Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

1264 seizure of nobles at Castle-Dermot

In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldines quarrelled over land in Connaught, a meeting at Castle-Dermot to discuss their claims resulted in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley.

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Sites ; and was a place of considerable strength. A bulous legend asserts that, about the year 500, St. Diermit founded here a priory for regular canons ; and a story, currently believed, though very doubtfully authenticated, asserts that Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town, and interred in St. Diermit's priory, and that, about the same time, or in the year 842 or 844, the town was plundered bv the Danes. Earl Strongbow found the place, and the territory around it, in posteasion of the ancient sept of O'Tohills or O'Tooles ; and he conferred them on his follower, Walter De Riddlesford, the founder of the castle and the Crouched Friary. In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldinei had quarrelled respecting some land in Connaught, and had filled the kingdom with tumult and war, a meeting for the discussion of their claims was held at Castle-Dermot, and issued in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella, Lord-justice of Ireland, being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and his party, and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley. In 1315, while Bruce was overrunning ' Ireland, the Lordjustice made a great slaughter of insurgents at Castle-Dermot, who took advantage of the government being engaged with the invader to fling off their allegiance ; and next year, Bruce himself took and devastated the town, but shortly afterwards was, with much slaughter, defeated in its neighboarhood, by Lord Edmund Butler. In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a smaU army, advanced as fiiir as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster ; and while he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea. In 1499, a parliament was held in the town, and distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, — among others, Uiat both deigy and lait^ should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles when they were on horseback, and wear their robes when tiiey were in parliament. In 1532, Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, while in rebellion, and running a career of devastation, entered Castle-Dermot on a great market-day, killed many of the persons who were assembled, plundered the inhabitants, and destroyed numerous houses with fire. During the rebellion of 1641, the town was alternately in the possession of the eontending parties ; in 1650, it was taken by Colooeb Reynolds and Hewson ; and since that period it hM been crumbling away in silence, — a stranger to the turbulence of war, and scarcely less a stranger to

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

1278 feudal battle at Clare between O'Brien factions

near Clarecastle · population centre · Clare · 1278

In 1278, Mahon O'Brien suffered a sanguinary defeat at Clare in a great feudal fight against Donnell, son of Teigue Calishe O'Brien. Clare was at one time the county-town of County Clare.

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present century, it has been agitated from centre to circumference, and sometimes reduced to total and dismal anarchy, by systematic agrarian disturbances. CLARE, a town in the parish of Clare- Abbey, , barony of I<4lands, co. Clare, Munster. It stands on the river Fergus, and on one of the roads from Limerick to Eimis, 2 miles south by east of Ennis, 15} miles north-west of Limerick, and 109| west-southwest of Dublin. Its site is pleasant, and even beautiful; and its ownapfiearance, though unpretending, is cleanly and agreeable. An old oistlc is its most conspicuous feature ; and, by being transmuted into a convenient barrack, has rendered the town a regular military station. A good stone-bridge carries the highway across the Fergus. The profusely and picturesquely isleted estuary of the Fergus begins to expand A short distance below the town ; and the main body of the stream itself tumbles merrily over a ledge of rocks, beneath the walls of the castle, and is, instantly afterwards, stemmed by the tide. Rich lands of deep alluvium commence at the termination of the tideway, and expanding to considerable breadth, accompany the Fergus to the Shannon ; and lands of that broken, craggy, but opulently pastoral kind which prevail over so large an extent of the limefitone district of the county, commence alnio>t at the cataract, and stretch up the stream toward Ennis. Clare is the terminating point of the natural navigation of the Fergus ; and may be considered as the port of all the central districts of the county. The project of a canal hence to the vicinity of Ennis has frequently been discussed, and was recently reviewed by the Commissioners ; but, owing either to jobbing or to commendable prudence— authorities differ and seem almost balanced in saying whether— it has met no effective favour. A quay at Clare affords quite incompetent accommodation to vessels ; and the river, over a brief distance below, makes a sharp bend, has an inconvenient shallowness of water, and is much obstructed with rocks and islets. A wooden jetty was, in consequence, planned by the Commissioners for Improving the Shannon Navigation, to be constructed at a little distance below the town, on a spot which offers more facilities than any other in the neighbourhood for the approach of vessels. This work is estimated to cost £4,400 ; and it will admit of extension at any period when the state of trade may require increased accommodation. In 1835, the exports consisted of 3,007 tons of corn, meal, and flour, and were estimated in value at ^616,617; and the imports consisted of 1,671 tons of coals, culm, and cinders, valued at Jb' 1,52*2, and 39 packages of wrought iron and hardwares, valued at £150. A steamer sails twice a-week to Limerick ; and a car conveys passengers to it from Ennis. The other public conveyances, in 1838, were 3 coaches in transit between Limerick an<l Ennis. A dispensary in the town is within the Ennis Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 6,235; and, in 1839-40, it received jfl08 12s., and expended £107. The ruins of an old abbey stand ahout a mile to the north. See Claue-Abbey. Clare was, at one time, the county-town of co. Clare. In 1278, Mahon O'Brien sustained here a sanguinary defeat in great feudal fight with Donnell, son of Teigue Calishe O'Brien. The town gave the title of Viscount, in 1062, to Sir Daniel 0*Brien of Carrigaholt; and the title of Earl, in 1795. to John Fitzgihbon, who had, respectively in 1784, 1789, and 1793, been made Lord-chancellor of Ireland, Baron Fitzgibbon, and Viscount Fitzgibbon. Area of the town, 54 acres. Pop , in 18;)!, 1,021 ; in 1841, 879. Houses 148. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 54; in manufactures and trade, 75; in other

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

1499 parliament at Castle-Dermot with curious enactments

Castledermot · town · Kildare · 1499

In 1499, a parliament held at Castle-Dermot distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, including that both clergy and laity should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles on horseback and wear their robes in parliament.

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Sites ; and was a place of considerable strength. A bulous legend asserts that, about the year 500, St. Diermit founded here a priory for regular canons ; and a story, currently believed, though very doubtfully authenticated, asserts that Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town, and interred in St. Diermit's priory, and that, about the same time, or in the year 842 or 844, the town was plundered bv the Danes. Earl Strongbow found the place, and the territory around it, in posteasion of the ancient sept of O'Tohills or O'Tooles ; and he conferred them on his follower, Walter De Riddlesford, the founder of the castle and the Crouched Friary. In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldinei had quarrelled respecting some land in Connaught, and had filled the kingdom with tumult and war, a meeting for the discussion of their claims was held at Castle-Dermot, and issued in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella, Lord-justice of Ireland, being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and his party, and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley. In 1315, while Bruce was overrunning ' Ireland, the Lordjustice made a great slaughter of insurgents at Castle-Dermot, who took advantage of the government being engaged with the invader to fling off their allegiance ; and next year, Bruce himself took and devastated the town, but shortly afterwards was, with much slaughter, defeated in its neighboarhood, by Lord Edmund Butler. In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a smaU army, advanced as fiiir as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster ; and while he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea. In 1499, a parliament was held in the town, and distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, — among others, Uiat both deigy and lait^ should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles when they were on horseback, and wear their robes when tiiey were in parliament. In 1532, Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, while in rebellion, and running a career of devastation, entered Castle-Dermot on a great market-day, killed many of the persons who were assembled, plundered the inhabitants, and destroyed numerous houses with fire. During the rebellion of 1641, the town was alternately in the possession of the eontending parties ; in 1650, it was taken by Colooeb Reynolds and Hewson ; and since that period it hM been crumbling away in silence, — a stranger to the turbulence of war, and scarcely less a stranger to

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

1613 grant of Coleraine to London merchants

near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1613

In 1613, London merchants incorporated as the Governor and Assistants of the New Plantation of Ulster received a grant of Coleraine and a great part of the county of Londonderry. Their successors, the Irish Society, still hold the property as superiors, with the town let on leases under them.

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History.]— The very few points of historicnl interest which appear associated with the town, hsvi nearly all been mcidentally noticed in connection with its topography and statistics. The name Celemine ii possibly a corruption of C MtV-ra/Aea, whieb * the corner of ferns,' and may allude to the , growth of ferns in the sandy warrens of the i toward the sea ; or, wkb greater prohaliility, it ii derived from CuiUrath-ean^ * the fort on the cwmr or bend of the waters ;' and alludes to the aneicBl earthen works noticed in our section on the Environs. During the early monastic period, the received, from its site on the Bann, the Lntin i lative of Bannina. In 1613, a number of T merchants, who were incorporated by <
COL

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

1642 Battle in Clonakilty Streets

Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1642

During the 1641 rebellion, two companies of Lord Forbes' regiment were killed by the Irish in the streets of Clonakilty in 1642. A third company of Bandonians retreated about a mile to an old fort on the highway to Ross, held it until relieved from Rathberry, and then counterattacked, killing above 600 of the Irish.

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The old name of Clonakilty was Clowncallow. *' At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, aim. 1641," says Dr. Smith, ** the charter and other records of this borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird, who, at the hazard of his life, ei<caped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place, two full companies of Lord ForU^s* regiment were blain by the Irish in IG4'2; and the third company being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they also maintained till the rest of the regiment, then at Rathberry, came to their relief; and then they all fell upon the Iri»h, and killed above GOO of them." —The country around Clonakilty is a congeries of hills, intersected by little vales or hollows, and variegated with protruoiions of bare rock, — the vales watered by many nameless brooks, and the hills made intricate and mottled by the rocky protrusions. Numerous high bold cliffs rise on the sea-coast, and o<rca»ionally produce close scenes of considerable
romance and beauty Area of the town, 19G acre«>.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

1796 French invasion fleet thwarted by hurricane

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1796

In 1796, the most formidable fleet ever to leave the shores of France bore down on Bantry Bay with a force there was no preparation to repel. A hurricane of unparalleled fury providentially rescued the island from the invasion.

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BANTRY, a spacious and sublimely scenic bay in the baronies of Bere and Bantry, co. Cork, Munster. It penetrates the country ea«t-north-eastward ; and is separated from Dunmanus bay, on the right, by a peninsula of 2^ miles in mean breadth, — and from the Keumare rirer or estuary, on the left, by a peninsula of about 7^ miles in mean breadth. It enters between Sheep Head on the right, and Blackhall Head, or the most southerly termination of the Berehaven mountains, on the left ; and it is 8 miles wide at the entrance. Its length is 20 miles ; and its interior breadth varies between 2} and 8, and in general is upwards of 5. Its chief expansions or offshoots are Berehaven bay, commencing 3| miles from Blackhall Head ; Ardagh bay, commencing 2| miles from Berehaven bay ; the magnificently picturesque harbour or bay of Glengariff, penetrating northward from near the bead of the west side ; three small estuaries at the extreme east-north-east; and the small cove at the town of Bantry. The principd islands are Bere and Whiddy, the former covering Berehaven, and the latter lying off the town of Bantry ; and on the east side of \Vhiddy are four isles, called Chapel, Horse, Hog, and Rabbit Islands. The depth of water north of Bere islands is from 10 to 16 fathoms ; south of that island, from 30 to 40 ; eastward to Whiddy island, from 15 to 25; and in the roadstead for ships between Whiddy and the mainland, from 24 to 40, on good anchorage ground. Bere island acts as a breakwater, and keeps the surface of the interior calm, during the strong and prevalent south-west winds ; and so safe and capacious is the bay that nearly all the shipping of Europe could shelter in it in deep water. **In exploring the bay," says the author of the Guide to Killarney, **the informed tourist will find its interest heightened by many traditionary and historical recollections. He will hear or recollect, with a smile, the antiquarian dreams of the venerable visionary Keating, according to whom the antediluvian Beth landed here, and first took possession of the green isUnd, with three men and fifty women. Here, on a small island, his attention will oe directed to the site of a fortress belonging to that consummate statesman and leader, Carew, Lord- President of Munster in the days of Elizabeth. Here also he will recollect the descent of a French fleet in 1789,* under the command of Monsieur Perrault, which was only saved from the English fleet under Herbert by the unfavourable state of the wind, which did not permit more than a partial attack. And here also, last not least, he will recall the more formidable event of 1796, when this island was providentially rescued by a hurricane of unparalleled fury, from the most formidable fleet that ever left the shores of France, bearing a force which there was no preparation to repel. Connected with this recollection, strikingly conspicuous as a feature of the surrounding scenery, appear the fortress and tower built at considerable expense after this invasion. Of these the best that may be said is, that they add much to the picturesque beauty of the scene ; and although they cannot offer the slightest obstacle to future in-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

1798 rebellion damage at Carlow, Bagnalstown, Leighlin-Bridge and Borris

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1798

During the 1798 rebellion, County Carlow was the theatre of several actions and sustained damage chiefly at Carlow, Bagnalstown, Leighlin-Bridge, and Borris. Compensation of £24,854 was claimed for the damage.

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The Kavanaghs and other native chiefs paid little regard to the political arrangements of the English ; and seem to have early reacquired their consequence within the county, and to have obtained ascendeiicy over it, and long retained it with the town and castle in their possession. In 1494, the Fitzgeraldf seised the castle, and they held it till after the unsuccessful rebellion of Lord Thomas FiUgerald. In 1537, the Crown resumed possession of the lordship, and afterwards granted large estates in the county to the family of Butler. In 1567, Sir Peter Carew, the descendant of the former proprietors of Idrone, reacquired possession of the barony ; and he is celebrated for at once overawing and conciliating the Kavanaghs, inducing them to yield him uncontested authority, and exerting a benign influence on the social condition of the community. About 1580, a chief of the Kavanaghs was intrusted with both the seneschalship of the county, and the management of the Carew barony of Idrone; and he so abased the confidence reposed in him as to renounce allegiance, as>ert a right of sovereignty over all the territory which hail been ruled by Deroood MacMurrough, and levy forces for vindicating and establishing his claim. From 1590 till IGOl he remained constantly in arms, conducted a scourging system of predatory warfare, scoured the country as far as to the fastnesses of Wick low, and usually had 1,000 men or upwards of his own name under his command; and he was eventually reduced to submission by Sir Oliver Lambert. During the rebellion of I79B, tiie county was the theatre of several actions; and sus-
tained—4:hiefly at Carlow, Bagnalstown, Leighlin- Bridge, and Borris — an amount of damage, for which the sum of £24,854 of compensation was claimed.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 188

1830 housing conditions in Boyle

Boyle · town · Roscommon · 1830

In 1830, Mr. Weld observed extremely poor housing conditions in Boyle, describing tenements so vile that it was doubtful human beings could occupy them, with bent roofs, leaky thatch, and crumbling damp walls.

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the greatest prolongation of connected street, descends the brow of a hill to the hollow of the river* and ascends, on the north side, a steep and very inconvenient acclivity. The only street which has any pretensions to regularity is one not long ago built, from the bridge to the barrack, and sending the rear of its houses down to the river ; but even this, though partly edificed with large and lofty houses, is disfigured by others of an inferior description. Few houses, except in this street and in a limited locality on the opposite side of the river, bear any traces of ornament, whether in architectural structure, or in the accompaniment of paint or shrubs. The Irish town extends westward from the line of the old bridge, and somewhat parallel with the river, yet at a mean distance of 150 yards from it; and is a painful and disgusting segregation of crazy and squalid hovels, such as constitute the poorer section of by far the greater part of the towns of Ireland. " Tenements," says Mr. Weld, **were to be seen here in the year 1830, of a description so vile, that doubts might well be entertained if they could be occupied at all by human beings ; and certain am I, that in some countries, such places would be considered as too wretched for the meanest of the domestic animals : bent-in roofs, seemingly ready to give way; ragged and leak v thatch; crumbling damp walls, overgrown with lichens; green without and black within, from the soot deposited by the volumes of turf smoke which, before it can find an exit at the door, rolls arowid the hovel, involving all things in one common obscurity." Mr. Weld is a painstaking and minute topographist, and tells us, from his personal inspection, that, in 1830, the houses on the south side of the river were 82 thatched cabins, 10 small thatched cabins having a second story or a loft with windows, 26 small slated houses of two stories, 12 larger slated houses of two stories, and 15 houses of three stories ; and that those on the north side of the river were 247 thatched cabins, 84 small thatched cabins having a second story or a loft with windows, 9 small slated houses of two stories, 10 larger slated houses of two stories, 15 houses of three stories, and 9 houses of a larger and better description, of three and of four stories. Most of the good houses, and some of the public edifices, are constructed of hammered limestone ; one or two are built of fine chiselled limestone; and the new sessions-house, the bridewell, the dispensary, and the house of Lord Lorton's agent, are built of a beautiful sandstone.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

1841 Livestock Statistics in Cork City

Cork · city · Cork · 1841

In 1841, the city of Cork held 529 horses and mules, 1 ass, 301 cattle, 99 sheep, 1,603 pigs, and 4,651 poultry. The total value of this livestock within the city was estimated at £8,419.

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mules, 391 atiet, \OJ09A eittlA, 2S.S28 thMpk 77M pigs, and 86,066 poaltry; on hna» of frofli 5 to 15 acres, 13,550 horses and mulea, 166 um, 26,197 cattle, 46,779 sheep, 26,652 pigB. and 157JS1 7 poultry; on farms of from 15 to 30 acres, 13.643 horses nd mules, 154 asses, 29,743 catUe. 47*537 tlieep. VM* pigs, and 156,939 poultry ; and on fiuint of apwwdi of SO acres, 24,567 horses and moles, 644 sms. 80,373 cattle, 87,230 sheep, 50,095 pigs, and 313^490 poultry. The grand total of the seTeial elasMS ef live stock, vrith their respective estimsted valse, were 60.106 horses and mules, £480,864; 2,579 asses, £2,579; 150,566 csUle, £978322; 852,8M sheep, £276,164; 177,517 pig*. £221307; sai 919,144 poultry, £22,976. Grand total of vsloe, £1,965,324. But these statistics refer only to the strictly rural districts of the eountr. In 1841, the total of live stock in the dtjr of Cork eonaisted of 529 horses and mules, worth £4,232, — 1 ass, £],» 301 cattle, £1,957,-09 sheep, £109,-1.603 p^ £2,004,— and 4.651 poultry, £116. Total value sf live stock in the cit^ of Cork, £8,419. In the mmt year the total of live stock within the other dvie districts of the county consisted of 1.684 horses ssd mules, worth £l3,472,-.99 ssses, £99.— I,4l8esttk; £9.217,--94l sheep, £1,035,^6,642 pigs, £6jMB, —and 18,119 poultry, £453. Total value of IIts stock In other civic districts of the county than the city of Cork, £3*2,576.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

6th-century monastic foundation at Biorra (Birr)

Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 550–1162

The site of Birr, known as Biorra in the 6th century, claimed to have an early monastic institution founded by St. Brendan Luaigneus. It later became a feudal town of the O'Carrols that was contested by Irish tribes and the Danes.

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other Irish localities of ancient name, claims to havis had a very early monastic institution. The dreamer Archdall, referring to the 6th century, says, " St. Brendan Luaigneus, son of Neim or Nemaind, and a favourite poet, founded the abbey of Biorra." A feudal town, or an assemblage of dwellings inhabited by the retainers and followers of the toparch of the O'Carrols, was of sufficient bulk and wealth in the 9th century, to be an object of contention among the Irish tribes, and an object of attraction to their common enemies the Danes. In 1 162, it was burnt ; and toward 1200, it was wrested from the O'Carrols, and granted to the Butlers of Ireland, Theobald Fitzgerald, the founder of the great Irish family of the name of Butler. The O'Carrols repeatedly reacquired it by force, and were as often dispossessed. Gerald, 9th Earl of Rildare, laid siege to the castle, in aid of one of their attempts ; but he received on the head a wound from which he never entirely recovered ; he immediately withdrew his troops, and returned home; and, soon afterwards, he was arrested, and sent to the Tower of London, — a circumstance which occasioned the rebellion of his son. Lord Thomas Fitzgerald. The castle was besieged and reduced both by the Lord-deputy Grey and the Lord-deputy Brabazon : and Teig O'Carrol, submitting to the latter in 1549, and was created, for the period of his own life. Baron of Ely, by Edward VI. In 1557, the O'Carrols at length obtained possession of Birr by royal patent; but they soon plunged into rebellion, and, in 1612, suffered judicial and final confiscation. In 1620, Sir William Parsons, a gentleman of respectable family from Norfolk, received a grant of the town and the circumjacent estate from James I. ; and between that period and his death, he built flankers and barbicans to the castle, erected several new streets in the town, and effectually laid the foundation of Birr's prosperity. From 1641 till 1643, this ffentleman, the ancestor of the Earls of Rosse, conducted jointly with Sir John Borlase, the Lord-justiceship or general government of the kingdom. In the civil war of 1641, Captain William Parsons held Birr for the English ; but, after a severe siege, he was compelled, next year, to surrender to General Preston; and, in 1650, the Irish were, in their turn, expelled by the Parliamentarian General, Ireton. Captain Parsons adhered to the predominant party, and was put in repossession of his estates. Birr speedily recovered from the effects of the war; and, in 1689, was the seat of a sort of parliament of James II. Sir William Parsons, of that period, was suspected by the Jacobites to be attached to the cause of the Frince of Orange, and Mras comnoanded to surrender to a Jacobite colonel, of the name of Oxburgh, who had acted as his own steward ; but he resisted, and, though formally found guilty of high treason and condemned, was saved from James II. 's vengeance, and reinstated in his property, in consequence of the victory of the Boyne. A party of William the Third's troops occupied the castle and the town, surrounded them with earthen ramparts, suffered a siege within them from General Sarsfield« and compelled the Irish to retire after one day*f cannonading.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

Adare on the river Maig in Coshma barony

Adare · townland · Limerick

The barony of Coshma historically formed a narrow, irregular belt extending along the river Maig to a short distance below Adare, including a stripe on each bank of the stream. Adare is listed among the principal towns of the barony alongside Bruff and Croom.

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COSHMA, a barony in co. Limerick, Munster. It is bounded, on the north and north east, by Pobblebrlen ; on the east, by Small County and Costlea ; on the south, by co. Coric ; and on the west, by Connello and Kenry. Previous to recent changes, its greatest length, from north to south, was 14^ miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, was 7} ; its general breadth rarely exceeded 2j| ; and it formed a narrow belt, exceedingly irregular in outline, extending along the river Maig to a short distance below Adare, and including a stripe on each bank of the stream. But by authority of the Act 6 7 William IV., one townland of Adare, with a pop. of 47, was tran-iferred to it from Upper Connello, one townland of Tullabracky, one of Hackmys, and ten of Bruree, with a pop. of 874, were transferred to it from Small County, and one townland of Ballingaddy, with a pop. of 142, was transferred from it to Costlea. — The barony of Cosh ma, as now constituted, contains part of the parishes of Adare, Bruree, Croom, Drehidtarsna, Efllin, Hackmys, Killeenoghty, Killonoghan, Monasteraninagh, Tullabracky, and Uregare, and the whole of the parishes of Anhid, Athlacca, BrufT, Dromin, Dys^ert, Killbreedy-Minor, and Tankardstown. The towns and villages are Adare, Bruflf.and Croom. Area, 49.053 acres. Pop., in IS3I, 20,8*29;* in 1841, 21,705. Houses 3.209. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,534; in manufactures and traile, 573 ; in other pursuits, 514. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 4,187; who could read but not write, 1,258; who could neither read nor write, 4,055. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,236; who could read but not write, 1,430; who could neither read nor write. 5,970.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Alderman Henry Gill's bequest for aged men, 1761

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1761–1833

In 1761, Alderman Henry Gill bequeathed part of his estates for the annual support of 14 aged men born in or long resident in Carrickfergus. The charity was shamefully mismanaged by trustees, and by 1833 produced only £114 2s. 1d. per year, with ten almshouses built for pensioners.

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(Itarities, ^*r.] — A mendicity Institution wa« founded in lh20, and continued to be supported by about £170 a-year from subscriptions, and £«)5 6s. from the interest of charitable bequests. — In 1761, a beque^«t was made by Alderman Henry Gill, of a portion of his estates **for the annual support and maintenance for ever of 14 aged men, decayed in their circumstances, and that are not able to get a maintenance for themselves, and that have been cither born in, or inhabitants of the town and parish ot CiirricktergU'* fromtheiryouth ;" but it was shamefully mismanaged by the trustees, and, in 1833, pro- <iu«e(l only £11)4 '2s. Ijd. a-year. A Report of that year says: ** Ten houses, belonging to the charity, have been built, each of which is occupied by one of the pensioners ; ground has been laid out for tour others ; this, at present, is allowed for garden«> to two of the remaining pensioners. The annual stipend to each pensioner is £V1 18s. 6d.** — Henefaciiuns for various local charitable objects, but ehietly for the direct benefit of the poor, and varying buth in amount and in mode of application,
exist under the names of the Slievatroo Charity, Wilson's Bond, and Adair's, Ellis's, Lee's, Thomp. son's, Wilson's, Mrs. Wilson's, Mrs. Spaight's, and Mrs. Lee's bequests ; and other benefactions, under the name of Carlton's, Blatthews's, Davis's, Tennison's, Davis's and Francis Lee's bequests, have

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 194

Alleged 6th-century monastery at Clontarf

Clontarf · parish · Dublin · 550

A monastery or ecclesiastical establishment is alleged to have been built in 550 on the site now occupied by Clontarf church. It was said to have been converted into a Knights Templar commandery during the reign of Henry II.

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sniall and plain yet neat structure, having at the west end a low perterated pier intended to serve as a belfry. It contains several fairly-executed and wellpreserved sepulchral monuments, and the burialvault of the fiimily of Vemons of Clontarf. The predecessor of this church, in common with many others, was destroyed during the wars in the reigr> of Elizabeth ; and the present structure was built iu 1609. — A monastery, or some other eccleAia>tical establishment, is alleged to have been built in 550 on the site bow occupied by the church, and to have been transmuted in the reign of Henry II. into a romn^andery of Knights Templars. The cantle of ClonUrf, however, was probably the original pile belonginfir to the Templars ; and is believed to have been built in the reign of Henry II., by the Netterville family.— or, as others think, by Hugh de La<*y, Lord of Meath, or Adam de Fcspo, one of hia
464

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Alleged early abbey founded by St. Patrick

near Clogher · town · Tyrone

An abbey dedicated to the Virgin Mary is alleged to have been founded at Clogher prior to a similar institution at Armagh. Tradition claims it was presided over by St. Patrick before he began his work at Armagh.

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said to be commemorated in the name Clogher. The residence of very ancient toparchs is next alleged to have stood at the place, and to have made it the metropolis of the petty principality of Errigal; a fact pretended to be thoroughly vouched by the circumstance of a neighbouring parish being called to this day Errigal- Keerogue. An abbey, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is next alleged to have been founded previous to the date of the pretended similar institution at Armagh, and to have been presided over by St. Patrick, preparatory, or at least prior, to his commencing at Armagh the work of abbot, of archbishop, of primate, or of whatever other character fancy may assign to him in that ecclesiastical metropolis. A cell and monastery are next alleged to have l>een founded, several years before the close of the 5th century, by St. Macjrtin; and are of course very stoutly vouched by the fact, that this Macartins name is retained in the full designation of the modern parochial-cathedral church. All these structures are probably as undiscoverable by a calm and cautious antiquary, as they are invisible to a passing tourist ; and even storied structures of Inter periods possibly did not all exist in just the form, and for exactly the u.ses, which current description assigns them. We are told that the church of Clogher was rebuilt in 1041, and dedicated to St. Macartin ; that it was re-edified and eidarged, in 12U5, by Bishop Matthew MacCathasaidh ; and tiiat, at various periods preceding the close of the 14th century, there were built two chapels and a number of minor religious houses. But, in 1396, a fire is admitted to have swept the whole away ; and, in the absence of any very authentic documentary evidence, this occurrence, so wondrously convenient for the visionary antiquaries, may be quoted as quite a satisfactory reason for a man's cherishing no great faith in the abundant and singularly suspicious antiquities of Clogher.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 209

Alleged early priory and St Carbreus at Coleraine

near Coleraine · town · Derry · 500–600

Popular tradition asserts that a priory of canons was founded at Coleraine before the mid-6th century, with St Carbreus, a disciple of St. Finian of Clonard, as its first bishop or mitred abbot, and Eonall as the second. The tradition further claims the priory church survived undamaged and is the present parish-church.

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Sriory of canons is alleged to hare been foaaded ' ere before the middle of the 6th century, mi. to have been erased down to its very pavement as a quarry for the construction of the castle. Tet the popular story which says so — and which asserts dso that the first ** bishop, or *' mitred abbot, " of the ** priory" was St Carbreus, a disciple of St. 1 of Clonard, and that the second " bishop *' wm Eonall, the contemporary of St. Columb, '* the foaoder of the abbey of Derry" — bids us believe that the church of the priory totally escaped dUapidatioa, and is the well-preserved edifice now used as the parish-church ! ** I think the probability is," too^ says Mr. Sampson, *' that some other eon vent catended from the church of Coleraine to the hoaki of the Bann, near Mr. Rice's. In digging foaaji tions, bones have been found in great numben ul the latter place ; and at the former,** I undentMd. ** some slight traces have been remembered.'* Doahtful record tells us that in 030, Ardmedius, abbut of Coleraine, yna cruelly murdered by the T
I St

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 227

Allihies Copper Mine near Berehaven

Allihies · townland · Cork

The Allihies copper mine, located near Berehaven, is listed as one of the principal mines actively worked in County Cork. The region's coal and slate formations are noted to contain abundant iron, copper, lead, and manganese ores.

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of lime-burning for centuries to come. The veins which till many of the fissures of the day-slate rock abound in iron, copper, lead, and manganese ores. The various limestone of the county differs even more in economical adaptation than m geognostic structure, and furnishes both manuring material to the agriculturist, and a marble which vies with some of the Italian to the statuary and the ornamental architect. Marl, fuller's earth, potter's clay, and brick clay, occur in considerable abundance. The principal mines and valuable quarries worked are the Allihies copper mine near Berehaven, the Audle^ copper mine near Skibbereen, the Dromagh collieries near Kanturk, the Rock&rm limestone quarries on Little Island in Cork Harbour, and the Irish Dove Marble and Limestone quarries at Carrigacramp near Cloyne.
Woods.] — In 1841, the continuous plantations within the county consisted of 3,491 acres of oak, 644 of ash, 171 of elm. 278 of beech, 3.246 of fir. 40,706 of mixed trees, and 3,644 of orchards, — in all. 5*2,180 acres; and of these there were planted, previous to 1791, 2.790 acres of oak. 239 of ash, 45 of elm. 102 of beech, 25 of fir, 10.247 of mixed trees, and 822 of orchards. The number of detached trees, in 1841, wat. 2,301.506.— equal to 14.384 acres; and thus the total of wood was 66.564 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Almshouses built by Belturbet corporation for poor widows

Belturbet · town · Cavan · 1733

Almshouses were built by the Belturbet corporation in 1733 for six poor widows. The inmates were supported from the proceeds of a legacy left by Mr. Maunsell of Dublin.

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BELTURBET, a post, market, and corporate town, partlv in the parish of Drumlane, but chiefly in that of Annagh, barony of Lower Loughtee, co. Oavan, Ulster. It stands on both banks of the river Erne, but chiefly on the east bank, about midway between Lough Oughter and Upper Lough Erne, 7 miles north-north-west of Cavan, and 62 north-west bv north of Dublin. The Drumlane section is usually called Kilconnv. The environs of the town, particularly along the river, are interesting, and, in several instances, softly beautiful. The Erne, just where it reaches the town, makes a waterfall, then embraces an islet, and then passes beneath the town's bridge. The interior of the town is poor and almost forbidding. Main-street and Church-street jointly extend upwards of 500 yards somewhat parallel with the river; another street of nearly 200 yards in length runs parallel with the former, and is nearer the river; Bridge-street intersects these, and curves over a distance of about 300 yards; a sinuous street, the chief suburb on the west bank of the stream, extends over a distance of about one-fourth of a mile ; and a street, upwards of 200 yards long, defleets from beyond the lower end of Main-street,4ind runs past the barrack to the edge of the river at Creenv Bridge. But the whole are so incompact, so irregularly edificed, and so thinly sprinkled with good or tolerable houses, as to look like a medley assemblage of mere village suburbs. The markethouse has a rather fair appearance, or at least ought to have it, as it has been the grand care of the corporation, the chief or sole apology for their expenditure of funds, the old pot ot their constant tinkering and polishing. The bridge is a new structure of stone. Other objects of interest are the parishchurch of Annagh, a Methodist meeting-houie, a Roman Catholic chapel, several schools, a military barrack, and the remains of an old fortification. See Annagh. A troop of cavalry is generallv stationed in the barrack. Excepting a large distillery nearly opposite the waterfall, there is no manufacture, nor is there any staple trade. A weekly market is held on Saturday, and witnesses a considerable traffic in com. Fairs are held on Ash- Wednesday, May 21, June 12, July 21, Sept. 4, and the first Thursday after Nov. 12. The Erne, when its waters are high, is navigable hither for barges carrying timber, coal, and other commodities ; and, owin^ to the junction with it of the Ulster canal at a pomt a little below the town, traffic may be expected to originate eastward to the basin and ramifications of Lough Neagh, and may possibly be stimulated southward to Ennis- Killen and Belleek. A dispensary in the town is within the Cavan Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 89,961 acres, with a pop. of 21,033 ; and, in 1839-40, it received £124 10s. 8d., expended jei37 8s. 5jd., and administered to 1,750 patients. A Loan Fund, in 1841, bad a capital of £1,457; circulated £5,230 in 1,634 loans; realized £96 6s. 7d. of nett profit, and expended £105 14s. 3d. on charitable purposes. Almshouses were built by the corporation in 1733 for 6 poor widows; and the inmates are supported from the proceeds of a legacy by Mr. Maunsell of Dublin.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

Amethyst quarry near Blackrock, Cork

near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1804–1824

Around 1804, an amethyst quarry was discovered in a field adjoining the Blackrock road about a mile from Cork. It was worked briefly before a Chancery dispute over proprietorship halted operations; many tons of earth were thrown over the excavations and a guard placed to prevent further search, though good crystals were still occasionally found.

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ture in the pointed style. The spire of this edifice, ereatly admired for its symmetry, was partly torn into an aerial Avreck, and partly hurled awa^ to the distance of 60 or 80 yards, by a stroke of lightning in January 1836. The Roman Catholic chapel, built in 1824, usually attended by 7^ persons, and par. ocbially united to the chapel, or titular cathedral of St. Finbarr, occupies a conspicuous situation in the scenery of the peninsula. The Ursaline nunnery, attended in its chapel by about 100 persons, is an imposing: edifice, of a great centre and two wings, and has a pleasant lawn interposed between it and the river. Blackrock-castle, the fortalice of Cork, was originally a circular tower, built early in the reign of James I., bv the Lord-deputy Mountjoy, for the protection of the river; and closely resembled the blockhouses, erected in the time of Henry VIII., for the defence of the entrance of Southampton water, and other parts of the English coast. In 1722, the corporation of Cork repaired it, and raised upon it an octagonal room or tower, surmounted by a cupola; and here, on the 1st of August, when the corporation sailed down the estuary, and threw a dart into the sea in assertion of their rights of admiralty, the mayor annually held his court as admiral of the harbour. The greater part of the building was destroyed by an accidental fire; and the | present pile was erected on the site of the old, after ; designs by Mr. Pain, and stands at an angle of the ' peninsula, sentineUlike, guarding the entrance into ' Lough Mahon, and adding mueh to the picturesque j effect of the natural beauties of the river. A large j circular tower, with a crenelated parapet, rises from bold deep corbels, is pierced with numerous horizon- | tally-labelled windows, and contains a small ban- ; quetting-room ; at its east end, a slender cylindrical ; round tower rises several feet higher than it, and | exhibits after dusk a light for the guidance of the | shipping; behind are several low oblong buildings in a style to correspond with the towers ; and at the east side is a broad-arched barbican, flanked by small j hexagonal embattled towers, and leading out by a flight of steps to the edge of the river. A plain, small ivy-mantled tower, called King-Mahon-castle, stands in front of Castle-Mahon demesne ; and the ruin of an old mansion, called Dundanion-castle, stands half-a-mile west of Blackrock-castle, and is laid down on the plan of Cork given in the Pacata Hibernia as " Galwaies Castell." The old Irish sept of Mahony, who anciently held large possessions in the vicinity, gave the name of Lough Mahon to that part of the Lee which lies between Blackrock and the Great Island ; and bequeathed their name also to Lady Chatterton's demesne. The grounds between the Douglas river and Blackrock-castle are called the Ring, a corruption of r^ea, < a promontory.' West>vard of Blackrock, and in some degree identified with it, is the village of Ballintehple : which see. *' Adjoining the Blackrock road, in a field about a mile from Cork," said Mr. Croker in 1824, *' amethysts have been found, but of an inferior quality to those procured in foreign countries. The quarry was discovered more than 20 years since ; I and after being worked for a short time, the question of proprietorship got into Chancery, where it still remains. Many tons of earth were thrown over the excavations which had been made, and a guard placed to prevent farther search ; but notwithstanding these ))recautions, I have seen some good crystals recently picked up there. It is the opinion of those ! more conversant than myself with geology, that a | few months further work would have completely exhausted this amethystine mine, as from its situa- I tion it cannot be extensive. Many curious anecdotes ' are told' relating to its first discovery, which, of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

Ancient building remains near Cloyne Cathedral

Cloyne · town · Cork

The remains of a very ancient building measuring 30 feet by 19 stand within the cemetery at a brief distance from the north-east angle of the cathedral. It is supposed to have been the original church of Cloyne or predecessor of the present cathedral.

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Buildinys adjoining the Cathedral. "^ — The ceme* tery around the cathedral is spacious, and acquires a secluded and agreeable appearance from numerous trees planted upwards of a century ago by Bishop Maule. Within it, and at a brief distance from the north-east angle of the cathedral, are the remains of a very ancient building, measuring 30 feet by 19, and f^uppo<ed to have been the original church of Cloyne, or predeces'ior of the present cathedral. Beyond the enclosure, and separated from it by the high road, yet only about 100 feet distant from the north-west angle of the cathedral, stands a pillar-tower, 10 feet in diameter, and originally 9*2 feet in height. In 1683 it was renovated, and began to be used as a belfry ; and, in 1749, a stroke of lightning rent the vaulted top, threw down the bell, and considerably damaged the walls of the pile. After this demolition of the conical roof, an embattlement was placed round the top, so that the tower slightly differs in appearance from the other interesting Irish antiquities of its class. — The palace and Episcopal (lemesne, connected with the cathedral, were the residence of a long line of bishops up to the recent annexation of the see to Cork and Ross : and are ¥0 interestingly described in the Letter to which allusion has been made from Bishop Bennett to Dr. Parr, that we are induced to quote the passage : *' The Episcopal house is at the east end of the village; a large irregular building, having been altered and improved by different bishops, but altogether a comfortable and handsome residence. The side next to the village has a very close screen of trees and shrubs ; and three other ^ides look to a large garden, and a farm of 400 acres. T\\\< farm constitutes what is called the mensal lands, is generally close to the palace, and was intended for the corn and cattle consumed at the bishop's table. The garden is large — four acres — consi«*ti ng of four quarters full of truit, particularly strawberries and raspberries, which Bishop Berkeley had a predilection for; and separated as well as surrounded by shrubberies, which contain some pretty winding walks, and one large one, of nearly a quarter of a mile long, adorned for great part of its leiik'th by a hedge of myrtles, six feet high, planted by Berkeley's uwn hand, and which hi^ each of them a lar^e ball of tar put to their roots. At the end of the garden in what we call the rock shrubbery, a walk leading under young trees among sequestered rrag«4 of limestone which hang many feet above our heads, and ending at the mouth of a cave ut utiknowM lenu:th and depth, branching to a great (ii-tance under the earth, and sanctified by a thousand wild triwiition*:."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 223

Ancient castle and martello towers on Bantry Bay islets

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

Among the islets studded across Bantry Bay's placid waters, one is crested with an ancient castle, another crowned with a modern battery, a martello tower stands on another, and the ruins of a fishing palace appear on yet another. These features contribute to the rich scenic setting of the bay.

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ftoints piercing the cumulo stratus of the clouds, and eaving you to guess at their mysterious altitudes ; nearer still to the north-west. Hungry Mountain, rising like an embattled wall before ^ou, and down the mural descent, as relieved from its background, fell the cataract of Adrigoll, in a perpendicular column of 800 feet 1 — ^nearer still, facing the north, the Sugarloaf Mountain, almost as white in its siliceous quartoze formation as if it were crystallized sugar; directly under my feet was the inner harbour of Bantry, protected and divided from the outer bay by the green island of Whiddy ; and up and down on that placid water were studded isles and islets, one crested with an ancient castle, another crowned with a modern battery, — here a martello tower, there the ruins of a fishing palace ; and, to finish the setting of this rich jewel, the trees, woods, hills, and fine mansion-house of Lord Bantry, his green and highly dressed lawn, sweeping down in easy undulations to the very water's edge. I cannot say how much I was struck with this delightful ioui emembU, And certainly, as was exemplified here, any thing that is admirable is made much more so by contrast. I had for miles travelled over a dull and dreary way — bare, desolate, unsatisfactory — rocky elevations, or gloomy moors, crowded with miserable huts, a population evidently and fearfully increasing, amidst difficulties and privations altogether insufficient to check its monstrous progress; and I bad read Malthus's convincing but gloomy book ; and war, pestilence, and famine, * terribilis visu fonns,' rose up in necessary association, as summoned to feast on and make prey in future of this teemii^ population. It therefore was a pleasant relief, coming down from this district, to rest on the sweet green shores of Bantry bay, to feast the eye on the wooded hills, with all their herds and deer, of Lord Bantry's park, hanging as it does in umbrageous verdure over this noble sheet of water ; and, to ftdd
BAN

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Ancient castle at Castletown, Louth

Castletown · townland · Louth

Castletown-House near Dundalk is a modern lodge adjacent to an ancient castle, situated amid a partially planted demesne of about 100 acres and the seat of Mr. Eastwood. The castle surmounts a hill and forms a conspicuous object in an extensive landscape.

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CASTLETOWN, a parish partly in the barony of Lower Dundalk, but chiefly in that of Upper Dundalk, 1^ mile west-north-west of the town of Dundalk, co. Louth, Leinster. The Lower Dundalk section forms a detached district, and lies 2^ miles east of the main body. Length of the Upper Dundalk section, southward, 2| miles; extreme breadth, 2 miles; area, 2,047 acres, 3 roods, 18 oerches, — of which 47 acres, 20 perches, are in Newtownbalregan Lough. Length and breadth of the Lower Dundalk section, 1 mile and } of a mile ; area, 562 acres, 5 roods, 35 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1841, 1,043. Houses 174.* Pop. of the Upper Dundalk section, in 1831, 838; in 1841, 718. Houses 129. The ecclesiastical parish includes only the Upper Dundalk section. The land of that section is of very good quality. The road from Dublin to Armagh traverses the interior. Castletown-house, a modern lodge, adjacent to an ancient castle, and situated amid a partially planted demesne of about 100 acres, is the seat of Mr. Eastwood. The castle surmounts a bill, and forms a conspicuous object in an extensive
• The Censoa of 1831 does not notice the Lower Dundalk

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Ancient castle of the Verdons at Clonmore, Louth

Clonmore · street · Louth

In Clonmore parish, County Louth, vestiges exist of an old church and of an ancient castle of the Verdons, who are said to have represented the county in parliament. The present church was built by Primate Robinson, a handsome edifice surmounted by a steeple and minarets.

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crops. Stones for building, and limestone gravel for manure, might be raised. Vestiges exist of an old church, and of an ancient castle of the Verdons, who are said to have represented the county in parliament. The present church was built bj Primate Robinson, and is a very handsome edifice, surmounted bv a steeple and minarets. A dozen of comfortable slate houses, with suitable offices, were also built by Pri. mate Robinson, solely at his own expense, for the use of his tenantry. Pop. of the hamlet of Clonmore, in 1831, 74; in 1841, not specially returned. A road passes through the parish from Barmeath to Bunany Point, and is intersected at the hamlet by a
road from Anagasson This parish is a rectory, and

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Ancient church of Clonmacnoise parish

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1741–1742

The parish church of Clonmacnoise is very ancient and was a mere ruin about 104 or 105 years before the gazetteer's publication, but was repaired and new-roofed by means of parochial assessment. It had only 80 sittings and attendance of 16 to 20.

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glebe, £60. Gross income, £324 Jm, 3d.; nett, £303 6s. 8id. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorid tithes are equal in value to the vicarial, and belong to the sinecure deanery of Clonmacnoiie ; but tbey are not paid. The church is very aiidcDt. and about 104 or 105 years ago was a mere ruin, but was re* paired and new-roofed by means of parochial aiseii ment Sittings 80; attendance, from 16 to 20. The Roman Catholic chapel at Shannon-Bridge is attended by about 350, and that at Clonfiuilough by abont 700; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial airangement, they are mutually united. In 1834, the Frotestants amounted to 155, and the Roman Cathdiei to 3,971 ; and 8 dailv schools—one of which was in connection with the London Hibernian Society, and also received £2 a-year from the vicar, and oiie was salaried with £10 from the fiurmera of Clonlyon and Clonlyon Glebe—had on their books 205 boys tad 146 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 213

Ancient Dun earthwork and castle ruins at Clane

Clane · town · Kildare

In the immediate vicinity of Clane town are an ancient earthwork of the kind called a Dun and the ruins of an old castle whose history appears to be lost.

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The town of Clane, in the above parish, stands on the left bank of the Liffey, and on the road from Dublin to Rathangan, 6^ miles south-west by west of Celbridge, 12^ east-north-east of Rathangan, and I6j west-south-west of Dublin. This tovm waa burned in 1798, and was afterwards rebuilt A bridge of 6 arches maintains communication across the Liffey. In the immediate vicinity are an ancient earthwork of the kind called a Dun, and the ruins of an old castle, the history of which appears to be lost. An ebbev for canons regular is alleged to have been built at Clane in the 6th century bv St. Ailbe, and to have been, in the 12th century, toe meeting, place of a synod, which waa composed of 26 bishope and numerous abbots and other dignitaries, and whidi ordained that none but alumni of the eollese of Armagh should be eligible to professorships of divinity. The pretended antiquity of the abbey possibly points to a remote Culdean establishment. A Frandscaa friary, considerable remains of which still exist, was founded, nobody knows by whom, in the early pari of the 13th century. The manor of Chine formerly belonged to the fiunily of Sarsfield ; it passed from them to the fiMnily of Wogan,— .Archdall and Seward erroneously sav, to the family of O'Hogain t and it was sold by the representatives of the Wogens, ai the same tame as RATBcomtT : which see. Fani are held in the town on April 28, July 25^ and Oct* 15. Area of the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,216 ; in 1841, 335. Houses 51.
CLANEBOT, or Clandkbot, a qaoodam territorial name of part of the counties of Antrim and Down, Ulster. In the reign of Edward IIL, the sept of Huffh-Boy O'Neill, who inherited part of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Ancient ecclesiastical pile at Camus on the Bann

Camus · townland · Derry · 500–1846

Faint vestiges survive of a very ancient ecclesiastical pile at Camus (originally Cambos) on the Bann, 3 miles below Coleraine. Remains include a font, a defaced sculptured pillar, and an old cemetery; tradition attributes it to St. Congal of the late 6th century.

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Enoirons.'] — The word 'environs* brings into one group several objects of interest which lie dispersedly in both parishes, and even beyond their limits. Jackson. Hall, the residence of Mrs. Maxwell, stands about a furlong below the suburb of Killowen ; and, though itself an old-fashioned edifice, contributes a well-wooded demesne to the landscape of the town and river. Millford, the seat of S. C. Bruce, Esq., the glebe-houses of Coleraine and Killowen, and several villas, lodges, and neat farm -houses, all adjoin the town, or stand within a short distance of it, and form features of beauty in its valley. The Bann, about a mile above the town, falls over a ledge of rocks 13 feet in height, forming a very broad and a somewhat picturesque cataract, called the Salmon Leap. A factory belonging to the Hon. Irish Society stands at one end of the cataract; and a pleasant walk leads to it from the town up the banks of the river. At Mount- Sandell, a mile south of the town, is a fine ancient earthen work or Daniidi mound, one of the largest in the kingdom, boldly overhanging the river, and partly covered with wood. Another ancient earthen work occupied a spot where the terraces of Jackson-Hall now stand; and a third occurs on the river side, opposite the Cranagh. Faint vestiges exist of a very ancient ecclesiastical pile at Camus, originally Cambos, on the Baiui, S miles below the town; yet they are to l>e traced chiefly in the monumental remains of the font, of a curious, defaced, sculptured pillar, and of an old cemetery. A blind passion for monastic antiquity in every ecclesiastical monument, of course asserts the pile to have been an abbey ; and it even condescends, in the far-sightedness of its penetration, to inform us that the abbey was a celebrated oue, and that it owed its origin to St. Congal, who flourished in the latter part of the 6tb century. Not a tiew interesting features of the great basaltic field of ADtrim aud
476

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 226

Ancient granitic cross and baptismal font near Fassaroe

near Old Connaught · population centre · Dublin

Within the wall of Mr. Westby's demesne, on the road from Old Connaught village to Fassaroe, stand an ancient granitic cross with arms enclosed in a rudely sculptured circle, and an ingeniously executed baptismal font on a modern pedestal.

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▼ourite cemetery; and within the wall of Mr. West-' by *8 demesne, on the left side of the sequestered road which leads from Old Connaught village to the mansion of Fassaroe, stand an ancient granitic cross, whose arms are enclosed in a rudely sculptured circle, and an ingeniously executed baptismal font on an
elevated pedestal of neat modern workmanship

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Ancient round tower at Castledermot church

Castledermot · town · Kildare

An ancient round tower on the north side of Castledermot parish church consists of large, round, uncemented blocks of Wicklow stone, with a square-headed entrance, an eastern window, and a north-western loophole. It is completely ivy-clad and has for years been used as a belfry.

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— The parish-church wm originally an edifice of considerable extent ; but. over its western half, has for many years been a ruin. The gjeat western doorway still remains, and exhibits a semicircular ' arch, ornamented with dentils; and the eastern division, which has been restored, and is the part now in use, displays various plain arches of dissimilar forms. An ancient round tower on the north side of the church consists of large, round, uncemented, blocks of Wicklow stone ; has a square-headed ancient entrance, an eastern window, and a northwestern loophole; is completely ivy-clad from the summit down to about 10 feet from the ground, and has for years been used as a belfry. Between the tower and the church is a passage about 10 feet long, communicating with a rude circular doorway which
formerly opened into the church A large and well

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Ancient wooden bridge at Cappoquin over the Blackwater

Cappoquin · town · Waterford

Cappoquin was anciently a great thoroughfare commanding a bridge across the Blackwater; an act of 17 and 18 Charles II commanded a bridge to be built there, using preamble language implying a previous one existed. Though wooden, the bridge possessed interest from its antiquity, yet 8 or 9 years before publication it had become so crazy it could be oscillated end to end by a single individual.

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hastening to pay tribute to the monarch river ; and it borrows much embellishment from the immediate vicinity of Cappoquin-house and demesne. The town was anciently a great thoroughfare, and commanded an ancient bridge across the Blackwater. An act of 17 and 18 Charles II. commanded a bridge to be built here ; but employed language in the preamble which implied that a previous one existed. The bridge, though a Wooden one, possesses interest from its antiquity ; yet, 8 or 9 years ago, it became so crazy that it could be made to oscillate from end to end by a single individual. A castle was built at Cappoquin by the Fitzgerald family ; though at what time is uncertain. This castle was garrisoned, during the civil war of the 17th century, by Capt. Hugh Croker, for theZarl of Cork ; in 1642, a party of rebels took post in the vicinity, and were defeated, with the loss of 2 captains and 200 men, by Lord Broghill ; and, in 1645, the ca&tle, after an obstinate resistance, was captured by Lord Castlehaven. The pile was long ago entirely modernized. Cappoquin<
and Donore House and Donore Lodge are situated

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

Anglo-Norman conquest of Cork, 1172–1195

Cork · city · Cork · 1172–1195

Cork was surrendered by Dermod MacCarthy to the English in 1172, taken by Milo de Cogan in 1177, besieged by MacCarthy in 1182 and 1185, and retaken by the Prince of Desmond in 1195. The English held it under perpetual siege conditions for generations.

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History.'} — St. Finbarr's establishment, founded near the commencement of the 7th century, must be regarded as strong presumptive evidence that all the country around the bito of the subsequent city M-as, up to that period, wholly or chiefly a desert Similar establishments, at all events, are proved by numerous existing monuments, by records, and by their own genius, to have been usually erected in solitary and even dismally sequestered situations ; and that of Finbarr exhibits no feature which can indicate it to have been an exception. His school is said to have been attended by 700 students ; and though this statement is probably much exaggerated, it affords an intelligible hint that a village or incipient town speedily rose around his establishment. The Danes are frequentlv said to have surrounded the town by a wall in the 9th century ; but they iigure in record as enemies and spoliators of the place down to the year 1013; and they seem to be assigned an earlier friendly connection with it, only by the anachronism of writers who find them in possession of a section of the town at the date of the Anglo-Norman Conque^^t, and hastily infer that they were its founders. The village, soon after the time of St. Finbarr, acquired such consequence as to be called Corcuige-More, or Great Cork; though, after all, this may but have been the name of the mariih, the great marsh, on the edge of which it stood. In 814, the inhabitants are said to have committed great havoc in Muskerry; an<l, in 822, 833, 839, and 1013, the town was laid waste, or partially burned, by the Danes. In 1172, the town — then walled, and regarded as a place of considerable strength — was surrendered by Dermod Mac- Carthy, Prince of Desmond, to the English ; in a brief period, it returned to the possession of the Irish; in 1177, it was stormed and taken by Milo de Cogan; in 1182, it was besieged by Dermod MacCarthy, but relieved by Raymond 1e Gros ; in 1 185. it was again unsuccessfully besieged by Dermod MacCarthy ; and, in 1195, it was taken by the Prince of Desmond, probably Dermod MacCartby's son. The English soon reacquired possession ; and they for generations held the place against the united forces of MacCarthy, O* Lough lin, and other Irish leaders ; but they almost literally lived in a state of perpetual siege, they never ventured beyond the walls except in strong and armed bodies, and they were compelled, as Hollinshed tells us, " to watch their gates hourlie, to keepe them shut at service time, at meales, from sun to sun, nor sutfer aiiie stranger to enter the citie with his weapon, but the same to leave at a lodge appointed." But after the invention of gunpowder and the introduction of artillery, Cork ceased to have the power of making any prolonged

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Annesley ancestor created Baron Annesley of Castlewellan in 1758

near Castlewellan · town · Down · 1758

The ancestor of the Earl of Annesley was created Baron Annesley of Castlewellan on September 20, 1758. Castlewellan mansion, the seat of the Earl, included a lodge, a Gothic temple, and a farm-yard within a demesne of 400 or 500 acres of hill and dale.

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CASTLE-WELLAN, a small market and poit town in the parish of Kilmegan, barony of Upper Iveagh, CO. Down, Ulster. It stands on the road from Newry to Downpatrick, 4 miles west-southwest of Clough, 7 miles east by north of Rathfriland, and 64^ north by east of Dublin. The beauty, symmetry, and pretending bulk of this village, with its market-house and 8pire,-^the stirring and prosperous aspect of two bleaohing establishments id an adjacent valley on the north-west, — the richly planted hills which close up the environs in the direction of Clough, — the superb grounds of Castle- Wellan demesne, in the opposite direction, with its profuse plantations, and the spheric cone of its beautiful Gothic temple, — and the melting of this demesne into the instant and grand perspective of the Mourne mountains, render the village and its environs one of the most magnificent and imposing scenes in the county. The mills of the two bleachyards are turned by a stream which issues from a lake in Castle- Wellan demesne; and about 20 years ago, they annually finished 7.000 or 8,000 peces of linen. A weekly market Is held for the sale of linen yarn and agricultural produce ; and fairs are held on Feb. 1, May 1, June 1, Sept. 1, Nov. 13^ and the Tuesday before Christmas. A dispensary in the village is within the Downpatrick Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 34,805 acres, with a population of 19,223; and, in 1639, it expended £166 16s., and administered to 3,901 patients. A small surgical hospital connected with the dispen* sary, disposed, in 1839, of 8 cases. Castle- Weilan mansion is the seat of the Earl of Annesley; its appendages are a lodge, a Gothic temple, and a farm-yard ; its demesne and farm comprehend 40O or 500 acres of hill and dale, and so richly combine artificial ornament, practical utility, and natura landscape, as to present to tourists uniqueness ii blending with power and beauty; and its viewf especially from the vantage-ground on which tb temple stands, are such, says Mr. Atkinson, as " e« only be tasted with rapture by that eye throng which the majesty of Nature communicates itself a silent eloquence to the imagination.*' The anoesK of the Earl of Annesley was created Banm M» nesley of Castle- Wellan, on Sept 20, I75a Afa of the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1831, 729; in IHl. 806. Houses 144. Families emplovcd ehicdyin agriculture 26 ; in manufactures and trade, II7«UI other pursuits, 11. Families dependent chiefly M property and professions, 8 ; on the directii^oC labour, 120; on their own manual labour, 28.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Antiquities of Buolick parish

Buolick · townland · Tipperary

The parish of Buolick in County Tipperary features chief antiquities including a ruined church and three castles. The land is also noted for a considerable quantity of coal being mined in the area.

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7 miles east by south of Thurles, ca Tipperary, Muii^ter. Length, 4^ miles; breadth, 2|; area, 7.110 acre<^. Pop., in 1831. 2.271 ; in 1841, 2,660. Hou-es 416. Some of the land is good; but much h hilly and light; and a portion is bog. A considerable quantity of coal is mined. The seats are Littlefield and Pastorviiie, and the chief antiquities are a ruined church and 3 castles. The remotest of the three headstreams of the King's river rises in the interior. The portion of bog within the limits is continuous with bogs of other denominations, and forms with them a morass of 7,937 Enpliijh acres in area. The other denominations are Baurerihle, Clounourha, Pointstown, GlinK6old, Lanespark, Littleton, Baflydavid, Nooar, Derryhogan. and Leigh. The morass is bounded, on the north, by the road leading from Urlingford to Littleton; on the east, by Gortnaboo and Buolick ; on the south, by New Birmingham; and on the west, by Ballydavid and the Littleton river. Its highest and lowest points lie respectively 419 and 377 feet above sea-level; it is all red bog; and, except at the summits, it is tolerably firm. Ei^timated co-^t of reclamation, £12,577 12s. 7d. — Buolick parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of DrRRisLEiGH [which see], in the dio. of Cashel. Tithe compoMtion. £420. Though held by the treasurer of Ca>hel cathedral, the rectory does not form pnrt of the corps of the treasurership. The K email Catholic chapel has an attendance of between 800 and 900; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Kilcooley. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 45, and the Roman Catholics to 2,345 ; and 3 National schools — eacli aided with £8 from the Board, and some ad vantages from subscription — had on their books ISO boys and 99 girls.
BUR. See Ballthalbert.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Antiquity of the Corporation of Clonmel

Clonmel · town · Tipperary

The Corporation of Clonmel was of great antiquity, likely existing by prescription, and possessed historical charters dating back to the reign of Edward I.

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Municipal Affairs. ] — The corporation of Clonmel appears to be of great antiquity, and to have probably existed by prescription ; and it had charters or kindred documents of 27 Edward I., 11 and 13 Edward XL, 29, 38, 45, and 50. Edward IIL, 10 Henry IV., 6 Henry V., and 3 James II. The old borough limits extend, on the north, about 1 mile beyond the town, — on the east, about 2 miles, — on the south, into the county of Waterford, about 3 miles ; and they included the whole of the western side of the town and suburbs, excepting a few houses, chiefly cabins: the limits, under the new arrangement, include little more than the town itself on the north side of the river, exclude considerable portions of the straggling outskirts, and pass along the southern channel of the Suir, or south side of the editioed islands. The corporation is called, ** The Mayor, Bailiffs, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town or Borough of Clonmel ;" it consists, according to charter, of a mayor, 2 bailiifs, 20 free burffesses, and an indefinite number of commonalty; and Its officers, additional to the mayor and bailiffs, are a recorder, a chamberlain, a town-clerk, a weighmaster and taster of butter, a sword-bearer, 3 serjeants-at-mace, 2 pound-keepers, and a bellman. The corporation is one of those mentioned in the * New Rules' of 25 Charles II. Freemen may be elected from any class of persons, whether resident or nonresident ; they possess exemption from paying toll, and have also the right, subject to Reform Acts* restrictions, of voting for members of parliament ; and, in 1833, they amounted to 158, — of whom only 9 were Roman Catholics, 107 were resident, and 51 were non-resident. The head or patron of the corporation seems formerly to have had sufficient influence to procure the admission to freedom, or the rejection from it, of whatever persons he pleased ; and this influence, even after the passing of the parliamentary Reform Act, was supposed to continue to a certain extent in the Bi^well family. The corpo> ration has not by charter any criminal jurisdiction. A tholsel court for the despatch of civil business ia presided over by the mayor and bailiffs ; but disposes of not more than two or three causes in the year. A mayor's court, presided over by the mayor, is held every Wednesday, and exercises jurisiliction over causes of action, m the nature of debt, not exceeding 10s. Irish. A court of petty-sessions, presided over by county magistrates, is held every alternate Friday for causes not arising within the town or liberties ; and another, presided over by county magistrates, and attended by the mayor, is held every Wednesitojr for causes arising within the town. The public peace is preserved partly by the serjeants-at-mace, but chiefly by a party of the county consubuhiry. The income of the corporation is derived from houses, lands, tenements, tolls, and customs; and in the year ending 29th Sept., 1833, amounted from the former

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Antrim and Down Lunatic Asylum

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1836

The Lunatic Asylum for the counties of Antrim and Down stands about a mile west of Belfast and was built by government at a cost upwards of £50,000. An additional building was erected in 1836 to accommodate 100 more patients.

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Remedial Ingiitutio7U.']^-The Lunatic Asylum for the counties of Antrim and Down, stands in an airy and healthful situation about a mile west of the town, and was built by government at the cost of upwards of £50,000. It has, as seen from a little distance, an imposing and almost sumptuous ap-
{)earsnce, and forms a marked feature in the general andscape. Tn 1836-, an additional building, capable of accommodating 100- patients, and designed as a provision for the increase of applicants, and for incurable cases, was erected at a cost of £3,486 8k, 9d. One part of the establishment contains two dormitories for males, and two for feiaales,. each pair capable of containing 44 beds, and separated by a room for respectively a keeper and » nurse, with inspection windows on either side. Attached to the buildings is a small farm of about 2 1' acres in area, designed to engage a portion of the- patients in the bracing and healthy employments of agriculture. In 18^, there were 136 male and 118 female patients from- the preceding year, 2 male and 6 female patients re-admitted, and 58 male and 47 female patients admitted for the first time; and out of the whole, 41 males and 35 females were cured, 5 males and 6 females were relieved, and 11 males and 16 fenrales died. The total expense for that year was £3,576 15s. 2d.; the expense for diet only, £1,774 I9s. lid., and the average cost of each patient £14 12s. lOd. — The Belfast Infirmary and Fever Hospital was opened m 1817, is situated in Frederick-street^ and Inaiide*-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 171

Archbishop Bolton's Water Works in Cashel

Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1700–1725

Water works constructed in Cashel by Archbishop Bolton in the early 18th century were once praised as truly noble. They have since been allowed to decay, with their underground conduits choked with rubble and the supply stream diverted to mills.

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ing of the town are very irregular ; and produce now picturesqueness and now confusion. The Mainstreet extends 700 yards from east to west ; but is narrow at both ends, and partly split into two thorough, fares in the centre ; yet, over a distance of more than 300 yards, it is well-built, very spacious, and urban in aspect. Friar-street brings in the thoroughfare from Fethard, passes the new cathedral, falls rectangularly upon nearly the centre of the Mainstreet, and has a length from south to north of 550 yards. John-street goes off at an acute angle from the south end of Friar-street, and runs 200 yards north-west by northward of the gaol. A rather spacious but quite irregular street, leads out the great northern thoroughfare from the east end of the wide part of Main-street, and is prolonged 420 yards north-north-eastward to the Charter school and the eastern base of Cashel Rock. All the other streets are either short, narrow, crooked, or otherwise subordinate. Though some other lines of houses besides those in the spacious portion of Main-street are good and of pleasing appearance, greatly the majority in other districts have either a hamlet or a squalid character. So large a proportion of the town is a congeries of dark, unpaved, filthy, cabin-lined lanes, — often crazy and dilapidated in their rude masonry, and every where, poor, wan, and half-unemployed in their population, — that the city seems, in a great degree, as if scourged by some plague, and crumbling down to desolation. Of 1,135 houses which lined all the streets and alleys in 1836, only 190 were individually worth £\0 and upwardi a-year, while so many as 751 were thatched tenements, and bv far the greater part of these one-story cottages, ill-built cabins, or mere miserable huts and hovels. The water works, constructed by Archbishop Bolton, during the early part of the 18th century, — works which Dr. Smith, in his Collections of Tipperary, pronounced truly noble, and such as would necessarily perpetuate the name of their constructor to unborn ages who should enjoy the advantage, — these works have been allowed to go to decay, their under-ground conduits, upwards of two miles in length, are choked up with rubbish, the stream which supplied them has been diverted as waterpower to mills, and for ever alienated by legal sanetion, and public pumps, which were erected as a pitiful succedaneum for the works, are maintained by neither corporation nor cttiaens, but pauperishly at the expense of the county. The whole town, excepting ^ch spots as are kept clean and neat by private enterprise, is in a condition of the most deplorable neglect

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 198

Archbishop Crawley opposes rebels at Castle-Dermot 1414

Castledermot · town · Kildare · 1414

In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a small army, advanced as far as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster. While he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea.

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Sites ; and was a place of considerable strength. A bulous legend asserts that, about the year 500, St. Diermit founded here a priory for regular canons ; and a story, currently believed, though very doubtfully authenticated, asserts that Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town, and interred in St. Diermit's priory, and that, about the same time, or in the year 842 or 844, the town was plundered bv the Danes. Earl Strongbow found the place, and the territory around it, in posteasion of the ancient sept of O'Tohills or O'Tooles ; and he conferred them on his follower, Walter De Riddlesford, the founder of the castle and the Crouched Friary. In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldinei had quarrelled respecting some land in Connaught, and had filled the kingdom with tumult and war, a meeting for the discussion of their claims was held at Castle-Dermot, and issued in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella, Lord-justice of Ireland, being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and his party, and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley. In 1315, while Bruce was overrunning ' Ireland, the Lordjustice made a great slaughter of insurgents at Castle-Dermot, who took advantage of the government being engaged with the invader to fling off their allegiance ; and next year, Bruce himself took and devastated the town, but shortly afterwards was, with much slaughter, defeated in its neighboarhood, by Lord Edmund Butler. In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a smaU army, advanced as fiiir as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster ; and while he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea. In 1499, a parliament was held in the town, and distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, — among others, Uiat both deigy and lait^ should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles when they were on horseback, and wear their robes when tiiey were in parliament. In 1532, Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, while in rebellion, and running a career of devastation, entered Castle-Dermot on a great market-day, killed many of the persons who were assembled, plundered the inhabitants, and destroyed numerous houses with fire. During the rebellion of 1641, the town was alternately in the possession of the eontending parties ; in 1650, it was taken by Colooeb Reynolds and Hewson ; and since that period it hM been crumbling away in silence, — a stranger to the turbulence of war, and scarcely less a stranger to

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Archdall's description of Clonard Abbey ruins

Clonard · town · Meath

Archdall described the now-vanished monastic ruins of Clonard Abbey, which included a lodge, refectory, and an elegant Gothic choir with a supposed founder's tomb and a chapel with Dillon effigies.

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those alreaily described. On the first part is a bishop with a crosier, probably St. Finian ; and on the other is a figure with long robes and a book, in the clothing of a regular canon of St. Augustine. In four of the lower panels consecutively, are represented angels holding shields ; and in the other four are trees or shruhs. The base, which consists also of 8 sides, is ornamented with leaves and flowers." — The monastic architectural remains of Clonard were, until a recent date, of noticeable extent and considerable interest ; and, though now all swept away, may be worth attention in the description given of them by Archdall : — ** The entrance into this ahhey, on the west side, was through a small building, with ' a lodge over it, which led into a small court. To the right of this court stands the kitchen and cellar, and over them the dormitory, ranging with the river, and overlooking the garden, which sloped from them to the water's edge. Opposite the entrance was another small apartment^ and adjoining it the refectory, which was carried for some length beyond the square, and joined the choir, a large and eleg:iiit building, most part of which still remains, and the windows are finished in a light Gothic style. On the south side of the altar, fi\ed in the wall, is a small double arch, in the old Saxon manner, and divided by a pillar through which iron bars were fixed : this is supposed to have l>ccn the founder's tomb. There are many remains of walls adjoining the other parts of the abbey, but in so ruinous n state, that little information can he gleaned from them. At a little distance from the east window, in the burial ground, stands a small chapel, in which is a table monument, ornamented with the effigies of a roan and a woman, in a praying posture, and dressed in the ruflf of Queen Elizal>eth's time; the sides are adorned with many coats of arms ; that of the family of Dillon is most conspicuous."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Archdeacon Cotton's preservation of the Rock of Cashel ruins

near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary

Archdeacon Cotton dedicated significant time, energy, and private funds to preserve the ruins on the Rock of Cashel from further decay. He collected broken carved stones, restored their basso relievo figures, and securely fixed the rescued sculptures back into the walls.

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shrines, arches, Saxon, Roman, and Norman, all in ' one common ruin, as the Rock of Ca^hel displays to . view." The Rock, too, is intimately associated in j history with the names and achievements of a line , of native princes ; and figures, both in popular fancy j and in monastic story, as a place now, and from a | very remote period, of extraordinary sanctity. A i legend in Heating's History daringly, yet gravely, ' relates that a heavenly mes^senger announced to the | herdsmen of Core, King of Munster, the coming of St. Patrick, and pointed out to them the Rock as a place to be sacredly associated with his mission; that the King, in consequence, erected a royal palace on the spot now called Currick-Phadruig, or Patrick's Rock ; and that, owing to the monarch's receiving here the rent or revenue of bis kingdom, the place came to be called Cioa-Oil, corruptedly Cashel, * the rent or revenue of the rock.* Not long ago, all the ruins on the Rock were abandoned to neglect and the corrosion of tlie elements, and were accessible only by a passage through nettles and rank weeds, and over huge amorphous masses of fallen masonry. But the late Archdeacon Cotton devoted much time and energy, and expended large portions of his private property, to preserve the structures from farther injury, to collect a vast number of broken carved stones, to reunite their fragments with such skill as to restore manv of the figures in basso relievo to nearly their original perfection, and to fix the rescued and recombined sculptures so firmly and guardedly in their respective places in the various walls as efifectually to protect them against all future assaults of the despoliator. The view from the Rock differs from the extensive and gorgeous panorama hung around the hill of Killough, chiefly in having the archiepiscopal demesne and the city as a foreground, and in being suddenly closed up by the Killough heights on the east ; and it is thus briefly depicted by Mr. IngUs: " The whole county of Tipperary is spread out below, — one beautifully variegated plain, richly cultivated, and bounded by the Galtee and other mountain-ranges ; while immediately below, the beautiful pleasuregrounds of the bishop, — their lawns, parterres, borders, clumps, and shrubberies, in all their varied livery of green, lie like a piece of Mosaic work."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 199

Arch-Hall seat of Samuel Garnet in Clongill

Clongill · townland · Meath

Arch-Hall, the seat of Samuel Garnet, Esq., stands in Clongill parish, Co. Meath, 4 miles from Navan and a little west of the road from Navan to Clones. The land is of excellent general quality.

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CLONGILL, a parish in the south end of the barony of Morgallion, 4^ miles norUi-north-west of Navan, co. Meath, Leinster. Length, U mile; breadth, 1 ; area, 2,387 acres. Pop., in 1801. 260; in 1841, 226. Houses 31. The general qnalitj of the land is excellent. Arch-IIall, the seat of Samuel Garnet, Esq., stands 4 miles from Navan, a little
west of the road thence to Clones This parish u a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

Archiepiscopal palace and gardens at Cashel

Cashel · town · Tipperary

The archiepiscopal palace is a spacious mansion surrounded by fine gardens extending to the Rock's base, with a private way for the archbishop to retreat to the Rock. A public library attached to the palace contains valuable manuscripts. Under new hierarchical arrangements, the palace was to be abandoned.

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The modem cathedral and parish-church of Cashel it situated in an open area, surrounded by streets, TOO yards south of the summit of the Rock. It was erected, about the middle of last century, by Arch« bishop Agar ; and is an elegant structure, surmounted by a plain but lofty spire. — The archiepiseopal palace is a spacious and plain yet respectable man* sioR, surrounded with very fine gardens which extend to the Rock's base. '* All that can delight the senses,'* says Mr. Inglis, **is here. Parterres of lovely flowers and rare shrubs; velvet lawns; secluded walks, rich in odours ; and, above the fine screen of holly and laburnum, and lilac, and copperbeech, and laurel, tower the Rock and the magnificent ruin that covers it. There is a private way through his lordship's grounds ; in order that, unol^- served by his numerous flock, he may retire to this solemn spot, and meditate on the insufficiency of earthly enjoyments." But under the new hierarchical arrangement, which destroys the archiepiscopate of Cashel, and unites all the four sees ot Cashel, Emlv, Waterford, and Lismore, Cashel palace will be abandoned, and the palace of Waterford will be the residence of the diocesan. A public library, attached to the palace, contains some valuable manuscripts.— The new Roman Catholic chapel is a very spacious edifice, and occupies most of the site of the Franciscan abbey. — A small barrack for infantry contains accommodation for two companies — The court-houses are a good feature in the town's architecture.— The market-house is a pleasing structure, but has been almost wholly alienated from its proper use ; and its lower story is held by a tenant-at-wilL The bridewell or district prison was, two or three years ago, characterixed by neglect, bad arrangement, and the want of due classification; but an alteration vras proposed which would ** convert it into a very compact, good bridewell, with effective yards, day-rooms, and cells, and good separation for men and women ;** and the Report for 1841, sue dnctly represents it as "in good order, and well reguJated.** — The infirmary, the fever hospital, and the workhouse, will be noticed in next section.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 200

Arching of the canal at Henry Street, Cork

Henry Street · street · Cork · 1774

In 1774, the canal which ran through the middle of what is now Henry Street in Cork was arched over to allow for urban development.

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leading to them removed. In 1712-13, the wooden brid^it at the north and south enda of the city were pulled down, and nuperKeded by handsome stone erections. In 1719, Mr. E^iward Webber constructed the public wM. c&XXed the Mardyke, nearly an Eng. Iii>h mile in length, westward along a marnh to near the point where the Lee forks into two main-channels ; and, at its termination, he built a brick house, and enclosed a tea-garden, which became a favourite summer resort of tne citizens. Hammond's Marsh, which lay between the town and the commencement of this promenade, was also provided with public gardens, and had **a large and pleasant bowling-green, planted on its margin with trees kept regularly cut." In 17*2-5, the east marsh and DunscoinbeV .Marsh had become so extensively edificed and peopled as to be erected into the pansh of St. Paul*!*, and provided with a parochial place of worship. In 17 lo and 17*2B, gaols for the county at large, > and for the county of the citv, supplanted the old castles and gates which Btoo<l at tne ends of the miiin street, and had then become ruinous; but these gaols were incommodiou'* and ungraceful structures, as insecure as they were lumpibh, and they have necessarily been swept away in the progress of a maturing improvement. The various canals and ditches, which cut the site and immediate environs of the old town into a labyrinth of islets, were gradually arched over; and the roadways which superseded them combined with the embankments, and raised grounds upon periodically flooded marshes, to consolidate the whole tract between the two outer channels of the Lee into one island. In 1774, the canal which ran through the middle of the present Henry-street was arched; in 177B, the canal between Hammond's quay and the west side of the city walls was converted into a street which received the name of the celebrated Grattan ; in 1780, a canal between Tuckey's quay and the Mall, was formed into the present Grand Parade ; in 17B3, the canal between Long quay and Colville's quay became Patrick -street ; about the same time, the Potatoe quay dock, between the subsequent corn market and bridewell, was covered in ; in 1795. the canal called Fenn's quay, was converted into Nile-street; and soon after other canals were formed into Nelson's-place and the South Mall, — the latter the best street in Cork. Improvements, or rather exten&iions, were commenced aNo around the quondam villages of Old Cork and Blackpool; and these have so far and rapidly pushed series of street-lines along the extreme sides of the Lee, and up the adjacent slopes, as practically to have placed two large towns in juxtaposition with the renovated and extended river-girt city of the marshes.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Archipelago between Cape Clear and Mizen Head

near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork

A great compound bay bounded by Cape Clear Island and Mizen Head is so thickly studded with islands that it forms an archipelago. It is intricately ramified into a labyrinth of land and water, providing safe harbours such as Baltimore and Crookhaven.

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tions of very different character ; the eastern, from Youghal Harbour to Cork Harbour, sloping slowly down into 6ne strands ; the central, from Cork Harbour to Baltimore Harbour, terminating in bluff faces, hillocks, hills, and steep slopes, often green or wooded, and very extensively variegated with almost every kind of intersection, from the flat sandy beach to the bold rocky cliff; and the western, from Baltimore Harbour to the Kenmare estuary, presenting frequent fiicei of grand, sublime, or savage mountain, and seldom intersected to a greater extent with lowland beach than to impart pictures^ueness and beauty to a prevailing sea-barrier of imposmg highlands. Yet the immediate coast scarcely partakes of the distinctive character of these divisions of sea-board ; but occasionally presents long breastworks of rock in front of tbe low grounds, and breaks down into snug coves and pleasant beaches at the skirts of the overhanging mountains. Youghal Harbour has a tolerable anchorage without the bar, in 6 fathoms of water ; a smidl ba^, 4 miles to the south, has good anchorage and fishmg-ground, in from 5 to 12 ^thorns, within Ring Point; the extensive sweep of Ballyootton bay, and the western half of the coast of Imokilly, are gently indented with curving creeks, and have for Uie most part a line of pleasant strand; Cork Harbour is so completely landlocked, and is environed with such exquisitely picturesque shores, as to seem a lake of the most brilliant beauty, and it could accommodate the largest fleet of the Urgest vessels, and has an anchorage in 7 fathoms of water within a cable's length of the shore ; the coast, thence to Kinsale Harbour, is jagged with various creeks, the longest of which is Oyster Harbour, but it is for the most part rockv and dangerous. Kinsale Harbour has 90 feet ot water on the bar, and interior andiorage in 7 fathoms ; the two small bavs which indent the opposite sides of the peninsula ot the Old Head of Kinsale, have good anchorage in very various depth of water ; Courtmacsherry bay is unsheltered in all its great exterior sweep, and has but small depth of water over its bar ; Cloghnakilty Harbour has onlv two fathoms of water over its liar at full sea, and conidderably endangers any vessels which it embays ; Ross bay is little more than an open roail, fully exposed to tne south-west ; Glandore Harbour has a landlocked anchorage, and a depth of from 14 to SO feet in its channel ; Castlehaven Harbour has safe anchorage in 14 feet of water, but is of limited capacity; Barlogh bay, though ramified into a few small creeks, u nearly all unsheltered from the south, or across its entrance inward ; a great compound bay, bounded on the east by Cape Clear Inland, and on the west bv the promontory of Mi sen Head, is so thickly studded with islands as to be quite an archipelago, and so multitudinously ramified bv islands and peninsulc into innumerable straits ana sounds, and iMiys and creeks, as to be almost a labvrinth of land and water, yet its subdivisions of Baltimore Harbour, Innisherkin Harbour, Roaring- Water bay. Scull Harbour, and Crookhaven, all pu44«»ii varioii4 degrees of safe accommodation for merchant vei»seU ; Dunmanus bay, though 10 miles long, without a bar, and everywhere from 10 to 3i} fathoms deep, is so near the superior bay of liantry, as to be almost wholly neglected ; and Bantry bay at once presents magnificence of scenery which might captivate a savage, offers an extent of safe harbourage which might accommodate all the shipping of Europe, and contains among other subordinate harbours, the landlocked and otherwise peculiarly 6ne one of Berebavvn.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Ards, seat of Alexander Stewart

Ards · townland · Donegal

Ards is described as the beautiful seat of Alexander Stewart, a handsome modern edifice situated in an extensive demesne occupying a peninsula between offshoots of Sheephaven, located a mile west of Doe Castle.

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Pop. of the rural di-tricts. in lail, 0.015 ;• in 1841, 0,144. Houses 1,053. The coast-line weiid« pwtly along the Atlantic, but chiefly ftlong Shebphavks [which see] ; and it contains the singular phenomenon of MacSwine*8 Gun, and the long dreary promontory of Horn-Head : see these articles. About one-third of the parochial surface consists of proGlable land; and the remainder is sandhill, rock, and heathy upland of little or no valae. The profitable land lies principally along the coast, and consists of a light sandy soil. The highest ground, the summit of Muckish mountain, is on the west border, and hai an altitude above sea -level of 2,190 feet. See Muckish. The greater part of the water area ii comprised in Loughs More, Sessiah, Port, Crees, Drumleck, Natooev, Agher, Nal>o]I, and Aginnire. The demesne of llom-Head Hou<«e, the property of W. Stewart, Esq., adjoins Dunfanaghy; and has connected with it one of the largest rabbit-warrens in the kingdom. Marble -Hill, the modem mansion of G. Barclay, Esq., stands about 1^ mile east of the town. Doe-Castle, the scat of the Hart family — a plain castellated structure, formerly a fortalice'as well as a mansion — stands on the shore of the extremity of Sheephaven; and Ardi, the beautiful seat of Alexander Stewart, Esq , — a handsome modem edifice, in the midst of an extei^ sive demesne which occupies a peninsula between oflfshoots of Sheephaven — stands a mile west of Doe- Castle. See Ards. One principal raad goes eastward, and another southward from Dunfanaghy

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Assassination of Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore at monastery, 1408

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1408

In 1408, Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore, said to have destroyed forty ecclesiastical edifices and who had previously torn iron bars from the monastery windows, fled to the Franciscan monastery at Carrickfergus for refuge. He was soon after assassinated within it by English colonists of the name of Savage.

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referable to any particular style of architecture ; it measures 132 feet in length, but is of very unequal breadth; and it appears to have been cruciform, ver^ narrow, and most inconveniently low. Its interior indicates great neglect ; and its choir — ^hear, ye lovers of the fine arts ! — is whitewashed. The chancel window and two small windows in the west are of stained glass ; they belonged to the private chapel of Dangan, formerly the seat of the Marquis of Welleslcy, in the county of Meath, and were presented to the parish by George Burleigh, Esq. of Burleigh-hill ; and the first contains a tolerably well-executed representation of Christ's baptism in the Jordan. The vestry-room was erected by Dean Dobbs, and contains a monument to his memory. Beneath the choir. Rose, Countess of Antrim, who died in 1682, and several other illustrious persons, lie entombed. Several fragments exist, but are thrown aside, of escutcheons which formerly decorated the walls, and belonged to various noble families related to the Countess. The north transept is the pro* perty of the Marquis of Donegal, and contains the once splendid monument of the Chichester familv; but is in a state of disrepair, and is walled off from the other parts of the church. The monument formerly possessed superbness and beauty to nearly as high a degree as these properties comport with the idea of a sepulchral erection ; was constructed of marble and alabaster ; and consists of several chambers and niches, occupied with large and small effigies in the costume of life. The principal figures are Sir Arthur Chichester, first Baron of Belfast, and his lady, in a kneeling posture, fronting each other, and represented with long robes and ruffs ; between them, their infant son ; and, in a compartment below, a sculpture in armour and in a praying posture, of Sir John Chichester, who was captured in a sally firom the town against James MacSorley MacDonnell, E^rl of Antrim, and beheaded on a stone at Glynn. On black tablets, in front of the pedestal, are inscriptions in praise of the courage and virtues of the knights who lie buried beneath; and over the inside entrance of the transept is a white marble tablet, surmounted by a coronet, and bearing a long Latin in^^cription to the memory of Arthur, third Earl of Donegal, who was killed in Spain in 1706. An octagonal spire was, in 1778, erected upon the tower of the church, at an expens^e of about £500, chiefly raised by subscription. — The Presbyterian roeeting-housc, originally in connection with the Synod of Ulster, and associated during a series of years in the present century with the name of Dr. Reid, the historian of Presbyterianism in Ireland, is a neat modern structure, situated 120 yards north of the parish-church. The Covenanters* meeting-house, so long associated with the name of Dr. Paul, is a plain structure, in the Irish Quarter. The small Independent chapel adjoins the West Quay, in the vicinity of the castle. The Methodists* chapel draws attention principally in connection with the fact, that Methodism was introduced to the town, in 1752, by some soldiers of the 42d Royal Highlanders. The Roman Catholic chapel, a plain building, adjoins a burying-ground in the western environs of the Irish Quarter. — The Franciscan monastery, to which the present parish-church belonged as a chapel, is variously stated to have been founded, in 1232, 1243, and 1253, by Hugh de Lacy, or by O'Neil. General Fitzmaurice, Richard de Burgh, and one of the Earls of Ulster, were interred within the pile. In 1408, Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore, who is said to have destroyed forty ecclesiastical edifices, and who previously tore from the windows of this monastery their iron bars, fled to it for refuge, and was soon after assassinated within it by gome

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 193

Augustinian abbey founded at Castleknock by Richard Tyrrel

Castleknock · townland · Dublin

An abbey for regular canons of the order of Augustine was founded at Castleknock at the end of the 13th century or beginning of the 14th by Richard Tyrrel. Its church was used as the parochial place of worship after the dissolution.

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area, 7,124 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,251; in 1841, 4.063. Houses 663. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,725. Houses 600. The parochial surface comprises part of the north side of the softly picturesque vale of the Liffey, from the Phoenix- park westward, and part of the rich and lusciously pretty plain which is traversed by the Royal Canal. Numerous villas adorn the banks of the Liffey ; and gardens, shrubberies, and profuse beauties of culture, embellish the general surface. Mr. Fraser succinctly describes, in the following terms, very nearlv all the scenery and contents of the parish, as beheld along the road from Dublin to Navan, across its interior : ** The plantations of the Phcenix-park on the left are ioined by those of the villa grounds which adorn the left banks of the Liffey for many miles above the city ; and, in connection with them, at 4 miles from the town, the church, castle-ruins, and moat of Castle-Knock, as seen from this road, compose an interesting group. On the right, the bank forming the northern boundary of the narrow winding glade, through which the Tolka streamlet forces its tortuous course, is clothed with the hedge-row trees of several villas which link in with the plantations of Sheephill, the seat of James Hans Hamilton, Esq.*' The ruins of the castle at the village occupy the summit of a bold, broken, and lofty hillock, which commands a view over the plain as far as to the hill of Maynooth ; and consist of part of a round tower or keep, one side of the intrenchments, and a little postern door in one of the battlement walls. A manifestly fabulous story says that the castle was a royal Danish residence, and that St. Patrick visited it to attempt the conversion to Christianity of a Danish King, called Morrishtac. Other traditions are afloat respecting it, of a still more incredible and stupid character. The castle was built in the reign of Henry II., by Hugh de Tvrrel, Boron of Castle- Knock, and was long after the residence of his descendants. In 1316, Edward Bruce besieged and captured it, made Baron Hugh de Tvrrel and his lady prisoners, and would not release them till they paid a large ransom. In 1642, Colonel Monk, afterwards celebrated as the Duke of Albemarle, captured the castle, killed 80 adherents of royalty in assaulting it, and afterwards put others to death on the gibbet In 1647, the castle was taken from the republicans by Owen-Ros O'Neill, and Sir Thomas Esmond, Bart, at the head of a loyal force ; and at that time, or soon after, it was dismantled, and abandoned to decay. An abbey for regular canons of the order of Augustine was founded at the end of the 13th centurv, or beginning of the 14th, by Richard Tyrrel; anci its church was used, after the dissolution, as the parochial place of worship. The Tyrrel ftunily, who took designation from Castle- Knock, were connected with the Tyrrels, sires, and afterwards princes, of Poix in Picardy, whose title and estate eventuidly passed by marriiige to the ducal house of De Noailles ; and they and other Tyrrels have, from an early date, figured conspicuously m the English county of Essex, and the Irish counties of Dubhn, Meath, and Westmeath. In the latter part of the 14th centurv, Robert Serjeant became Baron of Castle-Knock, but whether by creation, writ of summons, or marriage with an heiress of the Tyrrels, is not known. The village of Castle-Knock is a mere hamlet in bulk. Area, 21 acres. Pop., in 1831, 188; in 1841, 156. Houses 31. A dispensary here is within the North Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,665; and, in 1839. it expended £166 I4s. 7d., and administered to 1,592 patients — Castle- Knock pariih is a vicamge in the dio. of Dublin. Vicarial tithe composition, £200; glebe, £136 8s. ]}d. The rectorial tithes are appropriate, and consist of two

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Augustinian abbey ruins and parish church in Callan

Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1400–1499

The present parish church in Callan is the choir of an Augustinian abbey built in the 15th century by Sir James Butler. Remains of the nave, the founder's family cemetery, and abbey ruins remain visible on the riverbank.

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The present parish-church is the choir of a church which was attached to an abbey for Augustinian Eremites, built in the 15th century by Sir James Butler of Poolestown. The nave of the old church, with its fine lateral aisles, is still also in tolerable preservation ; the cemetery of the founder's family, overgrown with nwss and ivy, adjoins the choir; and some remains of the abbey itself on the banks of the river, present features interesting to the artist. The abbey and its possessions were given, at the dissolution, to Thomas, Earl of Ormond. Near the ruins are a modiTn Augustinian friary and chapel, a large ajul substantial stone structure, plain yet respectable in architecture. The parochial Roman Catholic chapel occupies an elevated site near the south end of Green-street, and forms a conspicuous feature in a landscape of many miles in diameter. The markethou-^e is so small and abject as to indicate the absence of nearly all profitable traffic. A few persons are employed in making Haimel ; a considerable number are makers of brogues or coarse shoes; and the great majority are either small traders or agricultural labourers. Fairs are held on May 4, June IJ and 29. Aug. 10, Nov. 4, and Dec. 14. The nearest avaiilable point of any projected railway, is the terininu> of the Kilkenny line at Kilkenny. In iKiS, the ehiet public conveyances were the mailcoach ill transit between Dublin and Cork, a coach between Dublin and Clonmel, and a car between Kilkenny and (Monniel.
The Callan Poor-law union ranks as the 24th, and was constituted on May 4, IK'JO. It lies partly in CO. Tipperary, but chiefly in co. Kilkenny, and comprehends an area of 10(^633 acres, with a pop., in

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

Augustinian abbey ruins near Cahir founded by Geoffrey de Camville

Caher · town · Tipperary · 1199–1216

The ruins of an abbey stand a short way up the river from Cahir town. It was said to have been founded by Geoffrey de Camville during the reign of King John for canons regular of the order of Augustine.

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CAHIR, a market and post town in the above parish, sUnds on the river Suir, and at the intersection of the ro:ul from Dublin to Cork with the road from Waterford to Limerick. 8J miles south by west of Cashel. 13.^ north-east of Michelstown, and 87* 8outh.south-west of Dublin. The neatness and cleanliness of the town's interior, the pleasing character of its public and more prominent buiidingit, the beauteous course of the limpid and feathery Suir, the ivy-mantled, water-girt, and romantic castle of Cahir, the environing park and plantations of Lord Glengal, the undulated expanse of villa-dotted luxuriance which spreads away in the distance, and the grand perspective of the verdant and wooded declivities of the Galtee mountains, render Cahir unsurpassed for picturesqueness by any town in Munster. The parish-church is a handsome e<liiice ; the Roman Catholic chapel is a large and very graceful structure ; the sessions-house, the jail, the markethouse, the schools, and the inn, are all di-tinct and suitable in architecture ; and most of them occupy conspicuous sites, and enter well into scenic composition with the ca.stle and river and opulent environs. The jail, a short while ago, was remarkable for its dilapidated state and its bad management; but, in 1841, it underwent repair. A barrack, containing accommodation for a regiment of rivalry, stands about a mile from the town ; and, as it is generally occupied, it contributes largely to the town's bustle and gaiety. The ruins of an abbey, said to have been founded by Geoffrey de Camville, in the reign of John, for canons regular of the order of Augustine, stand H short way up the river. A fevt-r ho-pital and a di'^pensary in tiie town are within the Clouheen Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, the hospital received £-273 13s. 9d., expended £352 19s. lljd., and had 220 patients, and the dispensary received £64 7s., and made 9,188 dispensations of medicine to 3,616 patients. In 1841, a Loan Fund had a capital of £1,986, circulated £8,963 in 2,552 loans, realized £82 Is. 8d. of nett profit, and expended £5 on charitable purposes. A market is held weekly ; fairs arc held on May 26 and 27, July 20, Sept. 18 and 19, and Dec. 7 ; and both the market and the fairs are the scene of much business in the influx of com and the efflux of general merchandise. Extensive flour-mills, in the vicinity, conducted chiefly by Quakers, and actively and constantly at work, contribute largely to the support of the population. Sedulous and careful eflbrts were made to intro<Iuce straw-plaiting and the linen trade, but they almost wholly failed. Considerable stir and prosperity accrue from the thoroughfare along the two great transverse lines of road which intersect each other in the town; and some advantage is derived from favourableness of position to tourists visiting thj ^litchelstown caves, the glen of Aharlow, the (jaltee mountains, and other comparatively near objects of commanding interest. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, approaches within a mile of the town, and will effect travelling thenco to Dublin in 4 hours and 37 minutes. The inn of the town iii of recent erection, and well-kept; and is beautifully situated on the Suir. The town is greatly indebted for its extension and improvement to Richard^

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

Augustinian friary at Clonmeen founded by O'Callaghans

Clonmeen · parish · Cork

An Augustinian friary is traditionally said to have been founded at Clonmeen by the O'Callaghan family, who were the original owners of the estate before the forfeitures following the wars of 1641.

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CLONMEEN, or Cloonmeen, a parish in the central part of the barony of Duhallow, 10 miles west by south of Mallow, co. Cork, Munster. It contains the village of Bakteer: which see. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 8; area, 20,076 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,344; in 1841,6,361. Houses 1,064. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 6,224. Houses ! .()4"2. The surface consibts of part of the vale, and tlie hill-screens of the river Blackwatcr. About one-third is waste but improvable mountain; and the remainder is arable, and pasture land. The range of mountains called St. Hillary's, are the principal heights ; they extend parallel with the course of the Hlack water, with their summit>line 1^ or 2 miles south of its channel ; and they pour down several torrents through mimic glens and ravines. Such high grounds as once expanded beneath forest were long ago reclaimed ; and such an were for centuries bare of woo<l arc now, for the most part, boggy and waste. Jieneath the turfy sward of the boggy moorlands is a bluish, hard, (X)ld gravel, which cannot be penetrated without much labour. Not fiir from the <-hurch is the hill of Knockiclashy, celebrated as the scene of an action in 1651. See Knockiclasiit. The caitle of Clonuu'en, situated some distance east of the church, was ruined in the wars of 1641. An Augustinian friary is said to have been founded at Cloiimein by the O'Callaghans. After the wars of 1641, and the subsequent forfeitures. Sir Richard Kyrle received a grant of the estate of Clonmeen ; and he erected iron-works, cut down a vast tract of wood, and considerably improved the country; but he eventually sold the estate to Richard Newman, Esq. A portion of the forfeited lands was reserved from the grant made to Sir R. Kyrle, and given back to the original owners, the O'Callaghans; and it descended to their posterity. The interior is tra- VI Tso<l westward by the road from Mallow to Millhtrtet. — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Clovne. The vicarial tithes are compounded for Jl'.VIo JK. :^d. ; and the rectorial for £109 Os. 1*<1.; and the latter belong, in etpial proportions, to Robert Phair, l>q , and to the dean and chapter of iMoyne cathedral. The vicarages of Clonmeen and Ko«»keeti constitute the benefice of Clonmeen. Gross intMDine, £:U;9 4s. 7^d. ; nett, £847 Is. 4jd. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent is also prebendary of Lackeen in Clovne. The church's cost and date of erection are not known. Sittings 120; attendance 20. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,7(H); and. in the Ronuin Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of kili-oriicy. In lK)4, the Protestants of the parish auiounted to US. and the Roman Catholics to 5,454;

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 216

Augustinian monastery at Clonmines founded and dissolved

Clonmines · townland · Wexford · 1385

The Augustinian church at Clonmines was alleged to have been founded by the Kavanagh family, enlarged and repaired in 1385 by Nicholas Fitz-Nicholas, then passed to Dominican friars and was granted at the dissolution to John Parker. Its ruins display a square tower and a pointed east window in the style of the 14th century.

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fosse. A MS. description of Wexford, written in I<>84, states that it *' was a place of ^eat trade in times passed, and a harbour for shipping, until the sHnd filled up the passage near the town of Banno, which was the destruction of both these townes ;" that it **tooke its name from the silver or royall mines formerly dug there and on the other side ef the river ;" that *' there are still to be seene five or six deepe pitts or mines, and some of the oare yt was cast up. which seemes to contain more leade than silver ;'* that ** there lived in these partes within a few yeares a very old man yt sayed, he remembered to have seen miners at worke there, but that the river water came in upon the workmen so fast that they were forced to quitt the undertaking for good and all ;" and that the town was ** a very ancient CDrporation, but now quite ruinated, there remaining only four or live ruinated castles, an old ruined church, called St. Nicholas, and a monastery also ruined, culled St. Augustine." Some traces of mining shafts are still visible near the beach ; and during the sway of the Ostmen and Danes over the maritime di>tricts of Ireland, they are said to have here established a mint for silver coinage. Several of the ruins, military and ecclesiastical, referred to in the old !r.;inu>cript, still stand in a field upon the Scar; and they form the most remarkable assemblage of rtiins in the county, and popularly bear the name of ** the Seven (-astles of Clonmines." Three of them fitrnre as strong square towers of the kind common tlirouu'liont Ireland ; one has an architectural character >trictly ecclesiastical; one, alleged to have been erected 7 centuries ago by Sir Roger de Sutton, a companion of Fitzstephen, is occupied as the resi- (U'ucc of his descendant, Mr. Richard Sutton, a farmer ; and the whole, when seen with the bay and its screens for a backgrotmd, form a picturesque group. The Augustinian church is alleged by Alemando to have been founded by the family of Kavanagh; but was enlarged and repaired, and possibly constructed for the lirst time as a monastery, in 1385, by Nicholas litz- Nicholas, clerk; and it afterwards passed into the possession of Dominican friars, and was granted at the dissolution to John Parker, at the aniMial rent of 'is. 4d. Irish. The ruins of the church, says .Mr. Brewer, "evince a considerable degree of former splemlour, and are surmounted by a square tower, of light and graceful proportions, which rises from the central ureh that separates the chancel, nave, and ai>les. The great east window, which is in the pointed form, and in the architectural style of the Uth century, was formerly divided into 5 days or lii:lit<, and ornamented with much handsome tracery work." The fouinlations of numerous other buildin^^s may be detiH'ted athwart an area of about 90 acres ; Imt the dejwpnlation is now so complete, that Mr. Snt ton's family are the only inhabitants. The !H>rou>rh seems to have been held of the Crown in fffc lMir<;,»^'e ; an<l several inquisitions post mortem, in the ri'i^ns of James I. and Charles L, mention X\u' <<'W\n o( certain persons in burgages in the town. Members of parliament were returned in it> n:iin(> np to the date of the Legislative Union; and the Karl of Ely and Charles Tottenham, Esq, then ri-cfivcd the smn of 4.*lo,00()as compensation for itn lo.-i ot tVaiichi>e. — Cloinnines parish is an impropriatr curacy, an<l part of the benefice of OweniMH F. f whi« h -eej, in the dio. of Ferns. The tithes are compounded for £K), and belong to C»sar Colcloiuli, K>'|. In \S-U, the parishioners were all Uonian Cat holies ; and a hedge-school was attended in -iimm«T hy ahout 42 ehihlren.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Augustinian monastery at Clontuskert founded by Boadan

Clontuskert · town · Galway · 800–809

Archdall records a monastery for Augustinian canons at Clontuskert, founded at the commencement of the 9th century by Boadan or Broadan, who died around 809. This is one of the early medieval monastic associations of the parish in County Galway.

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CLONTUSKERT, or Clonthuskert, a parish partly in the barony of Clonmacnoon, and partly in that of Longford, 5 miles north -north-west of Eyrecourt, and about 4^ miles south by west of Ballinasloe, co. Galway, Connaught. licngth, westward, 6^ miles ; extreme breadth, 4. Area of the Clonmacnoon section, 9,988 acres, I rood, 18 perches, — of which 9 acres, 3 roods, 12 perches, are water. Area of the Longford section, 5,521 acres, 1 rood, 19 perches, — of which 69 acres, 3 roods, 35 perches, are in the river Suck. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 4.002; in 1841, 3,711. Houses 619. Pop. of the Clonmacnoon section, in 1831, 2,609; in 1841, 2,481. Houses 388. A very large proportion of the land is bog ; and the rest consists chiefly of the ridges and slopes of gravel hillocks and hillocky chains, and is, for the most part, of excellent quality. The stagnant, sedgy, ditch-like Suck, creeps along the boundary with co. Roscommon ; a rivulet drains a large district north-eastward to the Suck ; and the road from Ballinasloe to Eyrecourt passes through the interior. The principal seats are MacDermot slodge, Somerset-house, Liskelly-house, KirwanV lodge, and Kelly 's-grove ; and the chief hamlets are Wakefield, Araghry, Sinclair's village, Glenloughaun, Clontuskert, Ballagh, Cullydarry, Crown's- Nest, and Cloonascragh. The Grand Canal passes along the north border, near the Suck. Archdall finds a monastery for Augustinian canons in Clontuskert at the commencement of the 9th century ; and says it was founded and presided over by Boadan or Broadan, who died about the year 809. — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of Clonfert [which see], in the dio. of Clonfert. Tithe composition, £258 9s. 2]d.; glebe, £19 13s. 9d. The church was built, in 1818, by means of a gift of £830 15s. 4hd. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings I'lO; attendance 120. A curate officiates exclusively for Clontuskert. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 350. A friary at Boula has a community of 3 friars; and its chapel

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 220

Augustinian monastery ruins at base of Croagh Patrick

near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

At the base of Croagh Patrick, near the village of Morisk, stand the ruins of an Augustinian monastery. The site is noted alongside the mountain's numerous antiquarian memorials and hagiological associations.

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naught. It is situated on the south coast of Clew bay, 6} miles west-south-west of Westport, aiid rises to an altitude of 2,530 feet above sea-level. Its lower declivities are spreading and lumpish ; but its upper part rises as if from an alpine pedestal, and soars steeply and sublimely aloft in the form of a cone. The summit appears from below to be a literal acumination, — an acutely-pointed peak; but it is actually flattened into a tiny tableau of half-anacre. The country immediately round the base of the mountain is a series of hills, dells, ravines, and boggy flats and table-lands ; and after the interval of a few miles, it recedes toward the horizon in congeries of diversified and often intricately outlined mountains and lofty ridges : so that Croaghpatrick, as seen through many a vista, and from many a distant vantage-ground, appears like a stupendous tower or architectural lantern rising nobly over streets, squares, and a whole vast town of uplands. Its appearance, on almost any near view, but especially from Westport, Clare Island, or a thousand spots at the head and along the north side of Clew bay, is singularly imposing, — impressively sublime; and it usually exhibits such a plav of light and shade, such amassments of fleecy clout! in combination with burnishings of sunshine, such foils and contrasts between base and summit, between both and Clew bay, and between all and the oer-arching heavens, as to he a perfect study to even an adept in painting. One view of it is noticed in our article on Coraan- AcHiLL [which see]; and other views will probably occur in the progress of our work. The panorama hung around the mountain, and seen wholly at favourable moments from its summit, or partially, at most seasons, from its sides, is one of the most gorgeous, richly composed, and replete with character and stren^h and beauty, anywhere to be seen in the three kingdoms. A very frequent wreathing with clouds round the summit usually prevents the whole panorama from being seen at once ; but the zone of declivity immediately below is generally at a sufficient height to permit the view to be perfectly seen in parts. — No place in Ireland is the scene of more superstitious observances, or a more popular resort of pilgrims and devotees, or the site of more numerous smidl memorials of superstition, or the subject of more generally credited legends of hagiology. Vast crowds of miserable human beings, at certain seasons, swarm all over its summit and sides and skirts; multitudinous objects of reputed sanctity occur along its ascent and on its apex ; one jprand current legend is almost everywhere believed m the teeth of all credibility, that St Patrick gathered hither, and swept hence all venomous creatures in Ireland ; and several roonuroenta exist of really intrinsic interest, particularly one which was not, till three or four years a^o, brought into notice, and which carries back antiquarian association to a period very considerably earlier than that of the pretended exploits of SU Patrick. We are compelled by the limitedness of our space from noticing in detail an^ of the numerous objects of hagiological, supcrsutious, or antiquarian notoriety ; but oiay refer any of our readers, who have a taste for such matters, to a spirited chapter on pp. 300—331 of Ot way's * Tour in Connaught. — The summit of the mountain consists of quartz rock and clay-slate ; the west side is invested with serpentine: and other parts invite the researches, and will reward the curiosity, of the geologist and the botanist. At the mountain's base are the village of Morisk, and the ruins of an Augoatinian monastery. See Moriik.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Augustinian nunnery west of Cloyne Palace

Cloyne · town · Cork · 707–1069

An Augustinian nunnery once stood a little west of the Episcopal palace at Cloyne, claiming 6th-century foundation and St. Ite as first abbess. Another monastery, possibly the same, claimed founding in 707 and was plundered by the people of Ossory in 978 and by Dermot O'Brien in 1069.

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square castle, which stood in the centre of the town, and which was not very many years ago removed, is said to have been built and inhabited by the Fitzgeralds, seneschals of Imokilly. Sir Walter Raleigh fought a skirmish near the town with one of these seneschals; and behaved in the action with conspicuous gallantry A large wooden cross, probably the representative of a more ancient stone one, stood at the intersection of the two principal streets, and, greatly to the displeasure of the inhabitants, was removed by order of the late Lord Longueville. — An Augustinian nunnery stood at one time a little west of the Episcopal palace ; and very absurdly pretended to have been founded in the 6th century, and to have had for its first abbess a person called St. Ite. Another monastery, or probabiy the same one — for the former was long ago demolished — affected to have been founded in 707« and to have been plundered first by the people of Ossory in 978, and next by Dermot O'Brien in 1069. An hospital is said to nave been founded in 1326, and is commemorated in the name of the Spital Lands of Cloyne applied to lands which formerly were its property. In 1260, the town, like numerous others in Ireland, was divided into Englishtown and Irishtown.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 223

Ballintober seat of O'Conor Dhunne in Roscommon

Ballintober · townland · Roscommon

The O'Conor Dhunne and O'Conor Ruadh, rival branches descended from the ancient kings of Connaught, resided in county Roscommon. One branch was based at Ballintober, while the other was based at a second Roscommon seat, and both competed for honour of representing the early regal ancestry.

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History. "] — Connaught was formerly a kingdom of the Irish heptarchy, and was ruled by the O'Conors ; it continued, after the Anglo-Norman invasion, to enjoy a rude and semi-anarchical independency under chieftains who were descended from its ancient kings; and till 1590, when it was divided into counties, and put somewhat formally under English administration, it formed the grand asylum of the fugitive Irish in the various unsuccessful rebellions against the Crown. The O'Conors, during 200 years, tore the province with their feuds and dissensions ; and copiously shed the hlood of its people, not only in common warfare against the De Burgos and the Berminghams, but in contests among tfaeniselves for superior gradation of rank, or for principal chief* tainry. In 1305, their race and name were brought near extinction in the sanguinary battle-field of Athenry: see that article. The surviving toparchs, when their territories became diminished, and their personal importance had greatly declined, assumed the distinctive appellations ot O'Conor Dhanne, O'Conor Ruadh, O'Conor Sligo, and O'Conor O'Phttby. The Dhunnc and the Ruadh took their names t'rom respectively the brown and the red colour of the hair of their two rival ancestors; they resided in the county of Roscommon, the one at Bai^lintobber, and the other at BaluitafaOii i [see these articles] ; and they appear to hmve ae*
CON

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Ballyellis House, former seat of Sir J. Jervis

Carnew · town · Wicklow

Ballyellis House, located within a mile of the town of Carnew in County Wicklow, was formerly the seat of Sir J. Jervis, Bart. It stands on the road to Gorey.

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CARNEW, a parish, partly in the baronies of Scarewalsh and Gorey, co. Wexford, but chiefly in that of Shillelagh, co. Wicklow, Leinster. The Shillelagh section contains the villages of Carnew and Shillelagh : which see. The outline of the parish is nearly a circle of 7 miles in diameter. Ares of the Scarewalsh section, 7>555 acres, 1 rood, 16 perches ; of the Gorey section, 560 acres, 1 rood, 14 perches, — of which 234 acres, 2 roods, 2 perdies are detached; of the Shillelagh section, 15,350 acres, 1 rood, 26 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 6.865 ; in 1841, 7,205. Houses 1,100. Pop. of the Scarewalsh section, in 1831, 1,892; in 1841, 1,767. Houses 276. Pop. of the Gorey section, in 1841,* 252. Houses 41. Pop. of the rural districts of the ShUlelagh section, in 1841, 4,021. Houses 617. But the population, according to the ecclesiastical retumt, quite or very nearly excludes the co. Wexford section, and is stated, tor 1831, at 4,969. The Tillages are Coolattin, Castlebog, and Shtllelaoh; see these articles. The chief mansion is Coolattoi, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, who is landowner of by fer the greater part of the barony. Ballyellis. house, formerly the seat of Sir J. Jervia, Bart, stands within a mile of the town of Carnew, on the road to Gorey. The other mansions are Primrose- Hill, Dunishall, Woodmount, LaureUHill, Ballsid, Coolbog, Hillbrook, Kilcavan, Tinrygar, Tombrin, Upper Ballingate, Lower Ballingate, BellsTiew, Beechmount, Cronghom, Rockhouse, and BaUvkellv. The surface of the parish consists vsrioiisij of plain and upland ; contains a chief part of tlw nds of the Derry, an affluent of the Slaney ; and, witt the exception of woodlands, consists of araUe and pasture grounds, which vary in value from lOi. to 558. per plantation acre. Slievebog, on the soatlieni ^ boundary of the Scarewalsh, has an altitude of 1,88& feet; and three heights on the east border, the south border, and the north-west district of the Shillelagh section, have i^itudes of refpectivelj

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

Ballymartin hamlet in Clogher parish

Ballymartin · townland · Carlow

In the north of the parish of Clogher stands the hamlet of Ballymartin, situated along the right bank of the River Barrow.

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sre in the river Barrow. Pop., in 1831* S,3M: in 1841, 2,656. Houses 44L Pop. of tbe nml districts, in ia31, 1,7*23; in 1841, ],70& Howes 280. The surface extends along tbe rin^ht bwik of the Barrow, and is partly drained thither by the Borris rivulet. The land variei* in value from 28«. to 35s. per plantation acre. The inhabitants enjoy the advantages of ihc Barrow N»vigatioii, uid of the thoroughfare between DubKn and Kew Ro^s. Adjoining Borris is the superb demesne of Borriscastle ; and a little to the eaitt, on the road leading to CO. Wexford through SeoHagh Gap, bat immediately beyond the boundary of Clonagoose, is the mansion of Kilcaldrum. In the north stands the hamlet of Ballymartin. — This parish is a Tiearage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Leigfalin. Vicarial tithe composition, £8& Is. 6^d. Gross income, £93 Is. 6.Ld. ; nett, £41 17s. 6|d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £152 6s. i^d., and are impropriate in Lord -Cloncurry. An apartment in Borris-castle was a few years ngo, used as the parochial place of worship, and had an attendance of 100; but a church was recently erected. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1 ,000 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Kiltennel and St. Mullins. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 151, and the Roman Catholics to 2,272; and 6 daily schools-.-^ of which were in oonnexion with the National Board, and 3 with the Kildare-place Society — had on their books -374 boys and 120 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

Bannow agricultural school opened 1821

Bannow · townland · Wexford · 1821

The earliest agricultural school in Ireland was opened at Bannow in 1821 by the Rev. Mr. Hickey. It operated successfully both in its immediate sphere and as an example to the country.

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There is no inhabitant -or bouse «n any part of what was the old town of Bannow. Part of the site of this ancient town has been covered with sand drifted from the sea, which, in some places, covers the original surface to the depth of many feet. The monumental remains in the church are so considerable as to lead one to suppose that the place was once of some importance. There has not been service in the church as long as any one remembers. We have not been able to discover any charter of the borough -of Bannow. There are extant numerous inquisitions, post mortem^ ef -the reigns of James I. and Charles I., finding the seisin ef certain parties in premises and rents in the town and burgages of Bannow, which appear to have been held in burgage tenure; but those records make no mention of a corporation. The burgess above-mentioned holds three pieces of land, containing about I^ acre; his house is on one of them. A small part of the commons belongs to the Marquis of Ely, and is held by the burgess. He informed us that all these lands had been given to one of his ancestors by the ^rst of the Loftuses about 200 years ago, and that no rent had ever been paid since. He said he had heard that this land once belonged to the corporation, but that bis family had been in possession of it for about 200 vears. It appears from the Union 'Compensation )leturns, that a compensation of £15;000 was made at the Union for the loss of the representative franchise of this borough, to be paid to the uses of the will of Henry, then late Earl of Ely."— The modern hamlet stands in the vicinity of the site of the ancient borough. The earliest agricultural school of Ireland was opened here in 1821, by the Rev. Mr. Hickey, and operated successfully both in its immediate sphere and as an example to the country. The Roman Catholic chapel is in the hamlet. A new pier was, a few years ago, erected in th€ harbour. Pop. not specially returned.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

Bannow ancient town buried under sand

Bannow · townland · Wexford

The site of the ancient borough of Bannow has no inhabitants or houses. Sand drifted from the sea covers the original surface to a depth of many feet, and the church contains considerable monumental remains suggesting the place was once of importance.

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There is no inhabitant -or bouse «n any part of what was the old town of Bannow. Part of the site of this ancient town has been covered with sand drifted from the sea, which, in some places, covers the original surface to the depth of many feet. The monumental remains in the church are so considerable as to lead one to suppose that the place was once of some importance. There has not been service in the church as long as any one remembers. We have not been able to discover any charter of the borough -of Bannow. There are extant numerous inquisitions, post mortem^ ef -the reigns of James I. and Charles I., finding the seisin ef certain parties in premises and rents in the town and burgages of Bannow, which appear to have been held in burgage tenure; but those records make no mention of a corporation. The burgess above-mentioned holds three pieces of land, containing about I^ acre; his house is on one of them. A small part of the commons belongs to the Marquis of Ely, and is held by the burgess. He informed us that all these lands had been given to one of his ancestors by the ^rst of the Loftuses about 200 years ago, and that no rent had ever been paid since. He said he had heard that this land once belonged to the corporation, but that bis family had been in possession of it for about 200 vears. It appears from the Union 'Compensation )leturns, that a compensation of £15;000 was made at the Union for the loss of the representative franchise of this borough, to be paid to the uses of the will of Henry, then late Earl of Ely."— The modern hamlet stands in the vicinity of the site of the ancient borough. The earliest agricultural school of Ireland was opened here in 1821, by the Rev. Mr. Hickey, and operated successfully both in its immediate sphere and as an example to the country. The Roman Catholic chapel is in the hamlet. A new pier was, a few years ago, erected in th€ harbour. Pop. not specially returned.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

Bannow Harbour and Tintern ruins

Bannow · townland · Wexford

The Bannow estuary on the south coast of Wexford enters from Ballyteigue bay and ascends northeastward between the baronies of Bargie and Shelbourne. It has the attractive architectural ruins of Tintern on its west shore and the vestiges of ancient Bannow town at its entrance.

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BANNOW (The), an estuary or marine inlet, called sometimes Bannow Harbour, and sometimes Bannow river, on the south coast of co. Wexford, Leinster. It enters by a narrow channel from the head of Bally tt'igue bay [see BallyteioueI; and ascends 3^ miles north-eastward between the barony of Barf^ie on the east, and that of Shelbourne on the west, it is shallow; has a rapid tidal current; becomes, over a large extent, dry at low water; and i^ nowhere quite I^ mile broad. It receives at its head the Corug rivulet; is there overlooked by the village of Clonmines ; and bus on its west shore the attractive architectural ruins of Tintern, and on the ea«t bide of its entrance the melancholy vestiges of the ancient town of Bannow.
BANNOW, a parish containing the almost extinct traces of an ancient town and a borough of the same iiume. and situated in the south-west extremity of the barony of Bargie, co. Wexford, Leinster. It also contains the village of Carrick: which see. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 2}; area, 6,551 teres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162

Bannow, the Irish Herculaneum

Bannow · townland · Wexford

Bannow was an extinct town and borough in Wexford, called the 'Irish Herculaneum' because it was overwhelmed by sand rather than lava. Its site features lonely ruins of an abbey on a green knoll, a dilapidated church, sandhillocks with formal straight depressions suggesting buried streets, and a square mass of solid masonry about 7 feet high.

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BANNOW, an extinct old town and borough, and also a modern hamlet, in the above parish, barony of Bargie, 16 miles south-west of Wexford, co. Wexford, Leinster. Mr. Fraser, with a haste and inaccuracy altogether contrasted to the prevailing properties of his excellent ** Guide through Ireland," says : '* Bannow has been called by Mr. Inglb, Rev. R. Walsh, and others, the Irish Herculaneum ; on what grounds, we are at a loss to discover. Not a vestige of antiquity remains, nor does a feature exist, nor is there even a legendary story among the peasantry, to warrant such a statement. A shallow, winding creek, choked with sand, dreary shores, still made more dreary by the lonely ruins of the abbey, on its secfuestered green knoll, render, however; the site of this imaginary town interesting." Mr. Walsh and various other writers describe * grounds,' ' vestiges,' and * features,' of a quondam town anything but imaginary ; and details are on record respecting the premises, rents, burgages, and elective franchise of the town which are so palpable, so historical, as scarcely to allow the popular fancy sufficient scope for the desiderated and mere * legendary story.' An essential failure of the comparison between Bannow, and either Herculaneum or Pompeii, exists only in the circumstance that the one was overwhelmed with sand and the other with lava, — the former bjr what theold geologists would call Neptunian agency, and the other by what they would call Vulcanian. The Rev. Mr. Walsh's account of the place is so comparatively recent, so graphic, so erudite, so thoroughly satisfactory, that we are certain we shall gratify our readers by copying it rather than attemptmg a compilation of our own.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162

Bansha village and surrounding country seats

Bansha · town · Tipperary

The village of Bansha stands in the vale of Aherlow. Nearby are Lismacue, the old family-seat of W. Baker, Esq.; Bansha-castle, the villa of E. O'Ryan, Esq.; and Spring-house, the seat of John Lowe, Esq., whose wooded demesnes produce scenery as exquisite as any in the vales of Wicklow.

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BANSHA, or Banshaw, a village in the parish of Templeneiry, barony of <?lanwilliam, co. Tipperary, fthinster. It stands in the vale of Aherlow, 5 miles south -south-east of Tipperary, on the road thence to Cahcr. Contiguous to it is Lismacue, the old family-seat of W. Baker, Esq. ; 2 miles nearer Tipperary is Bansha-castle, the handsome villa of E. O'Ryan, Esq. ; and a mile further, in the same directio?i, is Spring-house, the beautiful seat of John Lowe, Esq. The richly- wooded demesnes of these residences combine ^ith the fine contour and natural picturesqueness of the arfjacent country to produce scenery as exquisite as any of its class in the famed vales of the county of Wicklow. Area of the village, 38 acres. Pop., in 1831, 281 ; in 1841. 378. Houses 64. The name of the village is sometimes given to the parish in which it stands. See Templeneiry.
BANTEER, a village in the parish of Clonmeen, barony of Duhallow, co. Cork, Munster. Area, 7 acres. Pop., in 1841, 137. Houses 22.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

Bantry Bay coralline used as fertilizer

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

Coralline raised from Bantry Bay shore is used as an invaluable fertilizer for adjacent farms in Bere and Bantry. Calcareous sand from the coast, some containing 60 per cent carbonate of lime, serves as the principal manure in this high-value region.

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BANTRY, a barony on the coast and in the southwest corner of co. Cork, Munster. It is usually treated as forming one barony jointly with Bere ; itcontaini no entire parish, and part of only the two parishes of Durras and Kilmacomogue ; it is deeply intersected by Bantry bay, and much broken in coast-line by minor marine indentations ; it is irregular in form, •and boldly Highland in contour ; and, for these reasons unitedly, it cannot be very distinctly described. Its scenery is alternately wild, romantic, sublime, and brilliantly picturesque ; but will be more suitably noticed in connection with Bantry bay, and in some other articles. Copper mines of great value are worked, and, several years age, employed upwards of 500 persons in the department simply of breaking the ore. Limestone occasionally crops out from the soil ; and a calcareous schist, which yielda a brown lime, occurs on the north sideof Bantry bay. Though the situation is remote and sequestered, and much of the ground is stubborn, and all but quite impracticable, rents are high. Oats, barley, and flax are cultivated ; and black cattle and hardy mountain ponies are reared. Bogs are extensive, but improveable; and both they and other grounds are ameliorated 'by coralline found on Bantry ba^ shore. But — to adopt the words and borrow the information of a writer in the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture— ** If the coralline of Bantry bay, raised with expense and labour, be an invaluable fertilizer to the adjacent farms of Bere and Bantry, the sand from most parts of the coast, which is more or less calcareous, is also a valuable boon of Providence. Some of this contains 60 per cent of carbonate of lime, and is the principal manure. Land bears a high value throughoutthis region ; and is let in the wilder parts, not in the usual way by the acre, but by what IS termed the gneeve^ which is the twelfth part of a townland, and therefore of very undefined acreage ; and is held by leases of three lives, one life, or 31 years, whichever lasts longer, or 21 yeara and a life. The last is becoming a favourite limit with landlords, and sufficiently permanent for the tenant. * * Any pereon, viewing the extent of tillage here, the clumsy ill-constructed tools with which it is cooducted, and considering the disadvantages under which the cultivators labour— too poor and thrifty to consume even a portion of the corn whi^h they raise, and often with very scanty clothing as well at insufficient food — must appreciate the industry of these poor people who labour prindpally for their

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

1264 seizure of nobles at Castle-Dermot

1278 feudal battle at Clare between O'Brien factions

1499 parliament at Castle-Dermot with curious enactments

1613 grant of Coleraine to London merchants

1642 Battle in Clonakilty Streets

1796 French invasion fleet thwarted by hurricane

1798 rebellion damage at Carlow, Bagnalstown, Leighlin-Bridge and Borris

1830 housing conditions in Boyle

1841 Livestock Statistics in Cork City

6th-century monastic foundation at Biorra (Birr)

Adare on the river Maig in Coshma barony

Alderman Henry Gill's bequest for aged men, 1761

Alleged 6th-century monastery at Clontarf

Alleged early abbey founded by St. Patrick

Alleged early priory and St Carbreus at Coleraine

Allihies Copper Mine near Berehaven

Almshouses built by Belturbet corporation for poor widows

Amethyst quarry near Blackrock, Cork

Ancient building remains near Cloyne Cathedral

Ancient castle and martello towers on Bantry Bay islets

Ancient castle at Castletown, Louth

Ancient castle of the Verdons at Clonmore, Louth

Ancient church of Clonmacnoise parish

Ancient Dun earthwork and castle ruins at Clane

Ancient ecclesiastical pile at Camus on the Bann

Ancient granitic cross and baptismal font near Fassaroe

Ancient round tower at Castledermot church

Ancient wooden bridge at Cappoquin over the Blackwater

Anglo-Norman conquest of Cork, 1172–1195

Annesley ancestor created Baron Annesley of Castlewellan in 1758

Antiquities of Buolick parish

Antiquity of the Corporation of Clonmel

Antrim and Down Lunatic Asylum

Archbishop Bolton's Water Works in Cashel

Archbishop Crawley opposes rebels at Castle-Dermot 1414

Archdall's description of Clonard Abbey ruins

Archdeacon Cotton's preservation of the Rock of Cashel ruins

Arch-Hall seat of Samuel Garnet in Clongill

Archiepiscopal palace and gardens at Cashel

Arching of the canal at Henry Street, Cork

Archipelago between Cape Clear and Mizen Head

Ards, seat of Alexander Stewart

Assassination of Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore at monastery, 1408

Augustinian abbey founded at Castleknock by Richard Tyrrel

Augustinian abbey ruins and parish church in Callan

Augustinian abbey ruins near Cahir founded by Geoffrey de Camville

Augustinian friary at Clonmeen founded by O'Callaghans

Augustinian monastery at Clonmines founded and dissolved

Augustinian monastery at Clontuskert founded by Boadan

Augustinian monastery ruins at base of Croagh Patrick

Augustinian nunnery west of Cloyne Palace

Ballintober seat of O'Conor Dhunne in Roscommon

Ballyellis House, former seat of Sir J. Jervis

Ballymartin hamlet in Clogher parish

Bannow agricultural school opened 1821

Bannow ancient town buried under sand

Bannow Harbour and Tintern ruins

Bannow, the Irish Herculaneum

Bansha village and surrounding country seats

Bantry Bay coralline used as fertilizer