Limerick, its history and antiquities; ecclesiastical, civil, and military,from the earliest ages, with copious historical, archaeological, topographical, and genealogical notes

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Steam power introduced at Newtown Pery mills, 1827

   Newtown Pery · population centre · Limerick · 1827

   In 1827 the Russell family, prominent Limerick merchants, fitted the Newtown Pery mills with steam machinery, the first such application of steam power to manufacturing in the city. The innovation met with public scepticism, as no one considered the plan rational or feasible.

   Read the passage

   the oldest, and for many years the largest merchants and manufacturers in the south-west of Ireland, in 1827, for the first time, added flour milling to their previously extensive business. They were the first in the city to see the advantage of steam power applied to manufactures, and in this year fitted up the Newtown Pery mills with steam machinery, much to the surprise and wonder of the people, as no one considered the plan either rational or feasible.^ It is idle now to say that the new power did succeed, and as the business grew and enlarged itself under the upright, liberal,

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 264

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Newtown Pery, in Limerick, the story here goes back to 1827. The Russell family, described as the oldest and for many years the largest merchants and manufacturers in the south-west of Ireland, added flour milling to their already extensive business that year. They were the first in the city to see the advantage of steam power applied to manufactures. They fitted the Newtown Pery mills with steam machinery, much to the surprise and wonder of the people, as no one considered the plan either rational or feasible. The new power did succeed, and the business grew and enlarged itself under what the source calls their upright, liberal management.

2. Synod of Limerick grants mayor power over ecclesiastical debtors

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1529

   A synod held in Limerick by Archbishop Edmund Butler of Cashel around the festival of SS. Peter and Paul, 1529, granted the mayor of Limerick power to imprison ecclesiastical debtors. The clergy arraigned the decree as a violation of canonical privilege.

   Read the passage

   ford and Lismore, andJames O'Conin, Bishop of Killaloe, also assisted. At this synod power Avas given to the mayor of Limerick to imprison ecclesiastical debtors, until they made satisfaction to their creditors, without incurring danger of excommunication. The privilege was sought for by Nicholas' Stritch, mayor, for himself and his successors, but a doubt is expressed that the concession was vahd.^ The clergy arraigned the decree as a violation of their canonical privilege ; and judging from the brief record of the event in the Arthur MSS., it would seem that the laity were not in favour of it, whatever cause may have impelled the mayor to demand a power hitherto unknown in the municipal annals. Whilst John Quin was bishop, there were improvements made in the cathedral by James Harold, mayor, which we find by a rudely cut tablet, inserted in recent years, in the wall of the north transept of the cathedral. The letters are relieved Roman, and the tablet was brought from another part of the cathedral, near the O'Dea monument, during the alterations in 1861 :

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 332

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, the city carries a story from 1529. Around the festival of Saints Peter and Paul that year, a synod was held here by Archbishop Edmund Butler of Cashel. James O'Conin, Bishop of Killaloe, also assisted. The synod gave the mayor of Limerick power to imprison ecclesiastical debtors until they made satisfaction to their creditors, without incurring danger of excommunication. The privilege was sought by Nicholas Stritch, mayor, for himself and his successors, but a doubt was expressed that the concession was valid. The clergy arraigned the decree as a violation of their canonical privilege. Judging from the brief record in the Arthur manuscripts, the laity were not in favour of it either, whatever cause may have impelled the mayor to demand a power hitherto unknown in the municipal annals. Later, while John Quin was bishop, improvements were made in the cathedral by James Harold, mayor. A rudely cut tablet records this, now inserted in the wall of the north transept, brought from near the O'Dea monument during alterations in 1861.

3. Thomas Burke of Castleconnell killed by O'Connor

   Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1598–1599

   Thomas Burke, brother of the Baron of Castleconnell, left the Queen's party and joined the confederates, then returned. He and his brother Lord Castleconnell were subsequently killed by Dermod O'Connor, to whom they had refused quarter.

   Read the passage

   As it does not enter into our plan to give the details of the war of O'Neill and O'Donnell, we must pass over some of the most interesting portions of the history of Ireland to the events in the local history. The brilliant campaigns of O^Neill and the other chiefs of Confederate Ulster^ especially crowned by the victory of the Yellow Pord^ in which Marshal Bagnall_, with twenty-three officers and seventeen hundred men were left dead on the field, leaving their artillery^ arms, colors and baggage in the hands of the Irish, produced a pow^erful effect on the Catholics of Munster ; Sir Peter de Lacy of BruflF, invited the celebrated Eory O^Moore, who had recovered his chieftainry of Leix, to Munster, and O'Moore having consulted O^NeiU, accepted the invitation, and despite of a show of opposition for Ormond, arrived without interruption in the county of Limerick ; Sir Thomas Norris marched to KilmaUock to oppose him, but he was obliged to retire to Cork, leaving a garrison behind him, and in his retreat, his rere guard was roughly handled by the forces of O'Moore. The success of O'Moore, produced an almost universal rising of the noblemen of Munster against the queen, but the Earls of Thomond and Ormond, and the Baron of Inchiquin did not join in the league, and their extensive influence prevented the MacMahons, the MacNamaras, the O'Connors, the O^Loughhns of Thomond, the O'Dwyers, the O'Eogarties, the O'Meaghers, the O'Moel Ryans, the O'Kennedies, and other chiefs of Tipperary from uniting against the queen. ^ The chief persons that joined the confederacy, were the Lords Lixnaw (Fitzmaurice), Fermoy, (Eoche), Mountgarret (Butler), Cahir (Butler), the Knight of Kerry, the Knight of Glyn, the White Knight, the three last bemg Geraldines, at the head of which sept O^Neill placed James, sou of Thomas Fitzgerald, surnamed the Red, and nephew of the last Earl of Desmond, being known in history as the sugan or straw rope Earl. This was the leader of the confederates, who in Cork and Kerry were supported by most of the MacCarthies, O^SuUivans, O^Driscolls, O^Donoghues, O^Donevans and O^Mahons, and some months after the expedition of Norris, Thomas Burke, brother of the Baron of Castleconnell, left the queen^s party and went over to the confederates, but went back again, and was subsequently killed with his brother. Lord Castleconnell, by one Dermod O^Connor, to whom they had refused

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 68

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up through Castleconnell now, in Limerick. In 1598 the victory of the Yellow Ford, where Marshal Bagnall lost twenty-three officers and seventeen hundred men, sent a shock through Munster. Sir Peter de Lacy of Bruff invited Rory O'More to come south. O'More consulted O'Neill, accepted, and arrived in the county of Limerick without interruption. Sir Thomas Norris marched to Kilmallock to oppose him but had to retire to Cork, leaving a garrison behind, and on his retreat his rear guard was roughly handled by O'More's forces. O'More's success set off an almost universal rising of Munster's noblemen against the queen. The Earls of Thomond and Ormond and the Baron of Inchiquin held back, and their influence kept the MacMahons, the MacNamaras, the O'Connors, the O'Dwyers and other Tipperary chiefs from joining the league. But the Lords Lixnaw, Fermoy, Mountgarret, Cahir, the Knight of Kerry, the Knight of Glyn, and the White Knight all joined the confederacy. In Cork and Kerry most of the MacCarthys, O'Sullivans, O'Driscolls, O'Donoghues and O'Mahons supported them. Some months after Norris's expedition, Thomas Burke, brother of the Baron of Castleconnell, left the queen's party and went over to the confederates. He went back again. Then he and his brother, Lord Castleconnell, were killed by one Dermod O'Connor, to whom they had refused quarter.

4. Treaty conference between Limerick and Ireton's camp fails

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

   Six commissioners on each side met in a tent between the city and Ireton's camp, dining together for several days. The defenders insisted on terms Ireton's commissioners would not accept, hopeful of relief from Scotland or Confederate unity, and the conference broke up without result.

   Read the passage

   They all met in a tent between the city and Ireton^'s camp, where for several days, they dined together and treated of conditions. But having in the meantime got great expectations of relief, either by the successes of the king in Scotland, or by the cessation of feuds and discords among the confederates at home, who, if they joined in love, when their enemies joined in hate, would be far more able, more numerous and powerful than Ireton's army, insisted upon terms which Ireton^s commissioners would not accede to. The result was the conference broke up without result, and preparations for the siege went on more vigorously than before. A fort, which Ireton had been preparing on one side of the city, and called to this day Ireton^s fort, being almost finished, and materials being ready for building a bridge to be laid over the Shannon, to preserve the communication between the besieging forces on each side, a resolution was made by them, to reduce a castle which was occupied by the defenders beyond Thomond bridge. To effect this object, a battery was erected, and a breach having been made, Ireton

   1 Arthur MSS. p. 78.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 97

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, this is where a treaty conference came to nothing in 1651. Six commissioners on each side met in a tent between the city and Ireton's camp. For several days they dined together and treated of conditions. But the defenders had got great expectations of relief, either by the successes of the king in Scotland, or by the cessation of feuds and discords among the confederates at home. If they joined in love, when their enemies joined in hate, they would be far more able, more numerous and powerful than Ireton's army. They insisted upon terms which Ireton's commissioners would not accede to. The conference broke up without result. Preparations for the siege went on more vigorously than before. A fort Ireton had been preparing on one side of the city, called to this day Ireton's fort, was almost finished. Materials were ready for a bridge over the Shannon, to preserve communication between the besieging forces on each side. A resolution was made to reduce a castle occupied by the defenders beyond Thomond bridge. A battery was erected, and a breach having been made.

5. Arms seizure and expulsion of Catholics and fanatics in Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1666

   Lord Orrery ordered the mayors and governors of Limerick and Cork, as the two chief fortresses of the province, to seize all arms in the hands of Catholics within these garrisons and to expel crowds of 'fanatics' who had come into the cities, endangering the fortresses.

   Read the passage

   In the June of the same year, he announces to the Duke that Myles Eeilly, with seven or eight hundred Irish, had run into rebellion, which he says he does not suppose he would have been so mad as to do if he Avere not sure of succours from abroad or from home.^ In consequence of this intelligence, he ordered the mayors and governors of Limerick and Cork, as the two chief fortresses of the province, to seize on aU the arms in the hands of Catholics within these garrisons, and to adopt the same course towards " the fanatics/'' He also issued orders to expel such persons from both cities, crowds of whom, he says, had come into them, to the endangering of the fortresses, taking advantage of the Hcense granted to such of the Irish as traded by sea, or were otherwise " needful or civil men/^^

   At this time OiTery received a seasonable and welcome assurance from Colonel Daniel O^Bryan of Clare, that he was ready to suppress any rising of the Irish that might take place in that County, m which the Colonel informed him there were many HI inchncd Irish. ^ It was in the same year, 1666, that a plot was disclosed to the Duke of Ormonde by Captain Oliver, a gentleman of the County Limerick, the alleged object of which was the removal of the King and Lords, the restoration of the Long Parliament, several of whose members were said to be imphcated, and the substitution of a ^^ sober ministry for bishops.""' The conspirators, it was added, expected assistance.^ They were of course Cromweliians.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 116

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, you are moving through one of the two chief fortresses of the province, the other being Cork. In June 1666, Lord Orrery wrote to the Duke with word that Myles Reilly, with seven or eight hundred Irish, had run into rebellion. Orrery said he did not suppose Reilly would have been so mad as to do this unless he was sure of succours from abroad or from home. He then ordered the mayors and governors of Limerick and Cork to seize all arms in the hands of Catholics within these garrisons, and to take the same course towards "the fanatics." He also ordered such persons expelled from both cities. Crowds of them, he said, had come into the cities, endangering the fortresses, taking advantage of the license granted to such of the Irish as traded by sea or were otherwise "needful or civil men." Around the same time, Orrery received a welcome assurance from Colonel Daniel O'Bryan of Clare that he was ready to suppress any rising of the Irish in that county, where the Colonel told him there were many ill-inclined Irish. Also in 1666, a plot was disclosed to the Duke of Ormonde by Captain Oliver, a gentleman of County Limerick. Its alleged object was the removal of the King and Lords, the restoration of the Long Parliament, several of whose members were said to be implicated, and the substitution of a sober ministry for bishops. The conspirators expected assistance. They were Cromwellians.

6. Breach in citadel wall still visible

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

   A partial breach measuring twelve yards, made by three hundred shot and shells near the citadel, was loosely repaired with clay mortar between the first and second sieges under Sarsfield's orders, and remains visible.

   Read the passage

   hour the wonderful efforts that were made to deraoHsh the walls and citadel. We need not say what were the capacity and conduct — what the watchfulness and care of Sarsfield, when the decisive moment was drawing nigh. Whilst the besiegers were pushing on their works with activity^ the besieged were equally wakeful — they not only kept their ground, but they placed their mines within a short distance of the covert- way, where it was almost certain the Williamite grenadiers and Brandenburgers would lodge themselves. There was no sufficient precaution taken by them ; nor was the terrible cannonade of the Williamites able to silence the guns that continued to roar from the old grey walls. As happened before, and will again happen, the engineers of William made a mistake which it was not in their power to remedy : they made their attack at a point which they imagined the weakest, but which in fact was the best covered and the most artfully contrived for defence of any other throughout the walls ; here a mine was made by the du-ection of Sarsfield, who showed in this instance also his able generalship. No less than three hundred shot had been discharged against the walls; but although the trenches were pushed within thirty yards of the ditch, the Wil- Hamites dared not attempt to storm the counterscarp. ^

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 136

7. Limerick militia near-mutiny over great coats

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1814

   The County of Limerick militia regiment was disembodied in 1814, and a mutiny nearly resulted because the men were not permitted to take their great coats, which government alleged were needed to clothe soldiers returning from the Peninsula.

   Read the passage

   vindicate the rights of petition, and to denounce the conduct of the government. Mr. John Howley, jun.' had presided at the Limerick meeting which took place on the 24th of August, 1812, and which was attended by Daniel O'Connell, Counsellor Casey, Counsellor O'Gorman, &c., and which was a noble meeting, where resolutions were adopted proclaiming the right of petition, thanking the most noble the Earl of Fingal for having taken his proper place at the head of the Cathohcs of Ireland, thanking the honest Protestant, George Lidwell, Esq., and declaring their determination to cooperate with the general committee of the Catholics of Ireland for a redress of grievances. 2 The fight was carried on nobly, unflinchingly, and resolutely. The Catholic Board was formed by Daniel O'Connell, and continued to work zealously ; but on the 4th of June, 1814, the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council issued aproclamation by which they declared the CathoHc Board an unlawful assembly, and ordered all to abstain from its proceedings ! This did notdampthe ardour of theCatholics. To add to the troubles of the times, an unexpected peace with France was proclaimed, by the banishment of Bonaparte to Elba. The]?eacewasproclaimed on the 27th of June in Limerick, whenprices which the month before had been unprecedentedly high, fell, to the ruin of many speculators. Among themilitiaregimentsdisembodiedinthemonth after,wasthe county of Limerick regiment, whena mutiny had nearly resulted, owing to thefact

   ' The present Mr. Sergeant Howler, Q.C. * State of the Catholic Cause, Dublin, 1812.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 247

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, you are in a city that saw years of political turmoil around 1812 and 1814. On the 24th of August 1812, a meeting was held here, chaired by John Howley, junior, and attended by Daniel O'Connell, Counsellor Casey, and Counsellor O'Gorman. Resolutions were adopted proclaiming the right of petition, thanking the Earl of Fingal for taking his place at the head of the Catholics of Ireland, thanking George Lidwell, and declaring their determination to cooperate with the general committee of the Catholics of Ireland for redress of grievances. Daniel O'Connell formed the Catholic Board, which worked zealously. But on the 4th of June 1814, the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council issued a proclamation declaring the Catholic Board an unlawful assembly and ordering all to abstain from its proceedings. This did not damp the ardour of the Catholics. To add to the troubles, an unexpected peace with France was proclaimed, with Bonaparte banished to Elba. The peace was proclaimed in Limerick on the 27th of June, when prices that had been unprecedentedly high fell, to the ruin of many speculators. Among the militia regiments disembodied in the month after was the county of Limerick regiment, when a mutiny nearly resulted, owing to the fact that the men were not permitted to take their great coats. The government alleged these coats were needed to clothe soldiers returning from the Peninsula.

8. O'Ruarc's head exposed at Singland

   Singland · townland · Limerick · 1084

   After the battle of Monecronogh in 1084, the severed head of O'Ruarc was brought to Limerick and publicly exposed at Singland, near the site later occupied by the Water Works and Gallows Green.

   Read the passage

   In 1084, the chief of the Ulidians, having engaged the services of Donogh, the son of O^Ruarc, nicknamed " the Cock,^'' who commanded the forces of East Connaught>, marched mto Leinster and encamped at Monecronogh^ AA^here he was encountered by Murtagh O^Brien, son of Turlogh, at the head of the troops of Leinster, Ossory, Mmister, and the Danes of Dublin. Four thousand persons were left dead on the field in this action, which appears to have been a drawn battle. O^Rnarc was amongst the slain, and his head having been brought to Limerick, it was exposed on Singland, near the city, probably in the locaHty now occupied by the Water Works, near Gallows Green. ■ Wliile Turlogh^s army was engaged in Leinster, the Ulstermen entered Thomond, and burned Killaloe, Tomgraney, Scariff, and Moynoe, of which O^Halloran says in his usual patriotic style, " then flourishing cities on the banks of the Shamion, now scarce retaining the traces of villages .■'■' But Turlogh had his revenge, for in the next year (1085) he once more invaded the north, ravaged the territory, and took IMuireadhach, Prince of Muintercolies (the tribe name of the Magranalls or Re}Tiolds) in the southern half of the coimty Leitrim,

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 19

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here at Singland, in 1084, the severed head of O'Ruarc was put on public display, near where the Water Works and Gallows Green would later stand. That year, the chief of the Ulidians took on the services of Donogh, son of O'Ruarc, a man nicknamed "the Cock," who commanded the forces of East Connaught. They marched into Leinster and encamped at Monecronogh. There they met Murtagh O'Brien, son of Turlogh, leading the troops of Leinster, Ossory, Munster, and the Danes of Dublin. Four thousand people were left dead on the field. It seems to have been a drawn battle. O'Ruarc was among the slain, and his head was cut off, brought to Limerick, and exposed. While Turlogh's army was engaged in Leinster, the Ulstermen entered Thomond and burned Killaloe, Tomgraney, Scariff, and Moynoe. O'Halloran wrote of them as "then flourishing cities on the banks of the Shannon, now scarce retaining the traces of villages." Turlogh had his revenge the next year, 1085. He invaded the north, ravaged the territory, and took Muireadhach, Prince of Muintercolies, the tribe name of the Magranalls or Reynolds, in the southern half of county Leitrim.

9. Adare: ecclesiastical ruins, bridge, and Desmond castle

   Adare · townland · Limerick

   Adare, on the river Maig, was celebrated for its fine architectural ruins including three ecclesiastical edifices, an ancient ivy-clad bridge, and the old Desmond castle commanding the river passes. The Earl of Dunraven's demesne combined antique interest and modern improvement in a setting of groves, lawns, and meadows.

   Read the passage

   The deeply interesting ecclesiastical edifices, of which the ruins of three still remain in various degrees of preservation, the ancient bridge with its ivy-clad battlements, the old castle of the Desmonds, formerly of great strength, and so situated as to command the passes of the river Maig, form a combination of peculiarly effective and rarely equalled views, exhibiting highly picturesque features amidst the groves, the lawns, the meadows, which make up the variegated landscapes that distinguish the beautiful seat of the Earl of Dunraven, the lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county and city of Limerick. Venerable yew trees, wild ashes, and alders, add very much to the impressivenes of the scenery, while a profusion of shrubs, flowers, and other accessories of ornamental gardening, and the silence and seclusion of the locality, complete the effect produced by the antiquarian and romantic features of this most interesting of Irish manors. Referring our readers to the Earl of Dunmore sarcophagi, and was perhaps occasionally the receptacle of treasure. Detached and isolated graves, popularly known as " giant's" beds, or " Uarby and Grana's" beds, such as occur at Lough Gur, were not uncommon.

   The ancient Irish lived alter a very nomadic fashion ; in the summer retiring to their " booleys", or summer habitations, with their flocks and herds ; and in winter returning to their entrenched villages or forts, attended by their bards and harpers. Cashels were houses, or enclosures of houses, which latter were properly called cloghnas. The dun was a military work of uncemeuted stones. Some of the larger raths were dwellings of chiefs or kings; a beehive-like cavity is found in some, probably intended for a gi'anary. Rath ground is always very rich.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 416

10. Alderman Peter Tait's army clothing establishment

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Alderman Peter Tait of Limerick employed hundreds of people at his great army clothing establishment, described as the first and most important of its kind in the United Kingdom. He also promoted flax manufacture and attempted to revive Limerick's glove industry.

    Read the passage

    The principal deficiency arises from tobacco and sugar, owing, in some respects, to non-consumption, in other respects, to the introduction by railway of some of those articles duty paid. There are symptoms, indeed, of a revival. F'actories are s})ringing up in the city, in addition to those of which the Messrs. J. M. liussell and Sons are proprietors, and to which we have referred in a previous chapter. Alderman Peter Tait, of Limerick, an energetic and enterprising citizen, has given an impetus to the industrial movement, not only by his indefatigable exertions in reference to flax manufacture, but by his employment of some hundreds of persons at his great army clothing establishment — the first and most important of the kind in these kingdoms — and one in which Limerick has reason to experience the utmost pride. Milling is largely carried on, manufacturing all the homegrown and large quantities of foreign wheat. Wool-combing and papermaking, have well nigh altogether disappeared In 1800 there were twenty tanneries, and but one pawnbroker's office in Limerick. In 1865, there are at least twenty pawnbroker's offices, and only two tanneries. In 1841, the number of breweries w^as four. In 1865, there are three — one, the old established one at Garryowen, of which "Johnny Conuell",' celebrated in song, was the owner, and which now belongs to a lady of his family; the second, that of Messrs. Fitts, at the Newgate Lane;^ the third, that of Messrs. Stein, in Clare Street. In brogue-making, which had been an important branch of trade, there has been a great decline. Other branches of trade have died out altogether, such as cloth-finishers, wool-staplers, woollen- weavers, etc. The manufacture of gloves, for which Limerick was famous a century ago, and which owed its superiority to a secret which was said to be in the exclusive possession of a glover named Lyons and his family, has declined also. Lyons frequent iv got orders for his gloves from the Court of Russia and other European courts. Mr. Tait endeavoured to revive the manufacture, but was not successful. The proverbial celebrity which the fishing hooks of Limerick have won, is nearly gone' — every fishing hook was said to be worth a salmon ; their form, lightness, and temper covild not be imitated. Limerick lace, which has Avon a world-wide reputation, does not quite retain its old place : yet Spanish donnas have had their mantillas made in Limerick, while magnificent robes fashioned of it, have won the patronage of royalty.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 305

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, the city was finding signs of industrial revival after a long decline. Factories were springing up, and one man stood at the centre of it. Alderman Peter Tait, described as an energetic and enterprising citizen, gave impetus to the industrial movement in two ways. He worked indefatigably to promote flax manufacture, and he employed some hundreds of people at his great army clothing establishment. It was called the first and most important of its kind in these kingdoms, and the book says Limerick had reason to feel the utmost pride in it. But the broader picture of the city's trades tells you what Tait was pushing against. In 1800 there were twenty tanneries and one pawnbroker's office. By 1865, there were at least twenty pawnbroker's offices and only two tanneries. Wool-combing and papermaking had well nigh disappeared. Brogue-making, once an important branch of trade, had fallen into great decline. Cloth-finishers, wool-staplers, woollen weavers had died out altogether. Glove-making was one trade Tait personally tried to bring back. Limerick gloves had been famous a century earlier, their superiority said to come from a secret held by a glover named Lyons and his family. Lyons had received orders from the Court of Russia and other European courts. Tait endeavoured to revive the manufacture, but was not successful. Other famous Limerick products were also fading. The fishing hooks of Limerick had won proverbial celebrity — every hook was said to be worth a salmon, their form, lightness, and temper could not be imitated, but that reputation was nearly gone. Limerick lace, with its worldwide reputation, did not quite hold its old place either, though Spanish donnas had their mantillas made in Limerick, and magnificent robes fashioned from it won the patronage of royalty.

11. Askeaton castle blown up during Carew attack

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1574

    In 1574 Sir George Carew attacked Askeaton Castle, which was blown up by the garrison who then withdrew. The destruction ruined much of the edifice, but the great hall with its windows and a large arched vault beneath still remain as a noble ruin.

    Read the passage

    1574. Castle being attacked by Sir George Carew, was blown up by the garrison, who withdrew. This destroyed the greater part or the edifice, but the remains are still considerable, viz., the great hall with its windows, and a large arched vault beneath. It is a noble ruin.

    1642. The town, which was then walled, was for some time defended by 200 men, sent by Lord Broghill, but at last surrendered.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 424

12. Augustinian church converted from subscription theatre

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1810

    A theatre built by subscription in 1810 at a cost of £4,000 was purchased for £400 by Father Cronin and converted into an Augustinian church. The church was consecrated by Bishop Tuohy, with Dr. Doyle preaching the sermon, and features a marble altar and a painting of the Ascension by local artist Timothy Collopy.

    Read the passage

    of the burning of the old one, and wliicli was now brouglit to tlie hammer for the liquidation of arrears of debt. The theatre had been built by subscription in 1810, at the expense of £4,000, but the Very Rev. Father Cronin, the prior, aided by public liberality, purchased it for £400, and having insured the premises, employed an architect to make such alterations as would fit it for the service of religion. In negociating this purchase the prior was assisted by the Rev. D. O'Connor, now Bishop of Saldes, a distinguished member of the order, and in a few weeks, the work having been complete, the church was opened with great solemnity, and consecrated by the bishop of the diocese, the Right Rev. Dr. Tuohy, the sermon being preached by the celebrated Dr. Doyle, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, who was himself an Augustinian, and whose successful appeal on this occasion considerably assisted to liquidate the building debt. The alterations and improvements cost about £600 in addition to the purchase money. The interior is about ninety feet in length and sixty in breadth. The gallery is supported by metal columns and is in the form of a horseshoe. The new and costly altar of marble, etc., is ornamented by the fine painting of the Ascension by the celebrated artist, Timothy Collopy,a native of the city, of whom we have already written fully (see p. 344). This excellent church is principally lighted from the roof.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 371

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, there is a church that began as a theatre. A subscription theatre was built here in 1810, at a cost of £4,000. It was brought to the hammer to clear arrears of debt, and the Very Rev. Father Cronin, the prior, aided by public liberality, purchased it for £400. He insured the premises and employed an architect to make such alterations as would fit it for the service of religion. In negotiating the purchase, the prior was assisted by the Rev. D. O'Connor, now Bishop of Saldes, a distinguished member of the order. In a few weeks the work was complete, and the church was opened with great solemnity. It was consecrated by the bishop of the diocese, the Right Rev. Dr. Tuohy. The sermon was preached by the celebrated Dr. Doyle, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, who was himself an Augustinian. His successful appeal on this occasion considerably assisted to liquidate the building debt. The alterations and improvements cost about £600 in addition to the purchase money. The interior is about ninety feet in length and sixty in breadth. The gallery is supported by metal columns and is in the form of a horseshoe. The costly altar of marble is ornamented by a fine painting of the Ascension by Timothy Collopy, a native of the city. This church is principally lighted from the roof.

13. Bilboa market town burned by Dutch and English armies

    Bilboa · townland · Limerick

    The Dutch and English armies burned the market town of Bilboa on Warter's estate, County Limerick, during the Williamite wars. The total damage across the estate was estimated at £13,068.

    Read the passage

    " Represents the yearly rental of Warter's estate to be £500, but was unfortunately the seat of war. CuUen, a market town, was burned by Patrick Sarsfiekl, afcrwards Lord Lucan ; and William the Third, some days after, gave General Ellcnberg orders to blow up the Castle. The Irish burned the Manor House ; and the Dutch and English armies burned the market town of Bilboe, so that, by being laid waste, the whole damage estimated at £13068."

    Purcell, Baron of Loughmoe, though one of the commissioners for arranging the Treaty of surrender, and who was specially privileged to avail himself of the articles of Limerick, preferred to proceed to France with King James, and thus he incurred the forfeiture of his title and property.^ It is supposed that the attainder of Lord Galmoy occurred for the same cause. These titles have not been revived.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni

14. Bishop Pery, native of Limerick, buried in cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1794

    William Cecil Pery, a native of Limerick ordained deacon there in 1740, became Chaplain to the House of Commons and held several deaneries before being translated to Limerick. He died at Limerick on 4 July 1794 and was buried in his Cathedral.

    Read the passage

    1784 WilUam Cecil Pery, M.A. (afterwards created Lord Glentworth), was a native of Limerick, where he was ordained deacon on 9th June, 1740. He became Chaplain to the House of Commons, and was made successively Dean of Killaloe, Dean of Derry, and Bishop of Killala. He was translated to Limerick, by patent dated May i3th, and was enthroned on May 22nd. He died at Limerick on 4th July, 1794, and was buried in his Cathedral.

    1794 Thomas Bernard, D.D. (son of the Bishop of Derry), became successively Archdeacon of Derry, Dean of the same, and Bishop of Killaloe : he was translated to Limerick by patent dated September 12th. See further particulars of his character among the Bishops of Killaloe. He died at a very advanced age, at Wimbledon, in Surrey, on 7th June, 1806.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 351

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this is the city of William Cecil Pery, a native of the place who was ordained deacon here on 9 June 1740. He became Chaplain to the House of Commons, and was made successively Dean of Killaloe, Dean of Derry, and Bishop of Killala. He was translated to Limerick by patent dated 13 May, and enthroned on 22 May. He died at Limerick on 4 July 1794, and was buried in his Cathedral. After him came Thomas Bernard, son of the Bishop of Derry, who had been Archdeacon of Derry, Dean of the same, and Bishop of Killaloe. He was translated to Limerick by patent dated 12 September. He died at a very advanced age at Wimbledon in Surrey on 7 June 1806.

15. Bishops excommunicate Ormond and declare against his authority

    Loughrea · town · Galway · 1646

    On 15 December the bishops published a declaration against the continuance of the king's authority in Ormond and a solemn excommunication of all who should help or obey him, delivering to Satan all who opposed the declaration.

    Read the passage

    Ormond went to Loughrea, where the Bishops of Cork and Clonfert proceeded to receive his answer to their propositions, which, according to Dr. French, Bishop of Ferns, were loyal, dutiful, and moderate. He replied in a long letter that he was not wilUng to withdraw out of Ireland, as they for the peace of the kingdom and the reconcilement of differences among the Cathohcs, expressed a desire that he should do. They told him plainly that the people seeing no visible army for their defence, despaired of recovering what they had lost or of preserving what remained to them. Finding that they could not persuade him to change his resolution or bend to a just view of afiairs, on the 15th of December, they published a declaration against the continuance of the king's authority in Ormond, and a solemn excommunication, by which they dehvered to Satan, all that should oppose or disobey it, or feed, or help, or adhere to Ormond by giving him subsidy, contribution or intelligence, or by obeying his commands.

    Dr. John O'Moloney, Bishop of Killaloe, was among the Bishops who attached his sign manual to this edict ; and well did he pay for his boldness, as we shall soon see. The synod of JamestoMn, before their breaking up, appointed a committee to act by their authority during the recess; and commissions were given out by this committee for levying soldiers, for which a rendevous was fixed at Ballintober. The Bishop of Killaloe had raised a troop and appointed a rendevous at Quin. Ormond sent Edward Wogan against them; the party was dispersed, the Bishop taken prisoner, and he would have been put to death had not Ormond saved him,'^ though he had signed and promulgated the excommunication. On this memorable occasion

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 94

16. Black Battery and the breach at Limerick walls

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    The ground adjacent to the Fever Hospital formed the Black Battery, between which and St. John's Gate was the breach made during the siege of Limerick. A small swivel gun and three iron tubes were discovered in the Ramparts area and are still mounted on the walls.

    Read the passage

    Portions of the famous old wall are still remaining between St. Munchin's Churchyarcl and the Shannon, where the wall is flanked by towers. Also between Island Road and Barrack Street, extending from the crossing to Dominick Street to the crossing of the New Koad, near St. Mary's Chapel, where it forms an angle, and extends along Change Street. From Water-gate to the site of the old Linen Hall there is another segment ; and from the corner of Lock Quay to the Fever Hospital, another and by far the most interesting portion, the ground adjacent to and occupied by the latter building having formed the Black Battery, between which and St. John's Gate was the breach. The " Eamparts", as the line from this corner to old Clare Street was called, even to a late period, which were also breached, and defended by the women of Limerick, were a sloping mound of earth, powerfully strengthening the wall interiorly, and now, along with the walls, forming the sites of Mr. Cregan's, Mr. Brown's, and a Mrs. Callaghan's gardens. In the former, a small swivel gun, quite perfect, about a foot and a-half long, and capable of throwing two-ounce balls, was found with three iron tubes of about the same length, but larger calibre, and are still mounted on the walls in embrasures lately made to receive them. Here the walls are nearly 36 feet thick, and have been lately tunnelled by the proprietor, in order to connect the interior and exterior garden; in the latter of which a passage like a chimney runs up to the top of that part of the wall which forms Mr. Brown's garden, where the wall has had a passage cut thi'ough, with steps, as old as the time of the Siege, when it formed a sallyport. The chimney-like passage is traditionally said to have been used for obtaining supplies for the garrison. This part of the wall is parallel to John Street, and the present occupiers are so very obliging that respectable visitors will find no difficulty in procuring admission. The entrance is in what is now called Father Quinn's Lane. The Devil's Battery was at the angle facing the lane.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 446

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Limerick, portions of the old city wall still stand. The most interesting stretch runs from the corner of Lock Quay to the Fever Hospital. The ground beside that building formed the Black Battery, and it was between the Black Battery and St. John's Gate that the breach was made during the siege of Limerick. The Ramparts, as the line from this corner to old Clare Street was called, were also breached. They were defended by the women of Limerick. The Ramparts were a sloping mound of earth that strengthened the wall from the inside. That ground now forms the gardens of Mr. Cregan, Mr. Brown, and a Mrs. Callaghan. In Mr. Cregan's garden, a small swivel gun was found, quite perfect, about 1.5 feet long, capable of throwing 2-ounce balls. 3 iron tubes of about the same length but larger calibre were found with it. These are still mounted on the walls, in embrasures lately made to receive them. At this point the walls are nearly 36 feet thick. The proprietor has tunnelled through them recently to connect the interior and exterior gardens. In Mr. Brown's garden, a passage like a chimney runs up to the top of the wall. A passage was cut through there, with steps, as old as the time of the siege, when it formed a sallyport. That chimney-like passage is traditionally said to have been used for obtaining supplies for the garrison. This part of the wall runs parallel to John Street. The entrance is in what is now called Father Quinn's Lane. The Devil's Battery stood at the angle facing the lane.

17. Brian fortified Bruree in County Limerick

    Bruree · town · Limerick

    Bruree was among the places of strength erected or improved by Brian Boru in County Limerick, as recorded by Keating in his list of Brian's fortifications.

    Read the passage

    * The appearance of the fort of Kiucora at this day indicates clearly that it was fortified, as its Danish name (Worsaee, quoting the Danish Sagas) Kincoraborg would also show. Keating, indeed, gives a pretty lengthened list of places of strength erected or improved by Brian, besides Kincora, within a few miles of which he repaired the round tower of Tomgranej', built a church at Inniskeltra, and erected another at Killaloe. Amongst other places we find Cahir, Cashel, Koscrea in Tipperary, and in the county of Limerick, Lough Gur, Bruree, Duntryleague and Knockany.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 16

18. Browne of Camus, Russian general

    Camus · townland · Cork · 1736–1738

    Among the generals who served under Mareschal de Lasey in the Russian Empire's wars against the Turks was Browne of Camus, described as an illustrious Limerick man. The campaigns included the Crimean operations of 1736-1738.

    Read the passage

    2 Lasey, or De Lacy, of Bruff : — Members of this celebrated family -were among the first generals of the Russian Empire in the wars against the Turlis in the years 1736, 1737, and 1738. At this period Russia possessed as great generals as any other of the European powers, and first among those generals were the Limerick De Laseys (Memoirs Historique sur la Russie, 2 vols. A Lyon., 1772). Among the generals who commanded under the Mareschal de Lasey, were, Comte Lacy, his son, and Browne of Camus, another illustrious Limerick man. The conduct of the Mareschal de Lasey throughout the great campaigns in the Crimea in the years above mentioned, is spoken of in the most glowing terms bj' the historian of the wars. He entered Poland, commenced the Siege of Dantzig, marched on the Rhine, made the Siege of Azoph, and conducted many other great operations by land and sea. His son also was an illustrious general in these memorable campaigns. The military fame of the family was well sustained during the late Crimean War, &c., by Sir De Lacy Evans.

    3 The ruins of Pierce Lacy's Castle may yet be seen near the Bridge over the Morning Star Kiver at Bruff.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 70

19. Cathedral of St. John the Baptist Limerick: tower and spire

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1878

    The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Limerick, designed by London architect Mr. Hardwicke and erected some twenty-five years before through the exertions of Bishop Dr. Ryan and Father William Bourke, is described as one of the largest and most perfect specimens of Gothic architecture in Ireland. A new tower and spire were contracted in late 1878, raising over 200 feet of stonework on the existing base to a total height of 275 feet, making it the highest tower in Ireland.

    Read the passage

    The Cathedral is not only one of the largest, but also one of the most-perfect specimens of Gothic architecture in Ireland, It was erected some twenty-five years since through the indefatigable exertions of the late venerable Dr. Ryan, Lord Bishop, and the lamented Father William Bourke, the then administrator of St. John's parish. The designs for the Cathedral were prepared by the eminent London architect, Mr. Hardwicke, who also designed the beautiful church of the Redemptorist Fathers, Mount St. Alphonsus, and was architect of the later works at Adare Manor, for the late Earl of Dunraven. The Cathedral is one of Mr. Hardwicke's best works.

    In the original contract the tower was raised over the level of the roofs, standing about seventy feet above the pavement. Thus it had remained for years, until some few years ago, Avhen Limerick celebrating in common with the whole Catholic world the Golden Jubilee of the late illustrious Pius IX., embraced the opportunity to commemorate that glorious event, by raising, under the invocation of Mary Immaculate, a great tower and spire to the Cathedral.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 465

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist stands in this city, one of the largest and most perfect specimens of Gothic architecture in Ireland. It was erected about twenty-five years before 1878 through the indefatigable exertions of the late Dr. Ryan, Lord Bishop, and Father William Bourke, then administrator of St. John's parish. The designs came from the eminent London architect Mr. Hardwicke, who also designed the beautiful church of the Redemptorist Fathers at Mount St. Alphonsus and the later works at Adare Manor for the late Earl of Dunraven. In the original contract the tower stood about seventy feet above the pavement. Thus it remained for years. Then Limerick, celebrating the Golden Jubilee of Pius IX along with the whole Catholic world, embraced the opportunity to commemorate that event by raising a great tower and spire under the invocation of Mary Immaculate. In 1878 the new tower and spire were contracted, raising over 200 feet of stonework on the existing base to a total of 275 feet, making it the highest tower in Ireland.

20. Catholics of Limerick join the Volunteer movement

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1782

    On 10 April 1782, the Catholics of Limerick city were invited by the Limerick Independents, through Major Caleb Powell of Clonshavoy, to join the Volunteer corps. The invitation was hailed as a liberal gesture, with resolutions passed expressing gratitude and loyalty.

    Read the passage

    XXV. True Blue Foot, William Thomas Monsel!, Esq. XXVI. Limerick Independents, John Prendergast Smyth, Esq. It was on the 10th day of April in this year that the Catholics of the city, on the resolution of Martin Harold, Esq., and the invitation of Major Caleb Powell, of Clonshavoy, joined the corps of Limerick Independents ; their uniform was scarlet lined with green, with silver lace and other silver appendages. Their Adjutant, James Russell, Esq. was presented with agold medal by the corps. On the 30th of June they marched to Clonrael, under the command of John Prendergast Smyth, Esq. and were with other corps there reviewed by Colonel Henry Prittie, reviewing General. The Catholics of Limerick were admitted to take part in the movement, and the following resolutions were passed — {Ilistory of the Irish Volunteers.') : —

    " At a time when religious prejudices seem entirely laid aside, and a spirit of liberty and toleration breathes unanimously through all sects, we see with concern so loj'al and respectable a part of our brethren, as the Roman Catholics, stand idle spectators of the glorious exertions of their countrymen in the Volunteer cause. Actuated by these principles, the Limerick Independents think themselves called upon to step forward, and invite their fellow-citizens of the Roman Catholic persuasion to unite in the common cause, and enrol themselves under their standard. By Order, "John Harrison, Secretary."

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 223

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are in a city where, on the 10th of April 1782, the Catholics were invited to join the Volunteer corps known as the Limerick Independents. The invitation came through Major Caleb Powell of Clonshavoy, on the resolution of Martin Harold. The Independents were commanded by John Prendergast Smyth, and their uniform was scarlet lined with green, with silver lace and other silver appendages. Their Adjutant, James Russell, was presented with a gold medal by the corps. On the 30th of June they marched to Clonrael, where they were reviewed, along with other corps, by Colonel Henry Prittie, the reviewing general. The invitation itself was framed as a liberal gesture. The Limerick Independents declared that at a time when religious prejudices seemed entirely laid aside, and a spirit of liberty and toleration breathed through all sects, they saw with concern so loyal and respectable a part of their brethren as the Roman Catholics standing idle spectators of the exertions of their countrymen in the Volunteer cause. They invited their fellow citizens of the Roman Catholic persuasion to unite in the common cause and enrol themselves under their standard. The order was signed by John Harrison, Secretary.

21. Cnoc-na-gean: hill of the heads at Smerwick

    Knocknagin · townland · Dublin · 1580

    Near the Smerwick landing site is a green round hill called Cnoc-na-gean (hill of the heads), where tradition holds the English were encamped when they stormed the fort.

    Read the passage

    An Italian or Spanish fleet of the " Pope's people" landed in Kerry in the September of this year ; their arrival caused the greatest excitement in Limerick, so much so, that had they appeared at the gates of the city, they would have been thrown open to them, such was the idea of their strength and importance among the citizens, who viewed the expedition with contending feelings of hope and dread.^ They landed at Port-del-or, which is situated on an island connected with the South shore of Smerewick Harbour, and which James of Desmond fortified the year before. O'Sullivan, in his Cathohc History, gives a description of the island, near which is a green round hill called Cnoc-na-geaan, i.e. hill of the heads, whereon, tradition has

    ' The Four Masters and Ware state that it was the occupants of the Castle of Askeaton who pndeavoured to blow it up ; and the Four Masters add that, not being able to destroy it, they opened wide its gates, and the next day it became the property of the Queen, This was the first time that ordnance was used in the district, and the terrible roar of " those unknown gnns, the like of which had never been heard before," had a dreadful effect on the occupants of the Castle.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 63

22. Corporation vs Independents trial at Cork assizes

    Cork · city · Cork · 1821

    A trial of great importance to Limerick took place at Cork assizes between the Corporation and the Independents, represented by Denis Lyons for the Chamber of Commerce. Charters of John, Edward I, Henry V, Elizabeth, and James I were referred to, but nothing practical eventuated for the citizens.

    Read the passage

    One of those trials of deep interest between the Corporation and the Independents took place at Cork assizes this year ; it was of great importance to Limerick. Denis Lyons, Esq., merchant, represented the plaintiffs —the Chamber of Commerce. A verdict was given for the defendants. The trial occupied three days, and a vast deal of old and new matter was produced, which it was thought would prove to be the forerunner of future litigation. It was alleged that the Corporation was possessed of immense estates. The charters of John, of Edward I., of Henry V., the two charters of Elizabeth, and the charter of Jam3s L, were referred to fully. Nothing practical, however, eventuated from the trial for the citizens.

    Lord Comhermere, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland, arrived in Limerick on the 9th of September, and inspected the troops in garrison on the parade of the New Barracks.^ Immediately after, his Lordship left Limerick for Rockbarton, the residence of the Chief Baron O'Grady.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 263

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city was the setting for a trial of great importance to Limerick in 1821. The case was between the Corporation and the Independents. Denis Lyons, a merchant, represented the plaintiffs, the Chamber of Commerce. The trial ran for three days, and a vast deal of old and new matter was produced, which people thought would be the forerunner of future litigation. It was alleged that the Corporation possessed immense estates. The charters of John, Edward I, Henry V, the two charters of Elizabeth, and the charter of James I were all referred to fully. A verdict was given for the defendants. Nothing practical eventuated from the trial for the citizens of Limerick.

23. Cromwell's massacres at Drogheda and Wexford

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1649

    Cromwell perpetrated the bloody massacres of Drogheda and Wexford, making his name a terror to the entire people of Ireland. These events preceded the subsequent conflict around Limerick.

    Read the passage

    The events which followed in rapid succession, left the kingdom an easy prey to Cromwell. Notwithstanding the efforts of Edmond Dwyer, Bishop of Limerick, who manifested great address and talent for public affairs, and who wrote a powerful document in defence of the position he sustained,^ and those of the Bishops who continued to struggle against the tide which threatened every moment to overwhelm them, there was alas ! a faction in the country which still adhering to Ormond, gave such aid by their di^dsions to Ireton as enabled him in a very short time to prove the danger of divided councils. Limerick contained a party of Catholics who not only did not provide for the emergency, but which painted honester men than themselves in odious colours, and informed his excellency secretly that they were to be suspected and feared ! It was those who spoke in this way of others that would in reahty become traitors, and those they woidd cover with suspicion, proved honest men, true to God, to country, to king.'* Cromwell at this period had perpetrated the bloody massacres of Drogheda and Wexford, and had made his name a terror to the entire people of Ireland.

    ' Ormond having appointed Clanrickard to command in his absence, as the King's Deputy, to whom the nation showed all due obedience and submission, is a manifest argument that he was not banished out of the kingdom by the confederate Catholics, for whom he named a commander in his absence. — Bleeding Iphegenia, p. 111.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 95

    As the companion tells it

    The road is taking you through Drogheda here in Louth. In 1649, Cromwell perpetrated the bloody massacres at Drogheda and Wexford, and made his name a terror to the entire people of Ireland. The events that followed in rapid succession left the kingdom an easy prey to him. Notwithstanding the efforts of Edmond Dwyer, Bishop of Limerick, who showed great address and talent for public affairs and wrote a powerful document in defence of the position he sustained, and those of the bishops who continued to struggle against the tide threatening every moment to overwhelm them, there was a faction in the country still adhering to Ormond. Their divisions gave aid to Ireton and enabled him in a short time to prove the danger of divided councils. Limerick contained a party of Catholics who not only failed to provide for the emergency but painted honester men than themselves in odious colours, and informed his excellency secretly that those men were to be suspected and feared. It was those who spoke in this way of others who would in reality become traitors, and those they would cover with suspicion proved honest men, true to God, to country, to king. Ormond had appointed Clanrickard to command in his absence as the King's Deputy, to whom the nation showed all due obedience and submission.

24. Dermod McCarthy surrenders Cork to King Henry

    Cork · city · Cork · 1172

    Dermod McCarthy, prince of Desmond, surrendered the city of Cork to King Henry II the day after Henry's arrival, doing homage and consenting to pay tribute.

    Read the passage

    On the arrival of Henry, who was accompanied m this expechtion by a force consisting of four hundred knights and four hundred men at arms Strongbow presented him with the keys of the city of Waterford, and chd homac^e after the feudal manner for the kmgdom of Lemster. Dermod McCarthy prince of Desmond, on the next day suiTcndered the city ot Cork, did homage and consented to pay tribute ; and King Henry, now an acknowledged sovereign, advanced at the head of his army to Lismore, from which,

    . » Dermod Macmorrogb, King of Lemster, by ^yhom a trembling sod was made of all Irelandafter bavin- brougbt over the Saxons-after having done extensive injuries to the Irish-after Snrplunde ed and burnt many churches, such as Kells, Clonard, and others, died before the pnroffvearf after his ravages through Meath), of an insufferable and unknown disease^for he became putrd Sh e sUl living, through the miraculous power of God, Columbkille, and Fmneeu. andXeo her lints of Ireland whose churches he had violated and burned some time Feviou^y. He died in Ferna-mor without making a wUl, without repentance, without the body of Christ, without being anointed, as his evil conduct mented."-AnnalsoJthe Four Masters.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    We are coming through Cork now. In 1172, the day after Henry the Second arrived with 400 knights and 400 men at arms, Dermod McCarthy, prince of Desmond, surrendered this city to the king. He did homage and consented to pay tribute. The day before, Strongbow had presented Henry with the keys of Waterford and done homage after the feudal manner for the kingdom of Leinster. With Cork now surrendered, Henry, an acknowledged sovereign, advanced at the head of his army to Lismore. The book notes a darker figure behind these events. Dermod MacMorrough, king of Leinster, by whom a trembling sod was made of all Ireland, had brought over the Saxons and done extensive injuries to the Irish. He burned churches such as Kells and Clonard. He died before the following year of an insufferable and unknown disease, becoming putrid while still living. The Annals of the Four Masters record that he died in Ferna-mor without making a will, without repentance, without the body of Christ, without being anointed.

25. Desmond cuts Ormond force at Knockgraffin

    Knockgraffon · townland · Tipperary · 1582–1583

    The Earl of Desmond cut to pieces a large force sent against him by the brother and sons of the Earl of Ormond at Knockgraffin, demonstrating his continued military capability despite growing isolation.

    Read the passage

    The Earl of Desmond who was excluded from the amnesty which was now granted to the insurgents, occasionally gave proofs of considerable energy. He plundered the territory of Ormond, defeated the EngHsh in a hard fought battle at Gort-na-Piei, [Peafield in Tipperary] and cut to pieces a large force which had been sent against him by the brother and sons of the Earl of Ormond at Knockgraffin. He also despoiled the MacCarthys. But for sometime previously his people had begun to separate from him, and on one occasion^ when he had spent his Christmas in the wood of Kilquaig, near Kilmalloch, the garrison of that town were induced by the importunities of one John Walsh to endeavour to surprise him, and marching in the night, very nearly captured himself and his countess, who alarmed by the noise, got out of their cabin into the river, where they stood up to their chin in water on the bank side, and by this means escaped, but his servants were all killed, and his goods were carried away. In the summer and autumn of 1583,* even his countess, his children, and friends had begun to desert, so that at this period he had only four persons to accompany him from one cavern of a rock or hollow of a tree, to another throughout the two provinces of Munster.^ Deserted by his adherents he became a fugitive through the country, and was hunted from place to place, and was so well watched, that on one occasion when the Earl, accompanied by sixty gallowglasses, happened to be in the glen of Aherlow, the were surprised whilst some of them were asleep and some cooking horse flesh, by one Captain Dowdal who made prisoners of the first and cut the latter to pieces. The Earl however escaped and fled to Kerry, where he took shelter in a wood near Tralee. We give the rest of this melancholy story from the Annals of the Four Masters, with such corrections as their strong prejudices against the Geraldines require : —

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 65

26. Distressed emigrant brig Maria puts into Limerick harbour

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1827

    The emigrant brig Maria of Pembroke, sailing from New Ross to Quebec with 89 passengers, put into the harbour of Limerick in distress and utmost want. A subscription of £72 11s. 3d. was raised, and Rev. P. Hogan, P.P. of St. Michael's, realized an additional £20 by a charity sermon.

    Read the passage

    May 2nd. — The Emigrant Brig, Maria of Pembroke, from New Eoss to Quebec, put into the harbour of Limerick in distress ; 89 passengers on board, in the utmost want. A subscription raised of £72 lis. 3d. for them. The Rev. P. Hogan, P.P., St. Michael's, realized £20 additional for them by a charity sermon.

    464 HISTORY OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 262

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, in 1827 the emigrant brig Maria of Pembroke, sailing from New Ross to Quebec, put into the harbour in distress. 89 passengers on board were in utmost want. A subscription raised £72 11s. 3d. for them, and Reverend P. Hogan of St. Michael's raised £20 more by a charity sermon.

27. Donald O'Brien gives his palace as Limerick Cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1194

    Around 1194, Donald O'Brien gave his own palace to the Church and made it a Cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The charter granted to Brictius, bishop of Limerick, conveyed lands including Imurgan and Kamnacham, from the arch of Imuregram to the land of Imalin, and from the ford of Ceinu to the river Sinan.

    Read the passage

    The Cathedral of Limerick. 1194. About the time of the English first coming into Ireland, this pious king, Donald O^Brien, of Limerick, gave his own palace to the Church and of it made a Cathedral, which before was the small Church of St. IMunchin, now a parochial Church ; he built and endowed this new Cathedral which is dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The charter which he granted to Brictius,' bishop of Limerick, about this time, 1194, is as follows : — " Domnald, king of Limerick, to all the faithfid of God, both present and to come, greeting : Know all, that I have given to Brictius, bishop of Lumneach, and his successors, and to the clergy of St. ]\Iary, Lumneach, in free and perpetual alms, the land of Imurgan and the land of Ivamnacham, from the arch of Imuregram to the land of Imalin, and from the ford of Ceinu to the river Sinan, with all its appurtenances, and in confirmation hereof I set my seal. Witness, Mathew, Archbishop of Cashel, and Ruadri va Gradei." See fidly on this subject the chapter devoted to the Cathedral.

    ' Black Book of the Bishops of Limerick.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 23

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are in a city whose cathedral began as a king's own palace. Around 1194, about the time of the English first coming into Ireland, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, gave his palace to the Church and made a cathedral of it. Before that the small church of St. Munchin stood there, now a parochial church. He built and endowed the new cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The charter he granted to Brictius, bishop of Limerick, sets the gift in his own words. He calls himself Domnald, king of Limerick, and writes to all the faithful of God, both present and to come. He says he has given to Brictius, bishop of Lumneach, and his successors, and to the clergy of St. Mary, Lumneach, in free and perpetual alms, the land of Imurgan and the land of Kamnacham, from the arch of Imuregram to the land of Imalin, and from the ford of Ceinu to the river Sinan, with all its appurtenances. He set his seal in confirmation. The witnesses were Mathew, Archbishop of Cashel, and Ruadri va Gradei.

28. Donnell O'Brien wrests Limerick from the English

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1174

    Donnell O'Brien, following the example of Macarthy in Cork, seized the city of Limerick from the English intruders. This prompted Strongbow to call the Danes of Dublin to his assistance.

    Read the passage

    In the year 1174 the command of the forces was once more given to Harvey of Mount Maurice, who recommended Strongbow to join him in an expedition against Donnell O^Brien, who, following the example of Macarthy in Cork, had wrested the city of Limerick from the English intruders. Strongbow called to his assistance the Danes of Dubhn, and Eoderick O'Connor advanced into Ormond to repel him, Donnell O'Brien led his brave Dalcassians towards Durlas OTogarty (Ehogarty), now Thurles, where they gained a complete and signal victory. According to the Norman accounts, the Dublin Danes were attacked while overcome by sleep, and slaughtered, almost unresistingly, to the number of 400. Ware ascribes the glory of this result to Donnell O'Brien, king of Limerick, but he calculates that the loss of the English was not so considerable as that here given.

    This diasastrous defeat had such an effect upon Strongbow that he shut himself up at Waterford,^ whilst the Irish throughout the country rose up in arms.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    You are passing through Limerick now. In 1174, this city was wrested from the English by Donnell O'Brien, who was following the example of Macarthy in Cork. The command of the forces was given to Harvey of Mount Maurice, who recommended Strongbow join him in an expedition against Donnell O'Brien. Strongbow called the Danes of Dublin to his assistance. Roderick O'Connor advanced into Ormond to repel him. Donnell O'Brien led his Dalcassians towards Thurles, where they won a complete and signal victory. The Norman accounts say the Dublin Danes were attacked while overcome by sleep and slaughtered, almost without resistance, to the number of 400. Ware gives the glory of this result to Donnell O'Brien, king of Limerick, but he calculates the English loss was not so great as that. The defeat had such an effect on Strongbow that he shut himself up at Waterford, while the Irish throughout the country rose up in arms.

29. Dr. Arthur and Primate retreat to Lambay Island for cure

    Lambay Island · townland · Dublin · 1625

    While Dr. Thomas Arthur was treating Archbishop Usher, the two retreated to Lambay Island, remote from intrusion, to devote attention to the cure. The Primate paid Arthur £51 for his professional services.

    Read the passage

    • " On the 30th of August I proceeded to Limerick, where I remained until the tenth day of the following March with my wife, and obtained in the meantime from some patients £21 8s. Gd. At that time it was, that Mr. James Usher, Doctor and ' pseudo-primate' of Armagh, who had lately returned from England, where he had long laboured under a severe disease, to remove which, he had tried in vain the assistance of the royal physicians at a vast expense, sent for me. I waited upon him, while staying at his own palace in Drogheda, March li2nd, 1625. Then having heard his statement and weighed the opinions of the most eminent ph}-sicians, and serriousl)' studied the symptoms which arose throughout the whole history of the disease ; from these I thought I had explained the cause of this doubtful disease, which every day grew worse and worse, and which had hitherto escaped the observation of several very eminent men, which when I was sensible I had perfect!}' ascertained after making a slight experiment to try my conjecture,' I confidently undertook his cure ; nor did my hopes once deceive me. The curing of so eminent and on account of his erudition, so celebrated a man, of this grievous and stubbom disease, which baffled the skill of the royal physicians and most eminent doctors of England, made me celebrated and a favourite amongst the English, whom I had greatly disliked [exosus] for the sake of the Catholic religion." While this cure was progressing, the Doctor accompanied the Primate to Lambay Island, v.-here remote from intrusion they devoted their attention to the cure. The Primate gave him £51 for his professional services.

    2 Hib. Angl.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 79

30. Earls' encampment at Inchiquin and Ballyally

    Inchiquin · townland · Clare · 1559

    In 1559, Gonor, Earl of Thomond, sat before Inchiquin to oppose the sons of Murrogh O'Brien. After the Earl of Desmond crossed the Shannon, Thomond left his camp at Inchiquin empty, retrieved reinforcements, returned to the green of Inchiquin, and retreated the same night to Ballyally where the rival camps were not far apart.

    Read the passage

    Terrible was the commotion in consequence ; for nothing went more to the hearts of the people than an indignity of this kind.* In 1559, Gonor, Earl of Thomond, sat before luchiquin, to oppose the sons of Murrogh O'Brien. Donough, one of the sons of Murrogh was in the town, but Teigh, the other son of Murrough had been constantly in the company of the Earl of Desmond, since the expulsion of Donald O'Brien up to that period. Teigh made a sad complaint of his condition to the Earl of Desmond who assembled his troops and crossed the Shannon. The Earl of Thomond, leaving the camp at Inchiquin empty, proceeded to ask assistance from his trusty friend the Earl of Clanrickarde, which bemg granted, he did not halt until he arrived at the green of Inchiquin, and he returned back the same night to Ballyally. The camps of the Earls were not far asunder on that night. On the morrow, Desmond rose early, and marshalled his youthful warriors. They skirmished and fired on each other until they reached the top of KnockEurchailP where fatebroughtthemtogether,and victory afterafearfulfight declared in favor of Desmond. Gontemporaneously with this event O'Carroll, in accordance with the custom that every Irish chieftain thought it a duty to perform a predatory excursion as soon after his inauguration as possible, made his Captain's first expedition against Turlough Mac I Brien of Arra, on which occasion, he totally devastated and ravaged the country from Ballina, near KiUaloe, to O'Hogan^s mill, near Ardcroney.^ On the same day he slew Morrough Maclbrien, a distinguished Gaptain. In revenge the Maclbrien proceeded soon afterwards to ravage Ikerrin, in Tipperary ; but in this expechtion he was overthrown ; O'GarroU approached in battle order, dispersed the guards of the Maclbriens, not one of whom escaped by flight, took Maclbrien prisoner, who was not set at Hberty until he had paid ransom.' The rebellion of Gerald, the 16th Earl of Desmond, which brought him and Ms family to ruin, not content with his peaceable settlement in the Earldom, began about this time. His first disturbances were (in 1564) against the Earl of Ormond.^ These Earls were ordered to England, and bound by

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 57

31. East Gate of Irish-town delivered to Ireton

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

    When the breach was made and the parley beaten, the East Gate of the out-town or Irish-town was delivered up to Ireton's forces. Ludlow noted this gate belonged to the Irish-town, which was separated by a river from the main city.

    Read the passage

    So strong an impression was made, by the earnest party inside, that the treaty proposed by Ireton in which so many of the princijjal persons were excepted as to life, was rejected; and force was again put in requisition. The great guns were landed from the ships — other guns were brought from adjoining garrisons — a battery was erected against that part of the wall which had no earth lining within, no counterscarp, no protection, and that weak defence had been also shown to Ireton by some hidden traitor. The battery being in order, and the storming regiments told off to their several posts, a fire was opened — a breach was soon made — and a parley was beaten. The traitor Fennel had already seized on John's gate, and having been supplied with powder,* he threatened to give up the post to the enemy unless the garrison would consent to capitulate ! When the breach was made, and the parley beat, the resolution to surrender the city was taken in the treason for which preparations had been made — tlie East gate was delivered up.^ Ludlow states that this was the gate of the out-town or Irish-town, which was separated by a river,

    ' It is said by Cox that the powder was supplied by Creagh, the Mayor, and that he (Creagh) was aware of Fennell's intentions ; but this is not generally credited.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 99

    As the companion tells it

    In 1651, Limerick held out against Ireton. He offered a treaty, but so many principal people were excepted as to their lives that it was rejected, and he turned to force. Great guns were landed from the ships. More guns came from adjoining garrisons. A battery was raised against a stretch of wall that had no earth lining within, no counterscarp, no protection at all. That weak point had been shown to Ireton by some hidden traitor inside. The battery was set, the storming regiments told off to their posts, and fire was opened. A breach was soon made, and a parley beaten. By then the traitor Fennel had already seized John's Gate. He had been supplied with powder, and he threatened to give up the post to the enemy unless the garrison consented to capitulate. It is said by Cox that the powder was supplied by Creagh the Mayor, who knew Fennell's intentions, but that is not generally credited. When the breach was made and the parley beaten, the East Gate was delivered up. Ludlow states that this was the gate of the out-town or Irish-town, which was separated by a river.

32. Edmond Fox deprived of Limerick mayoralty for refusing oath

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Edmond Fox, mayor of Limerick, was deprived of his office three weeks before Michaelmas for refusing to take the oath of supremacy and not attending church. Andrew Creagh Fitzjasper replaced him as the first Protestant mayor of the city.

    Read the passage

    Sir Arthur Chichester, the succeeding Viceroy, re-established the long disused custom of ch-cuits in Mimster and Connaught ; and as an extension of Royal favor, Corporations were gTanted to several towns. The rising hoj)^ of the Qathohcs in the tolerant principles of their new King were soon rudely blighted by the issuing of a proclamation, promulgating the act of Uniformity, and commanding the " Papist^^ clergy to depart from the"" kingdom. He had abeady sent orders to Dublin that the Act of Supremacy should'be administered to all Catholic lawyers and justices of the peace, and that the laws against recusants should be strictly enforced ;■ ■, a commission Avas issued caUing on respectable Catholics to Wsatch and inform agnlnst such.. .. of their co-a'eligionists as did not frequent Protestant churehesy:ifand some "^ Catholics who had remonstrated and petitioned „M' religious lifety were committed to prison ; Sir Henry Blunkard wa^ PloBident of 3\Juilster, and Edmond Fox being mayor of Limerick, was deprived of Ms ofiice three Aveeks bi^re Michaelmas day, for refusing to take the oath of supremacy and not going to church. Andrew Creagh Eitzjasper was chosen mayor m the place of Eox, for the remainder of the year, and.this Creagh was the first Protestant mayor of the city. Eox was eleven months piiyor^ — Creagh pne month. Domanick EitzPeter Creagh and James Woulfe were the'- bailiffs. ^ Creagh was succeeded by Edmond Sexten, who had Christopher FitzEdward Arthur' and Peter EitzThomas Creagh, bailiffe^^ ms^'"'"-

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 72

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, the city holds a story from the time of Sir Arthur Chichester, the succeeding Viceroy. Edmond Fox, mayor of Limerick, was deprived of his office three weeks before Michaelmas day, for refusing to take the oath of supremacy and not going to church. Andrew Creagh Fitzjasper was chosen mayor in his place, for the remainder of the year, and this Creagh was the first Protestant mayor of the city. Fox had been eleven months mayor, Creagh one month. Domanick FitzPeter Creagh and James Woulfe were the bailiffs. Creagh was succeeded by Edmond Sexten, who had Christopher FitzEdward Arthur and Peter FitzThomas Creagh as bailiffs. This came under Chichester, who re-established the long disused custom of circuits in Munster and Connaught, and granted corporations to several towns. The hopes Catholics placed in the tolerant principles of their new King were soon blighted. A proclamation was issued promulgating the Act of Uniformity and commanding the, in the source's words, "Papist clergy to depart from the kingdom." Orders had already gone to Dublin that the Act of Supremacy should be administered to all Catholic lawyers and justices of the peace, and that the laws against recusants should be strictly enforced. A commission called on respectable Catholics to watch and inform against co-religionists who did not frequent Protestant churches. Some Catholics who remonstrated and petitioned for religious liberty were committed to prison. Sir Henry Blunkard was President of Munster.

33. Emmet's 1803 attempt to capture Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1803

    In 1803, Thomas Addis Emmet's party attempted to capture Limerick, choosing Baggot, a teacher of remarkable energy, as their instrument. Baggot and his associates were arrested and paid the forfeit. The event had only a transient effect on relations between Protestants and Catholics in the city.

    Read the passage

    A temporary check tras given to the happy state of things which was beginning to prevail in the city and throughout the county, by an attempt of the infatuated party of Thomas Addis Emmett^ in 1803^ to capture Limerick ! Baggot, a teacher in Ballingarry, and a man of remarkable energy and resolution, was the instrument chosen for the accomplishment of this design ; he was arrested, as were some of his associates, and he paid the forfeit, as did those who conspired with him on the occasion. The event had but a transient effect in disturbing the friendly relations in which the better ordered among the Protestants had begun to regard their Catholic fellow-citizens. The Emmett party had but few sympathisers among the more dispassionate and right thinking, and the entire affair was soon forgotten.

    Immediately after the detection and defeat of Emmett^s enterprise, the Corporation met on the 4th of March, Joseph Sargent, Esq., Mayor, in the chair, and passed an address to King George III., congratulating his Majesty on the result. On the 13th of May, it Avas resolved in Council "That it is the opinion of this Council that every future Mayor may receive one salmon or two peal per week from the Salmon Weir Company, and no more.''^ It must have been that their Worships trespassed too much on the Weir

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Limerick now. In 1803, this city was the target of Thomas Addis Emmet's party, who set out to capture it. They chose as their instrument a man named Baggot, a teacher in Ballingarry, described as a man of remarkable energy and resolution. Baggot was arrested, along with some of his associates, and he paid the forfeit, as did those who conspired with him. The attempt had only a transient effect on the friendly relations that had begun to grow between the better ordered among the Protestants and their Catholic fellow citizens. The Emmet party had few sympathisers among the more dispassionate and right thinking, and the whole affair was soon forgotten. Immediately after the detection and defeat of Emmet's enterprise, the Corporation met on the 4th of March. Joseph Sargent, the Mayor, was in the chair, and they passed an address to King George the Third, congratulating his Majesty on the result. On the 13th of May, it was resolved in Council that every future Mayor may receive one salmon or two peal per week from the Salmon Weir Company, and no more. It must have been that their Worships had been trespassing too much on the Weir.

34. English erected castle at Knockgraffon

    Knockgraffon · townland · Tipperary · 1193

    During the 1193 expedition, the English erected a castle at Knockgraffon, about two miles north of Cahir. This was part of the same campaign that saw the Dalcassians defeat the English near Killaloe.

    Read the passage

    In 1192, the English settlers in Leinster, taking advantage of the quarrels between the sons of Roderick O'Connor, wasted the territory of Thomond, but they suffered severely for their temerity. In the year 1193, say the annals of the Four Masters, " the English of Leinster committed great depredations against Donnell O'Brien. They pursued over the. plains of KiUaloe, and du'ected their course westwards, until they had reached a plain near the Shannon, in the parish of Killaloe, in the east of the county Clare, where they were opposed by the Dalcassians, who slew a great number of them. In this expedition the English erected the castles of Kilfeacle (about four and a-haLf miles to the east of the town of Tipperary), and Knockgraffon (about two miles to the north of the town of Cahir). DonneU O'Brien defeated the English of Ossory and made a great slaughter of them."'

    The neighbom'hood of Thurles Avas the scene of two defeats of the English by the brave king of Thomond.^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the English built a castle in 1193. It was part of a wider campaign that year. The English of Leinster, as the Annals of the Four Masters tell it, committed great depredations against Donnell O'Brien. They pursued over the plains of Killaloe and directed their course westwards until they reached a plain near the Shannon, in the parish of Killaloe, in the east of County Clare. There the Dalcassians opposed them and slew a great number. In that same expedition the English erected two castles: one at Kilfeacle, and this one at Knockgraffon, about two miles north of Cahir. Donnell O'Brien then defeated the English of Ossory and made a great slaughter of them. The trouble had begun the year before, in 1192, when the English settlers in Leinster took advantage of quarrels between the sons of Roderick O'Connor and wasted the territory of Thomond. They suffered severely for that temerity.

35. Executions at Gallows Green for Wightfield murder

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1810

    On 26 March 1810, Thomas Sullivan, John Croneen, and Thomas Halloran were executed at Gallows Green for the murder of John O'Neill at Wightfield on 21 October. The Grand Jury presented the Mayor Francis Lloyd £60 for expenses incurred in making the arrests and procuring informations.

    Read the passage

    * 1810. On the 26th of March, Thomas Sullivan, John Croneen, and Thomas Halloran, were executed at Gallows Green, for the murder of John O'Neill on the 21st of October instant, at Wightfield. The Grand Jury presented the Mayor, Francis Lloyd with £60, being at the rate of £20 per head for the three men above named convicted, for his expenses, incurred in making the arrest and procuring informations.

    On the 10th of September, 1810, a Charitable Society was formed for the relief of indigent manufacturers and families in distress, much on the plan of the Strangers' Friendly Society in Dublin. This excellent Charity was begun on the 2nd of November ; several gentlemen went about in the different parishes, and collected Subscriptions for raising a charitable fund for the relief of the poor ; and it was designated the Jubilee Charitable Fund, in consequence of the time in which it was initiated. The following sums were collected : —

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 244

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, on 26 March 1810, Thomas Sullivan, John Croneen, and Thomas Halloran were executed at Gallows Green for the murder of John O'Neill at Wightfield on 21 October. The Grand Jury presented Mayor Francis Lloyd 60 pounds for expenses incurred in making the arrests and procuring informations.

36. Faction reconciliation at Emly after Redemptorist mission

    Emly · town · Tipperary · 1862

    A reconciliation between the Three Years Old and Four Years Old factions occurred at Emly in the winter of 1862, achieved by the Archbishop of Cashel Dr. Leahy after a mission given by the Redemptorist Fathers of Limerick.

    Read the passage

    * Such a reconciliation, which is well described in a contemporary ballad by John Banim, occurred again at Emly in the winter of 1862, when the Three Years Old and the Four Years Old Factions were reconciled by the Archbishop of Cashel, the Most Kev. Dr. Leahy, ;ifter a misaon given in that parish by the Kedemptorist Fathers of Limerick.

    484 HISTORY OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 275

37. Father Moroney's 1615 visit to Franciscan Abbey of Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1615–1617

    Father Moroney, visiting the Franciscan Abbey of Limerick in 1615, found its beautiful gardens converted by Sexten into tanyards. He praised the abbey's situation on an island in the Shannon, noted the ancient abbey's roof was destroyed but walls still standing, and recorded that a former Baron of Castleconnell and his spouse were the founders, with their tomb within its precincts. By 1617, the sacred places had been polluted by conversion into tan pits.

    Read the passage

    The Franciscans, it is certain, continued always in the city of Limerick in the regular succession of the fathers as missionaries, etc., and gave aid to the people in their religious and political struggles in the most perilous times. Father Moroney, in his JIS. Tlistory of the Irish Franciscans, speaks of the Franciscan Abbey of Limerick as it was in 1615, when lie visited it, and when its beautifvd gardens, as he states, had been converted by Sexten into tanyards.' He was delighted with the beauty of its situation, in an island in the midst of the Shannon, and of the convenience and charms of which he had heard so many speak in the highest terms of praise before he had laid his eyes on them. He describes the monastery as placed under (outside) tlae walls of the city to the east, near the river, between the Monastery of Holy Cross to the south, and the Monastery of St. Dominick to the north. He states that the ancient Abbey of St. Francis had been destroyed as to the roof, but that the ample and well-proportioned walls were yet standing, and that they indicated the extent and nature of the building, but irom bad materials of which it was constructed, threatened to fall. He tells us he had learned that a former Baron of Castleconnell and his spouse had been the founders of the abbey ; that they had their tomb within its precints ; that it was the resting place of many of the distinguished citizens; and that Avhen he viewed it, in 1617,

    ' The words of Father Moronej', taken from his invaluable MS., and for which we are indebted to the kindness of the Rev. C. P. Mechan. M.R.I.A., SS. Michael and John's, Dublin, speak jn the most laudatory terms of the abbey. The original MS. was compiled at Louvaiu in 1017, and is in tho Burfrundiau Library, Brussels.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 376

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are near the ground where the Franciscan Abbey of St. Francis once stood, on an island in the Shannon, outside the city walls to the east, near the river, between the Monastery of Holy Cross to the south and the Monastery of St. Dominick to the north. Father Moroney visited it in 1615 and wrote of what he found. The Franciscans had kept a continuous presence in Limerick, their fathers serving as missionaries through perilous times and aiding the people in religious and political struggles. Moroney had heard the abbey's situation praised in the highest terms before he ever laid eyes on it, and he was delighted with its beauty when he did. But its beautiful gardens had been converted by Sexten into tanyards. The ancient abbey's roof had been destroyed, though the ample and well-proportioned walls still stood, indicating the extent and nature of the building. From the bad materials of which it was constructed, those walls threatened to fall. He had learned that a former Baron of Castleconnell and his spouse had been the founders of the abbey, and that they had their tomb within its precincts. It was the resting place of many distinguished citizens. When he viewed it again in 1617, the sacred places had been polluted by their conversion into tan pits.

38. Father Netterville saying Mass openly in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    Father Nicholas Netterville, a Jesuit and friend of Cromwell, had leave to say Mass every day in Dublin. When accused by Captain Nathaniel Foulkes, he declared he was a priest and would continue saying Mass publicly, going about Dublin disguised as a cavalier.

    Read the passage

    To this staff of masters belonged Father Maurice Patrick and Father Piers Creagh. The latter father was born at Carrigeen Castle, which is three miles from Limerick on the Roxborough road. He was nephew of the Primate Martyr Creagh, and brother of the Mayor of Limerick, who distinguished himself during the siege, and of John, domestic prelate to Alexander Yll., from whom the family got the title of duke and an addition to their arms. While teaching in the Irish Jesuit College of Poictiers, Father Creagh directed the education of his nephew and namesake, who became an accomplished scholar, spoke Latin, Italian, French, Irish, and English with great fluency, and was afterwards Bishop of Cork, and eventually Archbishop of Dublin. This father was related to the Netterville family, one member of which. Father Robert Netterville, S.J., was beaten to death by the Puritans, whereas Father Nicholas Netterville, a Jesuit, is said to have been a great friend of Cronwell's, at whose table he often dined, and from whom he had leave to say Mass every day in Dublin. Being accused of saying Mass by Captain Nathaniel Foulkes, Father Netverville said : " I am a priest, and my Lord General knows it, and tell all the town of it, and that I will say Mass here every day". He was a great scholar and musician, speaker and divine, took a leading part in the debates about the Remonstrance, and used to go about Dublin disguised as a cavalier, and was chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant, Duke of Tyrconnell. His brother, Father Christopher Netterville, S.J., was at one time very near falling a victim to Puritan fury, and had to remain hiding for twelve months in the vault of his father. Viscount Netterville. Apropos of Father Netterville's relation with Cromwell, we may say that the Rev. Sir

    ' See Drs. O'Renehaii and Meehau.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 381

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin is the city you are passing through, and it was here that Father Nicholas Netterville, a Jesuit, said Mass openly in the 1650s. He was said to be a great friend of Cromwell's, dining often at his table, and had leave from him to say Mass every day in the city. When Captain Nathaniel Foulkes accused him of saying Mass, Netterville answered boldly. His words, as recorded, were: "I am a priest, and my Lord General knows it, and tell all the town of it, and that I will say Mass here every day." He was described as a great scholar and musician, a speaker and divine, and he took a leading part in the debates about the Remonstrance. He went about Dublin disguised as a cavalier, and served as chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant, Duke of Tyrconnell. His family suffered for the faith in other ways. His brother, Father Robert Netterville, also a Jesuit, was beaten to death by the Puritans. Another brother, Father Christopher Netterville, narrowly escaped Puritan fury and had to hide for twelve months in the vault of his father, Viscount Netterville. The Nettervilles were related to Father Piers Creagh, a Jesuit born at Carrigeen Castle near Limerick, who taught at the Irish Jesuit College of Poictiers and directed the education of his nephew, who became Archbishop of Dublin.

39. Filthy streets from Newgate Lane to Thomond Gate

    near Thomond Gate · street · Limerick · 1741–1749

    The streets of Limerick from Newgate Lane to Thomond Gate were in a shocking and scandalous condition, at one point so filled with soft filth that stones were placed in the middle of the street for people to step on. The bridge was also badly paved and dangerous for horses.

    Read the passage

    The streets from Newgate lane to Thomond Gate in a shocking and scandalous condition, and at one time so filled with filth near the pen formerh' held by TJiomson, that there were stones in the middle of the street to step on for those passing through, the filth being so soft that it ran over the street. The Bridge so badly paved with large stones as to be dangerous for horses to pass. 2d. each taken for three cows passing through the town the 3rd of Nov. inst., and Id. each for them ye next day, though not drove out of the suburbs.

    These exactions continued to the destruction of trade, the persecution of the farmers, and the injury of the city. On the 22nd of June, 1 749, Joseph Gabbett, Esq., of Doonstowne, in a letter addressed to Ambrose Wilson, Esq., at Cahirconlish, gives an account of the dispute he had in Limerick about these exactions, by which they took market toll, " just three times aa much as they had a right to " He gave information of it, and had the extorters indicted, but "was obliged to postpone the trial that assizes, because he had not the original docket, for Avhich he applied against the assizes following, but could not obtain it without the expense of bringing down the clerk of the House of Commons, in whose hands it was ! He also had the people who took illegal toll at John's Gate convicted before the Mayor, of extorting one penny for each horseload of potatoes, but had no other satisfaction given than making them return a halfpenny to each person who had so resisted them. It appears that Mr. Wilson had a law-suit at the same time, as Mr. Gabbett wishes him every success in his undertaking.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Thomond Gate, the streets running from Newgate Lane to here were in a shocking and scandalous condition. At one time they were so filled with filth, near the pen formerly held by Thomson, that stones were placed in the middle of the street for people to step on as they passed through, because the filth was so soft it ran over the street. The bridge too was badly paved with large stones, making it dangerous for horses to pass. There were exactions on top of the filth. Two pence each was taken for three cows passing through the town on the 3rd of November, and one penny each for them the next day, though they were not driven out of the suburbs. These exactions continued to the destruction of trade, the persecution of the farmers, and the injury of the city. On the 22nd of June 1749, Joseph Gabbett of Doonstowne wrote to Ambrose Wilson at Cahirconlish, giving an account of the dispute he had in Limerick about these exactions. They took market toll, as he put it, just three times as much as they had a right to. He gave information of it and had the extorters indicted, but was obliged to postpone the trial that assizes because he had not the original docket. He applied for it against the assizes following, but could not obtain it without the expense of bringing down the clerk of the House of Commons, in whose hands it was. He also had the people who took illegal toll at John's Gate convicted before the Mayor, of extorting one penny for each horseload of potatoes, but had no other satisfaction than making them return a halfpenny to each person who had resisted them.

40. Flan invades Munster and destroys as far as Limerick (906)

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 906

    Flan, son of Melsechlin, king of Ireland, led a great army into Munster in 906 and ravaged it as far as Limerick. He was aided by Cairbhall, son of Muiregan, forcing Cormac to flee.

    Read the passage

    But Cormac was not destined to remain long in the peaceable possession of his rights. Flan, son of MelsechHn, king of Ireland, with a great army invaded Munster, A.D. 906, and destroyed it as far as Limerick ; Malachy or MelsechHn, who had been king of Temora, ascended the throne of Ireland, on the death of Hugh, A.D. 879. Cairbhall, son of Muiregan, aided Flan in this expedition : Cormac fled, but the year following, resenting the injuries he had sustained, he entered Meath with his u'resistible Dalcassians, overthrew Flan in battle, took pledges from him for the performance of certain articles of agreement, and returned in triumph to Cashel, where he was welcomed by the joyous acclamations of his people, who regarded him as their dehverer from the bondage of domestic as well as foreign enemies.^ The spirit of Flan was unsubdued by the triumph of Cormac^s arms ; another and a more successful attempt was made by him soon afterwards in 908 to recover the losses he had endured. Confederating with the Kings of Leinster and Connaught, he again invaded Munster with a powerful force. The opposing armies met on the 16th of August on the plains of Moy-Albe; the battle was fierce, sanguinary, and protracted, and resulted in the death of the indomitable King-Bishop Cormac, whose army, losing heart at his fall, were overpowered ; and on that fatal day most of the Chiefs or Leaders or Princes were also killed ; amongst them are noticed Fogertach of Kerry, and KeUach of Ossory.^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Limerick, this is the city Flan, son of Melsechlin, king of Ireland, reached with a great army in 906. He invaded Munster that year and destroyed everything as far as Limerick itself. Flan had taken the throne of Ireland on the death of Hugh in 879. He was aided in this expedition by Cairbhall, son of Muiregan. Cormac, who held Munster, fled. But the following year Cormac came back. He entered Meath with his Dalcassians, overthrew Flan in battle, took pledges from him for certain articles of agreement, and returned in triumph to Cashel. His people welcomed him with joyous acclamations, regarding him as their deliverer from the bondage of domestic as well as foreign enemies. Flan's spirit was not broken by this defeat. He made another, more successful attempt soon afterwards, in 908. Confederating with the Kings of Leinster and Connaught, he invaded Munster again with a powerful force. The opposing armies met on the 16th of August on the plains of Moy-Albe. The battle was fierce, sanguinary, and protracted. It resulted in the death of Cormac, called the King-Bishop. His army lost heart at his fall and were overpowered. On that day most of the chiefs, leaders, and princes were also killed, among them Fogertach of Kerry and Kelalach of Ossory.

41. Ford of Annaghbeg military engagement

    Annaghbeg · townland · Galway · 1690

    Dragoons were sent to view the ford of Annaghbeg, about two miles above Limerick city, where six of King James's regiments were posted across the river with a breastwork. The Jacobite troops fired on William's soldiers but few were killed or wounded. The swollen river was expected to pose great difficulty but did not.

    Read the passage

    Regimeiit_, and other dragoons, were sent to view the ford of Annaghbeg,' of which William was informed, and which he proceeded to visit himself, a place about two miles above the city, where six of King James's regiments, three of horse, and two of dragoons commanded by Berwick and Lutterell, were posted at the other side of the river, with a breast-work to cover them ; these all fired upon the soldiers of William, but a}Dparently ■with little efi'ect, as few were killed or wounded. It was expected by the Wniiamites that they would meet with great difficulties and dangers in the passage of the river — first, because the troops of the besieged were so advantageously placed — and secondly, because the river at this season of the year was particularly swollen and rapid ; but they did not. Tradition states that the ford or pass, through which the hostde army passed over to the Clare side of the river, was betrayed by one MacAdam, who is said to have lived by fishing on the Shannon, and that his knowledge of the fords of the river was consequently very good. He is said to have conveyer! private information as to the place where the army of William might pass with safety ; and in order, if possible, to escape the odium of having been supposed voluntarily to sell the pass, he feigned sickness on the approach of the besieging army, whilst all the other fishermen ran off to the woods of Cratloe and the Clare mountains, as well to avoid being present as in fear of their Hves from the cruelty of William''s soldiers. As the army approached, a block and hatchet and a keg of gold were placed outside the door of the betrayer, who was accompanied bya boyof the neighbourhood, who had rowed a boat. The rich lands adjoining were pointed out to him. He was asked which he selected — the gold and the lauds, or the hatchet and death. The tradition goes on to say that as he had already determined, he at once proceeded to point out to the encpiirers the only place in that portion of the river which they could pass in the manner they desired. A rock was near the river bank, some few perches above the old churchyard of Kilquane, and to this rock, ever since called Carrig-a-Clouragh, or Chain- rock, were attached chains, which are said to have crossed the river from Corbally, nearly opposite Corbally House on the Limerick side. Abridge of boats, or a pontoon bridge, was thus constructed by the engineers. The rock appears to have been cut umbrella-like, or of mushroom shape, in order the more securely to hold the chains. For many years it was an object of singular curiosity : men of science, archeeologists, historians, enquirers, and patriots from all parts of Em'ope were in the habit of visiting it in the course of their tours to Limerick. — There were shallow holes in the top of Carrig-a-Clouragh, and when rain fell, the holes, thus filled with water, appeared as if saturated with blood, the stone being of a reddish colour. About twenty years ago Captain Hamilton Jackson, the then proprietor of this land, the portion of which in question has since, and within the last few years, been purchased by a prosperous laud holder of the neighbourhood,^ ordered a servant, named Council, to blast the rock; but

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 130

42. Garrison officers riot and harass the Bishop of Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1710

    In October 1710, officers of the Limerick garrison, led by Major Chaytor, repeatedly rioted outside the Bishop of Limerick's house, hunting a fox through the city with dogs and horns, beating pans, and throwing stones. The Mayor and Major-General Fairfax attempted to intervene but failed to fully suppress the disorder.

    Read the passage

    We learn moreover from tte depositions, that on the 20tli of October tlie riots were renewed,, when, some of the officers above named, went through the streets in the night, " beating warming-pans, stew-pans, &c.; and with this uproar and bawdy songs, pretending to serenade the city;" and again they made a set on the Bishop, against whom they appear to have had a \dolent animosity. The Mayor interposed his authority, in order to check these disgraceful proceedings ; but, in return, he received gross insult from ]\Iajor Chaytor, who was the principal actor, and, apparently, the prime mover in all these doings; and about three or four o'clock a.m. on the morning of the 23rd of the same month, he (Chaytor) with others of the above named officers, hunted a fox through the city, with a pack of about thirty dogs and three hunting horns, disturbing, in a particular manner the Bishop, at whose house they began the noise, and continued it until six a.m. The Bishop drew up the above complaint; and Major-General Fairfax, who seems not to have been able to make an energetic movement to suppress these shameful excesses, wrote to Dr. Smyth in the following terms :-—

    "Nov. 2, 1710. My Lord,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 174

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Limerick, this city was the scene of a disorder in October 1710. Officers of the garrison, led by Major Chaytor, turned repeatedly on the Bishop of Limerick, against whom they held a violent animosity. On the night of October 20th, some of the officers went through the streets beating warming-pans and stew-pans, with uproar and bawdy songs, pretending to serenade the city, and again made a set on the Bishop. The Mayor interposed his authority to check these disgraceful proceedings, but received gross insult from Major Chaytor, who was the principal actor and prime mover in all these doings. Then, about three or four o'clock on the morning of the 23rd, Chaytor and other officers hunted a fox through the city with a pack of about 30 dogs and three hunting horns. They began the noise at the Bishop's house and continued it until six a.m. The Bishop drew up a complaint. Major-General Fairfax, who seems not to have been able to make an energetic movement to suppress these shameful excesses, wrote to the Bishop on November 2, 1710.

43. Garryowen and John O'Connell's Brewery

    near Garryowen · population centre · Limerick

    The song 'Garryowen' contained allusions to the state of society in the Garryowen area and to local worthies, principally the late John O'Connell, proprietor of the Garryowen Brewery, who was much esteemed.

    Read the passage

    of " Garryowen"' — an air -which is heard with rapturous emotion by the Limerick man in whatever clime he may be placed, or under whatever circumstances its fond familiar tones may strike upon his ear. Not even the Ranzes des Vaches has so many charms for the Swiss Exile as Garryowen possesses for every individual who claims Limerick as his birth-place or even as his residence. The words to which this air has been wedded contain allusions not only to the state of society as it existed in Garryowen in these days, but to certain local worthies, and principally the late John O^Connell, Esq., the proprietor of the Garryowen Brewery, who was deservedly much esteemed.

    THE ORIGINAL SONG OF "GARRYOWEN," WITH TRANSLATIONS

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 233

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Garryowen, this is the place that gave its name to a song every Limerick person knows. The air of Garryowen is heard with rapturous emotion by the Limerick man in whatever clime he may be placed. The book says not even the ranz des vaches has so many charms for the Swiss exile as Garryowen possesses for every individual who claims Limerick as his birthplace or even as his residence. The words of the song contain allusions to the state of society as it existed in Garryowen in those days, and to certain local worthies, principally the late John O'Connell, proprietor of the Garryowen Brewery, who was deservedly much esteemed.

44. General assembly of clergy at Loughrea rejects Cromwell's proposals

    Loughrea · town · Galway · 1650

    A general assembly of the clergy at Loughrea, attended by the nobility and gentry of the kingdom, unanimously rejected advantageous proposals from Cromwell's agents. The confederates remained loyal to the monarch and resolved to stand or fall with his destinies.

    Read the passage

    iiig the assertion of Father Peter Walshe, who compared Ormond to Joseph in Egypt, Ormondes determination to desert and to betray the Catholics, is indisputable, as he proved under his own hand in a letter to Lord Orrery. — Ormond now resolved to remain no longer in Ireland. On the 11th of December he set sail, and landed in Bas Bretagne three weeks afterwards, the weather being stormy. He took with him, in his little frigate, which was provided by the Duke of York, Lord Inchiquin, Colonel Wogan and forty other officers, besides several passengers, Sir George Hamilton, Receiver General, Mr. Belling, Lady Clanrickarde and other persons of quality who went to France afterwards. He ai3pointed Lord Clanrickarde his Deputy.' Notwithstanding the occurrences at Jamestown and Clonmacnoise, where Dr. French thuiks a zeal, more unseasonable than prudent was manifested, but which was corrected afterwards by a general assembly of the Clergy at Loughrea, where the nobility and gentry of the kingdom had met,^ when advantageous proposals from Cromwell's agents being unanimously rejected by the confederates, the country remained loyal to the monarch, and resolved to stand or to fall with his destinies. The result proved that their confidence was misplaced.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 95

45. Ginkle's summons to surrender Ballymore

    Ballymore · town · Westmeath · 1691

    Ginkle sent a summons to the Governor of Ballymore demanding surrender within two hours, offering lives and prisoner-of-war status if compliant, but threatening no quarter otherwise. Women and children were permitted to leave.

    Read the passage

    " Since the Governour desires to see m Writing the Message ivhich I just flow sent him hy word of mouth, he may know, That if he Surrenders the Fort of Ballymore to me within two hours, I^vill give him and his Garrison their lives, and make them Prisoners of War ; if not, neither he nor they shall have any (Quarter, nor another ojtportunity for saving themselves. Hoivever, if in that time their Women and Children will go out, they %oill have my leave. "■Given at the Camp this 8th day of June, 1691, at 8 a Clock in the Morning.

    ''Bar Be GINCKEL.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 140

46. Glin Castle and the Knight of Glin

    Glin · town · Limerick · 1602

    Glin Castle, seat of the Knight of Glin, has been held by the family in uninterrupted succession for 600 to 700 years, the present knight being the twentieth. The manor was forfeited under Henry VIII and Elizabeth but restored in 1602. Extensive ruins remain, including two towers, a banqueting hall, and vaults.

    Read the passage

    Near the town is the castle, the seat of the Knight of Glin, whose family has in uninterrupted succession held it for between 600 and 700 years. The present knight is the twentieth in succession. The manor, which was forfeited for some time in the reign of Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth, was restored in 1602.

    The old castle of Glin, still extant, was celebrated for its siege by Sir George Carew in 1600, during Desmond's rebellion. Durmg this siege, after a desperate fight, the Knight of Glin and his gallant band were either killed or drowned. We have alluded to this siege before.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 431

47. Gun money coined at Jacobite Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1689–1691

    During the Jacobite war, coins known as 'gun money'—made from old guns as a temporary substitute for gold and silver—were issued, apparently coined at Limerick. From the Battle of the Boyne to the end of the war in autumn 1691, Limerick served as the Jacobite metropolis of Ireland.

    Read the passage

    caused among other metals that of " old guns'^ to be employed as a temporaryequivalent for gold and silver, and whicli liis proclamation promised to redeem on the expiration of the " present necessity/' This " gun money/' of which there were shillings and sixpences, the latter marked with the date 1689 ; the former dated 1689 and 1690, and both giving the day of the month, seems to have been coined at Limerick, at least the shillings, for, from the battle of the Boyne to the end of the war in the autumn of 1691, Limerick was the Jacobite metropohs of Ireland.' We have several of these coins in our posession.

    At the first appearance of this money the Protestants in Dublin objected to take it, but were soon compelled to do so. They were not, however, the principal losers when James's credit broke. The Catholics were by far the most numerous holders of his promissory tokens. This coia decHned on its being more abundantly circulated. But against the truth of the statement, that it was calculated to ruin Ireland by destroying trade, we may set off the words of O'Halloran, who was born in Limerick, in 1728, or only about 27 years after the war of the revolution, that it was by means of a barter trade with France, in which the Irish gave their wool, hides, tallow, and butter, for powder, ball, and arms, that the war was so long maintained agaiast William. O'Halloran is supported m this statement by the official information of King Wilham's Lord Justice for Ireland, Coningsby, in the State Paper Office, London. The Duke of Tyrconnell called in this brass money, from which on the 23nd of Pebruary following, the Williamite government took away all currency.^ " Hibemias'' were coined in Limerick some time before the last siege, viz. early in 1691 ; they are of very inferior metal, and bear the designation of Hibernias from the fact, that the figure of Hibemia, seated with cross in hand, is on the obverse, with the legend Hibemia. This coin is sometimes met with in Limerick up to the present day.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are moving through what was, from the Battle of the Boyne to the end of the war in autumn 1691, the Jacobite metropolis of Ireland. Coins called gun money seem to have been coined here, at least the shillings. Old guns were used as a temporary equivalent for gold and silver, and a proclamation promised to redeem them on the expiration of the "present necessity." There were shillings and sixpences. The sixpences were marked with the date 1689, the shillings dated 1689 and 1690, and both gave the day of the month. At the first appearance of this money, the Protestants in Dublin objected to take it but were soon compelled to do so. They were not the principal losers when James's credit broke. The Catholics were by far the most numerous holders of his promissory tokens. The coin declined as it was more abundantly circulated. Against the claim that it was calculated to ruin Ireland by destroying trade, O'Halloran, born in Limerick in 1728, only about 27 years after the war of the revolution, said it was by means of a barter trade with France that the war was so long maintained against William. The Irish gave their wool, hides, tallow, and butter, for powder, ball, and arms. O'Halloran is supported by the official information of King William's Lord Justice for Ireland, Coningsby, in the State Paper Office, London. The Duke of Tyrconnell called in this brass money, and on the 23rd of February following, the Williamite government took away all currency. Hibernias were coined in Limerick some time before the last siege, early in 1691. They are of very inferior metal. The figure of Hibernia, seated with cross in hand, is on the obverse, with the legend Hibernia. This coin is sometimes met with in Limerick up to the present day.

48. Henry Vereker killed in duel with Michael Furnell

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1792

    Henry Vereker was killed in a duel with Michael Furnell in 1792, as recorded in Ousley's MSS. The event is noted among the civic records of Limerick.

    Read the passage

    1792. Henry Vereker was killed in a duel with Michael Furnell this year {Ouselt/^s MSS).

    1814. Bow Lane was reduced to an inclined plane of easy ascent, making a difference of sevf uteen feet.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 411

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, there is a death here worth noting. In 1792, Henry Vereker was killed in a duel with Michael Furnell. The event is recorded in Ousley's manuscript notes, among the civic records of the city.

49. Ireton's army crosses Shannon near Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

    Ireton's forces crossed the Shannon at night using boats, landing a small advance party that killed one Confederate sentinel. About 60 foot and 20 horse were transported before Confederate horse skirmished with them, and cannon fire from a hill forced the Confederates to retreat.

    Read the passage

    army. Ten days had elapsed before all things necessary had been accomplished j and at the end of that time. Colonel Reeves was commanded to bring three boats which he had, to a place appointed for that purpose by one o''clock in the morning. At the beginning of the night three regiments of foot, with one of horse, and four pieces of cannon, marched silently towards the place where the boats were ordered to lie, and arrived there an hour before day. They found but two boats waiting for them, which, however, served to carry over three files of musqueteers and six troopers, who, having unsaddled their horses, caused them to swim by the boat, and were safely landed on the other side. Two sentinels of the Confederate forces were in the castle, of whom one was killed, and the other made his escape.

    Ireton^'s boats had transported about sixty foot and twenty horse before any opposition was given; but then some Confederate horse coming up skirmished with Ireton's ; and in this action a young ojfficer named Howe, who had accompanied General Ludlow, one of Ireton^s chief officers, into Ireland, highly distinguished himseK. About 1000 of the Confederate foot now advanced ; Ireton^s horse were ordered to retire; they obeyed with some hesitation ; the rapid advance of the Confederates was arrested by the guns of the ParKamentariaus, which had been placed on a hiE on their side of the river, from which they fired so constantly and so vehemently, that the Confederates were forced to retreat under shelter of a rising ground ; and not being able to regain what they had lost, to provide against further detriment by retreating more through the woods into their own quarters. Meantime the Parhamentarian sliips, with all things necessary for a siege, had anchored in the river, and only awaited orders to proceed to the desperate enterprise in which they had engaged.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 97

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this is where Ireton's army crossed the Shannon in 1651. Colonel Reeves was ordered to bring three boats to an appointed place by one o'clock in the morning. At the start of the night, three regiments of foot, one of horse, and four pieces of cannon marched silently toward the boats and arrived an hour before day. They found only two boats waiting, but those carried over three files of musketeers and six troopers, who unsaddled their horses and made them swim beside the boats. They landed safely on the other side. Two Confederate sentinels were in the castle. One was killed. The other escaped. Ireton's boats had transported about 60 foot and 20 horse before any opposition came. Then Confederate horse arrived and skirmished with Ireton's forces. A young officer named Howe, who had come into Ireland with General Ludlow, distinguished himself in the fighting. About 1000 Confederate foot now advanced. Ireton's horse were ordered to retire, and they obeyed with some hesitation. But the Parliamentarian guns, placed on a hill on their side of the river, fired so constantly and so vehemently that the Confederates were forced to retreat under the shelter of a rising ground. Unable to regain what they had lost, they retreated further through the woods into their own quarters. Meantime the Parliamentarian ships, carrying all things necessary for a siege, had anchored in the river, awaiting only orders to proceed.

50. James II's Limerick estates including Shannon fishing weares

    Shannon · town · Clare · 1693

    James, Duke of York (the future James II), obtained extensive grants of townlands across Co. Limerick and the City of Limerick, including fishing weares on the Shannon from the Blackwater to the island point of Rebogue. His estate was subsequently granted to Henry Guy, Robert Rochfort, and Mathew Hutton by letters patent dated 1 June 1693 after his deposition.

    Read the passage

    James, Duke of York, obtained grants of Castle Troy, 350a., Anghacotta, Newcastle, Kilbane, Kilmurry, Kerryship, Ballinglasseene, Ballynagh, Ballydoe, Knockingaule, Lislane, and Medinedally ; Ballysamon, Tolton, Sheadfeackle, Scrylane, Lyslane, Ballj'-Kinucke, Killowtiane, and Garryglasse, 2150a. One parcele of Killkenan, called Seaven Stang, -with five-eighth parts of the net fishing on the south side of the Shannon, from the Blackwater to the island point of Rebogue, with one whole and two half fishing weares upon the Shannon, and one upon the Muskerne (Mulkaire), Co. of the City of Limerick. Liscadowne, Boherloyde, Ballymacree, Labanamuck, Ardemonacamore, Ardmonicabegg, Lysmelanbegg, Caher-JooUy, and Lismakelly, Whittatowne Ballyagag, Carrigmasteene, Colereagh, 2117 acres, Bar. Clanwilliam ; Bally-Coughlane and Ardlagh, with the fishing weares, &c. 653a. 2r. 32p. prof. 200a. unprof. The Castle and six ploughlands of Ballyglaghane, Clourkellj', Tyne-Kelly, Gartane, Dowgart, Ballygogh, Killeene, Shanballymore, Gortgloghan, the houses and lands of Curragh, Ballynemoney, Ballardicke, 1990a. prof. Sin. and 14p. unprof. Pallice, Castle Pallice, Shane Pallice, Knocklershane, 283a. Ir. 18p. Forrenstowne (part) 20a. The 600th part of the weares in the libertie and island of Oniseclene ; Killenane, Clonkelly, and Ballyerahane, 409a. Ballynehane, part of Liscoclany, with Newcastle and Ballykunicke, the horse island in Limerick, part of Castletowne, called Island, 190a. part of Castletowne, Ballymartin, in Ballyclarone, 200a. same co.

    The Duke of York's estate (the unfortunate James II.) was granted to Henry Guy, Robert Rochfort, and Mathew Hutton, Esqs., by letters patent dated 1st of June, 1693, and enrolled 24:th following July (anno 5° Guil. III.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 108

51. John FitzThomas FitzGerald seeks seisin of Desmond estate in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1258

    Edward I granted Desmond and Decies to John FitzThomas FitzGerald in 1258. FitzGerald came to Dublin with royal letters patent to claim his estate, but the Lord Justice Stephen de Longespee refused to comply, leading FitzGerald to depart in fury and set a precedent of resistance.

    Read the passage

    * Desmonds. — The territory which gave its enormous power to the great house of Desmond, was acquired under curious circumstances. King John gave Desmond and Decies to FitzAnthony. This feudal lord, had five daughters, all of whom were married, the youngest being the wife of John FitzThomas FitzGerald. In the Irish civil wars, he was the only one of the sons-in-law of FitzAnthony who took the king's side ; so Edward I,, as Lord of Ireland, gave him Decies and Desmond in 1258. John FitzThomas came to Dublin with the royal lettters patent, and called upon the Lord Justice to grant him seisin of this fine estate. But Stephen de Longespee, who then held the oiRce, had secret ties which bound him to the other sons-in-law of the late Lord of Desmond, and he would not complj' with this reasonable demand. FitzThomas showed the letters patent. The king, said Longespee, has been grossly deceived. Furious at such a charge, the haughty Geraldine departed from Dublin, and set the first example of resistance to the constituted authorities for which his house were afterwards so famous. He called the tenants of

    38

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Dublin now. In 1258 this city was the stage for a quarrel that shaped the House of Desmond. Edward I, as Lord of Ireland, granted the territories of Desmond and Decies to John FitzThomas FitzGerald. The estate had belonged to FitzAnthony, whose five daughters all married. FitzThomas had wed the youngest, and in the Irish civil wars he alone among the sons-in-law took the king's side. So Edward gave him the lands. FitzThomas came to Dublin carrying the royal letters patent and called upon the Lord Justice to grant him seisin of this fine estate. But Stephen de Longespee held the office, and he had secret ties binding him to the other sons-in-law of the late Lord of Desmond. He would not comply. FitzThomas showed the letters patent. Longespee answered that the king had been grossly deceived. Furious at such a charge, the haughty Geraldine departed from Dublin, setting the first example of resistance to the constituted authorities for which his house were afterwards so famous. He called the tenants of Desmond to his banner.

52. Kennedy's projected bridge from Corbally to Allan Court

    Corbally · townland · Limerick · 1812–1824

    Around 1812, banker James Kennedy projected a bridge from Corbally across the Shannon to Allan Court in Limerick. He cleared a passage through a pit at great expense and laid a solid abutment, but the project was not completed despite general concurrence.

    Read the passage

    On the 26th of April, 1824, labourers were employed in opening the street from the end of Park Bridge, to communicate in a line from thence, and cross Mary-street to Quay-lane. The labourers could work only in the Abbey, (then part of the county of Limerick by charter) as the houses in Mary-streetwhich wereto betaken dovn had not been at the time presented for by the City Grand Jury. Ultimately the presentments were made, and Athlunkard-street was formed. James Kennedy, Esq., a banker, about twelve years before, projected a bridge from Corbally across the Shannon to Allan Court, cleared a passage through a pit at great expense, and laid a solid abutment. The project, however, was not carried through, though it had obtained general concurrence. It was at the conclusion of the session of Parliament this year that St. Francis's Abbey, theretofore in the county, by charter of James I., March 3rd, 1609, was attached to the city, and placed under the control of the city magistrates. Mr. Nimmo, the engineer, gave his opinion that a chain bridge could be thrown across the river at Allan Court for a sum not exceeding £2.000, but the idea of a chain bridge was abandoned.

    The Bill lor the erection of a bridge across the Shannon at Athlunkard to make a direct com.muuication or passage from the northern parts of the counties of Clare and Gal way, into Limerick, thus became law in 1825. Be-

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 268

53. Kilmurry Church ruin and forced Catholic levy

    Kilmurry · townland · Limerick · 1690

    The Church of Kilmurry (Kibnore or Kibnurry Magdalene) in the Eastern Liberties of Limerick became a complete ruin during the sieges of 1690–1691, being close to the Williamite camp site. Colonel Kilner Brazier, the resident landlord, attempted to rebuild it and sought to levy £60 off the Catholic inhabitants, threatening the parish priest Father Bryan O'Donnell when he refused to compel his parishioners to contribute.

    Read the passage

    It was with difficulty, notwithstanding this vannted mildness of the Hanoverian rule, that a priest could exist independently. In the country he was a mark for the villiage tyrant. In the city, he did not move beyond the precincts of his small oratory or chapel. As an instance, in illustration of the state of things in and about Limerick, at this period, we may observe that during the sieges of 1690 and 1691, the Church of Kibnore or Kibnurry Magdalene in the Eastern Liberties had become a complete ruin. It was close by the site of the Williamite camp. Colonel Kilner Brazier, the resident landlord, made an effort to rebuild the fallen church — a laudable enterprise no doubt, if properly conceived and honestly carried into effect. Mr. Loyd, the rector, and Dr. Smyth, the Bishop, were interested in the project ; but they do not appear to have been as zealous or as earnest, or rather as unscrupulous as Colonel Kilner Brazier desired that they should be. Mr. Loyd was either too poor or had too many other demands on him to contribute £30 yearly, towards the maintenance of a curate, and the Bishop had no disposable funds to give towards the building. After vestry meetings had failed to achieve the desired object, a resolution was adopted at one of those meetings by which a sum of £60 was ordered to be levied off the Catholic inhabitants of Kilmurry. Brazier had recourse to the Eev. Bryan O'Donnell, the then parish priest of Kilmurry, to raise the required sum. Father O^Domiell did not feel bound to call upon his parishioners to contribute. The result was that he was threatened by Colonel Brazier in letters which bespeak the temper of the times and the unenviable position of a Catholic Clergyman.*

    Mr. O'Donnell,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 179

54. King James enters Dublin amid rejoicing

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1689

    King James entered Dublin on Palm Sunday, 24 March 1689, amid extraordinary displays of joy, with streets lined with soldiers and windows hung with tapestry. The Catholic people received him as a friend and deliverer.

    Read the passage

    I HAVE briefly sketched in tlie foregoing chapter the rapid progress of events which preceded the grand crisis at which we have arrived, and which was to decide for ages the fate of a country that had trembled so long in the balance. Prom whatever cause arising. King James did not afford to his supporters that confidence which he might have inspired among men who had bled for their principles, and who had hoped, when he came to the throne, that their rights and liberties would receive a becoming recognition. On the other hand, the Protestant party, which for so long a period had enjoyed immunity and protection for their most revolting excesses, which had obtained the possessions of the Irish proprietors, who had been driven forth with unheard-of cruelty, from their lauds, were now resolved to hold what they had obtained, and to resist opposition from whatever quarter it might arrive. William had already an immense following in England; and strengthened by a powerful party, he resolved to measure weapons with his father-in-law, King James, and to make Ireland the battle-ground on which the mighty issue was to be decided. On the 12th of March, 1689, James landed at Kinsale from Prance, having about 1800 men with him. He proceeded immediately from Cork to DubHn, where Lord Tyrconnell, whom he had constituted Lord Lieutenant, and the entire Cathohc people, received him with open arms as the friend and dehverer, in whom they hoped to find a king equal to the tremendous emergency that had arisen.^ He entered Dublin on Palm Sunday the 24th, amid the most extraordinary display of joy — the streets were lined with soldiers, and the windows were hung with tapestry — the King on horseback. Whilst active, energetic, and powerful preparations were making on this side of the Channel, to sustain the legitimate king, and vindicate the rights of a nation which had so long and so grievously suffered, eighteen regiments of foot and four or five of horse were raised in England for the service of the Prince of Oran_ge in Ireland. The levies were made with very great speed ; for in five or six vveeks the regiments were completed. In the Tower of London, however, theie were not sufficient arms, which had to be sent for to Holland to supply the soldiery that were destined for this country. ^ The army thus raised, after marching to Chester, and encamping at Neston, embarked on the 8th of August, under the command of the Duke Schonberg, General of all the forces of WHliara and Mary ; Count Solmes, General of the Eoot, and several great oificers more, with ten thousand foot and horse : they set sail at High Lake, and landed on Tuesday, the 13th, in the afternoon about three o'clock, within a mile and a-haK of Carrickfergus. It is a strange circumstance that

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 120

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Dublin, this is the city King James rode into on Palm Sunday, the 24th of March 1689. He had landed at Kinsale on the 12th of that month, coming from France with about 1800 men, and made his way from Cork to Dublin, where Lord Tyrconnell, whom James had made Lord Lieutenant, and the Catholic people received him with open arms. They saw him as a friend and deliverer, a king who might be equal to the tremendous emergency that had arisen. The display of joy was extraordinary. The streets were lined with soldiers, and the windows were hung with tapestry, and the King rode through on horseback. The Catholic people had suffered long and grievously. They had been driven from their lands with unheard-of cruelty, and those who had taken their possessions were now resolved to hold what they had and resist opposition from whatever quarter it came. James had not afforded his supporters the confidence he might have inspired among men who had bled for their principles. William, his son-in-law, already had an immense following in England, strengthened by a powerful party, and had resolved to make Ireland the battleground where the mighty issue would be decided. Active preparations were under way on both sides. In England, eighteen regiments of foot and four or five of horse were raised for the service of the Prince of Orange, the levies completed in five or six weeks. The Tower of London did not hold sufficient arms for them, and arms had to be sent for to Holland. That army, under the command of Duke Schonberg, sailed on the 8th of August and landed near Carrickfergus on the 13th.

55. Limerick Catholics limited to twenty licensed residents

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1703

    During the Duke of Ormonde's visit to Limerick in July 1703, Catholic citizens hoped for relief but were deceived. An Act of Parliament limited Catholic residents to twenty, each requiring a license for good behaviour from an Orange Mayor. Many Catholics were forced to become Protestants or were banished from the city.

    Read the passage

    During a visit of the Duke of Ormonde, who had arrived in Dublin as Lord Lieutenant in May, 1703, to Limerick, in July following, the Catholic citizens entertained a hope that even he might do something to mitigate the asperity of their cruel lot ; but alas ! they were deceived. A so-called " Cathohc" faction existed and opposed the legitimate interests of the great body of the citizens. An Act of Parliament was passed, that not more than twenty Catholics should be suffered to live in the city, and these twenty were to undergo the humiliation of obtaining Hcenses for their good behaviour from an Orange Mayor. White^ denounces in these terms the monstrous state of things at this time. We give the facts in his own language : —

    " John Vincent was Mayor, and many npstai-ts, strangers, and persons of little repute," says White, " were admitted to be enrolled, and other more considerable Catholic inhabitants were rejected ; whereupon those who were rejected petitioned the Parliament for redress, complaining of the partiahty of the Mayor and Council ; but the imder-named individuals, many of whom," adds White, " had little right to be deemed inhabitants, in order to gain the favour of the Corporation, subscribed to Parliament a certificate, disowning their being concerned in said petition, whereupon the petition of the Catholics was rejected, and many Catholics of this city were thereby necessitated to become Protestants, rather than bo expelled from their business and settlements which they had in town ; and many more, who were more constant in their faith, were banished from the city. The subscribers to this wicked certificate opposing the rest of the Catholics were : — " Drury Wray, Baronet, Thos. Harrold, Aldm., Michl. Creagh, Aldm., Pierse Morony, mercht., William White, mercht., Edmund Skeolan, mercht., Patrick Norris, mercht., Robert Woulfe, mercht., James Creagh FitzAndrew, mercht., John Creagh FitzMichael, mercht., and Thady Quin."3

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 164

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Limerick, the city carries a bitter story from 1703. In May of that year the Duke of Ormonde arrived in Dublin as Lord Lieutenant, and in July he visited Limerick. The Catholic citizens hoped he might ease their harsh circumstances, but they were deceived. A faction calling itself Catholic worked against the interests of the greater body of citizens. An Act of Parliament was passed that no more than twenty Catholics could live in the city. Those twenty had to obtain licenses for good behaviour from an Orange Mayor. John Vincent was Mayor at the time. Many upstarts, strangers, and persons of little repute were admitted to be enrolled, while more considerable Catholic inhabitants were rejected. Those who were rejected petitioned the Parliament for redress, complaining of the partiality of the Mayor and Council. But a group of individuals, many of whom had little right to be called inhabitants, subscribed a certificate to Parliament disowning any connection with the petition, in order to gain favour with the Corporation. The petition of the Catholics was rejected. Many Catholics were thereby forced to become Protestants rather than lose their businesses and settlements in the town. Many more, constant in their faith, were banished from the city. The subscribers to that certificate included Drury Wray, Baronet, Thomas Harrold, Alderman, Michael Creagh, Alderman, Pierse Morony, William White, Edmund Skeolan, Patrick Norris, Robert Woulfe, James Creagh FitzAndrew, John Creagh FitzMichael, and Thady Quin.

56. Limerick Corporation adopts rotatory mayoral system

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1856–1864

    In December 1856, a majority of the Limerick Corporation adopted a 'rotatory system' ensuring a Catholic and Protestant would fill the office of Mayor each alternate year, to secure Dr. Thomas Kane's return. The resolution was rescinded the following year as it produced discord in the council, though not practically abolished until 1864.

    Read the passage

    For the year after (1857) Dr. Thomas Kane was elected, a second time, to the Mayoralty; and on this occasion a proceeding was taken by the Corporation, which deserves notice, from the fact that it was found inoperative almost immediately after its adoption. To insure the return of Dr. Kane, a majority of the Corporation, consisting of twenty -seven members, carried a resolution by which what is termed " the rotatory system" was adopted. By this resolution it was decided that a Catholic and Protestant should fill the office of Mayor each alternate year; a stretch of liberality on the part of the Catholic majority of the Council which has been rarely paralleled in other places, and of which there is no record, or anything approaching to it, where the Protestant party are numerically the stronger. But though the resolution was rescinded the following year, on the ground that it produced anything but harmony in the council, it was not until the year 1864 that it was practically abolished.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 296

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Limerick, there is a brief and unusual chapter in the city's civic history. In 1857, Dr. Thomas Kane was elected to the Mayoralty for a second time. On this occasion, the Corporation took a proceeding that deserves notice, because it was found inoperative almost immediately after its adoption. A majority of the Corporation, 27 members, carried a resolution adopting what they termed the rotatory system. By this resolution, a Catholic and a Protestant would fill the office of Mayor each alternate year. The Catholic majority of the Council called it a stretch of liberality rarely paralleled in other places, and one of which there was no record where the Protestant party were numerically the stronger. The resolution was rescinded the following year, on the ground that it produced anything but harmony in the council. But it was not until 1864 that the rotatory system was practically abolished.

57. Limerick granted city charter by John, Earl of Moreton

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1197

    On 18 December 1197, John, Earl of Moreton, dwelling at Killaloe, granted Limerick a charter elevating it to the honours of a city, with liberties and privileges matching those of Dublin, including the right to elect mayors and bailiffs.

    Read the passage

    1197. In this year, being tlie nintli of Richard I., Limerick obtained a charter to elect mayors and bailiffs. The Arthur and Sexten MSS. say: '* On the 18th of December this year, John, Earl of Moreton, then sole Lord of Ireland, dwelling at the time in Killaloe (in pago Laonensi), bestowed on Limerick, by his charter, the honours of a city, and gave to it the same liberties, immunities, indulgences, and privileges, which he had a short time before granted to the city of Dubhn ; he gave to it the faculty of electing praetors, who are called mayors, and duumvirs, whom they used to call bailiffs, but whom by a more recent charter of King James I., they now call sheriffs". The first royal charter was not granted to Waterford till 1205-6, by King John in the seventh year of his reign; and it was not till 1220, the 5th of Henry III., that a charter was granted to Cork. The 6th of July, first Richard I., 1189, is assigned by some authorities as the date of the grant of mayor and baiHfis to London.' The

    ' Wc learn from Nash's City of London Records, that Alfred, King of the West Saxons, committed the safe custody of London to his son-in-law, Adhern, Earl of Mercia; on his death the whole city reverted to King Edward "the Elder", and remained in his hands and governed by him by " Portgraves" or "Portreeves".

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 396

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Limerick, you pass through a place that became a city by charter in 1197. On the 18th of December that year, John, Earl of Moreton, then sole Lord of Ireland, was dwelling at Killaloe. By his charter, in the words of the Arthur and Sexten manuscripts, he "bestowed on Limerick the honours of a city, and gave to it the same liberties, immunities, indulgences, and privileges which he had a short time before granted to the city of Dublin." He gave Limerick the faculty of electing praetors, who are called mayors, and duumvirs, whom they used to call bailiffs, but whom by a more recent charter of King James I they now call sheriffs. This was the ninth year of Richard I. Waterford did not receive its first royal charter until 1205, the seventh year of King John. Cork waited until 1220, the fifth year of Henry III. Some authorities assign the 6th of July 1189, the first year of Richard I, as the date of the grant of mayor and bailiffs to London.

58. Limerick merchants impeached for victualling Irish rebels

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1537

    During his 1537 stay in Limerick, Lord Deputy Grey impeached several prominent city merchants for treason, accusing them of victualling and maintaining Morrogh O'Brien and other rebels. Stephen Harold, the city Treasurer, had his property confiscated; the other named merchants were imprisoned.

    Read the passage

    Bridge. This Connor O'Brien died in 1539, and was the last of the race of Brian Boroimhe who up to the hour of his death exercised regal functions in the ancient kingdom of Thomond.' During his stay in Limerick, Gray impeached certain of the merchants of the city of treason for \dctualling and maintaining Morogh O'Brien and other " Iryshe Eebels/' Stephen Harold, Treasurer of the city ; Pierce, Walter Edmund and James Harold, merchants, Thomas and Bartholomew Strytch, merchants, and Eobert Lewis, merchant, were among the number. The property of the treasurer (Stephen Harold) was confiscated, the others named were imprisoned, for the Lord Deputy resolved to carry things with a high hand in his deahngs vnth the citizens. 2

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 49

59. Limerick's economic suffering under cattle prohibition bill

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1665–1666

    Limerick suffered terribly as Ireland was deprived of trade with England by prohibitory duties and unable to trade abroad due to lack of shipping and war with France and Holland. A bill prohibiting Irish cattle passed the Commons despite opposition from the Protestant Bishop of Limerick, Dr. W. Fuller, and others.

    Read the passage

    Ireland at this time was in a miserable condition,^ being deprived of the usual trade with England, by prohibitory duties, and disabled from carrying on any abroad, not only on account of want of sliippiug, but of the war with France and Holland. Limerick sufl'ered terribly. A bill for prohibiting Irish cattle, which was opposed by the Protestant Bishop of Limerick, Dr. W. Fuller, by the Honourable Mr. Eobert Boyle, by Sh- W. Petty, Sir Eobert Southwell, who attended the committee, but who were refused a copy or notes of the bill, passed the House of Commons with indecent haste, by a majority of thirteen, though the king was opposed to it ; but as his majesty was greatly in want of money he dared not disoblige his faithfid. Commons. The Lords, however, were not in such a hurry to pass it; the Duke of York and the Lord Chancellor spoke against it, and the king declared publicly more than once, that his conscience would not allow him to give that bill the royal assent.^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 115

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this city carries a wound from 1665. Ireland was in a miserable condition then, deprived of its usual trade with England by prohibitory duties, and unable to trade abroad for want of shipping and because of the war with France and Holland. Limerick suffered terribly. A bill prohibiting Irish cattle was pushed through the House of Commons with indecent haste, by a majority of thirteen, though the king himself was opposed to it. The Protestant Bishop of Limerick, Dr. W. Fuller, opposed the bill, along with the Honourable Mr. Robert Boyle, Sir W. Petty, and Sir Robert Southwell. They attended the committee but were refused a copy or notes of the bill. The king needed money badly and dared not disoblige his faithful Commons. But the Lords were not in such a hurry. The Duke of York and the Lord Chancellor spoke against it, and the king declared publicly, more than once, that his conscience would not allow him to give that bill the royal assent.

60. Lord Grey orders Limerick citizens to break O'Brien's Bridge

    near O'Brien's Bridge · town · Clare

    Lord Leonard Gray wrote urgently to the Mayor and citizens of Limerick, instructing them to bring tools and repair to his camp to break O'Brien's Bridge. He warned they had only three days' victuals and that the king's honour depended on their haste.

    Read the passage

    Trustie and right well beloved we grete you, well, and desire and praye you also neverthelesse in the kyng^s name charge according, our former writing of haster night, you with your companie in all haste, repayre unto us with your pikeaxes, speades, shovels, matokes, axes, and other such engines for the breaking of O'Bryen's Bridge. Yee knoo well wee have but 3 dayes victualls, and cannot sett forth conveniently, till your comying, wherefor make speede with all haste possible, and lett victualls be brought by water. Yee knowe the king^s honor one and all your wealths lyeth uppon this our proceedings at this instant tyme, fayle yee not hereof, as ye intend ever our good will, and for the coiltrary will answer at your pril to the king. From the Carape this morning, Leonard Gray,

    To the Mair of LjTuirke, in hast post haste.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 52