Name: Memoirs of the different rebellions in Ireland, from the arrival of the English : also, a particular detail of that which broke out the XXIIId of May, MDCCXCVIII : with the history of the conspiracy which preceded it (vol. 1)
Author: Richard Musgrave (1745 or 1746–1818)

Protestant clergy driven from homes to Cork city for refuge

Cork · city · Cork · 1786–1787

Right Boy intimidation and terror in County Cork forced many Protestant clergy to flee their houses and seek protection in the city of Cork.

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At lafl, the proteftant clergy in the county of Cork were fo much intimidated by the menaces and infults which they received from them, that many were obliged to fly to the city of Cork for protection. Thefe traitors foon proceeded from one a6t of violence to another, and eftablifhed fuch a fyftem of terror, that landlords were afraid to diftrain for rent, or to fue by civil procefs for money due by note* They took arms from proteftants, and levied money to buy ammunition* They broke open gaols, fet fire to hay and corn, and even to houfes, efpecialiy to thofe occupied by the army. At lalt they had the audacity to threaten the cities of Limerick and Cork, and the town of Ennis, the capital of Clare, with famine ; and took meafures to prevent farmers and fifhermen from conveying fupplies of provifions to them. They proceeded by fuch a regular fyftem, that they eftablifhed kind of poft-office, for com.- munication, by which they conveyed their notices with celerity for the purpofe of forming their meetings, which were frequent and numerous.
This fpirit of riot and infurredlion occafioned the pafling of a law in the year 1787, drawn by the pre-

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

Cork is the city where, in 1786, frightened Protestant clergy from the county came seeking protection. The menaces and insults they had received from the Right Boys grew so relentless that many abandoned their houses and fled here for safety. Those involved moved from one act of violence to the next and established such a system of terror that landlords were afraid to distrain for rent or to sue by civil process for money owed. They took arms from Protestants and levied money to buy ammunition. They broke open gaols, set fire to hay and corn, and even to houses, especially those occupied by the army. They had the audacity to threaten the cities of Limerick and Cork, and the town of Ennis, with famine, and took measures to prevent farmers and fishermen from conveying supplies of provisions to them. They established a kind of post-office for communication, by which they conveyed their notices with celerity for the purpose of forming their meetings, which were frequent and numerous. This spirit of riot and insurrection occasioned the passing of a law in the year 1787.

Protestant passengers imprisoned in Heron's house, Wexford

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

Twenty-six passengers from the Lovely Kitty, mostly women and children, were conveyed to Wexford as prisoners and lodged in the house of Heron the chandler, suffering from fetid air and lack of sleep, though Heron and his wife treated them kindly.

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On Thurfday morning, the thirty-firfl of May, a party of the paffengers, twenty-fix in number, and all women, except fix boys and girls, were conveyed to Wexford as prifoners, and lodged in the houfe of one Heron a chandler, and in a very fmall room, where they had but one fmall pallet-bed to repofe on, and where they fuffered much from fetid air, bad food, and the want of fleep.
Heron and his wife were very kind to them, though the rebels conftantly threatened that they would demolifh their houfe, if they entertained orangemen or orangewomen, and they often fearched the houfe for the former.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 285

As the companion tells it

Wexford town, 1798. On Thursday the 31st of May, twenty-six passengers from the Lovely Kitty were brought here as prisoners. All were women, except six boys and girls. They were lodged in the house of a chandler named Heron, in a very small room with only one small pallet-bed. They suffered much from fetid air, bad food, and the want of sleep. Heron and his wife were very kind to them, though the rebels constantly threatened to demolish their house if they entertained orangemen or orangewomen, and often searched the house for the former.

Protestant prisoners marched from Gorey to Wexford gaol, stripped and capped

Gorey · town · Wexford · 1798

On 14 June 1798, a number of Protestant prisoners were marched from Gorey to Wexford gaol; the rebels stripped them almost naked and put pitched caps on their heads before leaving Gorey, while houses in Wexford were hung with green emblems as the mob cheered.

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A number of pro*tefl:ant prifoners were miarched from Gorey, and committed to the gaol of Wexford, on the fourteenth day of June. As they marched through the town, the houfes were hung with green emblems, and the mob expreifed their favage joy by fliouting aloud. The rebels flripped the prifoners almofl naked, and put pitched caps on their heads before they left Gorey.
The reverend Rog^r Owen, a proteltant clergyman and redor of Camolin, was among them, without flioes, and having a little ragged jacket. *

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 300

As the companion tells it

Through Gorey, in 1798, Protestant prisoners were marched on the fourteenth of June. Before they left the town, the rebels stripped them almost naked and put pitched caps on their heads. They were committed to the gaol of Wexford. As they marched through Wexford, the houses were hung with green emblems, and the mob expressed their savage joy by shouting aloud. Among them was the Reverend Roger Owen, rector of Camolin, without shoes, with a little ragged jacket.

Protestants flee for protection to Tullow, Dunlavin and Baltinglass

Tullow · town · Carlow · 1798

A hundred protestants of the parish of Donoughmore fled for protection to Tullow, Dunlavin, and Baltinglass, afraid to return home due to threats from their popish neighbours.

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A hundred proteftants of thait parifli fled for proteQion to Tullow, * Dunlavin, and Bahinglafs ; f and were afraid to return to their refpedtive homes, in confequence of the threats and denunciations of their popifli neighbours.
All the proteftant houfes at each fide of the road from Baltinglafs to Hacketftown, from Hacketftov/a to Rathdrum, and from Rathdrum to Bleflington, were burnt ; but the property of a Roman catholick did not receive the fmxalleft injury in that extenfive trad:. On Wednefday the twenty-fifth of July, they burned all the proteftant houfes, fixty in number, between Rathvilly and Kacketftov/n. This defolating fpirit was very much encouraged by the refufal of the general officers to aflift the civil magiftrates with troops to prevent it.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 208

As the companion tells it

In 1798, a hundred Protestants of the parish of Donoughmore fled for protection to Tullow, Dunlavin, and Baltinglass. They were afraid to return to their homes because of threats from their popish neighbours. Protestant houses along the road from Baltinglass to Hacketstown, from Hacketstown to Rathdrum, and from Rathdrum to Blessington were all burned. The property of a Roman Catholic did not receive the smallest injury in that extensive tract. On Wednesday the 25th of July, they burned all the Protestant houses, 60 in number, between Rathvilly and Hacketstown. This desolating spirit was very much encouraged by the refusal of the general officers to assist the civil magistrates with troops to prevent it.

Rebel attack on Ross town and defence of the main-guard

Ross · townland · Clare · 1798

A confessed rebel described entering Ross by Neville-street and Mary-street during the attack ordered by general Harvey to burn the town, but was repelled at the main-guard, bravely defended by serjeant Hamilton with two ship-guns and sixteen men.

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Agreeable to the proclamation iiTued by government, offering pardon to fuch repentant rebels as jhould take oaths of allegiance, and furrender their arms, Mr. Tottenham, the proprietor of Rofs, and other magiflrates^ continued in the months of July and Augufl to extend the benefit of it to great numbers of that defcription, who carried in a few bad pikes and muikets, merely for the purpofe of obtaining protections ; from which, and from fubfequent events, it was unqueftionable that they harboured their rebeUious defigns as ftrongly as ever. But what f.gnihed oaths to fuch wretches, when the multitude had been guilty of the moft flagrant violation of them ? None of them would confefs the nam.es of their officers, except fuch of them as had been killed or hanged. One fanguinary ruffian was very candid in his confeflion ; he faid, that general Harvey ordered him to attack and burn the town of Rofs ; that he fired a great many (hots, and never without effect ; that he entered Rofs by Neville-flreet and Mary-llreet, but could not proceed farther than the main-guard. That poff had been bravely defended by ferjeant Hamilton of the Donegal regiment, with two fhip-guns, and fixteen men, who never abandoned their poll. Mr. I'ottenham alked this intrepid rebel, " Whether he would have fired at him, if he had feen him ? and he anfwered, that he would have been very proud to have had him under his eye. He afked him alfo how many he had killed ? to which he repHed, that he could not tell, as he had taken his ammunition out of a pouch ; but

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 268

As the companion tells it

Close to Ross, in 1798, a rebel attack on the town was ordered and repelled at the main-guard. After the rising, the government offered pardon to rebels who took oaths of allegiance and surrendered their arms. Mr. Tottenham, the proprietor of Ross, and other magistrates extended that pardon in July and August to great numbers, who carried in a few bad pikes and muskets, merely to obtain protections. From what followed, it was clear they held their designs as strongly as ever. None would confess the names of their officers, except those already killed or hanged. One rebel was candid in his confession. He said that General Harvey ordered him to attack and burn the town of Ross. He fired a great many shots, and never without effect. He entered Ross by Neville-street and Mary-street, but could not proceed farther than the main-guard. That post had been bravely defended by Serjeant Hamilton of the Donegal regiment, with two ship-guns and sixteen men, who never abandoned their post. Mr. Tottenham asked this rebel whether he would have fired at him, if he had seen him. The man answered that he would have been very proud to have had him under his eye. Tottenham asked him also how many he had killed. He replied that he could not tell, as he had taken his ammunition out of a pouch.

Rebel forces massed near Rathcoole intending to surprise the garrison

Rathcoole · town · Dublin · 1798

Officers learned that on the night of the poisoning, roads, fields and ditches near Rathcoole were crowded with armed men who dispersed when the bakers were shot and reinforcements arrived from Dublin, Tallaght and Hazelhatch.

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Next day the officers of the Angusfliire regiment . were well informed that the roads, fields, and ditches near Rathcool, were crowded on the preceding night with men well armed, and that they difperfed when the bakers were fhot, and reinforcements came from Dublin, Tallagh, and Hazel Hatch, They intended to have furprifed the garrifon, when debilitated by poifon.
Some of the bread which had produced fuch dreadful effeds in thofe who had eaten of it, was given to a cat and a dog, and they died of it. Some hours after the baker and his boy were fhot, his houfe was fearched, and a paper, containing two ounces of yellow arfenick, was found in his bake- «

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 186

As the companion tells it

Rathcoole is the town you are passing near. In 1798, officers of the Angusfhire regiment learned that on the night of the poisoning, the roads, fields, and ditches near Rathcoole were crowded with armed men. They intended to surprise the garrison when it was debilitated by poison. The men dispersed when the bakers were shot and reinforcements arrived from Dublin, Tallaght, and Hazelhatch. Some of the bread that had produced such dreadful effects in those who had eaten it was given to a cat and a dog, and they died. Some hours after the baker and his boy were shot, his house was searched. A paper containing two ounces of yellow arsenic was found in his bakehouse.

Rebel insurrection at Kildare after surrender of arms

Kildare · town · Kildare · 1798

Despite days of surrendering arms and taking oaths of allegiance, the inhabitants of Kildare rang the market bell as a signal for general insurrection after the king's troops left, and about two thousand rebels marched in and seized baggage and weapons.

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In about an hour after the king's troops had left the town, the inhabitants rung the market-bell, as a fignal for a general infurrection, which accordingly took place.
About two thoufand f rebels, headed by one Roger Mc, Garry, marched into the town, and feized all the officers* baggage and the camp equipage, which had been lodged in the guard-houfe, and a confiderable quantiiy of pikes and fire-arms, which they had furrendered a few days before, a .proof of their fmcerity to renounce their treafonable dellgns, which they promifed by oath to do. The proteflant inhabitants, fearing that they fhould be

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 166

As the companion tells it

The road passes near Kildare. In 1798, the people here had surrendered their arms a few days before and sworn an oath to renounce treason. But about an hour after the king's troops left the town, the inhabitants rang the market bell as a signal for a general insurrection. About 2,000 rebels, headed by one Roger McGarry, marched in and seized all the officers' baggage and camp equipage from the guardhouse, and a considerable quantity of pikes and firearms, the very weapons they had surrendered days before. The Protestant inhabitants feared what would follow.

Rebels assemble at Fox and Geese common near Clondalkin

near Clondalkin · town · Dublin · 1798

A numerous body of rebels, led by Ledwich, Wade, Edward Keogh and James Byrne, were to assemble at the Fox and Geese common near Clondalkin before proceeding to Dublin to join a general insurrection.

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Edward Keogh and James Byrne, all of the fame perfuafion, and in very good circumftances. They proceeded to the Fox and Geefe common near Clondalkin, where a numerous body of rebels jwere to have affembled, and to have proceeded thence to Dublin, for the purpofe of co-operating with its difaffected inhabitants, in a general infurredion.
The corps of yeomanry, at their return to Rathfarnham, having difcovered that the rebels had rifen, immediately fent intelligence of it to the viceroy, who communicated it to the lord mayor, and to the principal civil and military officers in the metropolis, and ordered them to take the mofl decifive and vigorous meafures to defeat the malignant defigns of the infurgents.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 142

As the companion tells it

Near Clondalkin, in 1798, rebels gathered at a place called Fox and Geese common. Edward Keogh and James Byrne were among the leaders, along with Ledwich and Wade. They were men in good circumstances, and the plan was clear. A numerous body of rebels was to assemble there, then march on Dublin, where they would join with its disaffected inhabitants in a general insurrection. The rising was discovered when a corps of yeomanry, returning to Rathfarnham, found the rebels had risen. They sent word to the viceroy at once. The viceroy passed the intelligence to the lord mayor and to the principal civil and military officers in the city, and ordered them to take the most decisive and vigorous measures to defeat the insurgents' designs.

Rebel siege at Downings, the house of Mrs Bonynge

Downings · parish · Kildare · 1798

A deserter named Dunn led a party of rebels to Downings, the house of Mrs Bonynge near Prosperous, demanding the surrender of Mr Johnston and later Mr Stamers. Mrs Bonynge hid Stamers, but he eventually surrendered himself to spare the house and was later shot in the town.

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The attack on Dow^nings, the houfe of Mrs. Bonynge, about half a mile from Profperous, was attended with circumflances of brutal ferocity. One Dunn, a deferter from the Clane corps, galloped up
to

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 161

As the companion tells it

Downings parish in Kildare saw a brutal attack in 1798. Dunn, a deserter from the Clane corps, led rebels to the house of Mrs Bonynge near Prosperous. They demanded the surrender of Mr Johnston and later Mr Stamers. Mrs Bonynge hid Stamers, but he gave himself up to spare the house and was later shot in the town.

Rebels surrender arms to General Dundas at Castlemartin

Castlemartin · townland · Kildare · 1798

For weeks before 23 May, rebels around Kilcullen took oaths of allegiance and surrendered between ten and fifteen thousand pikes and muskets to General Dundas, who resided at Castlemartin near Kilcullen-bridge.

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For a fortnight or three weeks • pre-vious to the twenty-third of May, the rebels continued to take oaths of allegiance, and to obtain protections, in conlequence of having furrendered pikes and mulkets, which they did to the number of between ten and fifteen thoufand, to general Dundas, who refided at Calllemartin, within half a^ mile of Kilcullen-bridge. In confequence of this, the civil ' magiftrates, and the officers, were thoroughly convinced that the dif- ^ffeCled had completely renounced their rebellious uefigns.
A pcrfon

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 170

As the companion tells it

Close to Castlemartin, in the weeks before the 23rd of May, 1798, rebels took oaths of allegiance and gave up their pikes and muskets, somewhere between 10 and 15 thousand of them, to General Dundas, who was living near Kilcullen-bridge. The magistrates and officers were satisfied the disaffected had given up their designs.

Retaliatory executions ordered after the defeat at Ross

Ross · townland · Clare · 1798

After the rebel defeat at Ross, vengeance against protestants intensified in Scullabogue, Vinegar Hill, and Wexford; fifteen prisoners from Wexford and ten from Enniscorthy gaol were ordered out for execution in revenge.

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The defeat of the rebels at Rofs fublimated their vengeance againft protefiants in mod parts of the county, but particularly at Scullabogue, Vinegar-hill, and Wexford. Charles Jackion tells us, that on the day it was announced, fifteen of the Wexford, and ten of the Ennifcorthy people, were ordered out of the gaol, to revenge the lofs which the rebels had fuftained at Rofs. He fays, " When this notice was given, Lran into my cell, got upon my knees in a dark corner, and pulled fome ftraw over me ; but a man of the name of Frendergaft * came in, and drew me out, uttering fhocking threats againlt me. He dragged m.e into the yard, where 1 found my unhappy comrades on their knees. One of them,
who

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 293

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, at Ross, rebels were defeated in 1798. That defeat intensified vengeance against Protestants across much of the county, particularly at Scullabogue, Vinegar Hill, and Wexford. Charles Jackson tells us that on the day the defeat was announced, fifteen of the Wexford people and ten of the Enniscorthy people were ordered out of the gaol to revenge the losses the rebels had sustained at Ross. Jackson said, "I ran into my cell, got upon my knees in a dark corner, and pulled some straw over me; but a man of the name of Frendergast came in, and drew me out, uttering shocking threats against me." He was dragged into the yard, where he found his unhappy comrades on their knees.

Retreat to Arklow and repulse of rebel attack

Arklow · town · Wicklow · 1798

On hearing of the defeat at Oulart, the Gorey garrison retreated to Arklow with fleeing protestants; on 30 May the garrison, having returned to Gorey, repulsed a large rebel attack on the town.

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On Tuefday the tw^enty -ninth of May, major Hardy, t^-ho commanded at Arklow, ordered the garrifcn to return to Gorey ; by which they gained fome fame^ and rendered the moll important fervice, in repulfmg a numerous body of rebels who attacked that town on the thirtieth of May,
The murder of the reverend Francis Turner of Ballingale,* about three miles from Ferns, and rector of Edermine, was attended with circumftances of peculiar atrocity. On the morning of Whitfunday, a party of about three hundred aflallms, headed by Denis Carthy and James Maher, fet out from the houfe of William Carthy of Ballycarney,t uncle of the former, and declared their intention of putting him to death in the prefence of Mrs. Carthy, who endeavoured to dilTuade them from it, affirming that Mr-, Turner was univerfally efteeraed and refpected. The houfe was defended for fome time by him, and eight of his proteftant parifliioners, who had fought an afylum in it. Mr. Turner, foon after the attack was made, received a fnot in his jaw, which entirely difabled him from attending to the defence of his houfe. As it was double, and the alTailants feemeJ to direct all their fury againfL its front, the befieged, after the death of Mr. Turner, paid no attention to the rear, into which the rebels entered, having been admitted, it is faid, by the treachery of the butler.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 223

As the companion tells it

The town of Arklow, in Wicklow, became a refuge in 1798. After the defeat at Oulart, the Gorey garrison retreated to Arklow with fleeing Protestants. On Tuesday the 29th of May, Major Hardy, who commanded at Arklow, ordered the garrison to return to Gorey. By this move they gained fame and rendered important service, repulsing a numerous body of rebels who attacked that town on the 30th of May. Near the same time, the Reverend Francis Turner of Ballingale, about three miles from Ferns, and rector of Edermine, was murdered. On the morning of Whit Sunday, a party of about 300 assassins, headed by Denis Carthy and James Maher, set out from the house of William Carthy of Ballycarney, uncle of the former, and declared their intention of putting him to death in the presence of Mrs. Carthy. She tried to dissuade them, affirming that Mr. Turner was universally esteemed and respected. The house was defended for some time by him and eight of his Protestant parishioners, who had sought asylum in it. Mr. Turner soon received a shot in his jaw, disabling him from the defence. The house was double, and the assailants directed their fury at the front. After Mr. Turner's death, the besieged paid no attention to the rear. The rebels entered there, admitted, it is said, by the treachery of the butler.

Schoolmaster Cunny caught administering defenders' oath near Letterkenny

Letterkenny · town · Donegal · 1795

Early in 1795, a schoolmaster named Cunny was detected near Letterkenny administering the defenders' oath. He confessed his crime and convicted some of his accomplices.

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Early in the year 1795, one Cunny, a fchoolmafter, was detected near Letterkenny, in the county of Donegal, in the a(£l of adminiltering the defenders oath. He acknowledged his crime, and convided fome of his accomplices. The purport of the oath was, to emancipate the Roman catholicks to aflifl the French, and to extirpate the proteftants ; and it inculcated fobriety, fecrefy and obedience to their committees in all things. It contained an oath of allegiance to the king, as long as he lives. Some fuch mental refervation appeared in all oaths adminiiiered by the defenders ; which was conllrued thus (by Weldon, a defender, executed in the year 1796,) to fuch perfons as he fwore : '"If the king's head were oflF "to-morrow, there would be an end of your oath." This mental refervation was couched in the following words in the oaths adminiftered in other places : "As long as I live fubjedl to the fame government which appeared in the oath found upon Sharky, at Drumbanagher, in the county of Armagh, in the year 1789; but they meant to get rid of their oath by renouncing and overturning the government, which appeared afterwards to have been the object of all the defenders.
At the foot of the oath found upon Cunny, there was a tree of liberty, and a crofs marked thus, R.+C. meaning Roman catholick.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 92

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Letterkenny, in Donegal. In early 1795, a schoolmaster named Cunny was caught here administering the defenders' oath. He acknowledged his crime and convicted some of his accomplices. The oath was to emancipate the Roman Catholics, to assist the French, and to extirpate the Protestants. It inculcated sobriety, secrecy, and obedience to their committees in all things. It contained an oath of allegiance to the king, as long as he lives. Such mental reservation appeared in all oaths administered by the defenders. It was construed thus by Weldon, a defender executed in 1796, to such persons as he swore: "If the king's head were off to-morrow, there would be an end of your oath." The same reservation was couched in the following words in oaths administered in other places: "As long as I live subject to the same government." Those words appeared in the oath found upon Sharky at Drumbanagher, in the county of Armagh, in 1789. The defenders meant to get rid of their oath by renouncing and overturning the government, which appeared afterwards to have been the object of all of them. At the foot of the oath found upon Cunny, there was a tree of liberty, and a cross marked R.+C., meaning Roman Catholic.

Second rebel charge into Clane repulsed by volley

Clane · town · Kildare · 1798

A party of rebels mounted on horses and equipped with arms of the Ancient Britons made a charge into Clane town, but a single volley brought down six or seven of them, and the rest fled to shelter behind approaching rebel infantry from Prosperous.

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At his return to Clane, about five in the morning, he heard of the carnage at Profperous. On muftering the guard, he found his fecond Heutenant, a ferjeant and feventeen privates, one of whom was leverely wounded ; the other three had deferted with their own arms, and thofe belonging to other yeomen of his troop. He had hardly time to draw up the yeomen and militia in the ftreet, when a party of rebels, mounted on the horfes and furnifhed with the arms and accoutrements of the Ancient Britons, made a charge into the town. By one volley they brought down fix or feven of them ; the remainder fled precipitately, and took fhelter behind a flrong party of rebel infantry, which were approaching from Profperous, and which made a formidable appearance, not fo much from their numbers, though confiderable, as from the brightnefs of their arms, and the fcarlet coats and helmets of which they had plundered the foldiers at Profperous.
As they were not flrong enough to attack fo numerous a party, and thinking it difhonourable to retreat, the captain, in concurrence with the mihtia officers, refolved to take poll on an elevated fpot near the Commons, where they could not be furrounded or out-flanked ; and there they waited for the enemy, who began a fmart fire on them, but without efFe^l, as the elevation was too great. Our troops, having returned the fire, killed and wounded a confiderable number of them, on which they fled in great difrnay, and were charged by the captain and his fixteen yeomen, who cut down many of thofe whofe heads were ornamented with the helmets of the Ancient Britons, or the hats of the Cork regiments. In their flight, they dropped a great quantity of pikes, pitch-forks, mufkets and fabres.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 163

As the companion tells it

Clane, in 1798, saw a sharp and brief fight in its streets. A captain had returned to the town about 5 in the morning and learned of the carnage at Prosperous. He mustered his guard and found his second lieutenant, a sergeant, and 17 privates, one of them severely wounded. Three had deserted, taking their own arms and those belonging to other yeomen of his troop. He had hardly time to draw up the yeomen and militia in the street when a party of rebels, mounted on the horses and furnished with the arms and accoutrements of the Ancient Britons, made a charge into the town. By one volley they brought down 6 or 7 of them. The remainder fled precipitately and took shelter behind a strong party of rebel infantry approaching from Prosperous, which made a formidable appearance, not so much from their numbers, though considerable, as from the brightness of their arms, and the scarlet coats and helmets of which they had plundered the soldiers at Prosperous. As they were not strong enough to attack so numerous a party, and thinking it dishonourable to retreat, the captain, in concurrence with the militia officers, resolved to take post on an elevated spot near the Commons, where they could not be surrounded or outflanked. There they waited for the enemy, who began a smart fire on them, but without effect, as the elevation was too great. The troops, having returned the fire, killed and wounded a considerable number of them, on which they fled in great dismay, and were charged by the captain and his 16 yeomen, who cut down many of those whose heads were ornamented with the helmets of the Ancient Britons, or the hats of the Cork regiments. In their flight, they dropped a great quantity of pikes, pitchforks, muskets and sabres.

Skirmish Near Wexford and Retreat to Gorey

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

Captain White's yeoman cavalry, outnumbered by around 4,000 rebels while armed with only pistols and sabres, pursued the rebel party within six miles of Wexford before being forced to retreat toward Gorey.

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tJould eafily do, as their deftrudllve progrefs was marked by the houfes of proteflants in a ftate of conflagration. He ordered fome of the flragglers whom he found in arms to be put to death. One of them, whofe Hfe was faved, confefled to captain White, that the party whom they purfued was headed by the reverend John Murphy, of the parifh of Kilcormuck ; that they were determined to burn the houfe, and take the life of every proteftant that came in their way y that the inhabitants of the country for fome miles round were to aflemble that night at Oulart,, and were to plunder and burn all the proteftant houfes that occurred in their way thither. Captain White's party purfued the rebels within fix miles, of Wexford, in hopes of being able to engage them ^ but when they were within a mufket fhot of them they halted, and faced about to give them battle ; at the fame time a party of them formed at each fide of the road, with a view of furrounding them. The rebels amounted to about four thoufand, and the yeomen cavalry, who were armed only with piftols and fabres, did not exceed eighty ; and as they were enclofed in a narrow road, where they could not aci:^ captain White very prudently ordered them to retreat. He then recommended to his yeomen to get their families into Gorey* as faft as poffible.
He accompanied Mr. D'Arcy, a member of his corps, within a mile of Ballynahown,| his country feat, and advifed him to fend his mother, a venerable old lady, into that town, to efcape the favage fury of the rebels ; but before he could effect it, he was ihot near his houfe, by a rebel of the name of Whelan, who was attached to father John Murphy, as his aidde-camp.f This young gentleman was poflefTed oi a large eftate, and had very honourable connexions, as his mother is aunt to the marquis of Ely, ami

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 220

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you near Wexford, this is the country where, in 1798, Captain White's yeoman cavalry pursued a rebel party that had been burning Protestant houses. Their destructive progress was marked by Protestant houses in conflagration. White ordered some stragglers he found in arms to be put to death. One whose life was spared confessed that the party they pursued was headed by the Reverend John Murphy of the parish of Kilcormuck. They were determined to burn every house and take the life of every Protestant in their way, and that inhabitants for miles round were to assemble that night at Oulart, plundering and burning Protestant houses on their way thither. White's party pursued the rebels within six miles of Wexford, hoping to engage them. But when they were within musket shot, the rebels halted and faced about to give battle. At the same time, parties of rebels formed at each side of the road to surround them. The rebels numbered about 4,000. The yeomen cavalry, armed only with pistols and sabres, did not exceed 80. Enclosed in a narrow road where they could not act, Captain White prudently ordered retreat. He then recommended his yeomen get their families into Gorey as fast as possible. He accompanied Mr. D'Arcy, a member of his corps, within a mile of Ballynahown, his country seat, and advised him to send his mother, a venerable old lady, into that town to escape the fury of the rebels. But before he could effect it, D'Arcy was shot near his house by a rebel named Whelan, attached to Father John Murphy as his aide-de-camp. D'Arcy was a young gentleman possessed of a large estate, with honourable connections, his mother being aunt to the Marquis of Ely.

Trustees report the Barclay massacre to Bishop of Dromore

near Forkill · parish · Armagh · 1791

Trustees of the Forkhill charity wrote from Forkhill Lodge in February 1791 reporting a horrid outrage against schoolmaster Barclay and recommending establishment of a barrack at Forkhill for a company of foot to restore peace.

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My lord, Forkhill Lodge, ill Feb. 1791. We, whofe names are hereunto fubfcribed, having alTembied at Forkhill, purfuant to act of parliament, to fuperintend the execution of the charities of the late Mr. Jackfon, are much concerned to acquaint your lordfhip, that a mod horrid outrage was committed on Friday lafi:, on the peribn of one Barclay, one of the fchool-mafters appointed by us, in this parifh, (the particulars of which we enclofe to your lordfhip,) in confequence of which, we think it abfolutely necefiary to fufpend all operations of the charity, until the opinion of a general board can be had, which we requefl your lordfhip will fummon with all convenient fpeed, and take fuch further fleps as the circumflances may require. We beg leave to remind your lordfhip, that at the laft general board, it was unanimoufly refolved, that the eflablifhmcnt of a barrack * at Forkhill, for a company of foot, would be of general utility, and that your lordfhip agreed to recommend it to the lord Heutenant. The late event fhews the expediency of fuch an eflablifhmcnt ; and we greatly fear, that if fome means are not immediately ufed to reftore the peace of the countrv, the obje^ls of the charity can never be fulfilled.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

The parish of Forkill was the scene of a disturbing event in February 1791. Trustees who had gathered at Forkhill Lodge wrote to the Bishop of Dromore with alarming news. They had assembled under an act of parliament to oversee the charities of the late Mr. Jackson, but their work was interrupted. On the Friday before they wrote, a most horrid outrage was committed on the person of Barclay, one of the schoolmasters they had appointed in the parish. The trustees enclosed the particulars of the attack to the bishop. They felt it absolutely necessary to suspend all operations of the charity until a general board could be summoned. They asked the bishop to call that board with all convenient speed and take whatever further steps the circumstances required. The trustees also reminded the bishop that at the last general board, it had been unanimously resolved that establishing a barrack at Forkhill for a company of foot would be of general utility, and the bishop had agreed to recommend it to the lord lieutenant. The attack on Barclay showed the expediency of such a barracks. The trustees feared that if some means were not immediately used to restore the peace of the country, the objects of the charity could never be fulfilled.

White Boys swear oath in Clonmel to assassinate the Earl of Carrick

Clonmel · town · Tipperary

According to the examination of David Landregin, a party of White Boys took a solemn oath in the town of Clonmel to assassinate the earl of Carrick and other gentlemen who had actively opposed them.

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Landregm, (Appendix, No. I. 2.) that a party, of white boys took a folemn oath, in the town of Cloninel, to alTaffinate the earl of Carrick and the other gentlemen.
As Mr. Edmund Burke, who always ihewed a decided attachment to popery, manifelted it for the firfl time on this occafion, I fhall, in touching on it, felate a few of the early circumflances of his life.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Clonmel is a town the road passes through. According to the examination of David Landregin, a party of White Boys took a solemn oath here to assassinate the earl of Carrick and other gentlemen who had opposed them.

William Byrne of Ballymanus, rebel captain, executed

Ballymanus · townland · Wicklow · 1798

William Byrne of Ballymanus, a rebel captain and member of the Wicklow yeomanry, refused to take the test oath and quit the corps; he was afterwards hanged for having been an active rebel leader.

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William Byrne of Ballymanus, a rebel captain, and a member of the Wicklow yeomanry, having refufed to take the oath, quitted it. He was afterwards hanged, for having been an adive rebel leader.
Some time previous to the rebellion, and during Its exiftence, many proteftants were murdered, with horrid circumftances cf barbarity. The magiftratcs • and gentry of the country, by frequent addreffes, endeavoured to recal the people to a fenfe of their duty ; and offered large rewards for the difcovery of iuch atrocities.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 200

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here lived William Byrne of Ballymanus. He was a rebel captain, and also a member of the Wicklow yeomanry. He refused to take the oath and quitted the corps. He was afterwards hanged, for having been an active rebel leader. The year was 1798. A man caught between two sides, who would not swear the loyalty asked of him, and paid for it with his life.

Armstrong Disperses Rebels near Ashbourne and Lucan

near Lucan · town · Dublin · 1798

Lieutenant Armstrong dispersed a party of rebels near Ashbourne (Esker), capturing two leaders named Geraghty, and dispersed another body near Lucan headed by one Daly after receiving heavy fire.

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Soon after they fet out to return home ; and the dragoons having left them, the rebels, perceiving the diminution of their numbers, purfued them as far as Clonee-bridge, where the highlanders under lieutenant Armftrong difplayed prodigies of valour ; fix of them having been killed in attempting to flop the progrefs of the rebels. Previous to this, lieutenant Armftrong had difperfed a party of them near Efear, and had taken two of their leaders, of the name of Geraghty ; and he had difperfed another body near Lucan, headed by one Daly, the greater part of whom he had killed or taken prifoners, after having received a warm and well-direded fire from them.
On the fame day, they murdered fix of the Angus fencibles, who were guarding the baggage of that regiment, and were on their route to Dublin.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 154

As the companion tells it

Lucan saw its share of the fighting in 1798. Lieutenant Armstrong, commanding a party of highlanders, had already dispersed a body of rebels near Esker and taken two of their leaders, both named Geraghty. He then encountered another body of rebels near Lucan, headed by one Daly. The rebels gave Armstrong's men what the record calls a warm and well-directed fire. Armstrong recovered from that fire and dispersed them, killing or taking prisoner the greater part of Daly's men. That same day, rebels murdered six of the Angus fencibles who were guarding their regiment's baggage on the road to Dublin.

Attack on the house of Mr. John Christian at Monasterevin

Monasterevin · town · Kildare · 1798

As rebels entered Monasterevin, they attacked and nearly broke into the house of Mr. John Christian, intending to murder him, his family, and guests Charles Bowen and his lady, all Protestants, but were driven off by yeomen fire.

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When the rebels were entering the town of Monaftereven, they attacked, and were on the point of breaking into the houfe of Mr. John Chriftian, with a defign of murdering him, his family, Charles Bowen, efquire, and his lady, Mr. and Mrs, Chriftian
X 2 and /

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 167

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Monasterevin, this is a town that saw violence in 1798. When rebels entered the town, they attacked the house of Mr. John Christian, on the point of breaking in with intent to murder him, his family, and guests Charles Bowen and his lady. Yeomen fire drove them off.

Bannow corps mustered at Carrig to oppose naval attack

Bannow · townland · Wexford · 1798

While celebrating mass at Carrig on a Sunday, father Murphy heard cannon fire and ordered his congregation, the Bannow corps, to march to Bannow to oppose gun-boats sent to destroy rebel stores at Fethard.

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Vv^hile this falfe prophet was celebrating mafs at Carrig, on a Sunday during the rebellion, he heard the report of a cannon ; on which his congregation, known by the nam.e of the Bannow corps, w^ere immediately under arlns, and by his order proceeded in great force to Bannow, to oppofe fome gun-boats, and a revenue-cutter, fent into the bay of Fethard, * to deftroy fome boats and the ftores of a Mr. Lynn there, containing a great quantity of malt, vvhich the rebels were taking away to brew for their camps. This reverend gentleman foon followed his troops, and drew them up with fome fdll on the beach of that place, at a Ihort diftance from Fethard, on which the gun-boats were then firing ; and it is faid by perfons of veracity, who were forced into the rebel ranks that day, that Murphy ordered a number of women to m.arch from his chapel, and join the rebel troops with hats on, that they might afruuie the femblance of men, in order to intimidcrte the failors by their numbers. The gun-boats fucceedcd • in deftroying fome hlhing-fmacks j but as the fire
which

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 267

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1798, the Bannow corps answered a call to arms while still at prayer. Father Murphy was celebrating mass at Carrig on a Sunday during the rebellion when he heard the report of a cannon. His congregation, known as the Bannow corps, were immediately under arms, and by his order they proceeded in great force to Bannow. They came to oppose gun-boats and a revenue-cutter sent into the bay of Fethard to destroy boats and the stores of a Mr. Lynn there, which held a great quantity of malt the rebels were taking away to brew for their camps. Murphy soon followed his troops and drew them up on the beach at a short distance from Fethard, where the gun-boats were firing. Persons of veracity, forced into the rebel ranks that day, said Murphy ordered a number of women to march from his chapel and join the troops with hats on, to assume the semblance of men and intimidate the sailors by their numbers. The gun-boats succeeded in destroying some fishing-smacks.

Battle of Arklow: Rebel Column Formation and Attack

Arklow · town · Wicklow · 1798

At the battle of Arklow, rebels formed a great circular line from the Gorey road to the sand-banks, deploying columns to attack both ends of the town, with cannon positioned on hills; William Byrne's trial proved they mustered thirty-one thousand men before leaving Gorey.

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On the trial of William Byrne, a rebel leader, it was proved, that they muftered t)iirty-one thoufand men before they left Gorey. In their march they plundered the houfes of all proteftants of every thing valuable, and put in flricl requifition all the fpirits and proviiions that could be j'uppiicd. Under the
influence

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 278

As the companion tells it

Arklow, in 1798. William Byrne was a rebel leader. At his trial it was proved they mustered 31,000 men before they left Gorey. In their march they plundered the houses of all Protestants of everything valuable, and put in strict requisition all the spirits and provisions that could be supplied.

Burning of Robinson's house and Courtown

Donadea · townland · Kildare · 1798

Rebels burned the house of Joseph Robinson, a Protestant constable and clerk of Donadea parish church, then the barrack, and afterwards Courtown, the seat of lieutenant Aylmer, vowing to burn every Protestant's house.

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The papifts in captain, Jones's corps retired to their refpedive houfes, in the fame manner, without being molefted by the enemy. The rebels then burned the houfe of Jofeph Robinfon, a proteftant, an. adive conftable, and clerk of the parifli church of Donadea^ then the barrack, and afterwards Courtown, the feat of lieutenant Aylmer ; fwearing at the fame time^ that they would burn the houfe of every bloody proteftant. They afterwards proceeded to Donadea, to. burn the houfe of fir Fenton Aylmer, but were di-- verted from doing fo, by being informed that their own friends had lodged many valuable articles in it for fafe cuftody ; and they gave orders to have tkera removed, that they might execute their malignant purpofe. But having been engaged in fome other enterprife, they fortunately forgot it.
Nicholas Newenham, one of fir Fenton^s videts at Kilcock, having, from exceffive zeal,, advanced toofar, v/as taken prifoner by the rebels, and was a witnefs of the deftru£tion of his father's houfe, clofe to Donadea, which they burnt, becaufe he was a proteftant ; for they publickly announced their determination to deftroy the property of every perfou of that perfuafion.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 179

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1798, rebels went from house to house burning the property of Protestants. They started with the house of Joseph Robinson, a Protestant, an active constable, and clerk of the parish church. Then they burned the barrack, and afterwards Courtown, the seat of Lieutenant Aylmer. As they burned, they swore at the same time that they would burn the house of every "bloody Protestant." They then set out to burn the house of Sir Fenton Aylmer. But they learned that their own friends had stored valuable articles inside for safe keeping. They ordered the goods removed so they could carry out their purpose. Yet they got caught up in some other enterprise and forgot, and the house was saved. Nicholas Newenham, one of Sir Fenton's vedettes at Kilcock, had advanced too far out of excessive zeal and was taken prisoner by the rebels. He witnessed the burning of his father's house, nearby, because he was a Protestant. The rebels had publicly announced their determination to destroy the property of every person of that persuasion.

Catholics near Belturbet deterred by loyal Protestants

Belturbet · town · Cavan · 1798

Roman Catholics in the vicinity of Belturbet, County Cavan, showed a disposition to rise and join the French, but the numerous, loyal, and well-armed Protestants organized in Orange lodges deterred them from ever appearing in that neighbourhood.

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When the French were at Colooney, and fliewed an intention of marching towards the metropolis, the Roman catholicks in the vicinity of Belturbet, in the county of Cavan, fhewed a difpofition to rife, in order to join them ; but as the proteftants of the cftabliilied church in that county are numerous, loyal, atid well armed, and as they were moftly united in Orange lodges, they would have cut the infurgenta to pieces, had they rifen there ; they retired then to the BaUinamore mountains, about feven miles diftant, and aifembled there. Though the county of Cavan was in general very much difturbed by the defenders, they, for the above reafon, never dared to appear in the neighbourhood of Belturbet.
I mentioned before, the zeal of the prefbyterlan minifters and the popifh priefts, to unite both their orders in the confpiracy.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 124

As the companion tells it

The town of Belturbet, in County Cavan, saw no rising in 1798, though there nearly was one. When the French were at Colooney and showed an intention of marching towards the metropolis, the Roman Catholics in the vicinity of Belturbet showed a disposition to rise and join them. But the Protestants of the established church in that county were numerous, loyal, and well armed, and mostly united in Orange lodges. They would have cut the insurgents to pieces had they risen there. The Catholics retired instead to the Ballinamore mountains, about seven miles distant, and assembled there. Though County Cavan was in general very much disturbed by the Defenders, they never dared to appear in the neighbourhood of Belturbet.

Charlemont's manifesto against armed papists in Armagh

near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1788

In 1788 the Earl of Charlemont, governor of the county, and the grand jury published a manifesto against papists assembling in arms and against unauthorized disarming, in response to escalating tensions.

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The open hoftility which the defenders difplayed againfl the volunteers, raifed for no other purpofe but to maintain focial order, and their intemperate zeal to furnifli themfelves with fire-arms, alarmed all loyal and peaceable fubjeds ; in confequence of which the earl of Chai lemont, governor of the county, and the grand jury, pubhfhed a manifefto in the year 1788, againft all papifts who fiiould aifemble in arms, and againfl any perfons who fhould attempt to diform them without legal authority.
It appears then, that the fears of the prefbyterians were not groundlefs ; and as they were prevented from difpoirefTiiig them of arms, which they

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 41

As the companion tells it

Armagh, in 1788, was a town caught in rising fear. The Defenders had shown open hostility toward the Volunteers, who had been raised only to maintain social order, and their zealous efforts to furnish themselves with firearms alarmed all loyal and peaceable subjects. In response, the Earl of Charlemont, governor of the county, and the grand jury published a manifesto against all papists who should assemble in arms, and against any persons who should attempt to disarm them without legal authority. The fears of the Presbyterians, it appears, were not groundless.

Delegates Attempt to Seduce Artillery Corps at Chapelizod

near Chapelizod · townland · Dublin · 1798

On 12 May 1798, seven delegates were sent by the United Irishmen from the metropolis to Chapelizod to seduce the corps of artillery and swear them to spike the guns, but the scheme was disclosed and the traitors arrested.

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On the twelfth of May, feven delegates were fent by the united Irifhmen from the metropolis to Chapelizod, to feduce the corps of artillery, and attempted to fvvear them to fpike the guns ; but, much to their honour, they difclofed the infernal fcheme of thele traitors, who were arrefted and committed. On the fame day a large quantity of arms was feized in a houfe on the Cuftom-houfe quay by juftke Swan, an adive and intrepid m.agiftrace, by whofe zealous exertions the moft eftential fervice was rendered at this alarming and critical junfture*
fija MEMOIRS GF THE DIFFERENT

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 139

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Chapelizod, on the twelfth of May 1798, seven delegates were sent by the United Irishmen from the metropolis with a dangerous task. They came to seduce the corps of artillery, and tried to swear the men to spike the guns. But the artillery soldiers would have none of it. To their honour, they disclosed the scheme, and the delegates were arrested and committed.

Destruction of boats on the Ross river

Ross · townland · Clare · 1798

General Johnson ordered captain Hill and gun-boats to destroy all boats on the river Ross to prevent rebel communication and supply. Rebels kept up constant fire from the riverbanks, beginning near Camlin wood.

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To obviate this, general Johnfon, who fhewed as much fagacity as courage during the rebellion, ordered captain Hill of the navy, with fome gun-boats, which he commanded, to deflroy all the boats on that river, which he accordingly did, to the number of one hundred and feventeen. Though the gunboats employed in that fervice were well barricadoed, and had on board each of them a party of foldiers, who were commanded by the brave ferjeant Hamilton, the rebels never fuffered one of them to pafs without keeping up a conflant and fevere fire upon them ; for which purpofe, they kept ftrong piquet guards along
520

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 264

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Ross, in 1798, the river was the scene of a deliberate destruction. General Johnson ordered Captain Hill of the navy to take gun-boats and destroy every boat on the river, to cut off rebel communication and supply. Hill carried out the order and destroyed 117 boats. The gun-boats were well barricaded, and each carried a party of soldiers commanded by Sergeant Hamilton. But the rebels never let a single boat pass without keeping up a constant and severe fire from the banks. They held strong piquet guards along the river, and the shooting began near Camlin wood.

Disarming of Traitorous Yeomen at Rathcoole

Rathcoole · town · Dublin · 1798

Captain Ormsby, after extracting confessions, ordered his corps to parade in the presence of the Cavan regiment, disarmed them, and committed several leaders including Sergeant Walsh, Corporal Dillon, Corporal Byrne, John Shee, and William Harvey for their part in the treasonable plot.

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Captain Ormfby having taken up John Shee, and given him a few^ ftripes, he difclofed the whole of the treafonable defigns of the qorps,, Vv^honi he inftantly ordered to parade, in prefence of a party of the Cavan regiment under arms, and he difarmed them ; znd committed ferjeant Walfh, corporal Dillon, cor^ poral Byrne, John Shee and William Harvey, leaders among the rebels, and principals in the plot.
Wallh, foon after he was committed., confeffed the whole of their treafonable fchemes ; and that he and ferjeant Rourke had been fworn by Mr. Clinchj, a Romanift, and the fecond Heutenant of the corps.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 156

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Rathcoole, this is where Captain Ormsby broke a treasonable plot in 1798. He had John Shee taken up and given a few stripes, after which Shee disclosed the whole of the corps' treasonable designs. Ormsby ordered the corps to parade in the presence of a party of the Cavan regiment under arms, and disarmed them. He committed Sergeant Walsh, Corporal Dillon, Corporal Byrne, John Shee, and William Harvey, leaders among the rebels and principals in the plot. Walsh soon confessed their treasonable schemes, and that he and Sergeant Rourke had been sworn by Mr. Clinch, a Romanist and second lieutenant of the corps.

Esmond Kyan wounded at the battle of Arklow

Arklow · town · Wicklow · 1798

Esmond Kyan, the rebel chieftain who later saved two prisoners at Wexford bridge, had been wounded at the battle of Arklow and was travelling to Wexford to obtain medical assistance.

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Efmond Kyan, w^ho had been w^ounded at the battle of. Arklow, was coming to Wexford to get medical affiftance, and happened to be crolling the bridge when the maffacre was going forward.
Thofe who obtained a certain quantity of provifions from the committee who diftributed it, expelled to have the exclufive enjoyment of it ; yet the rebels would enter their houfes, and take it put of their pot and carry it off, or fit dov\n at their table and eat fhare of it ; and while fitting at the tables of proteftants, they would often fay, " That they loved liberty and equality, and that they liked to fee mafters and fervants affociate together."

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 290

As the companion tells it

The town of Arklow saw battle in 1798. Esmond Kyan was wounded there and was making his way to Wexford to get medical assistance. He happened to be crossing the bridge when the massacre was going forward. The rebels who obtained provisions from the distributing committee expected to keep them for themselves. Yet other rebels would enter their houses, take food from their pots and carry it off, or sit down at the table and eat a share. While sitting at the tables of Protestants, they would often say they loved liberty and equality, and liked to see masters and servants associate together.

General Eustace advises Catholic gentleman to leave Loughbrickland

near Loughbrickland · village · Down

At Loughbrickland sectarian animosity was so intense that General Eustace advised a Catholic gentleman, Mr. White, to leave the town as it was unsafe for either a Protestant or Catholic gentleman to reside there, and he followed the advice.

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At Loughbrickland, their animofity was fo great, that the general recommended to a Mr. White, of the Popifh perfuafion, to quit it, as it would be unfafe for a proteftant or a Roman catholick gentleman to refide there ; and he followed his advice.
Many gentlemen of the North have affured me, that the origin of the defenders, and the excelTes which they committed, may properly be imputed to the favage and fanguinary fpirit of the lower clafs of Romanifts in the county of Armagh, where they are pecuHarly barbarous.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 43

As the companion tells it

Loughbrickland was a place where animosity ran so great that General Eustace advised a Catholic gentleman named White to quit it. The general said it would be unsafe for a Protestant or a Roman Catholic gentleman to reside there, and White followed his advice. Many gentlemen of the North have said that the origin of the Defenders, and the excesses they committed, may be imputed to the savage and sanguinary spirit of the lower class of Catholics in the county of Armagh, where they are particularly barbarous.

General Loftus marches round rebels via Slievebuoy mountain to Carnew

Carnew · town · Wicklow · 1798

General Loftus resolved to join Lord Ancram at Carnew by marching around the enemy's right and crossing Slievebuoy mountain, with Lieutenant-colonel Scott moving via the Camolin road, successfully evading twenty thousand rebels.

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The general, therefore, prudently refolved to join lord Ancram at Carnew, * which could not be ef^ fed:ed but by marching round the enemy's right, and by crolling Slievebuoy f mountain. Lieutenant* colonel Scott moved oiF on the Camolin J road, while the general remained with the fifty dragoons to watch the motions of the enemy ; and captain Corry, who commanded them, endeavoured to engage the attention of the enemy, and to make them believe that he was moving towards Gorey, by the crofs road, leading to the Ballycanew road ; and had not captain Corry made this feint^ lieutenant-colonel Scott could hot have marched unmolefted to form a junction with lord Ancram, which was effected near Slievebuoy mountain, and by perfevering in not waiting to return the enemy's fire, Carnew was occupied early next morning*
The difficulty of conveying the guns and the turn* brils over that mountain was very great, and could not have been elFeded, as there was no road for a four-wheel carriage, but for the advice of Mr. Brownrigg of Barndown, who had a perfed knowledge of the country. Thus this fmall body fairly marched round twenty thoufand rebels ; and by the good countenance which they kept, and by preferving their fire, though coniiantly fired at, they efcaped without any injury. At midnight general Loftus reached Carnew, where he learned that the light infantry,

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 255

As the companion tells it

Carnew in Wicklow was the goal of General Loftus in 1798. He needed to join Lord Ancram there, but the only way was to march around the enemy's right and cross Slievebuoy mountain. Lieutenant-colonel Scott moved off on the Camolin road, while the general stayed behind with fifty dragoons to watch the enemy's motions. Captain Corry, who commanded the dragoons, tried to engage the enemy's attention and make them believe he was moving towards Gorey by the cross road leading to the Ballycanew road. Without Captain Corry's feint, Lieutenant-colonel Scott could not have marched unmolested to form a junction with Lord Ancram. That junction was effected near Slievebuoy mountain, and by persevering in not waiting to return the enemy's fire, Carnew was occupied early next morning. Getting the guns and the turnbrils over that mountain was very difficult. There was no road for a four-wheel carriage. They succeeded only because of Mr. Brownrigg of Barndown, who had a perfect knowledge of the country. This small body fairly marched round twenty thousand rebels. They kept good countenance and preserved their fire, though constantly fired at, and they escaped without any injury. At midnight General Loftus reached Carnew, where he learned that the light infantry had been there.

Goldsmiths' corps disperse in Ship Street, Dublin

Ship Street · street · Cork · 1793

On Sunday 27 January, the Goldsmiths' corps commanded by major Bacon and traitor Dowling paraded in Ship Street in defiance of the proclamation, entering resolutions favouring Catholic emancipation before being dispersed by alderman Warren.

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Notwithftanding the proclamation of the eighth of December, the goldfmiths' corps, commanded by major Bacon the tailor, and that noted traitor Dowling, paraded in Ship-flireet, on Sunday the twentyfeventh of January, but were difperfed by alderman Warren ; however, before their difperfion, they entered into ftrong refolutions in favour of Catholick emancipation * and reform of parliament.,
In

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

This is Ship Street. On Sunday the 27th of January 1793, the goldsmiths' corps, commanded by Major Bacon the tailor and the noted traitor Dowling, paraded in defiance of the proclamation of the 8th of December. Alderman Warren dispersed them, but before their dispersal they entered strong resolutions in favour of Catholic emancipation and reform of parliament.

John Hay proposes massacre of protestants at Vinegar Hill, opposed by Edward Roche

near Vinegar Hill · hill or hills · Wexford · 1798

At the trial of Edward Roche at Wexford beginning 17 December 1798, witnesses testified that John Hay proposed on Vinegar Hill the massacre of all protestants, a proposal Roche opposed.

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On the fame trial, w^hich began the feventeenth of December, 1798, Thomas Hatchell proved, that, Mr. John Hay propofed on Vinegar-hill the malTacre of all proteftants ; and both theie witnefies proved that Edward Roche oppofed his fanguinaiy propofal
There were commonly twenty priefts in the camp,t and they never interfered for the prefervation of proteftant lives, except in behalf of a perfon who happened to be the peculiar objed: of their regard, or in

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 238

As the companion tells it

Vinegar Hill saw a grim proposal in 1798. At Edward Roche's trial in Wexford, beginning 17 December 1798, Thomas Hatchell testified that John Hay proposed on Vinegar Hill the massacre of all protestants. Witnesses proved that Edward Roche opposed his sanguinary proposal. There were commonly twenty priests in the camp, and they never interfered for the preservation of protestant lives, except in behalf of a person who happened to be the peculiar object of their regard.

Lanaghan's ears cropped in Loughinsholin barony

near Loughinsholin · barony · Derry · 1796–1797

In December 1796, rebels destroyed the property and cut off the ears of one Lanaghan in the barony of Loughinsholin, County Derry, as part of a terror campaign to compel people to join them; the jury later acquitted the three men prosecuted, likely from fear.

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In December, 1796, they defhroyed the property and cut off the ears of one Lanaghan, in the barony of Loughinfliolin, and county of Derry ; at the fpring affizes of u 797, he profecuted three of them, but the jury acquitted them ; it is fuppofed, from motives of terror.
In the month of December, 179^, a rnan unguardedly informed his family, that he faw a number of them exercifmg in the night ; which being reported to them, the mofl moderate of them infifted pn his leaving the country ; but in attempting to do fo, he was murdered at Magilligan, in the county of Derry.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 129

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through the barony of Loughinsholin, there is a story from December 1796. Rebels destroyed the property of one Lanaghan and cut off his ears, part of a campaign to force people to join them. At the spring assizes of 1797, Lanaghan prosecuted three of them, but the jury acquitted the men. It is supposed they did so from motives of terror. That same month, a man told his family he had seen a number of rebels exercising at night. Word reached the rebels. The most moderate among them insisted he leave the country, but as he tried to do so, he was murdered at Magilligan in County Derry.

Maxwell's force attacked at foot of Forth Mountain

near Forth Mountain · mountain or mountain range · Wexford · 1798

Lieutenant-colonel Maxwell marched from Wexford with two hundred Donegal regiment troops and yeomanry cavalry to support the thirteenth regiment, but was attacked by a numerous body of rebels near the foot of Forth Mountain who fired from behind rocks and hedges and used captured howitzers.

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Major-general Fawcett marched from Duncannonfort t to Taghmon, | with eighty of the thirteenth regiment, and a party of the Meath, to fupport the detachment under captain Adams ; but, on hearhig of their defeat, he returned. As loon as lieutenantcolonel Maxwell was informed of that event, he marched out with two hundred of the Donegal regiment, and about one hundred and fifty yeomen cavalry, to fupport the thirteenth regiment, who were expeded that morning at Wexford. When he arrived at the foot of the Forth || mountain, near the place where the detachment of the Meath regiment was cut to pieces, he was attacked by a numerous body of rebels, who maintained a heavy fire on his party, from behind rocks, hedges and houfes, which lay at the foot of the mountain ; and' they difcharged fome ihots at them from the howitzers, which they had taken that morning. For the purpofe of embarralTmg our troops, they drove a number of horfes jilong the road amongft them, which, in fome meafure, produced the defired effect j and. the confufion v/as very much encreafed by the precipitate retreat of the cavalry, who, pent up in a narrow road, where
they

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 244

As the companion tells it

Forth Mountain rises near Wexford, and in 1798 it saw a sharp fight. Major-general Fawcett had marched from Duncannon fort to Taghmon with 80 of the thirteenth regiment and a party of the Meath, to support the detachment under Captain Adams, but on hearing of their defeat he returned. Lieutenant-colonel Maxwell then marched from Wexford with 200 of the Donegal regiment and about 150 yeomen cavalry, to support the thirteenth regiment, expected that morning at Wexford. When he arrived at the foot of Forth Mountain, near the place where the detachment of the Meath regiment was cut to pieces, he was attacked by a numerous body of rebels. They maintained a heavy fire from behind rocks, hedges and houses at the foot of the mountain. They fired shots from howitzers they had taken that morning. To embarrass the troops, the rebels drove a number of horses along the road among them, which produced the desired effect. The confusion was increased by the precipitate retreat of the cavalry, who were pent up in a narrow road.

M'Quone executed at Armagh for murder of Donaldson, later pardoned

near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1787

A Defender named M'Quone was sentenced to death at Armagh in 1787 for murdering a Presbyterian named Donaldson, but obtained a pardon through the influence of an individual of consequence.

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In the year 1785, fome prefbyterians, profecuted by one Keegan, a papifl, whom they had beaten in a mod cruel manner, were fentenced to be imprifoned for a certain time ; but they were immediately liberated at the inftance of a gentleman of influence. In the fame manner, one Mc. ^uone, a defender, who was fentenced to die at Armagh, in the year ijSy, for the murder of one Donaldfon, a pre%terian, ^ obtained his pardon by the interference of an individual of confiderable weight.
In the year 1787, the difturbances rofe to fuch an alarming pitch, in the county of Armagh, that two troops of dragoons were fent to the city of Armagh to .quell them, as infantry were fouiid inadequate for that purpofe.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

In the town of Armagh, in 1787, a Defender named M'Quone was sentenced to death for the murder of a Presbyterian named Donaldson. He obtained his pardon through the interference of an individual of considerable weight. That same year, disturbances in the county rose to such an alarming pitch that two troops of dragoons were sent to the city to quell them, as infantry were found inadequate for that purpose. Two years earlier, in 1785, Presbyterians who had beaten a man named Keegan, a Catholic, in a most cruel manner were sentenced to imprisonment but immediately liberated at the instance of a gentleman of influence.

Murder of Mr. Harman at Bawn, County Longford

Bawn · townland · Longford · 1796

On the second of January 1796, the house of Mr. Harman, member for the county of Longford, at Bawn was forcibly entered at night by a party of ruffians who barbarously murdered him.

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On the fecond of January, 1796, the houfe of Mr. Harman, member for the county of Longford, at Bawn in faid county, was forcibly entered in the night by a party of ruffians, who barbaroufly murdered him.
In confequence of the military organization which took place in the autumn and winter of 1796, the province of Ulfter became dreadfully diflurbed by the eagernefs af the difaffe^led to procure arms.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 110

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Bawn, on the 2nd of January 1796, the house of Mr. Harman, member for the county of Longford, was forcibly entered in the night by a party of ruffians, who barbarously murdered him. In the autumn and winter of that year, military organization had taken place, and the province of Ulster became dreadfully disturbed by the eagerness of the disaffected to procure arms.

Murder of Revenue Officer Mr Pentland at Drogheda

Drogheda · town · Louth · 1794

In January 1794 Mr Pentland, a revenue officer, was barbarously murdered at Drogheda in the night.

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. In the month of January of this year, Mr. Pentland, a revenue officer, was barbaroufly murdered at Drogheda in the night.
On the twenty-eighth of April, 1794, the reverend Mr. Jackfon, a proteftant clergyman, was committed to Newgate on a charge of high treafon.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 89

As the companion tells it

In January of 1794, a revenue officer named Mr Pentland was barbarously murdered at Drogheda in the night. The record gives nothing more than that.

Northern Star boasts of Belfast crowds saving harvest of jailed prisoners

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1796

The Northern Star boasted that the populace in and about Belfast had saved the harvest of persons committed to the gaols of Dublin or Carrickfergus on charges of high treason, with as many as seven thousand people assembling for that purpose.

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In order to encourage the difaffefted to perfifl itt their treafonable pradices, it was boafled at this time^^ in the Northern Star, that the populace, in and about Belfaft, had faved the harveft of all fuch perfons as had been committed to the gaols of Dublin or Carrickfergus, on charges of high treafon.; and that feven thoufand perfons often affembled for that purpofe.
' In the month of Odober, the reverer d Philip Johnfon v/as fired at and wounded, in the night, at Liiburn.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

Belfast, in 1796. The Northern Star boasted that the people in and about Belfast had saved the harvest of all those committed to the gaols of Dublin or Carrickfergus on charges of high treason. The paper claimed that 7000 people often assembled for that purpose. In October, the Reverend Philip Johnson was fired at and wounded in the night at Lisburn.

Orange Institution formed in response to Defenders in Ulster counties

Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1792–1797

From 1792-1797 the county of Monaghan was disturbed by the Defenders acting with the United Irishmen. Loyal subjects formed Orange clubs to resist, a pattern repeated in Fermanagh, Donegal, Derry, Tyrone, and Armagh.

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From the year 1792, to the year 1797, the county of Monaghan had been diilurbed by the defenders, who at that time became terrihck by the aid and cooperation of the united Irilhmen.
In the beginning of that yea.r, the loyal fubjeciis, alarmed for their fafety, began to form Orange clubs, againil the combination of traitors, who were conftantly committing nodurnal robbery and alfaffination ; but fome of the leading gentlemen of the county oppofed the inftitution.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

Monaghan, between 1792 and 1797, was disturbed by the Defenders, who became formidable through the aid and cooperation of the United Irishmen. Loyal subjects, alarmed for their safety, began to form Orange clubs against a combination of traitors who were constantly committing nocturnal robbery and assassination. But some of the leading gentlemen of the county opposed the institution.

Plot to burn houses at Rathfarnham and fire the Liberty

Rathfarnham · townland · Dublin · 1798

Justice Drury received information that rebels planned to burn houses at Rathfarnham and set fire to part of the Liberty in Dublin, intending to use the resulting confusion to burn shipping on the quays and free prisoners from the prison-ships.

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Mr. juftice Drury received information, which he <:ommunicated to government, that the rebels had formed a plan of burning fome houfes at Rathfamham, and of fetting fire to part of the Liberty ; that, whilfl: the army were engaged in thofe places, they intended to fet fire to the fhipping on the quays ; and^, during the confufion which muft have enfued, they meant to have feized the prifon-lhips, and to refcue the rebels confined in them : On which government
ordered

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 191

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1798, rebels formed a plan to burn houses at Rathfarnham and set fire to part of the Liberty in Dublin. Justice Drury received the information and passed it to government. The plan was this: while the army was engaged at those burning places, the rebels intended to set fire to the shipping on the quays. Then, during the confusion, they meant to seize the prison-ships and rescue the rebels confined in them. Government ordered action on the intelligence.

Plunder of Protestant Houses in County Louth

Louth · town · Louth · 1792

In 1792 Defenders plundered 180 Protestant houses in County Louth despite the small Protestant population there, aiming to deprive them of arms and ammunition.

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In the year 1792, they plundered one hundred and eighty proteftant houfes in the county of Louth, though the proteftants in it are not numerous ; and they never experienced any enmity or oppofition from them, till they were rouzed to come forward in defence of their lives and properties. The depriving proteflants of their arms and ammunition feemed to have been one of their principal defigns.
In fome places, landlords were obliged to reduce their rents, and the clergy to relinquifh their tithes, to calm the florm of licentious turbulence, but without effed:. Many proteftant families abandoned their houfes, and fled to the capital for protection.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

In 1792, the Defenders plundered 180 Protestant houses in County Louth. The Protestants there were not numerous, and had experienced no enmity or opposition from them, until they were roused to come forward in defence of their lives and properties. Depriving Protestants of their arms and ammunition seemed to have been one of their principal designs. In some places, landlords were obliged to reduce their rents, and the clergy to relinquish their tithes, to calm the storm of licentious turbulence, but without effect. Many Protestant families abandoned their houses, and fled to the capital for protection.

Printer George Taylor forced to serve the rebel 'republick'

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

George Taylor, a Protestant printer in Wexford, was compelled to print all the proclamations and edicts of the rebel republic, which ended with 'God save the people!' He was obliged to display a label announcing himself as printer to the republic.

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God fave the people !" I am well informed that he was obliged to put up a label in his iliop, announcing him as printer to the republick.
On Sunday the feventeenth day of June, notice was given from the altar, that the following Saturday was to be obferved as a faft, for the fuccefs of the war.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 299

As the companion tells it

In Wexford, in 1798, the Protestant printer George Taylor was compelled to print all the proclamations and edicts of the rebel republic. They ended with the words "God save the people." He was obliged to put up a label in his shop, announcing himself as printer to the republic.

Provincial committee meeting at Shane's Castle

Shane's Castle · townland · Antrim · 1798

At a provincial committee held at Shane's Castle on the first of February 1798, delegates announced that three envoys had arrived from France, that the French expedition was expected soon, and that men should hold themselves ready and collect the names of all their enemies.

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-At a provincial committee, held at Shanes-caftfe^ the firft: of February, 1798, it was announced.
That three delegates had arrived from France ; that the French expedition was going forward, andwas foon expefted that three delegates had been fent from the united Britons to the national committee ; and that from that moment they were to coniider England, Scotland and Ireland, all as one people,, afting for one common caufe ; that there were legiflators now chofen from the three kingdoms to a& as an executive for the whole ; that they were now fure of obtaining liberty, though the French fliould never come y that the delegates Ihould caufe the men to hold themfelves in readinefs, as the hour of aftion could not be far diftant ; and that they fliould colled the names of all their enemies, and their places of refidence;" * This was done mofl: efFedlually j and the loyal perfons were pointed out for affafli- Hation in The Prefs and The Union Star.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 133

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Shane's Castle, on the first of February 1798, a provincial committee met and announced striking news. Three delegates had arrived from France. A French expedition was going forward and soon expected. Three delegates had also been sent from the united Britons to the national committee, and from that moment England, Scotland and Ireland were to be considered as one people, acting for one common cause. Legislators had been chosen from the three kingdoms to act as an executive for the whole. They were now sure of obtaining liberty, even if the French should never come. The delegates were to cause the men to hold themselves in readiness, as the hour of action could not be far distant. They were to collect the names of all their enemies, and their places of residence. This was done most effectually, and loyal persons were pointed out for assassination in The Press and The Union Star.

Rebel attack force marches from Vinegar Hill to Newtownbarry

Newtownbarry · townland · Wexford · 1798

Father Roche led a large body of rebels from the Vinegar Hill camp to attack the town of Newtownbarry, an assault that took place on the first of June, with female rebels marching out vehemently to meet the departing army.

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" The camp at Vinegar-hill prefented a dreadful fcene of confufion and uproar. A number of female rebels, more vehement than the male, were marching out to meet the army from Newtown-barry. This was a large body which father Roche led from Vinegar-hill to the attack of that town, which took place the firft of June. Great numbers of women were in the camp. Some men were employed in killing cattle, and in boiling them in pieces in large copper brewing-pans ; others were drinking, curfing, and fwearing ; many of them were playing on various mufical inftruments, which they had acquired by plunder in the adjacent proteftant houfes ; and this produced a moll difagreeable and barbarous diffonance.
" At

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 231

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1798, Father Roche led a large body of rebels from the camp at Vinegar Hill to attack Newtownbarry, an assault that took place on the 1 of June. The camp at Vinegar Hill presented a scene of confusion and uproar. Female rebels, more vehement than the men, marched out to meet the army. Great numbers of women were in the camp. Some men were employed in killing cattle and boiling them in pieces in large copper brewing-pans. Others were drinking, cursing, and swearing. Many played musical instruments they had taken by plunder from the adjacent Protestant houses, producing what the source calls "a most disagreeable and barbarous dissonance."

Rumour of orangeman massacre spreads from Arklow to Bray

Arklow · town · Wicklow · 1797

A rumour spread that orangemen intended to massacre Catholics, giving the disaffected a pretext to assemble; the first such meeting took place on 11 October and was general in the country from Arklow to Bray, covering the whole county east of the mountains.

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At other times it was faid, that the orangemen harboured that barbarous defign, though at that time the very name of orangeman was unknown there. T he ftrll meeting of that kind took place the el^^venth of Oclober, and was general in the country, from Arklow to Bray, taking m the whole of the county eaft of the mounuiins. • "
On the tenth of Odober, a man who affumed the name of James Collins, and faid he was the fervant of captain King, perambulated a great part of the county on horfeback, and propagated a report, " That had been employed three days in giving notice to ail the orangemen in it, to meet the Rathdruiti troop (all of whom but four were orangemen,) the next night, to bqgia the maifacrp of the Roman catholicks ; and the reafon he - alTigned was, that all the yeomanry corps werq to be ordered to march to Bantry bay, and that they \Yere to perform that office before they fet out."

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 201

As the companion tells it

Arklow lies along this road, a town caught up in the fears of 1797. That autumn, a rumour spread through the country from Arklow to Bray, across the whole county east of the mountains, that the orangemen intended a massacre of Roman Catholics. Yet at that time the very name of orangeman was unknown there. The first meeting of this kind took place on the 11th of October, and was general across the country. The day before, a man calling himself James Collins, who said he was the servant of Captain King, rode through a great part of the county on horseback, spreading a report. He said he had been employed three days giving notice to all the orangemen in it, to meet the Rathdrum troop, all of whom but four were orangemen, the next night, to begin the massacre of the Roman Catholics. The reason he gave was that the yeomanry corps were to be ordered to march to Bantry Bay, and were to perform that office before they set out. This gave the disaffected a pretext to assemble.

Suburbs of Enniscorthy burned during battle

Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford · 1798

During the battle, disaffected inhabitants set fire to their own houses to annoy the yeomen, and three large suburbs called Guttle-street, Drumgoold, and Irish-street, along with two lanes in the town centre, were engulfed in flames.

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At laft, the yeomen infantry, perceiving that they mufl foon be furrounded,. and cut off by the long extended wings of the enemy, while the main body engaged them, divided themfelves into fmall parties, and occupied the different avenues v/hich led into the town^ .where they made a moil: gallant defence, having killed great numbers of the rebels ; though they fuffered much from the treachery of the difloyal inhabitants, who not only fired at them from the windows, but • their fanaticilm was fuch, that they fet fire to their own houfes, to annoy the yeomen ; for, in a fliort time, three large fuburbs, called Guttle-flreet, Drumgoold, and Irifh-ftreet, * and two lanes in the centre of the
town,.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 224

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1798, the battle of Enniscorthy reached the streets. The yeomen infantry, finding themselves nearly surrounded by the rebels' long extended wings, divided into small parties and occupied the avenues leading into the town. They made a gallant defence and killed great numbers of the rebels. But they suffered from the disloyal inhabitants, who fired at them from the windows, and whose fanaticism was such that they set fire to their own houses to annoy the yeomen. In a short time, three large suburbs called Guttle-street, Drumgoold, and Irish-street, and two lanes in the centre of the town, were in flames.

Surrender of arms exhortations at Baltinglass

Baltinglass · town · Wicklow · 1798

Magistrates and yeomen officers around Baltinglass published exhortations urging the lower classes to surrender arms, confess guilt, and swear allegiance oaths, and many did so, yet a general insurrection still broke out on the morning of 24 May.

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On the thirteenth of May, 1798, the magiftrate^ and yeomen officers fo^r fome miles round Baltinglafs.| pubiifhed exhortations to the lower clafs of people, recommending to them to furrender their arms, to make full confeilion of their guilt, to fwear oaths of allegiance, and to receive protections ; and vafl mul* titudes of them continued to do fo, from mot-ning till night, from the fifteenth to the twenty-fourth of May ; and yet, on the morning of that day^ the infurredtion of the lower clafs of people was general ; and they w^re all armed with, pikes or mufkets, though, with their ufual diffmiulation, they had for fome days before put on the femblance of contrition.
On the nineteenth of May^ a decent looking man went through the country contiguous to Baltinglafs, exhorting the people to be in readinefs to rife at a moment's w^arning, as no excufe w^ould be taken.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 205

As the companion tells it

The town of Baltinglass in May 1798. On the thirteenth, the magistrates and yeomen officers for some miles round published exhortations to the lower class of people, recommending they surrender their arms, make full confession of their guilt, swear oaths of allegiance, and receive protections. Vast multitudes did so, from morning till night, from the fifteenth to the twenty-fourth of May. Yet on the morning of the twenty-fourth, the insurrection was general, and they were all armed with pikes or muskets, though they had for some days put on the semblance of contrition. On the nineteenth, a decent looking man went through the country nearby, exhorting the people to be in readiness to rise at a moment's warning, as no excuse would be taken.

Test oath proposed to Cronebane corps of yeomen

Cronebane · townland · Wicklow · 1797–1798

A test oath renouncing membership of the United Irishmen was proposed to the Cronebane corps of yeomen, and forty-four disaffected members refused to take it, being disarmed by captain Mills.

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The fad turned out as predi£ted ; forty-four of that corps who were deeply difaffeiSled, refufed to take the oath, which a prieil of the name of Meagher, pronounced to be blafphemous, when it was propofed for his confideration ; though he w^ould allow his flock to take the oath of allegiance, or any other prefcribed by law.
This priell declared that he had loft all influence ever his congregation ever fmce the introdudtion of prench principles ; and yet, when a fearch for arms was about to be made, he gave notice to them to come in and take the oath of allegiance, which was immediately and implicitly obeyed by all his parifhioners.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 199

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Cronebane, in 1797 or 1798, a test oath renouncing membership of the United Irishmen was proposed to the local corps of yeomen. Forty-four disaffected members refused to take it, and were disarmed by Captain Mills. A priest named Meagher pronounced the oath blasphemous when it was proposed for his consideration, though he would allow his flock to take the oath of allegiance or any other prescribed by law. This priest declared he had lost all influence over his congregation since the introduction of French principles. Yet when a search for arms was about to be made, he gave notice to his parishioners to come in and take the oath of allegiance, which was immediately and implicitly obeyed by all.

Thomas Dixon's inn as rebel meeting place in Wexford

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

Thomas Dixon, described as a sanguinary monster inciting violence, kept an inferior inn in the town of Wexford which was much frequented by rebels who held their clubs and conspiracies there.

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Dixon and his wife were two fanguinarv monllers, w^ho were incelTantly endeavouring to incite the people to a^ls of violence and bloodfhed. He kep& aa inferior kind of inn in the town of Wexford, which was very much reforted to by rebels who held their
clubs

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 298

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Wexford town, you are on ground that in 1798 was thick with rebellion. Thomas Dixon kept an inn here that rebels frequented, holding their clubs and conspiracies on the premises. He and his wife were described as two "sanguinary monsters" who constantly incited people to acts of violence and bloodshed.

Titular bishop of Ossory Thomas Burke dies at Kilkenny

Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1759–1776

Thomas Burke, titular bishop of Ossory and public historiographer to the Dominican order in Ireland, was made bishop in 1759 and died at Kilkenny in September 1776. He wrote works defending doctrines that faith need not be kept with heretics and that deposed princes could be murdered.

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Thomas Burke v/as made titular bifhop of Ofibry in 1759, and died at Kilkenny in September, 1776. He was, as he frequently tells us, a favourite of pope Benedid XIV. was a man of refpedable learning,, and perfedly well acquainted v/ith'the do&ines of the Romifh church, the bulls and epiflles of the popes, and the fentiments of the Irifh Roman catholicks ; and yet fome of the heads of the Irifb clergy have had the effrontery and duplicity to vilify the talents and information of this writer, and to reprefent him as a dotard, haunted with dreams of pontifical omnipotence ; butfuch perverfion of truth, and fuch varnifhing of odious dodrines are only calculated to deceive, and can impofe on no rational man ; for allkhe tenets contained in his book were carried into practice during the late rebellion.
Burke, after reciting part of pope Paul V.'s bull, encouraging the kifh- in their rebellion, exclaims.. Quid celebrius ? Quid infignius ? f

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 32

As the companion tells it

Kilkenny is where Thomas Burke, titular bishop of Ossory, died in September 1776. He had been made bishop in 1759. He was, as he frequently tells us, a favourite of Pope Benedict 14, a man of respectable learning, and perfectly well acquainted with the doctrines of the Roman church, the bulls and epistles of the popes, and the sentiments of the Irish Roman Catholics. Yet some of the heads of the Irish clergy had the effrontery and duplicity to vilify his talents and represent him as a dotard haunted with dreams of pontifical omnipotence. Such perversion of truth and varnishing of odious doctrines are only calculated to deceive, and can impose on no rational man, for all the tenets contained in his book were carried into practice during the late rebellion. After reciting part of Pope Paul 5's bull encouraging the Irish in their rebellion, Burke exclaimed, "Quid celebrius? Quid insignius?"

United Irishmen of Dublin Begin Sessions with Simon Butler and Napper Tandy

Dublin · city · Dublin · 1791

On 9 November 1791, the United Irishmen of Dublin began their sessions and published a declaration similar to that of Belfast, but with a test annexed to it. Simon Butler was in the chair, and James Napper Tandy served as secretary.

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On the ninth of November, »79t, the united Irifhmen of Dubhn began their feflion, and pubhfiied their declaration, which was exadly fimiUir to th3t at Belfall ; but with this difterence, that a teft was annexed to it. f The honourable Simon Batlcr was in the chair, and James Napper Tandy was fecretary. I fliali refer the reader to Appendix, No. VIL for their conilitution and their mode of eie6lion. Revolutionary defigns are very evident in their declaration.
On the thirtieth of December, 179!, they held a fefiion and adopted a circular letter, and refolved to have it printed and difperfed through every part of the kingdom, to encourage the formation of fmiilar focieties ; and they annexed to it a declaration of their political principles, and the ted w^hich they had taken, " as ^ focial and facred com pad: to bind them more clofely together." See Appendix, No. VIIL

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 68

As the companion tells it

Dublin, in 1791, was where the United Irishmen of the city began their sessions. On the 9th of November that year, they published their declaration, similar to the one at Belfast, but with a test annexed to it. The Honourable Simon Butler was in the chair, and James Napper Tandy was secretary. The author of the record calls their revolutionary designs very evident in that declaration. On the 30th of December, 1791, they held another session and adopted a circular letter. They resolved to have it printed and dispersed through every part of the kingdom, to encourage the formation of similar societies. They annexed to it a declaration of their political principles and the test they had taken, described as a social and sacred compact to bind them more closely together.

Urban Resistance to James I's Accession

Cork · city · Cork · 1603

On the accession of James I, the citizens of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, Kilkenny and Wexford denied his title and attacked those who tried to proclaim him, opposing him because he was not a Catholic, before being subdued by Lord Mountjoy.

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4th. On the acceflion of James L the citizens of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, Kilkenny, and Wexford, jdenied his title, and attacked fo furiouily the perfons
M2M0IRS OF THE DI:fFERENT

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

In 1603, when James I came to the throne, the citizens of Cork rose against him. Along with the people of Waterford, Limerick, Kilkenny and Wexford, they denied his title and attacked those who tried to proclaim him. They opposed him because he was not a Catholic. Lord Mountjoy subdued them.

Warning of rebel gathering at Rath of Gilltown

Gilltown · townland · Kildare · 1798

Mr. Robert Douglass of Gormanstown warned the Kilcullen garrison that about three hundred rebels had assembled at the Rath of Gilltown the preceding night and intended to attack the town and capture General Dundas by surprise.

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A perfon affured me, that he rode alone on the morning of the twenty-thu-d of May, from Tallaghhill to Kilcullen-bridge, without feeing any perfons on the roads or in the fields ; and yet at four o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Robert Douglafs of Gormanftown, came into Kilcullen, and informed the garrifon, that about three hundred rebels had affembled at the Rath of Gilltown the preceding night ; and that he was very well informed, that they meant ia a large body to attack the town, and to take general Dundas prifoner by furprife. In confequence of this intelligence, patrols were fent to all the avenues leading to the town, and the army and the yeomanry were ordered to be in readinefs.
At half paft eight, two of captain Latouche's corps, John Farange and Hugh Gribbin, were fent exprefs to Bailymore-euftace, to apprife the garrifon there of the rifing. About midway, they fell in with five hundred pikemen, af a fudden turn of the road. They knocked Gribbin off his horfe, and gave him. feveral ftabs of pikes ; however he is fince recovered. Farnage returned, and entered the town, crying aloudg,

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 170

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Gilltown, on the night before the 23rd of May, 1798, about three hundred rebels gathered at the Rath of Gilltown. That morning, a man rode alone from Tallaghhill to Kilcullen-bridge and saw no one on the roads or in the fields. Yet by four in the afternoon, Mr. Robert Douglass of Gormanstown came into Kilcullen and told the garrison what had assembled the night before. He said he was very well informed that they meant to attack the town in a large body and take General Dundas prisoner by surprise. Patrols were sent to all the avenues leading into the town. The army and the yeomanry were ordered to be in readiness. At half past eight, two of Captain Latouche's corps, John Farange and Hugh Gribbin, were sent express to Ballymore-Eustace to warn the garrison there of the rising. About midway, at a sudden turn of the road, they fell in with five hundred pikemen. They knocked Gribbin off his horse and gave him several stabs of pikes, though he has since recovered. Farange returned and entered the town, crying aloud.

Alderman James pursues Rangers to Drumcondra

near Drumcondra · townland · Dublin · 1793

Alderman James pursued the dispersing Dublin Rangers with a party of the army to Drumcondra, though they dispersed before he could approach them.

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In defiance of the proclamation of the eighth of December, to prevent the alTociation and affembHng of dilklfected perfbns in arms, under a pretence of obtaining a redrefs of grievances, the Dubhn Rangers paraded in Ship-flieet, on Sunday the twenty-fourth of February, 1793. Alderman James, unattended by any civil or mxilitary force, defired them to difperfe ; but," on their refufal, Mr. OHver Carleton, au adive and intelligent magiftrate, purfued and overtook them on ElTex-bridge, where he attempted to feize the adjutant ; telling him, at the fame time, that he was his prifoner ; but he Vv^as refcued. Mr. Carleton received fome bloivs, and was pelted with ftones by the mob, who were warm partifans of thefe armed traitors. Alderman James purfued them to Drumcondra, wdth a party of the army, but they difperfed before he could approach them.
On the fixteenth of January, the inhabitants of Belfaft affembled, and voted an addrefs of thanks to his majefty, for having recommended the Roman catholicks to the confideration of paruament.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Alderman James pursued the Dublin Rangers in 1793. They had paraded in Ship-street on Sunday the 24th of February that year, in defiance of a proclamation of the 8th of December meant to prevent disaffected persons from assembling in arms. Alderman James, unattended by any civil or military force, desired them to disperse. They refused. Mr. Oliver Carleton, an active and intelligent magistrate, pursued and overtook them on Essex-bridge, where he attempted to seize the adjutant, telling him he was his prisoner. The adjutant was rescued. Mr. Carleton received blows and was pelted with stones by a mob who were warm partisans of these armed men. Alderman James pursued the Rangers to Drumcondra with a party of the army, but they dispersed before he could approach them.

Armagh meeting on disarming counties

near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1798

At a provincial meeting held at Armagh, delegates said they could disarm the military in Derry, Donegal and Louth, but not in Down, Antrim, Armagh, and upper Tyrone, reflecting sectarian composition of those counties.

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At a provincial meeting held at Armagh, the county delegates were alked, v/hether they could difarm the military in their refpe£live counties ? and they faid, they could in Derry, Donegal, and Louth ; but .not in Down, Antrim, and Armagh, and the upper half of the county of Tyrone. § The reafon of this probably was, that in the three former the mafs of the people are papifts ; but in the latter, the proteflants and orangemen were numerous.
A very intelligent gentleman of the North affured me, that fuch of the linen merchants of the North as were members of the union, and wifhed for a revolution, imagined that it would be effected quietly, and without violence, as the army was attached to their caufe. Their property being perfonal, lying

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 116

As the companion tells it

Armagh, a town the road passes through, saw a provincial meeting in 1798. The county delegates were asked whether they could disarm the military in their respective counties. They said they could in Derry, Donegal, and Louth, but not in Down, Antrim, and Armagh, and the upper half of Tyrone. The reason, the account says, was probably that in the three former the mass of the people are Catholics, but in the latter the Protestants and Orangemen were numerous. A very intelligent gentleman of the North told the author that such of the linen merchants of the North as were members of the Union, and wished for a revolution, imagined that it would be effected quietly, and without violence, as the army was attached to their cause. Their property being personal, lying in small portions.

Armagh Spring Assizes: Peep-of-Day Boys Punished

near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1788

At the spring assizes of 1788 at Armagh, two peep-of-day boys were sentenced to fines and imprisonment for ill-treating a Roman Catholic.

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Some perfons of both parties were frequently convifted and punifhed. Two peep-of-day boys at the fpring afTizes of 1788, at Armagh, were fentenced to be fined and imprifoned for iil-treating a Roman catholick. Baron Power, in the year 1795, hanged three defenders, and two peep-of-day boys. In the year 1797, government fent the attorney-general, now lord Kilwarden, to Armagh, to difpenfe juftice equally to both parties. He tried alternately two
^6 MEMOIRS OF THE DIFFERENT

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

In 1788, at the spring assizes in Armagh, two peep-of-day boys were sentenced to be fined and imprisoned for ill-treating a Roman Catholic. The courts did sometimes punish both sides in these troubles. Baron Power, years later in 1795, hanged three defenders and two peep-of-day boys. And in 1797, government sent the attorney-general, later lord Kilwarden, to Armagh to dispense justice equally to both parties, trying them alternately.

Assassination of a sentinel at Tralee

Tralee · townland · Kerry · 1798

In January 1798, a soldier of the Tyrone militia, while standing as a sentinel at Tralee in county Kerry, was assassinated by a man disguised in woman's clothes.

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In the month of January, a foldier of the Tyrone militia, while (landing as a centinel at Tralee, in the county of Kerry, was affaflinated by a man difguifed in woman's clothes.
On Thurfday the twenty-fourth of January, a young man of the revenue corps of yeomanry was fired at near Blackrock, from behind a hedge, and was very badly wounded.

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 133

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in January 1798, a soldier of the Tyrone militia was standing as a sentinel when a man disguised in woman's clothes assassinated him.

Attack on messengers en route to Ballymore Eustace

Ballymore Eustace · town · Kildare · 1798

Two of captain Latouche's corps, sent express to Ballymore Eustace to warn the garrison of the rising, encountered five hundred pikemen midway; Gribbin was knocked off his horse and stabbed with pikes but recovered.

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At half paft eight, two of captain Latouche's corps, John Farange and Hugh Gribbin, were fent exprefs to Bailymore-euftace, to apprife the garrifon there of the rifing. About midway, they fell in with five hundred pikemen, af a fudden turn of the road. They knocked Gribbin off his horfe, and gave him. feveral ftabs of pikes ; however he is fince recovered. Farnage returned, and entered the town, crying aloudg,
To arms !"

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 170

As the companion tells it

Ballymore Eustace was the destination two men rode for in 1798. John Farange and Hugh Gribbin, both of Captain Latouche's corps, were sent express to warn the garrison there of the rising. About midway they met 500 pikemen at a sudden turn of the road. They knocked Gribbin off his horse and gave him several stabs of pikes, though he has since recovered. Farange got back and entered the town, crying aloud, "To arms!"

Bagenal Harvey appointed commander in chief at Carrickbyrne camp

Carrickbyrne · electoral division · Wexford · 1798

At a meeting of the commanders of the united army held at Carrickbyrne camp on 1 June 1798, Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey was unanimously elected commander in chief of the united army of county Wexford, with Edward Roche elected as a general officer.

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" At a meeting of the commanders of the united army held at Carrickbyrne camp, on the firll: of June^ 1798, it was unanimoufly agreed, that Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey ihould be appointed and eleded commander in chief of the united army of the county of Wexford, frorn and after the firft day of June, 1798-
Signed by order of the different commanding officers of the camp,

Internet Archive memoirsofdiffere01musg, Chapter 258

As the companion tells it

This is Carrickbyrne, where the commanders of the united army met on the 1st of June 1798. At that meeting they unanimously agreed that Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey should be appointed and elected commander in chief of the united army of the county of Wexford, from and after the first day of June 1798. Edward Roche was elected as a general officer.

Memoirs of the different rebellions in Ireland, from the arrival of the English : also, a particular detail of that which broke out the XXIIId of May, MDCCXCVIII : with the history of the conspiracy which preceded it (vol. 1)

The stories, best first

Protestant clergy driven from homes to Cork city for refuge

Protestant passengers imprisoned in Heron's house, Wexford

Protestant prisoners marched from Gorey to Wexford gaol, stripped and capped

Protestants flee for protection to Tullow, Dunlavin and Baltinglass

Rebel attack on Ross town and defence of the main-guard

Rebel forces massed near Rathcoole intending to surprise the garrison

Rebel insurrection at Kildare after surrender of arms

Rebels assemble at Fox and Geese common near Clondalkin

Rebel siege at Downings, the house of Mrs Bonynge

Rebels surrender arms to General Dundas at Castlemartin

Retaliatory executions ordered after the defeat at Ross

Retreat to Arklow and repulse of rebel attack

Schoolmaster Cunny caught administering defenders' oath near Letterkenny

Second rebel charge into Clane repulsed by volley

Skirmish Near Wexford and Retreat to Gorey

Trustees report the Barclay massacre to Bishop of Dromore

White Boys swear oath in Clonmel to assassinate the Earl of Carrick

William Byrne of Ballymanus, rebel captain, executed

Armstrong Disperses Rebels near Ashbourne and Lucan

Attack on the house of Mr. John Christian at Monasterevin

Bannow corps mustered at Carrig to oppose naval attack

Battle of Arklow: Rebel Column Formation and Attack

Burning of Robinson's house and Courtown

Catholics near Belturbet deterred by loyal Protestants

Charlemont's manifesto against armed papists in Armagh

Delegates Attempt to Seduce Artillery Corps at Chapelizod

Destruction of boats on the Ross river

Disarming of Traitorous Yeomen at Rathcoole

Esmond Kyan wounded at the battle of Arklow

General Eustace advises Catholic gentleman to leave Loughbrickland

General Loftus marches round rebels via Slievebuoy mountain to Carnew

Goldsmiths' corps disperse in Ship Street, Dublin

John Hay proposes massacre of protestants at Vinegar Hill, opposed by Edward Roche

Lanaghan's ears cropped in Loughinsholin barony

Maxwell's force attacked at foot of Forth Mountain

M'Quone executed at Armagh for murder of Donaldson, later pardoned

Murder of Mr. Harman at Bawn, County Longford

Murder of Revenue Officer Mr Pentland at Drogheda

Northern Star boasts of Belfast crowds saving harvest of jailed prisoners

Orange Institution formed in response to Defenders in Ulster counties

Plot to burn houses at Rathfarnham and fire the Liberty

Plunder of Protestant Houses in County Louth

Printer George Taylor forced to serve the rebel 'republick'

Provincial committee meeting at Shane's Castle

Rebel attack force marches from Vinegar Hill to Newtownbarry

Rumour of orangeman massacre spreads from Arklow to Bray

Suburbs of Enniscorthy burned during battle

Surrender of arms exhortations at Baltinglass

Test oath proposed to Cronebane corps of yeomen

Thomas Dixon's inn as rebel meeting place in Wexford

Titular bishop of Ossory Thomas Burke dies at Kilkenny

United Irishmen of Dublin Begin Sessions with Simon Butler and Napper Tandy

Urban Resistance to James I's Accession

Warning of rebel gathering at Rath of Gilltown

Alderman James pursues Rangers to Drumcondra

Armagh meeting on disarming counties

Armagh Spring Assizes: Peep-of-Day Boys Punished

Assassination of a sentinel at Tralee

Attack on messengers en route to Ballymore Eustace

Bagenal Harvey appointed commander in chief at Carrickbyrne camp