The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Burt Castle: O'Doherty border fastness on Burt Hill

   Burt · parish · Donegal · 1509–1547

   Burt Castle, a quadrangular ruin crowning Burt Hill on the east side of Lough Swilly, was one of the border fastnesses of the O'Doherty, built in the reign of Henry VIII. The structure features walls 4–5 feet thick, cannon embrasures, musketry perforations of blue purbeck, and a circular tower at one alternate angle; in 1825 a thunder-stroke deprived it of an 18-foot turret.

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   BURT, Bert, or Birt, a parish in the barony of Innishowen, co. Donegal, Ulster. Length, northeastward, 7 miles ; breadth, from J of a mile to 3 miles ; area, 10,072 acres, 2 roods, 26 perches. Pop., in 1831, 3,765 ; in 1841, 3,857. IIouses639. It lies along the east side of Lough S willy, 6 miles northwest by west of Londonderry. The surface comprises a large proportion of mountain ; yet consists generally of good land. Burt hill rises, conically, from the side of the Lough, to the height of nearly 700 feet ; and is crowned by the ruin of Burt-castle, one of the border fastnesses of the O'Doherty, built in the reign of Henry VIII. The castle is a quadrangular structure, from 4 to 5 feet thick in the walls, with many embrasures for cannons, and perforations of the merlons of blue purbeck for musketry ; and up the alternate angle rises a circular tower. The pile is at present 42 feet high ; but, in 1825, it was deprived by a thunder-stroke of a turret 18 feet in height. The summit of the ruin commands a grand and brilliant prospect of not less extent than about 50 miles by 37 ; though the view, in the direction of Londonderry, is partially obscured by the adjacent, lofty, and interesting hill of Greenan : which see. Burthouse, the seat of A. Ferguson, Esq., stands at the base of Burt hill. The principal hamlets are Bridgetown and Lower Bohullion. A dispensary in the parish is within the Londonderry Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 13,700 acres, with 8,908 inhabitants; and, in 1839, it received £115 14s., expended £119 1 6s., and administered to 1,442 patients This parish is a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Gross income £92 6s. 8d. ; nett, £68 6s. 8d. Patron, the dean of Derry. See Tem- FLKMoRE. The church is old ; and was repaired about 35 years ago by voluntary local contribution. Sittings 80 ; attendance, 60 in winter, 80 in summer. The Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 400 to 700, and the Roman Catholic chapel by from 300 to 400 ; and the latter, in the Roman Catholic

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

2. Burt Hill panorama from castle ruin summit

   Burt · parish · Donegal

   The summit of Burt Castle ruin commands a grand and brilliant prospect of not less than about 50 miles by 37 miles, though the view toward Londonderry is partially obscured by the adjacent, lofty, and interesting hill of Greenan.

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   BURT, Bert, or Birt, a parish in the barony of Innishowen, co. Donegal, Ulster. Length, northeastward, 7 miles ; breadth, from J of a mile to 3 miles ; area, 10,072 acres, 2 roods, 26 perches. Pop., in 1831, 3,765 ; in 1841, 3,857. IIouses639. It lies along the east side of Lough S willy, 6 miles northwest by west of Londonderry. The surface comprises a large proportion of mountain ; yet consists generally of good land. Burt hill rises, conically, from the side of the Lough, to the height of nearly 700 feet ; and is crowned by the ruin of Burt-castle, one of the border fastnesses of the O'Doherty, built in the reign of Henry VIII. The castle is a quadrangular structure, from 4 to 5 feet thick in the walls, with many embrasures for cannons, and perforations of the merlons of blue purbeck for musketry ; and up the alternate angle rises a circular tower. The pile is at present 42 feet high ; but, in 1825, it was deprived by a thunder-stroke of a turret 18 feet in height. The summit of the ruin commands a grand and brilliant prospect of not less extent than about 50 miles by 37 ; though the view, in the direction of Londonderry, is partially obscured by the adjacent, lofty, and interesting hill of Greenan : which see. Burthouse, the seat of A. Ferguson, Esq., stands at the base of Burt hill. The principal hamlets are Bridgetown and Lower Bohullion. A dispensary in the parish is within the Londonderry Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 13,700 acres, with 8,908 inhabitants; and, in 1839, it received £115 14s., expended £119 1 6s., and administered to 1,442 patients This parish is a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Gross income £92 6s. 8d. ; nett, £68 6s. 8d. Patron, the dean of Derry. See Tem- FLKMoRE. The church is old ; and was repaired about 35 years ago by voluntary local contribution. Sittings 80 ; attendance, 60 in winter, 80 in summer. The Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 400 to 700, and the Roman Catholic chapel by from 300 to 400 ; and the latter, in the Roman Catholic

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

3. Burton and Egmont seats, Churchtown parish, Cork

   near Churchtown · town · Cork

   The quondam noble seats of Burton and Egmont lie within Churchtown parish and give the titles of Baron and Earl to the family of Percival. The village of Churchtown itself is neat in arrangement and prettily planted.

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   CHURCHTOWN, or Bruhennt, a parish, partly in the barony of Duballow, but chiefly in that of Orrery and Kilmore, 6 miles south-south-west of Charleville, co. Cork, Munster. The Orrery and Kilmore section contains the village of Churchtown. Length, 4 miles ; breadth, 2. Area of the Duballow section, 1,078 acres; of the Orrery and Kilmore section, 6,969 acres. Pop. of the Orrery and Kilmore section, in 1831, 2,893 ; in 1841, 2,689. Houses 382. Pop. of the Duballow section, in 1841,* 688. Houses 113. The surface is drained southward by the headwaters of the Awbeg, and traversed in the same direction by the road from Limerick to Cork ; and it consists variously of good arable land, good pasture land, coarse mountain, bleak moorland, and repulsive b<^. The quondam noble seats of Burton and EoMONT [see these articles], are within the parish, and give the titles of Baron and Earl to the fiunil^ of Percival. The village of Churchtown is neat m arrangement, and is prettily planted. A dispensary here is within the Mallow Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,033 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £138 18s., and administered to 1,944 pa. tients. Area of the village, 22 acres. Pop., in 1841, 638. Houses 86. The church whence the village has its name, substituted one upon another site which was removed by act of parliament in 9 Anne ; and it is cruciform, has its chancel paved with black and white marble, and contains the burying vault of

   the Egroont family This parish is a rectory, and a

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

4. Burton House: Perceval seat burned by James II's forces

   near Churchtown · town · Cork · 1688–1691

   Burton, near Churchtown in County Cork, was a noble seat and residence of the Perceval family, giving the title of baron to the Earl of Egmont. The mansion was burned by the forces of James II during the wars of the Revolution but still existed as a ruin, surrounded by extensive plantations, orchards, and a noble park.

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   BURTON, a quondam noble seat in the vicinity of Churchtown, barony of Orrery and Kilmore, co. Cork, Munster. It was a residence of the Perceval family, and gives the title of baron to the Earl of Egmont The mansion was burned by the forces of James II. during the wars of the Revolution, but still exists as a ruin. Around it are extensive plantations, large orchards, and a noble park.

   BURTON-PORT, a creek and fishing village in the barony of Boylagh, co. Donegal, Ulster. Both are situated directly opposite the island of Rutland, and 4 miles north- north-west of Dunglo. The creek has a rocky shore ; is quayed on one side ; has 8 or 9 feet water at high- water; and, besides being of use to the fishermen, is the ferry-station to Rutland. The hamlet has a branch of the Dunglo dispensary, and is the residence of the surgeon of the district.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

5. Bushmills: improving town near Giant's Causeway

   near Bushmills · village · Antrim

   Bushmills, on the River Bush 1½ miles south of the Giant's Causeway, was a neat and improving place indebted for its prosperity to Sir F. W. MacNaughten, Bart. It contained a court-house, hotel for Causeway visitors, spade and shovel factory, paper and flour mills, and a large distillery, with Bardyville mansion adjoining the town.

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   BUSHMILLS, a small market and post town, partly in the parish of Dunluce, and barony of Lower Dunluce, but chiefly in the parish of Billy, and barony of Carey, co. Antrim, Ulster. It stands on the river Bush, 1^ mile south of the Giant's Causeway, 6^ north-east of Coleraine, and 52 north by west of Belfast. It is a neat and improving place ; and is indebted, as the chief means of its prosperity, to the exertions of Sir F. W. MacNaughten, Bart. It contains several places of worship [See Billt] ; a court-house, a commodious hotel and posting establishment,*for the use of visitors to the Causeway ; a small factory for spades and shovels ; paper and flour mills ; and a large and well-known distillery. A dispensary in the town is within the Coleraine Poorlaw union, and serves for a population of 11,625; and, in 1839-40, it received £40 19s., expended £38 19s. Id., and administered to 299 patients. Fairs are held on March 28, June 24, Oct. 21, and Dec. 12. Two public cars run weekly to Coleraine. Bardyville, the modern mansion and improved demesne of Sir F. W. MacNaughten. Bart., adjoins the town ; and various neat villas and bathing lodges — among which is Seaport, the seat of J. Leslie, Esq. — are sprinkled athwart the environs and along the coast. Area, 42 acres ; of which 34 acres are in Billy. Pop., in 1831, 507; in 1841, 768. Houses 146. Pop. of the Billy section, in 1841, 661. Houses 118.

   BUTLER'S BRIDGE, a village in the parish of Castleterra, barony of Upper Lought^e, co. Cavan, Ulster. It stands on the Annalee river, 3 miles north by west of Cavan, on the road thence to Enniskillen. Area, 18 acres. Pop., in 1831, 211 ; in 1841,217. Houses 40.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

6. Butler family monumental stone in Friary Chapel Yard

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary

   In the Friary Chapel Yard at Clonmel stands a striking Butler family monumental stone of blue limestone, about seven feet long and four broad, bearing two alto-relievo effigies of an armoured male and a robed female.

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   chapels present a common-place appearance. A laree nunnery stands on the south side of the river, nearly opposite the upper end of Moore's Island. In 1269, a Dominican friary was founded at Clonmel, and dedicated to St. Dominic ; and in the same year a Franciscan friarv was founded here by Otho de Qrandison. The church of the latter was a building of great magnificence, and esteemed one of the finest in Ireland ; it was noted also for possessing a pretended image of St. Francis, to which superstitious credulity ascribed a thaumaturgic power ; and, after the dissolution, it came to be used as a dissenting meetinghouse. In what is called the '* Friary Chapel Yard " occurs one of the most striking of the few remains of ancient architecture and sculpture in Clonmel, — a monumental stone belonging to the family of the Butlers; itconsistsofbluelimestone; measuresabout 7 feet in length, and 4 in breadth ; and contains, in alto relievo, twoefligies, the one of a male in complete armour, and the other of a female dressed in a loose robe which extends from the neck to the feet.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 218

7. Buttevant Church built 1826 with Board of First Fruits loan

   Buttevant · town · Cork · 1826

   The church of the union, situated in Buttevant, was built in 1826 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. It has 220 sittings and is ornamented with a steeple, with an interior monumental inscription to the Watkins family of Ballymee and Waterpark.

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   Gross income, £163 168. 4d.; nett, £113 10s. 6d. ; — but both sums are exclusive of about £50 received for the chaplaincy of the garrison. Patron, the diocesan. The tithes of Buttevant parish, jointly with those of Ballybeg, are compounded for £962 Tos., and are impropriate in Mr. Oliver. The church of the union, situated in Buttevant, was built in 1826, by means of a loan of £1,476 ISs. S^d., from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 220; attendance 120. Two Roman Catholic chapels in Buttevant are attended by respectively from 2,000 to 3,000, and from 300 to 400. In 1834, the Pro. testunts of the parish amounted to 209, and the Roman ('atholics to 5,535 ; the Protestants of the union to 282, and the Roman Catholics to 8,527 ; and 7 daily schools in the parish — one of which was aided with £30 from subscription, £5 from the London Hibernian Ladies' Society, and other advantages from other quarters — had on their books 267 hoys and 128 girls.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

8. Buttevant Franciscan monastery remains

   Buttevant · town · Cork · 1290

   A Franciscan monastery founded by the Barry family prior to 1290 still exhibits extensive remains in Buttevant, including walls of the choir and nave in pointed architectural style. A central quadrangular tower fell about 22 years before the text was written, but a chapel of the Virgin contains monuments and inscriptions of the Barry, Fitzgerald, and Butler families.

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   BUTTEVANT, a post and market town in the above parish, stands on the river Awbeg, and on the mail-road from Limerick to Cork, 3^ miles west of Doneraile, 6 north of Mallow, 7J south by east of Charleville, and I21| south-west by south of Dublin. Though now a decayed and poor place, it was formerly a town of importance and opulence, surrounded by walls, governed by a corporation, and rendered a scene of stir and concourse by the presence of opulent monastic communities. The wrecks of monasteries and churches, which must once have imparted to its streets an unusual show of ecclesiastical splendour, are now moumfullv intermixed with masses of humble tenements. The monastery for Conventual Franciscans, founded by the family of Barry, some time prior to the year 1290, still exhibits somewhat extensive remains. A handsome quadrangular tower, which rose from its centre, and formed its principal feature, fell about 22 years ago, and lies prostrate in heaps of rubbish ; but the walls of the choir and nave, as well as various subordinate pieces of masonry, still stand, and display man^ traces of skill and taste in the pointed style of architecture. A chapel of the Virgin, on the south side of the nave, contains numerous monuments and inscriptions of the Barrys, the Fitzgeralds, the Butlers, and other families. A crypt — a very unusual feature in the old ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland — occurs beneath the chanccL Some frescoes on the walls of the monastery are praised by Archdall, but appear, from the faint traces of them which remain, to have had no merit. A large heap of skulls and hones at the entrance of the monastery are said to be tho^e of persons who fell at the battle of Knockuinoss in 1647, fought by the parliamentarian army under Lord Inchiquin, and the Irish forces under Lord Taafe. See Knockninoss A little northwest of the monastery, and within its buryingground, is a square tower, called the tower of Cullen, which is traditionally said to have been the erection and retreat of an Earl of Desmond, and which probably was u<«cd as a place of security for the goods and persons of the monks in times or violence— Near the abbey, in another direction, are iiome unimportant vestiges of a building, supposed to have been a nunnery, but not authentically known to any dociunent — Two churches, dedicated res^pectively to St. Bridget and the Virgin Mary, and situated within one cemetery, have disappeared. The pre'ient church is ornamented with a steeple ; and has, in its interior, a long monumental inscription to the family of Watkins of Ballymee and Waterpark.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

9. Cahernarry church built 1812

   Cahernarry (Cripps) · townland · Limerick · 1812

   The church at Cahernarry was built in 1812 by means of a loan of £230 15s. 4½d. from the late Board of First Fruits. The parish was appropriated to the deanery of Limerick and constituted a perpetual curacy in the diocese of Limerick.

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   compounded for £175 7s. 8^d., is appropriated to the deanery of Limerick ; yet it constitutes a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Limerick. Gross income, £104 6s. ; nett, £91 2s. Patron, the dean of Limerick. The church was built in 1812, by means of a loan of £230 15s. 4|d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 60 ; attendance, about 12. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 15, and the Roman Catholics to 2|00I ; and 2 pav daily schools were attended, on the average, by^fi-om 200 to 220 children.

   CAHIRSIVEEN. See Cahirgiteen.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

10. Cahernarry-house and Ballinaguard seats

    Cahernarry (Cripps) · townland · Limerick

    Cahernarry-house on the northern border of the parish was the seat of Mr. Crips, while two miles farther south stood Ballinaguard, the seat of John Croker, Esq., set amidst an extensive demesne of beautifully varied surface. The parish was formerly partly within the county of the city of Limerick before transfer to the barony of Clanwilliam.

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    CAHIRNARRT, a parish in the barony of Clan- William, 3^ miles south-east of the city of Limerick,. CO. Limenck, Munster. It contains the village of Ballineety : which see. Length, 2} miles ; breadth, 1^ ; area, 2,478 acres. Pop., in 1841, 1,388. Houses 212. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 1,157. Houses 176. The pop. of 1831 is returned by the civil reports at 882, and by the ecclesiastical reports at 1,939. The larger part of the parish formerly lay within the county ot the city of Limerick, and was transferred to the barony of Clanwilliam by the Act 6 and 7 Will. IV. The parochial surface consists of p[ood land ; and is traversed by the road from Limenck to Cork. On the northern border is Cahimarry-house, the seat of Mr. Crips; and 2 miles farther south is Ballinaguard, the seat of John Croker, Esq., amidst an extensive demesne of beautifully varied surface This parish, whose tithes are

    compounded for £175 7s. 8^d., is appropriated to the deanery of Limerick ; yet it constitutes a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Limerick. Gross income, £104 6s. ; nett, £91 2s. Patron, the dean of Limerick. The church was built in 1812, by means of a loan of £230 15s. 4|d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 60 ; attendance, about 12. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 15, and the Roman Catholics to 2|00I ; and 2 pav daily schools were attended, on the average, by^fi-om 200 to 220 children.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

11. Cahir Castle — ivy-mantled romantic fortress

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    Cahir Castle is described as an ivy-mantled, water-girt, and romantic castle situated on the river Suir. It is surrounded by the park and plantations of Lord Glengal, contributing to Cahir being unsurpassed for picturesqueness by any town in Munster.

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    CAHIR, a market and post town in the above parish, sUnds on the river Suir, and at the intersection of the ro:ul from Dublin to Cork with the road from Waterford to Limerick. 8J miles south by west of Cashel. 13.^ north-east of Michelstown, and 87* 8outh.south-west of Dublin. The neatness and cleanliness of the town's interior, the pleasing character of its public and more prominent buiidingit, the beauteous course of the limpid and feathery Suir, the ivy-mantled, water-girt, and romantic castle of Cahir, the environing park and plantations of Lord Glengal, the undulated expanse of villa-dotted luxuriance which spreads away in the distance, and the grand perspective of the verdant and wooded declivities of the Galtee mountains, render Cahir unsurpassed for picturesqueness by any town in Munster. The parish-church is a handsome e<liiice ; the Roman Catholic chapel is a large and very graceful structure ; the sessions-house, the jail, the markethouse, the schools, and the inn, are all di-tinct and suitable in architecture ; and most of them occupy conspicuous sites, and enter well into scenic composition with the ca.stle and river and opulent environs. The jail, a short while ago, was remarkable for its dilapidated state and its bad management; but, in 1841, it underwent repair. A barrack, containing accommodation for a regiment of rivalry, stands about a mile from the town ; and, as it is generally occupied, it contributes largely to the town's bustle and gaiety. The ruins of an abbey, said to have been founded by Geoffrey de Camville, in the reign of John, for canons regular of the order of Augustine, stand H short way up the river. A fevt-r ho-pital and a di'^pensary in tiie town are within the Clouheen Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, the hospital received £-273 13s. 9d., expended £352 19s. lljd., and had 220 patients, and the dispensary received £64 7s., and made 9,188 dispensations of medicine to 3,616 patients. In 1841, a Loan Fund had a capital of £1,986, circulated £8,963 in 2,552 loans, realized £82 Is. 8d. of nett profit, and expended £5 on charitable purposes. A market is held weekly ; fairs arc held on May 26 and 27, July 20, Sept. 18 and 19, and Dec. 7 ; and both the market and the fairs are the scene of much business in the influx of com and the efflux of general merchandise. Extensive flour-mills, in the vicinity, conducted chiefly by Quakers, and actively and constantly at work, contribute largely to the support of the population. Sedulous and careful eflbrts were made to intro<Iuce straw-plaiting and the linen trade, but they almost wholly failed. Considerable stir and prosperity accrue from the thoroughfare along the two great transverse lines of road which intersect each other in the town; and some advantage is derived from favourableness of position to tourists visiting thj ^litchelstown caves, the glen of Aharlow, the (jaltee mountains, and other comparatively near objects of commanding interest. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, approaches within a mile of the town, and will effect travelling thenco to Dublin in 4 hours and 37 minutes. The inn of the town iii of recent erection, and well-kept; and is beautifully situated on the Suir. The town is greatly indebted for its extension and improvement to Richard^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

12. Cahir Castle on its islet in the River Suir

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    Cahir Castle occupies a bold islet site in the Suir, connected by bridges to both riverbanks. It occupies the site of a structure of great antiquity, named Cahir-dunaancaig ('the circular stone-fortress of the fish-abounding dun'), and consists of a great square keep with extensive outworks flanked by seven towers.

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    Cabir-castle occupies a bold site on an islet in the Suir ; and is connected by bridges with both sides of the river. This edifice, say Mr. and Mrs. Hall, •* was, as well as the town it protected, very famous in former times. It is said, however, to occupy the site of a structure of the remotest antiquity, — its ancient name being Cahir-dunaancaig, or ' the circular stone-fortress of the fish-abounding dun or fort ;* a name which appears to be tautological, and which can only be accounted for by the supposition that an earthen dun^ or fort, had originally occupied the site on which a eahir^ or stone fort, was erected wibseqiiently. It is of considerable extent, but irregular outline, consequent upon its adaptation to the form and broken surface of its insular site, and consists of a great square keep, surrounded by extensive outworks, forming an outer and an inner ballium, with a small court-yard between the two ; these outworks being flanked by seven towers, four of which are circular, and three of larger size square ; its general character, even now, closely assimilating to that which it presented in 1599 (when it was taken by the Earl of Essex), as it is pictured in the Pacata Hibernia. Very recently it has been put into thorough repair ; but so judiciously, that its picturesque effect is in no degree irijured." The beautiful park attached to the castle extends a considerable distance along both sides of the Suir ; and contains a singularly neat cottage, erected by the late Countess of Glengal. The castle was taken in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir George Carey, and in 1650 by Oliver Cromwell. In 1543, Thomas Butler of Cahir was created Baron Cahir ; and, in 1816, Richard, the eleventh Baron, was raised to the dignity of Earl of Glengal. Area of the town, 165 acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,408; in 1841, 3.668. Houses 580. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 288 ; in manufactures and trade, 346 ; in other pursuits, 166. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 2*2; on the directing of labour, 378 ; on their own manual labour, 335 ; on means not specified, 65. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 743 ; who could read but not write, 179; who could neither read nor write, 552. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 522 ; who could read but not write, 281 ; who could neither read nor write, 970.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

13. Cahir Castle taken by Essex in 1599 and Cromwell in 1650

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1599–1650

    Cahir Castle was taken by the Earl of Essex in 1599, as pictured in the Pacata Hibernia, and earlier by Sir George Carey in the reign of Elizabeth. Oliver Cromwell took the castle in 1650. It was recently put into thorough repair without injuring its picturesque effect.

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    Cabir-castle occupies a bold site on an islet in the Suir ; and is connected by bridges with both sides of the river. This edifice, say Mr. and Mrs. Hall, •* was, as well as the town it protected, very famous in former times. It is said, however, to occupy the site of a structure of the remotest antiquity, — its ancient name being Cahir-dunaancaig, or ' the circular stone-fortress of the fish-abounding dun or fort ;* a name which appears to be tautological, and which can only be accounted for by the supposition that an earthen dun^ or fort, had originally occupied the site on which a eahir^ or stone fort, was erected wibseqiiently. It is of considerable extent, but irregular outline, consequent upon its adaptation to the form and broken surface of its insular site, and consists of a great square keep, surrounded by extensive outworks, forming an outer and an inner ballium, with a small court-yard between the two ; these outworks being flanked by seven towers, four of which are circular, and three of larger size square ; its general character, even now, closely assimilating to that which it presented in 1599 (when it was taken by the Earl of Essex), as it is pictured in the Pacata Hibernia. Very recently it has been put into thorough repair ; but so judiciously, that its picturesque effect is in no degree irijured." The beautiful park attached to the castle extends a considerable distance along both sides of the Suir ; and contains a singularly neat cottage, erected by the late Countess of Glengal. The castle was taken in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir George Carey, and in 1650 by Oliver Cromwell. In 1543, Thomas Butler of Cahir was created Baron Cahir ; and, in 1816, Richard, the eleventh Baron, was raised to the dignity of Earl of Glengal. Area of the town, 165 acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,408; in 1841, 3.668. Houses 580. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 288 ; in manufactures and trade, 346 ; in other pursuits, 166. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 2*2; on the directing of labour, 378 ; on their own manual labour, 335 ; on means not specified, 65. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 743 ; who could read but not write, 179; who could neither read nor write, 552. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 522 ; who could read but not write, 281 ; who could neither read nor write, 970.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

14. Cahirciveen: modern town founded on roads and fisheries

    Cahersiveen · town · Kerry · 1833

    Cahirciveen is an entirely modern post-town in Kerry, owing its origin to the opening of the country by roads and encouragement of fisheries. Between the new road along Glenbeigh and 1833, saltworks, corn-stores, an inn, a bridewell, a Catholic chapel, and 76 slated houses were built.

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    CAHIRCIVEEN. or Cahirsivken, a post-town in the parish of Cahir, barony of Iveragh, oo. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the south-east side of toe embouchure of the Fartin or Cahir river, 2 miles east-north-east of Valentia, 24 south-west of Milltown, and 182| south-west of Dublin. It is altogether modern, and owes its origin and progress Xm the opening of the country by roads, and tjie encouraging of the fisheries by the construction of luurbours. Between the formation of the new line of road, along the vale of Glenbeigh, and the year 1833, there were built in the town saltworks, corn-stores, a good inn, a bridewell, a Roman Catholic chapel, and 76 slated dwelling-houses. The bride wdl ts small, yet contains the legal accommodation. A pier-quay faced at each side, and extending 181 feet from the root, was constructed hy the Fishenr Board at the cost, to the public funds, of £369 48. 7d. ; and it is useful, not only in eneouraflng fishermen, but in fiu:ilitating the export of agricultural produce. About 400 persons m the town and its vicinity derive partial employment from the fisheries, yet seem to pa^ preferable attenti<»i to their other employment of small farmers. A Poorlaw union, which takes name from Cahirciveen, ranks as the 120th ; and was declared on Sept 19, 1B40. It lies all in co. Kerry, and comprehends a territory of 146,296 acres, which contained, in 1831, a pop. of 26,785. Its electoral divisions, with their respective pop., in 1831, are Cahir, S,653 ; Valentia, 2,614; Killemanagh, 2,548; Prior, 3,176; Killyman, 3,215; Drummod, 4,600; Glenbeigh, 2,449; Killorglin, 1,284; and Glencar, 1,246. The number of exofficio and of elected guardians is respectively 6 and 19 ; and of the latter, 3 are returned bv Cahir division, and 2 by each of the other divisions. The valuator was appointed on June 22, 1841 ; and the workhouse contains accommodation for 400 paopen.

    CAH

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

15. Cahirciveen pier-quay built by Fisheries Board

    Cahersiveen · town · Kerry

    A pier-quay at Cahirciveen, faced at each side and extending 181 feet, was constructed by the Fisheries Board at a public cost of £369 4s. 7d. It encouraged fishermen and facilitated export of agricultural produce, with about 400 persons deriving partial employment from fisheries.

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    CAHIRCIVEEN. or Cahirsivken, a post-town in the parish of Cahir, barony of Iveragh, oo. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the south-east side of toe embouchure of the Fartin or Cahir river, 2 miles east-north-east of Valentia, 24 south-west of Milltown, and 182| south-west of Dublin. It is altogether modern, and owes its origin and progress Xm the opening of the country by roads, and tjie encouraging of the fisheries by the construction of luurbours. Between the formation of the new line of road, along the vale of Glenbeigh, and the year 1833, there were built in the town saltworks, corn-stores, a good inn, a bridewell, a Roman Catholic chapel, and 76 slated dwelling-houses. The bride wdl ts small, yet contains the legal accommodation. A pier-quay faced at each side, and extending 181 feet from the root, was constructed hy the Fishenr Board at the cost, to the public funds, of £369 48. 7d. ; and it is useful, not only in eneouraflng fishermen, but in fiu:ilitating the export of agricultural produce. About 400 persons m the town and its vicinity derive partial employment from the fisheries, yet seem to pa^ preferable attenti<»i to their other employment of small farmers. A Poorlaw union, which takes name from Cahirciveen, ranks as the 120th ; and was declared on Sept 19, 1B40. It lies all in co. Kerry, and comprehends a territory of 146,296 acres, which contained, in 1831, a pop. of 26,785. Its electoral divisions, with their respective pop., in 1831, are Cahir, S,653 ; Valentia, 2,614; Killemanagh, 2,548; Prior, 3,176; Killyman, 3,215; Drummod, 4,600; Glenbeigh, 2,449; Killorglin, 1,284; and Glencar, 1,246. The number of exofficio and of elected guardians is respectively 6 and 19 ; and of the latter, 3 are returned bv Cahir division, and 2 by each of the other divisions. The valuator was appointed on June 22, 1841 ; and the workhouse contains accommodation for 400 paopen.

    CAH

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

16. Cahirciveen Poor Law Union declared in 1840

    Cahersiveen · town · Kerry · 1840–1843

    The Cahirciveen Poor Law Union, ranked 120th, was declared on 19 September 1840, covering 146,296 acres in County Kerry with a population of 26,785 in 1831. Its workhouse provided accommodation for 400 paupers and was not yet completed by February 1843.

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    contains the whole of the parishes of Ballyboghill, Ballymadun, Clonmethan, Garristown, Grallagh, Hollywood, Naule, Palmerstown, and Westpalstown. Area, 25,195 acres. Pop., in 1841, 6,427. Houses 1,111. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 809; in manufactures and trade, 2M; in other pursuits, 89. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,052; who could read but not write, 029 ; who could neither read nor write, 1,258. Females at and above 5 years of age who oould read and write, 584 ; who could read but not write, 670; who could neither read nor write, 1,512. BALROTHERY, or Balruddert, a parish on the eastern border of the barony of Balrothery, co. Dublin, Leinster. It contains the town and chapelry of Balbriggan [which see], and the village of Balrothery, which will be noticed in this article. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 2); area, 6,885 acres. Pop., in 1831. 5,078 ; in 1841, 4.881. Houses 93.3. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 1,687; in IS4I, 1,536. Houses 279. The surface consists, for the most part, of good land ; is drained north-e&stward by a rivulet which falls into the creek of Balbriggan; and is traversed north vrard by the old road from Dublin to Drogheda, and north- north -westward near the coast by the Dublin and Drogheda railway. The principal mansions are situated on or near the coast, and are Hampton, the seat of G. A. Hamilton, Esq. ; Ardgilian, the seat of the Hon. and Rev. E. Taylor ; and Lowther Lodge and Knockingan — The village of Balrothery stands on the old Dublin and Drogheda road, not far from the curious, decayed, loftily situated, and fantastically named village, *' the Man of War," 2 miles south-south-west of Balbriggan, and 14 north bv east of Dublin. Area, 30 acrea. Pop., in 1881, '375; in 1841, 386. Houses 77. Though now a poor decayed place, it possessed some consequence previous to the diversion of the great northern thoroughfare to the Ashbourne line of road, and may possibly be resuscitated under the whirling influence of the neighbouring railway. Fairs ore held on May 6 and Aug. 12. A Poor-law union, which takes name from the village, will be noticed

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

17. Cahir jail repaired after years of dilapidation

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1841

    The jail in Cahir was noted for its dilapidated state and poor management until it underwent repair in 1841. It forms part of the town's civic architecture alongside the sessions-house, market-house, and schools.

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    CAHIR, a market and post town in the above parish, sUnds on the river Suir, and at the intersection of the ro:ul from Dublin to Cork with the road from Waterford to Limerick. 8J miles south by west of Cashel. 13.^ north-east of Michelstown, and 87* 8outh.south-west of Dublin. The neatness and cleanliness of the town's interior, the pleasing character of its public and more prominent buiidingit, the beauteous course of the limpid and feathery Suir, the ivy-mantled, water-girt, and romantic castle of Cahir, the environing park and plantations of Lord Glengal, the undulated expanse of villa-dotted luxuriance which spreads away in the distance, and the grand perspective of the verdant and wooded declivities of the Galtee mountains, render Cahir unsurpassed for picturesqueness by any town in Munster. The parish-church is a handsome e<liiice ; the Roman Catholic chapel is a large and very graceful structure ; the sessions-house, the jail, the markethouse, the schools, and the inn, are all di-tinct and suitable in architecture ; and most of them occupy conspicuous sites, and enter well into scenic composition with the ca.stle and river and opulent environs. The jail, a short while ago, was remarkable for its dilapidated state and its bad management; but, in 1841, it underwent repair. A barrack, containing accommodation for a regiment of rivalry, stands about a mile from the town ; and, as it is generally occupied, it contributes largely to the town's bustle and gaiety. The ruins of an abbey, said to have been founded by Geoffrey de Camville, in the reign of John, for canons regular of the order of Augustine, stand H short way up the river. A fevt-r ho-pital and a di'^pensary in tiie town are within the Clouheen Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, the hospital received £-273 13s. 9d., expended £352 19s. lljd., and had 220 patients, and the dispensary received £64 7s., and made 9,188 dispensations of medicine to 3,616 patients. In 1841, a Loan Fund had a capital of £1,986, circulated £8,963 in 2,552 loans, realized £82 Is. 8d. of nett profit, and expended £5 on charitable purposes. A market is held weekly ; fairs arc held on May 26 and 27, July 20, Sept. 18 and 19, and Dec. 7 ; and both the market and the fairs are the scene of much business in the influx of com and the efflux of general merchandise. Extensive flour-mills, in the vicinity, conducted chiefly by Quakers, and actively and constantly at work, contribute largely to the support of the population. Sedulous and careful eflbrts were made to intro<Iuce straw-plaiting and the linen trade, but they almost wholly failed. Considerable stir and prosperity accrue from the thoroughfare along the two great transverse lines of road which intersect each other in the town; and some advantage is derived from favourableness of position to tourists visiting thj ^litchelstown caves, the glen of Aharlow, the (jaltee mountains, and other comparatively near objects of commanding interest. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, approaches within a mile of the town, and will effect travelling thenco to Dublin in 4 hours and 37 minutes. The inn of the town iii of recent erection, and well-kept; and is beautifully situated on the Suir. The town is greatly indebted for its extension and improvement to Richard^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

18. Cahir's picturesque setting on the river Suir

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    The town of Cahir is praised for the beautiful course of the limpid Suir and its romantic castle setting, with villa-dotted surroundings and views of the Galtee mountains. The combination renders Cahir unsurpassed for picturesqueness among Munster towns.

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    CAHIR, a market and post town in the above parish, sUnds on the river Suir, and at the intersection of the ro:ul from Dublin to Cork with the road from Waterford to Limerick. 8J miles south by west of Cashel. 13.^ north-east of Michelstown, and 87* 8outh.south-west of Dublin. The neatness and cleanliness of the town's interior, the pleasing character of its public and more prominent buiidingit, the beauteous course of the limpid and feathery Suir, the ivy-mantled, water-girt, and romantic castle of Cahir, the environing park and plantations of Lord Glengal, the undulated expanse of villa-dotted luxuriance which spreads away in the distance, and the grand perspective of the verdant and wooded declivities of the Galtee mountains, render Cahir unsurpassed for picturesqueness by any town in Munster. The parish-church is a handsome e<liiice ; the Roman Catholic chapel is a large and very graceful structure ; the sessions-house, the jail, the markethouse, the schools, and the inn, are all di-tinct and suitable in architecture ; and most of them occupy conspicuous sites, and enter well into scenic composition with the ca.stle and river and opulent environs. The jail, a short while ago, was remarkable for its dilapidated state and its bad management; but, in 1841, it underwent repair. A barrack, containing accommodation for a regiment of rivalry, stands about a mile from the town ; and, as it is generally occupied, it contributes largely to the town's bustle and gaiety. The ruins of an abbey, said to have been founded by Geoffrey de Camville, in the reign of John, for canons regular of the order of Augustine, stand H short way up the river. A fevt-r ho-pital and a di'^pensary in tiie town are within the Clouheen Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, the hospital received £-273 13s. 9d., expended £352 19s. lljd., and had 220 patients, and the dispensary received £64 7s., and made 9,188 dispensations of medicine to 3,616 patients. In 1841, a Loan Fund had a capital of £1,986, circulated £8,963 in 2,552 loans, realized £82 Is. 8d. of nett profit, and expended £5 on charitable purposes. A market is held weekly ; fairs arc held on May 26 and 27, July 20, Sept. 18 and 19, and Dec. 7 ; and both the market and the fairs are the scene of much business in the influx of com and the efflux of general merchandise. Extensive flour-mills, in the vicinity, conducted chiefly by Quakers, and actively and constantly at work, contribute largely to the support of the population. Sedulous and careful eflbrts were made to intro<Iuce straw-plaiting and the linen trade, but they almost wholly failed. Considerable stir and prosperity accrue from the thoroughfare along the two great transverse lines of road which intersect each other in the town; and some advantage is derived from favourableness of position to tourists visiting thj ^litchelstown caves, the glen of Aharlow, the (jaltee mountains, and other comparatively near objects of commanding interest. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, approaches within a mile of the town, and will effect travelling thenco to Dublin in 4 hours and 37 minutes. The inn of the town iii of recent erection, and well-kept; and is beautifully situated on the Suir. The town is greatly indebted for its extension and improvement to Richard^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

19. Cahirvalla parish transferred from city county

    Cahervally · townland · Limerick

    The parish of Cahirvalla, about 4.5 miles south by east of Limerick city, was formerly within the county of the city of Limerick but was transferred to the barony of Clanwilliam. The land was described as generally good.

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    CAHIRVALLA, or Cahira valla, a parish, 4| miles south by east of the city of Limerick, and formerly within the county of that city, but now in the barony of Clanwilliam, co. Limerick, Munster. Length, 3 miles; breadth, U; area, 3333 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,463; in 1841, 1,717. Houses 269.

    The land is in general good This parish is a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

20. Cairme lead mine near Enniscorthy

    Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford

    Cairme, a lead mine in the vicinity of Enniscorthy, belonged to the Mining Company of Ireland. Ore was conveyed by boat from Enniscorthy to Wexford for sale or shipment to the company's smelting works at Ballycorus, while supplies were sent up the Slaney to Enniscorthy.

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    CAIRME, a lead mine in the vicinity of Ennis-^ corthy, co. Wexford, Leinster. It belongs to the Mining Company of Ireland. The ore is convey^ in boats from Enniscorthy to Wexford, either for sale or for shipment to the Company's smeltinc works at Ballycorus; and supplies of timber ana other heavy materials are sent up the Shuiey to Enniscorthy, and conveyed thence to the mine on cars.

    CAIRNCASTLE. See Carncastlb.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

21. Cairn and sepulchral remains on Croaghmore summit

    Croaghmore · townland · Antrim

    Croaghmore is a lofty and conspicuous mountain in the parish of Ballintoy, barony of Carey, County Antrim. On its summit are a large cairn and other sepulchral remains, which are the subjects of numerous vague and incredible traditions.

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    ('R().-\(iH.MORPX a lofty and conspicuous mountain in the parish of Ballintoy, barony of Carey, co. Antrim. I'Uter. On its summit are a large cairn and other sepulchral remains, — the subjects of nuii?iM«iiiH vafTue and incredible traditions.

    < R(>.\G1IPATRU:K. a grajid and celebrated ii)ount<iin in the barony of Morisk, co. Mayo, Con-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

22. Calary parish uplands and lakes

    Calary · parish · Wicklow

    Calary is a quoad sacra parish in Wicklow, described as a dreary tract of moorish and boggy uplands. Lough Tay and Lough Dan lie on its western boundary at surface elevations of 607 and 685 feet, while Douce mountain on the northern frontier reaches 2,384 feet.

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    C ALARY, a parish in the baronies of Newcastle, Rathdown, and North Ballinacor, 3| miles northwest of Newtown-Mount-Keunedy, co. Wicklow, Lcinster. It is properly a quoad sacra parish, and comprises portions of the quoad civUia parishes of Kilinacanogue, Kilcoole, Derralossory, Newcastle, and Powerscourt. Length, south-eastward, 7 miles; breadth, from 1 mile to 5 miles. Area of the Newcastle section, 5,153 acres, 3 perches; of the Ruthdown section, 3,078 acres, 2 roods, 3 perches; of the Ballinacor section, 11,352 acres, 1 rood, 7 perches, — of which 99 acres, 2 roods, 27 perches are water. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,533 ; in 1841, 2,954. Houses 426. Pop., in 1841, of the Newcastle section, 1,414; of the Rathdown section, 423; of the Ballinacor section, 1,117. Houses in the Newcastle section, 218 ; in the Rath- <lown section, 52; in the Ballinacor section, 156. The surface contains some land of a middling quality; but aggregately is a dreary tract of moorish and boggy uplands and alps. Loughs Tay and Dan lie on the western boundary, and have a surface elevation above the sea of respectively 607 and 685 feet. A wing of 3} miles by 1^ projects from the northwest ; and is partly bounded by the nascent Lifiey down to the water-level of 1,256 feet, partly bounded by the Annamoc river down to Lough Tay, partly denned un the south-west by Sally-Gap at an altitude of 1,631 feet, and partly defined on the norUiea<t by Crockan Pond and War-Hill, at altitudes of 1 ,770 and 2,250 feet. The Vartry river bisects the interior from an elevation of 891 feet on the north, to the vicinity of Round wood on the south. A mountain on the north-eastern frontier, and forming the southern out-screen of the Glen of the Downs, has an altitude of 1,232 feet; and Douce mountain, on the northern frontier, and one of the monarchheights of the northern division of the county, has an altitude of 2,384 feet. The military road crosses the north-western wing; and the road from Dublin to Glendalough by way of Round wood passes down the vale of the Vartry. A dispensary in the parish is within the Rathdrum Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 3,751 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £97 lOs., and administered to 1,841 patients — This parish is a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Dublin. Gross income, £45 7s. 8d. ; nett, £33 7s. 8d. Patrons, the incumbents of Derralossory, Delgany, Powerscourt, and Newcastle. The church was built in 18:34, by means of a gift of £900 from the late Board of Fir>t Fruits. Sittings 220; attendance 40. In 18.*U, the Protestants of the Kilmacanogue section amounted to 92, and the Roman Catholics to 124; the Protestants of the Kilcoole section to 63, and the Roman Catholics to 570; the Protestants of the Dorralos-ory section to 425, and the Roman Catholics to 712; the Protestants of the Newcastle section to (U), and the Roman Catholics to 642; the Protestiints of the Powerscourt section to 0, and the Roman Catholics to 169; the Protestants of the whole parish to 040, and the Roman Catholics to 2,217.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

23. Caledon Hall, seat of the Earl of Caledon

    near Caledon · town · Tyrone

    Caledon Hall occupies comparatively high ground near the town of Caledon and is described as one of the most superb mansions in Ulster, surrounded by an extensive, well-wooded, and highly improved demesne. The elder branch of the Alexanders was represented in the reign of Charles I by Sir William Alexander.

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    C ALEDON, a market and post town in the parish of Aughaloo, barony of Dungannon, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the river Blackwater, on the eastern margin and near the southern extremity of the county, and on the road from Armagh to Aughnacloy, 1} mile north-north-west of Tynan, and 8 north-north-east of Monaghan. Previous to 1816, it was a poor village, but now it is one of the most neat and beautiful small towns in the kingdom. Both the town itself, and its thickly peopled and exquisitely though softly contoured environs, owe their improvement to the taste, liberality, and patriotism of the Earl of Caledon. The site is low, and closely adjacent to the river; but is so immediately zoned and overhung by the richly decorated groundls of Caledon demesne, and bv fertile and finely undulated tillage lands, as to blend in pictorial composition with these expressive and pleasant features of landscape. The town contains several private houses in the picturesque old English style, upwards of 150 well-built private houses, an elegant parish-church, a Methodist chapel, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, several schools, and one of the largest and best contrived corn-mills in Ireland. The dispensary is within the Armagh Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 19,583 acres, with a population of 10,141 ; and, in 1839, it expended £99 6s., and administered to 1,531 patients. A great part of the wheat grown in the surrounding country is sold at the town's markets; and some business is done in the linen trade. Fairs are held on June 21 and Aug. 21. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a car to Armagh and three cars in transit between Armagh and respectively Aughnacloy, Monaghan, and Clogher. The Ulster C^al passes along the southern environs, and is crossed at about three-fourths of a mile's distance by the road to Tynan. Caledon Hall, the seat of the Earl of Caledon, occupies comparatively high ground, in the immediate vicinity of the town : it is one of the most superb mansions in Ulster: and is surrounded by an extensive, wellwooded, and highly improved demesne. The elder branch of the Alexanders, now Earls of Caledon, was represented in the reign of Charles I. by Sir William Alexander, of Menstrie, secretary to that monarch, and afterwards Earl of Stirling, in the peerage of Scotland. Area of the town, 45 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,079; in 1841, 1,046. Houses 171. Families emploved chiefly in agriculture, 83; in manufactures and trade, 86; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 18 ; on the directing of labour, 82; on their own manual labour, 106; on means not specified, 15.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

24. Caledon town transformed by Earl of Caledon

    near Caledon · town · Tyrone · 1816

    Caledon in Tyrone was a poor village before 1816 but became one of the neatest small towns in the kingdom through the taste and liberality of the Earl of Caledon. The town contains upwards of 150 well-built private houses, an elegant parish church, and one of the largest corn-mills in Ireland.

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    C ALEDON, a market and post town in the parish of Aughaloo, barony of Dungannon, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the river Blackwater, on the eastern margin and near the southern extremity of the county, and on the road from Armagh to Aughnacloy, 1} mile north-north-west of Tynan, and 8 north-north-east of Monaghan. Previous to 1816, it was a poor village, but now it is one of the most neat and beautiful small towns in the kingdom. Both the town itself, and its thickly peopled and exquisitely though softly contoured environs, owe their improvement to the taste, liberality, and patriotism of the Earl of Caledon. The site is low, and closely adjacent to the river; but is so immediately zoned and overhung by the richly decorated groundls of Caledon demesne, and bv fertile and finely undulated tillage lands, as to blend in pictorial composition with these expressive and pleasant features of landscape. The town contains several private houses in the picturesque old English style, upwards of 150 well-built private houses, an elegant parish-church, a Methodist chapel, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, several schools, and one of the largest and best contrived corn-mills in Ireland. The dispensary is within the Armagh Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 19,583 acres, with a population of 10,141 ; and, in 1839, it expended £99 6s., and administered to 1,531 patients. A great part of the wheat grown in the surrounding country is sold at the town's markets; and some business is done in the linen trade. Fairs are held on June 21 and Aug. 21. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a car to Armagh and three cars in transit between Armagh and respectively Aughnacloy, Monaghan, and Clogher. The Ulster C^al passes along the southern environs, and is crossed at about three-fourths of a mile's distance by the road to Tynan. Caledon Hall, the seat of the Earl of Caledon, occupies comparatively high ground, in the immediate vicinity of the town : it is one of the most superb mansions in Ulster: and is surrounded by an extensive, wellwooded, and highly improved demesne. The elder branch of the Alexanders, now Earls of Caledon, was represented in the reign of Charles I. by Sir William Alexander, of Menstrie, secretary to that monarch, and afterwards Earl of Stirling, in the peerage of Scotland. Area of the town, 45 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,079; in 1841, 1,046. Houses 171. Families emploved chiefly in agriculture, 83; in manufactures and trade, 86; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 18 ; on the directing of labour, 82; on their own manual labour, 106; on means not specified, 15.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

25. Callan: ancient lordship, walled town and Knights of Callan

    Callan · town · Kilkenny

    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of the O'Glogherneys and O'Caillys, and later held castles of the Fforstalls, Butlers, and Comerfords. The Fforstalls were long distinguished as Knights of Callan, and murage records prove the town was walled. The Agar and Fielding families later drew peerage titles from Callan.

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    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of Ihe 0*Glogherneys and the O'Caillys or O'Callans ; and, in later times, it was the site of castles belonging to the Fforstalls, the Butlers, and the Comerfords, the first of whom were distinguished, for many a^es, by the title of Knights of Callan, Records which have been preserved of various grants of murage to the local authorities, prove that the town anciently was walled. In 1345, a parliament was summoned by the Earl of Desmond to be held at Callan, in opposition to one summoned b^ the Lord-deputy ; but, in consequence of the activity of the Earl's opponent, it was prevented from assembling. In 1405, a fierce battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord-lieutenant, and O'Carroll at the head of his own followers and of the Tipperary sept of Burkcens ; and, in the course of it, O'CarroU was slain. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond took the town, and held it for some time against the Queen's forces ; and, in 1650, it resisted for a few days, at great expense of blood, the victorious arms

    of Cromwell, and eventually was captured The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

26. Callan: battle of Ormond and O'Carroll, 1405

    Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1405

    In 1405 a fierce battle was fought near Callan between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, and O'Carroll leading his own followers and the Tipperary sept of Burkcens. O'Carroll was slain in the course of the battle.

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    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of Ihe 0*Glogherneys and the O'Caillys or O'Callans ; and, in later times, it was the site of castles belonging to the Fforstalls, the Butlers, and the Comerfords, the first of whom were distinguished, for many a^es, by the title of Knights of Callan, Records which have been preserved of various grants of murage to the local authorities, prove that the town anciently was walled. In 1345, a parliament was summoned by the Earl of Desmond to be held at Callan, in opposition to one summoned b^ the Lord-deputy ; but, in consequence of the activity of the Earl's opponent, it was prevented from assembling. In 1405, a fierce battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord-lieutenant, and O'Carroll at the head of his own followers and of the Tipperary sept of Burkcens ; and, in the course of it, O'CarroU was slain. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond took the town, and held it for some time against the Queen's forces ; and, in 1650, it resisted for a few days, at great expense of blood, the victorious arms

    of Cromwell, and eventually was captured The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

27. Callan: Cromwell's capture of the walled town, 1650

    Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1650

    In 1650 Callan resisted the victorious forces of Cromwell for a few days at great expense of blood before eventually being captured.

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    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of Ihe 0*Glogherneys and the O'Caillys or O'Callans ; and, in later times, it was the site of castles belonging to the Fforstalls, the Butlers, and the Comerfords, the first of whom were distinguished, for many a^es, by the title of Knights of Callan, Records which have been preserved of various grants of murage to the local authorities, prove that the town anciently was walled. In 1345, a parliament was summoned by the Earl of Desmond to be held at Callan, in opposition to one summoned b^ the Lord-deputy ; but, in consequence of the activity of the Earl's opponent, it was prevented from assembling. In 1405, a fierce battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord-lieutenant, and O'Carroll at the head of his own followers and of the Tipperary sept of Burkcens ; and, in the course of it, O'CarroU was slain. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond took the town, and held it for some time against the Queen's forces ; and, in 1650, it resisted for a few days, at great expense of blood, the victorious arms

    of Cromwell, and eventually was captured The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

28. Callan: James Fitzmaurice takes the town for Desmond

    Callan · town · Kilkenny

    During the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond captured Callan and held it for some time against the Queen's forces.

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    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of Ihe 0*Glogherneys and the O'Caillys or O'Callans ; and, in later times, it was the site of castles belonging to the Fforstalls, the Butlers, and the Comerfords, the first of whom were distinguished, for many a^es, by the title of Knights of Callan, Records which have been preserved of various grants of murage to the local authorities, prove that the town anciently was walled. In 1345, a parliament was summoned by the Earl of Desmond to be held at Callan, in opposition to one summoned b^ the Lord-deputy ; but, in consequence of the activity of the Earl's opponent, it was prevented from assembling. In 1405, a fierce battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord-lieutenant, and O'Carroll at the head of his own followers and of the Tipperary sept of Burkcens ; and, in the course of it, O'CarroU was slain. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond took the town, and held it for some time against the Queen's forces ; and, in 1650, it resisted for a few days, at great expense of blood, the victorious arms

    of Cromwell, and eventually was captured The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

29. Callan parish seats and old church

    Callan · town · Kilkenny

    Callan parish in County Kilkenny features notable seats including Westcourt, the residence of Rev. C. B. Stephenson, and Harley-park, the seat of J. P. Poe. The parish church of Callan is described as a very old edifice.

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    watered by the small stream called the King's river. Westcourt, the seat of the Rev. C. B. Stephenson, adjoins the town ; and Harley-park, the seat of J. P. Poe, Esq., is situated to the north. The two highest grounds are situated on respectively the south and the north borders; and they have an altitude, the former of 260 feet, and the latter of 308 feet. Other objects of interest belong to the

    notice of the town This parish is a rectory in the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

30. Callan: rival parliament summoned by Earl of Desmond, 1345

    Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1345

    In 1345 the Earl of Desmond summoned a parliament to be held at Callan in opposition to one called by the Lord-deputy. The Earl's opponent's activity prevented the parliament from assembling.

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    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The territory of Callan was anciently the lordship of Ihe 0*Glogherneys and the O'Caillys or O'Callans ; and, in later times, it was the site of castles belonging to the Fforstalls, the Butlers, and the Comerfords, the first of whom were distinguished, for many a^es, by the title of Knights of Callan, Records which have been preserved of various grants of murage to the local authorities, prove that the town anciently was walled. In 1345, a parliament was summoned by the Earl of Desmond to be held at Callan, in opposition to one summoned b^ the Lord-deputy ; but, in consequence of the activity of the Earl's opponent, it was prevented from assembling. In 1405, a fierce battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormond, Lord-deputy to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord-lieutenant, and O'Carroll at the head of his own followers and of the Tipperary sept of Burkcens ; and, in the course of it, O'CarroU was slain. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitzmaurice of Desmond took the town, and held it for some time against the Queen's forces ; and, in 1650, it resisted for a few days, at great expense of blood, the victorious arms

    of Cromwell, and eventually was captured The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

31. Callan's ancient borough status and charters

    Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1329–1830

    Callan was a borough by prescription with multiple charters dating back to the reign of Edward III. Its corporation was controlled by Lord Clifden until the borough was disfranchised at the Legislative Union.

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    Callan is said to have been a borough by prescription ; and it had charters or equivalent documents of 3 Edward IIL, 4 and 19 Richard IL, 4 Henry IV., 11 Elizabeth, 7 Charles I., 3 James IL, and 30 George IIL The limits of the old borough were identical with those of the parish, and passed at distances of from half-a-mile to nearly 2 miles from the town ; but the limits under the new arrangements enclose a space of only about three-fourths of a mile by half-a-mile statute measure. The corporation, according to charter, was styled * The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Freemen, of Callan ;' and consisted of a sovereign and an undefined number of burgesses and freemen. Previous to the Reform act, the sovereign was practically and absolutely appointed by Lord Clifden; he had been the same individual from 1823; and he was the principal magistrate of the town, and presided in the town court ; and the burgesses and freemen appeared to be mutually identical, were elected or admitted for life, and amounted in number to about 20. When the borough was disfranchised at the Legislative Union, George, Lord Callan, received the whole £15,000 of compensation. The property of the corporation, in lands, yields about £10 a-year; and. in customs, about £50; and its expenditure, during the year preceding the Municipal Corporation Inquiry, was £30 of salary to the sovereign, and £39 16s. for other objects. Mr. Inglis' statement respecting the customs levied, though severe, and also exaggerated as to the total amount, is so substantially correct that we copy it: " Will it be credited, that a toll is levied on the entranot

    CAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

32. Callan town's wretched condition

    Callan · town · Kilkenny

    Though once a parliamentary borough of comparative importance, the town of Callan in County Kilkenny became infamous for its extreme poverty and ruined streets. Mr. Inglis noted the mail-coach required 12 extra minutes to navigate the execrable thoroughfares.

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    CALLAN, a market and post town, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the above parish, stands on the Kind's river, and on the road from Kilkenny to ClonmeT, 6 miles south-west of Kilkenny, 17 north-east by north of Clonmel, and 65^ south-west by south of Dublin. One street, bearing in diflTerent parts the names of East-street and West^treet, runs about 800 vards parallel with the right bank of the river; another street, called Green-street, and extending about 500 yards, intersects the former at right angles, and terminates at the bridge; and • street, in continuation of Green-street, but on the opposite side of the river, speedily forks into two streets, each about 200 yards long. All other parts of the town are either subordinate thoroughfiues or straggling outskirts. Though Callan was onoe a place of comparatively high importance, it has long been lugubriously known to fame as the very impersonation of Irish poverty and wretchedness. Mr. Inglis, who visited it within the last eight years, says, ** In so execrable a condition are the streets of this town, that the mail-coach, in passing through it, is allowed 12 minutes extra,— an indulgence whidi can surprise no one who drives, or rather attempta to drive, through the street; for no one who has the use of his limbs would consent to be driven. • • I had not yet seen in Ireland any town in so wretched a condition as this. I arrived in it very early in the morning ; and having been promised breakfittt at a grocer's shop (for there is no inn in Callan), I walked through the outskirts of the town, and round a IHtlo

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

33. Calry church built 1824 with Board of First Fruits support

    Calry · parish · Sligo · 1824

    The church in Calry parish was built in 1824 at a cost of over £5,246, partly funded by subscription and pew sales, with a loan and gift from the Board of First Fruits. It had 900 sittings and an attendance of 500.

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    6,045. Houses 1,078. Pop. of the rural districta, in 1831, 2,679; in 1841, 3,221. Houses, 514. The surface partakes richly of both the natural picturesqueness and the artificial embellishment which so highly distinguish the environs of Sligo; and presents great variety to both the agriculturist and the lover of scenery, from waste and rugged land to the romance of lake and river basin, and the luxuriance of fertile fields, ornate villas, and beautified demesnes. But its chief features will be noticed under the words Slioo, Gill (Lough), and Hazlewood: which see. About 3,400 acres are rough land and mountain. The highest ground is on the eastern frontier, and has an altitude of 1,430 feet. The principal small lakes are Colgagh and Analteen. The chief country residences are Hazlewood, Percr^mount, Ballytivnan, Marlbrook, Wellsborough, Colgagh, Willowbrook, Rathbraghan, Auburn, and Ballyglass. — This parish is at once a rectory, a vicarage, and a perpetual curacy, in the dio. of Elphin. The rectory IS impropriate in the vicars choral of the two cathedrals of Dublin. Tithe composition, £163 Sa. lOd. The vicarage is part of the benefice of St. John's: see John's (St.). Vicarial tithe composition, £163 Ss. lOd. The perpetual curacy is a sepa^ rate benefice. Gross income, £76 5s. ; nctt, £74 8s. Patron, the incumbent of St. John's. The church was built in 1824, at the cost of £5,246 15s. 3d., — of which sum £823 7s. 8d. was raised by subscription and the sale of pews, £830 158. lOd. was lent by the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was gift«d by that Board. Sittings 900 ; attendance 500. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 400; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of St. John's and Kiliaspickbrone. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2.037 Churchmen, 100 Presbyterians, 10 other Protestant dissenters, and 4,154 Roman Catholics; a Sunday school at Hazlewood had on its books 7 boys and 13 girls; and 4 daily schools, — one of which was aided with £20 a-year from subscription, one with £16 a-year from the London Ladies' Society, and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society, and one with an endowment of £100 from Sir Erasmus Smith — had on their books 169 boys and 101 giris.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

34. Calry parish: picturesque landscape and country residences near Sligo

    Calry · parish · Sligo

    The parish of Calry in County Sligo presents great variety of landscape, from rugged waste land to the romance of lake and river basin, with ornate villas and beautified demesnes. Numerous country residences including Hazlewood, Ballytivnan, and Rathbraghan are noted among its chief features.

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    6,045. Houses 1,078. Pop. of the rural districta, in 1831, 2,679; in 1841, 3,221. Houses, 514. The surface partakes richly of both the natural picturesqueness and the artificial embellishment which so highly distinguish the environs of Sligo; and presents great variety to both the agriculturist and the lover of scenery, from waste and rugged land to the romance of lake and river basin, and the luxuriance of fertile fields, ornate villas, and beautified demesnes. But its chief features will be noticed under the words Slioo, Gill (Lough), and Hazlewood: which see. About 3,400 acres are rough land and mountain. The highest ground is on the eastern frontier, and has an altitude of 1,430 feet. The principal small lakes are Colgagh and Analteen. The chief country residences are Hazlewood, Percr^mount, Ballytivnan, Marlbrook, Wellsborough, Colgagh, Willowbrook, Rathbraghan, Auburn, and Ballyglass. — This parish is at once a rectory, a vicarage, and a perpetual curacy, in the dio. of Elphin. The rectory IS impropriate in the vicars choral of the two cathedrals of Dublin. Tithe composition, £163 Sa. lOd. The vicarage is part of the benefice of St. John's: see John's (St.). Vicarial tithe composition, £163 Ss. lOd. The perpetual curacy is a sepa^ rate benefice. Gross income, £76 5s. ; nctt, £74 8s. Patron, the incumbent of St. John's. The church was built in 1824, at the cost of £5,246 15s. 3d., — of which sum £823 7s. 8d. was raised by subscription and the sale of pews, £830 158. lOd. was lent by the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was gift«d by that Board. Sittings 900 ; attendance 500. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 400; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of St. John's and Kiliaspickbrone. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2.037 Churchmen, 100 Presbyterians, 10 other Protestant dissenters, and 4,154 Roman Catholics; a Sunday school at Hazlewood had on its books 7 boys and 13 girls; and 4 daily schools, — one of which was aided with £20 a-year from subscription, one with £16 a-year from the London Ladies' Society, and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society, and one with an endowment of £100 from Sir Erasmus Smith — had on their books 169 boys and 101 giris.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

35. Calverstown estate: improvements of Robert Burrowes

    Calverstown · town · Kildare

    The estate of Calverstown in County Kildare, property of Robert Burrowes, features extensive plantations, neat farm-houses, and other results of a judicious spirit of improvement that stand out in the flat surrounding country.

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    CALVERSTOWN, a village in the parish of Davidstown, barony of East Narragh and Rheban. CO. Kildare, Leinster. It stands about a mile northnorth-east of Ballytore. Fairs are held on May 1« and Sept. 21. Pop., in 1831, 150; in 1841, uot specially returned. 'The estate of Calverstown, the property of Robert Burro wes, Esq., presents features which arrest attention in the fiat country amidst which it lies, particularly extensive plantations, neat and comfortable farm-houses, and other results of a judicious spirit of improvement.

    CALVES, three islands off the entrance of Row-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

36. Camlough parish church built 1776 by Board of First Fruits

    near Camlough · village · Armagh · 1776–1834

    The Church of Ireland church in Camlough parish, co. Armagh, was built around 1776 by the Board of First Fruits. It seated 140 people but had an attendance of only 50 to 65 in the 1830s. The parish also had Roman Catholic chapels at Lesha and Carracruppon.

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    and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Armagh. Composition for the tithes of 5 tovmlands assigned to the curate, £145 Is. ; glebe, £50. Gross income, £195 Is. ; nett, £181 8s. Patron, the incumbent of Killevy. The church was built about the year 1776, by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittmgs 140; attendance, from 50 to 65. Two Roman CathoUe chapels at Lesha and Carracruppon are attended bjr respectively 600 and 750 ; and, \\\ the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are united to the chapel of Lessummor. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 301 Churchmen, 798 Presbyterians, and 4.890 Roman Catholics; and 3 daily schools— one of which was aided with a salary of £20, and an occasional ffratuity of £10, from the Board of Erasmus Smith.* bad on their books 139 boys and 59 girls.

    CAMMA, a parish nearly in the centre of the barony of Athlone, 8 miles north-north-west of the town of Athlone, co. Roscommon, Connauj^ht. It contains the village of CuBaAooBOT : which see. Length, south-eastward, 5| miles; breadth, 3| ; area, 12,403 acres, 1 rood, 13 perches, — of which 570 acres, 39 perches, arc water. Pop., in 1831, 4,114; in l&ll, 3.830. Houses 707. The sur&ce is covered in general with a light soil ; and is drained south-eastward by a rivulet which falls into the Shannon at Athlone. The mater portion of thA water area consists of part of Lough Ballagh, lyin^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

37. Camlough rivulet's remarkable water-power and mills

    near Camlough · village · Armagh

    The rivulet issuing from Camlough lake in co. Armagh runs only about 4 miles to the Newry Canal but is so narrow, rapid, and steeply descending that it powers numerous mills in succession. Sir Charles Coote noted the falls were so sudden no mill-pond was needed, each tail-race feeding the next mill below.

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    CAMLOUGH (The\ a lake and a rivukt of co. Armagh, Ulster. The lake lies near tjie north base of Slievegullion, in the parish of Killevy, and barony of Upper Orior, 3^ miles west of Newry ; but, though one of the largest in the county, it would be rated as of very inferior magnitude in some neighbouring counties. The rivulet issues from the lake, and has a course of only about 4 miles north-eastward to the Newry Canal ; yet it is so narrow and rapid, and has so great and gradual a descent as to be more valuable for its water-power than some of the secondrate rivers of the kingdom. The amount of business performed in the numerous mills on the stream is astonishing. "The falls of the stream," says Sir Charles Coote, "are so sudden, that no head of water is required as a mill-pond for any of the works, the tail-race of the higher mill l>eing the head of the next below, and so in succession till it reaches the valley."

    CAMLOUGH, or Camlaght, k quoad Bacra parish, in the quoad civHia parish of Killevy, barony of Upper Orior, 3 miles west of Newry, co. Armagh, Ulster. Length, 4 miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, about 9,649 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,822. About one-fifth of the area consists of lake, bog, and waste moun^ tain ; and the remainder is pasture and tillage ground. The surface is drained into the lake noticed in the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

38. Camolin post-town and its demesne seats

    Camolin · town · Wexford

    Camolin is a small post-town on the river Bann in co. Wexford, on the Dublin-to-Wexford mail-road. Nearby seats include Camolin Park (the Earl Mountnorris), Norrismount, Medop Hall, and Ballymore.

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    CAMOLIN, a small post-town in the parish of Tomb and barony of Scarewalsh, co. Wexford, Leinster. It stands on the river Bann, and on the mail-road from Dublin to Wexford, 5k miles southwest of Gorey, 8| north-north-east of Enniscorthy, and 53^ south by west of Dublin. Fairs are held on June 9, Aug. 9, and Nov. 9. A little to the west of it is Camolin Park, the handsome scat of the Earl Mountnorris ; a little to the east are Norrismount and Medop Hall, the seats of R. Brownrigg and T. Smith, Esqrs. ; and on the rising grounds, on the same side, is Ballymore, the seat of R. Donovan, Esq. The village' gives name to a parish in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement. See Tomb. Area of the village, 40 acres. Pop., in 1831, 639; in 1841, 561. Houses 93.

    C AMR OSS, a hill on the mutual border of the baronies of Bantry and Shelmalier, 2| miles northwest of Taghmon, co. Wexford, Leinster. It serves, with other heights in the vicinity, agreeably to vary a rich champaign country. Some Culdee establishment appears to have existed on or near the hill ; and, of course^ is manufactured by ArchdaU into an

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

39. Canon-Island priory founded by Donald O'Brien

    Canon Island · townland · Clare · 1100–1605

    Canon-Island (Canna) in co. Clare is an islet at the confluence of the Fergus and Shannon. In the 12th century, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, founded a priory here for Augustinian canons; its ruins still exist. At the dissolution it held substantial island and tithe possessions.

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    CANON-ISLAND, or Canna, an islet in the barony of Clonderalaw, co. Clare, Munster. It is about a mile long, lies about 1} mile east of Kildysart, and is one of a cluster of islets at the confluence of the Fergus with the Shannon. Its present Irish name is Elanagrannoch, and its ancient name wa^ Innisnegananagh. In the 1 2th century, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, founded a priory here for canons regular of the order of St. Augustine. At the dissolution, this establishment possessed the island on which it stood, consisting of 4i acres of arable ground, and 14 of upland and pasture, — three other islands in the vicinity, then called Inishorlth, Iniskeirke, and Inistubred, but now called Horse- Island, Inishark, and Inistubber, — 13 acres of mountain at Iniskedragh, near the Gal way river, — and two parts of the rectorial tithes of Kildysart, and of the vicarial tithes of Kilchrist; and a moiety of these possessions, together with other ecclesiastical property, was granted, in 1605, to Donough, Earl of Thomoiid. The ruins of the priory still exist.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

40. Canon-Island priory ruins still extant

    Canon Island · townland · Clare · 1605–1846

    The ruins of the Augustinian priory on Canon-Island in co. Clare, founded by Donald O'Brien in the 12th century, were still standing at the time of writing. A moiety of the priory's possessions was granted in 1605 to Donough, Earl of Thomond.

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    CANON-ISLAND, or Canna, an islet in the barony of Clonderalaw, co. Clare, Munster. It is about a mile long, lies about 1} mile east of Kildysart, and is one of a cluster of islets at the confluence of the Fergus with the Shannon. Its present Irish name is Elanagrannoch, and its ancient name wa^ Innisnegananagh. In the 1 2th century, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, founded a priory here for canons regular of the order of St. Augustine. At the dissolution, this establishment possessed the island on which it stood, consisting of 4i acres of arable ground, and 14 of upland and pasture, — three other islands in the vicinity, then called Inishorlth, Iniskeirke, and Inistubred, but now called Horse- Island, Inishark, and Inistubber, — 13 acres of mountain at Iniskedragh, near the Gal way river, — and two parts of the rectorial tithes of Kildysart, and of the vicarial tithes of Kilchrist; and a moiety of these possessions, together with other ecclesiastical property, was granted, in 1605, to Donough, Earl of Thomoiid. The ruins of the priory still exist.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

41. Cappagh Castle ruins near Rathkeale

    Cappagh · townland · Limerick

    The tall ruins of Cappagh-castle stand in the parish of Cappagh, County Limerick, and are described as an arresting feature visible from the Limerick and Killarney road. The surrounding parochial surface is flat and agriculturally poor.

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    CAPPAGH, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the barony of Lower Connello, 2f miles north-north-east of Rathkeale, co. Limerick, Munster. Area, 1,268 acres. Pop., in 1831,694 ; in 1641, 755. Houses 108. Area of the village, 82 acres. Pop., in 1841, 108. Houses 20. The parochial surface is flat, without character, and agriculturally poor. The tall ruins of Cappagh-castle are rather an arresting feature, as seen from the Limerick and Killarney road a little to the south. — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of St. Mary's, in the dio. of Limerick. See Limerick. Tithe composition, £95. The curate of the adjoining parish of Creagh receives £5 a-year for performing tiie occasional duties. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about 530 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels in the parish of Kilcoman. In 1894^ the parbhioners consisted of 10 Churchmen, 6 Protestant dissenters, and 706 Roman CathoUcs; and a pay daily school was attended bv about 140 children.

    CAPPAGH, a parish, partly in the barony of Onuigh, but chiefly in that of Strabane, 2^ miles north of Omagh, co. Tyrone, Ulster. Its outline is nearly circular, with a diameter of 9 miles. Area of the Omagh section, 3,043 acres, 3 roods, 12 perches, — of which 64 acres, 2 roods, 38 perches, are water. Area of the Strabane section, 34,024 acres, 2 roods, 17 perches,— of which 202 acres, 14 perches, are water. Pop. of the whole, in 1831. 13,589; in 1841, 13,330. Houses 2.326. Pop. of the Strabane section, in 1831, 11,145; in 184], 11,523. Houses 2,005. The quoad civilia parish includes the quoad tacra parish of Mounthbld, and the ecclesiastically extra-parochial district of Don- ^ohenbie: see these articles. The surface comprises part of the vale of the Strule river, the gleni

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

42. Cappagh Hill copper mine and slate quarries

    Skibbereen · town · Cork

    The West Cork Mining Company opened a copper mine on Cappagh Hill on Lord Audley's estate near Skibbereen, also quarrying excellent slates for the English market. The workings were near Audley Cove, from where produce could be transported in reasonably large vessels.

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    CAPPAGH-HILL, or Audlet, a copper mine in the ncinity of Skibbereen, district of Carbery, ca Cork, Munster. The West Cork Mining Company have rented and opened a copper mine in Cappaghbill, and are also quarrying m its vicinity excellent slates for the markets of England. The mine and quarries are on the estate of Lord Audley, and in the near neighbourhood of Audley Cove, whence their produce can be transported in tolerably large ve»els.

    (WPPAGHWHITE, a small post-town in the parish of Toem, barony of Upper Kilnemanagh, co. 1.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

43. Cappoquin castle garrisoned and captured in 1640s

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford · 1642–1645

    A castle built at Cappoquin by the Fitzgerald family was garrisoned during the 17th-century civil war by Captain Hugh Croker for the Earl of Cork. In 1642 Lord Broghill defeated a rebel party near the town, killing 2 captains and 200 men, and in 1645 Lord Castlehaven captured the castle after obstinate resistance; the pile was later entirely modernised.

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    hastening to pay tribute to the monarch river ; and it borrows much embellishment from the immediate vicinity of Cappoquin-house and demesne. The town was anciently a great thoroughfare, and commanded an ancient bridge across the Blackwater. An act of 17 and 18 Charles II. commanded a bridge to be built here ; but employed language in the preamble which implied that a previous one existed. The bridge, though a Wooden one, possesses interest from its antiquity ; yet, 8 or 9 years ago, it became so crazy that it could be made to oscillate from end to end by a single individual. A castle was built at Cappoquin by the Fitzgerald family ; though at what time is uncertain. This castle was garrisoned, during the civil war of the 17th century, by Capt. Hugh Croker, for theZarl of Cork ; in 1642, a party of rebels took post in the vicinity, and were defeated, with the loss of 2 captains and 200 men, by Lord Broghill ; and, in 1645, the ca&tle, after an obstinate resistance, was captured by Lord Castlehaven. The pile was long ago entirely modernized. Cappoquin<

    and Donore House and Donore Lodge are situated

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

44. Cappoquin's scenic site on the Blackwater

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford

    Cappoquin occupies undulated ground at the base of heights rising toward Knockmealdown, at the angular bend of the Blackwater where it turns from easterly to southerly. The site commands noble picturesque reaches along the river and is embellished by the vicinity of Cappoquin House and demesne.

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    ro. Waterford. It stands on the road from Cork to "NVatprford, 2^ miles east by north of Lismore, and 8] miles north-west of Dungarvan. Its site is singularly beautiful ; it consists of undulated ground, at the base of heights which slowly soar lioft till they blend with the cloud-cleaving altitudes of Knock meledown ; it occurs at the knee or angular bend of the Blackwater, where that magnincent river wheels suddenly from an easterly to a southerly cour^^e ; it commands, at various points, noble reaches of picturesque view along the Blackwater's exult-

    CARAGH, Carooh, or Carragh, a parish <n the southern border of the barony of Clane, 2^ milei north-west of Naas, co. Kildare, Leinster. Length, southward, 3 miles ; breadth, from 1 to 2| ; area, 3J33 acres, 3 roods, 19 perches, — of which 21 acres, 2 roods are in the river Liffey. Pop., in 1831, 1,031; In 1S41, 921. Houses 147- The snr&ce consists partly of bog, but chiefly of good land ; and is washed by the Liffey on the east, a small affluent of that river on the south, and the Grand Canal on the north. Yeomanstown, the seat of Walter H.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

45. Cappoquin town and its churches

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford · 1831–1839

    Cappoquin sits on a high natural terrace above the Blackwater, commanding prospects of the vale. The town has a church with a pretty spire, a Roman Catholic chapel with attendance of 3,000, a dispensary, and a barrack. The Blackwater is navigable to the town for barges, and fairs are held five times a year.

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    situated on a high natural terrace above the town ; and commands brilliant and prolonged prospects of the vale of the Blackwater both to the west and to the south. In the vicinity of the tovvn is a commodious barrack. A church in the town lifts a very pretty spire from among a cluster of cabins ; has an average attendance of fro^ 50 to 60 ; and is variously regarded as a separate parish-church, and as achapefof-ease to Lispiore. The population-books of 1831 treat Cappoquin as a parish ; while ecclesiastical documents include ivot only the territory around the town, but the town itself, in the parish of Lismora. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 3.000, is served by 3 ofBciates, and is the only chapel in the parish of Cappoquin as defined in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement. A dispensary in the town is within the Lismore Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 14,155 ; and, in ia39, it received £164 8s. 8d., expended £112 lOs., and administered to 1,752 patients. Fairs are held on March 17, May 31, July 5, Sept. ?0, and Oct. 14. The Blackwater is navigable to Cappoquin for barges. This town is decidedly more neat and cleanly than the majority of Irish towns of its size. Mr. Inglis, noticing it on his way to the Trappist establishment, 4 miles distant, on the mountain road to Clogheen, says, ** Cappoquin, prettilv situated, iust at the turn of the river, is rather a cljcan little village, consisting of one street, which at the upper end degenerates into a suburb of cabins. Beyond this, the road climbs up the side of a deep wooded dell, and gradually rises till it leaves cultivation behind, and enters upon the moor and bog land which stretches overall the neighbouring mountains." Pop. of Cappoquin, regarded as a parish, in 1831, 6,131. Area ot the town, 42 acres. Pop.,in 1831,2,289; in 1641,2,341. Houses 316. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 166; in manufactures and trade, 194 ; m other pursuits, 1 12. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 16; on the directing of labour, 219; on their pwn maniud labour, 206; on meaps not specified, 31.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

46. Captain Duckworth's mansion overlooking Lough Key

    near Lough Key · lake or lakes · Roscommon

    Captain Duckworth, noted as the improver of Carrick-on-Shannon, built a three-story mansion near Lough Key a few years before the text was written. The mansion boasts a beautiful view of the lake's islets and wooded shores.

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    cipal height on the west border has an altitude of 663 feet The chief seats are Frybrook, in the immediate vicinity of the town; Knockadoo, the seat of Owen Lloyd, Esq., on the road to French' park; Bally more, 1^ mile south of Knockadoo; Cro^han, the seat of Guy Lloyd, Esq., on the road to Elphin ; and a mansion of three stories, built a few years ago by Capt. Duckworth, the improver of Camck-on-Shaimon, and commanding a very beautiful view of the isleted expanse and the wooded

    shores of Lough Key This parish is a vicarage in

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

47. Carbery barony coastline and conspicuous features, Sligo

    Carbury · barony · Sligo · 1831–1841

    The barony of Carbery in northeast Sligo is noted for the indentations and coast-line of Sligo Bay, the gorgeous shores of Lough Gill on its southern border, the environs of Sligo town, and the verdant Benbulben near the centre. The soil ranges from thin turf and sandy loam in the north to fertile limestone loam in the south.

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    CARBERY, a barony in the extreme north or north-east of co. Sligo, Connaught. It is bounded, on the north-west and north, by Donegal bay ; on the east, by the county of Leitrim ; on the south, by the baronies of 'Tiraghrill and Leney ; and on the west, by Sligo bay. It is about 3 miles lonj^ and 9 broad; but, except at three places where it is projected westward in peninsula, it has a breadth of only from 2 to 4i miles. Ito area is 78,884 aeres. The indentations and coast-line of Sligo bay along the west^ the gorgeous shores of Lough Gill on the southern , border, the immediate environs of the town of Sligo, and the beautiful outline of the verdant Benbulben, not far from the centre of the barony, are the most conspicuous features. See Suoo, Gill, and Bbn- BULBEN. The soil of the northern third of the barony is either a thin turf mess, on a bottom of sandstone gravel, or a thin, sandy, gravelly loam, mixed with roundish white stones, — cold, infertile, and skirted with considerable tracts of bog ; that of the central third is in general a light mixture of bog, sand, gravel, and snoall boulders on a strong gravelly bottom, — tolerably productive of potatoes, oats, and barley ; and in the southern third, it varies from soil such as the former, to good, fertile loam, on limestone reck and gravel, — the latter preponderating throughout the town's beautiful and picturesque environs.—- This barony contains part ef the parish of Ressinver, and the whole of the parishes of AhampUsh, Calry» Drumdifie, Killaspicbrone, Kilmacowan, and 8t. John. Its only town is Sligo, and its chief villages are BaUintemple, Grange, Roughley, and Upper Rosses. Pop., in 1831, 48,887; in 1841, 46,597. Houses 7,820. Familes employed chiefly in agriculture, 5,400; in manufactures and trade, 2,069; in other pursuits, 1,004. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 6,865; who could read but not write, 2,667; who could neither read nor write, U,026. Females at and above 5 yean of age who could read and write, 3,198; who could read

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 184

48. Carbery barony landscape and canal crossings, Kildare

    Carbury · townland · Kildare · 1831–1841

    The barony of Carbery in northwest Kildare covers 48,287 acres, nearly one-third of which consists of part of the Bog of Allen, with most of the remainder having a flat and tame aspect. The Grand Canal crosses the south end, the Royal Canal impinges on the north, and the Boyne and Blackwater are the chief streams, though nearly stagnant. Johnstown is the only noticeable village.

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    CARBERY, a barony in the north-west comer of CO. Kildare, Leinster. It is bounded, on the west and north, by co. Meath ; on the east, by the barony of Ikeathy and Oughterany ; and on the south, l^ the barony of Ckme. Its greatest length is 1 1 miles ; its greatest breadth, 9^ ; and its area, 48,287 acres. Very nearly one-third of the whole area consists of part of the Bog of Allen ; and most of the remainder has a flat and very tame aspect. The Grand Canal crosses the south end, and the Royal Canal impinges on the north. The Boyne and the Blackwater are the chief streams, or rather drains ; for, in common with nearly every other drainage within the limits,

    they are aunost stagnant This barony contains the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 184

49. Carbery island in Dunmanus Bay, Cork

    near Carbery Island · townland · Cork

    A small island situated nearly in the centre of Dunmanus Bay, in the western division of the barony of West Carbery, County Cork, in the province of Munster.

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    C ARB ER Y, a small island nearly in the centre of Dunmanus bay, western diviuion of the barony of West Carbery, co. Cork, Munster.

    CARBERY, a parish in the barony of Carbery, CO. Kildare. See Castle Carbkry.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 184

50. Carlanstown mansion ruins of Duke of Buckingham

    Carlanstown · townland · Westmeath

    An estate of the Duke of Buckingham in Westmeath contains the remains of a mansion inhabited by the Duke's ancestors, standing among the hills of Mullachmeen and Mullachmore near Lough Sheelin. The Duke has of late years directed attention to improving the estate.

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    CARLANSTOWN, an estate of the Duke of Buckingham, in the barony of Demifore, co. Wcstmeath, Leinster. The remains of the mansion, inhabited by the Duke's ancestors, stand 4^ miles north by west of Castlepollard, among the hills of Mullacbmeen and MuUachmore, which stretch toward Lough Sheelin, and form a strong relief to a bleak and boggy expanse of flat ground. The Duke's attention has of late years been directed to the improvement of the estate.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

51. Carlingford Bay lighthouses and oyster fishery

    Carlingford · town · Louth · 1840

    Carlingford Bay between Louth and Down features a revolving lighthouse on Greenore Point and twin lights on Haulbowline Island, with a bell tolled during fog. A celebrated variety of oyster with green skirts is taken in great quantities and sent to Dublin and other markets.

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    CARLINGFORD, a spacious bay between the county of Louth, Leinster, and the county of Down, Ulster. It enters between Bellagan Point on the south, and Cranfield Point on the north, and is 1| mile wide at the entrance ; it projects 7^ miles, in the direction of north-west by west to Warren Point, with a mean breadth of very nearly U mile ; and it is prolonged 3| miles north-westward in the narrow estuary of the Newry river. It is well sheltered, has good holding>ground, has sufficient depth of water for the largest ships, and is the most important marine inlet between Lough Strangford and Wexford Harbour ; yet it is encumbered with several rocks, and beset with various dangers, which greatly diminish its value to the navigator. Its chief islets are those of Blockhouse near its mouth, and Haulbowline, about the middle of the channel leading to Newry. The Helly Hunter is a rockv shoal, lying to the eastward of the entrance, stretching about a mile south-westward, and indicated by a flag buoy. Various rocks and shoals are so thickly and intncatcly aspersed between Blockhouse Island and Ballaggan Point, as to render any attempt to pass among them imminently perilous. A lighthouse on Greenore Point shows a revolving light, of the natural appearance, which attains its greatest magnitude once in every 15 seconds. Another lighthouse on Haulbowline Island exhibits two stationary lights, the one above the other, on the same tower : the higher light burns throughout the night, and is seen at 4 or 5 leagues* distance, like a star of the first magnitude ; the lower light burns from half-tide to halt-tide, and is similar in appearance to the higher. On the tower of tbe Haulbowline lighthouse, a ball is hoisted on a pole from half-tide to half-tide during the day ; and a bell is tolled every half minute, night and day, during the continuance of foggy weather or snow showers. The disbursements on account of the two lighthouses, in 1840, amounted to respectively £249 lis. Id. and £819

    \7> A celebrated variety of oyster is taken in great

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

52. Carlingford Bay scenery and bathing villages

    Carlingford · town · Louth

    The scenery of Carlingford Bay is described as both grandly and softly picturesque, with villages resorted to for sea-bathing along the beach and mansions and cottages decorating the shores. The Carlingford mountains to the south and Mourne mountains to the north display corn-field, verdure, heath, and ornamental wood.

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    quantities in the bay, and sent to the markets of Dublin, and of many places more distant; it has the peculiarity of green skirts or fins, and presents a very unprepossessing appearance, but possesses a delicious flavour. — The scenery of the bay is both grandly and softly picturesque. Several villages, resorted to for sea-bathing, give animation to the beach ; numerous mansions, villages, and agreeable cottages decorate the shores ; and the Carlingford mountains on the south, and the mountains of Moume on the north, display a curious chequering of corn-field, verdure, heath, and ornamental wood, and eventually wreath their brown heads amid frequent clouds.

    CARLINGFORD. a parish in the barony of Lower Dundalk, co. Louth, Leinster. It contains the town of Carlingford, and the villages of Rathcor, and Wuitkstown: see these articles. Length, southeastward, 9^ miles; breadth, from If mile to 4 miles; urea, 'J<),049 acres, 3 roods, 13 perches, — of which (k3 acres, 1 rood, 24 perches, are tideway. Pop., in lb31, 12,194; in 1841, 12,558. Houses 2,28a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

53. Carlingford borough charters and corporation history

    Carlingford · town · Louth

    Carlingford was probably a borough by prescription and received charters from Edward II, Henry IV, Henry VII, Elizabeth, James I, and James II. The corporation, styled the Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty, consisted of a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and freemen.

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    probably a borough by prescription; and it htJi charters from Edward IL. Henry IV., Henrr VIL, Elizabeth, James I., and James il. Its limits extended about 2 miles up, and If mile down, the bay, and from the summit-lme of the mountaini bebtnd, down to the edge of the water. The corporation, according to charter, was styled, " The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town and Borough of Carlingford ;" and consisted of a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. The burgesses, in order that they might concentrate in themselves the parliamentary franchise, very sparingly admitted freemen ; they, in their turn, became the mere tools of Col. Ross and Mr. Moore s Col. Ross sold his "interest" to the Marquis of Downshire; and, when the franchise vras extinguished by the Legislative Union, the Blarquis of Downshire and the guardians of Mr. R. B. Moore, ^en a minor, divided between them the £15,000 <^ compensation. The Marquis of Anglesey is lord of the manor. Extensive landed property belonging to the borough — the commons of which ak>ne amounted, according to the Down Survey, to 1 ,231 acres— appears to have been for the roost part lost by nsurpation, or by the corporation's neglect; yet a portion of the commons remains ; and, m 1838, the enclosing of this was "desired, even by some of those who had encroached upon it, as they would prefer paying a moderate rent and having theur title aexnowledged, to living in constant apprehension of bein^ ejeeted." — In 1467* a mint was established in Carhngford by act of parliament ; in 1596, Henry Oge, the son-inlaw of O'Niell of Tyrone, endeavoured to 8ur|>rise its castle ; in 1642, the town suffered mudi injury from fire, by the adherents of Bir Phelim (^JNielt and was taken possession of by Sir Henry Fishbum; in 1649 and 1650, the castle surrendered to Lord Inchiquin, and was delivered to Sir Charles Cooto and Col. Venables ; in 1669, the town was fired by some of the Duke ef Berwick's party, and became the asylum of some of Schomberg s sick soldiers ; in 1750> Thurot resided in the town, and while herc^ acquired his knowledge of the English language. Area of the town, 53 acres. Pop., in 1631, 1,319$ in 1641, 1,110. Houses 230. Families emf^yed chiefly in agriculture, 44; in manufactures and trade, 144; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefljT on property and professions, 13; on the directing of labour, 84; on their own manual labour, 121 ; on means not specified, 22.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

54. Carlingford burned by O'Neill adherents in 1642

    Carlingford · town · Louth · 1642–1650

    In 1642, the town of Carlingford suffered extensive fire damage from the adherents of Sir Phelim O'Neill and was taken possession of by Sir Henry Fishburn. The castle subsequently surrendered to Lord Inchiquin in 1649 and 1650.

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    probably a borough by prescription; and it htJi charters from Edward IL. Henry IV., Henrr VIL, Elizabeth, James I., and James il. Its limits extended about 2 miles up, and If mile down, the bay, and from the summit-lme of the mountaini bebtnd, down to the edge of the water. The corporation, according to charter, was styled, " The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town and Borough of Carlingford ;" and consisted of a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. The burgesses, in order that they might concentrate in themselves the parliamentary franchise, very sparingly admitted freemen ; they, in their turn, became the mere tools of Col. Ross and Mr. Moore s Col. Ross sold his "interest" to the Marquis of Downshire; and, when the franchise vras extinguished by the Legislative Union, the Blarquis of Downshire and the guardians of Mr. R. B. Moore, ^en a minor, divided between them the £15,000 <^ compensation. The Marquis of Anglesey is lord of the manor. Extensive landed property belonging to the borough — the commons of which ak>ne amounted, according to the Down Survey, to 1 ,231 acres— appears to have been for the roost part lost by nsurpation, or by the corporation's neglect; yet a portion of the commons remains ; and, m 1838, the enclosing of this was "desired, even by some of those who had encroached upon it, as they would prefer paying a moderate rent and having theur title aexnowledged, to living in constant apprehension of bein^ ejeeted." — In 1467* a mint was established in Carhngford by act of parliament ; in 1596, Henry Oge, the son-inlaw of O'Niell of Tyrone, endeavoured to 8ur|>rise its castle ; in 1642, the town suffered mudi injury from fire, by the adherents of Bir Phelim (^JNielt and was taken possession of by Sir Henry Fishbum; in 1649 and 1650, the castle surrendered to Lord Inchiquin, and was delivered to Sir Charles Cooto and Col. Venables ; in 1669, the town was fired by some of the Duke ef Berwick's party, and became the asylum of some of Schomberg s sick soldiers ; in 1750> Thurot resided in the town, and while herc^ acquired his knowledge of the English language. Area of the town, 53 acres. Pop., in 1631, 1,319$ in 1641, 1,110. Houses 230. Families emf^yed chiefly in agriculture, 44; in manufactures and trade, 144; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefljT on property and professions, 13; on the directing of labour, 84; on their own manual labour, 121 ; on means not specified, 22.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

55. Carlingford castle surrendered and delivered to Coote and Venables

    Carlingford · town · Louth · 1649–1669

    In 1649 and 1650, the castle of Carlingford surrendered to Lord Inchiquin and was delivered to Sir Charles Coote and Colonel Venables. In 1669, the town was fired by the Duke of Berwick's party and became an asylum for Schomberg's sick soldiers.

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    probably a borough by prescription; and it htJi charters from Edward IL. Henry IV., Henrr VIL, Elizabeth, James I., and James il. Its limits extended about 2 miles up, and If mile down, the bay, and from the summit-lme of the mountaini bebtnd, down to the edge of the water. The corporation, according to charter, was styled, " The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town and Borough of Carlingford ;" and consisted of a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. The burgesses, in order that they might concentrate in themselves the parliamentary franchise, very sparingly admitted freemen ; they, in their turn, became the mere tools of Col. Ross and Mr. Moore s Col. Ross sold his "interest" to the Marquis of Downshire; and, when the franchise vras extinguished by the Legislative Union, the Blarquis of Downshire and the guardians of Mr. R. B. Moore, ^en a minor, divided between them the £15,000 <^ compensation. The Marquis of Anglesey is lord of the manor. Extensive landed property belonging to the borough — the commons of which ak>ne amounted, according to the Down Survey, to 1 ,231 acres— appears to have been for the roost part lost by nsurpation, or by the corporation's neglect; yet a portion of the commons remains ; and, m 1838, the enclosing of this was "desired, even by some of those who had encroached upon it, as they would prefer paying a moderate rent and having theur title aexnowledged, to living in constant apprehension of bein^ ejeeted." — In 1467* a mint was established in Carhngford by act of parliament ; in 1596, Henry Oge, the son-inlaw of O'Niell of Tyrone, endeavoured to 8ur|>rise its castle ; in 1642, the town suffered mudi injury from fire, by the adherents of Bir Phelim (^JNielt and was taken possession of by Sir Henry Fishbum; in 1649 and 1650, the castle surrendered to Lord Inchiquin, and was delivered to Sir Charles Cooto and Col. Venables ; in 1669, the town was fired by some of the Duke ef Berwick's party, and became the asylum of some of Schomberg s sick soldiers ; in 1750> Thurot resided in the town, and while herc^ acquired his knowledge of the English language. Area of the town, 53 acres. Pop., in 1631, 1,319$ in 1641, 1,110. Houses 230. Families emf^yed chiefly in agriculture, 44; in manufactures and trade, 144; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefljT on property and professions, 13; on the directing of labour, 84; on their own manual labour, 121 ; on means not specified, 22.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

56. Carlisle and Camden Forts at harbour entrance

    Camden Fort · man-made feature · Cork · 1846

    The narrow entrance to Cork Harbour is overhung by Carlisle Fort on the east and Camden Fort on the west. These fortifications form part of the surpassingly attractive marine scene visible from Cove.

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    COVE, or CovE-oF-CoRK, a charmingly-situated town and sea-port, on the south side of Great Island, partly in the parish of Clonmel, but chiefly in that of Templcrobin, barony of Barrymore, co. Cork, Munster. It overlooks, and almost literally overhangs, the spacious basin of Inner Cork Harbour, 3 miles south-east of Passage, 3^ north-north-west of Carlisle-Fort, 5 south of Foaty, and 8 east-south-east of Cork. But its distance irom Cork, both by iteam conveyance down the Lee, which is often preferred by tourists, and by Glanmire, Drawbridge, and Foaty, which is the most convenient way of access for carriages, is 1 1 miles. The coast of the island, both at the site of the town, and in its environs, rises steeply from the water in a picturesauely featured ascent of hill ; and the coasts of Cork Harbour, as well as the surface of isles and peninsule, are so expressive in contour, so brilliant in character, and so gay in embellishment, as to form a natural panorama of surpassing attractiveness and beauty. The view from the higher terraces of the town, or from the face or summit of the hill above, discloses with vivid distinctness to the eye the magnificent landlocked harbour, studded with numerous vessels at anchor or in full sail, Ilawlbowline Island with its dock-yard and naval stores, Spike Island with its battery and barrack, a great circular sweep of beautiful shore powdered with man^ions and villas, the narrow entrance to the Harbour, overhung by Carlisle Fort on tlie east and (^ambden Fort on the west, and a narrow, eloii^Mited section of the ocean seen ai through a vista or a tunnel ; and so exquisitely does it exhibit these feature-i in common blending into one great picture, in composition with a wondrous number and variety of minuter feature^, and usually in such powerful play of light and shade, such strength, such toning, that it may lK)1dly brook comparison with the most boasted marine scenes in the empire. We might easily stand at Cove for hours, or even days, and paint or write descriptions which should include the whole gallery of picturesqueness and beauty which extends from Black Rock or Passage outward to the ocean ; hut we are compelled to be methodical, and inu>t refer, for notices of interesting or beautiful objects which a general observer would associate with Cove, to the articles Great Island, Clon- MKL. Tkmplkrodin, Cuhhxinny, Hawlbowlinb,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

57. Carlisle and Camden forts guard Cork Harbour entrance

    Corkbeg · townland · Cork

    At the entrance to the inner harbour of Cork, on a small peninsula in Corkbeg parish, stands Carlisle fort, a regular military work facing Camden fort on the west side of the entrance. The headlands are barely half a mile apart; once vessels pass inward they are completely landlocked in a deep, smooth basin with steeply rising shores.

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    CORKBEG, a parish in the barony of Imokilly, 5k miles south-west of Cloyne, co. Cork, Mun« ster. It contains the village of Gtleem: which see. Lei\gth, 4 miles ; breadth, 2; area, 2,661 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,221; in 1841, 1.603. Houses 266. Pop. of the ruriU districU, in 1841, 1.266. Houses 207. The surface exteuds along the east side of Cork Harbour, from its entrance inward; and consists, for the most part, of good arable and pasture land, — a considerable proportion of which is m a state of high cultivation. The limestone of the parish was long ago esteemed the best in the county. On the shore of the outer harbour of Cork, nearly at Uie point where the channel begins to contract toward the entrance to the inner harbour, stands Trabolgan, the handsome seat of Edward Roche, Esq., the descendant of a branch of the Fermoy family. A little farther north stands Rochemount, the seat of another gentleman of the name of Roche. Close to the shore, considerably north of Rocheipount, and about 5 miles from Cloyne, are the small, clean fishing village of Whitegate, and several detached and respectably inhabited cottages. On the point of the small peninsula at the entrance of the inner harbour of Cork, stands Carlisle fort, a regularly military work, opposite Camden fort on the west side of the entrance. The headUnds at these ports are little more than half an English mile asunder ; vessels no sooner pass them inward, than they become completely landlocked in a large, deep, and smooth basin ; and the shores rise steeply from the water*! edge, and command from their summit the view of e great and interesting extent of sea-coast. On a small peninsula, north of Carlisle fort, and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus, are the hamlet, the demesne, and the marine villa of Corkbeg, the Utter the property of a branch of the Fitsferald

    COR

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

58. Carlow as corporate town and Catholic seat

    Carlow · townland · Carlow

    Carlow is identified as one of only two corporate towns in the county (ancient or modern) and the only town of considerable size. It also serves as the Roman Catholic seat of the diocese of Leighlin, while being the principal town of the county.

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    Divisions and Towns.'] — The county is divided into the baronies of Carlow in the north-west, Rathvilly in the north-east. Forth in the middle of the east, Idrone-East in the centre and slightly in the east, Idrone-West in the western wing, and St. MuUins in the south. The only corporate towns, ancient or modern, are Carlow and Old Leighlin ; the only town of considerable size is Carlow ; the only other place fairly entitled to be called a town is Leighlin-Bridge; the principal villages, or complimentarily the small towns, are Bagnalstown, Borris, TuUow, and Hacketstown; and the only other noticeable villages are Clonegal, Rathvilly, Old

    Leighlin, Royal Oak, Numey, Rilledmandt Ball/- nosken, Myshall, and Ballon. The county is all included in the dio. of Leighlin ; constitutes more than half of its area ; and contains both its Protestant and its Roman Catholic seat, — the former at Old Leighlin, and the latter at Carlow. A view of the parochial distribution will be seen by refefenoe to the articles on the baronies.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 187

59. Carlow Castle blown up by physician Middleton, 1814

    Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1814

    Carlow Castle, attributed to Hugh de Lacy, stood on an eminence overhanging the Barrow immediately south of the bridge, built in Anglo-Norman style as a hollow quadrangle with round towers at each angle. In 1814, a physician named Middleton, who had leased the castle, used gunpowder to enlarge windows and thin the walls, bringing down two-thirds of the structure; only two towers and the connecting wall remain, standing 65 feet high.

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    Castle.']— The castle of Carlo w is variously ascribed to Hugh de Lacy, King John, Isabel, daughter of Strongbow, and Hugh Bigod, fourth Earl of Norfolk ; but, by a decided majority of voices, is ascribed to De Lacy. It stands on a slight eminence overhang. ing the Barrow, immediately south of the bridge ; and was constructed in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, — a hollow quadrangle, thick in the walls, remarkably low and narrow in the doors, slender even to loop-hole dimensions in the windows, and fortified at each angle by a large round tower. The grandeur of its proportions, and the favourableness of its situation, which allowed a free view of its massive towers and rugged sides from the various approaches to the town, rendered it a feature of peculiar magnificence in the architectural display of Carlow. But, in 1814, a ninny-pated physician of the name of Middleton, who had obtained a lease of it, and who characteristically projected the transmutation of it into a Maison de Sante for the reception of lunatics, applied blasts of gunpowder for enlarging the windows and diminishing the thickness of the walls, and brought down two-thirds of the pile into a rubbishy tumulus in memory of his surpassing pre* sumption and folly. A man who witnessed the tremendous downfall described it to Mr. Brewer as ** 80 slow in operation, that a person had sufficient time to escape from the sphere of destruction (as was the case with himself) after viewing the portentous and amazing nodding of the towers. The immense pile gradually disparted into vast masses, which broke with difficulty into fragments less mighty. Many gigantic pieces of the ruin rolled to the very doors of some humble cabins, on the opposite side of a road at the base of the castle-mount.*' The part which remains consists of only two of the towers and the wall between them, and is 65 feet high and 10,5 feet from tower to tower ; but, being a complete side of the original square, it affords a correct idea of the space which the castle occupied. The history of the building shall be interwoven, in our concluding section, with that of the town.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

60. Carlow Castle: sieges, captures, and the 1798 rebellion

    Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1494–1798

    Carlow Castle, built to protect the English of the Pale, was besieged and captured multiple times: by James Fitzgerald in 1494, held by Lord Thomas Fitzgerald in 1534, captured and burnt by Rory-Oge O'More in 1577, surrendered in 1650, and the town saw a bloody 1798 insurgent assault with 417 bodies buried in gravel pits near Graigue-bridge.

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    assembled at Drogheda attainted him and the Earl. In 1534, Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, when in rebellioii against the crown, held Carlow-castle in commoo with 5 other chief fortalices of the kingdom. In 1577, Rory-Oge 0*More, then in rebellion agaiimt Elisabeth, successfully prosecuted a long siege against Carlow, captured the castle, and burnt the town. In 1641, the castle, when in possession of English troops, and while the retreat of a number of Englishmen who had sought shelter within its walls, was uivested by a strong party of insurgents, and reduced to such extremity that its garnson were on the point of surrendering, when Sir Patrick Wem^jri opportunely appeared for its relief, and struck panic into the besiegers ; yet the latter fired the town before they fled, and were punished by the slaughter of 50 of their number in their flight. In 1650, the castle, after having been warmly cannonaded, was surrendered bj^ Captain Bellew, commander of the garrison, to Sir Hardress Waller. On the 25th of May, 1798, a forlorn and undisciplined body of wretched insurgents, most of whom were intoxicated, assailed the town, sustained dreadful carnage, and were easily shot from the windows, cut down on the streets, or driven to pell-mell retreat. About 417 bodies were subsequently "buried in three gravel pits, and covered with quick lime at the other side of the Graigue-bridge."

    CARMAVY, a grange, in the barony of Lower Massarene, 4^ miles south-east of Antrim, co. Antrim, Ulster. Length, 1 ^ mile ; breadth, 1 ; area, 789 acres, 27 perches. It is traversed by the road from Belfast to Antrim ; and is very nearly surrounded by the parish of Killead, to which it is often regarded as belonging. Pop., in 1841, 907* Houses 59.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191