The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Carrigrohane Castle and Captain Cape

   near Carrigrohane · townland · Cork · 1641–1700

   Carrigrohane Castle, perched on a precipitous rock overhanging the Lee, was constructed by the MacCarthys, suffered dilapidation during the troubles of 1641, and was repaired to become the fastness of a notorious rapparee called Captain Cape and his gang of bandits. The ruin contains gloomy apartments and vaulted dungeons, with two piles of different age and architecture.

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   CARRIGROHANE, or Kilcrohanmore, a parish in the baronies of Cork and East Muskerry, CO. Cork, Munster. It lies on the river Lee, 3 miles \ve»t by south of Cork, and contains in its Muskcrry section the town of Ballincollio : which t^ee. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 1 ^ ; area, 2,658 acres, — of which 1,605 acres are in the barony of Cork section. Pop., in 1831, 2.152; in 1841, 2,279. Houses 307. Pop. of the barony of Cork section, in 1 83 1 , 600 ; in 1 84 1 , 756. Houses 1 1 9. Pop. of the rural districts of the Muskerry section, in 1841,236. Houses 34. The districts of Balliucollig, Coolroe, Great Island, and Ordnance Ground, formerly belonged to the Barretts, and were transferred to East Muskerry by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. Pop. of these di>>tricts, in 1831, 1,321. The Lee, while in contact with the parish, possesses much gentle beauty, and some features of romance ; receives, on its left bank, the southern Awbeg through a picturesque and richly- wooded glen ; and occasionally produces, in some deep pools, a species of freshwater mussels containing pearls, some of which are of the size of a pea, and of a good water. The land of the parish is prevailingly good, and comparatively well cultivated. At B^IincoUig is the ruin of a considerable castle which belonged to the Barretts, and was garrisoned in the wars both of Cromwell and of James II. ; and 1^ mile farther down the Lee, and confronting the seats of Mount- Duncombe, Kiteborough, and Lee- View, is the picturesque ruin of Carrigrohanc-castle, perched on a precipitous rock which overhangs the river. This pile is said to have been constructed by the IVIac- Carthys ; it suffered considerable dilapidation during the troubles of 1641 ; and«lt was soon afterwards repaired, and became the fastness of a notorious rapparee, called Captain Cape, and of a gang of desperate associated bandits, who waylaid travellers, and savagely plundered the surrounding country. It contains gloomy apartments and vaulted dungeons, enclosed by massive walls ; and consists of two piles of different age, altitude, bulk, and architecture, — the larger and older of which is oblong, threestoried, and roofless. A remarkably fine sycamore tree long reared its majestic form adjacent to the entrance of the castle, but was cut down soon after 1801. A cave at the base of the rock on which the ruin stands is believed by the peasantry to communicate with the great caverns of Ovens, 4 miles distant ; and a deep pool, called Hell's-Hole, overhung by lofty limestone cliffs, and situated at a sudden bend of the river above the site of the castle, is absurdly imagined to be haunted by a monstrous biped, having a mane like a horse, and a body like an eel, ** In this neighbourhood^" says ]Mr. Croker, '* a curious fragment, now in my possession, was dug up : it is a grotesque carving minutely executed on bone, (supposed to have been part of a human skull,) representing a dragon stirring with a pole an emaciated human figure or corpse ; and between them is a label bearmg the legend, * Mittet inalos in caminu ignis.' To assign correctly the object or use of this piece of monkish labour, is now a matter of impossibility, although it may once have attained extensive celebrity." — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, £330 ; glebe. £36. The rectories of Carrigrohane, andCurricuppane, and the vicarage of Corbally, contititute the benefice of Carrigrohane ; and, jointly with the sinecure rectory of Kinneigh, they constitute also the corps of the precentorship of St. Fiiibarr's cathedral, Cork. Pop., in 1831, 2,961. Gross income, X682 16s. 8d., besides £225 IDs. from

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

2. Carrigtohill village and Burry's-court

   Carrigtohill · town · Cork

   The village of Carrigtohill sits on the road from Cork to Waterford, where a marine inlet floods a marshy meadow noted for fattening horses. To the south stands the old square edifice of Burry's-court, the residence of E. Coppinger, Esq., which forms a remarkable feature in the landscape.

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   ground, fertilizes it into a rich marshy meadow which as long been noted for fattening horses. The principal mansions are Anngrove and Foatt: whick see. A little to the south of the village, the old square lofty edifice of Burry's-court, the residence of E. Coppmger, Esq^., forms a remarkable feature in the landscape. Spnnghill, Johnstown, and other seats and viUas, also adorn the parish and its yidnity. On the farm of Garranes are some curious subterranean chambers which have of late years considerably engaged the attention of antiquanes. Mr. Crofton Croker, and Mr. R. O'Callaghan Newenham^ who visited them in 1829, found the principal ones situated within a circular intrenchment of 120 feet in diameter, of the kind which are popularly, but perhaps erroneously, regarded as Danish forts. On its south side was a circular pit, about 7 feet in depth and 5| in diameter ; and from this two orifices, resembling the entrances to fox-earths, and barely large enough to allow a man to creep through them, descended at an angle of about 20^, and led to a series of chambers of a depressed bee-hive-like shape, excavated from a soil of stiff clay mixed with gravel, unstrengthened by any masonry, communicating serially by means of connecting orifices or passageholes, and measuring not less than 7 and not more than 8 feet in diameter. Four chambers were entered ; and more seemed to exist, but could not, at the time, be reached. On the farm of Garranes are 5 circular intrenchments, — near one of which, on the face of a hill, a tunnel seems formerly to have existed, and to have communicated with the aubterranean chambers ; and within a drde of 5 milea

   CAR

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

3. Carrowmore creek harbour on Clew Bay

   Carrowmore · townland · Mayo · 1828

   Carrowmore is a creek on the south side of Clew Bay, on the estate of Sir Samuel O'Malley, about a mile from Louisburgh. Harbour works were constructed in 1828 with a promised Fishery Board grant, but they were swept away by the storms of the following winter, leaving it only a fair-weather harbour for small craft.

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   CARROWMORE, a creek on the south side of Clew bay, barony of Morisk, co. Mayo, Connaught. It is situated on the estate of Sir Samuel O'MaUey, about 1 mile from Looisbourg, and less than 4 miles from Ruana Point, the headland on the south side of the entrance of Clew bay. The circumstances of its looking right seaward, in command of the ^emt western fishing banks, and on the edge of a thickly peopled seaboard, render it an important harbour-site for the promotion of the western fisheries ; yet, in consequence of its having shallow water, a rocky entrance and bottom, and very limited natural shelter, it can be useful chiefly as a fair-weather harbour for small crafl. Under promise of a grant of £Ml 9s. lid. from the Fishery Board, some harbour works were constructed, in 1828, by the proprietor; but they were swept down by the storms of the sueceeding winter.

   CARROWMORE, a lake in the parish of Kflcommon, baronv of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught Its head is within 14 mile of a creek of Broadhaven bey, and its foot is within 3 miles of the head of Tulloghaan bay. Its length is about 4 miles ; its breadth, from half-a-mile to nearly 24 ; and its area 2,496 acres, 1 rood, 12 perches. Its bosom is variegated with 3

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

4. Carrune parish ruins in the Burren

   near Carran · population centre · Clare

   Carrune (Carron or Carne) parish in the barony of Burren, County Clare, has a ruggedly upland limestone surface with the remains of three old churches, ruins of two old castles, and vestiges of five Danish forts. Principal residences include Columbkill-cottage, Termon-cottage, and Rockview-house, with Castletown as the chief hamlet.

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   CARRUNE, Carron, or Carne, a parish in the barony of Burren, 9 miles north-east of Innistymon, CO. Clare, Munster. Length, south-westward, 7 miles ; breadth, from 1 to 3^; area, 14,460 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches. Pop., in 1831, 1,045; in 1841, 1,144. Houses 184. The surface is ruggedly upland, and, for the most part-, wildly pastoral, — extremely rocky, but all of limestone soil, and yielding excellent herbage for sheep. Within the limits are the remains of three old churches, the ruins of two old castles, and vestiges of five Danish forts. The principal residences are Columbkill-cottage, Termoncottage, and Rock view -house ; and the chief hamlet is Castletown. A road from Corofin to Galway bay traverses the interior. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Nouohaval [which see], in the dio. of Kilfenora. Vicarial tithe composition, £35 ; glebe, £4. The rectorial tithes are appropriate. The Roman Catholio chapel has an attendance of 700 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Noughaval. In 1834, the parishioners were all Roman Catholics; and 2 pay daily schools had on their books 90 boys and 59 girls.

   CARRYQLASS, or Curraolasb, m village in the parish of Mogeela, barony of Kinnataloon, co. Cork, Munster. It stands U mile west of Tallow, on the road thence to Castle-Lvons. Area, 36 acres. Pop., in 1841, 262. Houses 42.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

5. Carved square building ruins between castle and monastery

   Carlingford · town · Louth

   Midway between the Dominican monastery and King John's Castle in Carlingford stand the ruins of a square building with ecclesiastical-style windows. These are curiously carved with effigies of animals, human heads, and various fancy wreathings.

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   A castle, which probably gave origin to the town, and which still exi;its as a ruin, is said, though upon doubtful authority, to have been erected, in 1210, by King John. The ruin is extensive, massive, and imposing ; it is in some places 1 1 feet thick in the walls; and it crowms, or rather covers, an abrupt rock, one side of which is washed by the sea, while the other overhangs a narrow pass between the town and the Carlingford mountains. The castle seems to have been built to command the pass; it was necessarily adapted in form to the configuration of its site ; and it seems to have enclosed various baronial halls, a court-yard, galleries, recesses, and other appliances of convenience combined with strength. The view from its summit, over the bay, the Cooley, and the mountains of Mourne, is so gnmd as almost to look lofty derision upon the efforts of the pencil. In 1305, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded, on the south side of the town, a Dominican monastery ; and the extensive and picturesque ruin still exists, and exhibits, in the long aisle and central belfry, traces of that variety of the pointed style of architecture which prevailed at the period of its erection. Nearly midway between this ruin and the castle, are the ruins of a square building, with windows of an ecclesiastical character^ curiously carved with the effigies of animals and human heads, and with various fancy wreathings. Carlingford seems to have been a station of importance in even the earliest ages of the English ascendency in Ireland ; and, though never regularly walled or fortified, it was so constantly exposed to danger, from its position on the frontier of the pale, that each of its principal domestic buildings was constructed on the I

   model of a fortaUce or castle ; and, not rery nrack above half-a-century ago, it contained nttmeixHu specimens of castellated stmcturei.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

6. Carved stone cross at Castleconnell burying-ground

   Castleconnell · town · Limerick

   A preserved stone cross in the burying-ground at Castleconnell displays elaborate antique sculpturing across its west and east sides, including human figures, beasts, a harpist, Adam and Eve, and figures in prayer. Fragments of a smaller sculptured cross also occur in the cemetery.

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   preserved stone-cross in the adjacent burying-ground displays some curious antique sculpturing. " The west side is divided into 7 compartments; the upper of which contains 3 human figures ; the north crossbranch presents a man sitting and playing on a harp, together with Adam and Eve at either side of the tree ; the south cross-branch displays a human figure standing erect with uplifted hands, and two beasts, one being on the back of the other; on the fifth compartment of the shaft is an erect human figure, having two beasts on each side ; on the sixth and seventh compartments are 3 human figures. On the upper end of the east side are also 3 human figures ; the east and west cross-branches each present 3 similar figures ; the middle of the shaft at top and between the cross-branches is occupied by a large human figure, which would appear to represent Mercury, the head being covered by a flat hat with winn, — this figure stretches out its hands to two smaller figures, which raise their diminutive heads from underneath its arms, as if in admiration or prayer ; in other compartments are 3 upright human figures, and 2 similar figures supporting between them a torse, or truncated human object, — also two crowned figures, kneeling with joined and uplifted hands, in the attitude of prayer. The sides and base are ornamented with true lovers' knots." In the cemetery occur also some fragments of a smaller antique sculptured cross. Considerable remains exist of a monastery for conventual Franciscans, which was founded in 1302 by Thomas, Lord Offaly, and which, as a work of architecture, appears to have possessed more sumptuousness of ornament and delicacv of finish, than the great majority of the minor ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland. The nave of the church was narrow, and was divided firom each of its side-aisles by three pointed arches ; and one of the aisles still remains, and presents, in a fine style of design and execution, the stone-work of three windows. But the north transept is the best preserved part of the pile, and is a good specimen of that variety of the pointed style of architecture which came into use about the commencement of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

7. Cashel as ecclesiastical metropolis of the south

   Cashel · town · Tipperary

   Cashel is described as a post and market town, a borough, and an episcopal city, situated in the barony of Middlethird, County Tipperary. It lies on the road from Dublin to Cork, about 10 miles south-west of Thurles.

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   A post and market town, a borough, an episcopal city, and the ecclesiastical metropolis of the south, em province of Ireland, is situated in the barony of Middlethird, co. Tipperary, Munstcr. It stands on the road from Dublin to Cork by way of Athy and Fermov, 3^ miles north-east of Golden, 8 north-west of Fethard, 8J north of Cahir, 10 south by west of Thurles, 47 nof th-north-east of Cork, and 79 southwest by south of Dublin.

   Parishes.'} — The parochial distribution of the territory included within the borough limits, or of the territory associated with the city's site, appears to be considerably confused. — Other authorities than the most recent concur in the statement of Carlisle, that Cashel is " a rectory entire, united, at a period long prior to any existing record, to the rectory entire of Ballyclerahan, and the vicarages of Coleman, being the corps of the deanery of Cashel, which is valued in the King's books at £12 Irish money: the church in Cashel, dedicated to St. John." — The Census of 1831 comprehends the whole under the name of St. Patrick's Rock ; and distributes the inhabitants into those of respectively the rural districts, the city of Cashel, and the hamlet of Lowesgrean. Pop., in 1831, of the rural districts, 5,549 ; of the city, 6,971 ; of Lowesgrean, 62 ; of the entire parish, 12.582. — The Municipal Reports, though they do not specifically name parochial distribution, state the population of "the city," in 1831, at 6,971, and that of ** Cashel, including the liberties and commons," at near 12,000 Both the Reports of the Commissioners on Ecclesiastical Revenues and tho?e of the Commissioners of Public Instruction, treat St John's, or St John Baptist's, Ballyclerahan, Coleman, and St. Patrick's Rock, as distinct parishes ; and the latter state their aggregate population, in 1831, at 12,783. — The Census of 1841 also exhibits Ballyclerahan, Coleman, St. Patrick's Rock, and St. John Baptist's, as distinct parishes ; and shows the municipal boundaries of the city of Cashel to include parts of the two latter parishes and an uninhabited portion of the

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 197

8. Cashel erected into a borough

   Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1216

   In 1216, Donat, Archbishop of Cashel, turned the town into a borough and granted burgage holdings to its burgesses. The town was then the peculiar property of the see.

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   which are another district, and do not include the commons, are there represented as comprising 560| acres. The limits of the modern borough, as prescribed under the Boundary Act, comprehend the whole of the modern town, and only so much of unedificed ground as lies between the streets of the town's extremities; and the space which they in. elude measures about 1,200 by about 900 yards. A corporation is said to have existed in the town from time immemorial. In 1216, Donat, Archbishop of Cashel, erected the town, which was then the peculiar property of the see, into a borough, and gave burgage holdings to its burgesses; and, in 1230, Marian, a successor of Donat, granted and confirmed the town to its provost and 12 burgesses. Royal charters were afterwards given of 13 Edward II., 2 Richard II., 26 Elizabeth, 13 and 15 Charles I., and 5 James II. ; and a letter of restoration to ancient rights and privileges was given, in 1690, by King William, from bis camp at Golden. The governing charter is that of 15 Charles I. The corporation was included in the ' New Rules and Orders' published in 1672, under the Act of Settlement, by the Lord -lieutenant and Council ; and it, in consequence, required to submit its officers to the revision of the Lord-lieutenant and Council, before they could enter on the functions to which they had been elected. The corporation bears the title of ** The Mayor, Aldermen, Bailiflfs, Citizens, and Commons of the City of Cashel ;" it consists, according to charter, of a mayor, 17 aldermen, 2 bailiffs, and an onlimited number of commons ; and its officers, at the date of the Municipal Corporation Enquiry, were a mayor, a recorder, a treasurer, 2 bailiflfs, a town-clerk, i serjeants-at-mace, a sword-bearer, and a crier. *' Since the year 1777." say the Commissioners on Municipal Corporations, '*the patron of the corporation,** Mr. Pennefather, *' seems exclusively to have enjoyed the power of procuring the election of the aldermen, and of the several officers of the corporation, who were said to be elected by the board of aldermen ; of procuring the admission of freemen; and of disposing of the corporation property as he pleased; preserving, however, the form of corporate transactions, by having the orders for granting the leases, &c., entered on the corporation books, as if made by the board of aldermen. The late patron seems also to have had the power of procuring the return of the members of parliament for the city of Cashel. These powers he is alleged to have exercised for a period of 50 years.*' The Commissioners then show that the corporation, as it existed at the date of their inquiry, evinced from its condition, ** the industry and care** with which the patron sought to consolidate and perpetuate his power, and consisted wholly of a brother, 2 sons, 3 sons-in-law, a grandson, 4 nephews, 3 cousins, and 2 other relations of the late Mr. Pennefather; and they add, " The patron's influence, in all things but returning the member to parliament sfaioe the Reform Act, is supposed still to exist; and it would seem that it has been generally exercised for the advantage of the patron and his friends, and that little regard has for many years been paid to the interests of the city or the public." The Tholsel court is held every Thursday by the mayor and the recorder, or their deputies; it has jurisdiction to the amount of £20 Irish ; but, in consequence of the expenses of a suit amounting to between £3 and £4, few cases are brought before it. A mayor's court H-as held, till about the year 1829, for causes of action under lOs., — the costs of a suit amounting to la. 8d.; and it seems to have been considered useful to the poorer classes, and has been sought to be reWred. Except that the mayor acts as a magistrate within the borough, no jurisdiction in any crunind oMes ia

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 201

9. Cashel-Irra: early bishopric of St. Patrick's disciples

   Cashel · townland · Sligo · 511

   Archdall records Cashel-Irra, a village in Sligo, as the seat of a very early bishopric. St. Bronan or Bronios, a disciple of St. Patrick, was bishop here and died on the 8th of January A.D. 511, and St. Biteus, son of Assicus, another disciple, was also bishop here.

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   CASHEL, a village on the northern border of the barony of Corran, co. Sligo, Connaught. It is also called Cashel-Irra and West Cashel ; and stands 6 miles south of Sligo, between the rivers Undon and Owenmore. Archdall and the slaves who copy him represent this place as the seat of a very early bishopric " St Bronan or Bronios, a disciple of St. Patrick," says the sapient annalist, " was bishop of Culiorra or Cashel-irra, and died on the 8th of Jan., A.D. 511. St. Biteus, the son of Assicus, another disciple of the saint's, was also bishop here." Pop. not specially returned.

   CASHEL, a mountain in the barony of Ballinabinch, CO. Galway, Connaught. It overlooks the head of Birterbuy bay, and is situated 2^ miles south-east of BaUinahinch Lough.

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10. Cashel Parish Church Construction in 1816

    Cashel · townland · Longford · 1816

    The parish church of Cashel in County Longford was constructed in 1816. It was built using a financial gift from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    CASHEL, a parish on the western border of the barony of Ratbcline, 4^ miles south of Lanesborough, CO. Longford, Leinster. Length, southward, 5^ miles; breadth, 4| ; area, 22,150 acres, 2 roods, 20 perches,— of which 6,290 acres, 3 roods, 23 perches, are in Lough Ree, and 147 acres, 34 perches, are in small bikes. Pop., in 1831, 5.087; in l&ll, 5,559. Houses 929. The surfice extends between an expanse of morass on the east, and Lough Ree on the west ; it includes a portion of the morass, and partakes all the luxuriousness of the immediate margin of the bike, yet consists, for the greater part, of a light and second-rate description of arable land. The principal small lakes are Shawn and Derrymacar in the interior, and Derry on the eastern boundary, and Ijring, as to surfiuie-elevation, 127 feet above ses-leveL The islands belonging to Cashel in Lough Ree are Chorinch, Muckinisb, Priests'- Island, Inchcleraun, Saints'. Island, and the group called the Black Islands, and consisting prinapally of Horse, Sand, King's, Lon^, and Nut Islands. Some of these islands contain interesting ruins, and will be separately noticed in their alphabetical place. The mansions are Castle-lodge and Newpark-bouse, — the latter tbe seat of Mr. Davis. The principal hamlets are Caltragb, New- Row, Newtown, Ckrrowbeg, Luggaun, Upper Drunmee, and Derrynamehaun. The roads from Lanesborough to Ballyroahon and Athlone pass through the interior. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ardagh. Vicarial tithe composition, £221 10s. 9d. ; glebe, ^£34. Gross income, £255 10a. 9d. ; nett, £227 10s. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £443 Is. 6d. ; and they are impropriate, and are leased to Messrs. R. and R. C. Armstrong. The church was built in 1816, by means of a gift of £738 9s. 2fd. from the late Board of Vvn% Fruits, attingi 100; a-

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11. Cashel's legendary founding and ancient names

    Cashel · town · Tipperary

    The site of Cashel was originally called Sheedrum and Drum-Feeva, named for the extensive woods surrounding it. Tradition claims it was chosen as the site for a future city during the reign of King Core, son of Looee.

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    /fiftory.]~Dreams and fictions are so freely miied with narratives which affect to detail the early history of Cashel, that every sober inquirer into fiMts either feels hesitation in pronouncing certain nortioae to be true, or is prompted to fling the whole aade as a mass of mere legendary rubbish. Our space will admit of only one or two examples. Keader says that the site of Cashel was originally called Sheedrum and Drum-Feeva, from^ being smrooaded with extensive woods, and that it was selected aa the place of the future city in the reign of Core, the son of Looee ; and he adds, ** There came abonl that time, two swineherds to feed their pigs in the woods about this hill [the rock of CasheR namelyt KUlarn, herdsman to the king of Ely, and Doordrv, the herdsman of the king of Muskerry or Ormond; and when they had continued on the hill about a quarter of a year, there appeared to them a figiue as brilliant as t^e sun, whose voice was more melodioiiB than any music they had ever heard, and it was oeosecrating the hill, and prophesying tiie coming of SL Patrick. The swineherds, having returned to their homes, related what they had seen to their masters ; and the story soon reached Core, who repaired aoth* out delay to Sheedrum, and built a palace there, which is called Lis-na-Lachree, or the fort of henMS.** A cUss of writers of very different temperanent» affecting to be antiquaries, but quite as unsoand in judgment as monkish visionaries, are " perfeetljr satisfi^ " that, duriiig ages previous to the profiuie legend of the revelation to the swineherds — a legend which is seen, at a glance, by every calm-mindM inquirer, whether Catholic or Protestant, to be a sill/ parody upon the inspired narrative of the revektioBto the shepherds of Bethlehem^ the Rock of Onhtlwaa

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12. Cashel town streets and housing

    Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1836

    Cashel's town layout is irregular, blending sumptuous architecture with squalid, cabin-lined lanes. In 1836, of 1,135 houses, 751 were thatched tenements and only 190 were worth over £10 a year, leaving much of the town in deplorable neglect.

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    ing of the town are very irregular ; and produce now picturesqueness and now confusion. The Mainstreet extends 700 yards from east to west ; but is narrow at both ends, and partly split into two thorough, fares in the centre ; yet, over a distance of more than 300 yards, it is well-built, very spacious, and urban in aspect. Friar-street brings in the thoroughfare from Fethard, passes the new cathedral, falls rectangularly upon nearly the centre of the Mainstreet, and has a length from south to north of 550 yards. John-street goes off at an acute angle from the south end of Friar-street, and runs 200 yards north-west by northward of the gaol. A rather spacious but quite irregular street, leads out the great northern thoroughfare from the east end of the wide part of Main-street, and is prolonged 420 yards north-north-eastward to the Charter school and the eastern base of Cashel Rock. All the other streets are either short, narrow, crooked, or otherwise subordinate. Though some other lines of houses besides those in the spacious portion of Main-street are good and of pleasing appearance, greatly the majority in other districts have either a hamlet or a squalid character. So large a proportion of the town is a congeries of dark, unpaved, filthy, cabin-lined lanes, — often crazy and dilapidated in their rude masonry, and every where, poor, wan, and half-unemployed in their population, — that the city seems, in a great degree, as if scourged by some plague, and crumbling down to desolation. Of 1,135 houses which lined all the streets and alleys in 1836, only 190 were individually worth £\0 and upwardi a-year, while so many as 751 were thatched tenements, and bv far the greater part of these one-story cottages, ill-built cabins, or mere miserable huts and hovels. The water works, constructed by Archbishop Bolton, during the early part of the 18th century, — works which Dr. Smith, in his Collections of Tipperary, pronounced truly noble, and such as would necessarily perpetuate the name of their constructor to unborn ages who should enjoy the advantage, — these works have been allowed to go to decay, their under-ground conduits, upwards of two miles in length, are choked up with rubbish, the stream which supplied them has been diverted as waterpower to mills, and for ever alienated by legal sanetion, and public pumps, which were erected as a pitiful succedaneum for the works, are maintained by neither corporation nor cttiaens, but pauperishly at the expense of the county. The whole town, excepting ^ch spots as are kept clean and neat by private enterprise, is in a condition of the most deplorable neglect

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 198

13. Castlebar Borough Charters of James I and II

    Castlebar · town · Mayo

    Castlebar appears to have been erected into a borough by charter of 11 James I, and also held a charter of 5 James II. Its borough limits comprised a district within a circle drawn on a radius of a mile from the centre of the town.

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    Municipal Affizin.] — Castlebar seems to have been erected into a borough by charter of 1 1 James L, and it bad also a charter of 5 James II. Its borough limits comprised a district included within a circle drawn upon a radius of a mile from the centre of the town. lU corporation was entitled, " Tho

    CAS

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

14. Castlebar castle siege and massacre at Bridge of Shruel

    Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1641–1653

    During the 17th-century civil wars, the castle of Castlebar was held for Parliament by Sir Henry Bingham. It was besieged and taken by Viscount Mayo and his son Sir Theobald Bourke; after surrendering on terms of safe conduct, Bingham and his garrison were massacred at the Bridge of Shruel, 4 miles north of Headford. Bourke was later tried and shot to death in January 1653.

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    /fesrory.]— During the civil wars of the 17th century, the castle of Castlebar was held for the parliament, by Sir Uenrv Bingham, the ancestor of the Earl of Lucan ; and was besieged and taken by Viscount Mayo, and his son Sir Theobald Bourke, leaders of the confederated Irish. Sir Henry Bingham and his garrison surrendered to the besiegers on the condition of bein^ safely conveyed to the next town ; but, after bemg protected Uiree days, and while on their march of conveyance to the south, they were barbarously massacred at the Bridge of Shruel, 4 miles north of Headford. Lord Mayo died before he could be called to account by his fellow-men ; but Sir Theobald Bourke, after being formally arraigned and specially tried for the horrid deed of perfidy and massacre, was shot to death in Jan. 1653 — On the 25th of Aug., 1798, while the French force, which had arrived at Killalla, were in possession of Ballina, and were about to march to the south [see Ballina], General Hutchinson appeared at Castlebar, with a British army which bad been speedily segregated, and had marched with great expedition from Galway ; and, on the following night, he was joined by General Lake, the chief commander in the west. " The habits of disorder, inveterate in the troops," says Gordon, " could not possibly in two months have been eradicated by Cornwallis. Of this the army here assembled furnished full proof in the whole of their conduct. The gun of a soldier, by accident or design, exploded from a window. A cry was raised that a shot had been fired at the Longford militia; and a tumult was excited which threatened the town with conflagration and massacre, which was with great difficulty prevented by the extraordinary exertions of Hutchinson and other officers." This turbulent condition of the army, and supercession of General Hutchinson, who knew the ground around Castlebar, and had formed a good plan of action, by General Lake, who was a stranger, and

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

15. Castlebar church built 1825

    Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1825

    Castlebar church was built in 1825 at a cost of £2,400 borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits, with seating for 450 and attendance of about 300 exclusive of military. The parish of Castlebar (Aglish) had a population of over 12,000 in 1831, declining to 10,464 by 1841.

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    Pop., in 1831, 12.111; in 1841, 10,464 Houiea 1.737. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 5,738;. in 1841,5,327. Houses 968. The surface possesses much beauty, and consists about one-half of tillageground, and one-half of mountain-pasture, and diversifiedly-featured bog ; but we reserve a view of its mansions, its scenic character, and its blending with mountain-perspective beyond its own limits, to a brief notice of the town's environs. — The mountain Burren is situated on the northern frontier, and has an altitude of 1,299 feet. The principal small lakes are Salleen, Rusheen, Mack, Naspheenagb, and Mallart, — the last situated on the western border, a little north of Castlebar Lough, and possessing a surface-elevation above sea-level of 125 feet. The chief hamlets are Clonkeen, Rush-hill, Bleau* bog, Kilnageer, and Richmond — This parish is a rectory in the dia of Tuam. Tithe composition, £175 7s. S^d. The rectories of Aglish, Bbeaft, Drumranet, Islandeadt, Kildscamooub, and TuRLOUGH [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Castlebar. Length, 17 miles ; breadth, 15^. Pop., in 1831, 22,672. Gross income, £822 13s. Id.; nett, £064 18s. lid. Patron, tbe diocesan. The incumbent holds also the benefice of Rathronan in the dio. of Limerick, and is non-resident. Two curates have each a stipend of £75; and one of them receives also the surplice fees, amounting ta £5w The perpetual curacy of Turlough has been erected within the union. Castlebar church was built in 1825, at the cost of £2,400, borrowed from tbe late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 450; attendance, about 300, exclusive of military. Castlebar Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 5,000 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Ballyhane. Islandeady and Olanisland Roman Catholic chapels are attended by respectively, from 1,000 to 1,200, and from 600 to 700; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. A Wesleyan Methodist meeting-house has an attendance of from 100 to 200. Di 1834, the parishioners of Aglish consisted of 1^23 Churchmen, 5 Presbyterians, 5 other Protestant dissenters, and 11,594 Roman Catholics; the inbabitants of the union, exclusive of those in the perpetual civracy of Turlough, consisted of 1 ,246 Protestants, uid 23,157 Roman Catholics; and 22 daily scbools in the union, excluding Turlough, had on their books 1,000 boys and 636 girls. Fourteen of the schools were in Aglish ; and of these, one was a National school at Clonkeen, aided with £8 a-year from the Board, and 5 were free-schools in Castlebar, — one for boys, sufv ported by £20 from the rector, public subscnptions, and an annual charity sermon, — another for boys, supported chiefly by the National Board, and partly by subscription, — one for girls, supported by tbe London and Ladies' London Hibernian Societies, and by the rector and the public, — another for girls, su|>- ported chiefly by the National Board, and partly by subscription, — a third for girls, supported wholly by subscription.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 203

16. Castlebar County Gaol Reform of 1838

    Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1838–1842

    The county gaol in Castlebar's western suburbs was a new and very spacious erection that underwent thorough reform in 1838. However, it lacked some desirable facilities for effective prisoner classification due to being built just before new prison discipline provisions.

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    Public Buildings.^ — The castle whence Caatlebar has Us name, was a stronghold of the De Burghs, and existed long before the proper founding of the town. — The parhth-church has a somewhat ornamental appearance, and is surmounted by a lofty spire. The Roman Catholic chapel is noticeable chiefly for its large proportions and its substantial masonry. — The court-house, situated at the soutbea>t corner of the square, diagonally opposite the parish-church, is a handsome edifice. The barrack, situated in an open space 200 yards behind the court-house, is always occupied by a party of military. The county gaol, situated in the western suburbs, is a new and very spacious erection, and underwent thorough reform in 1838 ; yet, in consequence of having been built just before the enactment of the last provisions for salutary prison discipline, it wants some desirable facilities for the DK>st effective classitication. On the inspection-day, in 1840, the prisoners were 26 females and 96 males ; and were iound to be occupied as follows, — 20 females at work, and 6 at prison duties, — 44 males at useful trades, 11) at stone-breaking, 26 at the tread-wheel, and i) at pri>on.duties. On Dec. 31, 1842, the pri'.oner^ were 45 male debtors, I female debtor, 1(0 tried male criminals, 17 untried male criminab, '2*2 tried female criminals, 12 untried female criminals, 6 sick in hospital, 2 male lunatics, and 3

    female lunatics. The total number confined during 1842 was 1,171 ; the average number at one period, between 16i3 and 169; the maximum number, 210; the number of cells, 128 ; the number of beds in other rooms, 60. The total expenses of the gaol during 1842, amounted to £2,386 17s. 8id. ; and the average cost of each prisoner was £14 3s. 9id — The linen-hall and the assembly-room are in one building ; the latter above, and the former below The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

17. Castlebar Lough and its islets

    Lannagh or Castlebar Lough · lake or lakes · Mayo

    Castlebar Lough, also called Lough Dan or Lough Lannagh, extends over three miles from Clonkeen toward Castlebar town, with pleasing and occasionally picturesque views. Its chief islets are Shitten and Rabbit Islands, and Rahans, the seat of Mr. Browne, stands on its north shore. The lake contains char and gillaroo trout and has escaped the devastations of the pike.

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    CASTLEBAR, a lake, a rivulet, and a bog, in CO. Mavo, Connaught. The lake is an aqueous belt, upwards of 3 miles in length, about one-fourth of a mile in mean breadth, extending from Clonkeen east-north-eastward to the immediate \'icinity of the town of Castlebar. It has great sinuosity and considerable intricacy of outline ; and, though nowhere bold in feature, or possessed of any of the more striking elements oi lake-scenery, presents views which are aggregated pleasing, and occasionally picturesque. Its chief islets bear the names of Shitten and Rabbit Islands. On its north shore is Rahans, the seat of Mr. Browne. This lake has not suffered from the devastations of the pike ; and contains the char and the gillaroo trout. The lake of IsLANDEADT [see that article] lies to the west, and sends hither its superfluent waters along a run of about half-a-mile. Between the two is the loughlet called Black Lough; and at various points >vithin a brief distance, are Loughs Mallart, Domhayduff, Clondeasie, Salleen, Sarsfield, and 5 or 0 ponds. All the lacustrine group — the largest of which, excepting Castlebar and Islandeady lakes, is less than a mile long — are often popularly called the Lakes of Castlebar; while that which bears, par ercelience, the name of Castlebar Lough, is distmctively called Lough Dan or Lannagh. The area of this lake comprises 90 acres, 2 roods, 8 perches, within the pari<%h of Islandeady, and 377 acres, 29 perches, within the parish of Castlebar; and its surfaceelevation above the level of the sea is 110 feet. — The Castlebar rivulet issues from Lough Dan in the immediate vicinity of the town, cuts the town eastward into two nearly equal parts, and has a course of about 9 or 10 miles, chiefly eastward, to the head of Lough Cullen, the southern expansion of Lough Conn. The last third or fourth of its run is entirely through bog. — Castlebar hog lies a little south of Loughs Dan and Islandeady, extends parnllol with these lakes, reaches to within a mile of Castlebar town, extends westward 4 miles, with a mean breadth of about 2 miles, and sends off a narrow projection about l^ mile farther west, but is much intersected by peninsulx of sound land, and contains one considerable derry, and several loughlets and ponds. Most of it lies within the basin of the Castlebar lakes, and sends off its drainage through Lough Conn and the Moy to the sea at Killalla; but part is within the basin of Lough Mask, and sends off its drainage through the great Corrib chain of lakes to the sea at Gal way. The bog has an extreme altitude above high water sea-level of 189 feet ; varies in depth from 14 to 34 feet ; and is incumbent chiefly on limestone. The proposed plan, and the estimated costs of improving it, may be seen on i>p. 13.'3, 134, of the third report of the Commissioners on the Bogs of Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 203

18. Castlebar Poor Law Union Established 1839

    Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1839–1841

    The Castlebar Poor-law union, ranked as the 83rd, was declared on November 9, 1839, and lay entirely in County Mayo. It comprehended 232 square miles with a population of 58,001 in 1831, with its workhouse contracted for in August 1840 to accommodate 600 paupers.

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    Poor Jaw Union.'] — The Castlebar Poor-law union ranks as the 83d, and was declared on Nov. 9, 1839. It all lies in the county of Mayo, and comprebends an area of 232 square miles, or 148,477 acres, with a population, in 1831, of 58,001. Its electoral divisions, and their respective population, in 1831, are Castlebar. 12,111; Islandeady, 3,629; Addergoole, 6,714; Turlough, 6,948 ; Strade, 7,777; Balla, 3,755; Drum, 4,806; Ballintobber, 6,212; Ballyhean, 3,734 ; and Breafy, 2,315. Its ex-ofTicio guardians are 7, and its elected guardians 21 ; and of the latter 4 are returned by Castlebar division, 3 by each of the divisions of Addergoole, Strade, and Ballintobber, 2 each by Turlough and Drum, and I each by Islandeady, Balla, Ballyhean, and Breafy. The valuator was appointed on Feb. 18th, 1840; and the workhouse was contracted for on Aug. 28th, 1840,— to be completed in Oct. 1841,— to cost £6,300 for building and completion, and £1,259 8s. l^d. for fittings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 7 acres, purchased for £340 1 Is. lO^d., — and to contain accommodation for 600 paupers. There is no fever hospital in the union. The dispensary districts are those of Balla and Ballyglass, Castlebar and Turlough ; and jointly comprehend an area of 133,460 acres, with a popuUtion, in 1831, of 52,048. The Castlebar dispensary serves for a district of 64,186 acres, with a population of 29,689; and, in 1840l^1, it expended £159 5b. 8Ad., and made 6,312 dispensations of medicine to 2,723 patients.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

19. Castlebar rivulet and its course

    Castlebar · town · Mayo

    The Castlebar rivulet issues from Lough Dan near the town, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and runs about nine or ten miles chiefly eastward to the head of Lough Cullen. The last third or fourth of its course passes entirely through bog.

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    CASTLEBAR, a lake, a rivulet, and a bog, in CO. Mavo, Connaught. The lake is an aqueous belt, upwards of 3 miles in length, about one-fourth of a mile in mean breadth, extending from Clonkeen east-north-eastward to the immediate \'icinity of the town of Castlebar. It has great sinuosity and considerable intricacy of outline ; and, though nowhere bold in feature, or possessed of any of the more striking elements oi lake-scenery, presents views which are aggregated pleasing, and occasionally picturesque. Its chief islets bear the names of Shitten and Rabbit Islands. On its north shore is Rahans, the seat of Mr. Browne. This lake has not suffered from the devastations of the pike ; and contains the char and the gillaroo trout. The lake of IsLANDEADT [see that article] lies to the west, and sends hither its superfluent waters along a run of about half-a-mile. Between the two is the loughlet called Black Lough; and at various points >vithin a brief distance, are Loughs Mallart, Domhayduff, Clondeasie, Salleen, Sarsfield, and 5 or 0 ponds. All the lacustrine group — the largest of which, excepting Castlebar and Islandeady lakes, is less than a mile long — are often popularly called the Lakes of Castlebar; while that which bears, par ercelience, the name of Castlebar Lough, is distmctively called Lough Dan or Lannagh. The area of this lake comprises 90 acres, 2 roods, 8 perches, within the pari<%h of Islandeady, and 377 acres, 29 perches, within the parish of Castlebar; and its surfaceelevation above the level of the sea is 110 feet. — The Castlebar rivulet issues from Lough Dan in the immediate vicinity of the town, cuts the town eastward into two nearly equal parts, and has a course of about 9 or 10 miles, chiefly eastward, to the head of Lough Cullen, the southern expansion of Lough Conn. The last third or fourth of its run is entirely through bog. — Castlebar hog lies a little south of Loughs Dan and Islandeady, extends parnllol with these lakes, reaches to within a mile of Castlebar town, extends westward 4 miles, with a mean breadth of about 2 miles, and sends off a narrow projection about l^ mile farther west, but is much intersected by peninsulx of sound land, and contains one considerable derry, and several loughlets and ponds. Most of it lies within the basin of the Castlebar lakes, and sends off its drainage through Lough Conn and the Moy to the sea at Killalla; but part is within the basin of Lough Mask, and sends off its drainage through the great Corrib chain of lakes to the sea at Gal way. The bog has an extreme altitude above high water sea-level of 189 feet ; varies in depth from 14 to 34 feet ; and is incumbent chiefly on limestone. The proposed plan, and the estimated costs of improving it, may be seen on i>p. 13.'3, 134, of the third report of the Commissioners on the Bogs of Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 203

20. Castle-Blakeney parish church rebuilt 1832

    Castleblakeney · townland · Galway · 1812–1832

    The old church in Castle-Blakeney (Killasolan) parish, co. Galway, was repaired and steeple reconstructed in 1812 with Board of First Fruits grants. The church was rebuilt in 1832 with a gift of £300 from the same Board.

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    scboolbouse, and two lines of cabins. Fairs are held on Jan. 1, Whitsun- Tuesday, July 26, and Oct. 9. Area of the village, 25 acres. Pop., in 1841,233. Houses 36. A mile distant, and at the intersection of the old Ballinasloe road, is the Inn of GlanUne.-— This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in thedio ofElphin. Vicarial tithe composition, £300; glebe, £80. Gross income, £380; nett, £355. Patron, alternately the Crown and the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £100. The rectorial tithes are compounded for about £10, and are impropriate in Lord Clonbrock. The old church was repaired and the steeple reconstructed in 1812, bv means of a gia of £184 I2s. 34d., and a loan of the same amount, from the late Board of First Fruits ; and the church was rebuilt in 1832, by means of a gift of £300 from that Board. Sittings 100 ; attendance 45. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,500. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 115, and the Roman Catholics to 4,561 ; and 5 daily schools — one of which was aided with some advantages from Lord Ffrench, one with £2 a-vear from Lord Clonbrock, one with £9 from the London Ladies' Hibernian Society, and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society, and one with £3 from Mr. Blakeney, and graduated allowances from the London Hibernian Society and the archbishop of Tuam — had on their books 258 boys and 163 girb.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

21. Castle-Blayney founded around Sir Edward Blayney's fortalice

    Castleblayney · town · Monaghan · 1603–1621

    Sir Edward Blayney, governor of Monaghan under James I, built a fortalice that became the nucleus of Castle-Blayney town as a safe halting-place for troops travelling from Newry. He was rewarded with the estate and created Baron Blayney of Monaghan in 1621.

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    CASTLE-BLAYNEY, a post and market town, in the parish of Mucknoe, barony of Cremorne, co. Monaghan, Ulster. It stands on the road from Dublin to Londonderry, 9^ miles south-west of Newton- Hamilton, 9^ north of Carrickmacross, 11^ south by east of Monaghan, 12^ north-west of Dundalk, and 49^ north by west of Dublin. Sir Edward Blayney, who was governor of Monaghan in the reign of James I., built the fortalice which originally bore the name of Castle-Blayney, and which occasioned the erection around it of the nucleus of tb« present town. Monaghan was at that time dependent for supplies by an inland carriage of 24 miles from Newry, and, owing to the frequent prevalence of war, could with difficulty obtain them ; and Sir Edward Blayney erected the fortalice as a haltingplace of safety for parties of transport and of roval troops on the way from Newry ; and was rewarded for this service by the grant of the fine estate which his posterity, the Barons and ViscounU Blaney, have since enjoyed. Sir Edward claimed descent from Cadwallader, a prince or king of Cambria ; he served in the Low Countries in the reign of Elizabeth, and afterwards accompanied the Earl of Essex to Ireland; and, in 1621, he was by James I. created Baron Blayney of Monaghan. The 7th, 9th, 10th, and 12th Barons have each, in commemoration and maintenance of their claim to royal Welsh descent, borne the baptismal name of Cadwallader. Davis. The demesne of the Viscounts adjoins the town ; and, in spite of its being presided over by a plain though commodious mansion, it yields in the elements of calm and soothing interest to few demesnes in the north. It has no bold features, yet enjoys some beautiful combinations of wood and water. ** It embraces the whole of the lovely Lough Macknoe, its pretty islets and softly swelling boundaries ; and the rich foliage which now mantlet the latter adds much to the splendour of the scenery. The plantations also clothe many of the surrounding heights; and while they increase the beauty of Lord Blayney *s residence, they add to the appear, ance and comfort of his respectable town. On one of the small islands in the lake are the ruins of an ancient fortress." [Fraier.] The town never acquired any consequence till about the close of last Z

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

22. Castlecaulfield: 1614 castle built on Fort O'Donnelly, destroyed 1641

    near Castlecaulfield · village · Tyrone · 1614–1641

    The castle was commenced in 1614 by Sir Toby Caulfield on the site of an ancient fortalice called Fort O'Donnelly, and received additions from the second Lord Charlemont. In 1641, while Lord Charlemont was absent commanding the fort of Charlemont on the Blackwater, the castle was captured, burnt, and demolished by Patrick O'Donnelly. Sir Phelim O'Neill subsequently treacherously seized and barbarously put Lord Charlemont to death.

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    CASTLE-CAULFIELD, a village in the parish of Donaghmore, barony of Dungannon, 2 miles west of the town of Dungannon, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the low road from Dungannon to Omagh. The castle whence it has its name was commenced, in 1614, by Sir Toby Caulfield, the first Lord Charlemont, on the site ot an ancient fortalice called Fort O'Donnelly [see Balltdonnbllt] ; it received from the second Lord Charlemont toe addition of a strong keep, and of » large gate-house with towers ; and, m 1641, while Toby, the third Lord Charlemont, was absent in command of the fort of Charlemont on the Blackwater, it was captured, burnt, and demolished, by Patrick O'Donnelly, sumamed Moder or the Gloomy. Sir Phelim O'Neill, so well known in Irish history for his savage ferocity of character, tore the seal from » royal patent which he had accidentally found, and affixed to it a spurious commission investing him with authority to perpetrate various foul deeds of blood ; and, sanctioned by this vile document, he treacherously seiied Lord Charlemont, affected to take him under his protection, and barbarously put him to death. In the vicinity of the village i« Parkanour, the seat of J. Ingr Burgess, Esq. Fairs are held on Shrovei-- Tuesday, Whitsun-Monday, Aug. 14, and Nor. 30/

    CAS

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

23. Castle-Connell castle dismantled and Brian Boru's grandson murdered

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick

    The castle at Castle-Connell was dismantled and blown up. The grandson of Brian Boromh (Brian Boru) is said to have been treacherously murdered within its walls by the Prince of Thomond.

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    It, he dismantled it, and blew it up. The grandson of the famous Brian Boromh is said to have been treacherously murdered within its walls by the Prince of Thomond. A chalybeate spring at the town was long ago celebrious, and was placed by Dr. Rutty m the same table with the German spa : its water is of the same specific gravity as that of the German spa, and has a ferruginous and astringent taste. The town resembles more the scattered and opulent outskirt of a city than a separate and compact scat of population ; and is long, straggling, and of very diversiiied appearance, — consisting of cabins, cottages, villas, lodging-houses, and taverns, to suit the various circumstances of the parties who frequent it for the sake of its scenery and its spa. A dispensary here is within the Limerick Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 6,315; and, in 1639-40, its receipts were £102 Is., and its expenditure Jb'lll 16s. S^d. One of the De Burgo family was created

    Baron of Castle- Connell in the reign of Elizabeth

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

24. Castle Connell castle ruins on isolated rock

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick

    The castle of Castle Connell stands in ruin on the summit of an isolated rock in the town. It was built by Conal, a celebrated chieftain of the district, said to have been a seat of the O'Briens, kings of Munster, and was later enlarged by the English and given to De Burgo.

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    moment recollect any example of more attractive river-scenery. The wide, deep, clear, river is, for more than a quarter of a mile, almost a cataract; and this, to an English eye, must be particularly striking. It is only in the streams and rivulets of England that rapids are found ; the larger rivers generally glida smoothly on without impediments from rocks ; the Thames, Trent, Mersey, and Severn, when they lose the character of streams, and become rivers, hold a noiseless course; but the Shannon, larger than all the four, here pours that immense body of water, which above the rapids is 40 feet deep, and 300 yards wide, through and above a congregation of huge stones and rocks, which extend nearly half-a-mile ; and offers not only an unusual scene, but a spectacle approaching much nearer to the sublime than any moderate-sized stream can offer even in its highest cascade. None of the Welsh waterfalls, nor the Geisbach in Switzerland, can compare for a moment in grandeur and effect with the rapids of the Shannon. Nor is the river the only attractive object at Castle-Connell ; its adjuncts are all beautiful. The greenest of lawns rise from it ; the finest timber fringes it ; magnificent mansions tower above their surrounding woods ; swelling knolls are dotted with cattle and sheep. * * The inn at Castle-Connell is beautifully situated, and very moderate in its charges; and the inhabitants of Limerick make abundant use of it ; for, besides that Castle-Connell is resorted to as summer-quarters, it is also a noted rendezvous of the tradespeople on Sundays and holidays. Houses are scarce and dear. For a ver^ small house £\0 a-month is asked; and a couple of rooms indifferently furnished could not be had for less than 25s. per week." In a progress up the river, immediately above the village, ** nothing could be greener than the sloping banks which we rowed swiftly by : they were adorned, too, on the Limerick side especially, by several pretty villas ; and this being hayseason, the slanting sunshine falling athwart the after-grass, bathed it in hues that were almost too brilliant to be natural The river is here from 200 to 300 yards wide, and averages from 30 to 40 feet in depth. About 2 miles up the river from Castle- Connell, we reached 0'Brien*s Bridge, an old bridge with a castle, and small village on the Clare side of the river. The bridge has 13 arches, and is only interesting from its antiquity. There is a slight fall of water, but not so much as to occasion any difficulty or danger, either in ascending or in shooting the arch. Bevond O'Brien's Bridge the country improves ; fine cultivated hills appear at some little distance from the river ; and although a deficiency of wood may be remarked, the views on either side present many sweet pictures of quiet pastoral scenery,— verdant slopes, and drowsy cattle, and noddinr Mrater-lilies, and here and there a iiirm-houie, and its more animated accompaniments." The Limerick canal, connecting the city of Limerick with the natural navigation of the Shannon above the rapids, passes along the parish ; and the Commissioners for the Improvement of the Shannon projected cbanget at Castle-Connell to cost £7,000, and other changes in the vicinitv of O'Brien's Bridge to cost X4,0O0. The castle whence town and parish have their luune stands in ruin on the summit of an isolated rock in the town, and forms a very picturesque object. It was built by Conal, a celebrated chieftain of the diatrict, and is said to have been a seat of the O'Briens, king4 of Munster; and it was afterwards enlarged by the English, and given to De Burgo, a baron of the family of Fitz-Andelin, on condition of his holding it for the English Crown. During the siege of Limerick, De Ginckle thought it a dangerous neighbour to the city ; and, tfier obtaining possession of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

25. Castle-Connell chalybeate spa compared to German spa

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick

    A chalybeate spring at Castle-Connell was long celebrated and was compared by Dr. Rutty to the German spa, having the same specific gravity and a ferruginous, astringent taste. The town's scattered appearance catered to visitors drawn by its scenery and spa.

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    It, he dismantled it, and blew it up. The grandson of the famous Brian Boromh is said to have been treacherously murdered within its walls by the Prince of Thomond. A chalybeate spring at the town was long ago celebrious, and was placed by Dr. Rutty m the same table with the German spa : its water is of the same specific gravity as that of the German spa, and has a ferruginous and astringent taste. The town resembles more the scattered and opulent outskirt of a city than a separate and compact scat of population ; and is long, straggling, and of very diversiiied appearance, — consisting of cabins, cottages, villas, lodging-houses, and taverns, to suit the various circumstances of the parties who frequent it for the sake of its scenery and its spa. A dispensary here is within the Limerick Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 6,315; and, in 1639-40, its receipts were £102 Is., and its expenditure Jb'lll 16s. S^d. One of the De Burgo family was created

    Baron of Castle- Connell in the reign of Elizabeth

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

26. Castle-Coole mansion of the Earl of Belmore

    Castle Coole · townland · Fermanagh

    Castle-Coole, one mile east of Enniskillen, is a magnificent Grecian-style mansion built of Portland stone after a design by Wyatt, costing upwards of £200,000. It ranks as the finest private Grecian edifice in Ireland, with a Doric portico, colonnades, and lavish interior decorations.

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    , serves for a district of 29,561 acres, with a pop. cf 8,273; and, in 1839-40, it expended £91 158. 8d., I and made 2,239 dispensations -of medidne. — This I parish is a vicarage in the dio. -of KilkUU. The vicarial and the rectorial tithes are each compounded I for £238 3s. O^d. ; and the latter are appropriate, I and held under lease from the diocesan, but have been vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The vicarages of Castle-Connor and Kilolasb [see that article] constitute the benefice of Castle-Connor. . Length, 8^ miles ; breadth, between 3 and 4 miles. Pop., in 1831, 8,782. Gross income, £578 lis. 0|d.; nett, £440 9s. 2^d, The incumbent is also prebendary of KiLLANLET : which see. A curate has a stipend of £75. Castle-Connor church is situated on the lands of Killanley, has a tower and spire, and , was built in 1818, at the cost of £876 18s. 5|d., I between £830 and £831 of which was gifted by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 292; attendance 70. There is a church also in Kilglass. Two Roman Catholic chapels in the two parishes are parochially united, and have each an attendance of 500. In 1834, the ProtestanU of Castle-Connor parish amounted to 407, and the Roman Catholics to 4,370 ; the Protestants of the union to 747, and the Roman Catholics to 8,516 ; and 13 daily schools in the union — 4 of which were in Castle-Connor, and one of these 4 in connection with the Baptist Sodetf — had on their books 571 boys and 278 girls. CASTLE-CONWAY. See Killoboum. CASTLE-COOLE, the magnificent mansion and demesne of the Earl of Belmore, 1 mile east of Enniskillen, co. Fermanagh, Ulster. The manstoo is built of Portland stone, in the Grecian style of architecture, after a design by Wyatt; and it cost upwards of £200^000, and ranks as the finest prifate Grecian edifice in Ireland, or perhaps in the three kingdoms. Its principal front presents, in Doric architecture, a tetrastyle portico sunnounted by a pediment, and two equal wings connected with the centre by handsome colonnades of fluted pillars; and its interior is so profuse in ''splendid mirrors, porphyry pilasters, inlaid doors," and other elements of magnificence, as to *' remind one of the palaces and churches of Italy and Spain.*' The offices and gardens, and the extent, contour, and wood and water embellishment of the demesne, are quite in keeping with the style of the mansion.

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27. Castle-Cuffe castle begun 1641 by Sir Charles Coote, burned by rebels

    Castlecuffe · townland · Laois · 1641

    A large castle at Castle-Cuffe was begun in 1641 by Sir Charles Coote and named 'Cuffe' after the maiden name of his lady. Before being completed, it was burned by the rebels and never re-edified; its ruins still remain. The Earl of Desart takes the title of Viscount from this place.

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    turned with the parish. A large castle, the ruins of which still remain, was begun here, in 1641, by Sir Charles Coote, and was named •Cuffe,* after the maiden name of his lady; but, before being completed, it was burned by the rebels, and it was never re-edified. The Earl of Desart takes from this plaee the title of Viscount.

    CASTLK-DAWSON. a village in the parish of Magheratelt, barony of Loughinsholin, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It stands on the Moyowla river, and on the road from Ma^herafelt to Ahoghill, 2 miles north-east by north of Magherafelt, and 2 railes northwest of the north-western extremity of Lough Neagh. It eontains a chapeUof-ease, a Presbyterian meetinghouse, and some good stone dwelling 'houses; and stands in the midst of a pleaj<ant country. A monthly market is held on Saturday; and fairs are held on Jan. 1, April 12, June I, and Aug. I. The inhabitants of both the village and its neighbourhood are almost wholly employed in the linen manufacture. The chapel-of-ease was built in 17'*iO, at the private expense of Joshua Dawson, Esq., of Castle- Dawson; and is endowed with the lay tithes of the Rillequin estate in tiie parish of Ra&harkin, purchased for the purpose by the late Board of First Fruits, and compounded for £4iy 3s. Id. Sittings 200. Though the villaire is almost wholly on the Magherafelt side of the Moyowla, the chapelry is understood to be erected within the parish of Bullyscullion. The man-ion and demesne of Castle-Da wson adjoin the villa;:e, and are the property of the Right Hon. G. K. Dawson, brother-in-law of Sir Robert Peel, Bart. Area ot the village, 24 acres. Pop., in 1831, 674; in 1841,575. Houses 106.

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28. Castlederg village near superstitious Lough Derg

    near Castlederg · town · Tyrone

    Castlederg stands on the rivulet Derg in County Tyrone, ten miles north-east of Lough Derg, which is celebrated in popular superstition. The village contains a Presbyterian meeting-house and holds regular fairs.

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    C ASTLE-DERG, a village in the parish of Skirts, barony of Omagh, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the rivulet Derg, and near the north-west extremity of the county, 7 miles west of Newtown^-Stewart, and 10 miles north-east of Lough Derg, so celebrated in popular superstition. In the village is a Presbyterian meeting-house; and fairs are held on Jan. 1, Feb. 1(>, May 20, July 1, Aug. 8, Oct 20, and Dec. 3. Area, 11 acres. Pop., in 1831, 575; in 1841,

    47^5. Houses 74 The Castle-Derg Poor-law union

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29. Castle-Dermot claims antiquity older than Dublin

    Castledermot · town · Kildare

    Castle-Dermot, though now a poor village, claims a higher antiquity than Dublin and is alleged to have been the residence of the Dermota, Kings of Leinster. It was formerly surrounded by a wall with four gates and was a place of considerable strength. Earl Strongbow found it in possession of the O'Tooles and conferred it on Walter De Riddlesford.

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    Castle-Dermot, though now a poor village, claims a higher antiquity than Dublin; and is alleged by

    Sevrard and some other topographists to have been the residence of the Dermota, Kings of Leiiuter. It was formerly surrounded bv a wall with four

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30. Castle-Dermot in the 1641 rebellion and 1650 capture

    Castledermot · town · Kildare · 1641–1650

    During the rebellion of 1641, Castle-Dermot was alternately in the possession of the contending parties. In 1650, it was taken by Colonels Reynolds and Hewson, and since that period it has been crumbling away in silence, a stranger to the turbulence of war.

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    Sites ; and was a place of considerable strength. A bulous legend asserts that, about the year 500, St. Diermit founded here a priory for regular canons ; and a story, currently believed, though very doubtfully authenticated, asserts that Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town, and interred in St. Diermit's priory, and that, about the same time, or in the year 842 or 844, the town was plundered bv the Danes. Earl Strongbow found the place, and the territory around it, in posteasion of the ancient sept of O'Tohills or O'Tooles ; and he conferred them on his follower, Walter De Riddlesford, the founder of the castle and the Crouched Friary. In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldinei had quarrelled respecting some land in Connaught, and had filled the kingdom with tumult and war, a meeting for the discussion of their claims was held at Castle-Dermot, and issued in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella, Lord-justice of Ireland, being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and his party, and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley. In 1315, while Bruce was overrunning ' Ireland, the Lordjustice made a great slaughter of insurgents at Castle-Dermot, who took advantage of the government being engaged with the invader to fling off their allegiance ; and next year, Bruce himself took and devastated the town, but shortly afterwards was, with much slaughter, defeated in its neighboarhood, by Lord Edmund Butler. In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a smaU army, advanced as fiiir as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster ; and while he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea. In 1499, a parliament was held in the town, and distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, — among others, Uiat both deigy and lait^ should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles when they were on horseback, and wear their robes when tiiey were in parliament. In 1532, Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, while in rebellion, and running a career of devastation, entered Castle-Dermot on a great market-day, killed many of the persons who were assembled, plundered the inhabitants, and destroyed numerous houses with fire. During the rebellion of 1641, the town was alternately in the possession of the eontending parties ; in 1650, it was taken by Colooeb Reynolds and Hewson ; and since that period it hM been crumbling away in silence, — a stranger to the turbulence of war, and scarcely less a stranger to

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31. Castle-Drum ruined fortalice in Kerry

    Castledrum · townland · Kerry

    Castle-Drum is an old and ruined fortalice on the western border of the barony of Trughenackmy, three miles west of Castlemaine in County Kerry. It was built by the Moriarties or Murries, by an heiress of whom the Fitzgeralds obtained their Kerry possessions, and was demolished in the wars of 1641.

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    CASTLE-DRUM, an old and ruined fortalice, on the western border of the barony of Trughenackmy, 3 miles west of Castlemaine, co. Kerry, Munster. It was built by the Moriarties or Murries, by an heiress of whom all the Fitzgeralds got their Kerry possessions; and was demoUshed in the wars of 1G41.

    CASTLE-DURROW. See Durrow.

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32. Castle erected at Coleraine in 1213

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1213

    In 1213, a castle was erected at Coleraine by Thomas MacUchtry and the Gauls of Ulster. A priory of canons is alleged to have existed before the mid-6th century and to have been demolished down to its pavement as a quarry for the castle's construction.

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    In 1213, a castle was erected at Coleraine bf Thomas MacUchtry and the Gauls of Ulster. A,

    Sriory of canons is alleged to hare been foaaded ' ere before the middle of the 6th century, mi. to have been erased down to its very pavement as a quarry for the construction of the castle. Tet the popular story which says so — and which asserts dso that the first ** bishop, or *' mitred abbot, " of the ** priory" was St Carbreus, a disciple of St. 1 of Clonard, and that the second " bishop *' wm Eonall, the contemporary of St. Columb, '* the foaoder of the abbey of Derry" — bids us believe that the church of the priory totally escaped dUapidatioa, and is the well-preserved edifice now used as the parish-church ! ** I think the probability is," too^ says Mr. Sampson, *' that some other eon vent catended from the church of Coleraine to the hoaki of the Bann, near Mr. Rice's. In digging foaaji tions, bones have been found in great numben ul the latter place ; and at the former,** I undentMd. ** some slight traces have been remembered.'* Doahtful record tells us that in 030, Ardmedius, abbut of Coleraine, yna cruelly murdered by the T

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 227

33. Castle-Finn market town on the river Finn

    Castlefinn · town · Donegal

    Castle-Finn is a small market and post town in Donegal, standing on the river Finn which is navigable to the town. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday, Whitsun-Monday, and other dates; the population in 1841 was 567.

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    CASTLE-FINN, a small market and post town in the parish of Donaghmore, barony of Raphoe, co. Donegal, Ulster. It stands on the river Finn, and on the road from Strabane to Glenties, 5 miles westsouth-west of Strabane, and 6 east of Stranorlar. The Finn is navigable to the town. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday, Whitsun- Monday, the Monday before the 10th of Oct., Nov. 22, and the Monday after Christmas. Area, 19 acres. Pop., in 1841, 567. Houses 88.

    CASTLE-FOGARTY, a demesne in the parish of Ballycahill, barony of Eliogurty, co. Tipperary, Munster. The mansion is in the castellated English style of architecture ; and is one of the most handsome edifices of its class in Ireland. James Lennigan, Esq., the proprietor, is the heir and representative of the Milesian family of O'Fogarty, ancient lords of Eliogurty. This family suffered much in the cause of Jacobitism ; and Cornelius O'Fogarty, one of its members, and an eminent musician, distinguished himself as a Captain in the army of James II.

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34. Castle-Gar demesne of Sir Ross Mahon

    near Castlegar · street · Galway

    The beautiful demesne of Castle-Gar occupies the tabular summit of a gently-sloping hill midway between the Castle-Gar bog and Ahascragh. It is the property of Sir Ross Mahon, Bart.

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    CASTLE-GAR,a bog and a demesne in the barony of Kilconnel, co. Galway, Connaught. The bog is separated from the bogs of Castle- Ffrench and Clonshee [see Castlk- Ffrench], simply by the Clonshce rivulet; and extends *2^ miles southward, from a point 2 miles ea>t of Ahascragh. It is bounded on the north and north-east by the Clonshee rivulet ; on the east and south-east by the river Suck, which divides it from the Olonadragh, Feevagh, and Derrycahel bogs ; and on the south-west and west by tne high hill of Eglish, and the lands of Lower Ballyglass and Annabeg. Area, 3,215 English acres; average depth, 20 feet ; estimated cost of reclamation, £3,130 8s. 2d.— The beautiful demesne of Castle-Gar, the property of Sir Ross Mahon, Bart., occupies the tabular summit of a broad-based and gently-sloping bill, midway between the bog and Ahascrajfh.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

35. Castle-Gregory fortalice and Walter Hussey's defence

    Castlegregory · town · Kerry · 1641–1649

    The town of Castlegregory takes its name from a fortalice held before the 1641 wars by Walter Hussey, proprietor of the Magheries and Ballybeggan. Hussey garrisoned the castle against Cromwell's forces, escaped by night to Minard Castle, and was blown up there when the English laid powder under its vaults.

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    CASTLEGREGORY, a small town in the parish of Kilieiny, barony of Corkaguiney, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the isthmus of the long, narrow peninsula which separates Tralee bay from Brandon bay ; and is about 9 miles east>north-east of Dingle, and 13 west of Tralee. Though peopled chiefly with the families of fishermen, who are boatowners, it has no quay for the encouragement of the fisheries. A dispensary here is within the Tralee Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 7,852 ; and, in 1839-40, it received £327, and made 1,260 dispensations of medicine. The town gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kerry. See KiLLEiNY. Dr. Smith gives the following account of the fortalice of Castle-Gregory, whence the town has its name : " Before the wars of 1641, it was possessed by Walter Hussey, Esq., who was proprietor of the Magheries and Ballybeggan, who, having a considerable party under his command, made a garrison of his castle, where, being long pressed by Cromwell's forces, he escaped in the night with all his men, and got into Minard Castle, in which, being quickly beset by the Colonels Lehunt and Sadler, after some time spent, the English observing tha^hc besieged made use of pewter bullets, he and his men were blown up by powder laid under the vaults of tl.c castle." Area of the town, 33 acres. Pop., in IS31, 970 ; in 1841. 504. Houses 77-

    CASTLE-HACKET, a demesne in the barony of Clare, 4 miles west -south- west of Tuam, on the roiid thence to Headfort, co. Galway, Connaught. Tlie handsome mansion, the seat of John Kirwan, I>q., and the ornamental grounds around it, are situated on the north side of the road; and the picturesque and romantic hill of Knockma, or Knockroe, rises immediately to the south of it, soars sudd« Illy up in a steep ascent, carries aloft an expanse of fore-t, and ligures as the most prominent and iutereslii'g feature of an extensive landscape. This hill is crowned by an ancient cairn, and by some castellated buildings and crennelated walls, which locally bear the name of Mrs. Kirwan's Folly ; it surpasses

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

36. Castleisland castle taken by Sir Ralph Ufford, 1345

    Castleisland · town · Kerry · 1345

    Held for Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first Earl of Desmond, by Sir Eustace Le Poer, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel, the castle of Castleisland was taken in 1345 by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord-justice of Ireland.

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    The town of Castle-Island stands on the rivulet Many, at the head of the valley of Tralee, and at the intersection of the two principal roads which traverse Castle- Island parish, 8} miles east by south of Tralee, II miles south by west of Abbeyfeale, 12 miles north by cast of Killarney, and 135 southwest of Dublin. The descent both of the Cork road and of the Abbeyfeale road, in the long traverses the^ make in order to gain an easy declination from their upland altitude to the valley at the town, commands a grand prospect of the fertile spreading strath on the foreground, and of the bold and majestic outlines of the Corkaguiney mountains in the distance. Several rivulets unite a little below the town to form the river Maine. Various comfortable residences are sprinkled over the environs; and mansions are comparatively numerous toward Tralee and Killarney — Castle- Island, though once a principal town of Kerry, was suffered to fall into decay ; and only a few years ago it lay in comparative desolation ; but it is now in the course of being restored. It contains the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, a sessions- house, a prison, several schools, two inns, a dispensary, and an old castle. It once had a court-house for the assizes of the county ; a town-house, whose front was arcaded, and bad a row of Tuscan columns ; and capacious and constantly occupied barracks. The church presents haggard mdications of having originallv been a fine building. The prison is simply a district-bridewell, and is kept in aiidmirable order. The dispensary is within the Tralee Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 22,493 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended J£l40 7s. 8d., and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The old castle was formerly called the Castle of the Island of Kerry, and is said to have been erected in 1220 by Geoffrey Maurice or De Mariscis, Lord-justice of Ireland. Its walls were formerly surrounded by the rivulet Many, which was deepened and stagnated into a fosse, spanned by drawbridges, and protected by portcullises. The castle was anciently esteemed a place of considerable strength ; and, being held out by Sir Eustace Le Poer, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel, for Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first E^rl of Desmond, it was taken in 1345 by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord -justice of Ireland — The town, though at no great distance from Tralee, is well situated for a retail trade ; and it possesses facilities of water and fuel which might be advantageously subordinated to manufacture ; but it appears to be nearly inert, and to depend for support mainly on agricultural labour, and on the thoroughfare of the public roads. Fairs are held on Aug. 1, and Oct. 1. The nearest point of projected railway, is on the Shannon line at Askeaton, 37 statute miles distant. The public conveyances in 1838 were, a car to Listowel, a car in transit between Limerick and Killarney, a car in transit between Tralee and Cork, and a coach and a

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37. Castleisland's former court-house, town-house, and barracks

    Castleisland · town · Kerry

    Castleisland once had a court-house for the county assizes, a town-house with an arcaded front and a row of Tuscan columns, and capacious and constantly occupied barracks. The parish church shows haggard indications of having originally been a fine building.

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    The town of Castle-Island stands on the rivulet Many, at the head of the valley of Tralee, and at the intersection of the two principal roads which traverse Castle- Island parish, 8} miles east by south of Tralee, II miles south by west of Abbeyfeale, 12 miles north by cast of Killarney, and 135 southwest of Dublin. The descent both of the Cork road and of the Abbeyfeale road, in the long traverses the^ make in order to gain an easy declination from their upland altitude to the valley at the town, commands a grand prospect of the fertile spreading strath on the foreground, and of the bold and majestic outlines of the Corkaguiney mountains in the distance. Several rivulets unite a little below the town to form the river Maine. Various comfortable residences are sprinkled over the environs; and mansions are comparatively numerous toward Tralee and Killarney — Castle- Island, though once a principal town of Kerry, was suffered to fall into decay ; and only a few years ago it lay in comparative desolation ; but it is now in the course of being restored. It contains the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, a sessions- house, a prison, several schools, two inns, a dispensary, and an old castle. It once had a court-house for the assizes of the county ; a town-house, whose front was arcaded, and bad a row of Tuscan columns ; and capacious and constantly occupied barracks. The church presents haggard mdications of having originallv been a fine building. The prison is simply a district-bridewell, and is kept in aiidmirable order. The dispensary is within the Tralee Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 22,493 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended J£l40 7s. 8d., and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The old castle was formerly called the Castle of the Island of Kerry, and is said to have been erected in 1220 by Geoffrey Maurice or De Mariscis, Lord-justice of Ireland. Its walls were formerly surrounded by the rivulet Many, which was deepened and stagnated into a fosse, spanned by drawbridges, and protected by portcullises. The castle was anciently esteemed a place of considerable strength ; and, being held out by Sir Eustace Le Poer, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel, for Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first E^rl of Desmond, it was taken in 1345 by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord -justice of Ireland — The town, though at no great distance from Tralee, is well situated for a retail trade ; and it possesses facilities of water and fuel which might be advantageously subordinated to manufacture ; but it appears to be nearly inert, and to depend for support mainly on agricultural labour, and on the thoroughfare of the public roads. Fairs are held on Aug. 1, and Oct. 1. The nearest point of projected railway, is on the Shannon line at Askeaton, 37 statute miles distant. The public conveyances in 1838 were, a car to Listowel, a car in transit between Limerick and Killarney, a car in transit between Tralee and Cork, and a coach and a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

38. Castleisland town decay and restoration

    Castleisland · town · Kerry

    Castleisland, though once a principal town of Kerry, was allowed to fall into decay and lay in comparative desolation until recently, when it began to be restored. It contains a parish church, Roman Catholic chapel, sessions-house, prison, schools, inns, a dispensary, and the old castle.

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    The town of Castle-Island stands on the rivulet Many, at the head of the valley of Tralee, and at the intersection of the two principal roads which traverse Castle- Island parish, 8} miles east by south of Tralee, II miles south by west of Abbeyfeale, 12 miles north by cast of Killarney, and 135 southwest of Dublin. The descent both of the Cork road and of the Abbeyfeale road, in the long traverses the^ make in order to gain an easy declination from their upland altitude to the valley at the town, commands a grand prospect of the fertile spreading strath on the foreground, and of the bold and majestic outlines of the Corkaguiney mountains in the distance. Several rivulets unite a little below the town to form the river Maine. Various comfortable residences are sprinkled over the environs; and mansions are comparatively numerous toward Tralee and Killarney — Castle- Island, though once a principal town of Kerry, was suffered to fall into decay ; and only a few years ago it lay in comparative desolation ; but it is now in the course of being restored. It contains the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, a sessions- house, a prison, several schools, two inns, a dispensary, and an old castle. It once had a court-house for the assizes of the county ; a town-house, whose front was arcaded, and bad a row of Tuscan columns ; and capacious and constantly occupied barracks. The church presents haggard mdications of having originallv been a fine building. The prison is simply a district-bridewell, and is kept in aiidmirable order. The dispensary is within the Tralee Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 22,493 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended J£l40 7s. 8d., and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The old castle was formerly called the Castle of the Island of Kerry, and is said to have been erected in 1220 by Geoffrey Maurice or De Mariscis, Lord-justice of Ireland. Its walls were formerly surrounded by the rivulet Many, which was deepened and stagnated into a fosse, spanned by drawbridges, and protected by portcullises. The castle was anciently esteemed a place of considerable strength ; and, being held out by Sir Eustace Le Poer, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel, for Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first E^rl of Desmond, it was taken in 1345 by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord -justice of Ireland — The town, though at no great distance from Tralee, is well situated for a retail trade ; and it possesses facilities of water and fuel which might be advantageously subordinated to manufacture ; but it appears to be nearly inert, and to depend for support mainly on agricultural labour, and on the thoroughfare of the public roads. Fairs are held on Aug. 1, and Oct. 1. The nearest point of projected railway, is on the Shannon line at Askeaton, 37 statute miles distant. The public conveyances in 1838 were, a car to Listowel, a car in transit between Limerick and Killarney, a car in transit between Tralee and Cork, and a coach and a

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39. Castle-Knock barony boundary changes

    Castleknock · townland · Dublin · 1836–1837

    The barony of Castle-Knock in County Dublin underwent significant boundary alterations under the Act 6 and 7 William IV, including the transfer of the parish of Kilsullaghan to Nethercross and the transfer of 27 townlands in the parish of Finglass from Nethercross to Castle-Knock. Its surface forms part of a luxuriant plain famed for the fattening properties of its pasturage.

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    CASTLE-KNOCK, abarony in co. Dublin. Leinster. It is bounded on the north by Netbercross ; on the east by Coolock ; on the south-east by Dublin ; on the south by Newcastle ; and on the west by the county of Meatb. Its outline, as it existed previous to recent changes, was nearly triangular ; the sides facing the north-west, the east, and the south, and measuring respectively 10, 8^, and 7 miles ; but by authority of the Act 6 and 7 William IV.. the following alterations were made: the parish of Kilsullaghan was transferred from Castle-Knock to Netbercross ; 27 townlands or other denominations, in the parish of Finglass, were transferred from Nethercro-ss to Castle-Knock; a small portion of the parisli of St. James was transferred from the county of the city of Dublin to Castle- Knock; and Longmeadow townland, Phcpnix-park, and part of Liffeybanks in the parish of St. James, were transferred from Newcastle to Castle-Knock. The surface is nearly all a part of that luxuriant plain, the largest and most important in the kingdom, and well known to the graziers of both Ireland and England for the fattening properties of its pasturage, which extends at least 30 miles westward from Dublin bay, and northward, with some slight interruptions from the southern mountains of Dublin, to the low fertile

    hills of Meath and Louth This barony, as now

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40. Castleknock Castle ruins on commanding hillock

    Castleknock · townland · Dublin

    The ruins of Castleknock Castle occupy the summit of a bold, broken, and lofty hillock, commanding a view over the plain as far as Maynooth. They consist of part of a round tower or keep, one side of the intrenchments, and a little postern door in one of the battlement walls. A fabulous tradition holds the castle was a royal Danish residence visited by St. Patrick.

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    area, 7,124 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,251; in 1841, 4.063. Houses 663. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,725. Houses 600. The parochial surface comprises part of the north side of the softly picturesque vale of the Liffey, from the Phoenix- park westward, and part of the rich and lusciously pretty plain which is traversed by the Royal Canal. Numerous villas adorn the banks of the Liffey ; and gardens, shrubberies, and profuse beauties of culture, embellish the general surface. Mr. Fraser succinctly describes, in the following terms, very nearlv all the scenery and contents of the parish, as beheld along the road from Dublin to Navan, across its interior : ** The plantations of the Phcenix-park on the left are ioined by those of the villa grounds which adorn the left banks of the Liffey for many miles above the city ; and, in connection with them, at 4 miles from the town, the church, castle-ruins, and moat of Castle-Knock, as seen from this road, compose an interesting group. On the right, the bank forming the northern boundary of the narrow winding glade, through which the Tolka streamlet forces its tortuous course, is clothed with the hedge-row trees of several villas which link in with the plantations of Sheephill, the seat of James Hans Hamilton, Esq.*' The ruins of the castle at the village occupy the summit of a bold, broken, and lofty hillock, which commands a view over the plain as far as to the hill of Maynooth ; and consist of part of a round tower or keep, one side of the intrenchments, and a little postern door in one of the battlement walls. A manifestly fabulous story says that the castle was a royal Danish residence, and that St. Patrick visited it to attempt the conversion to Christianity of a Danish King, called Morrishtac. Other traditions are afloat respecting it, of a still more incredible and stupid character. The castle was built in the reign of Henry II., by Hugh de Tvrrel, Boron of Castle- Knock, and was long after the residence of his descendants. In 1316, Edward Bruce besieged and captured it, made Baron Hugh de Tvrrel and his lady prisoners, and would not release them till they paid a large ransom. In 1642, Colonel Monk, afterwards celebrated as the Duke of Albemarle, captured the castle, killed 80 adherents of royalty in assaulting it, and afterwards put others to death on the gibbet In 1647, the castle was taken from the republicans by Owen-Ros O'Neill, and Sir Thomas Esmond, Bart, at the head of a loyal force ; and at that time, or soon after, it was dismantled, and abandoned to decay. An abbey for regular canons of the order of Augustine was founded at the end of the 13th centurv, or beginning of the 14th, by Richard Tyrrel; anci its church was used, after the dissolution, as the parochial place of worship. The Tyrrel ftunily, who took designation from Castle- Knock, were connected with the Tyrrels, sires, and afterwards princes, of Poix in Picardy, whose title and estate eventuidly passed by marriiige to the ducal house of De Noailles ; and they and other Tyrrels have, from an early date, figured conspicuously m the English county of Essex, and the Irish counties of Dubhn, Meath, and Westmeath. In the latter part of the 14th centurv, Robert Serjeant became Baron of Castle-Knock, but whether by creation, writ of summons, or marriage with an heiress of the Tyrrels, is not known. The village of Castle-Knock is a mere hamlet in bulk. Area, 21 acres. Pop., in 1831, 188; in 1841, 156. Houses 31. A dispensary here is within the North Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,665; and, in 1839. it expended £166 I4s. 7d., and administered to 1,592 patients — Castle- Knock pariih is a vicamge in the dio. of Dublin. Vicarial tithe composition, £200; glebe, £136 8s. ]}d. The rectorial tithes are appropriate, and consist of two

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41. Castlelost castle and church ruins with Tyrrel monuments

    Castlelost · townland · Westmeath

    The castle at Castlelost and an adjoining mansion long served as the residence of the Tyrrel family but both are now in ruin; the castle was protected by a moat and still exhibits traces of strong outworks. The ruin of an ancient church contains an altar-tomb bearing the representation in alto relievo of a knight in complete armour, probably commemorating Sir John Tyrrel of Castle-Lost.

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    ruin. The castle was protected by a moat, and still exhibits traces of strong outworks. The ruin of aa ancient church contains, among other old monuments, an altar-tomb bearing the representation, in alto relievo, of a knight in complete armour. This monu* ment appears to be of the 16th century, and probably commemorates Sir John Tyrrel of Castle- Lost, grandfather of Grerald Tyrrel, who was interred here in 1637. The Tyrrelfamily forfeited the Castle-Lort

    estates during the troubles of the 17th century This

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42. Castle-Lough, seat of Mr. Parker

    Castlelough · townland · Tipperary

    Castle-Lough was one of the principal residences in Castletown-Arra parish and served as the seat of Mr. Parker. Other notable residences included Gurrykennedy, Shannonville, Landstown, and Cloneybrien.

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    by north of Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Munster. It con^' tains the village of Portroe: which see. Length, southward, 4 miles; extreme breadth, 3 ; area, 9,273 acres, 3 roods, 15 perches, — of which 2,469 acres, 30 perches, are in Lough Derg. Pop., in 1831, 4,110 ; in 1841, 4,292. Houses 697. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,845. Houses 623. The surface ex. tends along the lower part of Lough Derg; and con. sists variously of mountain, hill, bog, and plain, but predominantly of good arable land. The road from Nenagh to KilUloe wends through the interior in a curvature somewhat corresponding with the line of Lough Derg's sweep; and it commands brilliant views of the lake itself, and of the broad and many, featured frame- work of country in which its long mirrory expanse is set. On the slopes of the hills which skirt the shores of the lower reach of the lake, are slate-quarries which now belong to the Royal Irish Mining Company, and which have been long and successfully worked, under the misnomer of the slatequarries of Killaloe. The loftiest summits within the parish, on the south-east boundary, and on the southern boundary, have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 1,083, 1,127. and 1,517 feet. The principal residences are Gurrykennedy, Shannon ville Landstown, Cloneybrien, and Castle-Lough, — the

    last the seat of Mr. Parker This parish is a rectory

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43. Castlelyons castle and Barrymore mansion

    Castlelyons · town · Cork · 1204–1771

    A castle at Castlelyons, likely erected c.1204 by Philip De Barry, was the subject of much antiquarian contention. On its site was raised a strong mansion of the Earls of Barrymore with a hall and a 90-foot gallery, which burned to the ground around 1771 through the negligence of workmen repairing its roof.

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    CASTLE-LYONS, a parish, partly in the barony of Condons and Clangibbons, but chiefl^y in that of Barrymore, co. Cork, Munster. The Barryraofe section contains the village of Cahtlb-Ltovi. Length, 6 miles ; breadth, 3. Area of the Condons and Clangibbons section, 2,998 acres ; of the Barrymore section, 9,720 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 18J1, 5,647; in 1841, 5,536. Houses 856. Pop. of the Condons and Clangibbons section, in 1831, 1,113; in 1841, 1 ,099. Houses 172. Pop. of the rural districts of the Barrymore section, in 1831, 3,845; in 1841, 3^662. Houses 564. The surface is part of the valley of the Bride, and consists for the most part of good tillage land. Among the mansions are Coole-Abb<nr, the seat of H. Hawkes Peard, Esq., and Kilcor, toe seat of Cornelias O'Brien,^ Esq. At Coole — whidi has its name from being in a corner or projection of Condons barony — anciently stood a castle of the Condons ; and in its vicinity are some vestiges of ■■ old church. At Castle- Lyons village are eonsidetable remains of a Dominican friary, which was founded, in 1307, by John De Barry, — given, at the dissolution, to Richard, first Earl of Cork, — and afterwards transferred by marriage to David, first Earl of Barrymore. A monastery for Carmelites or White Friars is also believed to have been founded at the liUafe by the De Barrys. A castle likewise stood there; and, though the quondam pile has been the so^ect of much contention among antiquaries, and hat praminently figured in the dispute respecting the date of the earlier stone-structures in Ireland, it may with fair probability be regarded as an erection about the year 1 204, of Philip De Barry. On the site of thu cwtie was raised * a strong and stately * mansion of tiie Earls of Barrymore, a hollow quadrangular ed^ee, with, on one side, a spacious hall, and on another a gallery 90 feet in length. About 1771, thnwigk the negligence of workmen who were repairii^ ita rmd^ this mansion was bunit to the ground. In the eemetery of the parish is a monument to Dr. Thadeoi O'Brien, a polemical Roman Catholic writer, §Ofcrnor of the Irish college of Thoulouse, and aftenwds parish-priest of Castle-Lyons and Batheomndc Castle- Lyons and a lai^e extent of

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44. Castle MacAuliffe, chief seat west of Newmarket

    Newmarket · town · Cork

    Castle MacAuliffe stood west of Newmarket on the left of the road to Blackwater-Bridge and served as the chief seat of the MacAuliffe sept.

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    Knocknackabrig in the west. Two new roads through the interior, the one from Newmarket to Charleville, and the other from Cork to Listowel, through Kanturk and Newmarket, have benefited the traffic of the towns, laid open the fastnesses of the mountains, and created great facility for the extension of georgical improvemeitt. The prevailing soil around Kanturk is a whitish clay ; and, in some places, it is yellow or brown, very deep, and naturally luxuriant in grass. A good culm has long been found in considerable quantity, useful for forges and for burning lime. The castle of Carrigacushin, a mile north-east of Newmarket, belonged to the sept of MacAulitfe; and Castle MacAuliffe, which stood west of the town, on the left of the road thence to Black water-Bridge, was their chief seat. A castle of the MacCartys stood at Curragh, a little north of Kanturk; and near its site is an excellent chalybeate spring. — This parish is a vicurage, and a separate bienelice, in the dio. of Cloyne. Vicarial tithe composition. £5S\ 10s. 9d.; glebe. £-25. Gross income, Mim 10s. 9d. ; nett, £4()2 9s. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of Jb'75. The rectorial tithes are compounded for the same sum as the vicarial, and are impropriate in John Longfield, Esq., of Longueville. Within the parish is the perpetual curacy of Kanturk. The parochial church was built, in 1830, bv means of a loan of 4:2.000 from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300; attendance, from 100 to 150. A schoolhousc is also used as a parochial place of worship ; and has an attendance of from 25 to 70. Three Roman Catholic chapels at Newmarket, Meelan, and Rockhill, have an attendance of respectively 2,(500, 750, and 750; and, in the Roman (I'atholic parochial arrangement, arc mutually united. There is a Roman Catholic chapel also at Kanturk. In 1834, the parishioners, exclusive of those within the Kanturk curacy, consisted of 275 Churchmen, and 8,836 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school was attended by about 40 children ; and 15 dailv schools had on their books 587 males and 252 iemales. Of the daily schools, 4 were circulating schools in connection with the Irish Society ; one was a work-school for adult girls; one was an infant-school, salaried with i;14 from the vicar and his lady; one was a free-school, supported by about £15 of collections at the Roman Catholic chapel ; one was a female free-school, salaried with £15 from Mrs. Aid worth; and one was a male free-school, salaried with £17 from Mrs. Aldworth ami the clergy.

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45. Castlemaine Castle built jointly by MacCarty-More and Desmond

    Castlemaine · town · Kerry

    An ancient castle at Castlemaine was built at the joint charge of MacCarty-More and one of the Earls of Desmond, intended to be alternately occupied. Desmond forcibly retained it on first occupation, excluding MacCarty, and his successors held it until the last Earl James surrendered it to Queen Elizabeth.

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    CASTLF^MAINE, a village in the parish of Kiltallagh, barony of Tr^ghenackmjr, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the river Maine, 3^ miles east of the bead of Castle-Maine Harbour, 1^ mile north-north-east of Milltown, and 7^ south of Tra- Ice. Some little import and export trade is conducted on the river by means of vessels of 60 tons and under of burden. Fairs are held on Sept. 3 and Nov. 21. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kerry. See Kiltal- LAGH. An ancient castle here was built at the joint charge of MacCarty-More and one of the Earls of Desmond, and was, by agreement, to be alternately occupied by the parties ; but, on being occupied for the first time, by Desmond, it was forcibly retained by him to the exclusion of MacCarty, and it continued to be held by his successors till James, the last Earl, resigned it to Queen Elizabeth. During the rebellion of 1641, it was constantly garrisoned by the Irish, till taken and demolished by Ludlow ; and, after the Restoration, it was, in spite of being a ruin, maintained as a royal castle, and placed under the official charge of a constable. Castle-Maine gave the title of Viscount to the family of Monson, — the title of Earl, in 1661, to Roger Palmer, the husband of the notorious Duchess of Cleveland, — the title of Viscount, in 1718, to Sir John Child, — and the title of Baron, in 1812, and afterwards that of Viscount, to the family of Uindcock. The seat of the present Lord Castlemaine is Moydrum-castle, 3 miles eastnorth-east of Athlone, co. Westmeatb. On the lands of Famass, \k mile north-west of Castle- Maine, is a strong mineral spring. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 367 ; in 1841, 160. Houses 33.

    CASTLE-MARTIN, a demesne, in the vicinitv of Kilcullen-Bridge, co. Kildare, Leinster. It is well situated on the banks of the river Liffey, and is the

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46. Castlemaine Castle garrisoned by Irish and demolished by Ludlow

    Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1641

    During the 1641 rebellion, the castle at Castlemaine was constantly garrisoned by the Irish until it was taken and demolished by Ludlow. After the Restoration, despite being a ruin, it was maintained as a royal castle under the charge of a constable.

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    CASTLF^MAINE, a village in the parish of Kiltallagh, barony of Tr^ghenackmjr, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the river Maine, 3^ miles east of the bead of Castle-Maine Harbour, 1^ mile north-north-east of Milltown, and 7^ south of Tra- Ice. Some little import and export trade is conducted on the river by means of vessels of 60 tons and under of burden. Fairs are held on Sept. 3 and Nov. 21. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kerry. See Kiltal- LAGH. An ancient castle here was built at the joint charge of MacCarty-More and one of the Earls of Desmond, and was, by agreement, to be alternately occupied by the parties ; but, on being occupied for the first time, by Desmond, it was forcibly retained by him to the exclusion of MacCarty, and it continued to be held by his successors till James, the last Earl, resigned it to Queen Elizabeth. During the rebellion of 1641, it was constantly garrisoned by the Irish, till taken and demolished by Ludlow ; and, after the Restoration, it was, in spite of being a ruin, maintained as a royal castle, and placed under the official charge of a constable. Castle-Maine gave the title of Viscount to the family of Monson, — the title of Earl, in 1661, to Roger Palmer, the husband of the notorious Duchess of Cleveland, — the title of Viscount, in 1718, to Sir John Child, — and the title of Baron, in 1812, and afterwards that of Viscount, to the family of Uindcock. The seat of the present Lord Castlemaine is Moydrum-castle, 3 miles eastnorth-east of Athlone, co. Westmeatb. On the lands of Famass, \k mile north-west of Castle- Maine, is a strong mineral spring. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 367 ; in 1841, 160. Houses 33.

    CASTLE-MARTIN, a demesne, in the vicinitv of Kilcullen-Bridge, co. Kildare, Leinster. It is well situated on the banks of the river Liffey, and is the

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47. Castlemaine Harbour identified with Ptolemy's Ostia Flumen Dur

    Castlemaine Harbour · bay · Kerry

    Dr. Smith identified the estuary of Castlemaine, rather than the Kenmare estuary, as the 'Ostia Flumen Dur' mentioned by Ptolemy. The estuary extends eastward from Dingle Bay with a serpentine form shaped by the Inch and Cromane peninsulas, and receives the rivers Maine and Laune at its head.

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    CASTLE-MAINE, the estuary of the Maine river, at the head of Dingle bay, in the baronies of Corkaguincy, Trughenackmy, and Iveragh, co. Kerry, Munster. Dr. Smith supposes it, and not the Kenmare estuary, to be the * Ostia Flumen Dur ' of Ptolemy. It is strictly a prolongation, or a narrowed projection eastward of Dingle bay ; it opens between Inch Point and Rossbeg Point, with a breadth of about a mile ; it penetrates the land about 6^ miles eastward, with a breadth of from f of a mile to 2k miles, but is so intersected by the peninsula of Inch on the north, and by Cromane peninsula farther east on the opposite side, as to have a boldly serpentine form ; and it receives, at its head, through a tidal and widened channel, the rivers Maine and Laune. Dingle bay is wild and dangerous, and has been fatal to multitudes of vessels ; it offers little or no safety to sailing craft which endeavour to run before the wind toward Castlemaine estuary ; and the latter has a winding and perilous bar, various interior shoals and sandbanks, and occasionallv not ^ of a mile in breadth of navigable channel. The estuary or harbour of Castlemaine can be entered from the bay, only with the aid of a pilot who is intimately acquainted with its channel and landmarks ; but, when once entered, it presents a good depth of water, and completely landlocked shelter. The tide rises 16 feet on the bar, and about 18 feet towards the mouth of the rivers ; the Maine has 9 feet of depth in its entrance at low water, and the Laune admits small trading vessels.

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48. Castle-Martin chapel ruins: a 13th-century family mausoleum

    Castlemartin · townland · Kildare · 1200

    Ruins survive of a small chapel near Kilcullen-Bridge, founded about 1200 by Richard, Lord of Castle-Martin, as a chapel dependent on the church of Kilcullen and as a mausoleum for his family. Antique inscriptions and objects connected with the ruin were described in the Anthologia Hibernica.

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    f)roperty of W. H. Carter, Esq , one of the principal andowners of the barony of Erris, in co. Mayo. Some ruins exist of a small chapel which was founded about the year 1200, by Richard, Lord of

    Castle-Martin, as a chapel dependent on the church of Kilcullen, and as a mausoleum for his haniljr. A minute account of the ruin, and of some antiqoe inscriptions and objects connected with it, mccooi* panied by a little carious antiquarian speculation, may be seen in the Anthologia Hibemica, roL tr. pp. 351. 352.

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49. Castlemore castle, Cork — MacSwiney and MacCarty stronghold

    Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1641–1800

    A ruined castellated mansion in the parish of Moviddy, barony of East Muskerry, overhanging the road from Cork to Macroom. It was built by the MacSwineys, passed to the MacCartes, and was forfeited in the 1641 rebellion by Phelim MacOwen MacCarty before passing to Mr. Bailey and then Colonel Rye by marriage.

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    CASTLE-MORE, an old and ruined castellated mansion, in the parish of Moviddy, barony of East Muskerry, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the south side of the Lee, overhangs the road from Cork to Macroom, and is an extensive ruin. This castle was built by the MacSwineys, passed to the Mac- Cartes, was forfeited in the rebellion of 1641 by PheUm MacOwen MacCarty, became the property of Mr. Bailev, passed by marriage to Colonel Rye, and was inhabited by the Colonel's son in the latter part of last century.

    CASTLE-MORE, a chapelry in the barony of Rathvilly, 1^ mile west by north of Tullow, co. Carlow, Leinster. It and TuUowbeg chapelry unitedly measure 2 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth ; and both are parts of the benefice of Fennagh, in the dio. of Leighlin. See Fennagb. Castle-More House is the seat of James Eustace, Esq.

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50. Castle-Moyle bog, Galway

    Castlemoyle · townland · Galway

    A bog 3 miles south-east of Tuam forming a continuous sheet of morass with the bogs of Elonhill and Newtown-Bellew, covering 4,138 acres at an altitude of 225 feet above Galway Bay. The Castle-Moyle river drains it westward into a turlough of the Clare river.

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    CASTLE-MOYLE, a bog, 3 miles south-east of Tuam, CO. Gal way, Connaught. It forms a continuous sheet of morass with the bogs of Elonhill and New town-Belle w. Area of the whole, 4,138 English acres ; altitude above the level of high water m Gal way bay, 225| feet; average depth, 12 feet; estimated cost of reclamation, £5,110. A rivulet which falls into a turlough of the Clare river, drains the hof; westward, and is trailed the Castle-Moyle river. The object whence the bog, the stream, and adja< cent lands have their name, is of no note.

    CASTLE-NORTON. See Castle-Uptow.

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51. Castle of Cloeast ruin at Carne

    Carna · townland · Wexford

    A well-preserved ruin of a fine old castle, 70 or 80 feet high, stands in the parish of Carne, County Wexford. It was built by English settlers during the reign of Henry II and is now called the Castle of Cloeast.

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    CARNE, a parish in the south-east extremity of the barony of Forth, 3 miles south-south-east of Broadway, and 1 1 south-east by south of Wexford, CO. Wextord. Leinster. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2^; area, 1,963 acres. Pop., in 1831,828; in 1841, 914. Houses 126. It occupies the peninsula between St. George's Channel on the east, and Lough Ta, or Togher, or Lady's Island Lough on the west ; and terminates southward in Camsore Point, the most south-easterly part of the mainland of the county. See Carnsore. About three-tenths of the area are unarable, and consist of sand banks and rocky grounds, which afford a tolerable amount of pasturage. The tillage lands are in general excellent. Excepting a small rising ground, called the Hill of Chour, the surface is nearly a dead level ; and, being destitute of wood, it has a naked and shivering appearance. Two small creeks occur at Nethertown and Carna : see Carna. The hamlets are Ballygarrow, Ballask, Churchtown, Nethertown, and Ring ; and the mansions are Castletown, Castle- Palliser, and Carna. A well-preserved ruin remains of a fine old castle, 70 or 80 feet high, built by the

    English settlers in the reign of Henry IL, and now called the Castle of Cloeast. The ruin of a very ancient chapel, called St. Vaugh's, stands in an old cemetery very near Camsore Point. The road from that headland to Wexford cuts the parish into nearly equal parts, and sends off branches eastward to the sea, and westward to Lough Ta. — This parish is » rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composition, £280; glebe, £43 1 5s. Gross income, £323 153.; nett, £274 lOs. Patron, the diocesan. The church is very old ; and was completely renovated in 1825, at the cost of £120, raised by subscription and parochial assessment. Sittings 50; attendance 50. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 31, and the Roman Catholics to 759; and a hedge-sdiool had an average attendance of 90 children.

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52. Castle of the Island of Kerry erected 1220

    Castleisland · town · Kerry · 1220

    The old castle at Castleisland, formerly called the Castle of the Island of Kerry, is said to have been erected in 1220 by Geoffrey Maurice (De Mariscis), Lord-justice of Ireland. Its walls were surrounded by the rivulet Many, deepened into a moat with drawbridges and portcullises, and it was esteemed a place of considerable strength.

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    The town of Castle-Island stands on the rivulet Many, at the head of the valley of Tralee, and at the intersection of the two principal roads which traverse Castle- Island parish, 8} miles east by south of Tralee, II miles south by west of Abbeyfeale, 12 miles north by cast of Killarney, and 135 southwest of Dublin. The descent both of the Cork road and of the Abbeyfeale road, in the long traverses the^ make in order to gain an easy declination from their upland altitude to the valley at the town, commands a grand prospect of the fertile spreading strath on the foreground, and of the bold and majestic outlines of the Corkaguiney mountains in the distance. Several rivulets unite a little below the town to form the river Maine. Various comfortable residences are sprinkled over the environs; and mansions are comparatively numerous toward Tralee and Killarney — Castle- Island, though once a principal town of Kerry, was suffered to fall into decay ; and only a few years ago it lay in comparative desolation ; but it is now in the course of being restored. It contains the parish-church, the Roman Catholic chapel, a sessions- house, a prison, several schools, two inns, a dispensary, and an old castle. It once had a court-house for the assizes of the county ; a town-house, whose front was arcaded, and bad a row of Tuscan columns ; and capacious and constantly occupied barracks. The church presents haggard mdications of having originallv been a fine building. The prison is simply a district-bridewell, and is kept in aiidmirable order. The dispensary is within the Tralee Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 22,493 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended J£l40 7s. 8d., and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The old castle was formerly called the Castle of the Island of Kerry, and is said to have been erected in 1220 by Geoffrey Maurice or De Mariscis, Lord-justice of Ireland. Its walls were formerly surrounded by the rivulet Many, which was deepened and stagnated into a fosse, spanned by drawbridges, and protected by portcullises. The castle was anciently esteemed a place of considerable strength ; and, being held out by Sir Eustace Le Poer, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel, for Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first E^rl of Desmond, it was taken in 1345 by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord -justice of Ireland — The town, though at no great distance from Tralee, is well situated for a retail trade ; and it possesses facilities of water and fuel which might be advantageously subordinated to manufacture ; but it appears to be nearly inert, and to depend for support mainly on agricultural labour, and on the thoroughfare of the public roads. Fairs are held on Aug. 1, and Oct. 1. The nearest point of projected railway, is on the Shannon line at Askeaton, 37 statute miles distant. The public conveyances in 1838 were, a car to Listowel, a car in transit between Limerick and Killarney, a car in transit between Tralee and Cork, and a coach and a

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53. Castle-Oliver hills and demesne, Limerick

    Castleoliver · townland · Limerick

    A range of hills in the barony of Costlea, 3 miles south of Kilmallock, containing the villages of Ardpatrick and Kilfinnan and the ruins of Castle-Oliver demesne, once a fine mountain seat of the Oliver family, chief proprietors of the district.

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    CASTLE-OLIVER, a range of hills in the barony of Costlea, 3 miles south of Kilmallock, co. Limerick, Munster. Among the hills are the villages of Ardpatrick and Kilfinnan, and the reouiiii of Castle-OIiver demesne, once a fine OMHintain leat of the Oliver family, chief proprietors of the district.

    CASTLE-OTWAY, a demesne in the barony of Upper Ormond, 4} miles south -south-west of Toomavara, co. Tipperary, Munster. The demesne is of great extent, and occupies a romantic situation among the green and beautiful high grounds wbtch cormect the Devil-Bit mountains with the Keeper and Slieve-Phelim uplands. Its proprietor is R. Otway Cave, Esq.

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54. Castle-Plunket village, Roscommon

    Castleplunket · townland · Roscommon

    A village in the parish of Baslick, barony of Castlerea, consisting of 38 poor cabins arranged in one long street on a gentle slope. In the vicinity are Milltown, the seat of Roderick O'Connor, Esq., and Heathfield, the seat of Nicholas Balfe, Esq.

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    CASTLE-PLUNKET, a village in the parish of Baslick, barony of Castlerea, 4^ miles east by south of the town of Castlerea, coT Kosconunon, Connaught. It consists of 38 poor cabins, arranged in one long street on a gentle slope. Fairs are held on the first Thursday of May, old style, and on Aug. 13, and Oct. 11. In the vicinity are Milltown, the seat of Roderick O'Connor, Esq., and Heathfield, the seat of Nicholas Balfe, Esq. Area, 12 acres. Pop., in 1^11,202. Houses 38.

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55. Castlepollard town and estates, Westmeath

    Castlepollard · town · Westmeath

    A town in the parish of Rathgraff, barony of Demifore, noted for its superior appearance and elegant parish church. The environs are ornamented by the plantations of Mr. Pollard's seat of Kinturk, Col. Connolly's seat of Cooliers on Lough Derevaragh, and the Earl of Longford's estate toward Granard.

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    CASTLEPOLLARD, a town in the parish of Ratbgraff, barony of Demifore, co. Westmeath, Leinster. It stands on the road from Dublin to Oranard, 1^ mile west- north-west of Lough Lane, 1} mile north-east of Lough Derevaragh, 5 miles north-west by west of Drumcree, and 10 southeast of Granard. It contains an inn, a postinr establishment, and an elegant and very ornamentu parish-church. The whole appearance of the town is superior to that of the majority of Irish towns of its size. The plantations of Mr. Pollard's fine seat of Kinturk which nearlv surroundthe town, the vilk of Lough Park and other features of' the shores of Lough Lane, the wood and water and various embellishments of Col. Connolly's seat of Cooliers on Lough Derevaragh, and the mansion, woods, wellkept demesne, and comfortable cottages of the Esri of Longford's estate on the road toward Granard* unite to render the outskirts and environs of the town singularly ornate. A small fever hospital and a dispensary in Castle-Pollard, are within the Oldcastle Poor-law union, and serve for a district of 29,059 acres, with a pop. of 9,091 ; and, in 1839^40^ the former, which is capable of accommodating only 10 patients at a time, expended ;€t73 2s. 4d., ud had 62 patients, and the latter expended £71 » Mid administered to 1,342 patients. Fairs are held on May 21, Aug. 1 and 2, Oct. 10, and Dec. 10. Am, 48 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,618; in 1841, l,3ia Houses 207. Families employed chiefly in agncalture, 104 ; in manufactures and trade, 99 ; in other pursuits, 41 . Families dependent chieflv on propertj and professions, 16; on the directing oi labour, 108; on their own manual labour, 114; on means not specified, 12.

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56. Castlerea bogs reclamation between Castlerea and Frenchpark

    Castlerea · town · Roscommon

    The bogs lying between Castlerea and Frenchpark cover 6,924 acres and reach 191 feet above the level of Lough Gara. They form one great mass of red bog with undulated surface, extending over four miles from the lands of Moor near Castlerea to Cloonshanville near Frenchpark, with a breadth varying between one and two miles. Lord Mountsandford began reclamation by cutting drains, building cottages, and encouraging small tenants to work the surface.

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    The demesne of Castlerea so immediately adjoins the town that the new neat entrance to it, and the office of its agent, face the market-place ; it is watered b^ the Suck, extensively planted, and well laid out ; It is liberally open to both the towns-people and strangers; and it forms a great ornament, not only to toe town, but to the surrounding flat and dreary country. Lord Mountsandford is the proprietor ot this demesne, of the town, and of a circumjacent and considerably improved estate, of 19,250 statute acres. Among other improvements on this estate, is the begun reclamation of its bogs, by cutting large drains for discharging their moisture,' building comfortable cottages in sound land on their borders, and encouraging small tenants to break open and work their surface. The bogs which lie between Castlerea and Frenchpark, and which, though owned onlv in part by Lord Mountsandford, may be designated the Castlerea bogs, comprehend an area of 6,924} English acres, and attain an altitude of 191 feet above the level of Lough Garra. Thev form one great mass of red bog, of very undulated surface ; and extend upwards of 4 miles from the lands of Moor near Castlerea, to Cloonshanville near Frenchpark, with a breadth which varies between one and two miles. Estimated cost of reclamation, £15,817 lOs. 7d.

    CASTLEREAGH (Lower and Upper), two baronies of co. Down, Ulster. They are bounded, on the north, by Belfast Lough ; on the east, by the barony of Ardes, Lough Strangford, and the barony of Dufferin ; on the south, by the barony of Lecale ; and, on the west, by the baronies of Kinelearty and

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57. Castlerea bridges over the river Suck

    Castlerea · town · Roscommon

    The bridge over the east branch of the Suck at Castlerea consists of five arches spanning a water-way of about 36 yards, while the west-branch bridge appears more important by being carried over a deep hollow between steep banks. A distillery, brewery, and tannery were erected alongside the new houses.

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    Roscommon to Swinefor.-i arrd Ballina, 13 J miles north-west by north of Roscommon, and 88^ westnorth-west of Dublin. The castle, which gave name to the town, and even occasioned the town's origin, survives only in several old walls, which are insufficient to indicate either its extent or construction. The ruins are situated near the offices of the present mansion of Castlerea, and are all thickly coated with ivy. The town consists of one long straggling street, which commences at the market-place, extends westward across an island of the Suck, and is prolonged bevond the opposite bank of the river. Nearly onfrhalf of the south side of the street was, a few years ago, rebuilt on speculation, with houses of two and three stories, by a capitalist, who had acquired his wealth as a farmer; numerous new cottages have been built within the last 14 or 15 years ; several of the thatched cabins are remarkably neat ; and few of the houses of any class present the squalid and haggard appearance which is so common in Boyle, Elphin, Roscommon, and other towns in the county and its vicinity. Mr. Weld's enumeration of 1830, states the classification of the houses thus : 10 of 3 stories, slated, first class ; 6 of 3 stories, slated, second class ; 15 of 2 stories, slated, first class ; 33 of 2 stories, slated, second class; 13 of 2 stories, slated, third class; 26 of 2 stories thatched ; and 68 cabins, thatched. But besides these houses, which form the street or strictly the town, groups and rows, of 12 or 20 each, straggle away from the outskirts, and along the cross-roads, in the maimer of scattered hamlets. The bridge over the east branch of the Suck, consists of 5 arches across a water-way of about 36 yards ; and the bridge over the west branch, although spanning less volume of water, appears of more importance from being carried over a deep hollow between steep banks. A small district-bridcwell in the town has 4 cells, and is kept in good order. A distillery, a brewery, and a tannery, were erected about the same time that so many new private houses were constructed ; but the speculation which originated them, and re-edificed the town, appears to have been not very successful, and to have over-estimated both the capabilities of the place, and the enterprise of its inhabitants. Though no towns of any note exist nearer than Boyle, Roscommon, Tuam, and Castlebar, Castlerea has very little trade. Fairs are held on May 23, June 21, Aug. 23, and Nov. 7* Area of the town, 70 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1.172; in 1841, l,'233. Houses 166. Families emploved chiefly in agriculture, 27; in manufactures and trade, 128; in other pursuits, 57. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 15; on the directing of labour, *135-; on their own manual labour, 42; on meant not specified, 20.

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58. Castlerea castle ruins and town origin

    Castlerea · town · Roscommon

    The castle which gave its name to Castlerea and occasioned the town's origin survives only in several old ivy-coated walls near the offices of the present mansion, insufficient to indicate the castle's extent or construction. The town consists of one long straggling street extending westward across an island of the river Suck.

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    Roscommon to Swinefor.-i arrd Ballina, 13 J miles north-west by north of Roscommon, and 88^ westnorth-west of Dublin. The castle, which gave name to the town, and even occasioned the town's origin, survives only in several old walls, which are insufficient to indicate either its extent or construction. The ruins are situated near the offices of the present mansion of Castlerea, and are all thickly coated with ivy. The town consists of one long straggling street, which commences at the market-place, extends westward across an island of the Suck, and is prolonged bevond the opposite bank of the river. Nearly onfrhalf of the south side of the street was, a few years ago, rebuilt on speculation, with houses of two and three stories, by a capitalist, who had acquired his wealth as a farmer; numerous new cottages have been built within the last 14 or 15 years ; several of the thatched cabins are remarkably neat ; and few of the houses of any class present the squalid and haggard appearance which is so common in Boyle, Elphin, Roscommon, and other towns in the county and its vicinity. Mr. Weld's enumeration of 1830, states the classification of the houses thus : 10 of 3 stories, slated, first class ; 6 of 3 stories, slated, second class ; 15 of 2 stories, slated, first class ; 33 of 2 stories, slated, second class; 13 of 2 stories, slated, third class; 26 of 2 stories thatched ; and 68 cabins, thatched. But besides these houses, which form the street or strictly the town, groups and rows, of 12 or 20 each, straggle away from the outskirts, and along the cross-roads, in the maimer of scattered hamlets. The bridge over the east branch of the Suck, consists of 5 arches across a water-way of about 36 yards ; and the bridge over the west branch, although spanning less volume of water, appears of more importance from being carried over a deep hollow between steep banks. A small district-bridcwell in the town has 4 cells, and is kept in good order. A distillery, a brewery, and a tannery, were erected about the same time that so many new private houses were constructed ; but the speculation which originated them, and re-edificed the town, appears to have been not very successful, and to have over-estimated both the capabilities of the place, and the enterprise of its inhabitants. Though no towns of any note exist nearer than Boyle, Roscommon, Tuam, and Castlebar, Castlerea has very little trade. Fairs are held on May 23, June 21, Aug. 23, and Nov. 7* Area of the town, 70 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1.172; in 1841, l,'233. Houses 166. Families emploved chiefly in agriculture, 27; in manufactures and trade, 128; in other pursuits, 57. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 15; on the directing of labour, *135-; on their own manual labour, 42; on meant not specified, 20.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

59. Castlerea demesne along the River Suck

    Castlerea · town · Roscommon

    The demesne of Castlerea immediately adjoins the town, with its entrance facing the market-place. It is watered by the Suck, extensively planted, well laid out, and liberally open to townspeople and strangers, forming a great ornament to the town and surrounding flat, dreary country. Lord Mountsandford is the proprietor of the demesne, the town, and a circumjacent estate of 19,250 statute acres.

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    The demesne of Castlerea so immediately adjoins the town that the new neat entrance to it, and the office of its agent, face the market-place ; it is watered b^ the Suck, extensively planted, and well laid out ; It is liberally open to both the towns-people and strangers; and it forms a great ornament, not only to toe town, but to the surrounding flat and dreary country. Lord Mountsandford is the proprietor ot this demesne, of the town, and of a circumjacent and considerably improved estate, of 19,250 statute acres. Among other improvements on this estate, is the begun reclamation of its bogs, by cutting large drains for discharging their moisture,' building comfortable cottages in sound land on their borders, and encouraging small tenants to break open and work their surface. The bogs which lie between Castlerea and Frenchpark, and which, though owned onlv in part by Lord Mountsandford, may be designated the Castlerea bogs, comprehend an area of 6,924} English acres, and attain an altitude of 191 feet above the level of Lough Garra. Thev form one great mass of red bog, of very undulated surface ; and extend upwards of 4 miles from the lands of Moor near Castlerea, to Cloonshanville near Frenchpark, with a breadth which varies between one and two miles. Estimated cost of reclamation, £15,817 lOs. 7d.

    CASTLEREAGH (Lower and Upper), two baronies of co. Down, Ulster. They are bounded, on the north, by Belfast Lough ; on the east, by the barony of Ardes, Lough Strangford, and the barony of Dufferin ; on the south, by the barony of Lecale ; and, on the west, by the baronies of Kinelearty and

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60. Castlereagh castle ruins on rath summit

    near Castlereagh · town · Down

    A castle whose vestiges still remain stood on the summit of a hill in the middle of a rath or Danish fort near Castlereagh hamlet in County Down. It was anciently the residence of Hugh Flak O'Neill, who affected the title of king and bequeathed possessions including the Great Ardes and the baronies of Castlereagh, Belfast, Massereene, Carrickfergus, and Toome. The name Castlereagh means 'the fortified residence of a king.'

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    CASTLEREAGH, a hamlet in the district of Castlereagh, about 1| mile south-east of BaUjnii^ carett, co. Down, Ulster. It is the head of a OMiiory in which the seneschal of the Marquis of I>owniUia holds his court. The castle whence the hamlet, the manor, and the barony, are named, stood on the summit of a hill, in the middle of a rath or DnUk fort. This castle, some vestiges of whirii still vM, was anciently the residence of Hugh Flak O'NdUf who affected the title of king, and bequeathod to his posterity the possession of the Great Ardes, md sf the baronies of Castlereagh, Belfiwty MMMsrsuSb Carrickfergus, and Toome. The name Csatleifogh means the * fortified residence of a king.' This placs gives the title of Viscount to the Marquis of I derry. Pop. not specially returned.

    CASTLERHEBAN. See Rhbbax.

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