The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Churchtown church and Egmont family vault, Cork

   near Churchtown · town · Cork · 1710–1721

   The cruciform church in Churchtown village was built about 125 years before publication at the private cost of the then Earl of Egmont, on a new site authorised by act of parliament in 9 Anne. Its chancel is paved with black and white marble and contains the burying vault of the Egmont family.

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   CHURCHTOWN, or Bruhennt, a parish, partly in the barony of Duballow, but chiefly in that of Orrery and Kilmore, 6 miles south-south-west of Charleville, co. Cork, Munster. The Orrery and Kilmore section contains the village of Churchtown. Length, 4 miles ; breadth, 2. Area of the Duballow section, 1,078 acres; of the Orrery and Kilmore section, 6,969 acres. Pop. of the Orrery and Kilmore section, in 1831, 2,893 ; in 1841, 2,689. Houses 382. Pop. of the Duballow section, in 1841,* 688. Houses 113. The surface is drained southward by the headwaters of the Awbeg, and traversed in the same direction by the road from Limerick to Cork ; and it consists variously of good arable land, good pasture land, coarse mountain, bleak moorland, and repulsive b<^. The quondam noble seats of Burton and EoMONT [see these articles], are within the parish, and give the titles of Baron and Earl to the fiunil^ of Percival. The village of Churchtown is neat m arrangement, and is prettily planted. A dispensary here is within the Mallow Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,033 ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £138 18s., and administered to 1,944 pa. tients. Area of the village, 22 acres. Pop., in 1841, 638. Houses 86. The church whence the village has its name, substituted one upon another site which was removed by act of parliament in 9 Anne ; and it is cruciform, has its chancel paved with black and white marble, and contains the burying vault of

   the Egroont family This parish is a rectory, and a

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

2. Churchtown hamlet near Hook Tower lighthouse

   Churchtown · townland · Wexford

   A hamlet called Churchtown in the parish of Hook, Co. Wexford, stands near Hook Tower lighthouse at the extremity of the peninsula of Hook Head. It had a population of 158 in 1841.

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   CHURCHTOWN, a hamlet in the parish of Hook, barony of Shelboorne, co. Wexford, Leinster. It stands near Hook Tower lighthouse, at the extremity of the peninsula of Hook Head. Area, 12 acres. Pop., in 1841, 158. Houses 29.

   CHURCHTOWN, a village in the parish of Dysart, barony of Upperthird, 4} miles west by north of Carnckbeg, co. Waterford, Munster. It stands on the right bank of the Suir, and on the road from Carrickbeg to Clonmel ; and behind it are the extensive natural woods of Landscape, which combine with the woods of Coolnamuck to impart great finish to the natural beauty of this part of the exultant valley of the Suir. An old castle once stood at the village, and was possessed by the Everards. Here is a small woollen factory. Pop. returned with the parish.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

3. Circular earthen fort at Cashel in Culdaff parish

   Cashel · townland · Donegal

   A circular earthen fort is recorded at Cashel in the parish of Culdaff, County Donegal. The same passage notes antiquities at nearby townlands including stone crosses at Baskill and a cromlech near Kindrahad.

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   CULDAFF, a parish, containing a village of the same name, on the north coast of the barony of In* nishowen, 8 miles north-north-west of MoviUe, co. Donegal, Ulfrter. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 5; area, 20,089 acres, I rood, 28 perches, — of which 512 acre«, 2 roods, 29 perches, are fresh lacustrine water, and 42 acres, 3 roods, 4 perche«, are tideway in the Culdaff river. Pop., in 1831, 5.995 ; in. 1841, 5,883. Houses 984. It is cut into two separate parts by an intersection, about a mile wide, of the parish of Cloncha ; and it extends along the Atlantic, about mid-distance between Malin Head and Innishowen Head. The surface consists variously of gooil land, inferior land, low isleted bog, and coarselyverdured or heathy mountain. A great expanse of low boir extends along the shore, and is interspersed throughout with cultivated knolU, called the Isles of Grcelagh. The most extensive bog is that of Drumley; and both this and others of smaller extent, abound in buried pines and oaks, and produce good fiK'l. The principal mountains are Crucknanionau, Cionkeen, Carthage, and Croagh ; and tliey are covered with black heath, thinly interspersed with coarse grass, which yields a scanty summer gnising to cattle. Clay, bog, and limestone are generally so near one another among the arable lands, as jointly, with the abundance of sea manures, to oflTer every facility for georgical improvement and fertiliiing culture. A lake at Moneyderragh abounds with char. The Culdaff rivulet issues from a loughlet near Crucknanionan, and, after many circumvolutions, falls, 4 miles to the north-east, into CuldafT bay. This bay is a large open roadstead extending from Dunmore to Glengad ; and though occasionally visited by vet^sels in summer, is very unsafe in atomK, or during nearly the whole of wmter. A circular earthen fort occurs at Cashel ; two small unin^ribed stone-crosses, at Baskill : the remnant of a fort on the steep isolated rock of Dunowan, half-a-mile north of the embouchure of the Culdaff rivulet ; and a cromlech, near Kindrahad. The mansions are Culdaffhouse, Mr. Young ; and Grouse-hall, Mr. Butler. The village of Culdaff or Milltown stands on the Culdaff river ; and consisted, 27 years ago, of the church, a schoolhouse, a mill, and 19 cottagei. Fairs are held on Feb. 10, May 10, Aug. 10, and Nov. 10. The Culdaff dispensary is within the Carndonagh Poor-law union, and has a district of 39.732 acres, with a pop. of 12,91 1 ; and, in 1839, it expended £109 4'*., and administered to 2,420 patients. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 133. Houses 27.. The principal roads lead from tbe village toward respectively Malin, Greencastle, and Londonderry. The road hither from Moville, runt along the south side of Squire's Cairn, and through a

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

4. Cistercian abbey at Comber and castle ruins

   near Comber · town · Down · 1100–1543

   A Cistercian abbey formerly stood at Comber, founded in the 12th century, possibly by settlers under Sir John de Courcey. Its possessions were granted by James I to James Hamilton, and its materials were later reconstructed into a castle called Castle Alexander, which is now itself a heap of ruins.

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   tion of the Belfast and Killyleagh rand with tbt Donaghadee and Ballinahinch roiu], 3 milea nwtbsouth-west of Newtownarde*. 7 emst-soutb-cait of Belfast, and 87 north by east of Dublin. 14 it tolerably well built, and consists principally of a aqiiaK and three streets. A Cistertian abbey formerly atooi at the town« and appears to have been Ibanded ■ the 12th century, some say by the White* who set* tied in Down under Sir John de Courcey» others mf by nobody knows whom. Archdall, of coiine, kas no difficulty in naming the founder, or even •■■■• marily ascribing the original foundation to thmt pretended originator of countless monasteriea, St. n^ rick. He says, ** St. Patrick founded an abbey hen, of which we have no further account. But Brica Catha Dun, from whom the O'NeilU of Claneboyi descended, built one to the honour of the Vir^iB Mary, and supplied it with monks of the Cistertiaa order from the abbey of Alba Landa, In Caermar* thenshire. The founder fell by the awdird of Sir John de Courcey, about the year 4201 . John O'BIvl* legan was the last abbot, and he voluntarily retipned in the year 1543." The abbey, with its poaeeasion, was granted by James I. to James Hamilton, Lord Claneboys, at the rent of £3 2s. 2d. Irish ; it | by assignment to Viscount Ardes; and its were reconstructed into a castle called '. Alexander, which now in its turn is a heap of i The weaving of linen gives employment to a large number of the inhabitants; and toe woric of two distilleries and a large bleacbing-green gives employment to others. The trade of the town wpuld prs» bably be much improved by the erection of a pier at the Water-foot Fairs are held on the first Thnis> day of Jan., OS., and on April 5, June 88» and Oct. 19. In 1838, the public conveyances wen a car to Killyleagh, 2 caravans to Belfast, and a mail-car in transit between Belfast and Downpatrick. Area of the town, 95 acres. Pep., in 1831, 1,977; in 1841, 1,964. Houses S68. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 125; in manufactures and trade, 219; in other pursuits, 57. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions* 22; on the directing of labour, 176; on their ova manual labour, 196; on means not specified, 7*

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

5. Claddagh burial customs and post-funeral carousing

   Claddagh · electoral division · Galway

   A singular custom prevailed at Claddagh whereby friends and relatives of the deceased adjourned from the graveyard to a public house, carousing for the remainder of the day and night. The grief or friendship of each individual was estimated by the quantity of liquor consumed or money expended.

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   Mr. Hardiman says, '* Many instances of extreme longevity occur, and the generalitv of the inhabitants live to an advanced age in the enjoyment of uninterrupted good health. Upon the interment of the dead, a custom rather of a singular nature prevails. The friends and relatives of the deceased adjourn, generally from the graveyard to some public house, in honour, as they call it, of the memory of their departed friend. Here they continue carousing the remainder of that day and night, and the grief or friendship of each individual is generally estimated by the quantity of liquor which he consumes, or the money which he expends on the occasion. Had this cuistom been known to the late General Vallancey, it in probable it might have afforded him an opportunity of tracing some affinity between our Claddagh friends and the Arabs, who, it Is said, also rejoice on the death of their friends and relatives. How far this incident would have supported an hypothesis for the learned antiquarv, this is not the place to conjecture; but it would be unju!>t to conclude this hasty sketch without testifying, that, with all their faults, these individuals possebs many good qualities."— .The friary, whose site, as we already indicated it, gives it a phyMcal as well as moral pre-eminence and command over all the village, is Dominican. An ancient nunnery of the Premonstratenses of Tuam, and called the convent of St. Mary of the Hill, was founded here by the O'Hallorans ; it soon passed, for a time, into the possession of the secular clergy ; it was, in 1488, granted, on petition of the Galwegians, and by a bull of Innocent VIII.. to the Dominicans ; it was afterwards enlarged and richly endowed by many individuals of the town ; and it eventually became one of the most opulent and powerful ei^tabIi.•ihment^( of its class in the province. In 1570, Queen Elizabeth granted to the corporation of the town part of the possessions of this monastery, then recently dissolved; in 1642, Lord Forbes converted the buildings into a battery for the reduction of the town, and, having failed in his design, he defaced the church and tore up the cemetery; and, in 1652, the corporation razed all the buildings to the ground, to prevent them from being used by Cromwell's forces as a fortification against the town. The present chapel, a plain but commodious edifice of 100 feet by 28, was erected on the site of the former about the year 1800; and the friary, an unpretending and rather lumpish edifice adjoinmg it, commands a pleasing view of the town, the harbours, the spacious bay, the wooded shores of Renvile and Ardfry, and the picturesque slopes and outline of the Clare mountains.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

6. Claddagh fishing fleet rendezvous at the quay

   Claddagh · electoral division · Galway

   The Claddagh fishing community, numbering up to 500 large and small boats, would rendezvous at the quay in Galway Bay upon a signal from the elected 'admiral' before sailing in regular order to the fishing grounds. The admiral despatched reconnoitring boats to prevent poachers and ensure equal opportunity for all fishermen.

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   their women and children, during days before the boats go to sea, crowd the neighbouring strands, digging for bait ; and the men, after having received into their boats potatoes, oaten-cakes, fuel and water, but never any whisky, depart for the fishing-grounds, and sometimes remain away several days. On their return they are met and joyously hailed by their wives and children on the shore ; and abandoning to the women all care of the produce they have brought home, they go to regale themselves at the next public house, and to sink for a time into almost total inertion. On the well-known prognostics of the harvest and winter herring-fishery being recognised, '* the mayor or admiral of the Claddagh despatches reconnoitring boats to prevent poachers or stragglers, with full powers to take and destroy their nets and boats if found fishing, (or, according to their own phraseology, trespassing,) until all shall have an equal chance by a general fishing. For one or two days previous to this, the entire Claddagh is in commotion, making preparations for the excursion. On the appointed day, all the boats round the bay (which generally master about 500 large and small) rendezvous at the quay, and, upon a signal given, all sail out at once in regular order. The beauty of this si^ht is inconceivable, and, when viewed from one of the heights about the town, is perhaps one of the roost gratifying that can be well imagined. When they arrive at * the fishing- grounds,' another signal is given by *the admiral,' the nets are instantly set, anil every boat is then left at liberty to make the best use of its time." [Hardiman's dalway.]

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

7. Claddagh friary and fishing settlement, Galway

   Claddagh · electoral division · Galway

   The Claddagh suburb of Galway occupies declivities of a gentle hill, whose summit holds the monastic buildings, chapel, and cemetery of a friary. The village is very ancient and traditionally said to have been the original settlement of a body of colonists, ancestors of the present inhabitants.

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   CLADDAGH. a large and curious suburb of the town of Gahvav. within the borough limits of that town, Connauglit. It extends along the right bank of the Galway river, immediately above its expansion into estuary, or rather its debouch into the side of Galway bay ; it directly confronts the quays and docks of the town ; and occupies partly the declivities of a gentle hill, and partly a belt of low ground which intervenes between the hill and the river. The sumrait or small table-land of the hill is occupied by the monastic buildings, the chapel, and the cemeteiy of a friary, which we shall afterwards notice ; the southwest declivity or gentle blope is a spacious open area, called the Fair Green, but by no means of attractive appearance ; «and the other declivities, as well as part of the low ground toward the river, are densely covered with the suburb. — a confused and grotesque congeries of thatched cabins. — a labyrinthine maze of narrow, crooked, wimling lanes, — a packed mass of houses, almost as closely huddled and disorderly in their mutual position as **a take" of herrings in the bottom of a fishing boat. The inhabitants are all fishermen and their families ; and nets. tar. fishingjackets, arui the offals of fi-^h. so crowd every intersection as to overwhelm the olfactory nerves, and nearly defy the locomotion of a stranger. Yet the cabins are in general neat and regular within ; the lanes are causewayed ; the filth and putrescence and other sources of noxious miai^mata are swept away ; the belt of open ground between the suburb and its fishing quays presents a mimic resemblance to a great ship-building-yard ; the quays are clean, handsome, and less offensive than many a city fish-market ; and the whole suburb, in spite of both the absur<lity of its own physical character, and great indolence, ignorance, and perver.Mty on the part of its inhabitants, is decidedly exceeded in aggregate disagrecableness by :^ev,•ral great fishing-seats of its size in some of the mo-t boasted sea-board districts of Great Britain. The village is very ancient, and is traditionally said to have been the original settlement of a body of colonists, the ancestors of the present inhabitants; it has very long been distinguished for cleaidiness in the interior of its cabins, but owes the order which now prevails in its exterior and its thoroughfares, to the spirited and humane exertions of Captjiin liurdis of the royal n:jvy, about the year 180S; an'!, though not separately reported on

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

8. Claddagh improvements by Captain Burdis, Galway

   Claddagh · electoral division · Galway · 1808–1820

   The Claddagh fishing suburb long had a reputation for interior cabin cleanliness but owed the exterior order of its thoroughfares to Captain Burdis of the royal navy around 1808. In 1812 it had 468 houses inhabited by 1,050 males and 1,286 females, and by 1820 was estimated at over 3,000 inhabitants.

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   CLADDAGH. a large and curious suburb of the town of Gahvav. within the borough limits of that town, Connauglit. It extends along the right bank of the Galway river, immediately above its expansion into estuary, or rather its debouch into the side of Galway bay ; it directly confronts the quays and docks of the town ; and occupies partly the declivities of a gentle hill, and partly a belt of low ground which intervenes between the hill and the river. The sumrait or small table-land of the hill is occupied by the monastic buildings, the chapel, and the cemeteiy of a friary, which we shall afterwards notice ; the southwest declivity or gentle blope is a spacious open area, called the Fair Green, but by no means of attractive appearance ; «and the other declivities, as well as part of the low ground toward the river, are densely covered with the suburb. — a confused and grotesque congeries of thatched cabins. — a labyrinthine maze of narrow, crooked, wimling lanes, — a packed mass of houses, almost as closely huddled and disorderly in their mutual position as **a take" of herrings in the bottom of a fishing boat. The inhabitants are all fishermen and their families ; and nets. tar. fishingjackets, arui the offals of fi-^h. so crowd every intersection as to overwhelm the olfactory nerves, and nearly defy the locomotion of a stranger. Yet the cabins are in general neat and regular within ; the lanes are causewayed ; the filth and putrescence and other sources of noxious miai^mata are swept away ; the belt of open ground between the suburb and its fishing quays presents a mimic resemblance to a great ship-building-yard ; the quays are clean, handsome, and less offensive than many a city fish-market ; and the whole suburb, in spite of both the absur<lity of its own physical character, and great indolence, ignorance, and perver.Mty on the part of its inhabitants, is decidedly exceeded in aggregate disagrecableness by :^ev,•ral great fishing-seats of its size in some of the mo-t boasted sea-board districts of Great Britain. The village is very ancient, and is traditionally said to have been the original settlement of a body of colonists, the ancestors of the present inhabitants; it has very long been distinguished for cleaidiness in the interior of its cabins, but owes the order which now prevails in its exterior and its thoroughfares, to the spirited and humane exertions of Captjiin liurdis of the royal n:jvy, about the year 180S; an'!, though not separately reported on

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

9. Claddagh quays, pier, and fishery reported on in 1836

   Claddagh · electoral division · Galway · 1836

   The quays and pier of Claddagh were built with a government grant and local contributions. The 1836 Fishery Commissioners reported a useful pier serving about 140 sail-boats and 50 row-boats employing nearly 2,200 persons, but noted that the fisheries were carried on with little enterprise.

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   The quays and pier of Claddagh were conttructed by means of a grant from Government of jSI,597, and of local contributions to the amount of £6t^ ; and they, as well as the trade connected with them, are thus summarily reported on by l^e Fishery Comniissioners in 1836: '* A most convenient ana useful pier, for the numerous fishing-boats belonging to thi« place, in number about 140 sail-boats, from 12 to 14 tons, and 50 row-boats, of 5 to 6 tons each, employing near 2.200 persons. With all the adirantages of good boats and accommodation, there are few places where the fisheries are carried on with so little enterprise." Though the fishermen sometimea make a great show of industry, they are so wedded to old customs, so averse to ailopt improvements in the modes or instruments of fishing, so awed by omens, and influenced l>y superstitious notions, so stubbornly averse to fish at seasons regarded as un« favourable bv their superstition, and so fanatically and indolently prone to squander in idleness every day which they pretend to l>e under other tutelage than that of powers which fill the nets with fi«h, that they furnish a very unsteady supply to even the home-market of the town of Galway, and oflen allow shoals of finny wealth which flow into the capacious bay to depart without being touched. They aifect also, with all the monopolizing spirit of an exclusive and grasping corporation, to regard all the capacious bay as their own peculiar domain ; and. till a very recent period, they so successfully enforced their arrogant claim, that boats which ventured out from other districts to fish when the Claddagh-men chose to be idle, were almost certainly destroyed. Even when a body of gentlemen, some 25 or 30 years ago, patriotically formed themselves into a company to cultivate the valuable lisheries of the bay, fitted out several boats, and provided legal nets and other requisite materials, the Claddaghmen, enraged at what they regarded as an invasion of their rights, attacked the company's boats, destroyed their nets, cut their sails and cables, threw overboard their anchors, and ill treated their crewsi. Redress was given, and future protection pledged by Government, rules were prescribed by the Commissioners of Customs for settling the measurement of the meshes of sea-nets, public feeling united with constituted authority to break the usurped power of the Claddagh would-be corporation; and still, for reasons which could not be very succinctly explained, the Claddagh-men continue, in a great measure, to dispose as they please of the vast fishing-grounds, and to humour their own whims and prejudices, as to the seasons of fishing, in preference to any wise attempt to obtain regular supplies for the inarket. — Their fishing-boats. previous to 1790, seldom exceeded 5 tons in burden ; but those built after that date were gradually made larger, till, about 16 or 20 years ago, they began to be generally of the site now in use. So long as the boats were small, they seldom ventured beyond the islands of Arran, or farther than half-an-hour's sailing from tho land; they usually coa»^ed along the shores of Cunnemara; and, on the first indication of a smart breeae, or a sudden change of weather, they immediately ran ibr

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

10. Clady-Bridge as gateway to Cloghaneely district

    Clady Bridge · bridge · Donegal

    Clady-Bridge, though consisting of only an inn and a few poor cabins, possesses interest as a key-post to the magnificently scenic though comparatively ill-known district of Cloghaneely. The coast-road from Killybegs to Dunfanaghy meets a road running eastward to Glenveagh at this point.

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    CLADY-BRIDGE, a hamlet in the baronj of Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal. It stands near the mouth of the Clady rivulet, 6i miles west by north of Dunlewy, and 140| north-west by north of Dublin. Though consisting of only an inn and a few poor cabins, it possesses interest as a key-post to the magnificently scenic, though comparatively ill-known, district of Cloghaneely. The coast-road from Killybegs to Dunfanaghy is met at Clady-Bridge by a road which runs eastward to Glenveagh.

    CLAGGAN, a village in the parish of Kilcoai' mon, barony of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught. It stands on the east shore of Ballan bay, opposite the north-east angle of Cooran-Achill, and about9 miles west-north- west of Newport- Pratt.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

11. Claggan headland, Claggan Tower and bay in Galway

    Claggan · townland · Galway

    The Claggan headland terminates the peninsula separating Ballinakill Bay from Claggan Bay, looking toward Innisboffin and bearing a landmark called Claggan Tower. The bay has good shelter, safe anchorage, and sufficient depth for large vessels; a quay was built to promote fisheries.

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    CLAGGAN, a headland and a bay in the barony of Ballinahinch, co. Galway, Connaught The headland is the termination of the peninsula which separates the bay of Ballinakill from Claggan bay ; it looks direct toward Innisboffin, lying at the distance of 2f miles to the west-north-west ; and it bears aloft a landmark called Claggan Tower. The be/ it rather more than 1^ mile wide at the entrance ; it penetrates the land 2f miles eaat-south-eastward, and gradually narrows almost to a point; and it Bas good shelter, safe anchorage, and always a sttlBdeat depth of water to float the largest vessels. A qoay was built for the promotion of the fisheries ; but, in order to afford safe shelter for boats in winter, aad subserve the purposes of the herrinff-fishcfj in January, it would require a south-easterly rytimsimi of 40 feet. The coast around the bay and the 1 land is very wild.

    CLAHANE. See Cloghaite.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

12. Clane town burned in 1798 rebellion

    Clane · town · Kildare · 1798

    The town of Clane, on the left bank of the Liffey in County Kildare, was burned during the 1798 rebellion and subsequently rebuilt. A bridge of six arches maintains communication across the river.

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    The town of Clane, in the above parish, stands on the left bank of the Liffey, and on the road from Dublin to Rathangan, 6^ miles south-west by west of Celbridge, 12^ east-north-east of Rathangan, and I6j west-south-west of Dublin. This tovm waa burned in 1798, and was afterwards rebuilt A bridge of 6 arches maintains communication across the Liffey. In the immediate vicinity are an ancient earthwork of the kind called a Dun, and the ruins of an old castle, the history of which appears to be lost. An ebbev for canons regular is alleged to have been built at Clane in the 6th century bv St. Ailbe, and to have been, in the 12th century, toe meeting, place of a synod, which waa composed of 26 bishope and numerous abbots and other dignitaries, and whidi ordained that none but alumni of the eollese of Armagh should be eligible to professorships of divinity. The pretended antiquity of the abbey possibly points to a remote Culdean establishment. A Frandscaa friary, considerable remains of which still exist, was founded, nobody knows by whom, in the early pari of the 13th century. The manor of Chine formerly belonged to the fiunily of Sarsfield ; it passed from them to the fiMnily of Wogan,— .Archdall and Seward erroneously sav, to the family of O'Hogain t and it was sold by the representatives of the Wogens, ai the same tame as RATBcomtT : which see. Fani are held in the town on April 28, July 25^ and Oct* 15. Area of the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,216 ; in 1841, 335. Houses 51.

    CLANEBOT, or Clandkbot, a qaoodam territorial name of part of the counties of Antrim and Down, Ulster. In the reign of Edward IIL, the sept of Huffh-Boy O'Neill, who inherited part of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

13. Clan-Hugh-Boye O'Neills take Belfast Castle

    near Belfast · city · Antrim

    The sept of the O'Neills known as the Clan-Hugh-Boye, from whom the corrupted name of Claneboye derives in modern Downshire topography, took possession of Belfast Castle. During subsequent times the castle frequently exchanged masters and underwent dismantling and renovation while remaining largely in O'Neill hands.

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    History.'] — The name Belfast is a corruption of the words Beala-fearsaidh, signifying, in a free translation, *the town of the ford or ferry at the river's mouth.' The ford in the Lagan, to which the name alludes, was an important pass in the rude and tumultuous history of early times. Though the town itself is modern, its site is known in ancient history, and was called successively Beala-fearsaidh and Le Ford by the English and the Normans. A castle was naturally erected for controlling the pass across the river ; and, though not fixed to any date by existing historical record, is supposed, from antiquarian deduction, to have been built bv the celebrated John de Courcey, or some of bis followers. This castle was inferior in strength to that of Carrickfergus, and was held in conjunction with it, and as a subordinate strength, by the English. Edward Bruce, in bis expedition of 1315, is supposed to have found the castle in existence, and to have plundered and destroyed it ; and the notice of the havoc be worked in its vicinity is regarded by some as the earliest historical notice of Belfast In 1333, the rebellious English murdered William de Burgb, Earl of Ulster, in the castle ; and invited the native Irish to their assistance from beyond the Bann, whither they bad been driven by the invaders from England. The chiefs of the Irish septs, with their barbarian followers, now poured down upon the northern border of the English Pale, and almost annihilated whatever civilization had been introduced; and that sept of the O'Neills, who were known as the Clan-Hugh- Boye, and from whom the corrupted name of Claneboye is retained in the modem topographical nomenclature of part of Downshire, took possession of the castle of Belfast, and wielded its strength in subordination to the feudal purposes of their toparchical rule. During the subsequent times, when the assured English Pale extended no £srther north than to Drogheda, and the castle of Carrickfergus was the only English strength north of the Newry mountain::, the castle of Belfast frequently exchanged

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 176

14. Clara church and Clara-house, King's County

    Clara · town · Offaly · 1770

    The church at Clara in King's County was built about 1770, chiefly at the expense of the then proprietor Edward Armstrong. Adjoining the town is Clara-house, the seat of Edward Cox, while nearby seats include Kilclare (John Armstrong) and Kilcoursey (C. Baggot).

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    parish is a perpetual curacy, and a separate benetice, in the dio. of Meath. Gross income, £92 Os. 2|d. ; nett, £91 7s. 9\d. Patron, the incumbent of Ardnurcher. The church was built about the year 1770, chiefly at the expense, as is believed, of the then proprietor of the estate, Edward Armstrong, Esq. Sittings 2(X) ; attendance, about 70. Methodist, Wesleyan Methodist, and Baptist meeting-houses — the last a schoolroom — have an attendance of respectively 15, 00, and 40. The Tubber and the Clara Roman Catholic chapels have an attendance of respectively from 700 to 800, and about 2,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, the former is united to Ballagh chapel in Kilcumreagh, and the latter to the chapel of Ardnurcher. A Roman Catholic chapel also is attached to a convent, is under the care of friars, and has an attendance of about 800. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 643 Churchmen, 49 Protestant dissenters, and 7.255 Roman Catholics; and 13 daily schools — 10 of which were supported wholly by fees — had on their books 380 boys and 174 girls, and were attended by about 20 other children.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

15. Clare barony in County Galway described

    Clare · townland · Galway · 1831–1841

    The barony of Clare in co. Galway is bounded by the Black River, Lough Corrib, and several baronies. It contains numerous parishes, the towns of Headford and part of Tuam, and has a varied surface of bog, morass, meadow, and rocky land, with the most remarkable height being on the grounds of Castle-Hacket.

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    CLARE, a barony of co. Galway, Connaught. It is bounded, on the north-west, by the Black River, which divides it from the county of Mayo; on the north, by Dunmore; on the east, by Tyaquin and Athenry ; on the south, by Dunkellin ; and, on the west, by Lough Corrib, which divides it from Moycullen. Its greatest length, from east to west, is 18^ miles; its greatest breadth, from north to south, is 12^ miles; and its area is 136,870 acres. Various hills, of various heights and formic, occur at intervals ; but they are either isolated, or constitute inconsiderable groups and ridges ; and they are not sufliciently numerous, dispersed, or lofty, to relieve the whole of the surface from tameness of contour. The most remarkable height is on the grounds of Castle- Hacket : which sec. A large proportion of the surface is dismal bog and green morass ; a considerable part is meadow and pasture-ground; much is rocky and broken land, partly arable and partly pastoral; yet, in spite of these deductions, the general appearance is, over a large extent, agreeable, and occasionally picturesque. The main drainage is by the affluento and main stream of the Clare

    river This barony contains part of the parishes of

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16. Clarecastle town and its old castle on the Fergus

    near Clarecastle · population centre · Clare

    The town of Clare stands on the river Fergus, with an old castle as its most conspicuous feature, converted into a barracks making it a regular military station. The Fergus tumbles over a ledge of rocks beneath the castle walls and is immediately stemmed by the tide.

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    present century, it has been agitated from centre to circumference, and sometimes reduced to total and dismal anarchy, by systematic agrarian disturbances. CLARE, a town in the parish of Clare- Abbey, , barony of I<4lands, co. Clare, Munster. It stands on the river Fergus, and on one of the roads from Limerick to Eimis, 2 miles south by east of Ennis, 15} miles north-west of Limerick, and 109| west-southwest of Dublin. Its site is pleasant, and even beautiful; and its ownapfiearance, though unpretending, is cleanly and agreeable. An old oistlc is its most conspicuous feature ; and, by being transmuted into a convenient barrack, has rendered the town a regular military station. A good stone-bridge carries the highway across the Fergus. The profusely and picturesquely isleted estuary of the Fergus begins to expand A short distance below the town ; and the main body of the stream itself tumbles merrily over a ledge of rocks, beneath the walls of the castle, and is, instantly afterwards, stemmed by the tide. Rich lands of deep alluvium commence at the termination of the tideway, and expanding to considerable breadth, accompany the Fergus to the Shannon ; and lands of that broken, craggy, but opulently pastoral kind which prevail over so large an extent of the limefitone district of the county, commence alnio>t at the cataract, and stretch up the stream toward Ennis. Clare is the terminating point of the natural navigation of the Fergus ; and may be considered as the port of all the central districts of the county. The project of a canal hence to the vicinity of Ennis has frequently been discussed, and was recently reviewed by the Commissioners ; but, owing either to jobbing or to commendable prudence— authorities differ and seem almost balanced in saying whether— it has met no effective favour. A quay at Clare affords quite incompetent accommodation to vessels ; and the river, over a brief distance below, makes a sharp bend, has an inconvenient shallowness of water, and is much obstructed with rocks and islets. A wooden jetty was, in consequence, planned by the Commissioners for Improving the Shannon Navigation, to be constructed at a little distance below the town, on a spot which offers more facilities than any other in the neighbourhood for the approach of vessels. This work is estimated to cost £4,400 ; and it will admit of extension at any period when the state of trade may require increased accommodation. In 1835, the exports consisted of 3,007 tons of corn, meal, and flour, and were estimated in value at ^616,617; and the imports consisted of 1,671 tons of coals, culm, and cinders, valued at Jb' 1,52*2, and 39 packages of wrought iron and hardwares, valued at £150. A steamer sails twice a-week to Limerick ; and a car conveys passengers to it from Ennis. The other public conveyances, in 1838, were 3 coaches in transit between Limerick an<l Ennis. A dispensary in the town is within the Ennis Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 6,235; and, in 1839-40, it received jfl08 12s., and expended £107. The ruins of an old abbey stand ahout a mile to the north. See Claue-Abbey. Clare was, at one time, the county-town of co. Clare. In 1278, Mahon O'Brien sustained here a sanguinary defeat in great feudal fight with Donnell, son of Teigue Calishe O'Brien. The town gave the title of Viscount, in 1062, to Sir Daniel 0*Brien of Carrigaholt; and the title of Earl, in 1795. to John Fitzgihbon, who had, respectively in 1784, 1789, and 1793, been made Lord-chancellor of Ireland, Baron Fitzgibbon, and Viscount Fitzgibbon. Area of the town, 54 acres. Pop , in 18;)!, 1,021 ; in 1841, 879. Houses 148. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 54; in manufactures and trade, 75; in other

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

17. Clare Island lighthouse on north-east cliff

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo · 1840

    A lighthouse crowns a lofty cliff on the north-east extremity of Clare Island in Clew Bay. Though of doubtful value as a sea-light, it forms a good mark for entering Clew Bay. The cost of maintaining this lighthouse during the year 1840 was £813 4s. 7d.

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    CL AKE^, or Claiia, an i>land in the parish of KlIgevor, haruiiy of Miirrittk, co Mayo, Connaught. It lifs ill the middle of tiie entrance of Clciv bay, ahont *2\ miles s-outh-south-west of Achilbeg, 2j northnorth-west of Buinaha Point, and 14^ west of Westport. Leii^Mh, from oaAt to west, 4;^ miles; breadth, *J ; area, .'^,959 acres, *21 pcrehes. The north-west side ri>e> to the elevation of several hundred feet, and pre-ents to the ocean a fine mural face of precipitous cliir-*; hut the south-we*«t side, though facing the whole breadth of the Atlantic, shelves down to a comparatively low and even tame seu-board. The interior surface is diver^ified in contour; and, in one place, sends up a height, which, but for its being cap. able of cultivation to the summit, might be termed a mountain. The highest ground is Knockmore, situ.ited on the west coast, and lifting its summit to the altitude of I,5'2() feet above bea- level. The island appears to be one of the most fertile of the ni.iity which surround the mainland of the kingdom ; it contains a valley which produces as luxuriant crop'i of corn and potatoes as are anywhere to be seen ; it in nearly all in a tolerably good >tate of cultivation ; and it is susceptible, under the management of skill and taste, of being made, in a suhlunury >en-e, a miniature paradise. It is the property of Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart. The rock, ut the cast end, i>i <<iind!»tone conglomerate, but elsewhere i< chiclly slate. A lighthouse crowns a lofty clilf on the north-east extremity; and, though of 4iou))t:ul v.ilue as a sea-light, forms a good mark for esitering (.'lew bay. The co^t of maintaining this lighthou>e during* the year 1640, was i!8l3 4s. 7(i. (Jood anchornge is obtained, in south-west wind<, under the lee of the island. A small pier was built in a little sandy bay at the east end, by Sir Samuel O'.Malley's father; but it con- .vi-t* of only a wall about 7 feet thick and 228 feet loiiu'. and covers a cove of only 900 feet by 150, mostly shallow and rocky, and possessing, even at the pier-head, no greater a depth than 0 or 10 feet. Harbour improvements were projected for this cove by Mr. Ninuno, to accommodate sailing-craft, and to co-^t at Ica-t jt'j.UOO. An useful creek for yawls could be formed at Port-a-Chonile, in the middle of the south >ide of the island, at a cost of about £250. A small creek, called Luckny, near the west end, is sometin)es u^ed as a landing-place for boats; but does not seem capable of improvement. Much grain is shipped for Westport; large quantities of seamanure are landed ; and about 340 men and boys <!ivide their cares between farming and the fisheries. At the principal creek, or that at the east end of the i>land, are a rather populous village, and a picture>({uely situated old castle. Grana Uaile, of curious fame, tiivided the seat of her strange power between thir. cattle and that of Carrigaiiooly [which see]; but the (Mare edifice possesses little except the association oi her name to excite interest, and consists ''imply of one of tho>c square towers which are so connnon over Ireland. In the neighbourhood of Port-a-Chonile, are an ugly bar Imrian- looking village and ^onie remains of a I'armelite friary or abbey, which \\a< founded in l'i'J4. A window in the ruin is a very good >pecimen oi Irish art; and in the win- (low i^ prc-crved, with mon>trous veneration, the alleged >ku!l (»t Grana I'aile, ornamented with ril>- bon^ and L'old car-iings, and exhibited to pilgrims a^ a N.iliiahle relic. Yet some Scottish speculator in hoi.e ninnure is >aid To have, not many years ago, nih'd various old churchyards in the western roaiiti uiiil i^landi of their loose Ixmey ; and, in particular,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

18. Clare Island pier and harbour improvements

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo

    A small pier was built in a little sandy bay at the east end of Clare Island by Sir Samuel O'Malley's father, consisting of a wall about 7 feet thick and 228 feet long. Harbour improvements were projected by Mr. Nimmo to accommodate sailing-craft at a cost of at least £3,000, and a useful creek for yawls could be formed at Port-a-Chonile for about £250.

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    CL AKE^, or Claiia, an i>land in the parish of KlIgevor, haruiiy of Miirrittk, co Mayo, Connaught. It lifs ill the middle of tiie entrance of Clciv bay, ahont *2\ miles s-outh-south-west of Achilbeg, 2j northnorth-west of Buinaha Point, and 14^ west of Westport. Leii^Mh, from oaAt to west, 4;^ miles; breadth, *J ; area, .'^,959 acres, *21 pcrehes. The north-west side ri>e> to the elevation of several hundred feet, and pre-ents to the ocean a fine mural face of precipitous cliir-*; hut the south-we*«t side, though facing the whole breadth of the Atlantic, shelves down to a comparatively low and even tame seu-board. The interior surface is diver^ified in contour; and, in one place, sends up a height, which, but for its being cap. able of cultivation to the summit, might be termed a mountain. The highest ground is Knockmore, situ.ited on the west coast, and lifting its summit to the altitude of I,5'2() feet above bea- level. The island appears to be one of the most fertile of the ni.iity which surround the mainland of the kingdom ; it contains a valley which produces as luxuriant crop'i of corn and potatoes as are anywhere to be seen ; it in nearly all in a tolerably good >tate of cultivation ; and it is susceptible, under the management of skill and taste, of being made, in a suhlunury >en-e, a miniature paradise. It is the property of Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart. The rock, ut the cast end, i>i <<iind!»tone conglomerate, but elsewhere i< chiclly slate. A lighthouse crowns a lofty clilf on the north-east extremity; and, though of 4iou))t:ul v.ilue as a sea-light, forms a good mark for esitering (.'lew bay. The co^t of maintaining this lighthou>e during* the year 1640, was i!8l3 4s. 7(i. (Jood anchornge is obtained, in south-west wind<, under the lee of the island. A small pier was built in a little sandy bay at the east end, by Sir Samuel O'.Malley's father; but it con- .vi-t* of only a wall about 7 feet thick and 228 feet loiiu'. and covers a cove of only 900 feet by 150, mostly shallow and rocky, and possessing, even at the pier-head, no greater a depth than 0 or 10 feet. Harbour improvements were projected for this cove by Mr. Ninuno, to accommodate sailing-craft, and to co-^t at Ica-t jt'j.UOO. An useful creek for yawls could be formed at Port-a-Chonile, in the middle of the south >ide of the island, at a cost of about £250. A small creek, called Luckny, near the west end, is sometin)es u^ed as a landing-place for boats; but does not seem capable of improvement. Much grain is shipped for Westport; large quantities of seamanure are landed ; and about 340 men and boys <!ivide their cares between farming and the fisheries. At the principal creek, or that at the east end of the i>land, are a rather populous village, and a picture>({uely situated old castle. Grana Uaile, of curious fame, tiivided the seat of her strange power between thir. cattle and that of Carrigaiiooly [which see]; but the (Mare edifice possesses little except the association oi her name to excite interest, and consists ''imply of one of tho>c square towers which are so connnon over Ireland. In the neighbourhood of Port-a-Chonile, are an ugly bar Imrian- looking village and ^onie remains of a I'armelite friary or abbey, which \\a< founded in l'i'J4. A window in the ruin is a very good >pecimen oi Irish art; and in the win- (low i^ prc-crved, with mon>trous veneration, the alleged >ku!l (»t Grana I'aile, ornamented with ril>- bon^ and L'old car-iings, and exhibited to pilgrims a^ a N.iliiahle relic. Yet some Scottish speculator in hoi.e ninnure is >aid To have, not many years ago, nih'd various old churchyards in the western roaiiti uiiil i^landi of their loose Ixmey ; and, in particular,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

19. Clare Island's dramatic landscape and fertility

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo

    Clare Island lies at the entrance of Clew Bay in co. Mayo. Its north-west side rises to several hundred feet with precipitous cliffs, while Knockmore on the west coast reaches 1,520 feet. The island is described as one of the most fertile surrounding the mainland, containing a valley producing luxuriant crops of corn and potatoes.

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    CL AKE^, or Claiia, an i>land in the parish of KlIgevor, haruiiy of Miirrittk, co Mayo, Connaught. It lifs ill the middle of tiie entrance of Clciv bay, ahont *2\ miles s-outh-south-west of Achilbeg, 2j northnorth-west of Buinaha Point, and 14^ west of Westport. Leii^Mh, from oaAt to west, 4;^ miles; breadth, *J ; area, .'^,959 acres, *21 pcrehes. The north-west side ri>e> to the elevation of several hundred feet, and pre-ents to the ocean a fine mural face of precipitous cliir-*; hut the south-we*«t side, though facing the whole breadth of the Atlantic, shelves down to a comparatively low and even tame seu-board. The interior surface is diver^ified in contour; and, in one place, sends up a height, which, but for its being cap. able of cultivation to the summit, might be termed a mountain. The highest ground is Knockmore, situ.ited on the west coast, and lifting its summit to the altitude of I,5'2() feet above bea- level. The island appears to be one of the most fertile of the ni.iity which surround the mainland of the kingdom ; it contains a valley which produces as luxuriant crop'i of corn and potatoes as are anywhere to be seen ; it in nearly all in a tolerably good >tate of cultivation ; and it is susceptible, under the management of skill and taste, of being made, in a suhlunury >en-e, a miniature paradise. It is the property of Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart. The rock, ut the cast end, i>i <<iind!»tone conglomerate, but elsewhere i< chiclly slate. A lighthouse crowns a lofty clilf on the north-east extremity; and, though of 4iou))t:ul v.ilue as a sea-light, forms a good mark for esitering (.'lew bay. The co^t of maintaining this lighthou>e during* the year 1640, was i!8l3 4s. 7(i. (Jood anchornge is obtained, in south-west wind<, under the lee of the island. A small pier was built in a little sandy bay at the east end, by Sir Samuel O'.Malley's father; but it con- .vi-t* of only a wall about 7 feet thick and 228 feet loiiu'. and covers a cove of only 900 feet by 150, mostly shallow and rocky, and possessing, even at the pier-head, no greater a depth than 0 or 10 feet. Harbour improvements were projected for this cove by Mr. Ninuno, to accommodate sailing-craft, and to co-^t at Ica-t jt'j.UOO. An useful creek for yawls could be formed at Port-a-Chonile, in the middle of the south >ide of the island, at a cost of about £250. A small creek, called Luckny, near the west end, is sometin)es u^ed as a landing-place for boats; but does not seem capable of improvement. Much grain is shipped for Westport; large quantities of seamanure are landed ; and about 340 men and boys <!ivide their cares between farming and the fisheries. At the principal creek, or that at the east end of the i>land, are a rather populous village, and a picture>({uely situated old castle. Grana Uaile, of curious fame, tiivided the seat of her strange power between thir. cattle and that of Carrigaiiooly [which see]; but the (Mare edifice possesses little except the association oi her name to excite interest, and consists ''imply of one of tho>c square towers which are so connnon over Ireland. In the neighbourhood of Port-a-Chonile, are an ugly bar Imrian- looking village and ^onie remains of a I'armelite friary or abbey, which \\a< founded in l'i'J4. A window in the ruin is a very good >pecimen oi Irish art; and in the win- (low i^ prc-crved, with mon>trous veneration, the alleged >ku!l (»t Grana I'aile, ornamented with ril>- bon^ and L'old car-iings, and exhibited to pilgrims a^ a N.iliiahle relic. Yet some Scottish speculator in hoi.e ninnure is >aid To have, not many years ago, nih'd various old churchyards in the western roaiiti uiiil i^landi of their loose Ixmey ; and, in particular,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

20. Clare town and Claremount demesne in Mayo

    Clare · townland · Mayo

    The town of Clare in Mayo acts as a practical metropolis for the east of the county, better circumstanced for retail trade than other small towns. Adjoining the town is Claremount, the seat of its proprietor James Browne, Esq., and the noble, extensively wooded demesne of Castle-Macgarret is in the vicinity.

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    CLARE, or Clari:-M(»rki8, a town in the pari-h of Kilcolemun, barony of Clanmorns, co. Mayo, Connaught. It stands on the direct roAii from Ballinrol>e to Sligo, and at the converging point of several subordinate roads, 5 miles north-north-ea:*t of Hollymount, and 111^ west bv north of Dublin. Though situated on no principal line of thoroughfare, but appearing to be in a great degree sequcsteretl, it in better circumstanced for retail trade than any other of the numerous small towns of the county. Its site wants picturesqueness, yet is decidedly pleasant; and its own appearance, as to at once editicing, street-alignment, cleanliness, and comparative freedom from the squalid misery which putrities so many similar places, is agreeable and alino^^t attractive. Its influence, as a seat of trade, of ses»ions, of a constabulary force, and of church, chapel, and schools, amounts to that of a practical metropolis of the east of Mayo. Fairs are held on May 24, June 2*2, Aug. 17> Sept. 27« and Nov. 23. A dispensary here is within the Ballinrol>e Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 43,018 acres, with a pop of 16,827 ; and, in 1640^41, it expended £125 IDs. 6d., and administered to 1,301 patients. Adjoining the town is Chiremount, the seat of its proprietor, James Browne, Esq. and in the vicinity is the noble and extensively wooded demesne of Cantlk-Macgarret : see that article, and see also Kilcolkman. Area of the town, 52 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,476; in 1841, 2,256. Houses 380. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 179; in manufactures and trade, 101; in other pursuits, (15. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 23 ; on the directing of labour, 182 ; on their own manual labour, 192 ; on means not specified, 8.

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21. Clay Lake and lead mining in Armagh

    Clay · townland · Armagh · 1830–1846

    Clay Lake, near the town of Keady in co. Armagh, is one of the largest lakes in the county. The townland of Clay was leased by the Board of Trinity College to the Mining Company of Ireland for the production of lead.

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    CLAY, a lake in the parish of Keady, tAuyni a mile south of the town of Keady, barony and county of Armagh, Ulster. Though inconsiderable when compared to the lakes of many other counties, it figures as one of the largest in Armagh. The townland which it washes also bears the name of Clay, and is one of twenty-eight which the Board of Trinity college not many years ago leased, for the produce of lead, to the Mining Company of Ireland.

    CLAY-CASTLE, a small hilly promontory, on the west side of Youghal Harbour, about a mile south-west of Youghal, co. Cork, Munster. " Thia hill," says Dr. Smith, " atlbrds a very entertaining scene to the curious naturali«t ; for the pieces of the bank which break off and are washed down by the sea, are by degrees petrified into a very hard firm grit, as solid as any stone. This grit, which is a species of freestone, is composed of a mixture of fine sand, and a vellowloam or clay tempered by the seawater, which beats against the hill. I have taken up several pieces, half clay, half stone, and the sand adhering thereto. The hill seems perfectly dry, nor is there any spring in which this petrifying quality can reside ; but whatever it be, it seems to exist entirely in the clay. Wood and several other things, daubed over with this clay, are also petrified on the spot."

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22. Clew Bay's archipelago and mountain screens

    near Clew Bay · bay · Mayo

    Clew Bay in Mayo features a crowded archipelago of fertile islands at its head and bold, rocky shores. It is presided over by Croagh Patrick and contains numerous creeks and harbours used for fisheries.

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    shore niul the northern part of the coast around its head helong to the barony of Burrishoole ; and its 5;outh shore and the southern part of the coast around its head belong to the barony of Murrink. The outline of all its head, and of about 6 miles Hiid 3^ respj'ctively down its north and south sides, i^? 9o siiiRularly intricate as to present a continued and richly diversirted series of little bays and peninstil^u ; and the belt of from 6 to 3.V miles across the head is a thoroughly crowded archipelago, a labyrinthine* expanse of green and blooming isles and ii^ets, which vie with one another in beauty, and are variously estimated in number at nearly 100, at 170, at upwiirds of 300, and at nearly 400. The shores west ot the archipelago are bold, rocky, occasionally mountainous, and prevailingly unindented ; they consist, on the north, of the grand sandstone heights of Conum Achill, fringed in some ppot* with low limestone reefs ; and, on the south, of shivery quartz rock, serpentine, and granite, towering aloft in cliff and iMninence, and immediately presided over by the ^'rand-moniircli mountain of the west, the magniti- Ci-ut ("iioAon- Patrick: see that article. The i«iland of Clare [which see] occunies one-third of the entrance of the bay, and largely contributes to both the beauty of its scenery and the safety of its harbourage and navigation. The profusion of isles in the archipelnpo are composed of a deep loamy soil upon a basis of lime-itone ; and, excepting unimportant i-^let-*, are all fertile and well cultivated. The principal are Moyni>hmore, Moynishbeg, Inniskeel, llo^murrevagh, Inishcooa, Roeillaun, Inii^herkin, Ini^htuhrid, Inishnacross, Inishnuirk, Inishcorky, Inishcannon, Ros<turk, Inishdaslcy, Inishdoonyer, Inishkea, Freaghillaneast, Inishfesh, Inishgowla, Ini<hoo, Inishdaweel, Muckinish, Inishdaff, Inishturk, Rabbit. Island, Inishturlin, Inishcottle, Illanmaw, Inishbee, Cloghcormick, Inishnakill, Clynith, Derrini^h, CoUaiunore, Collanbeg, Inishgort, Inishlyre, Illanataggart, Crovini^h, Inishgowla, Dorinishmore, Dorinishbeg, Inishleague, Inishdaugh, Inisheeny, Annairh, Cahirnarran, and Meeneenyaw. The islet of Mini^h, in the reign of Charles I., had an area of 12 acres; in 1814, it was reduced in extent to 420 feet by 30; and in 1S16, it totally disappeared. Superb views of the bay, its islands, and its gorgeous mountain-«creens, are obtained from very many points of observation in its neighboiirlMKxl ; but those from Melcomb-Hill near Newport, and from the summit of Croagh- Patrick, are particularly imposing. Nearly the whole bay is clear of dant^er to navigation ; its labyrinth of creeks and sounds, at the upper end, presents a multitude of vafe harbours and roadsteads; its creeks of OldifKAi>, MvNisii, DooBKo, and some others [see t)ie^t> articles), are in use as fishery-stations; and it^ ciiief expansions at the north and south corners .of it^ head form the bays or harbours of Neitport and WrsTPoRT : whicfi see. Upwards of 20,<XX> pir>ons on its shores and inlands are supposed to be wi.oily or partly eniplove<l and maintained by its ti^iu'rie"

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

23. Clifden Castle anchorage for government cruisers

    Clifden · town · Galway

    The anchorage for large vessels in front of Clifden Castle offered such accommodation and shelter that it became a favourite rendezvous for government cruisers. These vessels resorted there for maintaining post-office communication.

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    hiiilt with coiis'uIeral)Ie regularity ; it comprises two dfridedly good streets, as well os a third of less pretending character ; it presents a general appearance of smartness and comfort ; and it contains a Gothic parish-chnrch, a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, two pttblic school-houses, a bridewell, a workhouse, a dispensary, and a comparatively good and commodious inn. The bridewell contains 2 day-rnomn, B cells, and 2 yards ; and is kept in a thoroughly clean and regular conditicHi. Some of the other buildings will be noticed in a subsequent par^rnph, and some in the article Omay : which see. The quay was built partly bv government money under the inspection of Mr. Kimmo in 182*2, partly by a separate government grant of £168 16s., partly with a portion of the charitable funds under the in>ipection of Captain Boileau of the Coast Guard, and partly, we believe, at the private expense of Mr. D'Arcy. The consTruction of this work and the opening of the a(!jacent country by government roads, \vere the grand ancillaries to the town's progress. Yet the quay admits no larger vessels than those of 200 tons burden ; and is too far embayed to be a place of rendezvous for fishing -boats employed in the herring and other fisheries. The basin or natural harbour in front of the quay has an area of 20 acres, and is completely landlocked ; it communicates with the bay by a deep and contracted passage between rocks ; and the anchorage for large vessels is situated in front of Clifden castle, and offers such accommo<iation and shelter as to be a favourite rendezvous of the government cruizers, and the place to which they resort for maintaining post-oilice communication. See Ard- BKAR. Though the town itself has not more than about 90 or 100 fishermen, it is the head of a fishing I district which, in 1890, possessed 15 half-decked ves- j sels carrying aggregately 306 tons and 48 men, 170 ! sail-boats carrying 522 men, and 1,295 row-boats { carrying 5,714 men. The quantity of oats sold ot i the town's markets is supposed to be upwards of j 1,000 tons a- year. A mail-car plies to Gal way, and i communicates there with the coach to Dublin.' j

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

24. Clifden Castle and its rapid improvements

    Clifden · town · Galway

    Clifden Castle is a modern castellated mansion remarkable for its magnificent site. Its proprietor, John D'Arcy, effected rapid improvements including the conversion of a bog into a lawn and the reclamation of moorland.

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    little promontory, to the castellated entrance of Clifden-castle, and to a view of that mansion's demesne, and of a far-away perspective of sea and mountain which thrills even a phlegmatic mind with delight. Soaring heights and expanding woods rise behind the mansion ; the castle looks boldly out from the centre, amidst shelter on the west, the north, and the east ; a fine bloping lawn in front, reaches down to the beautiful landlocked bay; and a diversified sea-board and coast-line on the west, form the foreground of a sea-view which dimly blends in the far distance with cloud and sky. An upper or mountain road from the town to the castle discloses the same objects in grouping with others replete with sublimity and force, and strongly reminds one of some select district among the northern spurs of the Alps. •* I was delighted," says Mr. Inglis, ** with the new views which the road discloses, — more Swiss in character than anything I had seen in Ireland. The mountain-range behind Clifden — the Twelve Pins of Binnabola — is almo<t worthy of Switzeiland. In its outline, nothing can be finer." The castle is a modern castellated edifice, remarkable chiefly for the magnificence of its site, and for the association of its name with a series of rapid and singular improvements, which include the conversion of a bog into the lawn of the demesne, the origination and prosperity of the town, and the reclamation from moorland desert to pro<luctive fields of a considerable portion of the surrounding country. John D'Arcy, Esq., the proprietor of the mansion, is the most extensive landowner of Cunnemara except Mr. Martin of Ballinahinch ; and he achieved, within a very few years, the construction of the town and the great enrichment of its environs.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

25. Clifden Poor-law union and workhouse established

    Clifden · town · Galway · 1840–1842

    The Clifden Poor-law union was declared on 17 August 1840, covering 191,426 acres in Co. Galway with a population of 28,639 in 1831. The workhouse was contracted for on 7 January 1841, to be completed by July 1842 at a cost of £3,000, accommodating 300 persons.

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    The Clifden Poor-law union ranks as the ll5th ; and was declared on Aug. 17, 1840. It lies all in | CO. Galway, and comprehends an area of I91,42(> acres, which contained, in 1831, a pop. of 28,639. | Its electoral divisions, with their respective pop., in i \83\, are, Clifden, 6,721 ; Renvyle, 7,183; Round- I stone, 9,942 ; and Ballindoon, 4,793. The number ' of ex-oHicio and of elected guardians is respectively 4 and 12; and of the latter 4 are chosen by Roundstone ' division, 3 by Clifden, 3 by Renvyle, and 2 by BaU I lindoon. This union is singularly ill provided with | medical appliances. It derives no benefit whatever < from either the infirmary or the fever hoi»pital at j Galway ; and it has within itself only one remedial institution. — a dispensary. Thi« dispensary is situ- ' Bted at Clifden, and serves, as it best can, for a dis- . trictof 191,426 acres, with a pop., in 1831, of 28,639; ' and, in 1840-41, it expended i;i95 14s., and made ' 3,640 dispensations of medicine. The workhouse . was contracted for on Jan. 7, 1841, — to be completed : in July 1842,— to cost £3,000 for building and com- ' pletion, and £900 for fittings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 4 acres, 3 roods, 17 perches, for i which an annual rent of £6 is paid, — and to contain accommodation for 300 persons. A Loan Fund, in : 1841, had a capital ef £409, circulated £1,732 in 1,037 loans, cleared a nett profit of £17 18s. 6<1., and expended £15 on charitable purposes. A second Loan Fund, in the same year, had a capital of £113, and circulated £1,522 in 1,522 loans. Area of the town, 40 acres. l>op., in 1831, 1,257; in 1841, i,509. Houses 182. Families employed chierty in u|^ri culture, 53; in manufactures aud trade, 134; iu

    other ptirsuitij, 6R. Fomiliei dependent chiefly on property and professions, 14; on the directing of labour, 130; on their own manual labour, 65; oo means not specified, 37.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

26. Clifden quay built with government funds

    Clifden · town · Galway · 1822

    Clifden's quay was constructed beginning in 1822 using government money under Mr. Kimmo's inspection, supplemented by a separate government grant and charitable funds. A natural harbour basin of 20 acres lies in front of the quay, completely landlocked and communicating with the bay through a deep, contracted passage between rocks.

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    hiiilt with coiis'uIeral)Ie regularity ; it comprises two dfridedly good streets, as well os a third of less pretending character ; it presents a general appearance of smartness and comfort ; and it contains a Gothic parish-chnrch, a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, two pttblic school-houses, a bridewell, a workhouse, a dispensary, and a comparatively good and commodious inn. The bridewell contains 2 day-rnomn, B cells, and 2 yards ; and is kept in a thoroughly clean and regular conditicHi. Some of the other buildings will be noticed in a subsequent par^rnph, and some in the article Omay : which see. The quay was built partly bv government money under the inspection of Mr. Kimmo in 182*2, partly by a separate government grant of £168 16s., partly with a portion of the charitable funds under the in>ipection of Captain Boileau of the Coast Guard, and partly, we believe, at the private expense of Mr. D'Arcy. The consTruction of this work and the opening of the a(!jacent country by government roads, \vere the grand ancillaries to the town's progress. Yet the quay admits no larger vessels than those of 200 tons burden ; and is too far embayed to be a place of rendezvous for fishing -boats employed in the herring and other fisheries. The basin or natural harbour in front of the quay has an area of 20 acres, and is completely landlocked ; it communicates with the bay by a deep and contracted passage between rocks ; and the anchorage for large vessels is situated in front of Clifden castle, and offers such accommo<iation and shelter as to be a favourite rendezvous of the government cruizers, and the place to which they resort for maintaining post-oilice communication. See Ard- BKAR. Though the town itself has not more than about 90 or 100 fishermen, it is the head of a fishing I district which, in 1890, possessed 15 half-decked ves- j sels carrying aggregately 306 tons and 48 men, 170 ! sail-boats carrying 522 men, and 1,295 row-boats { carrying 5,714 men. The quantity of oats sold ot i the town's markets is supposed to be upwards of j 1,000 tons a- year. A mail-car plies to Gal way, and i communicates there with the coach to Dublin.' j

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

27. Clifden transformed from poor village to market town

    Clifden · town · Galway · 1822–1846

    Following public works and road improvements after 1822, the poor village of Clifden became a considerable market town exporting herrings, marble, and other goods. The peasantry, previously unacquainted with money, began paying rents in cash and appeared well clad in new clothing.

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    Previous to 1813, the only roads of Cunnemara were footpaths over bogs and rocky heights, or narrow bridle-roads highly dangerous or quite impracticable in winter, and scarcely passable by a mounted stranger even during summer. But one excellent carriage-road now makes the circuit of the whole coast, and brings all the numerous marine inlets and their valleys into overland communication b^ way of Costello bay with Galway ; another and sUU more valuable road proceeds from Galway to Oughterard, and thence along the great central valley, quite through the countiy, to Clifden ; and other unprovaments, in the form of subordinate roads, and of quays and piers, have been made to so great an extent as to render communication from every valuable or tolerably reclaimable part of Cunnemara easy with Galway, and thence with the rest of Ireland. ** The effect of the various public works, as Mrell roads as piers, and of paying the labourers in hard cash, upon the general prosperity of this country, since 1822, sayt .Mr. Nimmo," is quite surprising to every one ; "and though I may have been supposed somewhat sanguine in my expectations, the result has far outrun what I had anticipated. Trade and commerce have been introduced into the extremity of Cunemara, capital has accumulated in a surprising degree, and with it enterprise and exertion in the fisb^iries, in agriculture, and ill foreign trade. Cargoes of country goods, salt, timber, &c., are now imported direct into Cunemara; the poor village of Clifden has become a considerable market town, exports herrings, marble, &c The peasantry, who were almost entirely unacquainted with money, now pay their rents in cash, a tbiqg heretofore unknown ; they are well clad, evidently in new stuff; they bring to the markets of CUfilen a variety of articles'for sale, and never depart without making some purchases." — " It was impossible," says Mr. Inglis," to cast the eye over the vast inclined plains of bog-land, skirte«l by fine water-IeveU, which seemed to invite draining, without feeling a conrie* tion of the immense capabilities of this part of Ireland, and seeing in prospective these vast tracts bearing abundant produce, and the chains of loughs carrying that produce on the one side to Lough Oonib aad Galway bay, and on the other to Birterbuy liay. Off one of the other bays which lie to the westward. * * Most encouraging proofs are everywhere to bo soea of the capabilities of the bogs of Connemara. Oa the name land, 1 saw heaps of turf newly cut out oC the bog, and close by the finest crops of oata, potat

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

28. Cliff Lodge, Col. Conolly's residence on the Erne

    Cliff · electoral division · Donegal

    Cliff Lodge, the occasional residence of Col. Conolly, stands on the right bank of the River Erne near Belleek in Co. Donegal. Conolly, one of the most extensive and public-spirited landlords in the county, promoted the formation of roads and other public improvements in the surrounding bleak district.

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    CLIFF, an improved estate in the barony of Tyrhugh, co. Donegal, Ulster. Cliff I^lge, the occasional residence of Col. Conolly, the proprietor of the estate, stands on the right bank of the Erne, and on the margin of the county, a little below Belleek. Col. Conolly is one of the most extensive and public spirited landlords in the county ; and has promoted the formation of various roads and of other public improvements in the bleak and recently was»te district around the Lodge.

    CLIFFONEY, a village in the parish ef Ahamlish, barony of Carbery, co. Sligo, Connaught. It stands on the sea-board', and on the road from Sligo to Ballyshannon, about 1 \ mile from Mullaghmore, 3 miles from Grange, and 10 miles north of Sligo.. A large chapel, a schoolhouse, a good inn, and several good dwelling-houses were, within these few years erected here by Lord Palmerstown. His lesd^hip bus, for a considerable period, been prosecuting strong measures — such as reclaiming bog on the Chat- Moss system, planting sea-bent for arresting the progress of drift sand, and building the village and harbour of Mulloghmore — in order to improve the bleak and semi-sterile surrounding district. Fairs are held in Clilfoncy on May 18, June 18, Oct. 5, Nov. 6, and Dec. 15. A dispensary here is within the Sligo Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £127 7s. 2d., and made 2,470 dispensations of medicine to 870 patiento. Pop^ returned with the parish.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

29. Cloddagh rivulet and its lakes near Slieve-Russell

    Swanlinbar · town · Cavan

    The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the north-western projection of County Cavan, consisting of two head-streams one of which forms a chain of lakes immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell. The streams unite at Swanlinbar and pass into Fermanagh on their way to Upper Lough Erne.

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    north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

30. Clogheen fever hospital praised for cleanliness

    Clogheen · town · Tipperary · 1839–1840

    The Clogheen fever hospital, despite being an old building with ground-floor wards, was noted as a model of cleanliness and comfort. In 1839-40, it admitted 320 patients and expended over £335.

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    *pcctivcly 18 and C. The electoral divisions, with their respective pop. in 1831, are— Cahir, 9,229; Daraprath, 2,341; Ardiinane, 1,893; Tullamealon, 1,8:15; Newcastle, 2,455 ; Ballybacon, 2,970; Tullahorton, 1,9(55: Tubrid. 4.744; Whitechurch, 1,004; CMoffheen, 4,237; Ballyporeen, 5.786; and Kilbenny, 3,507. The total of valued houses is 8,014 ; and of those, 5,405 are valued under £5,-289 under £6, — -2(35 under i;7,— 219 under £8,-158 under £9,— 153 under £10,-205 under £12,-233 under £14. —64 under £15,-77 under £16.— 113 under £18, —90 under £20,-183 under £-25,-131 under £30, —130 under £40,-61 under £50,— and 178 at and above £50. The total nett annual value of the property rated is £60,431 ; the total number of persons rated is 8,077 ; and of these, 2,925 are rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 1,098, not exceeding £2, — 753, not exceeding £3, — 411, not exceeding £4, — and 379, not exceeding £5. The 'Workhou<«c was contracted for on Oct. 4, 1839, — to be completed in March 1841, — to cost £5,2:K) for building and completion, and £935 16s. for fittings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 6 acres, 31 perches, purchased for £34 4s. of compensation to ocrupving tenant, and subject to an annual rent of £12 Is., — and to contain occommodation for 500 pereions. The date of the first admission of paupers was June 29, 1842; the total expenditure thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £1,231 17f. 2^d.; and the totel previous expenditure was £1,157 2s. 7id. The Casfael Infirmary is partly but not sufficiently available to the Tipperary section of the union. Two fever hospitals at Clogheen and Cahir, are wholly available for sections of the union ; and those of Mitchellstown and Clonmel are available for the districts respectively of Templetenny and Newcastle. The dispensaries arc 4 in number, judiciously distributed, and quite sufficient for the union's wants ; and they have their seats at Clogheen, Cahir, Newcastle, and Ballyporeen. The Clogheen fever hospital contains 20 beds ; and though an old building, with the wards on the ground floor, it is admirably conducted, and almost a model of cleanliness and comfort: in ia39-40, it expended £335 16s. 3^d., and admitted 320 patients ; and a proposal was then entertained of erecting for it another building. The Clogheen dispensary during the same year expended £85 lOs., and administered to 3,211 patients. A Loan Fund, in I84I, had a capital of £1,000; circulated £4,461 in 1,996 loans; and realized £25 38.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

31. Clogheen town and its surroundings

    Clogheen · town · Tipperary

    Clogheen in Tipperary sits at a road intersection near the Knockmeledown mountains, featuring flour-mills driven by the Tar rivulet and a permanent cavalry barrack. Nearby landmarks include the Shanbally mansion and the Mitchelstown caves, which lie closer to Clogheen than their namesake town.

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    CLOGHEEN, a market and post town, in the parish of Shanrahan, barony of West Itfa and Offa, CO. Tipperary, MuuHter. It stands at the intersection of the road from Dublin to Cork, with that from Cahir to Lismore, 11^ miles south-west by west of Clonmel, 12 miles north-east of Kilworth, and 94i south-west by south of Dublin. The Tar rivulet, a considerable affluent of the Suir, runs eastward across the southern environs, and drives the extensive flour-mills of the Messrs. Grabb. Various neat villas and snug farm-houses are sprinkled over the vicinity ; the Knockmeledown mountains begin to rise immediately beyond the rivulet, and command, from the read over them to Lismore, an imposing view of the country arouiid Clogheen and of the beautiful Galtee mountains ; the splendid mansion of Shanbali«t [see that article} sits amidst an expanse of forest 2 miles north-north-west of the town ; and the singularly interesting caves of MiTCHELLBTowH [which See J lie nearer Clogheen than the town whence they have their name. Clogheen, in its interior structure and appearance, is orderly and comparatively pleasant. A barrack for two troops of cavalry is occupied as a permafieiit military station. A bridewell was built 4 or 5 year* ago ; and, in 1841, was officially reported to be **in tolerable good order," ^et to ^ fall very far short of the well-regulated bridewells in other counties.'* Fairs are held on Whitsun-Tuesday, Aug. 1, Oct. 28, and Dec. 12. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, passes within 5 statute miles of the town ; and will effect travelling thence to Dublin in 6 hours and 20 minutes.

    The Clogheen Poor.law union ranks as the 14th, and was declared on Feb. 2, 1838. It comprehends an area of 114 square miles, or 73,113 acres, lying partly in co. Tipperary, and partly in co. Limerick, and containing, in 1831, a pop. of 40,935. The number of elected and of ez-oflido guardians, is re-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

32. Clogheran (Swords) church built 1712

    near Cloghran · townland · Dublin · 1712–1834

    The parish of Clogheran, near Swords in Co. Dublin, had its church built in 1712. By 1834 the parishioners consisted of 64 Churchmen, 2 Protestant dissenters, and 475 Roman Catholics, with a pay daily school attended by about 50 children.

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    CLOGHR.VN, or Cloghhan. Swords, a parish in the barony of Coolock, 1^ mile south of Swords, CO. Dublin, Leinster. Length, 1^ mile; breadth, 1 ; area, l.,>.>8 acres. Pop., in 1^31, 541; in 1841, .'>4!). Houses 92. The land is in general good ; the surtace derb nes to the east ; and the interior is traverstMl by the road from Swords to Dublin. — This p:«ri«h is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of l)ui>bii. 'i'ithe nnnposition, £184 Pis. 3|d. ; p!i'}>e, £'27 ^'s. Gros«i income, £212 Is. 3^d. ; nett, £I7«'» 5s. \\i\. Patron, the Crown. The church was built in 1712. Sittings 100; attendance 30. In IS >4. the parishioners consisted of 64 Churchmen, 2 Protestant dissenters, and 475 Roman Catholics ; and a pay daily school was attended by about 50 chiblrt'n.

    ('LOGHRAN-HII).\RT. See Balltcoolane.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

33. Clogher diocese claims St Patrick as founder

    near Clogher · town · Tyrone · 1247

    The diocese of Clogher was said to have been founded by St Patrick, allegedly earlier than the diocese of Armagh. The deaneries of Drogheda, Dundalk, and Ardee were said to have been dissevered from it in 1247 and attached to the see of Armagh.

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    J)iaccse.'] — The diocese of Clogber affects to have been founded by St. Patrick, rather earlier than that of Armugh ; but the authorities respecting its pretended early origin are even more suspicious than thoije respecting the cit^-'s antiquities. An alleged or obscure early bisihopric of the name of South, and also the deaneries of Drogheda, Dundalk, and Ardee. are said to have been dissevered from it in 1247, and attached to the see of Armagh. The diocese of Clogher very long remained complete, uniform, and separate, before the passing of the Church Temporalities Act; but it is now united to the diocese of Armagh. Its length, from north-west to south-east, is 00 Irish or 70 statute miles; its breadth is 20 Iri^h or 25 statute miles ; and its area is 810.574 acres, 1 rood. 37 perches. Pop., in 1831, 388,008. Dr. Beaufort, assuming the area to be 528,700 Irish acres, states the proportions of 5 various counties within the diocese to be 254,150 acres of Fermanagh. 170,(^ of Monaghan. 08.100 of Tyrone. 25.000 of Donegal, and 1.850 of Louth; and. assuming the parishes of the diocese to be 41 and part of two. he btutes 21 pari'ihes to be in Monaghan. 15 in Ferinan:igh, 4 in Tyrone, 1 in Donegal, and part of 2 in Louth. The gross episcopal revenue of the see, on an average of 3 years ending in 1831, was £10,371 Os. 2d. ; and the nett revenue. £8.608 lis. Od. The dignitaries of the cathedral, with the benefices which form their respective corps, are the dean, benefice of Clogher; the archdeacon, benefice of Cloniibret; the precentor, benefice of Knniskillen ; the chancellor, benefice of fjalloon; and the prebendaiic.<> of KiLkerry, Findonagh, Tyhallan> Deveni^h.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

34. Clogher incorporated by Charles I

    near Clogher · town · Tyrone · 1625–1649

    Clogher was incorporated by letters-patent of Charles I, receiving 700 Irish acres of land as borough property. The bishops of Clogher eventually consumed all the land, erasing every trace of its connection with the borough.

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    Municipal Affiiirs^ ^-c] — Clogher was incorporated by letters-patent of 5 Charles I., and had conferred upon it 700 Irish acres of land as borough property ; but it was partially subjected to the bishops of Clogher in its very constitution, and it speedily, with all its property and rights, became wholly theirs in practical working. The bishops so soon and completely ate up all the 700 acres, that every trace of the land's connection with the borough has lonff ceased to exi>t ; they, for a long period, appointed, in the most absolute manner, the borough's two representatives in the Iri>h parliament; and the bishop, dean, chapter, prebendaries, and clerkly seneschal of the period, tried, at the Legislative Union, to make themselves masters of the £15,000 of compensation for loss of franchise, but had the mortification to see it virtually conceded and yet practically withheld, by being all adjuilged to the E>tablished Church's common fund ot First Fruits. The pitiful nian-of-straw corporation of the borough consisted of a portreeve and 12 burgesses; and the corporation or city limits were declared by the Irish House of Commons, in 18U0, to be identical with those of the manor of Clogher, and to include an area of about 4 square miles. A seneschal's court vras, about 12 years ago, discontinued, on account of numerous complaints as to the mode in which it had been conducted. Fairs are held on Feb. 20, May 6, July 26, and Oct. 20. The public conveyances, in 1838, i were a car to Annagli, and a car and mail-car to ' Enniskillen. A presbytery of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland has its seat in ; Clogher, exercises inspection over 10 congregations, ' and meets on the fir»t Tue^day of Feb., Mav, Aug., and Nov. Area of the town, 34 acres. I'op., iu 1631, 523; iJi 1641, 702. Houses 103. FauuUea 2d

    418

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35. Cloghjordan village and church built 1827

    Cloghjordan · town · Tipperary · 1827

    The village of Cloghjordan stands on the road between Dunkerrin and Borris-o'-Kane, nearly on the boundary of Tipperary and King's County. The parish church was built in 1827 at a cost of £1,753, partly gifted and partly lent by the late Board of First Fruits, with sittings for 500 and attendance of about 500.

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    BALLYKEAN, or Kflleight, a parish partly in the barony of Geashill, but chiefly in that of Upper Philipstown, 3^ miles north by west of Portarlington. King's co., Leinster. The Philipstown section contains the village of Cloneygown : which see — Length of that section, 5^ miles; breadth, 3J; area, 12,201 acres, 2 roods, 37 perches. The Geashill section lies detached 3 miles to the west. Length and breadth, each l^mile; area, 711 acres, 2 roods, 24 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,415; in 1841, 2,445. Houses 411. Pop. of the Geashill section, in 1831, 144; in 1841, 147. Houses 24. Pop. of the rural districts of the Philipstown section, in 1831, 2,113; in 1841, 2,118. Houses 358. The land is variously good, bad, and indifferent; and, to a large extent, consists of bog: see next article. Its declination is to the south-east The chief residences are Cloneygown, Woodfield, Bloomville, Agbanvilla. Retreat, and Finter. There are ruins of two eld castles. — This parish is a vicarage and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Kildare. Vicarial tithe composition, £132; glebe, £'20. Gross income, £152; nett, £137 178. lid. Patron, the diocesan. The rectory of the parish, with £264 of tithe composition, is a sinecure in the possession of an ecclesiastical incumbent. The church was built, in 1827, at the cost of £1,107 13s. lOd., partly lent, but chiefly gifted by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings

    200; attendance 85. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,050; and, isi the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to Killeigh and Ballinegan chapels in Geashill. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 264, and the Roman Ca^ tholics to 2,029 ; 4 Sunday schools were attended, on the average, by 388 children ; and 4 dailv schools, one of which was aided with £5 a-year from subscription, had on their books 107 boys and 71 girls. In 1840, the National Board had a school of 45 boys and 43 girls at Cloneygown, and aided it with £i2 a-year; and, in the same year, they granted £60 12s. 6d., toward the building and fitting up^ of a school at Raheerk

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36. Clohamon village on the River Barrow

    Clohamon · townland · Wexford

    Clohamon is a village in the parish of Kilrush, Co. Wexford, standing on the river Barrow and the Dublin-to-Wexford road, nearly 2 miles below Newtownbarry. A small cotton factory operated there, and the villa of Clohamon Lodge was in the vicinity. In 1841 the population was 309.

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    CLOGLEAGH, an old castle near the village of Kil worth, barony of Condons and Clangibbon, co. Cork, Munster. It occupies a commanding site, near the confluence of the Puncheon and the Araglin; and is within the Earl of Mountcashel's demesne of Moore Park. Patrick Condon, the descendant of the ancient proprietors of the castle and the circumjacent estate, took part in Desmond's rebellion of 1588, and forfeited his property ; and, though afterwards restored to the possession of part of it, was eventually dislodged in favour of the English family of Fleetwood. In 1641, his descendant was reinstated in the castle, through the influence of Arthur Hyde of Castle- Hyde ; and he fortified and garrisoned the place for the king; in 1642, he was compelled to yield to a force under Lord Barry more ; in the course of a few months, he retook the castle; and, in 1643, after a strenuous resistance, he yielded to the troo|>s of Sir Charles Vavasour, — when, in Vavasour's absence, the garrison, men, women, and children, were indiscriminately and savagely massacred. CLOGRENAN. See Cloghgrenan. CLOHAMON, a vilUge in the parish of Kilrush, barony of Scarewalsh, co. Wexford, Leinster. It stands on the river Barrow, and on the road from Dublin to Wexford, nearly 2 miles below Newtownbarry. The public road here crosses the river. A small cotton factory is in operation at the village. The villa of Clohamon Loilge is in the vicinity. Area of the village, 11 acres. Pop., in 1841, 309. Houses 49.

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37. Clomantagh Castle and demesnes

    Clomantagh (Mount Garret) · townland · Kilkenny

    The parish of Clomantagh in Co. Kilkenny is embellished with the seats and demesnes of Ballieff-castle and Woodsgift, properties of Arthur St. George and Sir Rich. St. George respectively. Clomanto-Castle occupies a site at 496 feet above sea level, and a mountain in the north reaches 1,136 feet.

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    CLOMANTO. or Clomantagh, a parish in the north-west corner of the barony of Cranagh, 3^ miles west by north of Freshford, co. Kilkenny, Leinster. Length, south-westward, 4^ miles; breadth, from 1 furlong to 2^ miles ; area, 3,703 acres, 3 roods, 9 perches. Pop., in 1831, including the townland or reputed parish of Kilrush, 1,148; in 1841, 1,058. Houses 182. The surface, though lying near the sources of some aflfluents of the Nore, and nearly midway between that river and the Suir, consists, to a large extent, of low valley ground ; it reaches, on the west, within alK>ut 1} mile of Johnstown and Urlingfonl, and, on the north, within ^ of a mile of Ballyspellin spa; it is embellished with the seats and demesnes of BalliefT-castle and Wooilsgift, the property respectively of Arthur St. George, Esq., and Sir Rich. St. George. Bart. ; and it is tra* versed westward by the road from Freshford to Thurles. Clomanto-Castle occupies a site of 496 feet of altitude above sea-level ; and a mountain in

    the north has an altitude of 1,136 feet This parish

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38. Clonakilty Bay and Inchidoney Island

    near Clonakilty Bay · bay · Cork

    Clonakilty Bay opens between Dunworley Head and Dunicove Point with a width of 4.5 miles, forming a nearly circular basin about 2.5 miles in diameter with Inchidoney Island at its centre. The bay terminates northward in a shallow estuary formed by the Foilagh rivulet.

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    CLONAKILTY, or Cloohvakiltt, a bay in CO. Cork, Munster. It washes the barony of Barryroe on the east, that of East Carbery on the north, and that of Ibane on the north. It opens between Dunworly Head on the east, and Dunicove Point on the west, with a width of 4| miles ; it penetrates 2^ miles north-north-westward, with such rapid contraction of breadth, as to be there only about | of a mile wide ; but it speedily re-expands in such a manner as to form Jiearly a eircuhur basin of about 2^ miles in diameter, with the island of Inchidonv in the centre ; and it terminates, in the north, in a tiny, shallow, and unimportant estuary, formed hy .the rivulet Foilagh. The depth of water on a line at the entrance of the bay, is 12 fathoms ; on a line between Farren and Muckerus, 5 fathoms ; and over ■the bar, at .the narrow part south of Indiidonjr Island, 17 feet in spring -tides, and 14 feet in nen^ The channel on the west side of Inchidony is ahonl water and unnavigable ; and that on the east side is sandy, and has ivot a depth 4>f more than 4. or £ feet at low wnter. An artificial work, constructed at Ring or Ringarundel, on the east side of the bay, about 1 \ mile below tbe town of ClonakiUy, is frequented as a safety harbour by small cralt lor several miles pound the coast, and is4>f some 4ise for the purposes of trade. See next article, aud Che article llisv,.

    CLONAKILTY, or Ci.OGHNAKU.Tr, a market and post town, and formerly a parliaanentary borough, in the parish of Kilgantf, eastern division of the biirony of Eiist Carbery, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the road from Cork to Skibbereen, and at the head ef the estuary of tbe Foilagh rivulet, 6^ miles north-east by east of Rosscarbery, 10 miles south-south-east of Bandoo, aud 25^ miles south-west of Cork; Tbe rivulet Foilagh has a course to the town of only about 3 miles ; it cuts the town into two not very unequal parts, and is crossed by two bridges ; and immediately l)elow, it becomes tidal, and expands, at high water, to a breadth of nearly j of a milcL The country ai'ound the town has been mnA tai>

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39. Clonakilty Charter Saved in 1641

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1641

    At the outbreak of the Irish rebellion in 1641, Walter Bird saved the charter and other records of the borough of Clonakilty by escaping with them to Bandon at the hazard of his life. The old name of Clonakilty was Clowncallow.

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    The old name of Clonakilty was Clowncallow. *' At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, aim. 1641," says Dr. Smith, ** the charter and other records of this borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird, who, at the hazard of his life, ei<caped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place, two full companies of Lord ForU^s* regiment were blain by the Irish in IG4'2; and the third company being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they also maintained till the rest of the regiment, then at Rathberry, came to their relief; and then they all fell upon the Iri»h, and killed above GOO of them." —The country around Clonakilty is a congeries of hills, intersected by little vales or hollows, and variegated with protruoiions of bare rock, — the vales watered by many nameless brooks, and the hills made intricate and mottled by the rocky protrusions. Numerous high bold cliffs rise on the sea-coast, and o<rca»ionally produce close scenes of considerable

    romance and beauty Area of the town, 19G acre«>.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

40. Clonakilty's Rocky Hill-and-Vale Landscape

    Clonakilty · town · Cork

    The country around Clonakilty consists of a congeries of hills intersected by little vales with protrusions of bare rock, watered by nameless brooks. Numerous high bold cliffs rise on the sea-coast, occasionally producing scenes of considerable romance and beauty.

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    The old name of Clonakilty was Clowncallow. *' At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, aim. 1641," says Dr. Smith, ** the charter and other records of this borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird, who, at the hazard of his life, ei<caped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place, two full companies of Lord ForU^s* regiment were blain by the Irish in IG4'2; and the third company being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they also maintained till the rest of the regiment, then at Rathberry, came to their relief; and then they all fell upon the Iri»h, and killed above GOO of them." —The country around Clonakilty is a congeries of hills, intersected by little vales or hollows, and variegated with protruoiions of bare rock, — the vales watered by many nameless brooks, and the hills made intricate and mottled by the rocky protrusions. Numerous high bold cliffs rise on the sea-coast, and o<rca»ionally produce close scenes of considerable

    romance and beauty Area of the town, 19G acre«>.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

41. Clonakilty town founded by Boyle family, burned 1641

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1641–1700

    Clonakilty was founded by the Boyle family and was highly prosperous until the civil wars of 1641, when it was almost entirely burned to the ground. It recovered very slowly, remained little more than a village for over a century, then rapidly improved from about 1700.

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    provc<1, Tlio town itself was not long ago in a flourishing condition, but begins to OHSumc an appearance of desertion, decay, and coming misery. It WHS founded by the family of Boyle; it wa« highly prosperous up to the civil wars of 1G41 ; it was tlien almo«*t entirely burned to the ground; it ro-e very slowly from the a>he<, and continued for upwards of a century, to possess little if any more than village importance ; it began, about 17<H), to experience rapid improvement, and to receive the accession of several spacious and handsome private residences ; and, since IH21, or a year or two later, it has not only ceased io progress, but been exposed to the corrosions of comparative netrlect and adversity. Its streets north of the brook which bisects it, are two of respectively .*J<H) and 770 yards in length, running northward from the two bridgos, and somewhat parallel to each other, and two of respectively 800 and 3,50 yiiTiU in length, crossing the former two at right aiigle'i, and running somewhat parallel with the riv<'r ; and its chief streets, south of the bisecting brook, are two, which commence at the bridges, and unite '270 yards to the south, and one of about 360 yards in lenjjth, which crosses them at right angles ; but all the streets, in both divisions of the town, are to some extent only one-sided or but partially edifired, and fail to present the attractions of uniformity, regularity, or prevailing burghal neatness. The chief public buildings are a court-house, a districtbridewell, a military barrack, a neat but incommodious parish .church, and a npacious and elegant Ro* man (^itholi<r chapel.

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42. Clonallon's RC Chapels at Mayo and Burn

    Mayo · townland · Down

    Two Roman Catholic chapels in the parish of Clonallon, located at Mayo and Burn, had attendances of 1,400 and 800 respectively, and were mutually united in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement.

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    a rectory and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Dromore ; and, jointly with the sinecure rectory of Drumgnth, it constitutes the corpsof the chancellorship of Dromore cathedral. Tithe composition, Jt'4o0 ; glebe, 4'384. Gross income, £8iU, exclusive of ib'22:1 4s. I Id. from Drumgath rectorv ; nett, £007 9s. 7d., exclusive of £199 19s. -id. from Drumgath. Patron, the diocesan. Two stipendiary curates have salaries of respectively £90 and £75. The ecclesiastical parish includes the perpetual parochial curacy of Warrenpoint. The parochial church is so old a building that no record exists of the date or cost of its erection. Sittings 200; attendance 100. Two Roman Catholic chapels, at Mayo and Burn, have an attendance, the former of 1,400, and the latter of 800; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. In 1834, the parishioners, exclusive of those within the perpetual curacy of Warrenpoint, and of those in some other parts of the quoad civilia parish, consisted of 365 Churchmen, 440 Presbyterians, and 6,108 Roman Catholics; and 3 daily schools within the same limits — one of which was for infants, one was salaried with £S from the National Board, and one aided with £2 a-year from the rector — had on their books 172 boys and 89 girls. In 1839, the National Board granted £102 toward the erection of a school at Carrick; and, at the close of that year, they had schools at both Mayo and Clonti fleece.

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43. Clonard abbey destroyed by fire, Danes, and warring factions

    Clonard · town · Meath · 746–1175

    The abbey at Clonard, founded by St. Finian, suffered repeated destruction: by fire in 746, by Danes in 838 and 888, by Brefney raiders in 1136 who carried away the sword of St. Finian, and by MacMurrough and Strongbow in 1170. Walter De Lacy founded an Augustinian abbey there in 1175 after the town was rebuilt and again destroyed.

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    repository of w*Hilom/ — and Mactran, ' tlie fountain of religion and virtue anion^ the Irish.' — The allej^ed uhliey, fouruied by St. Finian, was of frail materiul!*, and repeatedly suifered devastation and destruction. In 74(j it was destroyed by fire ; in 838 it was devastated, and its iinnates inas^iacred, by the Dane<< : in 888 it wa* a^ain destroyed by the Danes ; in 949 it was exempted from ce«s and other charges by King Congala^h; in 1136, the people of Brefney, now Cavan and Lei trim, ravaged and sacked it, stripped naked O'Daly, the chief poet of Ireland, and carried away the sword of St. Finian ; in 1141 it became the retreat, and witnessed the death, of Dorunald O'Doin Ftiacha, lord of Teaffia ; in 1 143. all its library, and a great part of itself, were consumed by accidental tire ; in 1 170, it and the town were spoiled and burned by MacMureha, Earl Strongbow, and the English ; in 1 175, after having been rebuilt, they were again destroyed ; and immediately after, or in the same year, an abbey for canons regular of the order of St. Augustine, apparently the only real abbey which ever existed at the place, was founded by Walter De Lacy. The possessions of the newest^iblishment were ample : most of them were given by Queen Elizabeth and Edward VI. to the families of Cusack and Slane; and the monastic buildings, together with lands in the county, were, in 1010, granted by Sir Thomas Lot t us, fourth son of ArchbishopXoftus, to be held

    by the twentieth part of akniuht's fee The school

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44. Clonard Church and the head of St. Finian

    Clonard · town · Meath

    The church in Clonard stands near an ancient burial-mound and features a steeple containing an old corbel-stone sculpted with a head called that of St. Finian.

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    CLONARl), a post-villaj^, and anciently the seat of a bishopric, in the parish of Clonard, co. Meath, Leinstcr. It stands on the river Uoyne, and on the road from Diihlin to Galway, 3^ mile:* cast by south of Kinnc;;ad, 8| north by wesit of Kilcock, and 26^ west hy north ot Duhlin. A substantial and recent/.y con-»tructc<l bridjre here spans the Boyne. A dispi'nsary in the village is within the Edenderry Poorlaw union, and serves for a district of 38,508 acre«, with a population, in 18.'H, of 10,742; and, in 1839- -UK it expended £08 Ih. 8d., and administered to mj> p'ltiiMjts. Not a vestige remains of the former UML'niticL'nce of Clonard ; and the place is a poor, p-.ti^iil, tiny hamlet, indehted for very nearly all its cxi^tin^' importance to its post-oflice. The church, piirtially noticed in the precediufj^ article, stands north-west of the site of the ancient town, and east of a tumulus or ancient elevated burial-mound of the kind frequent in Ireland. ThouKh built only 32 years ni^o, it is a. wretched-looking edifice, and in wretched repair ; it measures about 50 feet by 24. and is >urnmunted hy a tasteless steeple about 50 feet high ; on one side of the steeple is stuck an old corbelstone, with the antique sculpture of a head which is called the head of St. Finian ; on the outside of the ea^t end of the church is a stone slab, covering the doorway to the tomb of the family of Loftus, situated beneath the communion-table ; and in the interior of the building is a handsome marble cenotaph ti> thi> memory of Edwanl Bailow, Esq., of Mulling.ir. — In the steeple, and recently in a neglected state, is ii curious old baptismal font, about 2| feet hiirh and 21 broad. It consi;»ts of limestone or marble ; aiul, ]n the inside, has the form of a convex denii^phere. " The outside is an octagon, composed of sijimre panels beneath which are 8 other panels tii.it liiinini^h in nize toward the base. The upper panels un; ornamented its follows: — One exhibits in relief a re[)resentation of the Virgin and Child, upon (he a-s. flying into Egypt. The next is divided per (Kiie into two compartments, the first of which exliibit^ Joseph leading the ass, who^c halter is brought over from the former panel ; the second compartment of this panel contains a grotesque figure, holding a bodk, arul having its lower extremity terminating in a true lover's knot. A third panel has St. John b.ifiti/ing our Saviour, who is standing in a river, while tlie Hapti-*t pours water on hi-i head out of a ve-^el with his right hand ; with the left he holds the arm of Christ, who has his arras placed across his brea>t in an attitude of devotion. A fourth panel i^ (livi(I(>d per pale, having in each compartment a gr(»te-(|ue hiunan figure with wings, and holding a «^lii( 1(1 with both hands. The fifth panel is like that l.i>t (le^eribed : and the sixth ditfers from them merely in tlie >e(>(u>(l titrure's holding an open book instead ot a ^liiebl. The seventh panel is also divided per [):ile ; on the first compartment is the iigure of a >aiiit with winc^, and holding in his right hand a l.Mi-e belt, which encircles his waist This is prob.iltly tor St. Augu>tine, va the hermits of the Au- VM-tini.in order wore a leathern belt. The corre- «l>.i(i(iiiu' conipartinont contains St. Peter with the kev. i'iic eighth panel is divided into two like

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45. Clonaslee village with Brittas mansion and Castle-Cuff ruins

    Clonaslee · townland · Laois

    The village of Clonaslee stands on the Dublin-to-Birr road in Queen's County, on the rivulet Bamdois at the margin of the county. Near the village are the mansion of Brittas, seat of General Dunne, and the ruins of Castle-Cuff.

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    CLON AS LEE, a quoad sacra parish, containing a village of the same name, on the north-west border of the barony of Tinnehinch, and of Queen's co., Leinster. Length, 5 miles; breadth, 3; area, 9,422| acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,066. The surface comprises a considerable tract of bog and mountain; and about one-half of the land is of first-rate quality, while the other half is of second and third rate qualities. The country north of the village is flat, bleak, boggv, and uninteresting ; but that on the south is highly and agreeably varied by the slopes of the Slievebloom mountains. Near the village are the mansion of Britta», and the ruins of Castlc-CufiT, the former the seat of General Dunne. The interior is traversed westward by the road from Dublin to Birr. The village stands on this road, on the rivulet Bamdois, and on the margin of the county, 7 miles from Mountmellick, 13.V from Birr, and 48) from Dublin. It occupies a central po!>ition in reference to Mountmellick, Birr, Tullamore, and Mountrath; and, ia consequence, has been recommended as a convenient military station. It has a good inn. A fiur ia held on May 3. At the clo<ie of 1841, a dispensary to be established here had been presented for, but was not then in operation. The village is within the quoad civilia parish of Rilmanman. Area, 2^ acres. Pop., in 1831, 514; in 1841, 561. Houses 96.— This parish is a perpetual curacy, and a sepanfti benefice, in the dio. of Kildare. It comprises ths

    f\uoad civilia parish of Kilmanman, and two towaands of the parish of Ileary. Tithe oompositin

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46. Clonbern parish: ruined castles and lakes

    Clonbern · townland · Galway

    Clonbern parish in Co. Galway contains two ruined castles and the mansion of Clonbern in its main body, and two further ruined castles and Park-Lodge mansion in its detached district. Lacustrine features include much of Lough Mackeeran and about half of Lough Doo.

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    CLONBERN, a parish on the western border of the half-barony of Ballymoc, 4^ miles soath-east of Dunmore, co. Galway, Connaught. It consists of a main body, and a detached district, the latter situated I of a mile to the north-north-east. Length of the main body, south-eastward, 4} miles ; extreme breadth, 2J miles ; area, 6,758 acres, 42 perches. Length of the detached district southward, 3^ miles ; extreme breadth, 1 } mile ; area, 3,703 acres, 2 roo<is, 8 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,374; in 1841, 2,333. Houses 411. A large proportion of the surface is bog ; but the rest of the land is generally arable ; and, though light, is for tlie most part of good quality. An indigenous stream in the main body descends from an elevation of '2^ to one of 209 feet ; and the two chief rills of the detached district have a medium elevation of respectively 258 and 228 feet. The highest is in the west boundary of the main body, and has an altitude above sea-level of 339 feet. A lacustrine water area of 130 acres, 3 roods, 39 perches, comprises the greater part of Lough Mackceran, and about the half of Lough Doo. The main body contains two ruined castles and the mansion of Cioiibern ; and the detached district contains also two ruined castles and the mansion of Park- Lodge. The chief village is Brackli.vtown : which see. The road from Ballinamore to Dunmore bisects the interior This parish is a vicarage,

    and part of the beneiice of Kilkerrin [which see], in the dio. of Tuain. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £40; and the rectorial tithes, jointly with those of Boyannah, are -compounded for £240, and are appropriated to the dean and provost of Tuam cathedrad. The Roman Catholic chapel at Mahanagh has an attendance of from 700 to 800; that at Lerkin has an attendance of about 500; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, both are united to the chapel of Kilkerrin. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 15, and the Roman Catholics to 2,513 ; and 2 hedge-schools at Mahanagh and Lerkin hail on their l>ooks 121 boys and 41 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

47. Clonbrough Castle and St. Anne's Church ruins, Tipperary

    Clonmore · townland · Tipperary

    The parish of Clonmore (or Killavenooh) in County Tipperary lies between the left bank of the Suir and the eastern county boundary, traversed through the Pass of Gurtanee. Its chief antiquities are the ruins of Clonbrough-castle and St. Anne's church.

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    area,8,159acre9,Srooda,25perc]iei. Pop.,iBl8SI, 3,000; in 1841, 3,557. Houie« 569. The nrfm lies between the left bank of the iMseent Snir, nd the eastern boundary of the county; it conmtediieflj of good land, profusely xntenpersed with hog ; ud it it traverKd through the Pasa of Gurtanee, end wcrtsouth-westward, by the road from Rathdownej to Templemore. The seats are SorreUhilUHotiae, Foiborough-Lodge, DromauUHouae, ead Clonboflgh. The chief antiquities are the rains of Clonbuofbcastle and St. Anne's church. — This pariah is a ra^ tory, and part of the benefice of TsxruBMomB [wUiA see J, in tbe dio. of Cashel. Tithe oompositioii, £969 4a. 7^d. ; glebe, £40. The Roman Catholie chuel has an attendance of about 1,500; and, in the Boman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Templemore and Killea. In 1884^ the Protestants amounted to 11, and the Roman Catholics to 3,146; and 2 pa^ daily schools had on their books 79 boys and SO girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

48. Clonbulloge village: sole site of 1798 rebellion outbreak in King's County

    Clonbulloge · town · Offaly · 1798

    Clonbulloge village was the only part of King's County where the 1798 rebellion broke out. It suffered the demolition by fire of two or three good dwelling-houses at the hands of insurgents, and was subsequently rebuilt on a poor plan.

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    ia31, 3,914 ; in 1841, 3.808. Houses C35. It« oof. line is very irregular, occasionally contnirted, and generally much indented and encroncli<Nl upon by bog. The surface is flat, tame, and, to a coiiRiderable extent, morassy. The cultivated land averaffM in value from 20s. to 30s. per plantation anre. The highest ground is in the west, and has an altitude of only 62 feet above the Feagile river at the Wllage, or of 275 feet above sea-level. The deroesne4 are Clonbrin, Hollywood, Kilcloncorky, Chevy.Chaoe, Cushina, Clonsast, Ballydermot, and Cloncaiit. The Feagile river effects the drainage 8outh\Tani; two lines of the Grand Canal approach sonsewbat near the northern and southern boundaries; and the road from Ratbangan to Philipstown passes westnorth-westward through the interior. The village of Clonbulloge stands on that road, 5j- miles south by west of Edenderry. This was the only part of the county in which the rebellion of 1798 broke out; and it suffered from the insurgents the demolition by fire of two or three good dwelling-houses. The reedification of the village was commenced on a mean plan ; and the new houses erected were firoall and poor. A fair is held on July 10. Area of the village 27 acres. Pop., in 1841, 313. Houses 62— This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Kildare. Tithe composition, £628 12s. S^d. The rectory of Glonsast and the vicarage of Ballinaull [see that article], constitute the benefice of Clonbulloge. Length, 9^ miles ; breadth, 6. Pop., in 1831, 4,861. Grots income, £694 3s. O^d. ; nett, £603 8s. 4}d. Patron, alternately the Duke of Tjeinster and toe diocesan. The church, as appears by a monumental slab, was built upwards of 135 years ago. Sittings 275 ; attendance 100. Two Roman Catholic chapels have jointly an attendance of 1,800, and are served by 5 officiates, 3 of whom officiate also at the chapels of Edenderry, Crohane, and Rhode. In 1834, the inhabitants of the parish consisted of 369 Churchmen, 11 Protestant dissenters, and 3,622 Roman Catholics ; and those of the union consisted of 442 Churchmen, 1 1 Protestant dissenters, and 4,584 Ronuin CathoUes. In the same year, 7 daily schools in the pariah~ooe of which was salaried with £4 from the rector and £8 from the Association for Discountenancing Viee — had on their books 182 boys and 146 girls; and there was I daily school in Ballinakill. In ISIOl two National schools at Clonbulloge were attemled by respectively 68 boys and 1 15 girls, and were each salaried with £12.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

49. Cloncurry Carmelite Friary Founded and Burned

    Cloncurry · townland · Kildare · 1347–1405

    A Carmelite friary was founded at Cloncurry by John Roche, and in 1405 both it and the village were burned by the Irish septs. The monastic building was re-edified and used until the general suppression. Some low ruins of its church still exist and, together with the old moat, draw the attention of travellers along the Dublin and Galway road.

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    CLONCURRY, a parish in the barony of Ikeatby and Oughterany, 4j miles west by north of KiU cock, and on the north border of co. Kildare, LeiiK ster. Length, westward, 4 miles ; breadth, from 3 furlongs to 4 miles ; area, 8,390 acres, 9^ perches. Pop., in ia31, 1,G01; in 1841, 1,666. Houses 297. Though some good land exists. Hie general surface is freely interspersed with bog, bas a cold and tame appearance, and prevailingly consists of poor or at least inferior soil. The ditch y, stagnant Biackwater traces the boundary with cck Meath; and the Grand Canal, and great Connaught road from Dublin, traverse the north border. The highest ground is in the centre, and has an altitude aboM sea-level of 481 feet. The seats are Ballinakill, Newtown, and C«ppagh. The principal hamlet is Newtown. The small hamlet of Cloncurry consists of only a few thatched cabins; yet, in former times, was a place of comparative importance. In its vicinity is a moat-, or aboriginal earthwork, now mantled with verdure. Near this moat fonnerlj stood a castle which Col. Monk defended in 1643 Ibr the Parliament, but which he was compelled to abandon by the scarcity of provisions. In lS47t * Carmelite friary was founded at Cloncurry by Jdm Roche ; and, in 1405, both it and the village were burned by the Irish septs. Tbe monastic building was re-ediiied, and was used till the general suppression ; and some low ruins of its church still exists and, jointly with the old moat, draw the attention of a curious traveller along the Dublin and Galwsy high road. Cornelius MacGelan^ bishop of Kildare, who had a great reputation for learning, and died ia 1223, was for some time rector of Cloncurry, was buried in its church, and was probably a native of the parish. The manor of Cloncurry was an ancient demesne of the Earls of Ormonde ; it came to be held in fee under them by the Aylmer fiunily of Lyons and Viscount Gormanstown ; and it was fold by Michael Aylmer of Lyons to Sir Nicholw LftiriM*

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

50. Cloncurry Moat and Castle Defended by Col. Monk

    Cloncurry · townland · Kildare · 1643

    Near the small hamlet of Cloncurry in Co. Kildare stands a moat, or aboriginal earthwork, now mantled with verdure. A castle formerly stood near this moat which Colonel Monk defended in 1643 for the Parliament but was compelled to abandon due to scarcity of provisions.

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    CLONCURRY, a parish in the barony of Ikeatby and Oughterany, 4j miles west by north of KiU cock, and on the north border of co. Kildare, LeiiK ster. Length, westward, 4 miles ; breadth, from 3 furlongs to 4 miles ; area, 8,390 acres, 9^ perches. Pop., in ia31, 1,G01; in 1841, 1,666. Houses 297. Though some good land exists. Hie general surface is freely interspersed with bog, bas a cold and tame appearance, and prevailingly consists of poor or at least inferior soil. The ditch y, stagnant Biackwater traces the boundary with cck Meath; and the Grand Canal, and great Connaught road from Dublin, traverse the north border. The highest ground is in the centre, and has an altitude aboM sea-level of 481 feet. The seats are Ballinakill, Newtown, and C«ppagh. The principal hamlet is Newtown. The small hamlet of Cloncurry consists of only a few thatched cabins; yet, in former times, was a place of comparative importance. In its vicinity is a moat-, or aboriginal earthwork, now mantled with verdure. Near this moat fonnerlj stood a castle which Col. Monk defended in 1643 Ibr the Parliament, but which he was compelled to abandon by the scarcity of provisions. In lS47t * Carmelite friary was founded at Cloncurry by Jdm Roche ; and, in 1405, both it and the village were burned by the Irish septs. Tbe monastic building was re-ediiied, and was used till the general suppression ; and some low ruins of its church still exists and, jointly with the old moat, draw the attention of a curious traveller along the Dublin and Galwsy high road. Cornelius MacGelan^ bishop of Kildare, who had a great reputation for learning, and died ia 1223, was for some time rector of Cloncurry, was buried in its church, and was probably a native of the parish. The manor of Cloncurry was an ancient demesne of the Earls of Ormonde ; it came to be held in fee under them by the Aylmer fiunily of Lyons and Viscount Gormanstown ; and it was fold by Michael Aylmer of Lyons to Sir Nicholw LftiriM*

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

51. Clondagad church built with Board of First Fruits grant

    Clondagad · parish · Clare · 1810

    The church at Clondagad was built in 1810 using a gift from the late Board of First Fruits. It seated 150 with attendance of only 20 to 30, while the Roman Catholic chapel drew 700.

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    of £30, and the u<sc of the glebe and glebe-house. The church was built-, in 1810, by means of a gift of £.>53 16s. lid. from the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 150; attendance, from 20 to 30. The Re man Oitholic chapel has an attendance of 700; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, if united to the chapel of Kilchrist. In 18:U, the Protestants amounted to 16, and the Roman Catholics to 4,976; and 5 pay daily schools — one of which was in Corney Island— had on their books 271 boyt and 154 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

52. Clondalkin abbey of St. Cronan Mochua

    near Clondalkin · town · Dublin · 832–1076

    An abbey alleged to have been built at Clondalkin at an early period was first under the abbotcy of St. Cronan Mochua, whose festival is August 6. In 859 it was under Cathcild, abbot and bishop, and it was spoiled and burned severally in 832, 1071, and 1076.

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    The villaj^e of Clondalkix stands 4 miles southwe«t of Dublin, on the road thence to Naas. Its devious street is lined with the neatest class of the ordinary cabins of the Irish peasantry ; one of its entrances is overhung by the frowning remains of a fortified house; every point of its exterior view exhibits in commanding prominence, a pillar-tower, the nearest specimen to Dublin of the unique and curious family of ancient buildings to which it belongs ; and its immediate environs are adorned with wood, and beautified with garden, villa, and cultivated field. In the village are the parish-church, the ruins of a former church, a monastery, a schoolhouse for boys and for girls, a dispensary, a widows' almshou.<^e, and a charitable repository. The dispensary is within the South Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 8,015 acres, with a population of 3,465; and, in 1839, it expended £1 15 lOs., and administered to 1,078 patients. The parish-church is both a small and a mean building; and is remarkable only for standing lengthwise from north to south, and furnishing a practical protest against the practice, so long prevalent in prelatic communities, of building from east to west. The ruins of the old church are almost a shapeless mass; but thev indicate the edifice to have possessed comparative splendour, and prove it to have been of ample dimensions, — measuring 114 feet by 54. The pillar tower stands immediately adjacent, appears to lean slightly from the perpendicular, and is one of the plainest erections of its class in Ireland. Its height is 84 feet; its shaft is 15 feet in diameter; its basement is a solid piece of stone-work, which diminutively resembles the artificial mount of an ancient castle ; its summit is a conical capping of stone; its doorway is 12 feet from the ground ; and its apertures are 4 square ones near the summit, and two smaller ones at different stages of the ascent. A flight of steps was several years ago constructed to the doorway ; and ladders also have been placed, so as to enable the curious to reach the uppermost story. The view of the surrounding country from the apertures is extremely fine. In the cemetery is a very old stonecross. An abbey is alleged to have been built here at an early perfo<l; to have been first under the abbotcy of St. Cronan Mochua, whose festival is on Aug. 6; to have, in 859, been under the care of Cathcild, abbot and bishop; and to have been spoiled and burned severally in 832, 1071, and 1076. A fort or " palace " was erected at Clondalkin by Aulabh or Awlitfe, the Danish king of Dublin ; and n-as destroyed by the Irish, — some say in 832, — others say about 806. One hundred of the principal Danes were slain at its destruction ; and the Danish chief, in revenge, laid an ambu«cade against a body of 2,000 Irishmen, surprised them, and either put the greater number of them to the sword, or made them prisoners. So long as the Danes retained power over the maritime parts of the country, they are thought to have held Clondalkin as a fiivourite place of residence. Area of the village, 44 acres. Pop., in 1831, 756; in 1841, 505. Houses 96.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

53. Clondalkin church built by subscription in 1790

    near Clondalkin · town · Dublin · 1790

    The parish church of Clondalkin was built in 1790 at a cost of approximately £384 16s. 11½d., raised through private subscription and parochial assessment. It seated 120 people with attendance ranging from 80 to 100.

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    in the dio. of Dublin. Vicarial tithe composition, £42 16s. 34d. ; glebe, £54. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £470 Ids. 8d., and are appropriated to the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's, Dublin. The vicarage of Clondalkin, the rectory of Kilnactal- WAT, part of the rectory of Donaghcumper, and the chapelries of Donaghmore, Drimn aoh, Kilxaiiud- DRicK, and Kilbride [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Clondalkin. Length, 6 miles ; i breadth, U. Pop., in 1831, 3,433. Gross income^ ' £541 lis. IHd. ; nett, £499 4s. lO^d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1790, at the cost of about £384 16s. Ilfd., raised by private sulMcription and parochial aasessment. Sittings 1 20 ; attendance, from 80 to 100. The Roman Catholic parochial chapel has an attendance of 750 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels in the benefices of Lucanand Chapel- Izod. A Roman Cathdic monastic chapel has an attendance of \M. In 1834. the inhabitants of the parish consisted ef 312 Churchmen, 12 Presliyteriaiis, 8 other Protestant dissenters, and 2,644 Roman Catholics ; the inhabitants of the union consisted of 347 Protestants, and 3.066 Roman Catholics ; and 3 daily schools in the union, all of which were in Clondalkin parish— one aided with a collection in the charch, two with collections in the Roman Catholic chapel, and one of these two salaried with £16 from the NatioiMl BoanI — had an average at* tendance of about 152 chiUlFen. In 1841, one Ma-

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

54. Clondalkin old church ruins

    near Clondalkin · town · Dublin

    The ruins of a former church at Clondalkin are almost a shapeless mass but indicate an edifice of comparative splendour and ample dimensions, measuring 114 feet by 54 feet. A very old stone-cross stands in the cemetery.

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    The villaj^e of Clondalkix stands 4 miles southwe«t of Dublin, on the road thence to Naas. Its devious street is lined with the neatest class of the ordinary cabins of the Irish peasantry ; one of its entrances is overhung by the frowning remains of a fortified house; every point of its exterior view exhibits in commanding prominence, a pillar-tower, the nearest specimen to Dublin of the unique and curious family of ancient buildings to which it belongs ; and its immediate environs are adorned with wood, and beautified with garden, villa, and cultivated field. In the village are the parish-church, the ruins of a former church, a monastery, a schoolhouse for boys and for girls, a dispensary, a widows' almshou.<^e, and a charitable repository. The dispensary is within the South Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 8,015 acres, with a population of 3,465; and, in 1839, it expended £1 15 lOs., and administered to 1,078 patients. The parish-church is both a small and a mean building; and is remarkable only for standing lengthwise from north to south, and furnishing a practical protest against the practice, so long prevalent in prelatic communities, of building from east to west. The ruins of the old church are almost a shapeless mass; but thev indicate the edifice to have possessed comparative splendour, and prove it to have been of ample dimensions, — measuring 114 feet by 54. The pillar tower stands immediately adjacent, appears to lean slightly from the perpendicular, and is one of the plainest erections of its class in Ireland. Its height is 84 feet; its shaft is 15 feet in diameter; its basement is a solid piece of stone-work, which diminutively resembles the artificial mount of an ancient castle ; its summit is a conical capping of stone; its doorway is 12 feet from the ground ; and its apertures are 4 square ones near the summit, and two smaller ones at different stages of the ascent. A flight of steps was several years ago constructed to the doorway ; and ladders also have been placed, so as to enable the curious to reach the uppermost story. The view of the surrounding country from the apertures is extremely fine. In the cemetery is a very old stonecross. An abbey is alleged to have been built here at an early perfo<l; to have been first under the abbotcy of St. Cronan Mochua, whose festival is on Aug. 6; to have, in 859, been under the care of Cathcild, abbot and bishop; and to have been spoiled and burned severally in 832, 1071, and 1076. A fort or " palace " was erected at Clondalkin by Aulabh or Awlitfe, the Danish king of Dublin ; and n-as destroyed by the Irish, — some say in 832, — others say about 806. One hundred of the principal Danes were slain at its destruction ; and the Danish chief, in revenge, laid an ambu«cade against a body of 2,000 Irishmen, surprised them, and either put the greater number of them to the sword, or made them prisoners. So long as the Danes retained power over the maritime parts of the country, they are thought to have held Clondalkin as a fiivourite place of residence. Area of the village, 44 acres. Pop., in 1831, 756; in 1841, 505. Houses 96.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

55. Clondalkin round tower

    near Clondalkin · town · Dublin

    A plain pillar-tower stands adjacent to Clondalkin village, 84 feet high and 15 feet in diameter, leaning slightly from the perpendicular. It is the nearest specimen of this class of ancient building to Dublin, with a doorway 12 feet from the ground and a conical stone capping.

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    The villaj^e of Clondalkix stands 4 miles southwe«t of Dublin, on the road thence to Naas. Its devious street is lined with the neatest class of the ordinary cabins of the Irish peasantry ; one of its entrances is overhung by the frowning remains of a fortified house; every point of its exterior view exhibits in commanding prominence, a pillar-tower, the nearest specimen to Dublin of the unique and curious family of ancient buildings to which it belongs ; and its immediate environs are adorned with wood, and beautified with garden, villa, and cultivated field. In the village are the parish-church, the ruins of a former church, a monastery, a schoolhouse for boys and for girls, a dispensary, a widows' almshou.<^e, and a charitable repository. The dispensary is within the South Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 8,015 acres, with a population of 3,465; and, in 1839, it expended £1 15 lOs., and administered to 1,078 patients. The parish-church is both a small and a mean building; and is remarkable only for standing lengthwise from north to south, and furnishing a practical protest against the practice, so long prevalent in prelatic communities, of building from east to west. The ruins of the old church are almost a shapeless mass; but thev indicate the edifice to have possessed comparative splendour, and prove it to have been of ample dimensions, — measuring 114 feet by 54. The pillar tower stands immediately adjacent, appears to lean slightly from the perpendicular, and is one of the plainest erections of its class in Ireland. Its height is 84 feet; its shaft is 15 feet in diameter; its basement is a solid piece of stone-work, which diminutively resembles the artificial mount of an ancient castle ; its summit is a conical capping of stone; its doorway is 12 feet from the ground ; and its apertures are 4 square ones near the summit, and two smaller ones at different stages of the ascent. A flight of steps was several years ago constructed to the doorway ; and ladders also have been placed, so as to enable the curious to reach the uppermost story. The view of the surrounding country from the apertures is extremely fine. In the cemetery is a very old stonecross. An abbey is alleged to have been built here at an early perfo<l; to have been first under the abbotcy of St. Cronan Mochua, whose festival is on Aug. 6; to have, in 859, been under the care of Cathcild, abbot and bishop; and to have been spoiled and burned severally in 832, 1071, and 1076. A fort or " palace " was erected at Clondalkin by Aulabh or Awlitfe, the Danish king of Dublin ; and n-as destroyed by the Irish, — some say in 832, — others say about 806. One hundred of the principal Danes were slain at its destruction ; and the Danish chief, in revenge, laid an ambu«cade against a body of 2,000 Irishmen, surprised them, and either put the greater number of them to the sword, or made them prisoners. So long as the Danes retained power over the maritime parts of the country, they are thought to have held Clondalkin as a fiivourite place of residence. Area of the village, 44 acres. Pop., in 1831, 756; in 1841, 505. Houses 96.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

56. Clonderalaw peninsula and the Race of Tarbert

    Clonderalaw · townland · Clare

    The Shannon coast of County Clare sends out the large peninsula of Clonderalaw, nearly opposite Tarbert, which produces the pent-up rush of tides known as the Race of Tarbert. This tidal phenomenon results from the constriction of the Shannon estuary between the peninsula and the Kerry shore.

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    The coast on the Shannon, from Loop Head to the entrance of the estuary of the Fergus or over a distance of about 32 miles in a straight line, varies in i character from bold and precipitous to low and I meadowy, — possesses numerous creeks and the three bay-i of Carrigaholt, Kilrush, and Clonderalaw, — ^is subtended by llo:^ and Scattery Islands, and several iiicon-iderahle islets, — sufTers, up to Kilrush, the careering and tumultuous sweep of the "rollers" of the Atlantic, — sends out, nearly opposite Tarbert, the large peninsula of Clonderalaw, to produce the pent-up rush of the tides called ** the Race of Tar- | bert," — and, though possessing some harbours, and , many con-iiderable fishing communities, is very slen- | derly subordinated to enterprises of navigation and i traftic. The estuary of the Fergus opens from i the Shannon with a width of 5 miles ; penetrates i the coujity northward to the extent of 7^ miles; is | spiinkh'd over with numerous islets and islands, 9 , or 10 of which are of noticeable magnitude; and lia> almo-t everywhere silty shores, and a low and meadowy sea-board. But a fair notice of this estuary, and of the Shannon above it, as well as a fuller view of the Shannon below, properly belongs to separate articles : see Fergus and Shannon.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

57. Clonea bay beach with submerged turf-bog

    Clonea · townland · Waterford

    A shallow bay at Clonea has a smooth beach of fine hard sand lying upon a submerged turf-bog. The turf occasionally rises above the sand, is of unusually close texture, and when dried burns with a crackling noise like coal. Copper and lead ore are also found along the coast.

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    CLONEA, a parish on the coast of the barony of Decies-without-Drum, 4^ miles east by north of Dungarvan, co. Waterford, Munster. Length, 3| miles ; breadth, 2; area, 2,108 acres. Pop., in 1831, 773; in 1841, 813. Houses 106. A shallow bay of the same name as the parish sweeps curvingly round the coast, and has a smooth and pleasant beach of fine hard firm sand, lying upon a submeiiged turf« lM>g. The turf of the substratum occasionally rises a}>ovc the sand; it is of unusually close texture, and thoroughly decomposed and indurated; and, when dried, it becomes black and verv hard, and bums with a crackling noise like coal, but emits a disagreeable tmell. Copper and lead ore are found along the coast ; great quantities of sand and- sea-

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

58. Clonea-Castle and ruins of old castle and church

    Clonea · townland · Waterford

    Clonea-Castle, the seat of Mr. Macguire, is noted as one of the only remarkable artificial objects in the parish of Clonea, along with the ruins of an old castle and the old church. These structures represent the principal antiquities of the coastal parish.

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    weed are removed from the strand for manure ; and j limestone occurs in the interior. The soil of the | parish is nearly all light ; and the land is distributed into meadow, pasture, and tillage-ground, in the proportions of 1, 23, and 20. The only remarkable artificial objects are Clonea- Castle, the seat of Mr. Macguire, and the ruins of an old castle and of the old church. — This pari«h is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Stuadbally [which see], in the \ <lio. of Lismore. Vicarial tithe composition, £66 ; 9s. 4d. ; glebe, £3 10s. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £132 d:«. Sd., and are impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire. The Roman Catholic cltapel has an attendance of 450; and, in the Roman Cittiiolic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels ot Colligan and Kilgobinet. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 4, and the Roman Catholics to 800 ; and a pay daily school had on its books 24 boys and 6 girls.

    CLONEAMEARY, Clonamert, or Cluin, a parish in the barony of Ida, 2 miles south-east of Innistiogue, co. Kilkenny, Leinster. It contains the village of New Ballygub. See Ballyuub. Length, south-westward, Sk miles; extreme breadth, 2; area, 3,990 acres, 1 rood', 38 perches. Pop., in 1831, 777; in 1841, 835. Houses 106. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 613. Houses 74. It lies on the left bank of the Nore, and shares the advantages of that river's navigation and the facilities of Innistiogue. The principal residences are Harryboro '-house, Cooliiamuck- house, and Allen vale-cottage ; the chief hamlets are Lower Cloneameary, Upper Cloneameary, and Oldcourt ; and the chief antiquities are

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

59. Clonearl: handsome mansion seat of W. H. Magan, Esq.

    Clonearl · townland · Offaly

    Clonearl is described as the chief mansion of Crooh parish and the handsome seat of W. H. Magan, Esq. It stands in a parish whose surface includes excellent land and reclaimable bog, traversed by the road from Philipstown to Tyrrel's-Pass.

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    CROOHAN, a parish 3 miles north of Philipstown, and on the northern border of the barony of Lower Philipstown, and of King's co., Leinster. Length, If mile; breadth, 1^; area, 5,794 acres. Pop., in 1831, 842; in 1841, 915. Houses 154. More than one-half of the surface consists of as excellent land as any in the kingdom ; and most of the remainder is flat, irksome, but reclaimable bog. The road from Philipstown to Tyrrel's-Pass traverses the interior ; and the Grand Canal is within an easy distance of the southern frontier. The chief mansion is Clonearl, the handsome seat of W. H. Magan, Esq. But the grand feature, not only of the parish, but of a vast extent of low country in the midst of which it lies, is Croghan-hill. *' To those desirous of knowing the nature of the surrounding country, the bearings of its various parts, and the great divisions of good and bad soil which the surface presents," sa^s Mr. Eraser, ** Croghanliill will be an object of some interest. It rises near the middle of that immense central plain which occupies so large a portion of the King's and Queen's counties, and of Kildare and Westmeath, and from almost every part it is a prominent object. It is

    f generally grazed by sheep, and is considered the most iertile land in the district. From the summit of this remarkably verdant hill, you can note the different seats around, the mcanderings of the rivers, the comparative extent of arable and pasture lands, the vast space which the bog of Allan occupies in the surrounding plain, and the great capabilities for territorial improvement which on every side present themselves." The hill is of comparatively great circumference; it is celebrated by Spenser in his ** Faery Queen ;" and it has near its summit some ancient monuments which Sir Charles Coote describes as those of a cemetery. At its base are a ruined church, and the cottage of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Charleville This parish is a

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60. Cloneen parish mountains and seats

    Cloneen · townland · Tipperary

    The parish of Cloneen in Co. Tipperary features the mountains of Carrickabrook, Slievenaman and Knocknaman rising on its southern boundary to altitudes of 1,859, 2,364, and 1,654 feet respectively. The seats include Clonui, Cloneen, Kilburry, and Billinard.

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    CLONEEN, or Clony.ve, a parish, 3} miles east by north of Fethard, and partly in the barony of Middlethird, and partly in that of Slieveardagh, co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, southward, 4^ miles; extreme breadth, 3. Area of the Middlethird section, 5,684 acres, 1 rood, 26 perches ; of the Slieveardagh section, 1,858 acres, 3 roods, 10 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 18:31, 2,096; in 1841, 1,959. Houses 282. Pop. of the Middlethird section, in 1831, 1,189; in 1841, 1,459. Houses 213. The land is variously arable and pastoral, and averages in value about iiOn. per plantation acre. The northern district lies low; the central district has a mean basis of about 213 feet, and the southern district is loftily upland. The mountains of Carrickabrook, Slievenaman and Knocknaman rise on the southern boundary, and lift their summits to the altitude of respectively 1,859, 2,364, and 1,(»54 feet above sea-level. An indigenous rivulet which flows northward along the baronial boundary, rises at an elevation of upwards of 1,260 feet.

    The seats are Clanui, Cloneen, Kilburry, and Bil-

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