The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Benburb church built circa 1691

   Benburb · townland · Tyrone · 1691

   The parish church of Clonfeacle, situated at Benburb, was believed to have been constructed approximately 155 years before the publication of the gazetteer, placing its founding around 1691. It had 400 sittings and an attendance of about 200 in the 1840s.

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   opulence. Immediately on the river Black water, in particular, are a few pleasant close landscapes. Most of the land is of a good arable quality. The Ulster Canal passes through the interior; and 127 acres, 1 rood, 10 perches of the parochial area are water, chiefly in small lakes. The original or uiicorrupted name of the parish was Cluain-Fiacul, *the Church of the Tooth,* and is said to have been derived from the circumstance of an alleged tooth of St. Patrick being long preserved in its church as a saintly relic. St. Lugad, or Lugaid, the son of Tailchan, who was **a very aged man in the year 580," is pretended to have been ** abbot of Cluain- Fiacul." The village of Clonfeacle has an area of 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 123. Houses 25.— This parish is a rectorv, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Armagh. Tithe composition, £1,0.')0; glebe, £537 \0*. Gross income, £1,567 19^.; nett, £1,330 9s. lOd. Patron, Trinity College, Dublin. A curate has a stipend of £75. The chuich is situated at Benburb; and is supposed to have been built about 155 years ago. Sittings 400; attendance, about 200. A Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by 300 in summer; a Wesleyan meetinghouse, by about 30 ; and a Roman Catholic chapel, by 1,100 at one service and 300 at another; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, the last is united to the Roman Catholic chapel of Moy. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,821 Churchmen, 1,178 Presbyterians, 99 other Protestant dissenters, and 4,867 Roman Catholics ; 2 Sunday schools were attended b^ from 50 to 60 children ; 5 daily schools — 3 of which were aided respectively with £5 from Lord Roden, £10 from the National Board, and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society — had on their books 155 boys and 83 girls ; and 2 other daily schools were attended in summer by from 65 to 80 children.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

2. Bengower mountain of the Twelve Pins

   Bengower · mountain or mountain range · Galway

   Bengower is one of the loftiest and most conspicuous of the group of Binabola, or the Twelve Pins, in the barony of Ballinahinch, County Galway, overhanging the lake of Ballinahinch. Its altitude is 2,336 feet.

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   BENGOWER, a mountain in the barony of Hal* linahinch, co. Galway, Connaught. It is one of the loftiest and most conspicuous ol the group of Binabola, or tbe Twelve Pins, and overhangs the lake of

   BEN

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

3. Benwee headland: sublime Atlantic panorama in Erris

   near Benwee or Kilcummin Head · promontory · Mayo

   Benwee is a mountainous headland on the north coast of the barony of Erris in Mayo, rising 829 feet perpendicularly from the Atlantic on its north side. From its summit one can trace most of Erris, the Stags of Broadhaven, Downpatrick Head, the Mullet, and the mountains of Achill.

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   BEN WEE, a mountain, or mountainous headland, on the north coast of the barony of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught. It rises a brief distance west of Portacloy, and screens the east side of the entrance of Broadhaven. On its north side, confronting the Atlantic, it soars perpendicularly up from the sea, to the height of 829 feet ; but on the other sides it .rises gradually, and can easily be ascended. The view from its summit is extensive and sublime. " On the one hand, the greater part of Erris, with its lofty southern barriers sweeping in circular outline, can be traced ; on the other, the eye rests on the dark bosom of the Atlantic. Coastwise, on the east, are

   seen the stags of Broadhaven, and the whole range of rocky shore, from Benmore to Downpatrick Head ; and, on the south-west, the eye ranges over the harbours of Broadhaven and Black'sod, the shores and surface of the Mullet, and rests on the cloudcapt mountains of Achill." — Eraser's Guide.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

4. Bere Island as natural breakwater in Bantry Bay

   near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork

   Bere Island acts as a natural breakwater for Bantry Bay, keeping the interior surface calm during the strong and prevalent south-west winds. It covers Berehaven bay and contributes to the bay's safety and capacity for shipping.

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   BANTRY, a spacious and sublimely scenic bay in the baronies of Bere and Bantry, co. Cork, Munster. It penetrates the country ea«t-north-eastward ; and is separated from Dunmanus bay, on the right, by a peninsula of 2^ miles in mean breadth, — and from the Keumare rirer or estuary, on the left, by a peninsula of about 7^ miles in mean breadth. It enters between Sheep Head on the right, and Blackhall Head, or the most southerly termination of the Berehaven mountains, on the left ; and it is 8 miles wide at the entrance. Its length is 20 miles ; and its interior breadth varies between 2} and 8, and in general is upwards of 5. Its chief expansions or offshoots are Berehaven bay, commencing 3| miles from Blackhall Head ; Ardagh bay, commencing 2| miles from Berehaven bay ; the magnificently picturesque harbour or bay of Glengariff, penetrating northward from near the bead of the west side ; three small estuaries at the extreme east-north-east; and the small cove at the town of Bantry. The principd islands are Bere and Whiddy, the former covering Berehaven, and the latter lying off the town of Bantry ; and on the east side of \Vhiddy are four isles, called Chapel, Horse, Hog, and Rabbit Islands. The depth of water north of Bere islands is from 10 to 16 fathoms ; south of that island, from 30 to 40 ; eastward to Whiddy island, from 15 to 25; and in the roadstead for ships between Whiddy and the mainland, from 24 to 40, on good anchorage ground. Bere island acts as a breakwater, and keeps the surface of the interior calm, during the strong and prevalent south-west winds ; and so safe and capacious is the bay that nearly all the shipping of Europe could shelter in it in deep water. **In exploring the bay," says the author of the Guide to Killarney, **the informed tourist will find its interest heightened by many traditionary and historical recollections. He will hear or recollect, with a smile, the antiquarian dreams of the venerable visionary Keating, according to whom the antediluvian Beth landed here, and first took possession of the green isUnd, with three men and fifty women. Here, on a small island, his attention will oe directed to the site of a fortress belonging to that consummate statesman and leader, Carew, Lord- President of Munster in the days of Elizabeth. Here also he will recollect the descent of a French fleet in 1789,* under the command of Monsieur Perrault, which was only saved from the English fleet under Herbert by the unfavourable state of the wind, which did not permit more than a partial attack. And here also, last not least, he will recall the more formidable event of 1796, when this island was providentially rescued by a hurricane of unparalleled fury, from the most formidable fleet that ever left the shores of France, bearing a force which there was no preparation to repel. Connected with this recollection, strikingly conspicuous as a feature of the surrounding scenery, appear the fortress and tower built at considerable expense after this invasion. Of these the best that may be said is, that they add much to the picturesque beauty of the scene ; and although they cannot offer the slightest obstacle to future in-

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

5. Bessbrook linen yarn mills in Armagh

   near Bessbrook · town · Armagh

   A rural manufacturing settlement on the eastern border of the barony of Orior in co. Armagh, noted for vast quantities of strong linen yarn manufactured from home-grown flax produce. The nearby Millvale district contained extensive bleachfields and a flour mill.

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   BESSBROOK, a rural seat of manufacture on the eastern border of the barony of Orior and co. Armagh, 2^ miles north-north-west of Newry, on the road thence to Armagh, Ulster. The flax mills here are noted for the vast quantities of strong linen yarn which have been manufactured in them from home-grown produce. In the immediate vicinity are the extensive bleachfield and the flour mill of Millvale.

   BESSY BELL and MARY GREY. See Ard-

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

6. Betaghstown village and Betaghstown-house seat

   near Bettystown · town · Meath

   Betaghstown is a village in the parish of Colpe, co. Meath, standing on the coast 3½ miles east-south-east of Drogheda. In the vicinity is Betaghstown-house, the seat of R. Shepeard, Esq.

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   BETAGHSTOWN, a village in the parish of Colpe, barony of Lower Duleek, co. Meath, Leinster. It stands on the coast 34 miles east-south-east of Drogheda. In the vicinity is Betaghstown-house, the seat of R. Shepeard, Esq. Pop., in 1831, 214 ; in 1841, not specially returned.

   BEWLEY, CO. Louth. See Beaulieu.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

7. Bilboa Colliery on the west border

   near Bilboa · population centre · Laois

   The Bilboa colliery is situated on the western border of the parish of Cloydagh. The principal seats in the area, in addition to Cloghrenan, are Fonthill and Raheendoran.

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   CLOYDAGH, or Clody, a parish, partly in the barony of Slievemargy, Queen's co., and partly in that of Carlow, co. Carlow, but chiefly in that of West Idrone, co. Carlow, 3 miles south-south-west of the town of Carlow, Leinster. Length, westward, 4 miles; breadth, from } of a mile to 2} miles. Area of the Slievemargy section, 788 acres, 28 perches, — of which 245 acres, 2 roods, 33 perches, lie detached in Queen's co., yet contiguous to the Carlow parts of the parish, and 1 rood, 32 perches, are in the river Barrow. Area of the barony of Carlow section, 1,265 acres, 2 roods, 11 perches, — of which 27 acres, 1 rood. 32 perches, are in the Barrow. Area of the Idrone section, 2,889 acres, 2 roods, 29 perches, — of which 22 acres, 8 perches, are in the Barrow. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 1,422; in 1841, 1,499. Houses 240. Pop. of the Idrone section, in 1831, 903; in 1841, 997. Houses 101. Pop. of the barony of Carlow section, in 1831, 204; in 1841, 211. Houses 27. It comprises part of the rich vale of the river Barrow, and the greater portion of those green, beautiful, gently descending offshoots of the Slievemargy mountaim which bear the name of Cloghrenan Hills. A small part of the surface is upland waste : most of the hilly ground is either woodland or pasture ; and the opulent low lands on the Barrow are chiefly in tillage, yet largely disposed in the parks and woods and profuse embellishments of demesne ground. The principal assemblage of interesting features is noticed iu the article Cloghrenan : which see. The principal summit is that of Cloghrenan hill, situated a little south of the centre, and possessing an altitude of 1,038 feet above sea-level. The Bilboa colliery is situated on the west border. The principal seat<, a4lditional to Cloghrenan, are Fonthill and Raheendoran. A little south of Cloghrenan demesne is the singularly interesting locality of Alillford, — celebrated for flour-mill establishments whose great extent and accompanying improvements are fitted to astonish Englishmen. See Millford. The western road from Carlow to Leighlin- Bridge passes down the right bank of the Barrow; and the advantages of that river's navigation are^ enjoyed by the inhabitants. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Leighlin. Vicarial tithe composition, £92 6s. l|d. ; glebe, £25 4s. Gross income, £117 10s. Ijd.; nett, £77 17!*. S^d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £184 12s. 3|d., and are impropriate in Col. Bruen and W. Fishbounie, Esq. The church was built, in 1800, by meant of a gift of £461 lOi. 9|d. from the ktff

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 220

8. Billy Parish and the magnificent Antrim sea-coast

   near Billy · parish · Antrim · 1815

   Billy parish in co. Antrim includes the lower vale of the Bush river, basaltic grounds, and the most magnificent portion of the northern sea-coast. Its demesnes are Ballylough and Bushmills, and its church was built in 1815 at a cost of £1,200.

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   9,260 acres, 8 roods, 13 perdiet ; of which 19 a*re«, 2 roods, 24 perches, are water. Pop. of the whole, quoad aaera, in 1831, 5,845. Pop. quoad eiviliaf in 1831, 6,869 ; in 1841, 7,277. Houses 1,370. Pop. ot the Dunluce section, in 1831, 3,356; in I84I, 3,537. Houses 668. Pop. of the rural districts of the Carey section, in 1831, 3,006 ; in 1841, 3,079. Houses 584. The limits include the lower part of the vale of the Bush river, a portion of the basaltic grounds which screen the vale, and the most magnificent portion of the wondrous northern sea-coast of the county. The demesnes are Ballylough and Bushmills. Toe chief objects of interest will be noticed under the words Bush, Bushmills, Dunseverick, Bengore, Plea* SKIN, and Giant's Causeway : which see. — This parish is a rectory, a separate benefice, and the corps of Connor archdeaconry, in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, £451 15s. 4^. ; glebe, £58 48. 3d. Gross income, £509 19s. 7^d. ; nett, £458 lis. 2|d. The church was built, in 1815, at the cost of £1,200, partly gifted and partly lent by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittmgs 300 ; attendance 120. Three Presbyterian meeting-houses are attended by respectively 350, 335, and from 150 to 250; and two Wesleyan meeting-houses, by respectively 100 and 70i In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,445 Churchmen, 4,139 Presbyterians, 238 other Protestant dissenters, and 316 Roman Catholics ; 3 Sunday schools were attended, on the average, by 238 children ; and 8 daily schools— one of whico was supported by £30 a-year from the Board of Erasmus Smith, and another with £26 from the Wesleyan Missionary Society — had on their books 307 boys and 165 girls. In 1839, the National Board granted £40 toward the erection of a school at Carnmeen ; and, in 1840, they had a school at Ballingore.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

9. Binevenagh mountain: columnar cliffs and panoramic views

   near Binevenagh · mountain or mountain range · Derry

   Binevenagh, on the border of parishes Magilligan and Aghanloo in Londonderry, exhibits fine columnar cliffs and successive terraces of fallen strata descending to sandy flats. Its 1,260-foot summit commands a panorama including Lough Foyle, the ruined fortresses of Greencastle, Inishowen, and the Giant's Causeway.

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   BENYEVENAGH, a mountain on the mutual border of the parishes of Magilligan and Aghanloo, barony of Kenought, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It is situated 2| miles east of Lough Foyle, 5 southsouth.east of Magilligan Point, and 5^ north by east of Newtown- Lima vaddy. It is prevailingly verdant, but exhibits some fine specimens of columnar cliffs, and successive terraces of fallen strata, descending tier below tier till they subside into the sandy flats which bound the lough and the ocean. Its summit has an altitude of 1,260 feet above sea-level, and commands a panorama of great extent and uncommon brilliance. The immediate foreground is green sheep-walk, " clothed with flocks ;" the more distant foreground consists of the flats of Magilligan, Aghanloo, and Myroe, and the valleys of the Foyle and the Roe, streaked with the silvery belts of rivers, and powdered and gemmed with cottages, hamlets, villages, seats, and plantations ; the middlegrounds display the narrow strait and the wide expansion of Lough Foyle, the ruined fortresses of Greencastle, the ranges and terminations of Innishowen, the intertexture of land and water along the coast, and the strife of acclivity and plain for ascendency along the skirts of the hills; and the backgrounds are the blue mountain peaks of distant Donegal, the ocean blending with the horiaon, the prominences of Antrim receding away to the Giant's Causeway, and the swelling curves of the schistose mountains of Londonderry cutting skylines behind the basaltic forelands which abut boldly upon the plain. Benyevenagh abounds in objects of interest to the naturalist.

   BERAGH, a village in the parish of Clogheme^, barony of Omagh, co. Tyrone, Ulster. In its vicinity stands the parish-church. Area, 17 acres. Pop., in 1841, 617. Houses 103.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

10. Bingham Castle, seat of Major Bingham on Blacksod Bay

    Bingham Castle · castle · Mayo

    Bingham-castle, the seat of Major Bingham, stands on the shore of Blacksod bay in co. Mayo. It is a large rude castellated structure in almost naked grounds, where Atlantic storms prevent trees from growing higher than a sheltering wall.

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    BINGHAMSTOWN, or Saleen, a viUage in the parish of Kilmore, barony of Erris, co. I^layo, Connaught. Binghamstown is properly the name of the village ; and Saleen« the name of the creek or small bay on which it stands. The village is situated on the west side of Blacksod bay, on the north shore of Saleen creek, on the east margin of the peninsula, called Within-the-Mullet, and about 3 miles south-south-west of Belmullet. It has all been built since 1821, upon a somewhat regular plan, and consisted 10 or 1 2 years ago, of about 100 houses ; but it has a poor and even squalid appearance, and may be regarded as an orderly assemblage of miserable huts. It is the seat of the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, and some commercial and fishery stores ; yet, though better situated than Belmullet for prosecuting the great fishery of the western shores, it has an insignificant character as a fishing station. Considerable shipments of com and potatoes are made for Westport, and are sent in exchange for merchandise. A harbour, consisting of a pier 166 feet long, and an interior excavated basin, vras begun by the proprietor, carried on by the Fishery Board, and aided from the public funds with ^43 158. 2d. A dispensary in the villare is within the Ballina Poor-law union, and, jointly with one in Belmullet, serves for a district of 250,263 acres, with 22,665 in^ habitants ; and, in 1839-40, it received £132 88., expended £148 Os. 6d., and administered to 2,142 patients. Bingham-castle, the seat of Major Bingham, the proprietor of the villi^e and most of the peninsula, stands on the shore of Blacksod bay, 2 or 3 miles farther south. It is a large rude castellated structure, in the midst of almost naked grounds ; the storms of the Atlantic being so violent as to prevent the growth of a tree any higher than to the top of a sheltering wall. Area of the village, 21 acres. Pop., in 1841,436 Houses 73.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

11. Binghamstown village and harbour on Blacksod Bay

    Binghamstown · townland · Mayo · 1821

    Binghamstown, also called Saleen, is a village in co. Mayo built since 1821 on a regular plan, consisting of about 100 houses. A harbour with a 166-foot pier was begun by the proprietor and carried on by the Fishery Board, with public funds aiding the work.

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    BINGHAMSTOWN, or Saleen, a viUage in the parish of Kilmore, barony of Erris, co. I^layo, Connaught. Binghamstown is properly the name of the village ; and Saleen« the name of the creek or small bay on which it stands. The village is situated on the west side of Blacksod bay, on the north shore of Saleen creek, on the east margin of the peninsula, called Within-the-Mullet, and about 3 miles south-south-west of Belmullet. It has all been built since 1821, upon a somewhat regular plan, and consisted 10 or 1 2 years ago, of about 100 houses ; but it has a poor and even squalid appearance, and may be regarded as an orderly assemblage of miserable huts. It is the seat of the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, and some commercial and fishery stores ; yet, though better situated than Belmullet for prosecuting the great fishery of the western shores, it has an insignificant character as a fishing station. Considerable shipments of com and potatoes are made for Westport, and are sent in exchange for merchandise. A harbour, consisting of a pier 166 feet long, and an interior excavated basin, vras begun by the proprietor, carried on by the Fishery Board, and aided from the public funds with ^43 158. 2d. A dispensary in the villare is within the Ballina Poor-law union, and, jointly with one in Belmullet, serves for a district of 250,263 acres, with 22,665 in^ habitants ; and, in 1839-40, it received £132 88., expended £148 Os. 6d., and administered to 2,142 patients. Bingham-castle, the seat of Major Bingham, the proprietor of the villi^e and most of the peninsula, stands on the shore of Blacksod bay, 2 or 3 miles farther south. It is a large rude castellated structure, in the midst of almost naked grounds ; the storms of the Atlantic being so violent as to prevent the growth of a tree any higher than to the top of a sheltering wall. Area of the village, 21 acres. Pop., in 1841,436 Houses 73.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

12. Birdhill hamlet on Nenagh–Limerick road

    Birdhill · townland · Tipperary

    Birdhill is a scattered but pleasant hamlet in the barony of Owney and Arra, dispersed along and near the road from Nenagh to Limerick. It contains a posting inn, a large school, and a dispensary serving a population of 11,700 within the Nenagh Poor-law union.

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    BIRDHILL, a scattered but pleasant hamlet is the barony of Owney and Arra, co. Tipperary, Munster. It lies dispersed along and near the road from Nenagh to Limerick, nearly 3 miles south by east of Killaloe. The place has a small posting inn, a lar^e school, and a dispensary. The last of these is within the Nenagh Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 1 1,700; and, in i83&-40, it received £12^2 6^, Gd., expended £115 3s., and administered to 1,150 paticnU. Birdhill-house, the tent of 8. H. Atkins, Esq., occupies a very elevated adjacent site. Pop. not specially returned.

    BIRD ISLAND, an islet at the south-west »fde of the entrance of Dunmanus bay, oo. Cork, Munster.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

13. Birr Barracks and esplanade

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    A suite of barracks about three-fourths of a mile from Birr provided accommodation for three regiments of infantry. Attached to it was an esplanade of 60 acres used for drilling and reviews.

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    General Description.'] — Birr is both ihe ancient and the popular name of the town ; and Parsonstown is its name of etiquette, imposed in honour of its proprietors, the Parsons, Earls of Rosse. Till it became the Parsons' property, it was a small, mean village; but, under their fostering care, it has become a well-built, populous, commercial, prosperous town, the residence of many respectable families, the seat of a considerable inland trade, and the site of several interesting public buildings. The modern parts are regularly disposed in good, urban-looking streets and squares. In the central and chief open area, called Duke-square, is a Doric pillar, 50 teet high, surmounted by a full-length pedestrian statue, cast in lead, stone-coloured, and invested with Roman costume, of William, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II. This monument is rather curious than ornamental; it was erected in 1747 to commemorate the suppression of the Scottish rebellion, by the vie tory of Culloden, and is, we believe, the only public architectural monument of that event in the three kingdoms. The parish-church is built of stone, in a highly enriched modification of the pointed stvle ; and sends aloft a tower to the height of 100 feet. The Roman Catholic chapel, founded by Lord Oxroantown, built in 1817, and liberally aided in its erection by Protestants as well as Roman Catholics, is a large and imposing edifice of hewn limestone, in similar style to the parish-church, and ornamented with a spire 124 feet high. The dissenting or semi- Protestant Roman Catholic chapel strongly fixes attention as, in a moral or religious respect, an unique Irish novelty ; and originated in the simple change introduced by the Roman Catholic clergymen, the Messrs. Crotty, of conducting public service in English instead of Latin. Had these gentlemen adopted, farther west or south-west, in Mayo, Clare, or Kerry, the expedient of substituting Erse for Latin, they could scarcely have been supported with more enthusiasm than what hailed their innovation at Birr. Several bridges, within the town or adjacent to it, span the Birr and the Little Brosna streams. A suite of barracks, about three-fourths of a mile distant, has accommodation for three regiments of infantry; and attached to it is an esplanade of 60 acres, for drilling and reviews. A bridewell, the only prison in the county except the county-gaol at Tullamore, was originally proposed to be used as a place for short confinements, but is scarcely fit for the reception of even the most temporary prisoners. It has only 2 day-rooms, 6 cells, 3 solitary cells, and 2 yards ; and is very far from being well maintained or in good order. A sessions-house is the seat both, of the general court of quarter-sessions, and of a monthly court-baron of the manor, — the latter held on the first Monday of every month. A public

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

14. Birr Castle, ancient O'Carrol residence modernized

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    The Castle of Birr was a very old residence and fortalice of the O'Carrol sept. The modernized structure incorporates part of the original building and features embattled walls, towers, and an achromatic telescope built by Lord Oxmantown.

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    Cas//e.]— The Castle of Birr was a very old residence and fortalice of the chiefs of the sept of O'Carrol. The present pile, while incorporating part of the original structure, is greatly larger, much improved, and quite modernized, chiefly after designs by the late Mr. John Johnston. The former rear of the house was converted into the principal front, and ornamented in imitation of castellated architecture. The high embattled walls, which surround the offices and grounds, the gateways which perforate them, and the towers which shoot up from various parts of the buildings, are all in keeping with the character of the main structure, and serve both to maintain the noble and castellated character of the mansion, and to give great effect to the general appearance of the town. The principal apartments in the interior are pervaded by an air of distinguished elegance; and the drawing-room has been much admired for excellence of proportions and beauty of disposal. The beautiful and highly embellished grounds which surround the castle are liberally open to the view of all respectable strangers; and a remarkably large achromatic telescope, constructed by Lord Oxmantown, and placed in tlie lawn, is an ohject of no common attraction. The Earl of Rosse is proprietor of the castle and the circumjacent estate ; he succeeded his father, the second Earl, in February, 1841 ; and, as Lord Oxmantown, be is favourably known among the scientific and the literary, for his enthusiastic study of astronomy, bis ardent and judicious investigations of Irish antiquitiet, and some tracts, written many years ago, respecting Ireland.

    Ihstory.^ — Though not greatly distinguished in history. Birr has more claims to antiquarian and military notice than many provincial towns of its size. Its site was known under the name of Biorra, in the middle of the 6th century; and, like many

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

15. Birr Parish Church and its tower

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    The parish church of Birr is built of stone in an enriched pointed style and sends aloft a tower to the height of 100 feet. It is one of several notable public buildings that mark Birr as a prosperous and well-built town under the care of the Parsons, Earls of Rosse.

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    General Description.'] — Birr is both ihe ancient and the popular name of the town ; and Parsonstown is its name of etiquette, imposed in honour of its proprietors, the Parsons, Earls of Rosse. Till it became the Parsons' property, it was a small, mean village; but, under their fostering care, it has become a well-built, populous, commercial, prosperous town, the residence of many respectable families, the seat of a considerable inland trade, and the site of several interesting public buildings. The modern parts are regularly disposed in good, urban-looking streets and squares. In the central and chief open area, called Duke-square, is a Doric pillar, 50 teet high, surmounted by a full-length pedestrian statue, cast in lead, stone-coloured, and invested with Roman costume, of William, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II. This monument is rather curious than ornamental; it was erected in 1747 to commemorate the suppression of the Scottish rebellion, by the vie tory of Culloden, and is, we believe, the only public architectural monument of that event in the three kingdoms. The parish-church is built of stone, in a highly enriched modification of the pointed stvle ; and sends aloft a tower to the height of 100 feet. The Roman Catholic chapel, founded by Lord Oxroantown, built in 1817, and liberally aided in its erection by Protestants as well as Roman Catholics, is a large and imposing edifice of hewn limestone, in similar style to the parish-church, and ornamented with a spire 124 feet high. The dissenting or semi- Protestant Roman Catholic chapel strongly fixes attention as, in a moral or religious respect, an unique Irish novelty ; and originated in the simple change introduced by the Roman Catholic clergymen, the Messrs. Crotty, of conducting public service in English instead of Latin. Had these gentlemen adopted, farther west or south-west, in Mayo, Clare, or Kerry, the expedient of substituting Erse for Latin, they could scarcely have been supported with more enthusiasm than what hailed their innovation at Birr. Several bridges, within the town or adjacent to it, span the Birr and the Little Brosna streams. A suite of barracks, about three-fourths of a mile distant, has accommodation for three regiments of infantry; and attached to it is an esplanade of 60 acres, for drilling and reviews. A bridewell, the only prison in the county except the county-gaol at Tullamore, was originally proposed to be used as a place for short confinements, but is scarcely fit for the reception of even the most temporary prisoners. It has only 2 day-rooms, 6 cells, 3 solitary cells, and 2 yards ; and is very far from being well maintained or in good order. A sessions-house is the seat both, of the general court of quarter-sessions, and of a monthly court-baron of the manor, — the latter held on the first Monday of every month. A public

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

16. Birr parish church built 1815

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1815

    The parish church of Birr was built in 1815 at a cost of £7,384 12s. 3½d., more than one-third raised by parochial assessment and the rest borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits. It seated 800 with an attendance of 550.

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    BIRR, a parish on the western border of the barony of Ballybrit, and of King's co., Leinster. It contains the town of Bibr, and the village of Crjnkxb : see these articles. Length, southward, 4 miles; breadth, 3; area, 7,217 acres, 2 roods, 11 perches. Pop., in 1831, 9,617: in 1841, 9,567. Houses 1,591. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,492 ; in 1841, 2,677. Houses 463. The western boundary is traced by the Little Brosna river. The surface, though nowhere hi|^h, is considerably varied ; and it consists of a fertile hght soil, well-cultivated, and aggregately much embellished. The chief mansion, and the other principal objects of interest, will be noticed in connection with the town. The noticeable mansions and vilUs, not strictly contiguous wiUi the town, are Fortel-castle, Ringsborough, Forteloottage, Castletown, DerrinduflT, Viewmount, Birrriew. Crinkle .cottage, Williambrook, Ross-villa, Prospect, and Syngefield — This parish is a rec tory, and a separate benefice, in the dia of RiU laloe. Tithe composition, £276 188. 5^d. ; glebe, £100. Gross income, £400 188. 5^d, ; nett, £326 138. 3id. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £50 ; and also receives £60 as chaplain to the military stationed in the town. The churdi was buUt in 1815, at the cost of £7,384 128. 3Jd., a little more than one-third of which wms raised by parochial assessment, and the rest borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 800; attendance 550. Three Independent chapels at Dukesquare, Crinkle, and Castletown, are attended by respectively 50, io, and 20 ; two Wesleyan chapels in Cumberland-street and Whitford, by respectively 120 and 35; and a Quaker meeting-house by 90. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 2,600; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Loughkeen. A Roman Catholic chapel, not in connection with the general Roman Catholic body in Ireland, and understood to be semi-Protestant in character, has two oflfidatet, and an attendance of 900. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,783 Churchmen, 6 Presbyterians, 85 other Protestant dissenters, and 8,061 Roman Ou tholics ; a Protestant Sunday sdiool was attended, on the average, by 200 children ; and 20 daily schools j had on their books 532 boys and 438 girb. One ol l^the daily schoob was aided vrith £5 and a houte , from the rector, and £8 from the Sodetv for Dia- , countenancing Vice ; one, with £20 and a house I from E. Synge, Etq., and £12 from the Londeo Hi-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

17. Birr parish mansions and village of Crinkle

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    Birr parish on the western border of the barony of Ballybrit in King's County contains the town of Birr and the village of Crinkle. Numerous mansions and villas grace the parish, including Fortel-castle, Ringsborough, Castletown, Derrinduff, Viewmount, Birr-view, and Syngefield.

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    BIRR, a parish on the western border of the barony of Ballybrit, and of King's co., Leinster. It contains the town of Bibr, and the village of Crjnkxb : see these articles. Length, southward, 4 miles; breadth, 3; area, 7,217 acres, 2 roods, 11 perches. Pop., in 1831, 9,617: in 1841, 9,567. Houses 1,591. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,492 ; in 1841, 2,677. Houses 463. The western boundary is traced by the Little Brosna river. The surface, though nowhere hi|^h, is considerably varied ; and it consists of a fertile hght soil, well-cultivated, and aggregately much embellished. The chief mansion, and the other principal objects of interest, will be noticed in connection with the town. The noticeable mansions and vilUs, not strictly contiguous wiUi the town, are Fortel-castle, Ringsborough, Forteloottage, Castletown, DerrinduflT, Viewmount, Birrriew. Crinkle .cottage, Williambrook, Ross-villa, Prospect, and Syngefield — This parish is a rec tory, and a separate benefice, in the dia of RiU laloe. Tithe composition, £276 188. 5^d. ; glebe, £100. Gross income, £400 188. 5^d, ; nett, £326 138. 3id. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £50 ; and also receives £60 as chaplain to the military stationed in the town. The churdi was buUt in 1815, at the cost of £7,384 128. 3Jd., a little more than one-third of which wms raised by parochial assessment, and the rest borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 800; attendance 550. Three Independent chapels at Dukesquare, Crinkle, and Castletown, are attended by respectively 50, io, and 20 ; two Wesleyan chapels in Cumberland-street and Whitford, by respectively 120 and 35; and a Quaker meeting-house by 90. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 2,600; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Loughkeen. A Roman Catholic chapel, not in connection with the general Roman Catholic body in Ireland, and understood to be semi-Protestant in character, has two oflfidatet, and an attendance of 900. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,783 Churchmen, 6 Presbyterians, 85 other Protestant dissenters, and 8,061 Roman Ou tholics ; a Protestant Sunday sdiool was attended, on the average, by 200 children ; and 20 daily schools j had on their books 532 boys and 438 girb. One ol l^the daily schoob was aided vrith £5 and a houte , from the rector, and £8 from the Sodetv for Dia- , countenancing Vice ; one, with £20 and a house I from E. Synge, Etq., and £12 from the Londeo Hi-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

18. Bishop Berkeley's myrtle hedge at Cloyne Palace

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    The Episcopal palace and demesne at Cloyne were described by Bishop Bennett as a large irregular building with a garden of four acres. A myrtle hedge six feet high was planted by Bishop Berkeley's own hand, with tar placed at the roots of each plant.

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    Buildinys adjoining the Cathedral. "^ — The ceme* tery around the cathedral is spacious, and acquires a secluded and agreeable appearance from numerous trees planted upwards of a century ago by Bishop Maule. Within it, and at a brief distance from the north-east angle of the cathedral, are the remains of a very ancient building, measuring 30 feet by 19, and f^uppo<ed to have been the original church of Cloyne, or predeces'ior of the present cathedral. Beyond the enclosure, and separated from it by the high road, yet only about 100 feet distant from the north-west angle of the cathedral, stands a pillar-tower, 10 feet in diameter, and originally 9*2 feet in height. In 1683 it was renovated, and began to be used as a belfry ; and, in 1749, a stroke of lightning rent the vaulted top, threw down the bell, and considerably damaged the walls of the pile. After this demolition of the conical roof, an embattlement was placed round the top, so that the tower slightly differs in appearance from the other interesting Irish antiquities of its class. — The palace and Episcopal (lemesne, connected with the cathedral, were the residence of a long line of bishops up to the recent annexation of the see to Cork and Ross : and are ¥0 interestingly described in the Letter to which allusion has been made from Bishop Bennett to Dr. Parr, that we are induced to quote the passage : *' The Episcopal house is at the east end of the village; a large irregular building, having been altered and improved by different bishops, but altogether a comfortable and handsome residence. The side next to the village has a very close screen of trees and shrubs ; and three other ^ides look to a large garden, and a farm of 400 acres. T\\\< farm constitutes what is called the mensal lands, is generally close to the palace, and was intended for the corn and cattle consumed at the bishop's table. The garden is large — four acres — consi«*ti ng of four quarters full of truit, particularly strawberries and raspberries, which Bishop Berkeley had a predilection for; and separated as well as surrounded by shrubberies, which contain some pretty winding walks, and one large one, of nearly a quarter of a mile long, adorned for great part of its leiik'th by a hedge of myrtles, six feet high, planted by Berkeley's uwn hand, and which hi^ each of them a lar^e ball of tar put to their roots. At the end of the garden in what we call the rock shrubbery, a walk leading under young trees among sequestered rrag«4 of limestone which hang many feet above our heads, and ending at the mouth of a cave ut utiknowM lenu:th and depth, branching to a great (ii-tance under the earth, and sanctified by a thousand wild triwiition*:."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 223

19. Bishop Cornelius MacGelan Buried at Cloncurry Church

    Cloncurry · townland · Kildare · 1223

    Cornelius MacGelan, bishop of Kildare, who had a great reputation for learning and died in 1223, was for some time rector of Cloncurry. He was buried in its church and was probably a native of the parish.

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    CLONCURRY, a parish in the barony of Ikeatby and Oughterany, 4j miles west by north of KiU cock, and on the north border of co. Kildare, LeiiK ster. Length, westward, 4 miles ; breadth, from 3 furlongs to 4 miles ; area, 8,390 acres, 9^ perches. Pop., in ia31, 1,G01; in 1841, 1,666. Houses 297. Though some good land exists. Hie general surface is freely interspersed with bog, bas a cold and tame appearance, and prevailingly consists of poor or at least inferior soil. The ditch y, stagnant Biackwater traces the boundary with cck Meath; and the Grand Canal, and great Connaught road from Dublin, traverse the north border. The highest ground is in the centre, and has an altitude aboM sea-level of 481 feet. The seats are Ballinakill, Newtown, and C«ppagh. The principal hamlet is Newtown. The small hamlet of Cloncurry consists of only a few thatched cabins; yet, in former times, was a place of comparative importance. In its vicinity is a moat-, or aboriginal earthwork, now mantled with verdure. Near this moat fonnerlj stood a castle which Col. Monk defended in 1643 Ibr the Parliament, but which he was compelled to abandon by the scarcity of provisions. In lS47t * Carmelite friary was founded at Cloncurry by Jdm Roche ; and, in 1405, both it and the village were burned by the Irish septs. Tbe monastic building was re-ediiied, and was used till the general suppression ; and some low ruins of its church still exists and, jointly with the old moat, draw the attention of a curious traveller along the Dublin and Galwsy high road. Cornelius MacGelan^ bishop of Kildare, who had a great reputation for learning, and died ia 1223, was for some time rector of Cloncurry, was buried in its church, and was probably a native of the parish. The manor of Cloncurry was an ancient demesne of the Earls of Ormonde ; it came to be held in fee under them by the Aylmer fiunily of Lyons and Viscount Gormanstown ; and it was fold by Michael Aylmer of Lyons to Sir Nicholw LftiriM*

    CLO

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

20. Bishopric of Clonmacnoise united to Meath in 1568

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1568

    The bishopric of Clonmacnoise was traced back to St. Kieran but cannot be clearly distinguished until a later date. The cathedral was famously rich in sepulchres of nobility and bishops. On the death of Bishop Wall in 1568, the see was united by parliament to Meath.

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    The bishopric of Clanmacnoise has, with great fondnei^s, been attempted by a peculiar clasps of writf^rs to be traced ikf> to St. Kieran, in the middle of the (Ith century ; but ninnot be seen with any ilistinctness or certiiinty till a greatly lower date. Sir J. Ware, commencing with St. Kieran, names, with few interruptions, a succession of prelates down \o the year 15()8. One of the alleged early bishops was Cohnan, who is said to have been ** the wisest doctor in all Ireland." Some of the other pretended early bi<»hops have assigned to them such sternly Milesian names as nearly threaten the infliction of locked-jaw upon any foreigner who may try to pronounce them:— for example, Moriertacb O Melider, Ailihl O'llarretaigh, Tigernach O'Moelcoin, and Murragh O'Murreghan. The cathedral was endowed with large possessions, ami is said by Ware to have been, ** above all others, famous for the sepulchres ot the nobility and bishops." The chapter consisted of (lean, chanter, chancellor, treasurer, archdeacon, and \'2 prebendaries; but the deanery is the only one of the dignities which survives, and even it is now a >inecure. In 1568, on the death of Bishop Wall, ^^ho had been originally a Dominican friar, the see was unite<l by act of parliament to Meath.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 216

21. Black Castle demesne along the Boyne at Navan

    Blackcastle · townland · Meath

    An extensive and well-wooded demesne adjoining Navan, the property of R. Buxton Fitzherbert, Esq. It extends for two miles along the River Boyne in County Meath.

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    BLACK-CASTLE, an extensive and well-wooded demesne, the property of R. Buxton Fitzherbert, Esq., adjoining Navan, and extending for two miles along the Boyne, co. Meath, Leinster.

    BLACK-CASTLE, a nearly extinct fortalice, in the eastern environs of the town of Wicklow, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It is said to have been built in the 14th century ; and some vestiges of it may still be traced on the crown of a mural cliff on the south side of Wicklow bay. A little east-southeast of it are the three lighthouses of Wicklow Head.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

22. Black Castle of Wicklow, medieval fortalice

    Black Castle · castle · Wicklow · 1300–1399

    A nearly extinct fortalice in the eastern environs of Wicklow town, said to have been built in the 14th century. Vestiges of it could still be traced on the crown of a mural cliff on the south side of Wicklow bay.

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    BLACK-CASTLE, a nearly extinct fortalice, in the eastern environs of the town of Wicklow, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It is said to have been built in the 14th century ; and some vestiges of it may still be traced on the crown of a mural cliff on the south side of Wicklow bay. A little east-southeast of it are the three lighthouses of Wicklow Head.

    BLACKCAVE HEAD, a headland in the baronv of Olenarm, north of Lame, ca Antrim, Ulster. A very curious and extensive cavern penetrates the basaltic rock of the headland; and exhibits, along its sides, a gfandly columnar formation.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

23. Blackrock chapelry of St. Michael's within St. Finbarr's

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork

    The chapelry of St. Michael's, also known as Blackrock, was erected within the parish of St. Finbarr. A chaplain for St. Michael's had a stipend of £50, and the Blackrock Roman Catholic chapel had an attendance of 720.

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    Pariah of SL Ftkbarr,'] — This is the pamit or cathedral parish of the city, yet lies partly in East Mu»kerrv,* partly in the barony of Cork, and partly within tiie city. The barony of Cork section eoatains the villages of Blackbock and Baudtemple : which see. Area of the Bf utkerry icetioii, 878 acres ; of the barony of Coric section. 8,4^ acres ; of the city section, 191 acres. Pop. of die whole, in 1831. 14,639; in 1841, 14,006. Hoiwa 2,071. Pop. of the Muskerry section, in 1831, 117; in 1841, 365. Houses 63. Pop. of the mral diitricts of the barony of Cork section, in 1841, 7.271 Houses 1,119. Pop. of the citv section, in 1841, 6,207. Houses 760.— This parish is a rectory in fhe dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, JETTI Ids. TW whole of the tithes of the Muskerry section, eosipounded for £32 10s., and two-thirds of the tithsi of the dty of Cork lection, compounded for £625^ are appropriated to the dean and chapter of the cathedral, and constitute the msin part of thdr economy fund ; and one- third of the tithes ef tke city of Cork section, compounded for jCSOC^ is is^ propriate in the vicars choral of the cathedraL Tkc rectory of Marmullane ii united to the rectory of St. Finbarr ; but the tithes are all paid to the ptf< petual curate of that parish, and only the pafrna^s of the curacy practically remains with the dean sad chapter. See Marmullane. The chapelry of St Michael's, or Blackrock, has been erected withm tke parish of St. Finbarr. See Bi^ckkock. A ewate for the cathedral has a salary of £100; and a cfep* lain for St. Michael's has a stipend «if £50. Tat cathedral has an attendance of 550 1 Bt, ]ffichad*s chapel, of 235; the Blackrock Roman Catholic c^ ptd, of 720; and the Bkckrock Convent chapel, of 100. In ]a34, the parishioners of St. Finbarr csasisted of l,8i26 Churchmen, 48 Plresbyterisas, 74 other Protestant dissenters, and 12,71S Bomu Catholics ; 3 Sunday schools were attended mm tkt average by 98 children ; and 7 daily schoob had on their books 694 boys and 299 girls. One of tht daily schools was salaried with £20 from the 4mm and chapter, and £10 Irish from a bequest bj Uiti Sharman ; one with £75 from subscnptioos, doa^ tions, and evening collection at the ci^odial; oat with £25 from subscription; one with X18 frtaa the National Board, and a fluctuating sum from i tions snd donation!; one, a Lancast with £70 from subscription, and about JUO 1

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

24. Blackrock, Cork: from fishing cabins to town of villas

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork

    Within less than half a century, Blackrock on the Lee estuary near Cork transformed from a few fishermen's cabins and revenue officers' dwellings into a fashionable retreat for annuitants and retired merchants. The peninsula was disposed in gardens, parks, and plantations, thickly scattered with handsome and picturesque houses.

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    BLACKROCK, a village in the parish of St. Finbarr, barony of Cork, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the south shore of the incipient estuary of the Lee, on the north-east extremity of the peninsula between that estuary and the Douglas nver, and about 3 miles east of the city of Cork. The village and its vicinity are one of the most beautiful sections of the gorgeous environs of the dty. Within less than half a century ago, it consisted chiefly of a few cabins of fishermen, and dwellings of revenue officera; but, during the last 30 years, it has been a fietvourite retreat of annuitants and retired merchants, and has gradually but proudly risen to the character of a town of villas. The peninsula has generally a craggy shore, and is di>posed from end to end in gardens, parks, and plantations, all thickly powdered with houses, many of which are handsome in architecture and picturesque in situation, and far the greater part neat and comfortable. Castle Mahon, the beautifully situated residence of Lady Chatterton. Lakelands, the »eat of Mr. Crawford, and Beaumont, the seat of Mr. Beamish, are encompassed with the most extensive demesnes. St. Michael's church, built in 1827* serving as a chapel-of-ease to the cathedral church of St. Finbarr, and usually attended by about 235 persons, is a handsome struc*

    BLA

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

25. Blackrock creek fishing harbour proposal, Galway

    near Blackrock · street · Galway · 1834

    A small creek on the north side of Galway bay, three miles west of Galway town. Around 1834, the Fishery Board proposed making it the site of an artificial fishing harbour, supported by a liberal private contribution, but the plan was abandoned.

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    BLACKROCK, a small creek on the north side of Gahvay bay, 3 miles west of Gal way town, co. Gahvay, Connaught. A proposal was made about 12 years ago, on the part of the Fishery Board, to make it the site of an artificial fishing harbour, and was supported by the offer of a liberal private contribution, but was abandoned.

    BLACKROCK, a village in the parish of Haggardstown, barony of Upper Dundalk, co. Louth, Leinster. It stands at the head of a small bay, about 2^ miles south-east of Dundalk, and is frequented as a watering-place. A considerable extent of salt marsh intervenes between it and the Dundalk and Dublin road ; and an expanse of beach, nearly three miles broad within high-water mark, stretches away in dismal irksomeness at low water. Some fishing-boats belong to the village, but have very little shelter. Area of the village, 7 acres. Pop., in ia31, 434; in 1841, 507. Houses 05.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

26. Blackrock, Dublin bay resort town

    Blackrock · townland · Dublin · 1806

    A town on the south shore of Dublin bay, four miles south-east of Dublin Castle, long a great resort for bathing and suburban rustication. As far back as forty years before publication it was described as a large, handsome, and pleasant town.

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    BLACKROCK, a town in the parish of Monkstown, and partly in the barony of Dublin, but chiefly in the half barony of Rathdown, co Dublin, Leinster. It stands on the south shore of Dublin bay, and on the thoroughfare, both by road and by railway, from Dublin to Kingstown, 4 miles south-east of Dublin Castle. It has long been a great resort of company, partly for bathing, and partly for suburban rustication ; and, so far back as 40 'years ago, was described as " a large, handsome, and pleasant town." But it c^annot be more accurately pictured toihe mind than as a mere expansion of the almost continuous stream of town, or of closely juxta-positioned double line of villas, which extends along the whole south margin of the bay. Mr. Brewer, though he wrote 18 Nfars ago, ko happily describes even the existing

    I.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

27. Blackrock, Dublin: suburban village and bathing resort

    Blackrock · townland · Dublin · 1831–1841

    Blackrock near Dublin was a bustling suburban village between Williamstown and Montpellier, lined with ordinary houses but attracting crowds for its soft, gently-sloping bathing strand. Numerous detached villas commanded fine sea views with extensive demesnes and shrubberies.

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    topography between Williamstown and Montpellier, a distance which may all be regarded as Blackrock either actual or suburban, that we cannot do better than adopt his succinct notice. " The main line of road,'* says he, on leaving Bootarstown and Williamstown, with their noble seats and elegant mansions, ** now presents, on both sides, a continuance of buildings, destructive of all pretensions to village simplicity ; and is enlivened, particularly at the time of bathing, with numberless carriages, of various descriptions, from the well-appointed equipage, at once convenient and superb, down to the jauntingcar of passage, drawn by one miserable garron, to ill .fed, ill-groomed, and lean, that it would appear to be scarcely capable of accelerating its own dissolution by an effort towards speed of foot. Yet beasts thus wretched and destitute of flesh draw with rapidity a heavy load, when urged by the stimulants of drivers, who, like themselves, feel only where the scourge falls ; and be the conveyance costly or humble, we gain the village of Blackrock with expedition, and enter it, if in the summer season, amidst dust, noise, and a tumultuous throng. When arrived, unless favoured with an introduction to certain chosen spots, we look in vain to the character of the place for the magnet which thus attracts multitudes. The street of transit, thicklv lined with houses of an ordinary description, holds forth no charms, and, independent of some agreeable and ornamental dwellings, retired from the busy thoroughfare, the sole inducement to visitants is found in the facility of bathing on the soft and gentlysloping strand. Numerous detached villas, however, command fine views of the sea and contiguous country, and have extensive demesnes, enriched with shrubberies, and otherwise disposed with great taste. Maretimo, lately a seat of Lord Cloncurry, has been long distinguished as one of the principal ornaments of this neighbourhood." The residence of the Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart., and various other mansions, strongly fix attention ; and views of the superb bay, obtained from many points in the village, and from nearly the whole environs, thrill the soul, and soothingly stimulate the imagination. See Dublin, MoNKSTowN, and Montpellier. Area, 110 acres; of which 8 acres are in the barony of Dublin section. Pop., in 1831, 2,050; in 1841, 2.372. Houses 355. Pop. of the barony of Dublin section, in 1841, 84. Houses 19.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

28. Blackrock village, Louth watering-place

    near Blackrock · population centre · Louth

    A village in the parish of Haggardstown, County Louth, standing at the head of a small bay about 2½ miles south-east of Dundalk and frequented as a watering-place. A considerable extent of salt marsh and a broad expanse of beach characterise the area.

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    BLACKROCK, a village in the parish of Haggardstown, barony of Upper Dundalk, co. Louth, Leinster. It stands at the head of a small bay, about 2^ miles south-east of Dundalk, and is frequented as a watering-place. A considerable extent of salt marsh intervenes between it and the Dundalk and Dublin road ; and an expanse of beach, nearly three miles broad within high-water mark, stretches away in dismal irksomeness at low water. Some fishing-boats belong to the village, but have very little shelter. Area of the village, 7 acres. Pop., in ia31, 434; in 1841, 507. Houses 05.

    BLACKROCK, a town in the parish of Monkstown, and partly in the barony of Dublin, but chiefly in the half barony of Rathdown, co Dublin, Leinster. It stands on the south shore of Dublin bay, and on the thoroughfare, both by road and by railway, from Dublin to Kingstown, 4 miles south-east of Dublin Castle. It has long been a great resort of company, partly for bathing, and partly for suburban rustication ; and, so far back as 40 'years ago, was described as " a large, handsome, and pleasant town." But it c^annot be more accurately pictured toihe mind than as a mere expansion of the almost continuous stream of town, or of closely juxta-positioned double line of villas, which extends along the whole south margin of the bay. Mr. Brewer, though he wrote 18 Nfars ago, ko happily describes even the existing

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

29. Blacksod Bay: capacious but hazardous anchorage

    Blacksod Bay · bay · Mayo

    A spacious bay at the southern extremity of the Mullet peninsula in Mayo, wide enough to accommodate the entire British navy but lacking a safe anchorage near its entrance for vessels in northerly winds. Breakwaters and lighthouses were proposed at Claggan Point and Blackrocks to improve its utility for shipping.

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    BLACKSOD, a promontory and a spacious bay in the barony of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught. The promontory is the termination or southern extremity of the peninsula designated 'Within-the- Mullet;' and is situated 4^ miles east-south-east of South Inniskea, and 9) north-east by north of Achill Head« The bay enters between this headland and the extremity of the peninsula of Geesala, is 4} miles wide at the entrance, penetrates the land northward to the extent of 10 miles, varies in interior breadth between 5 miles and a few hundred feet, and forms, on both sides, but particularly on the east, a series of well-defined creeks or subordinate bays. In a larger sense, the bay may be regarded as prolonged south-south-eastward into identity with Achill Sound, and as having for a ramification, the long narrow bay of Tulloghaan, which washes the east side of the peninsula of Geesala. The bay, even in the restricted sense, is abundantly capacious to accommodate the whole British navy ; but, in order to its being a good place for shipping, breakwaters would need to be constructed oft either Ely Point or Claggan Point, and lighthouses erected on Claggan Point and Blackrocks. Its worst feature is its having no safe place near its entrance for vesseb entering during northerly or north-westerly winds, and unable to sail up to the anchorage. Its best subordinate harbours are those of Claooan, Tab- MON, and Ely : see these articles. Its extremity approaches within a very brief distance of Broad Haven, and was not long ago proposed to be connected with it by a canal. See Belmullbt.

    BLACKSTAFF, co. Down. See Anadorx.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

30. Blackstairs mountain range with Mount Leinster summit

    near Blackstairs Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Carlow

    A range about 13 miles long forming the Carlow–Wexford boundary, commencing at Mount Leinster (2,610 feet) and terminating at the southern extremity of Co. Carlow. Its summits form the highest ground in the south-east of Ireland, with picturesque ravines and brilliant views of the vale of the Slaney.

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    BLACK ST AIRS, a range of mountains, whose %vatershe(l forms, over a considerable distance, the boundary-line between co. Carlow and that of Wexford, Leiiister. The range is about 13 miles long, and extends south-south-westward. It commences ill the commanding summit of Mount Leinster, about 3.^ miles south-west bv south of Newtownbarry, and terminates at the southern extremity of co. Carlow, 54 miles north-north-east of New Ross. The summits form the highest ground within a great extent of the south-east of Ireland; they exhibit softlyrounded outlines similar to those which are so common in the Highlands of Wicklow ; yet they have a very varied sky-line, and their green sides abound in picturesque and romantic ravines and deep dells. Scallagh puss, near the middle of the range, is the chief passiige through it, and is traversed by the road from Eniiiscorthy to Killedmon. Some of the northern summits command brilliant views of the vale of the Slaney, and the southern mountain-rampart of the uplands of Wicklow. The principal summits and their respective altitudes, named in a series from north to south, are Mount Leinster, 2,610 feet, — Knock roe, 1,746,— BlacksUirs proper, 2,406^— White Mountain, 1,679,— and Carriglead, 1,053.

    BL ACKSTONES (The), a rivulet of the barony of Dunkerrin, co. Kerry, Mimst«r. It rises on the north side of Coomenagh, one of the IHmkerrin mountains, and runs about 7 miles northwards to the upper Lough Carragh. It is navigable, over about a mile, for small boats ; and conducts to the centre of the most interesting alpine scenery in the county.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

31. Blanchvilleskill parish: detached benefice with no church

    Blanchvilleskill · townland · Kilkenny · 1834–1846

    Blanchvilleskill, near Gowran in Kilkenny, was a vicarage forming part of the benefice of Kilfane but lying detached from the other members. In 1834, it had 12 Protestants and 212 Roman Catholics, with neither church, chapel, nor school. Its rectorial tithes were impropriate in the vicars choral of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

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    BLANCHVILLESKILL. or Blanchvilles- Towx, a parish in the barony of Gowran, and in the vicinity of the town of Gowran, co, Kilkenny, Leinster. Area, 854 acres. Pop., in 1831, 224; in 1 841 , 1 52. Houses 22. The land is of good quality. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Kilfane, in the dio. of Ossory. See Kilfane. It lies detached from the other members of the benefice, and is sometimes regarded as only a denomination or section of Gowran parish. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £23 3s. 4d., and the rectorial for £46 6s. 8d. ; and the latter are impropriate in the vicars choral of St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 12, and the Roman Catholics to 212; and there was neither church, chapel, nor school.

    BLANEY, a bay on the south side of the Lower Lough Erne, opposite the island called Innismacsaint, barony of Magheraboy, co. Fermanagh, Ulster. It is about 8 miles cast by south of Belleek.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

32. Blarney Castle and the origin of 'blarney'

    Blarney · town · Cork

    Blarney Castle was the stronghold of Lord Clancarty, who, when prisoner of Sir George Carew, repeatedly made smooth excuses for not surrendering the castle to the Queen's soldiers. This behaviour is said to have originated the slang term 'blarney'.

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    Blarney is celebrated for its absurdly wondrous *' stone," its prominent figure in light literature, its ancient castle, and the great beauty of its environs. The stone has long been famed for imparting, by a kiss, the faculty of talking '* blarney;" or, to adopt the words of Mr. Windele, " The touch of the Blarney stone makes a liar of the first magnitude, but a smooth and graceful liar. Its eminent perfection is a sweet and persuasive tongue, in whispering the softest words into the ears of women ; full of guile and blandishment and potential flattery, and uncontrollable in its sway over the credulity. Miss Plumtre translates * blarney * into the word * rhodoroontade,' a faculty of speech marvellously perceptible in the vicinage around, whose inhabitants, it is said, have been mistaken for a colony from Gascony. They are of a truth a swaggering, vain-glorious, wheedling population." When or how the stone acquired its singular reputation is not correctly ascertained ; yet the adoption of the word ** blarney," as a slang term, is supposed to have originated in Lord Clancarty's often promising, when the prisoner of Sir George Carew, to surrender his strong castle of Blarney to the soldiers of the Queen, and as often inventing some smooth and palatable excuse for exonerating himself from his promise. Even the position and the identity of the stone are matter of doubt : all parties agreeing that it is somewhere in the castle, but even the local guides or ciceroni disagreeing among themselves, or humouring the prosaic or poetic character of visitors, as to its being at the summit, at a considerable elevation, at the ba.se, or detachedly on the ground. A stone, a few feet below the battlements, so placed that only the most daring could venture to approach it, was long pointed out as the true stone ; and this was, several years ago, placed by Mr. Jeffereys on the highest point of the building, where it could be seen and touched with little risk, but was eventuallv flung to the ground by a lunatic, and broken, as the guide is reported to state, into ** three halves." Mr. and Mrs. Hall, from whom we gather these particulars, say, in a note, *' The Rev. Matthew Morgan, the parish priest of Blarney, informs us that * the curious traveller will seek ni vain for the real stone, unless he allows himself to be lowered from the northern angle of the lofty castle, when he will discover it about 20 feet from the top, with this inscription : Cormac McCarthy FoRTis Me Fieri Fecit, a.d., 1446.'" We hope our readers will now join us in the inference, that the current stories which abound respecting the Blarney stone, are themselves no bad examples of ** blarney."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

33. Blarney Castle built by Cormac MacCarthy the Strong

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1450–1460

    The ancient castellated pile at Blarney was built about the middle of the 15th century by Cormac MacCarthy, surnamed 'Laider' or the strong. The MacCarthys were chiefs of the clan and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry.

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    The castie of Hlarnev consists of a mansion of modern construction, and of part of an ancient castellated pile. The modern building was constructed at a time when beauty of domestic architecture and justness of artistic keeping were little studied ; and, m consequence, it is destitute of all appropriate allu- •ions to the castellated style of the massive structure to which it is attached. The ancient pile was built, about the middle of the 15th century, by Cormae MacCarthy, aurnamed " Laider,** or the strong ; and was, in the reign of Elicabeth, described by the author of Pacata Hibernia, as a fabnc 18 feet thick ifi the walls, and composed of four conjoined piles. It was strongly flanked at each angle, and rose from the edge of a precipitous limestone rock, which overhangs the deep vale of the Awmartin rivulet. Its remains consist of one square massive tower, of large dimensions, perforated with few regular windows, but with many apertures for the discharge of missiles. The proprietors of the castle were chiefs of the sept or clan of Carty, — or MacCarthy, " sons of the rock ;" and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry, as owners or toparchs of tte territory. In the reign of Elizabeth they were summoned to parliament as Barons of Blarney ; and, in 1658, they were created Viscounts Muskerry and Earls of Clancarty, — qua»i^ Earls of " the clan of Carthy." In 1602, the castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and, in 1646, was captured by them, in consequence of tbe temporary disaffection of its owners ; but on each occasion it was speedily restored to them, and at other times it was generally the peaceful abode of their state and lovalty. In the wars of the Revolution, it was stoutly employed in the service of James II. ; was for a time used as a prison for those Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement; and was not, without an obstinate struggle, surrendered to the forces of William. On the surrender of Cork, in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort ; and notwithstanding the exertions on his behalf of his father-inlaw, the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to oonii;:cation and exile ; and, being allowed a pension of £900 a-year, he retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe, and there spent his life in seclusion.* In 1702, the castle, mills, fairs, and customs

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

34. Blarney Castle described in Pacata Hibernia

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1558–1603

    During the reign of Elizabeth, the author of Pacata Hibernia described Blarney Castle as a fabric 18 feet thick in the walls, composed of four conjoined piles, strongly flanked at each angle, rising from a precipitous limestone rock overlooking the vale of the Awmartin rivulet.

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    The castie of Hlarnev consists of a mansion of modern construction, and of part of an ancient castellated pile. The modern building was constructed at a time when beauty of domestic architecture and justness of artistic keeping were little studied ; and, m consequence, it is destitute of all appropriate allu- •ions to the castellated style of the massive structure to which it is attached. The ancient pile was built, about the middle of the 15th century, by Cormae MacCarthy, aurnamed " Laider,** or the strong ; and was, in the reign of Elicabeth, described by the author of Pacata Hibernia, as a fabnc 18 feet thick ifi the walls, and composed of four conjoined piles. It was strongly flanked at each angle, and rose from the edge of a precipitous limestone rock, which overhangs the deep vale of the Awmartin rivulet. Its remains consist of one square massive tower, of large dimensions, perforated with few regular windows, but with many apertures for the discharge of missiles. The proprietors of the castle were chiefs of the sept or clan of Carty, — or MacCarthy, " sons of the rock ;" and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry, as owners or toparchs of tte territory. In the reign of Elizabeth they were summoned to parliament as Barons of Blarney ; and, in 1658, they were created Viscounts Muskerry and Earls of Clancarty, — qua»i^ Earls of " the clan of Carthy." In 1602, the castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and, in 1646, was captured by them, in consequence of tbe temporary disaffection of its owners ; but on each occasion it was speedily restored to them, and at other times it was generally the peaceful abode of their state and lovalty. In the wars of the Revolution, it was stoutly employed in the service of James II. ; was for a time used as a prison for those Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement; and was not, without an obstinate struggle, surrendered to the forces of William. On the surrender of Cork, in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort ; and notwithstanding the exertions on his behalf of his father-inlaw, the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to oonii;:cation and exile ; and, being allowed a pension of £900 a-year, he retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe, and there spent his life in seclusion.* In 1702, the castle, mills, fairs, and customs

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

35. Blarney Castle surrenders and is captured in 1602 and 1646

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1602–1646

    In 1602 Blarney Castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and in 1646 it was captured by them due to the temporary disaffection of its owners. On each occasion the castle was speedily restored to the MacCarthys.

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    The castie of Hlarnev consists of a mansion of modern construction, and of part of an ancient castellated pile. The modern building was constructed at a time when beauty of domestic architecture and justness of artistic keeping were little studied ; and, m consequence, it is destitute of all appropriate allu- •ions to the castellated style of the massive structure to which it is attached. The ancient pile was built, about the middle of the 15th century, by Cormae MacCarthy, aurnamed " Laider,** or the strong ; and was, in the reign of Elicabeth, described by the author of Pacata Hibernia, as a fabnc 18 feet thick ifi the walls, and composed of four conjoined piles. It was strongly flanked at each angle, and rose from the edge of a precipitous limestone rock, which overhangs the deep vale of the Awmartin rivulet. Its remains consist of one square massive tower, of large dimensions, perforated with few regular windows, but with many apertures for the discharge of missiles. The proprietors of the castle were chiefs of the sept or clan of Carty, — or MacCarthy, " sons of the rock ;" and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry, as owners or toparchs of tte territory. In the reign of Elizabeth they were summoned to parliament as Barons of Blarney ; and, in 1658, they were created Viscounts Muskerry and Earls of Clancarty, — qua»i^ Earls of " the clan of Carthy." In 1602, the castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and, in 1646, was captured by them, in consequence of tbe temporary disaffection of its owners ; but on each occasion it was speedily restored to them, and at other times it was generally the peaceful abode of their state and lovalty. In the wars of the Revolution, it was stoutly employed in the service of James II. ; was for a time used as a prison for those Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement; and was not, without an obstinate struggle, surrendered to the forces of William. On the surrender of Cork, in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort ; and notwithstanding the exertions on his behalf of his father-inlaw, the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to oonii;:cation and exile ; and, being allowed a pension of £900 a-year, he retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe, and there spent his life in seclusion.* In 1702, the castle, mills, fairs, and customs

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

36. Blarney Castle used as prison in the Revolution wars

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1689–1691

    During the wars of the Revolution, Blarney Castle was employed in the service of James II and used as a prison for Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement. It was not surrendered to William's forces without an obstinate struggle.

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    The castie of Hlarnev consists of a mansion of modern construction, and of part of an ancient castellated pile. The modern building was constructed at a time when beauty of domestic architecture and justness of artistic keeping were little studied ; and, m consequence, it is destitute of all appropriate allu- •ions to the castellated style of the massive structure to which it is attached. The ancient pile was built, about the middle of the 15th century, by Cormae MacCarthy, aurnamed " Laider,** or the strong ; and was, in the reign of Elicabeth, described by the author of Pacata Hibernia, as a fabnc 18 feet thick ifi the walls, and composed of four conjoined piles. It was strongly flanked at each angle, and rose from the edge of a precipitous limestone rock, which overhangs the deep vale of the Awmartin rivulet. Its remains consist of one square massive tower, of large dimensions, perforated with few regular windows, but with many apertures for the discharge of missiles. The proprietors of the castle were chiefs of the sept or clan of Carty, — or MacCarthy, " sons of the rock ;" and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry, as owners or toparchs of tte territory. In the reign of Elizabeth they were summoned to parliament as Barons of Blarney ; and, in 1658, they were created Viscounts Muskerry and Earls of Clancarty, — qua»i^ Earls of " the clan of Carthy." In 1602, the castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and, in 1646, was captured by them, in consequence of tbe temporary disaffection of its owners ; but on each occasion it was speedily restored to them, and at other times it was generally the peaceful abode of their state and lovalty. In the wars of the Revolution, it was stoutly employed in the service of James II. ; was for a time used as a prison for those Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement; and was not, without an obstinate struggle, surrendered to the forces of William. On the surrender of Cork, in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort ; and notwithstanding the exertions on his behalf of his father-inlaw, the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to oonii;:cation and exile ; and, being allowed a pension of £900 a-year, he retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe, and there spent his life in seclusion.* In 1702, the castle, mills, fairs, and customs

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

37. Blarney estate sold by cant in 1702

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1702–1703

    In 1702 the castle, mills, fairs, and customs of Blarney with 1,400 acres were set up by cant and purchased by Sir Richard Pyne, Lord Chief Justice, for £3,000. The next year they were sold to General Sir James Jeffereys, ancestor of the present proprietor.

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    of Blarney, with the land and park of 1,400 acres were " set up by cant,** and were purchased by Sir Richard Pvne, Lord-chief-justice. for £3,000; and next year they were sold by him to General Sir James Jeffereys, the ancestor of the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

38. Blarney's decline: roofless houses and tilled square

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1826–1846

    By around 1826 or earlier, most of Blarney's trim and gaudy houses were roofless, the trees of the square were cut down, and the square itself was subjected to tillage and bore yellow corn. A woollen manufactory and paper-mill nearby still operated, and fairs continued to be held on several dates through the year.

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    hiA town too fine for the taste of operatives, and too grotesque for the fancy of the higher classes ; in short, he made the place a practical specimen of sheer " blarney," — a ludicrous embodiment of frontless and unmeaning gasconade. Twenty years ago, or up>«'ards, most of the trim and gaudy houses were roofless, the trees of the square were cut down, and the square itself was subjected to tillage, and yellow in com. Yet a woollen manufactory and a papermill in the vicinity are still at full work ; and fairs are held on Easter Monday and Tuesday, June 3 and 9, Sept. 18, and Nov. 11. The Dublin and Cork railway, as projected by the Commissioners, passes close to the village ; and the Berebaven line branches off a brief distance above. A dispensary here is within the Cork Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, it received £82 3s. 6d., expended £78 10s , and administered to 785 patients.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

39. Blarney village: Jeffereys' grandiose planned settlement

    Blarney · town · Cork · 1765

    Before 1765, Blarney consisted of a few mud cabins. Its proprietor Mr. Jeffereys then built it on a novel quadrangular plan with a central statue, lawn, and embellished houses, established linen and cotton factories, and erected an elegant church and a handsome stone-bridge. The venture failed: the town was too fine for operatives and too grotesque for the gentry, leaving it a ruinous emblem of 'blarney.'

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    BLARNEY, a village in the parish of Garrycloyne, barony of East Muskerry, co. Cork, Munster. It is situated on a rivulet of its own name, 3k miles north-west of Cork. Previous to 1765, it con.sisted merely of a few mud cabins ; but immediately afterwards, it began to assume a town character of extra* ordinary pretension; and now it is little better than a mass of ruin, wearing rags of finery and weeds of woe. Mr. Jeffereys, its proprietor, designed it as both a seat of manufacture, and a regular collection of neat and ornate houses ; he built it upon a thoroughly-considered but novel and preposterous plan ; he fashioned its central section into a large quadrangle, with a statue in the centre, a lawn and tree-linos in the area, and rows of embellished dwelling-houses along the sides ; he established in it, partly with aid from the public purse, several linen and cotton factories; be erected an elegant church of comparatively frangible materials ; be constructed a handsome stone-bridge in the midst of an adjoining plain, with the design of drawing the river beneath it along a new cut, but left the bridge without a river, and the river without a bridge ; be made

    hiA town too fine for the taste of operatives, and too grotesque for the fancy of the higher classes ; in short, he made the place a practical specimen of sheer " blarney," — a ludicrous embodiment of frontless and unmeaning gasconade. Twenty years ago, or up>«'ards, most of the trim and gaudy houses were roofless, the trees of the square were cut down, and the square itself was subjected to tillage, and yellow in com. Yet a woollen manufactory and a papermill in the vicinity are still at full work ; and fairs are held on Easter Monday and Tuesday, June 3 and 9, Sept. 18, and Nov. 11. The Dublin and Cork railway, as projected by the Commissioners, passes close to the village ; and the Berebaven line branches off a brief distance above. A dispensary here is within the Cork Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, it received £82 3s. 6d., expended £78 10s , and administered to 785 patients.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

40. Blasket Islands: stupendous cliffs and peculiar sea-fowl

    Great Blasket Island · townland · Kerry

    The Blasket or Ferriter Islands lie off the Corkaguiney peninsula in Kerry, with the Great Blasket being the largest at about 2½ miles long. The group features stupendous frowning cliffs and scenery of savageness and sublime desolation, frequented by innumerable sea-fowl including a bird called the Gourdet, said to be peculiar to the islands.

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    BLASKET, or Ferriter Islands, a duster of islands in the parish of Donquin, barony of Corkaguiney, co. Kerry, Munster. They lie off the extremity of the Corkugruiney peninsula, between Dingle bay and Smerwick Harbour. The Great Blasket, the largest of the group, is about 2 J miles long, and lies about } of a mile west of Dunmore Head, or the seaward spur of Eagle Mountain. Inishiiubro lies | of a mile south-west, Inishmacilaan 1} mile south-south- west, tbe Foze Rock S^ miles south-west, Tiraght 2j miles west by north, Inishtuiskan 2^ miles north-north-west, and Beginish half-a-mile north-north-east of the Great Blasket ; but some of these, as well as most of others which we have not named, are mere rocks, while none measure more than about 2 miles in circumference. The group, as to general character, present stupendous and frowning cliffs, and combine with the scenery of the coast on the mainland to form views of savageness, desolation, and impressive sublimity, unsurpassed on the Hibernian shores. The scenery of the isles, during a storm from the west, borders on the terrific Innumerable flocks of sea. fowl frequent them ; and among these is a delicious bird, called in Irish Gourdet, resembling the Ortolan, and said to be peculiar to the Blasket Islands.

    BLENNERVILLE, a village and sea-port in the parish of Annagh, barony of Trughenackmy, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands at the heail of Tralee bay, about a mile west- south-west of Tralee, on the road thence to Dingle. It may be regarded as tbe port of Tralee. See Traleb and Annaoh. A considerable trade is conducted in the export of corn to Liverpool. Area, 14 acres. Pop., in 1831, 532; in 1841,2-25. Houses 37.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

41. Blennerville: port of Tralee with corn export trade

    Blennerville · electoral division · Kerry · 1831–1841

    Blennerville is a village and sea-port at the head of Tralee bay, about a mile west-south-west of Tralee, regarded as the port of Tralee. A considerable trade was conducted in the export of corn to Liverpool, with a population of 532 in 1831 declining to 225 by 1841.

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    BLENNERVILLE, a village and sea-port in the parish of Annagh, barony of Trughenackmy, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands at the heail of Tralee bay, about a mile west- south-west of Tralee, on the road thence to Dingle. It may be regarded as tbe port of Tralee. See Traleb and Annaoh. A considerable trade is conducted in the export of corn to Liverpool. Area, 14 acres. Pop., in 1831, 532; in 1841,2-25. Houses 37.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

42. Blessington church built 1763 by the late primate

    Blessington · town · Wicklow · 1763

    The church of Blessington, situated in the town, was built in 1763 at the expense of the late primate. It had sittings for 200 and an attendance of 160.

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    one of tbe hesd-streams of the Liffev, descends from an elevation in the west of upwards of 1,460 feet. The hamlets are Ballinabracky, Ballyloe, Ballinatona, Ballysmuttan, and Oldcourt. Granite is tbe prevailing rock of tbe parish, and is quarried — Tbe ecclesiastical parish of Blessington includes also the parish of Bitrgage [which see], and contained, in 1831, a pop. of 2,677. This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Dublin. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £98 10s , and the rectorial for j£120; and tbe latter are appropriated to the precentorship of St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin. The vicarages of Burgage, Boystown, and Kilbride* and the denominations of Granabeg and Kyld, con. stitute the benefice of Blessington. See Botstown and Kilbride. Length, 13 miles; breadth, 6. Pop., in ia31, 7.119. Gross income, £298 4s. lid.; nett, £265 6s. 9d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church of Bless. ington, situated in the town, was built, in 1763, at the expense of the late primate, but at what cost is not known. Sittings 200; attendance 160. There is a church also in Kilbride. There are 2 Roman Catholic chapels in Boystown, and one in Kilbride. In 1834, the Protestants of Blessington amounted to 424, and the Roman Catholics to 2,271 ; the Protestants of the benefice to 563, and the Roman Catholics to 6,728. In the same year, 6 daily scboob in the parish — ^two of which were partly supported by Lord Downshire, and one of these two annually aided with £5 Irish from an endowment —had on their books 95 boys and 82 girls; and 18 daily schools in the benefice bad 300 boys and 252 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

43. Blessington: mansion ruins destroyed in 1798 rebellion

    Blessington · town · Wicklow · 1798

    Adjacent to the town of Blessington, in the demesne of the Marquis of Downshire, stand the ruins of a mansion occasionally inhabited by the Marquis's ancestors. The mansion was destroyed by fire during the rebellion of 1798.

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    BLESSINGTON, a parish, containing a town of the same name, on the north-west border of the barony of Lower Talbotstown and of co. Wicklow, Leinster. Length, west^nortb- westward, 7i miles ; breadth, 3; area, 15,780 acres, 3 roods, 7 perches. Pop., in 1831, 2.182; in 1841, 2,168. Houses 305. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 1,756; in 1841, 1.702. Houses 239. The surface consists of part of the vale of the Liffey, and a district of uplands, partly rocky, boggy, or otherwise waste. Its chief artiticial ornaments, apart from those of the town and its immediate vicinity, are the mansions and villas of .Miley-hall, Liffey cottage, Knockieran-cottage, and Bally ward-house. Adjacent to the town, and in the demesne of its proprietor, the Marquis of Downshire, are the ruins ot a mansion which the Marquis's ancestors occasionally inhabited, and which was destroyeii by fire during the rebellion of 1798. The river Liffey, issuing from its source at an altitude of about 1,600 feet, runs westward along the nortliern boundary, deflects into the adjoining parish of Kilbride, and then careers in a course of beauty down the west border of Blessington. The vale of thi< stream, after re-entering from Kilbride, is almost everywhere ornate; but all the central and eastern districts of the parish are loftily and wildly mountainous, and prevailingly churlish, or altogether sterile. Gravale and Duff mountains, on the eastern boundary, have altitudes of respectively 2,352 and 2,364 feet ; Sorrel-hill and Blackmoor mountain, on the southern boundary, have altitudes of respectively 1.915 and 1,464 feet; Glenflugh and Ballinatona mountains, in the interior, have altitudes of respec tively 1.327 and 1,346 feet; and the Lugduff rivulet,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

44. Blessington: parliamentary borough and extinct peerages

    Blessington · town · Wicklow · 1732–1829

    Blessington was incorporated as a parliamentary borough by charter of Charles II granted to Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Dublin. The corporation acted as the puppet of the Marquis of Downshire and became defunct at the Legislative Union, with Downshire receiving £15,000 compensation. The town gave rise to three extinct peerages: Viscount Boyle (1732), Earl Stewart (1769), and Earl Gardner (1829).

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    BLESSINGTOWN, a small market and post town, and formerly a parliamentary borough, is agreeably situated on a rismg ground, on the banks of the river Liffey, and on the road from Dublin to Wexford by way of TuUow, I5| miles north by east of Baltinglass, and 14 south-west by south of Dublin. It consists of one street ; and contains a good inn and posting establishment. Its church is an elegant edifice, surmounted by a steeple Some frieze cloth is manufactured. A weekly market is held on Friday; and fairs are held on May 12, July 5, and Nov. 12. A dispensary here is within the Naas Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 74,790 acres, with 10,914 inhabiUnts; and, in 1839-40, it received £161 2s., expended £142 4s., and made 6,025 dispensations of medicine to 1,645 patients. A Loan Fund, in 1841, had a capiUl of £'215, circulated £174 in 32 loans, and cleared £2 8s. 6d. of nett profit. The borough was incorporated by charter of 21 Charles II., granted to Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Dublin and chancellor of Ireland ; and its limits extended 200 acres or upwards in every direction from the middle of the town. The corporation existed solely for the purpose of returning members of parliament; acted entirely as the puppet of the Marquis of Downshire ; and became defunct at the Legislative union. Lord Downshire, of course, received the whole of the £15,000 of compensatioa money for the borough's loss of franchise. The town ffave to a family of the name of Boyle the title of Viscount, which became extinct in 1732; to a family of tbe name of Stewart the title of Earl« which became extinct in 1769; and to tbe family of Gardner the title of Earl, which became extinct in 1829. The Countess of the last Earl is wellknown as a fashionable novelist. Area of the town, 37 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4*26; in 1841, 46A. Houses 66.

    BLIND-HARBOUR, a small bay on the Carbery section of the coast of co. Cork, Munster. It opens about I of a mile east-north-cast of the mouto of Castleba?en Harbour ; and is partly covered, at the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

45. Blind coal vein at Ballyjamesduff

    Ballyjamesduff · town · Cavan

    A vein of good blind coal is believed to exist at Ballyjamesduff. Another vein of strong excellent blind coal occurs near Shircock, and coal is worked on the extreme western boundary of the county.

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    Minerals.'] — Granite occupies a space of about 6 or 6 square miles immediately north-west of Ballynenagh. Clayslate, greywacke, greywacke slate, and other modifications of hard schistose rock of the Wemerian primitive and transition classes, occupy by iu the greater part of the county,-yincluding, except a mere nodule of other formation, east of the meridian of the town of Cavan, all east of the small field of granite, all south of the latitude of Arvagh and Ballynenagh, and all northward between Arvagh and Killeshandra ; but these rocks are supposed to be very generally incumbent, at no great depth, upon granite,— or, at all events, exhibit a distorted, tilted, and broken appearance, which has been thought to indicate that the granite of the small district north-westof Ballynenagh is continued, not far from the surface, to a communication acrou Cavan, Monaghan, and Armagh, with the great granitic district around Newry. A formation of millstone grit, white sandstone, shale, and thin strata of limestone and coal, occupies the greater part of the north-western projection of the countv, from the extreme west to a line 12 miles eastward ; and it also occupies a space of 9 or 10 square miles on the northern border between Swanlinbar and BallyconneL Mountain or carboniferous limestone, with its accompanying strata, occupies about 11 square miles in the extreme north-west, or inward from the shores of the Loughs Macnean, — the greater part of the country eastward from the quartsrock district to the meridian of Cavan. or a district of about 240 statute square miles, — and a belt of about 9 statute miles in length, and probably about 1 mile in mean breadth, on the southern border around and near Lough Swillin. An isolated nodule or nest, of the coal formation, occurs on the extreme western boundary, and there constitutes the eastern edge of the Lough Allen coalfield ; and another tiny pat<:h of the coal formation, a minute wing of the small carboniferous field of the counties of Monaghan and Meath, occurs on the eastern border, in the vicinity of Kingscourt. A vein of good blind coal is believed to exist at Ballyjamesduff ; and a vein of strong excellent blind coal occurs in the neighbourhood of Shircock. Coal is worked on the extreme western boundary ; iron is mined among the uplands in the vicinity of Swanlinbar ; lead and copper occur in the neighbourhood of Cootehill ; lead and silver ores have been discovered near Bally* connel ; and ochres and coarse manganese are comparatively abundant, and somewhat extensively di& fused. The limestone of the count]r appears to be but limitedly available for economical purpoaeiL Excellent marl, potter's clay, brick clay, and fuller's earth, are plentiful. Mineral springs, particularly around Swanlinbar and Kingscourt, are numeRHM. A pool, on the eastern border, fed bv a mineral spring on the summit of an adjacent hill, and called bv the Irish Lough-an-Leighah, has a remarkable character. This pool measures about half a iqnvf rood in area, has no outlet, never freezes, prMervet an uniform level, is pure and clear through about «x feet from the surface, becomes muddy and increasingly thick as its depth increases, and teimlnBlet at

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

46. Bloomhill bog and its island in the Shannon

    Cloncraff or Bloomhill · townland · Offaly

    A bog lying chiefly in the barony of Garrycastle, King's County, along the Shannon. Its central island, called the derry or island of Bloomhill, comprises about 236 acres and rises 90 feet above the Shannon, consisting of excellent ground. The bog's depth varies between 21 and 30 feet in the interior.

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    BLOOMHILL, a bog, partly in the barony of Glonlonan, co. Westmeath, but chiefly in that of Garry castle. King's co., Leinster. It lies close along the Shannon, and extends east- south-east ward thence 3 miles, and in the opposite direction 1| mile. The derry or island of Bloomhill, in its centre, comprehends an area of about 236 acres, rises to 90 feet of altitude above the Shannon, and consists of excellent ground. The bog is similar in character to the large one of Black water, a little to the south of it See Blackwater, King's co. Its elevation varies between nearly the level of the Shannon, and 44 feet above that level ; and its depth in the interior varies between 21 and 30 feet.

    BLUEST ACK, the central and highest summit of a triple-headed range of mountain, m the barony of Bannagh, co. Donegal, Ulster. The other summits are Groghnagur on the east, and Sil verb ill on the west ; and the range extends eastward from Glenties to the gap of Barnsmore. Bluestack has an altitude of 2,213 feet above sea-level ; and is the loftiest summit in a considerable extent of the Donegal Highlands.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

47. Bluestack, highest summit in Donegal Highlands

    near Bluestack · mountain or mountain range · Donegal

    Bluestack is the central and highest summit of a triple-headed mountain range in the barony of Bannagh, County Donegal. With an altitude of 2,213 feet, it is the loftiest summit in a considerable extent of the Donegal Highlands, flanked by Groghnagur on the east and Silverbill on the west.

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    BLUEST ACK, the central and highest summit of a triple-headed range of mountain, m the barony of Bannagh, co. Donegal, Ulster. The other summits are Groghnagur on the east, and Sil verb ill on the west ; and the range extends eastward from Glenties to the gap of Barnsmore. Bluestack has an altitude of 2,213 feet above sea-level ; and is the loftiest summit in a considerable extent of the Donegal Highlands.

    BOA or Bow Island, the largest island in Lower Lough Erne, co. Fermanagh, Ulster. It extends in a belt of water-girt land eastward and westward along the foot of the lake ; lies 1^ mile south of Pettigoe ; and measures 3^ miles in length, and 1 ,400 acres in area. Though fertile, and containing all the natural facilities of easy embellishment, it is destitute of timber, greatly disfigured by bad fences, and abused into odious ill- keeping with the magnificent lake-scenery — the Windermere of Ireland — in which it lies. Yet, from its extent, shape, and verdure, it forms, in spite of maltreatment, a fine feature in the noble lake, particularly as seen from the wooded shores of Templecarn or Waterfoot.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

48. Boa Island in Lower Lough Erne

    near Boa Island · island or archipelago · Fermanagh

    Boa or Bow Island is the largest island in Lower Lough Erne, County Fermanagh, measuring 3½ miles in length and 1,400 acres in area. Though fertile and naturally suited to embellishment, it is destitute of timber and disfigured by bad fences, yet still forms a fine feature in the lake scenery, particularly as seen from the wooded shores of Templecarn or Waterfoot.

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    BOA or Bow Island, the largest island in Lower Lough Erne, co. Fermanagh, Ulster. It extends in a belt of water-girt land eastward and westward along the foot of the lake ; lies 1^ mile south of Pettigoe ; and measures 3^ miles in length, and 1 ,400 acres in area. Though fertile, and containing all the natural facilities of easy embellishment, it is destitute of timber, greatly disfigured by bad fences, and abused into odious ill- keeping with the magnificent lake-scenery — the Windermere of Ireland — in which it lies. Yet, from its extent, shape, and verdure, it forms, in spite of maltreatment, a fine feature in the noble lake, particularly as seen from the wooded shores of Templecarn or Waterfoot.

    BOAHINSHI, a cluster of rocks between the entrance of Donegal bay, Ulster, and that of Sligo bay, Gonnaught. It lies 1^ mile north of Inismurry, 5 miles north of Gessigo Point, and 7^ miles west by south of Mullachmore Point.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

49. Bodenstown parish and ruined church

    Bodenstown · townland · Kildare · 1730–1841

    A parish in the barony of North Naas, County Kildare, containing part of the village of Sallins. Its principal mansion is Blackball, seat of P. Wolfe, Esq., and its church has been in ruins for upwards of a century. In 1834, the parish had 50 Protestants and 423 Roman Catholics.

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    BODENSTOWN, a parish in the barony of North Naas, 2} miles north by east of the town of Naas, CO. Kildare, Leinster. It contains part of the village of Saxunh : which see. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, 2,831 acres, 3 roods, 7 perches, — of which 38^ acres are in the river Liffey. Pop., in 1831. 458 ; in 1841, 459. Houses 65. The surface consists of land entirel;^ profitable, and partly very fertile, on the immediate banks of ibe Liffey; and it is touched, along the south, by the Grand Ganal. The principal mansion is Blackball, the seat of P. Wolfe, Esq. ; and the other seats are Littlerath, Prospect, Sallin's-Lodge, and Castlesize — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Kil* dare. Vicarial tithe composition, £90; glebe, £15. The rectorial tithes are compounded for jC90, and are impropriate in Charles Fitzgerald, Esq. Bodenstown vicarage, and the perpetual curacy of Sherlockstown [see that article], constitute the benefice of Bodenstown. Length, 8 miles; breadth, 2^. Pop., in 1831, 5ia Gross income, £80; nett, £74 8s. lid. Patron, the diocesan. The church has been in ruins for upwards of a century. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 50, and the Roman Catholict to 423 ; the Protestants of the benefice amounted to 64, and the Roman Catholics to 461 ; and one daily school in the parish had an average attendance of 10 children.

    BODONEY. See Badonbt.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

50. Bog of Lullymore in Clonmurchy parish

    Lullymore · parish · Kildare

    The north-western and larger district of the parish of Clonmurchy formed part of the bog of Lullymore, while the south-eastern district was comparatively ornate. The Grand Canal crossed the interior and the Feagile river traced the north-west boundary.

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    CLOMUJRUY, a parish in the barony of East Ophaly, 2;^ miles north-ca^t by etist of Rathangan, CO. Kii(larc, Leinstcr. Length, ^outh-west by southward, 5 miles ; breadth, from ^ of a mile to 2 miles; area, 0.4I9 acres, 2 roods, 31 perches. Pop., in 1S:U, 01)8; in 1841, (M4. Houses 110. All the north-western and larger district is part of the bog of Litllymore ; but the south-eastern district is comparatively ornate. The highest ground occurs near the >outh, and has an altitude above sea-level of 539 teet The (irand Canal crosses the interior, and the Feagile river traces the north-west boundary. The <eats are Cirangehill and Bushfield — This parish (iocs not seem to be ecclesiastically recognised as mure than a mere sub-denomination; and, though situated at the distance of one-third of the length of the county, it is very generally confounded with the pari<ih of (Moncurry in Ikeathy and Oughterany.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

51. Bogra mountains, a dreary highland in Cork

    Boggra · townland · Cork

    A high but tableau-like mountain range partly in the barony of Barretts and chiefly along the northern frontier of Muskerry, Cork. Described as a dreary region of black fogs, humidity, and desolation, though it gives rise to numerous pleasant rivulets.

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    grounds. While an extensive, it is 4 dreary region, the resting-place of dismal black fogs, and the abode of humidity, chilliness, and prevailing desolation. Yet it has partly redeeming properties, and gives rise to numerous pleasant rivulets. See Barretts.

    BOHALAN. See BoHTLLAWE.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

52. Bohermore, old Dublin thoroughfare in Galway

    Bohermore · street · Galway

    A single-street suburb of Galway forming the old thoroughfare to Dublin, abandoned for the more level Boherbeg road due to its rising ground. The county Infirmary stands on the north side, 120 yards from Eyre-square.

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    BOHERMORE, a suburb of the town of Galwav, CO. Galway, Connaught. It consists of a single street, j of an Eiiglish mile in length, commencing at the north-east corner of Eyre-square, extendinc 800 yards in a straight line east-north-eastward to the borough boundary, and then curving gently to a junction with the Dublin road at the east end of Boherbeg. The street is spacious, and formed the old thoroughfare to Dublin ; but, on account of its passing over the summit of a considerable rising ground, it was abandoned for the more level road throu^'h Boherbeg. Its houses are chiefly cabins; yet they aggregately possess less squalidness, and occasionally present specimens of much more decided comfort and neatness, than the bulkier and crowded habitations of the poor in the body of the town. On the north side, 120 yards from Eyre-square, stands the county Infirmary. See Galwat.

    BOH ILL AN E, or Bohalan, m parish in the cen-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

53. Bohoe parish: mountains, waterfalls, and old church

    near Boho · parish · Fermanagh

    A parish in Fermanagh with Belmore mountain (1,312 ft) and Glenkeel mountain (1,223 ft), the Sillees and Roogagh rivulets, and an interior rivulet with two waterfalls. Its church is described as a very old building with 150 sittings.

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    BOHOE, a parish parti v in the barony of Magheraboy, but chiefly in that or Glenawley, and 5^ miles west of Enniskillen, CO. Fermanagh, Ulster. Length, 7} miles; breadth, 3}. Area of the Glenawley section, 8,907 acres, 1 rood, 38 perches ; of which 61 acres, 3 roods, 27 perches, are water. Area of the Magherabo^ section, 6,151 acres, 1 rood, 18 perches ; of which 98 acres, 34 perches, are water. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,582; in 1841, 2.824. Houses 491. Pop. of the Glenawley section, in 1831, 1,651 ; in 1841, 1,675. Houses 291. About two-thirds of the surface is mountain, and the remainder is tolerably good land. Belmore mountain, in the south-east corner, and Glenkeel mountain, on the north border, have altitudes of respectively 1,312 and 1,223 feet. The Sillees rivulet flows on the northern boundary ; Lough Ross lies on the eastern boundary ; the Roogagh rivulet flows on the boundary between the two sections; and a rivulet which makes two waterfalls flows in the interior of the Glenawley section. The road from Holywell to Derrygonnelly traverses the interior — This parish is a rectory and separate benefice, in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition, £120; glebe, i;I15. Gross income, £235; nett, £219 5s. Patron, the diocesan. The church is a verv old building. Sittings 150; attendance 50. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 700 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to a chapel in the upper division of Innismacsaint. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 502, and the Roman Catholics to 2,201 ; and a Protestant parochial school, which was aided with £2 a-year from subscription, and 4 pay daily schools at Coolarkin, Drumboggar, Carrickbeg, and Gorgar, had on their books 195 boys and 96 girls. In 1840, the National Board granted £68 3s. 4d. toward the erection of a school at Carrickbeg.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

54. Bohola parish with Slieve Conn and Barleyhill demesne

    Bohola · townland · Mayo

    A parish in Mayo whose surface includes part of the mountain of Slieve Conn and part of the valley of the river Guishden. The demesne of Barleyhill lies at the north base of Slieve Conn on the road from Swineford to Castlebar.

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    BOHOLA, BoHELA, or Bucholla, a parish in the barony of Gallen, 6^ miles south by east of Foxford, CO. Mayo, Connaught. Length, 4} miles ; breadth, 3} : area, 8,674 acres, I rood, 18 perches. Pop., in 1831, 3,658; in 1841, 4,301. Houses 724. The chief parts of the surface are part of the mountain of Slieve Conn, and part of the valley of the river Guishden. The interior is traversed westward by the road from Swineford to Castlebar, and southward by that from Foxford to Ballinrobe ; and, on the former of these, at the north base of Slieve Conn, is the demesne of Barleyhill. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Straid, in the dio. of Achonry. See Straid. The vicarial and the rectorial tithes are each compounded for £187 8s. lOd. ; and the latter are impropriate in Sir W. H. Palmer. The Roman Catholic chapel's statistics are returned jointly with those of five other chapels within the benefice. In 1834, the ProtestanU amounted to 11, and the Ro. man Catholics to 3,915; and 2 pay dailv schools had on their books 194 boys and 77 girls. ' In 1840, the National Board had a school at Bobola, on a salary of £8 ; and granted £74 3s., toward the erection M a school at Tamaghkinnaflf.

    HOLIES, a village in the parish of Duleek»

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

55. Bolton-Inn, former Waterford packet-station village

    Cheekpoint · town · Waterford

    Bolton-Inn, situated on the river Suir opposite the confluence of the Barrow and Nore, was formerly the packet-station for Waterford's communications with England. It also hosted a large cotton factory and hose-making trade, but declined with the introduction of steam-navigation.

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    BOLTON.INN, a village in the parish of Faithleg, and barony of Gualtier, co. Waterford, Munster. It stands on the river Suir, 1^ mile north of East Passage, and directly opposite the majestic influx of the united streams of the Barrow and the Nore. Its site was formerly called Cheek- Point, and is the spur or skirt of a hill which still bears that name. Several vantage-grounds, in the vicinity, command a noble view of the isleted and magnificent confluence of the monarch-rivers of the south, — of a large extent of the counties of Waterford, Wexford, and Kilkenny, — of the distant heights of the counties of Tipperary, Carlo w, and Wick low, — and of the Saltee islands, and a great expanse of ocean southeast of Duncannon Fort. The village was formerly the packet-station of the Waterford communications with England, and the site of a large cotton factory, and of some trade in hose- making ; but it has necessarily suffered from the introduction of steam-navigation, and the operation of other new influences. Pop. not specially returned.

    BOLUS, a promontory in the barony of Iveragb, CO. Kerry, Munster. It is situated S\ miles south by east of Valentia Island, and projects from the north-west side of the entrance of Ballinaskelligs bay.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

56. Bonamargy Franciscan monastery and its antiquities

    Bonamargy · townland · Antrim · 1400–1832

    The MacDonnels founded a Franciscan monastery at Bonamargy in the 15th century. The ruins include an unroofed chapel with sculptured east window and bas reliefs, plus refectory, dormitory, and a renovated oratory used as the Antrim family tomb. A petrified woodcock head was found in the Margy rivulet in 1832, and a pure gold rod measuring 38 inches was discovered in June 1808.

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    BONAMARGY, a monastic ruin on the north coast of the barony of Carey, 1 mile east-south-east of Ballycastle, and near the base of the romantic and cloud-capped height of Knocklade, co. Antrim, Ulster. Its site is highly picturesque ; and its vicinity commands gorgeous views of sea and land. The ruin stands within an enclosed cemetery, and is sufficiently perfect to exhibit the style of its architecture, and excite the interest of an artist. The chapel, now unroofed, measures about 100 feet by 34 ; its east end is ornamented by some tolerably good bas reliefs ; and its east window was of large size, and much enriched with sculpture. North of the choir are the ruins of the refectory, the dormitory, other monastic apartments, and a re-roofed and renovated oratory, used as the tomb of the Antrim fiunily. The MacDonnels founded the monastery, in the 15th century, for Franciscan frian ; and both it and its possessions reverted to them after the dis*

    solution. In July 1832, there was found, in the rivulet Margy, near the monastic ruins, the petrified head and neck of a woodcock,— -the bill and head of the natural colour, and the joint at the back of the head capable of being moved as before petrefaction ; and in June 1808, there was found an antique rod of pure gold, 38 inches in length, and 20^ ounces in weight.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

57. Booterstown village and church

    Booterstown · townland · Dublin · 1824

    The village of Booterstown stands on the Dublin-Kingstown road, 3.5 miles from Dublin Castle. Its name is derived from the Irish 'bothar,' meaning a street or road. The church, a handsome edifice with tower and spire, was built in 1824 at a cost of over £4,600.

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    breadth U mile. Area of the whole, 541 acres; «f the rural *(li?itricts of the barony of Dablin section, 40 acres ; of the rural districts of the Rathdown section, 401 aores. Pop., in 1841, of the whole, 3,318 ; of the rural districts of the barony of Dublin section, none ; of the rural districts of the Rathdown section, 2.048. Houses in the wh«Ie, 606 ; in the rural districts of the Rathdown section, 315. The ecclesiastical and the civil parish, as they existed in 1831, were considerably dissimilar in extent : and the former bad then a population of 2,875. The surface is part of the southern shore and sea-board of the bay of Dublin ; consists of excellent land ; is thickly powdered with mansions and villas ; is traversed by the high road and the railway fix)m Dublin to Kingstown ; and forms a worthy part of the brilliant environs of the metropolis. The village stands on the Dublin and Kingstown road, 3^ miles from Dublincastle. Its name is supposed to be derived from the Irish * bothar,' a street or a road. The village is nearly continuous with Williamstown, and, through that, with Blacrrocr : which see. The church is a handsome edifice, surmounted by a tower and spire. Among the most conspicuous mansions in the vicinity are the noble seats of Trimleston, Willow- Park, and Merrion-castle. A dispensary here is within the Rathdown Poor-law union, and serves strictly for the parish; and, in 1839-40, it received £81 2s. 6d., expended £107 Is. lOd., and administered to 1,076 patients. — Hooterstown parish is ecclesiastically appropriated to the archdeaconry of Dublin, vet u>rms a perpetual curacy and a separate benefice in Dublin diocese. Gross income, £100 16s. 2d.; nett, £47 12s. 7d. Patron, the archdeacon of Dublin. The church was built, in 1824, at the cost of £4,615 78. 8id. ; of which £3,230 15s. 44d. was gifted, and £461 Uk. 9id. lent by the late Board of First Fruits, and £923 Is. G^d. was raised by subscription. Sittings 450; attendance 500. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,200; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to a chapel in Monkstown. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 960 Churchmen, 19 Presbyterians, 8 other Protestant disfietiters, and 1,751 Roman Catholics; and 4 daily schools, — 2 of wliich were parochial, 1 infant, and 1 attached to the Roman Catholic chapel, — had on their books 53 boys and 189 girls. In 1840, the National Board hud 2 schools in the parish, and aided the» with respectively £14 and £10 a-year.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

58. Bordwell parish ruins and mansions

    Bordwell · parish · Laois

    Bordwell parish in Queen's County contains ruins of a castle and of Bordwell church as its chief antiquities. The mansions Grantstown and Farmville are noted, and Lough Grantstown lies in the south-east of the parish.

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    BORDWELL, or Boardwell, a parish, formerly in the quondam barony of Upper Ossory, but now partly in the barony of Clandonagh, chiefly in the barony of Clurmallagh, and 2| miles north-east of Rathdowney, Queen's co., Leinster. Length, 2| miles ; breadth, 1]. Area of the Clandonagh section, 113 acres, 2 roods, 13 perches; of the Clarmallagh section, 2,r»90 acres, 2 roods, 30 perches, — of which 27 acres, 1 rood, 20 perches, are in Lough Grantstown. Pop. of the whole, in 1831,869; in 1841, 957. Houses 157. Pop., in 1841, of the Clandonagh section, 53 ; of the Clarmallagh section, 904. Houses in the respective sections, 8 and 149. The land is in general good. Lough Grantstown lies in the southeast. The mansions are Grantstown and Farmville. The chief antiquities are the ruins of a castle and of Bordweil churoh. The road from Donaghmore to Durrow, aTid that from Rathdowney to Montrath,

    intersect each other in the interior This parish is a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

59. Borris-castle demesne and chapel worship

    Borris · town · Carlow · 1830–1846

    Adjoining Borris stands the superb demesne of Borris-castle. An apartment in the castle was, until a few years before 1846, used as the parochial place of worship with an attendance of 100, before a church was recently erected.

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    sre in the river Barrow. Pop., in 1831* S,3M: in 1841, 2,656. Houses 44L Pop. of tbe nml districts, in ia31, 1,7*23; in 1841, ],70& Howes 280. The surface extends along tbe rin^ht bwik of the Barrow, and is partly drained thither by the Borris rivulet. The land variei* in value from 28«. to 35s. per plantation acre. The inhabitants enjoy the advantages of ihc Barrow N»vigatioii, uid of the thoroughfare between DubKn and Kew Ro^s. Adjoining Borris is the superb demesne of Borriscastle ; and a little to the eaitt, on the road leading to CO. Wexford through SeoHagh Gap, bat immediately beyond the boundary of Clonagoose, is the mansion of Kilcaldrum. In the north stands the hamlet of Ballymartin. — This parish is a Tiearage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Leigfalin. Vicarial tithe composition, £8& Is. 6^d. Gross income, £93 Is. 6.Ld. ; nett, £41 17s. 6|d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £152 6s. i^d., and are impropriate in Lord -Cloncurry. An apartment in Borris-castle was a few years ngo, used as the parochial place of worship, and had an attendance of 100; but a church was recently erected. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1 ,000 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Kiltennel and St. Mullins. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 151, and the Roman Catholics to 2,272; and 6 daily schools-.-^ of which were in oonnexion with the National Board, and 3 with the Kildare-place Society — had on their books -374 boys and 120 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

60. Borris Castle sieged and defended

    Borris · town · Carlow · 1642–1796

    Borris Castle was garrisoned by parliamentarians and sustained a siege from the Irish in 1642. In 1796, it was placed in a state of defence and successfully withstood a tumultuous attack and formal siege by insurgents. The demesne commands sublime views of the Blackstairs mountains.

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    the eastks of Hatfield and Burleigh. It likewise carefully blends convenience with ornament; and displays the genius of the Messrs. Morrison, after whose designs it was altered, quite as forcibly in the interior as in the exterior. The extensive demesne around it abounds with inequalities, is richly wooded, borrows embellishment from the meanderings of the Borris rivulet, and commands, from varioas parts, sublime views of the Blackstairs mountains. In 1642, the castle was garrisoned by the parliamentarians, and sustained a siege from the Irish ; and, in 1796, it was placed in a state of defence, and successfully withstood a tumultuous attack and a formal siege by the insurgents. The Kavanaghs of this demesne, are the proprietors of the greater part of the surrounding district, and the senior representalives of Donald Kavanagh, natural son of Dermod MacMorough, last king of Leinster. In 1550, Cahir Mac Art MacMorough Kavanagh of Polmonty, surrendered part of his estates, and publicly renounced the title of MacMorough as borne by his ancestors ; and, 4 years afterwards, he was created Baron of Ballygan in the Irish peerage. In 1595, Donald- Spaniagh, a turbulent personage of the sept, ravaged the entire country from Wicklow to Dublin ; and, in 1631 or 1632, after a life of daring aggressions, died at his castle of Clonmolin, and was succeeded in the family domain by his son. Sir Morgan Kavanagh of Borris.

    BORRISCARRA. See BtraniscARRA.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181