the mayor and toAvn council thought fit. Ormond was ready to forgive O'Brien, though hejnsisted that he should not hold command; but the citizens would on no account admit Ormond inside the walls ; and under these circumstances it was impossible to keep the body of his army together, as to attempt it, except at the other side of the Shannon, and near Limerick, with the absolute command of the city to secure it, would have been utterly ruinous, and to have done it in the county of Clare or north side of the river was impossible, since the ground work of the army, must be raised and supported from thence; which, whilst forming, would have exhausted all the substance of Clare, and not have effected the work*'^ Galway also refused to receive him; he was thus shut out from every expected advantage. The dominant men in the city, and the clergy, knew him too well, to repose the slightest faith in any one of his principles. It was urged by him, that they had received proposals and listened to overtures from the Parhamentarians, without his consent, or so much as giving him notice. They denied sympathy with the Parliamentarians, but he came to the conclusion that his protracted stay in

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 94

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Limerick, the city holds a story from 1646. Colonel Murtagh O'Brien forced his way in and seized corn laid up for the army. Aldermen had met Ormond at the mayor's stone. They told him the city accepted his proposals, except for the guards. He sent them back with assurances that the guards he meant to bring would be only 100 foot and 50 horse, all Roman Catholics, men who had constantly been of the Confederacy and shared in the benefits of the articles of the peace. But when he neared the city gates, the same aldermen came to him with news. Father Wolfe, the Dominican friar, who had distinguished himself before when peace was proclaimed, had raised a tumult in the city to oppose his entrance. Having forced or wheedled the keys from Rochfort, the sheriff, he had seized the gates, so it was impossible for Ormond to come in until the tumult ended. That same night, Dominick Fanning called in Colonel Murtagh O'Brien, a man entirely devoted to the old Irish party, with his regiment increased by 200 recruits. The mayor opposed his entrance at the gates, but they forced their way in. They seized the corn laid up for the supply of the army, which Ormond thought would be at his disposal, and a quantity of corn belonging to Ormond exclusively. Ormond forthwith retired to Shanbally, four miles from the city. The bishop followed him with a proposal to forgive Colonel Murtagh O'Brien. Ormond consented, if they submitted to his proposals. They did not. The Commissioners of Trust and the Marquis of Clanrickard insisted the bishop should excommunicate Fanning and O'Brien, which he peremptorily refused.

29. Alderman Sheehy found burned to death in Clare country house

    near Clare · population centre · Clare · 1861

    On 22 October 1861 Alderman Sheehy was found burned to death in his country house in Clare. Whether the death was accidental or otherwise was not clearly proved, though public opinion appeared to incline to the latter view.

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    October 22. — Alderman Sheehy found burned to death in his country house in Clare, but whether accidentally or otherwise has not yet been clearly proved, though public opinion appears to incline to the latter view.

    December 17. — A Government investigation conducted in the Limerick Asylum into certain charges brought forward by one of the governors, David John Wilson, Esq., respecting the alleged tampering with a number of entries relating to the meat contracts of the institution. The decision was that the charges were not made out by evidence, yet that Mr. Wilson was justified in what he did.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 300

    As the companion tells it

    Clare is a place the road passes through or near. On the 22nd of October 1861, Alderman Sheehy was found burned to death in his country house here. Whether the fire was accidental or set on purpose was not clearly proved. Public opinion at the time appeared to incline to the latter view, but the record leaves it unresolved.

30. Ancient tablet recovered from citadel ruins

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1650

    An ancient tablet bearing the date 1st of May 1650 and the names of Sheriff John Creagh, David Rochfort, and James Bonfield, recording a civic gift of two hundred pounds for outworks, was recovered from ruins and placed on the hospital wall during enlargement.

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    On the wall of the hospital is an ancient tablet which was picked up from the ruins about, and which was placed in its present position b}-, I believe, W. J. Geary, Esq. M.D,, J.P. when the Fever Hospital was undergoing enlargement. The tablet contains the following legend : —

    JOHN CEEAGH ILvyob 1st of MAY 1650

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, on the wall of the fever hospital is an ancient tablet recovered from ruins, placed there by Doctor W. J. Geary during the hospital's enlargement. It bears the date 1st of May 1650, the names of Sheriff John Creagh, David Rochfort, and James Bonfield, recording a civic gift of 200 pounds for outworks.

31. Ancient university at Armagh with 7000 scholars

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 513

    Under St. Dubthach, Bishop, around the year 513, Armagh served as one of four principal universities in Ireland with 7000 scholars. It was a major center of learning in early Christian Ireland.

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    ' There were four principal Universities in Ireland, viz. Ardmagh, Cashel, Lismore, and Dunda-leathglass. In Armagh, under St. Dubthach, Bishop, anno 513, were 7000 scholars. In Cashel, under Cormac Mac Cullenan, King and Archbishop in the year 901, were 5000 students, and six hundred Conventual monks ; the like number were in Lismore and Dun-da-leathglass. Many were the other great schools dispersed throughout the kingdom ; whereas even after the coming of the English at Cluanraid near Ennis, there were 600 Scholars, and 350 Monks, supported by O'Brien, King of Limerick. The Irish in these days made a beginning of the Universitj' of Oxford in England, founded the University of Paris and that of Pavia. Fifty-two Catholic kings reigned in Ireland until the coming of the English, consequently, 197 kings in all reigned in Ireland until that event. Whoever reads the antiquities must be con\'inced that it abounded in gold and silver, as every person of distinction wore a golden ring and a golden chain ; in the reign of Candaridtheach, their helmets were made of silver, all their chalices and Church utensils were made of gold and silver ; and the ounce of gold paid to the Danes yearly, as a tribute for every nose in the kingdom, is a proof of their riches. — Hugh M^Curtin.

    HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 3^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 25

    As the companion tells it

    Armagh was once one of the great centres of learning in Ireland. The old records name four principal universities in the country: Armagh, Cashel, Lismore, and Dun-da-leathglass. Under St. Dubthach, Bishop, in the year 513, Armagh held 7000 scholars. That number stood beside Cashel's 5000 students and 600 conventual monks in the year 901, under Cormac Mac Cullenan, King and Archbishop. Lismore and Dun-da-leathglass held the like number. Many other great schools were dispersed throughout the kingdom. Even after the coming of the English, at Cluanraid near Ennis, 600 scholars and 350 monks were supported by O'Brien, King of Limerick. The Irish in those days made a beginning of the University of Oxford in England, and founded the University of Paris and that of Pavia. Fifty-two Catholic kings reigned in Ireland until the coming of the English, 197 kings in all. As Hugh McCurtin wrote, whoever reads the antiquities must be convinced that Ireland abounded in gold and silver. Every person of distinction wore a golden ring and a golden chain. In the reign of Candaridtheach their helmets were made of silver, and all chalices and church utensils were made of gold and silver. The ounce of gold paid yearly to the Danes, as tribute for every nose in the kingdom, is a proof of their riches.

32. Aralt, lord of Danes of Limerick, killed in Connaught

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 939

    Aralt, or Harold, grandson of Imhar and lord of the Danes of Limerick, was killed in Connaught by the Caenraigi of Aidhne in 939.

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    islands ;' we should remark, that when Connac quelled the Danes in Munster, Edward, King of England, conquered them in that country. But in Ireland, their power was growing stronger every year, until the coming of other events which we are quickly approaching, and in wliich another King of Cashv^l arose to bring them to subjection. Not content with ravaging the districts bordering on the Shannon, they in 928 encamped in Maiagh Roigne, a celebrated plain of Ossory ; but those who remained on Loch Orisben felt the vengeance of the Connaught men, who, in 930, committed a great slaughter on the Danes. ^ We find, however, that the latter retaUated sorely. In the fifteenth year of Donmachadhi, the Danes of Limerick plundered Connaught in 932, as far as the plains of Boyle, in the County of Eoscommon ; in a few years afterwards, Aralt, or Harold, grandson of Imhar, i.e. son of Sitric, lord of the Danes of Limerick, was killed in Connaught by the Caenraigi of Aidhne in 939.^

    From the time of their invasion of Ireland in the year 807, to the years we have reached, the Danes always ravaged the country with fire and sword. They bore a mortal hatred to Christianity and its professors, and their chief glory was in the massacre of the Saints who occupied the monasteries and cells of the country.^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this is a city whose name was carried by the Danes who ruled here in the tenth century. From the time of their invasion of Ireland in 807, the Danes ravaged the country with fire and sword, bearing a mortal hatred to Christianity and its professors. Their chief glory was in the massacre of the saints who occupied the monasteries and cells of the country. The Danes of Limerick were not content with ravaging the districts bordering on the Shannon. In 928 they encamped in Magh Roigne, a celebrated plain of Ossory. But those who remained on Loch Orisben felt the vengeance of the Connaught men, who in 930 committed a great slaughter on the Danes. The Danes retaliated sorely. In the fifteenth year of Donnachadh, the Danes of Limerick plundered Connaught in 932, as far as the plains of Boyle in County Roscommon. A few years afterwards, Aralt, or Harold, grandson of Imhar, son of Sitric, lord of the Danes of Limerick, was killed in Connaught by the Caenraigi of Aidhne in 939.

33. Augustinian Abbey restored as Protestant church at Adare

    Adare · townland · Limerick · 1811

    The Augustinian Abbey at Adare, an early English building, was carefully and elaborately restored and converted into the Protestant parish church. It contains fine stained glass and cloisters where servants of the Dunraven family are buried, along with a family mausoleum.

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    The Augustinian Abbey is now repaired, and used as the parish Protestant church. It is an early English building, and has been carefully, beautifully, and elaborately restored. In the interior there is some fine stained glass The schools are in keeping with the rest of the church. It contains on the north side, besides the nave, choir, and tower, the cloisters, in which are buried some of the servants of tlie Dunraven family, whilst the family mausoleum is an object of much interest.

    The Abbey of the Holy Trinity, the remains of which consist of the tower, nave, and part of the choir, is used for a Catholic church. The Franciscan Abbey, within the demesne, is a very fine ruin; the choir is lar£re, and fitted with stalls and niches, and has a beautiful four-light window; the steeple is supported on an arch; there is an aisle on the south side of the nave, which contains three crooked niches, and a threelight window. The cloisters are nearly entire, and have Gothic windows, on most of which were escutcheons, with the English and Saltire crosses, generally ranged alternately. The remains, including refectory and offices, are roofless, but in good preservation.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 417

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Adare, an Augustinian Abbey has been repaired and is now used as the Protestant parish church. It is an early English building, and it has been carefully, beautifully, and elaborately restored. Inside, there is some fine stained glass, and the schools are in keeping with the rest of the church. The building contains, on the north side, besides the nave, choir, and tower, the cloisters, in which are buried some of the servants of the Dunraven family, whilst the family mausoleum is an object of much interest. Adare holds other monastic remains as well. The Abbey of the Holy Trinity survives in its tower, nave, and part of the choir, and is used as a Catholic church. The Franciscan Abbey, within the demesne, is a very fine ruin. Its choir is large, fitted with stalls and niches, and has a beautiful four-light window. The steeple is supported on an arch. There is an aisle on the south side of the nave with three crooked niches and a three-light window. The cloisters are nearly entire, with Gothic windows carrying escutcheons showing the English and Saltire crosses, generally ranged alternately. The refectory and offices are roofless, but in good preservation.

34. Ballingarry and Bruree burned by besieging forces

    Ballingarry · town · Limerick · 1691

    During the siege of Limerick, Williamite parties were sent out to harass the surrounding country. Ballingarry and Bruree were burned by the besiegers.

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    iStill fears filled the minds of the besiegers^ and parties were constantly sent out to harass the country. Ballingarry and Bruree were burned, and Captain John O'Dell^ was posted at Athlacca with mUitia and dragoons. It was quite well known in WiUiam's camp that unless this stratagetic movement was successfully effected, it would be impossible to make a decisive attack upon the city, though shot and shell were vehemently and constantly poured into it from the guns and mortars of the besiegers. So hard pushed had been the besiegers, that it was disputed in WiUiam's camp whether the siege should be raised and a blockade instituted. For a time it was carried m favor of raising the siege, and of abandoning the strong and obstinate old city ; but as an engineer was proceeding to Kilmallock, for the purpose of fortifying it as a place of retreat or for winter quarters, in the event of the abandonment of Limerick, he was countermanded; and on the 18th of September, orders were sent to the men of war and other English vessels in the river, to set some men on shore in the county of Clare, to destroy all the forage, as it was harvest time. Giakle's war materials was literally enormous.^

    A second great passage of the river by Ginkle himself, the Duke of Wurtemburg, Scravemore, " with aU our horse and dragoons, commanded by Major-General Euvigny, (except Colonel Coy^s horse, and fifty out of each regiment of dragoons), with ten regiments of foot and fourteen guns, viz., ten three-pounders and four twelve-pounders, taking also seven days^ provision along, was made over our bridge of boats into the county of Clare, leaving Major-General Mackay and Major-General Talmash to command on this side.'"' Great difficulty was experienced in this movement ; the forts and batteries played upon the movuig colunms with tremendous precision. At twelve o'clock, however, on the 23nd of September, they all passed the river,^ and they must have been compelled to retreat, had it not been that they were so weU sustained. Some small firings continued about four o'clock,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 143

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Ballingarry was burned in 1691, during the siege of Limerick. Fears filled the minds of the besiegers, and parties were constantly sent out to harass the country. Ballingarry and Bruree were burned by these parties. Captain John O'Dell was posted at Athlacca with militia and dragoons. It was well known in William's camp that unless a strategic movement was successfully effected, it would be impossible to make a decisive attack upon the city, though shot and shell were vehemently and constantly poured into Limerick from the guns and mortars of the besiegers. The besiegers had been so hard pushed that it was disputed in William's camp whether the siege should be raised and a blockade instituted. For a time the argument was carried in favor of raising the siege and abandoning the strong and obstinate old city. But as an engineer was proceeding to Kilmallock, for the purpose of fortifying it as a place of retreat or for winter quarters in the event of the abandonment of Limerick, he was countermanded. On the 18th of September, orders were sent to the men of war and other English vessels in the river to set some men on shore in the county of Clare, to destroy all the forage, as it was harvest time. Ginkle's war materials were enormous.

35. Banquet for Viceroy Earl of Carlisle at the theatre

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1856

    On the same night as the Sailor's Home foundation stone ceremony, the Mayor presided at a grand banquet given to the Viceroy, the Earl of Carlisle, in the theatre in Limerick.

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    The day was brought to a close by an entertainment wliicli was given by the Rev. William Bourke to the Bishop, Mayor, Corporation, etc. The collection for this church began in 1840, when Mr. S. Hastings was secretary. The Mayor, in July, laid the foundation stone of a building intended for a Sailor's Home, in Frederick Street, but never used for that purpose; and presided at a grand banquet which was given to the Viceroy, the Earl of Carlisle, in the theatre, on the same night.

    For the year after (1857) Dr. Thomas Kane was elected, a second time, to the Mayoralty; and on this occasion a proceeding was taken by the Corporation, which deserves notice, from the fact that it was found inoperative almost immediately after its adoption. To insure the return of Dr. Kane, a majority of the Corporation, consisting of twenty -seven members, carried a resolution by which what is termed " the rotatory system" was adopted. By this resolution it was decided that a Catholic and Protestant should fill the office of Mayor each alternate year; a stretch of liberality on the part of the Catholic majority of the Council which has been rarely paralleled in other places, and of which there is no record, or anything approaching to it, where the Protestant party are numerically the stronger. But though the resolution was rescinded the following year, on the ground that it produced anything but harmony in the council, it was not until the year 1864 that it was practically abolished.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 296

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick in 1856 saw a day of ceremony. The Mayor, in July, laid the foundation stone of a building meant for a Sailor's Home in Frederick Street, though it was never used for that purpose. That same night, the Mayor presided at a grand banquet given to the Viceroy, the Earl of Carlisle, in the theatre. The day had also been brought to a close by an entertainment given by the Reverend William Bourke to the Bishop, the Mayor, the Corporation, and others. The year before, a collection for a church had begun in 1840, when a Mr. S. Hastings served as secretary. The following year, 1857, brought its own drama to the Corporation. Dr. Thomas Kane was elected to the Mayoralty for a second time. To insure his return, a majority of the Corporation, twenty-seven members, carried a resolution adopting what was called the rotatory system. Under it, a Catholic and a Protestant would fill the office of Mayor each alternate year. The material calls this a stretch of liberality on the part of the Catholic majority, rarely paralleled elsewhere, with no record of anything approaching it where the Protestant party are numerically stronger. The resolution was rescinded the following year, on the ground that it produced, in the words of the source, anything but harmony in the council. It was not until 1864 that it was practically abolished.

36. Bernard Adams' monument in St. Mary's Cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1604–1625

    Bernard Adams, Protestant bishop of Limerick appointed by King James, expended large sums repairing the cathedral and furnished it with an organ. His mural monument, erected over the tomb of Cornelius O'Dea, bears Latin and English inscriptions and once had emblems of the Passion which were later defaced.

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    Bernard Adams succeeded John Thornborough as Protestant bishop, A.D. 1(304. He was an A.M. of Trinity College, Oxford, and was appointed by King James. He expended large sums in repairing the cathedral, and furnished it with an organ. He died on the 22nd of March, 1625; was buried near the celebrated Cornelius O'Dea ; and on his monument, which is a mural one, over the tomb of O'Dea, the following inscription was cut : — Bernardus jacet hie en Adamus, episcopus olim. Omnia non vidit Solomonis, at omnia vana.

    ' O'Donog More must have been Lord of Glanflesk, not Lacy.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 336

    As the companion tells it

    In Limerick, Bernard Adams succeeded John Thornborough as Protestant bishop in 1604. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford, appointed by King James. He spent large sums repairing St. Mary's Cathedral and gave it an organ. He died on the 22nd of March, 1625, and was buried near the celebrated Cornelius O'Dea. His mural monument stands over O'Dea's tomb. The Latin inscription reads: Bernardus jacet hie en Adamus, episcopus olim. Omnia non vidit Solomonis, at omnia vana.

37. Bishop Hubert de Burgo buried in Dominican Friary, Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1250

    Hubert de Burgo, Bishop of Limerick, died on 15 September 1250 and was buried in the Dominican monastery church. His ancestor was called 'pugnator' for subjecting Connaught after arriving with Henry II.

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    It was he who also built the noble Cistertian Monastery of Holy Cross in the County of Tipperary. Ware states that he was interred in Killaloe ; but it is positively asserted by O'Heyne and others that he was buried in the Dominican Convent which he founded in Limerick. In the church of the same monastery was buried Hubert de Burgo, Bishop of Limerick, who died on the 15th of September, 1250. Hubert's ancestor was called pugnator, the " expugnator", because after his arrival in Ireland with Henry II., he subjected Connaught to the power of its new masters. He married, in the first instance, a daughter of the King of England, and afterwards a daughter of the great Donald O'Brien, who was the last king of Cashel.^ There were, besides, three bishops of Killaloe buried in this monastery, namely, Donald O'Kennedy, in the year 1252, Mathew O'Hoghain in the month of August, 1281, and Mathew MacCrath on the 1st of September, 1391. There were also interred in the same monastery the following bishops of Kilfenora: Christianus, in the year 1254, Simon O'Curriu in the year 1303, and Maurice O'Brien, in the year 1321. The fact of Hubert's burial in the Dominican Friary is stated in the ancient calendar of the order, and in the Black Book, v/hilst in confirmation of the fact as to the interment of the six bishops, we have it on the authority of an ancient sepulchral inscription which existed formerly in the archives of the monastery, and which was preserved in Latin, and which is in the Book of the Friars Preachers above quoted, the translation of which is thus given in Ware's Bishops :

    Six prelates here do lie, and in their favour

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 372

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Limerick, this city holds the remains of Hubert de Burgo, Bishop of Limerick, who died on the 15th of September, 1250. He was buried in the church of the Dominican monastery in the city. Ware states that he was interred in Killaloe, but O'Heyne and others assert positively that he was buried in the Dominican convent which the monastery's founder built in Limerick. Hubert's ancestor was called pugnator, the expugnator, because after his arrival in Ireland with Henry II, he subjected Connaught to the power of its new masters. This ancestor married first a daughter of the King of England, and afterwards a daughter of the great Donald O'Brien, who was the last king of Cashel. The same monastery held the remains of three bishops of Killaloe: Donald O'Kennedy, in 1252; Mathew O'Hoghain, in August 1281; and Mathew MacCrath, on the 1st of September, 1391. Also interred there were bishops of Kilfenora: Christianus, in 1254, Simon O'Curriu, in 1303, and Maurice O'Brien, in 1321. The fact of Hubert's burial is stated in the ancient calendar of the order and in the Black Book. The interment of the six bishops is confirmed by an ancient sepulchral inscription that existed formerly in the archives of the monastery, preserved in Latin in the Book of the Friars Preachers, the translation given in Ware's Bishops reading: "Six prelates here do lie, and in their favour."

38. Bishop Martin's will with bequests to Limerick churches

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1400

    Bishop Martin's will, confirmed before his resignation in 1400, includes bequests to numerous Limerick churches including St. Mary's Cathedral, the Preaching Friars, the Franciscans, and churches of St. Munchin, St. Peter, St. Michael, St. Nicholas, and others, revealing the ecclesiastical landscape and domestic customs of the time.

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    " In the name of God, Amen, I, the aforesaid Martin, bequeath my soul to God, the Blessed Virgin, and all the saints ; my body to be buried in the church of the Preaching Friars in Limerick. I also bequeath to the Cathedral of St. Mary's, Limerick, for forgotten tithes ... (marks) 20 0 Also to the Preaching Friars ... .., 1 8 Also for a friar's habit, to be put on him, half a mark Also to the Friars Minor (Franciscans) ... Item to the Vicars of the Church of St. Mary Item to the Church of the Holy Cross Item to the Vicar of St. Nicholas Item to repair of the Church of St. Munchin's Item to the Church of St. Peter Item Church of St. Michael Item Church of John Baptist Item Church of St. Lawrence Item Church of St. Patrick Item to Sarah Wingaine Item to Mr. John Lawless Item Mr. John White, Chaplain Item to Mariota Mylys Item to John Sole, Monk Item to Friar Maurice O'Cormacaine Item to Friar Simon Modin Item to Preaching Friars, to pray for his soul Item to ISlurse Johanna

    This bishop resigned his see a.d. 1400, and died about the end of October, 1407. Before his death, but after his resignation, viz., in 1401, John Budstone, a wealthy citizen of Limerick, bestowed four great bells on the cathedral of St. Mary's, to which we shall have to refer in the next chapter. Up to this period, from the foundation of the chapter by Bishop Donat O'Brien, there had been nine' Deans.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 327

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are moving through a city whose churches once filled the will of a bishop named Martin. In the year 1400, before he resigned his see, he set down his wishes. He opened with the words, "In the name of God, Amen, I, the aforesaid Martin, bequeath my soul to God, the Blessed Virgin, and all the saints." He asked to be buried in the church of the Preaching Friars in Limerick. He left 20 marks to St. Mary's Cathedral for forgotten tithes, and smaller sums to the Preaching Friars and for a friar's habit to be put on him. He remembered the Franciscans, the vicars of St. Mary, the Church of the Holy Cross, and the vicar of St. Nicholas. He gave for the repair of St. Munchin's church, and named the churches of St. Peter, St. Michael, John Baptist, St. Lawrence, and St. Patrick. He also remembered people. Sarah Wingaine, Mr. John Lawless, Mr. John White the chaplain, Mariota Mylis, John Sole a monk, Friar Maurice O'Cormacaine, Friar Simon Modin, and Nurse Johanna. He gave to the Preaching Friars to pray for his soul. Bishop Martin resigned in 1400 and died around the end of October 1407. In 1401, a wealthy citizen named John Budstone gave four great bells to St. Mary's Cathedral. By this time, from the founding of the chapter by Bishop Donat O'Brien, there had been nine Deans.

39. Bishop Smyth accused and cleared by Limerick Corporation

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1715

    In 1715, Bishop Dr. Smyth was accused by enemies of 'disturbing the government' and being present when £150 was improperly voted to the Mayor. On 11 October, the Corporation resolved that it did not appear the Bishop had busied himself in corporate affairs to obstruct government service.

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    The year 1715, was rendered famous in Limerick by violent disputes between the Whig and Tory — ratber between tbe Orange and the old Loyalists parties, into wbicb tbe Corporation was already split. As yet, tbe notion of tbe success of tbe Prince of Wales, King James's son, bad not ceased to be entertained by a considerable number, even of Protestants in Ireland; and wlulst tbeir " bonours''' were dividing tbe loaves and fisbes among themselves, and leaving a legacy of debt and poverty to their successors to the seventh generation, jealousies arose among them, which developed tbeir ugly features in the shape of mutual recriminations on many occasions. Though they joined ui hate against their CathoHc fellow citizens — if indeed CathoHcs could now be designated by tbe name of citizens at aU, they did not join m love among themselves. This state of things was exemplified in a remarkable manner early in this year, when " underhand'-' representations were made to the government, reflecting on the loyalty to tbe Hanoverian rule, which bad just commenced on tbe death of Queen Anne, of certain corporators, mcluding Mr. WiUiam Pranklin, the Mayor, and involving in the charge, tbe Protestant Bishop, Dr. Smyth, who, it was alleged by bis enemies " disturbed the government," and " was present at a meetmg of the Corporate Body, when a sum of £150 was improperly voted to His Worship the Mayor.-" So gross and injurious a charge was promptly met and refuted, for on the lltb of October, a meeting of the Corporation was held, at which it was resolved, " that it does not appear to us, that the Eight Eev. Pather in God, Thomas Lord Bishop of Limerick, has busied himself in our corporate affairs, and to obstruct the service of the government. In testimony whereof, we have put our bands, this lltb of October, 1715."

    This document, or resolution, wbicb is rather obscure in its phraseology, bears tbe subjoined signatures : —

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 177

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick, in 1715, was a city riven by faction. The Whigs and the Tories, or rather the Orange party and the old Loyalists, had split the Corporation between them. A considerable number, even among Protestants in Ireland, had not yet given up the hope that the Prince of Wales, King James's son, might succeed. While the corporators divided the loaves and fishes among themselves and left a legacy of debt and poverty to their successors, jealousies grew among them and showed themselves in mutual recriminations. They joined in hate against their Catholic fellow citizens, if Catholics could now be called citizens at all, but they did not join in love among themselves. Early that year, underhand representations were made to the government, reflecting on the loyalty of certain corporators to the Hanoverian rule, which had just commenced on the death of Queen Anne. The charge involved Mr. William Pranklin, the Mayor, and the Protestant Bishop, Dr. Smyth. His enemies alleged that he, in their words, "disturbed the government," and "was present at a meeting of the Corporate Body, when a sum of £150 was improperly voted to His Worship the Mayor." The charge was promptly met and refuted. On the 11th of October, a meeting of the Corporation was held, and it was resolved, in their words, "that it does not appear to us, that the Right Rev. Father in God, Thomas Lord Bishop of Limerick, has busied himself in our corporate affairs, and to obstruct the service of the government."

40. Bruff castles built by the De Lacys

    Bruff · town · Limerick · 1216–1272

    In the reign of Henry III a castle was built in the town of Bruff and another near it by the De Lacys, who subsequently held under the princes of Desmond. A few fragments of the ancient castle remain, along with the foundation of an ancient friary nearby.

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    Bruff, a post and market town, situated on the Morning Star or Dawn River, 12 miles s. s. b. of Limerick, was another of the principal towns of the Geraldines. In the reign of Henry III. a castle built in the town, and another near it by the De Lacys, who subsequently held under the princes of Desmond, in whose fortunes they shared. A few fragments of the ancient castle remain, and not far distant, the foundation of an ancient friary. North-east of the town are some traces of Templeen or Templebodeen, said to have been built by the Templars in 1285.

    1600. Pierce De Lacy, the governor, defeated by Captain Slingsby, from Kilmallock, with the loss of 300 men. The castle was garrisoned by the Lord President.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 424

    As the companion tells it

    Bruff was a post and market town on the Morning Star River, and one of the principal towns of the Geraldines. In the reign of Henry the Third, the De Lacys built a castle in the town and another near it. They held under the princes of Desmond after that, and shared in their fortunes. A few fragments of the ancient castle remain today, and not far off, the foundation of an ancient friary. North-east of the town are traces of Templeen, or Templebodeen, said to have been built by the Templars in 1285. In 1600, Pierce De Lacy, the governor, was defeated by Captain Slingsby from Kilmallock, with the loss of 300 men. The castle was garrisoned by the Lord President.

41. Carew reconnoitres Lough Gur, held for Desmond

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick · 1600

    In 1600 Sir George Carew, President of Munster, reconnoitred Lough Gur, then held by 200 men for the Earl of Desmond. The Black Castle and Killalough castle guarded the isthmus of Knockadoon.

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    The lake, or Lough Gur, lies embedded between high green hills, rendered in several places precipitous by gray limestone rocks, which stand thick and frequent upon their surface. It is almost of a circular, perhaps, more properly, an oval form, being from west to east. In the centre stands a steep hill, called Knockadoon — the hill of the castles or fortresses ; it being defended at the east and south by two (of which hereafter), around whose base the waters spread like a river, varying throughout but little in their breadth. The whole extent seems to have been about two English miles.^ The view of Garrode's Island from Knockadoon is beautiful. At the north side stands the hill of Knocknasilla. The house of a Mr. Harte, sub-agent of Count de Salis, owner of the property, is passed at the west side, and farther on is a fort or lioss, standing above the water's edge on the hill slope, of about seventy-five feet in diameter, and ten feet above the surrounding level. Ascending this hill still higher, are two natural caves in the rock, about which there are some notices of no interest; thence there is a view of the Black Castle at the opposite side, standing at the northeast base of Knockadoon. A quick descent down the hill, and a walk of about a quarter of a mile, brought me sufficiently near it. It is a square, thick tower, evidently built about the period of the Roses ; its upper story, the bower, as well as the roof and parapets, are gone, so also are the outworks, whose site is occupied by a farmhouse and offices, and near it the handsome residence of Mrs. Cleary, sister of E. J. Synan^ Esq., M.P. Crofton Croker was much mistaken in saying that it stood on an island out of the reach of musketry. It stands on the isthmus which connects Knockadoon with the surrounding country, and was placed there, as well as the castle of Killalough — a little further on — for the defence of that almost isolated spot ; but neither castle could be deemed out of the reach of musketry; neither at the Brufi' side is the country in the least rugged, so as to render the approach of cannon a matter of difficulty. In 1600, Sir George Carew, President of Munster to Queen Elizabeth, reconnoitred the place, then held by 200 men for the Earl of Desmond. He found it

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 425

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Gur is a lake set among high green hills in Limerick, grey limestone standing thick on the slopes. It runs west to east, oval in shape, close on two English miles across. In the centre rises Knockadoon, the hill of the castles, and the water spreads around its base like a river. In 1600, Sir George Carew, President of Munster to Queen Elizabeth, reconnoitred this place. It was held by 200 men for the Earl of Desmond. Two castles guarded the isthmus that connects Knockadoon to the surrounding land: the Black Castle at the northeast base of the hill, and Killalough castle a little further on. Both were placed there to defend that almost isolated spot. The Black Castle is a square, thick tower, built about the period of the Roses. Its upper story, the bower, its roof and parapets are all gone. The outworks are gone too, their site taken by a farmhouse and offices. Crofton Croker was much mistaken when he wrote that it stood on an island, out of the reach of musketry. It stands on the isthmus, on solid ground, and neither castle could be called out of musket range. The country at the approach is not rugged, so bringing cannon to the place would be no great difficulty. The material ends at that point, with Carew's findings left unstated.

42. Citizens arrested and tried by Court Martial in Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1798

    Peter O'Keeffe and several other citizens were arrested on charges related to the United Irishmen. O'Keeffe, charged with administering the United Irishmen's oath, was subsequently tried by Court Martial and acquitted.

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    Mr. Peter O'Eeeffe, George Murphy, John Quin, William Crowe, Anthony Hogan, John O'Hogane, William Hanabury, B. Connors, and P. Clancie, all citizens, were arrested. The first named, Mr. Peter O'Keeffe, charged with administering the United Irishmen's oath, was subsequently tried by Court Martial, and acquitted.

    Messrs. Joseph O'Loughlin and John Fitzgerald were brought in from Eathkeale, escorted by George Leake, Esq., and a party of the Lower Connelloe cavalry, charged with using traitorous language, and being sworn United Irishmen.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 235

    As the companion tells it

    In 1798, Limerick saw a wave of arrests. Peter O'Keeffe, George Murphy, John Quin, William Crowe, Anthony Hogan, John O'Hogane, William Hanabury, B. Connors, and P. Clancie, all citizens, were arrested. O'Keeffe was charged with administering the United Irishmen's oath. He was tried by Court Martial and acquitted. Joseph O'Loughlin and John Fitzgerald were brought in from Rathkeale, escorted by George Leake and a party of the Lower Connelloe cavalry, charged with using traitorous language and being sworn United Irishmen.

43. City jail built in Mary Street, Limerick, 1750

    Mary Street · street · Limerick · 1750

    In 1750 the city jail was built in Mary Street, Limerick, replacing the main guard that had occupied the old shambles near Baal's Bridge since 1678.

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    ^"'leir'Thfdd shambles near Baal's Bridge, were this year converted into % ?".=^>:f ^^j^f « ^"J the army ; it continued to be a main guard until the year 1750, when the city jail was built

    in Mary Street. , , ri ^•

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 409

    As the companion tells it

    Built in 1750, the city jail in Mary Street replaced the main guard that had occupied the old shambles near Baal's Bridge since 1678. Those shambles had been converted for the army and continued as a main guard until the year the jail was built.

44. Clonmel Corporation fortifies town against Jacobite alarm

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1745

    On 1 January 1745, the Corporation of Clonmel resolved to inspect all walls, castles, gates, and fortifications of the town in consequence of the rebellion of the Popish Pretender, and to fortify and repair them at the Corporation's expense.

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    5 At a meeting of the Corporation of Clonmel, held on the 1st of January, 1745, it was resolved, " in consequence of the rebellion of the Popish Pretender, that there be immediately an inspection made into all the walla, castles, gates, and fortifications of this town, in order immediately to fortify and repair the same, and put the same in a position of defence, at the expense of tlie Corporation, and that thej' do forthwith report the same to this Council, that the Corporation may immediately lay in a sufficient fund for carrj'ing on the said work with all speed, and that the Mayor, as soon as such estimate be given in, do immediately call a council for this purpose." — Minutes of Clonmel Corporation Boole,

    340

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 191

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Clonmel, the town in Tipperary. In January 1745, the Corporation here held a meeting. They resolved, in consequence of the rebellion of the Popish Pretender, that there be immediately an inspection made into all the walls, castles, gates, and fortifications of this town, in order to fortify and repair the same, and put the same in a position of defence, at the expense of the Corporation. They ordered that the inspectors forthwith report to the Council, so the Corporation could lay in a sufficient fund for carrying on the work with all speed. The Mayor, as soon as any estimate came in, was to immediately call a council for the purpose.

45. Convent of Faithful Companions of Jesus at Bruff

    Bruff · town · Limerick

    A convent of the Faithful Companions of Jesus at Bruff, a branch of the Laurel Hill establishment, was founded through the zeal of Dean Cussen. It served as a first-class educational establishment with about ninety boarders and numerous extern scholars.

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    The beautiful convent of the Faithful Companions of Jesus, a branch of the establishment at Laurel Hill, owes its existence to the great zeal and ability of the late Very Rev. Dean Cussen. It is a first-class educational establishment, with about ninety boarders, and a great number of extern scholars. There is also an admirable school of the Christian Brothers at Bruff, which owes its existence also to the indefatigable zeal and assiduity of the learned and pious Dean, whose remains are interred in the Catholic church, and to commemorate whose estimable services by a pubhc monument, the parishioners have raised a large sum of money.

    Seats. — Rockbarton (Lord Guillamore), Miltown (G. Gubbins, Esq), Camas (F. Bevan, Esq.), Baggotstown House (J. Bouchier, Esq.), Kilballyowen, (The O'Grady), etc.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 425

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Bruff had a convent of the Faithful Companions of Jesus, a branch of the establishment at Laurel Hill. It owed its existence to the zeal and ability of the late Very Rev. Dean Cussen. It was a first-class educational establishment, with about 90 boarders and a great number of extern scholars. There was also a school of the Christian Brothers at Bruff, which likewise owed its existence to the indefatigable zeal and assiduity of the learned and pious Dean. His remains are interred in the Catholic church, and to commemorate his estimable services by a public monument, the parishioners raised a large sum of money.

46. Coote takes Athlone and marches on Galway

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1651

    Sir Charles Coote, directed to advance towards Sligo, suddenly crossed the Curlew Mountains and invested Athlone. Clanricarde was unable to resist; Coote took Athlone and then marched against Galway.

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    Ireton, having now made all provisions for an early campaign^ and received some reinforcements from England^ resolved to begin by besieging Limerick. Sir Cbarles Coote was directed to advance towards Sligo^ in order to pierce into Connanght, that Limerick migbt be invested on all sides. ^ The Irish were preparing to relieve the city, when Coote_, drawing off his men, passed suddenly over the Curlew mountains, and invested Athlone. Clanrikarde was unable to make head against Coote, who took Athlone, and marched against Galway. The Earl of Castlehaven was called to the assistance of Galway, and he had marched but a few miles, at the head of four thousand men, when a party he had left to defend the pass over the Shannon, suffered themselves to be overpowered by the enemy, and fled precipitately — but we anticipate events.

    O^Neil was now appointed Governor of Limerick, and he did his duty with a courage and true nobility of soul which brooked no compromise. Sh Geofirey Galway, the son of him who had been persecuted in the days of Queen Ehzabeth ; Geoffry Barron, whom French calls an ornament to his country ; Alderman Domhiick Panning, Alderman Thomas Stritch, Dr. Higg-ins, and many others of the citizens, held counsel within, and would listen to no overture that came from Ireton or his partizans. There was no one more prominent than Terence Albert O'Brien, Bishop of Emly, in preparing the citizens and soldiers for the storm, and in urging them to leave nothing undone to conquer Ireton and his merciless mjTmidons. They were nobly seconded by the indomitable Dominick Fanning, the zealous Father Wolfe, who had prevented the city accepting Ormondes peace, by General Purcell, and others.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming through Athlone now, the town that changed hands in 1651. Ireton had resolved to besiege Limerick and brought reinforcements from England to do it. Sir Charles Coote was directed to advance towards Sligo, to pierce into Connaught, so that Limerick might be invested on all sides. The Irish were preparing to relieve the city. But Coote drew off his men and passed suddenly over the Curlew Mountains, and invested Athlone. Clanricarde was unable to make head against Coote, who took Athlone and then marched against Galway. The Earl of Castlehaven was called to the assistance of Galway. He had marched but a few miles at the head of 4000 men when a party he had left to defend the pass over the Shannon suffered themselves to be overpowered by the enemy and fled precipitately. After Athlone fell, O'Neill was appointed Governor of Limerick and did his duty with a courage that brooked no compromise. Sir Geoffrey Galway, Geoffry Barron, Alderman Dominick Fanning, Alderman Thomas Stritch, Dr. Higgins and many citizens held counsel within and would listen to no overture from Ireton. Bishop Terence Albert O'Brien of Emly was prominent in preparing citizens and soldiers for the storm. They were seconded by Dominick Fanning, Father Wolfe, General Purcell and others.

47. Corporation expenditure debate on old town improvements

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1847

    In 1847, controversy arose over the Corporation spending £11,937 2s. 4d. on improvements in the old town beyond ordinary statutory obligations. Dr. Griffin proposed a resolution calling for equal and impartial distribution of revenues across the entire city.

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    The following year, 1847, was remarkable for events of the most thrilling importance, including the ever-to-be-lamented death of the Liberator at Genoa, on his way to Rome, on the 15th of May; a general election, and the continuance of the decimating famine. On the 1st of January, Thomas Wallnutt, Esq., was sworn into the office of Mayor. A strong feeling prevailed at this time in reference to the expenditure of the Corporation on improvements in the old town, over and above the ordinary sums applied under the Act of Parliament, to discharge the interest of the debt due by that body, the salaries to officers, etc. It was complained that a sum of £11,937 2s. 4d. had been expended in this way since the New Corporation had been formed, in addition to a sum of from £1,000 to £1,500 a year in paving, watching, and cleansing for the six years previously. The St. Michael's Commissioners continued to discharge their duties with benefit to the interests over which they presided in the capacity of a taxing and watching, lighting and cleansing body ; and it now became a serious matter of debate whether the revenues of the Corporation and the loans should go to the requirements of the old town, rather than to an equal and impartial distribution of them over the city at large. The matter was brought before the Corporation by Dr. Griffin, a member of that body, and a resolution which was proposed by him, embodying his views, was carried. The Commissioners and the Corporation had serious discussions on the subject, which had its result in a few years subsequently in the introduction of the Limerick Corporate Reform Act, which gave the control of the entire city to the Corporation, and which annihilated the Commissioners. The Corporation during these proceedings adopted a petition to Parliament against Ministers' money. The subject of a Repeal of the Union was again mooted, and a petition to the legislature in its favour was carried by an overwhelming majority of the council. The Corporation also expressed its sympathy and concurrence with an ineffectual movement begun in the House of Commons by Lord George Bentinck, M.P., for the advancement of a loan from the Imperial Treasury of £20,000,000 to Ireland for public works, in order to meet and repel the ravages which the famine had been making on the people.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 289

    As the companion tells it

    In 1847, Limerick was a city under strain. The famine was still decimating the people, and the Liberator, Daniel O'Connell, died at Genoa on the 15th of May, on his way to Rome. A general election came that year too. On the 1st of January, Thomas Wallnutt was sworn in as Mayor. But what stirred the Corporation was money. A strong feeling had taken hold about how the Corporation was spending on improvements in the old town, over and above what the Act of Parliament required them to pay: the interest on their debt, the salaries of officers, and so on. People complained that since the New Corporation had been formed, a sum of 11,937 pounds, 2 shillings and 4 pence had been spent this way, on top of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds a year for six years before that on paving, watching, and cleansing. The St. Michael's Commissioners were still operating as a taxing, watching, lighting and cleansing body, serving their own district. The question became sharp: should the Corporation's revenues and loans go to the requirements of the old town, or should they be distributed equally and impartially across the whole city? Dr. Griffin, a member of the Corporation, brought the matter before that body. He proposed a resolution embodying his views, and it was carried. The Commissioners and the Corporation had serious discussions on the subject, and within a few years the result was the Limerick Corporate Reform Act, which gave the Corporation control of the entire city and annihilated the Commissioners. The Corporation also petitioned Parliament against Ministers' money. The Repeal of the Union was mooted again, and a petition in its favour was carried by an overwhelming majority of the council. They also backed Lord George Bentinck's effort in the House of Commons to advance a loan of 20,000,000 pounds from the Imperial Treasury to Ireland for public works, to meet the ravages the famine had been making on the people. That movement failed.

48. Death of Donough O'Brien, Lord from Adare to Limerick

    Adare · townland · Limerick · 1502

    Donough O'Brien, described as 'the fountain of the prosperity and affluence of Munster,' died in 1502. He was Lord of the district from Adare to Limerick, and from Newtown in Kilkeedy parish to Monasteraneuagh, and of Aherlagh and Kilbeheny.

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    The death of Donough O'Brien, the descendant of Donough Carbraigh, Lord of the district from Adare to Limerick, and from Baile-nua (NcAvtown in the parish of Kilkeedy) to Monasteraneuagh, Lord of Aherlagh and Coill-Beithne (Kilbeheny) " the fountain of the prosperity and afiluence of Munster,'' occurred in 1502. In this year, according to the Annals of Ulster, there was such inclement weather that it killed most of the cattle of Ireland, and prevented the husbandmen from tilling the earth. In the next year (1503) the Earl of Kildare went to England, and returned home with success, bringing with him his son, who had been in the custody of the King of England. Edmond Knight of Glynn died ; and Teige Boirneach of Burren, county Clare, and Murtogh O'Brien, who went with Owen OTlaherty into West Connaught against his kmsmen, Eory Oge and Donnell an baid or of the Boat, two sons of O'Elaherty, attacked the camp and carried away prizes and spoils. The sons of Mahon O'Brien and Owen

    ' Rymer's Foedera. The Earl of Desmond made a submission to Thomas Radcliff, Earl of Essex, Lord Deputy of Ireland, at Limerick.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Adare, Donough O'Brien died in 1502. He was a descendant of Donough Carbraigh, and Lord of the district from Adare to Limerick, and from Newtown in the parish of Kilkeedy to Monasteraneuagh, and Lord of Aherlagh and Kilbeheny. The record calls him "the fountain of the prosperity and affluence of Munster." According to the Annals of Ulster, that same year brought weather so inclement it killed most of the cattle of Ireland and stopped the husbandmen from tilling the earth. The next year, 1503, the Earl of Kildare went to England and returned home with success, bringing his son, who had been in the custody of the King of England. Edmond Knight of Glynn died. Teige Boirneach of Burren, county Clare, and Murtogh O'Brien went with Owen O'Flaherty into West Connaught against his own kinsmen, Eory Oge and Donnell of the Boat, two sons of O'Flaherty. They attacked the camp and carried away prizes and spoils. The Earl of Desmond made a submission to Thomas Radcliff, Earl of Essex, Lord Deputy of Ireland, at Limerick.

49. Donald O'Brien burns Limerick and breaks the bridge

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1177

    Raymond le Gros committed the city of Limerick to Donald O'Brien, who shortly after broke down the southern point of the bridge and set fire to the city, witnessed by Raymond le Gros as he departed for Dublin.

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    In the twenty-fourth year of Hemy II. (1177), Raymond le Gros alone discharged the regal functions in Ireland, and committed the city of Limerick to the guardianship of Donald O'Brien, prince of Thomond, who shortly after having broken down the southern point of the bridge set fire to the city. This was actually witnessed by Raymond le Gros as he departed for Dublin.

    In 1178,'* the interminable feuds of the Eoganachts and Dalgais, desolated

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick, in 1177. Raymond le Gros held regal authority in Ireland and gave the city of Limerick into the guardianship of Donald O'Brien, prince of Thomond. Shortly after, Donald broke down the southern point of the bridge and set fire to the city. Raymond le Gros saw it himself as he departed for Dublin.

50. Donogh defeated at foot of Ardagh mountains

    Ardagh · town · Limerick

    Donogh was utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, after which he abdicated the crown of Munster.

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    Donogh's deposition was now a proximate event. — Diarmid invaded Munster, once more burned Limerick and Emly, and defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kiucora, with the town and Church of KiUaloe ; and Turlogh and the Lagenians once more burned Limerick in the year 1063, and exacted hostages throughout Munster. At last being utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster, at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, he abdicated the crown of Munster, thus transferring his royal honors to his nephew. In the hope of atoning for his sins he afterwards set out on a pilgrimage to Eome, where he died with every appearance of sincere penitence, in the Monastery of St. Stephen, in the year 1064. Some writers assert that Donogh not only left the croAvn and regaha of Ireland with the Pope but made him over his kingdom, an empty compliment, if it took place at aU, which is not probable, as it is not mentioned by any of the old annahsts. It is added by those who tell this story, that the crown was afterwards given to Henry the II. by Pope Adiian the Fourth after the Norman conquest.'^

    ' Annals of Four Masters.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Ardagh is a town the road passes through, and these mountains above it were the scene of a final reckoning. Donogh had been losing his grip on Munster for some time. Diarmid invaded and burned Limerick and Emly, and Donogh was beaten in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kincora, with the town and Church of Killaloe. Then Turlogh and the Lagenians burned Limerick again in 1063 and took hostages throughout Munster. The end came when Donogh was utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster at the foot of the Ardagh mountains. He abdicated the crown of Munster, transferring his royal honors to his nephew. Hoping to atone for his sins, he set out on a pilgrimage to Rome, where he died in the Monastery of St. Stephen in 1064. Some writers say he left the crown and regalia of Ireland with the Pope, even made over his kingdom to him. An empty compliment, if it happened at all, and not likely, since none of the old annalists mention it. Those same storytellers add that the crown was later given to Henry the Second by Pope Adrian the Fourth after the Norman conquest.

51. Dr. Arthur's Limerick mansion and soldier billeting, 1651

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

    Dr. Thomas Arthur Fitzwilliam left an extensive inventory of brass vessels and household goods at his mansion-house in Limerick. He also recorded payments to William Morony's horse and foot soldiers quartered upon him and toward the English garrison from June to November 1651.

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    " From the 2nd day of June to the 2nd of November, 1651, I payed to such horse and foot as

    the head bill, Wm. Morony, quartered uppon me, and for several others. More I payed to the said Wm. Moroney towards the English guarizon."

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    In 1651 Limerick, Dr. Thomas Arthur Fitzwilliam kept a record of what the war cost him. From the 2nd of June to the 2nd of November he paid for horse and foot soldiers that William Morony quartered upon him, and paid more toward the English garrison. He also listed the brass vessels and household goods in his mansion-house.

52. Dr. de Burgo born at Clontuskert

    Clontuskert · town · Galway

    Dr. de Burgo, of a junior branch of Clanrickard, was born at Clontuskert and educated at the Irish Jesuit College of Lisbon. He returned from exile in 1663 to sleep in his native soil and died in Tuam on Holy Thursday, 1667.

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    Dr. de Burgo, of a junior branch of Clanrickard, was born at Clontuskert, was educated six or seven years at the Irish Jesuit College of Lisbon, sustained theses at Evora and Salamanca against all comers, and was dubbed Doctor of Divinity and of Civil and Canon Law. He was an enthusiastic admirer of the Jesuits, and advanced them money to maintain a college in Gal way. He returned from exile in 1663, "to sleep", as he said, " in his native soil". He died in Tuam; on Holy Thursday, 1667, and Father Guin, *' in whose power he was", celebrated Mass every day in his Grace's chamber for some time before his deatli ; he remained constantly by his bedside, the minister of his comforts, and the witness of his virtues and resignation.'

    The Father Procurator of the Limerick College, S. J., was Father Nicholas Punch, a man of singular amiability and humility, forty-seven years of age, and nineteen in the society. The Professor of Rhetoric was Father James Forde, a very good and learned man. In 1656, he chose, in the middle of a vast bog, a spot harder than the rest, and built a hut on it. Thither a large number of youths soon flocked, erected little huts all round, learned literature and virtue from the good father, and imitated him in enduring, not merely with fortitude, but also with joy, all the inconveniences of their position.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 381

    As the companion tells it

    Clontuskert is a town the road takes you through or near, and it is where Dr. de Burgo was born. He came from a junior branch of Clanrickard. He spent six or seven years studying at the Irish Jesuit College of Lisbon, and he sustained theses at Evora and Salamanca against all comers. He was made Doctor of Divinity and of Civil and Canon Law. He admired the Jesuits deeply and advanced them money to maintain a college in Galway. He returned from exile in 1663. He said he came, as he put it, "to sleep in his native soil." He died in Tuam on Holy Thursday, 1667. Father Guin, in whose power he was, celebrated Mass every day in his Grace's chamber for some time before his death. Father Guin remained constantly by his bedside, the minister of his comforts and the witness of his virtues and his resignation. So a man who left Clontuskert for Lisbon, Evora and Salamanca came home at the last to the country where he was born, and died not far from here in Tuam.

53. Dublin Protestant porters petition against Catholic rival

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1692–1693

    A petition by Edward Sprag and other Protestant porters of Dublin complained that a Catholic named Darby Ryan employed porters of his own persuasion. Curry observed that the complaint was not that Protestant porters were excluded, but that Catholic porters were employed.

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    Curry states, "It is really shameful to see what mean, malicious, and frivolous complaints against papists were received under the notice of grievances" by the Irish Parhament of William. A petition of one Edward Sprag and others, in behalf of themselves and other Protestant porters, in and about the city of Dubbin, complahiing that one Darby Ptyan, a papist — a good papist name no doubt: — employed porters of his own persuasion, was read, and referred to the examination and consideration of the committee of grievances, that they should report their opinion to the House ! Curry adds, " it is observable that the complaint of the petition was not that these Protestant porters were not employed by Eyan, but that the Popish porters were."^ As to the citizens of Limerick under these circumstances we shall see as wc proceed, how the treaty was observed in then* regard.

    An Act for banishing all papists exercising any ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and all regulars of the Popish clergy, was another of those scandalous enactments m violation of the Ti'eaty of Lunerick. By this Act they were to depart the kmgdom before the first of May, 1698, under the penaUy of

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 164

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dublin, the city carries a small piece of parliamentary history from the early 1690s. In the Irish Parliament of William, a petition was brought by one Edward Sprag and others, on behalf of themselves and other Protestant porters in and about the city. Their complaint was against a man named Darby Ryan, described as a papist, who employed porters of his own persuasion. The petition was read in Parliament and referred to the committee of grievances, which was to examine the matter and report its opinion to the House. Curry, who recorded the story, noted something telling about the petition. The complaint was not that these Protestant porters had been refused work by Ryan. It was that the Popish porters had been employed at all. Curry called it one of the mean, malicious, and frivolous complaints against papists that were received under the notice of grievances in that Parliament. A good papist name, he added drily of Darby Ryan.

54. Earl of Dunraven's Tudor castle at Adare

    Adare · townland · Limerick

    The Earl of Dunraven's castle is a magnificent Tudor castellated structure of cut limestone with bay windows, flanking towers, and grotesque ornaments executed by local workmen. It sits beautifully at the river-side within a noble demesne commanding views of abbeys and castles.

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    The castle of the Earl of Dunraven is a magnificent Tudor castellated structure of cut limestone, with bay windows of stone, mullions, etc., flanking towers, etc. The stone-cutting admirable, the ornaments, etc., grotesque, and of excellent pattern, all executed by local workmen, etc. The situation at the river-side is beautiful, in the midst of a noble demesne, finely planted, and commanding views of abbeys and castles. The whole of these buildings would well occupy the pencil for days. The schools of the Christian Brothers, the convent schools of the Sisters of Mercy, etc., also merit a visit, and afibrd a further proof of the munificence of the Earl of Dunraven,

    Gerald Grifiin's beautiful verses on A dare are too well known to be quoted.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 418

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Adare, the Earl of Dunraven built a Tudor castellated castle of cut limestone, with stone bay windows, mullions, and flanking towers. The stone-cutting is admirable. The ornaments are grotesque and of excellent pattern, all executed by local workmen. It stands at the river-side, in the midst of a noble demesne, finely planted, commanding views of abbeys and castles. The whole of these buildings would well occupy the pencil for days. The schools of the Christian Brothers and the convent schools of the Sisters of Mercy also merit a visit, and afford further proof of the munificence of the Earl of Dunraven. Gerald Griffin's beautiful verses on Adare are too well known to be quoted.

55. Field Marshal Browne of Camus nearly imprisoned in Limerick

    Camus · townland · Cork

    Field Marshal Browne, the conqueror of Frederick the Great, was a native of Camus in county Limerick. He was very near being surprised and put in prison while examining the walls of Limerick city in company with a Mr. Roche.

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    Colonel Nihill of Dillon's regiment distinguished himself at Lansfelt and Fontenoy, and Brigadier- General Balthassar Nihill, colonel of the Limerick regiment in the Neapolitan army, was one of the gallant Irish officers who disengaged the king's person at Velletri, when he was surprised by the imperial general Count Browne, the conqueror of Frederick the Great. This Field Marshal Browne was a native of Camus, in the county Limerick, and was very near being surprised and put in prison in Limerick some time afterwards while examining the walls of that city in company with a Mr. Roche, who was a relative of Dr. Nihill's.

    Laurence Nihill's brother was James Nihill, M.D., who studied medicine in Paris, Leyden, and Montpellier. He was invited to Spain by his uncle Sir John Higgins, first physician to Philip V. of Spain, with a view to succeed his uncle. He went, and found his uncle dead and the post filled up. He showed a medical manuscript to the famous Dr. Solano of Cadiz, who highly approved of it. He published it in London in 1742, and, on account of its singular merit, was elected Fellow of the Royal Society without his own knowledge. He was the author of other medical and scientific works, and he left a manuscript life of Christ in the hands of his brother.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 383

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Field Marshal Browne was born, at Camus in county Limerick. He was the conqueror of Frederick the Great, and he serves as the link between several Irish soldiers whose stories the passage tells. Count Browne, as he was called, surprised the king's person at Velletri, where Brigadier-General Balthassar Nihill, colonel of the Limerick regiment in the Neapolitan army, was among the gallant Irish officers who disengaged the king. Balthassar Nihill's comrade Colonel Nihill of Dillon's regiment had already distinguished himself at Lansfelt and Fontenoy. Some time after Velletri, Field Marshal Browne was back in his native country, examining the walls of Limerick city in company with a Mr. Roche, a relative of Dr. Nihill's. He was very near being surprised and put in prison there. The passage goes on to Laurence Nihill's brother James Nihill, a doctor who studied medicine in Paris, Leyden, and Montpellier. He was invited to Spain by his uncle Sir John Higgins, first physician to Philip the Fifth, to succeed him, but arrived to find his uncle dead and the post already filled. He showed a medical manuscript to the famous Dr. Solano of Cadiz, who highly approved of it. He published it in London in 1742 and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society without his own knowledge, on account of its singular merit.

56. Foundation stone laid for St. Alphonsus Church, Limerick

    South Circular Road · street · Limerick · 1858

    On May 30, 1858, Bishop Ryan laid the foundation stone of the new St. Alphonsus Church before an immense concourse and surrounded by clergy of the city. The church measured 176 feet in length, 70 feet wide for nave and aisles, with a transept of 73 feet and height of 76 feet.

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    Meantime the progress of Catholic institutions, schools, and churches in Limerick, had become one of the most remarkable phases of the year at which we have arrived. An event of great interest, and one that attracted an immense concourse, was the laying of the foundation stone, on the 30th of May, of the new and beautiful church of St. Alphonsus by the Right Rev. Dr. Ryan, who was surrounded by the clergy of the city, secular and regular. The Redemptorist Fathers, who follow the rule of their founder, St. Alphonsus de Liguori, had their first residence in Limerick at Bank Place, where they opened a small oratory on the Feast of Saint Andrew (November 28), 1853. In the May following they had built on the South Circular Road a comparatively small church, which adjoined the site of the present one; and during the years 1856 and 1857, at a cost of £6,000, a conventual establishment, which is one of the architectural ornaments of the city. The walls of the church had been already raised some feet above the surface, and these having been flagged, boarded over, and carpeted, formed a suitable course for this grand rehgious procession. The transept of the church is 73 feet — the nave and side aisles 70 feet wide — the length 176 feet — the height 76 feet from the nave floor to the apex of the ceiling. All the religious orders of the city, and the representatives of every public body, were present. The arrangements were admirable, and the day was brilliant. Two episcopal thrones were placed in suitable positions, one for the bishop of Limerick and the other for the Bishop of Kerry, who, however, was unavoidably absent; these thrones were canopied over with crimson velvet, and were gilded and festooned. The procession left the sanctuary of the small temporary chmrch of the fathers at half-past two o'clock, preceded by cross-bearer, acolytes, standard-bearers, boys in surplices and soutanes, boys bearing the rule and square, the trowel and hod ; lay brothers bearing the banner of

    520

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 298

    As the companion tells it

    This is the foundation of St. Alphonsus Church on South Circular Road in Limerick. On the 30th of May, 1858, the Right Reverend Dr. Ryan laid the foundation stone of the new church, surrounded by the clergy of the city, secular and regular, before an immense concourse of people. The Redemptorist Fathers, who follow the rule of their founder, St. Alphonsus de Liguori, had their first residence in Limerick at Bank Place, where they opened a small oratory on the Feast of Saint Andrew, November 28, 1853. In the May following, they built a comparatively small church on the South Circular Road, adjoining the site of the present one. During 1856 and 1857, at a cost of £6,000, they built a conventual establishment, described as one of the architectural ornaments of the city. By the day of the ceremony, the walls of the new church had already been raised some feet above the surface. These were flagged, boarded over, and carpeted to form a suitable course for the grand religious procession. The church measures 176 feet in length, 70 feet wide for the nave and side aisles, with a transept of 73 feet and a height of 76 feet from the nave floor to the apex of the ceiling. All the religious orders of the city were present, along with representatives of every public body. The arrangements were admirable and the day was brilliant. Two episcopal thrones had been placed in suitable positions, one for the Bishop of Limerick and the other for the Bishop of Kerry, who was unavoidably absent. The thrones were canopied over with crimson velvet, gilded and festooned. The procession left the sanctuary of the small temporary church at half-past two, preceded by a cross-bearer, acolytes, standard-bearers, boys in surplices and soutanes, and boys bearing the rule and square, the trowel and hod.

57. Funeral of Bishop Ryan at St. John's Cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1864

    The funeral of Dr. Ryan, Lord Bishop of Limerick, was held at the Cathedral of St. John's in Limerick. The coffin was lowered into a vault opposite the great altar, attended by the Archbishop of Cashel and Emly and the Bishop of Bombay.

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    At eleven o'clock a.m. tlie catliedral was crowded, and tlie solemn tones of the organ were awakened in the dirge notes, and immediately after that hour began the procession of the clergy, etc., headed by the Lord Archbishop of Cashel and Emly, who had come to pay his respects to the memory of his old and sincere friend, Dr. Ryan, the Lord Bishop of Limerick, the Lord Bishop of Bombay, entered the choir, preceded by acolytes and cross-bearers. After the usual solemn services, the coffin was lowered into the vault prepared for it, opposite the great altar in the cathedral of St. John's. Thus were laid in the grave the mortal remains of the venerable bishop who for nearly forty years had governed the see of Limerick with prudence, justice, and liberality, and who was one of the most munificent benefactors to the many convents and religious institutions which are now established throughout the diocese.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 368

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this is the city where Doctor Ryan, Lord Bishop of Limerick, was laid to rest in 1864. His funeral was held at the Cathedral of Saint John's. At eleven o'clock in the morning the cathedral was crowded, and the organ played in dirge notes. The procession of clergy began, headed by the Archbishop of Cashel and Emly, who had come to honour his old and sincere friend. The Bishop of Bombay entered the choir, preceded by acolytes and cross-bearers. After the usual solemn services, the coffin was lowered into the vault prepared for it, opposite the great altar. Doctor Ryan had governed the see of Limerick for nearly forty years, with prudence, justice, and liberality. He was one of the most munificent benefactors to the many convents and religious institutions established throughout the diocese.

58. Galleys seized from O'Brien and hauled to Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    A commander seized a galley and a half-galley from Mourough O'Brien, transporting them overland for a mile and a half before launching them back into the water and bringing them to Limerick.

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    He served at his own cost at the taking of Knockgraffon, Dungarvan, Carrigogunnel, the first and second time ; Ballinconnell Castle in Thomond and Clare, and Clononkenie, in the countic of Lymrick. He toke Donnell O'Bryen's galley, which did much prejudice the King's subjects in the river of Shenan. He sent his men, who slew the rebell called Slico (O'Connor Sligo), which did offend the cittizens much, and threatened to burn Lymerick. He caused Edmond Bourke and his sonne to pay £16 to such of the cittizens as they have robbed thereof. He caused William Fitzjames Geraldine to bestow the prey which he toke from some of the cittizens. His men brought home the cattle which were taken away the night before by some of the rebells. He apprehended one Macloghlen Baukaks sonn, and another rebell, whome he caused to pay £24 for their ransome, which he gave to such of the cittizens as the said Macloghlen's sonn formerly caused to pay him ransome of £10. He with a small companie burned the toune and castle in the Island called Ellanrogane, and faught with many of the rebells there, of whom they killed many, and burnt others, and brought his men with their goods home salfe. He toke a galley and a half galley from Mourough O'Bryan, which he carried by land a myle and a half, and then lanced them to the water, and brought them to Lymricke. He issued at midnight out of Lj'mricke towards the Bishop of Killalowe and his two sonnes, but they narrowly escaped him, quitting their horses and baggage, whereon thej' seized. He burned Kilcordane and Clonemoniayne, in O'Bryen's countric. lie allured James of Desmond to come into the Lord Deputie's camp and laye in his tent and wayte on him to Limerick, and in his progress through Thomond within two miles of Galway, where they tooke leave and came to Lyrarick, and the Lord Deputie .went to Galway. He payed £40 in part payment of 1000 Duckatts, which he proipised to Donough O'Bryan for betraying and delivering up into his hands the rebell Thomas Fitzgerald, leing tlicn with O'Brien in Thomond, as he undertook to doe, but fayled in performancethert'of."

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick was a city ringed by enemies and water. A commander whose name the record does not give served here at his own cost, fighting across the region. He took Knockgraffon, Dungarvan, Carrigogunnel twice, Ballinconnell Castle in Thomond and Clare, and Clononkenie in the county of Limerick. He seized Donnell O'Brien's galley, which had done much harm to the King's subjects in the river of Shannon. He sent men who slew a rebel called Slico, O'Connor Sligo, who had threatened to burn Limerick. He took a galley and a half-galley from Mourough O'Brien. He carried them by land a mile and a half, then launched them back into the water and brought them to Limerick. He made Edmond Bourke and his son pay 16 pounds to citizens they had robbed. He made William Fitzjames Geraldine give back prey taken from citizens. His men brought home cattle stolen the night before by rebels. He seized Macloghlen's son and another rebel, and made them pay 24 pounds ransom, which he gave to citizens that same man had previously forced to pay him 10 pounds. He burned a town and castle on an island called Ellanrogane, killed many rebels there, and brought his men home safe. He sallied at midnight out of Limerick after the Bishop of Killaloe and his two sons, who narrowly escaped, leaving their horses and baggage. He burned Kilcordane and Clonemoniayne in O'Brien's country. He drew James of Desmond to the Lord Deputy's camp, and they came to Limerick before parting ways.

59. Galway monument in Limerick Cathedral defaced by soldiers

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1459–1472

    A remarkable monument known as the Galway monument was erected in Limerick Cathedral, probably during Bishop Creagh's episcopacy (1459–c.1472). Its inscription was much defaced, likely deliberately and probably by soldiers.

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    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    ]\Iost pi'obably it was during the reign of this prelate that the Galway monument, or, at all events, the principal portion of that very remarkable monument, was erected in the cathedral, the inscription on which has been much defaced, no doubt purposely, and most probably by the soldiers

    ' This Bishop of Ossoiy may, however, have been of the Kilkenny sept of O'Dea, located near Waterford.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 331

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead, Limerick. In the cathedral here there was a remarkable monument, the Galway monument. Most likely it was put up during the episcopacy of Bishop Creagh, between 1459 and 1472. Its inscription has been much defaced, no doubt on purpose, and most probably by soldiers.

60. Gas lighting introduced to Parish of St. Michael, Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    A Mr. Porter of London, on behalf of the United General Gas Company, agreed to light the Parish of St. Michael with gas from the first of October, replacing oil previously used in public lamps. He anticipated spending £4000 before completion and promised a saving of £30 a year to the Parish Commissioners.

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    March 26th. — A Mr. Porter of London, on the part of the United General Gas Company, has agreed to light the Parish of St. Michael, from the first October next, with gas— oil being hitherto used in the public lamps. Mr. Porter promises to do so at a saving of £30 a year to the Parish Commissioners, and to furnish the requisite apparatus, «S;c. at his own cost. He anticipates an expenditure of £4000 before the work is completed.

    March 31st Ten convicts embarked on board the convict ship at Cove, Co. Cork ; they

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 262

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, there is a parish here, St. Michael, that once burned oil in its public lamps. That changed when a Mr. Porter of London, acting for the United General Gas Company, agreed to light the parish with gas from the first of October. He promised the Parish Commissioners a saving of £30 a year, and he undertook to furnish the apparatus at his own cost. Porter anticipated spending £4000 before the work was done.