The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Square pile castles in the boggy tract near Frankford

   Frankford · townland · Offaly

   Fraser described passing through a dreary boggy tract near Frankford in Ballyboy parish where the remains of several square piles called Castles could be traced. Nearby landmarks included the hill of Knock, the village of Ballyboy, and Songstown.

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   BALLYBOY, a parish, constituting the southwestern division of the barony of Ballyboy, Ring's CO., Leinster. It contains the villages of Balltbot and Frankford. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 3; area, 14,274 acres, 88 perches, — of which 89 acres, 3 roods, 38 perches, are in Lough Boora. Pop., in 1831, 4,135; in 1841, 4,753. Houses 811. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,650; in 1841, 3,060. Houses 515. The road from Dublin to Birr traverses the northern district. Mr. Fraser, speaking of the country on both sides of that road within the parish, but noticing some objects which lie beyond the parochial limits, says, ** Passing through the dreary boggy tract, in which the remains of several square piles called Castles may be traced, we reach the small town of Frankford : a little to the left of which are the hill of Knock, village of

   Ballyboy, and Songstown, Drought, Esq. ; and

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

2. St. Declan's dormitory at Ardmore

   Ardmore · town · Waterford

   In the churchyard at Ardmore, on a rocky eminence near a sandy cove, stands St. Declan's dormitory or shrine—a small stone hut with one square window. It derives its interest from containing the remains of the real or supposed tomb of St. Declan.

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   We need hardly say that the wild popular fables to which we have alluded are very nearly on a footing of authenticity with this pretty piece of pretended hagiography ; or that such utt«r confusion pervades the whole story of Declan as to prevent the educement from it oif alnoost any portion of real history. Ardmore — we are told too, and with more probability— was anciently a Danish settlement. A short deed of the year 1197) seen by Dr. Smith, conveyed from a Dane of the name of Christiana Hy- Dorothy, a small tract of land to the family of the Memins, with whom it renmined till they sold it in 1745. In the vicinity are circular intrenchments and other Danish works. In the village, when Dr. Smith wrote, was ** the stump of a castle ;" and not long before a much larger one was taken down. In the churchyard, on a rocky eminence, near a sandv cove, stand the chief of the ecclesiastical antiquities, — St. Declan's dormitory or shrine, the church, and a round tower. The dormitory is a mere stone hut, lighted by one small square window, and derives all its interest from containing the remains of the real or supposed tomb of St. Declan. The church, judging from the massive irregularity of its architecture, and the clumsiness of its buttresses, is evidently very ancient. Only the part of it used for service is now roofed. On the interior of the west wall are twelve figures, each under a small Saxon arch, but much defaced by the attrition of weather; and beneath these, within the semicircular projections, are irregularly executed bas-reliefs of various subjects, the chief of which seem to be the baptism of Christ, a Jewish sacri6ce, the judgment of Solomon, and Adam and Eve in paradise. The round tower, immediately south of the church, is 91 feet in height, and 15 feet in diameter at the base ; the doorway is 16 feet from the ground ; and 4 windows in the highest story, each two mutually opposite, are larger than any other apertures except the doorway. The tower gradually diminishes in diameter from bottom to top; and terminates in a pyramidal roof of cut stone. '* A kind of crutch, like a cross," which formerly surmounted it, has disappeared. Four projecting belts or courses of masoiy-y carried round the tower, and separating it into a basement and 4 stories or compartments, render it unique among the curious antiquities of its class. Tiudition takes occasion from the existence of two transverse pieces of oak in the highest story, and from some other indications of the uses of a belfry, to assert that a bell once hung in the tower of so powerful a tone that its sound was heard at the distance of 8 miles, in the Gun-More^ or Big Glen. The tower is a conspicuous feature, in a landscape of n»ny miles in diameter, and occasionally serves as a landmark to mariners. About a nnle from the village, and crowning the brow of some shelving rocks which immediately overhang the bay, are slender vestiges of a place of worship, supposed

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

3. St Patrick's College at Armagh

   near Armagh · town · Armagh

   A college alleged to have been founded in Armagh by St. Patrick was long one of the most celebrated seminaries in Europe, receiving patronage from the kings of Ireland down to Roderick O'Connor. Many learned men from across Christendom issued from this college to instruct their countrymen and diffuse knowledge among barbarians.

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   The College.] — Armagh figures early and prominently in the andent literature of Ireland. A college, alleged to have been founded here by St. Patrick, was long one of the most celebrated seminaries in Europe ; and received the patronage and sup|)ort of the kings of Ireland, down to Roderick O'Connor, the last of the native monarchs. 3Iany learned men, not only of the Irish nation, but from almost every part of Christendom, issued from this colloge, to mstruct their respective countrymen, and diffuse knowledge among barbarians ; and some of them figure in the aniuils of hagiology as martyrs. An ecclesiastical synod convoked by Gelasius at Cleonad or CLuie, decreed that none but Alumni oC

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   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 134

4. Swift canal boats established between Dublin and Mullingar

   Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1846

   Swift boats were established on the Royal Canal travelling as far as Mullingar, a distance of 52 miles. They completed the journey from Dublin in eight hours.

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   Mullingar, and thence to Longford, from which a small stream passes through Carrick-on-Shannon and Boyle to Sligo. The Athlone branch continues to Ballinasloe, where another small division takes place, a portion diverging to Tuam and Oastlebar, while the larger passes on by Loughrea to Galway. The Royal Canal runs close to the main route, touching it at several points, passing by Mullingar, and communicating with Longford by a branch from Killashee. Swift boats are now established as far as Mullingar (52 miles), which they reach in eight hours from Dublin ; and the common or slow passage boats ply regularly between Dublin and Longford, performing the journey in twenty-three hours. Next in point of consideration is a stream to the north-west ; it branches off on the left at Clonee to Trim, and to Navan on the right, passing through the latter place to Kells, Cavan, and Enniskillen." The Commissioners estimate that if railways were to be constructed from Dublin to respectively Cork, Belfast, and Mullingar, according to the lines indicated on the map, the passenger traffic upon them would be as shown in the following tables :

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 65

5. Tyrone Navigation and Coalisland collieries

   near Coal Island · town · Tyrone

   The Tyrone navigation was built to connect the collieries at Goal Island (Coalisland) near Dungannon with the river Blackwater and Lough Neagh. It was constructed under mistaken impressions of the Tyrone coal-field's value.

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   and connects Lough Neagh with the town of Newrj and the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, in 1637, its tonnage amounted to 102,332 tons, and its tolls to ;£3,505. The Tyrone navigation connects the collieries at Goal Island near Dungannon, with the river Blackwater and Lough Neagh ; it was constructed under grossly mistaken impressions of the value of the Tyrone coal-field ; and, in 1836, its tonnage amounted to 7,291 tons, only 718 of which were coals. The Lagan navigation connects Belfast with Lough Neagh ; and, including the river, the lake, and the Tyrone navigation, or from Belfast to Ck>al Island, it extends 61 miles. In 1836, the tonnage of this navigation was 44,700 tons, and the tolls amounted to £2,060 10s. 8d. A very important work, the Ulster canal, was quite recently constructed to connect the Blackwater and Lough Neagh with Lough Erne, and to bring Belturbet, Belleek, and all the country lying around and between them, into water-communication with Belfast and Newry ; and, in 1838, this canal was completed as far as to Monaghan, and promised to be a most useful work.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

6. Athy burnt by the Irish, 1308

   Athy · town · Kildare · 1308–1309

   In 1308 the town of Athy was burnt by the Irish. The following year Lord John de Bonnerille, slain near Ardskull, was interred in the church of the Athy abbey of crouched friars.

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   Hiatory.] — A battle is said by Keating to have been fought in the 2d or 3d century, on the site of Athy, between the people of Munster and those of Leix, under Lavighseagh Cean Mordha ; and a ford at the place was anciently a practicable and frequented passage between the principality of Leix or Lavighseagh in Queen's co., and that of Celleagh or Caelian in CO Kildare. These two circumstances may account for two ancient names of the place, — Ath- Trodain, * the ford of conflict,' and Ath-Bhiedhbha, •the ford of the adversary.' The latter of these names, as pronounced in the Erse fashion, though looking in Roman letters as if unpronounceable, is ▼ery nearly the short modern Athv. But. a name by which — in the corrupted form ot Bla-Theag, pronounced Blahai, the town continues to be known — is Bally-da-Dhae, * the town of the two houses;' and seems evidently to refer to the two monasteries built in the !3th century. The founding of these establishments is asserted to have been the origin of the town ; and as they were founded by English settlers, not only the monks, but the inhabitants of the town, were principally of that nation. In 1308, the town was burnt by the Irish. In the following year. Lord John de Bonnerille, slain near the town of ArdskuU, was interred in the church of the Athy abbey of crouched friars. In 1315, the town was plundered by the Scots under Bruce ; and Haymond le Grace and Sir William Pendergrist on the English side, and Sir Fergus Andrissan and Sir Walter Murray on the Scots side, were slain at the battle of ArdskuU, and all interred in the Athy abbey of Dominican friars. See Ardskull : see also Ardree. About the year 1424, Thomas, seventh Earl of Kildare, then Lord Offaly, obtained, by marriage with Dorothea, daughter of Anthony O'More of Leix, th«* manors of Woodstock and Rheban, including the town of Athy, and established within them a courtbaron and court-leet. Various historical passages are connected with the castle of Woodstock : which see. Athy, from the gradual contraction of the English pale, became a ifrontier and garrison town, commanding an important passage over the Barrow, and, in this connection, it received the accession of the fortalice, the remaining tower of which is called White's Castle. In 1642, the Earl of Ormond arrived at the town with 3,000 foot and 500 horse ; and sent out from it parties to relieve the garrisons of Carlow, Ballinakill, Berte, Cloghgrennan, and

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

7. Portico of Ballyscullion House reused in Belfast

   near Belfast · city · Antrim

   The portico from the demolished Ballyscullion House was re-erected and now adorns St. George's Church in Belfast. This architectural element was salvaged from one of Ulster's most magnificent mansions.

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   the river Btam. Pop. •# the wMCr in mir<^4fiS : in 1841, 6,979. Hooter 1,100. Pcm. of the Antrim lection, in 1841, 471. Houtet 88. Popt of the rani districts of the Londonderry section, in 1841, 5|709( HouMB 995i The Arable and pasture gronnds conprise about one moiety of the are»: and they are good in quality, and extend along Lough Beg and the river Bann. Chief eiisttng eSbjects of interest will be noticed under the wotcb, Castlb-Pawsok and Beo (Louor) : which see. BaHyseuUion-hottse,. the property of tho late Lord Bristol, bishop of iXerry, was one of the most magnificent mansioos ia> Ulster, but about 99 years ago wm taken down. \ts line of building extended nearly 350> feet Theground plan of the central and main iMHt was anoval of 94 feet by 84; the exterior wall of this was ornamented at intervals all round with 20 fluted O^ rintbian pilasters 2^ feet in diameter ; the northern face presented a stately portico, supported by si& pillars, similar in osdet and dimension to the pilastera ; an attic story, 12 £eet high, rose above a neat entablature; and a spacious dome surmounted the whole, and terminated in an elegant sky-light. Two long corridors led from the two* sides of the main building to picture gaUeriies, each 82 feet by 25; and in front of the galleries were two squares of offices, each 1 10 feet The interior of the princely pile corresponded in magnificence with the exterior; but the lawn and the woods of the demesne corresponded neither with the house, nor ¥rith the di^ cumjacent diversified landscape. The portico now adorns St. Geonj^e's church m Belfiut See Belfast— This pansh is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Berry. Tithe comporition, £350; glebe, £90. Gross income, £486 8s. Id. ; nett^ £447 4s. 5^. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church is » very old building. Sittings 400; attendance 23a There is » ehapeUof-ease at Castle-Da wsoN :: whidi see. The other places of wonhip are three, and bdong to- ProtesUnt dissenters, to Methodists, and to Ro> man Catholics. The attendance in the second and the third of these is respectively 00 and 450. in 1884, the parishioners consisted of 1,096 Churchmen^ MOO Presbyterians, and 3,627 Roman Catholics ^ and 9 daily schools,— one of which was partly sup* Dorted by subscription, one partlv by the Weslem Missionary Sodetjtr three JMttly dv the London Hu bemian Sodety, and one of these three partly by the wctorand the owners of Bellaghy estate,— bad on their books 307 boys and 261 girls. In 1839^ the National Board granted £82 toward the ereeUng and furnishing of a sdiool at Ballyiieas.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

8. Turf boats on Athlone's canal

   Athlone · town · Westmeath

   Athlone's turf trade was so extensive that fleets of small boats laden with turf crowded the canal, and heaps of turf piled along the shore were larger than several three-storey houses. A 20-horsepower steam-engine in one of the distilleries was found to work best with turf fuel.

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   Trade."] — Felt hats were long an extensive and celebrated manufacture in Athlone, and are stfll somewhat numerously made. Frieaes and some linen are, on a small scale, manufactured. Artificers in various departments are numerous; yet in no other instances than these named do they produce, in the mercantile sense of the phrase, an article of manufacture. Distillation is at once the ino>t prominent and the most lucrative employment, and makes a figure as conspicuous as its influence is baneful. A steam-engine of 20 horse power, set up ill one of the distillenes, was found to be best worked with turf. The quantity of turf brought to the town and sold in it strikes a stranger with wonder ; fleets of little boats being seen laden with it in the canal, and heaps of it elsewhere, larger than several three-story houses. So abundantly are the markets supplied with provisions, that the town is considered as aggregately one of the cheapest places of residence within an extensive tract of cirrumJHcent country. The * Sportsman in Ireland ' says, respecting the supply of river fish, " The first thing that aroused mv surprise at Athlone was the continued exposure for sale of trout of 8, 10, or 15 pounds each, which seemed to excite no admiration among the people. I was almost angry at the sight of such splendid creatures sold for the merest trifle ; and apparently regarded with less respect than the eels which satiated the town.** Though profits are now smaller than formerly, business in general has for years been decidedly en the increase. The shops are numerous rather than large, and are almost wholly furnished with British goods, imported by way of Dublin and the canals. Weekly markets are held on Thursday and Saturday ; and annual fairs on 1st Monday after Jan. 6, on March 21, on Wednesday before Ascension, and on 1st Monday in Sept. On the Leinster side are branch offices of the National and Provincial banks, the former established rn 1836, and the latter in 1827. A steam- vessel of about 100 tons piles between Athlone and Shannonharbour; connecting the town with the track and luggage boat conveyance to Dublin along the Grand rmnal, and with steam-boat conveyance to Limerick down the Shannon. In 1834, the boats which navigated the Shannon from the town were 171 in num. )>er, and aggregately of 4,684 tons burden. In 1838, the Iwiid conveyances from the town were a car to Ballina<loe, a caravan to Kilbeggan, a mail car to Mullingar, a car to meet the Royal canal boats at Toome bridge, and mail and other coaches in transit between Dublin and towns in the west.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 145

9. Dominican monastery at Athy founded 1253

   Athy · town · Kildare · 1253–1544

   A Dominican monastery was founded in 1253 on the north-east side of the river at Athy by the families of the Boisels and Hogans. Its property, including messuages, islands, a water-mill, and fishing weirs, was granted to Martin Polles in 1544. Preston's Gate was the postern gate of this monastery and the only surviving vestige after the other buildings perished.

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   Public Buildtngt,'y— The places of worship and the schools in the town will be noticed in the articles on the three parishes in which it stands. Some small vestiges exist, on the south-west side of the river, of the church of a monastic building. This structure was founded in the 13th century, bv Richard de St. Michael, Lord of Rheban, for crouched friars. The precincts of the monastery impinged on the river at the end of the bridge, and included all that part of the town*s area now ciilled St. John and St. John's Lane ; and the domain consisted of the island in the river, and of the ai^acent fields as far as the present barracks. The property of the friary was, in 1575, granted to Anthony Power; and, reverting to the crown, it was, by act of parliament 17 and 18 Charles II., granted to Dame Mary Meredith. — Another monastery, a Dominican one, was, in 1253, founded^ on the north-€ast side of the river, by the families of the Boisels and Hogans. lU precincts extended from the river along the north side of the present church, to the corner of the street leading to Preston's-gate ; and thence they extended to that gate, and to the rear of the gardens of the house called the Abbey ; and its domain consisted of 6 messuages on and around the present site of the town, 12^ acres of isknds in the nver, I acre of heath in Ardree, a water-mill at Tulloghnorre, and 2 fishing weirs on the Bariow. The whole property was, in 1544, granted to Martin Polles, in capite for ever, at the annual rent of 2s. 6d. Irish, rreston's-gatc, inddenUUy alluded to, wa^ the postern gate of the monastery, and the onlv surviving vestige of it long after all the other buildings had perished — Woodstock-castlc, situated on the south-west inargin of the river, 3 furlongs above the bridge, is an imposing ruin of a structure, hoar^ with anti^ity, and somewhat impressive in histoncal association. See Woodstock. White's Castle, i^ituated at the end of the bridge, and now consisting of only a single square tower, is the remnant of a fortalice built about the year 1506, by Gerald, eighth Eari of Kildare, for the purpose of securing, jointly with other fortalices, the frontier of the pale. The castle was repaired and enlarged, in 1575, by a person called William MThite, and thence derived its present name ; and the remaining tower of it was, till a few years ago, used as

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

10. Adare parish landscape and scenery

    Adare · townland · Limerick

    The parish of Adare, whose name derives from Athdare ('the ford of oaks'), is traversed northward by the river Maig and features rich, well-improved land ornamented with wood and tasteful demesnes. A British traveller entering from the north would find a landscape combining the luxuriousness of merry England with the picturesqueness of lowland Scotland.

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    AD ARE, or Adair, a parish in the three baronies of Coshma, Kenry, and Upper Conello, co. Limerick, Munster. The Coshma section contains the town of Ad ARE : see next article. Area of the Upper Conello section, 1,004 acres; of the Kenry section, 4,358 acres ; of the Coshma section, 6,631 acres. Pop. of the parish, in 1831, 4.913; in 1841, 4,902. Houses 723. Pop. of the Coshma section, in 1831, 2,270; in 1841, 3,148. Houses 439. Pop. of the Kenry section, in 1831, 1,474; in 1841, 1,362. Houses 22a Pop. of the Upper Conello section, in 1831, 403 ; in 1841, 392. Houses 56. The modern name is a corruption of Athdare or Ath-daar, *the ford of oaks. The river Maig traverses the parish northward ; and luxuriates between banks which are rich in the soft and sylvan features of beauty. Most of the land is good and highly improved ; and much of it is sheeted Mrith wood, or disposed in opulent and tastefully ornamented demesne. A British traveller entering it from the north, forgets the bog and moor and miserable cultivation which had figured largely in some previous views ; and sees in joyous combination around him the luxuriousness of a warm district of merry England, with the picturesqueness of a brilliant nook of lowland Scotland. Fine crops of wheat, neat enclosures, tidy cottages, noble mansions, numerous little gardens, clumps of orchard^ and a profusion of wood, decorate an undulating and gently featured surface. Currah, the seat of De Vere, Bart, is an elegant edifice encompassed bjr a demesne, both extensive and replete with varieties of beautiful scenerv. Adare Castle, the seat ^ the Quin family, earls of Dunraven, situated on the west bank of the Maig in the vicinity of the village of Adare, is a splendid edifice, commenced only a few years ago on the site of a former mansion, anording a fair imitation specimen of the later pointed style of architecture, and rivalling the first residences in the kingdom for at once taste, beauty, and chasteness of design. The extensive plantations, gardens, and pleasure-grounds around it exhibit richness, variety,

    and extreme neatness The parish of Adare is •

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

11. Ancient castle ruin and Turloughmore at Anbally

    Anbally · townland · Galway

    In the vicinity of the village of Anbally on the Clare river are the ruin of an ancient castle and a remarkable specimen of the periodical lakes called turloughs. This lake, formed by an expansion of the river, bears the emphatic name of Turloughmore.

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    ANB ALLY, a village in the parish of Kilrooylan, barony of Clare, co. Galway, Connaught. It stands oil the Clare river about 12 miles north-north-east of the town of Gal way. In its vicinity are the ruin of an ancient castle, and a remarkable specimen of the curious periodical lakes of the country called turloughs. This lake is formed by an expansion of the river, and bears the emphatic name of Turloughmorc. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1831, 224 ; in 1841, 229. Houses 34.

    ANDEURO \V, a brief chain of small and sceni. cally uninteresting lakes, in Cunnemara, co. Galway, Connaught. They lie 7 or 8 miles west of Oujchterard, and are pas^^ed by a tounst on his way to Clifden.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

12. Ancient church and monastery at Banagher, County Londonderry

    Banagher · parish · Derry · 474

    The ruins of a very ancient church and monastery in Banagher parish, County Londonderry, are built of cut freestone in an elegant style. The monastery, the only one remaining in the county, is entire except the roof, with a door several feet from the ground. Tradition holds that Saint O'Heney was the founder.

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    between the ecclesiastical and the civil statistics of 1831, appears to be occasioned by 8 townlanda having, a few years ago, been dissevered from the parish to form, with 10 townlands from other parishes, the district perpetual curacy of Lbarmoumt: which see. The Kenaught section declines eastward from the origin and the early course of the river Roe; and the Tyrkeeran section, north-westward from the origin and the early course of the Faughan. The surface is, over a large proportion, mountainous, and, even viewed in the aggregate, is a mass of uplands dissevered by ravines and vales. Mount Sawel, on the southern boundary, has an altitude of 2,236 feet. The soil of the arable grounds is too poor to produce wheat, and rather light and gravelly to bear a rich crop of even other grains. The road from Dungiven to Strabane mns southwestward through the interior, and is overlooked in its progress by the glebe-house and church, and by the mansion of Ashpark, the seat of J. Stevenson, Esq. The other seats are Drumcovit, Taronagh, and Kilcreen. The ruins of a very ancient church and monastery in the parish possess deep interest for a judicious antiquary, and exert an influence nearly as potent as that of the intoxicating chemical gas upon an enthusiastic Hibernian believer in the thousand and one stone churches of St. Patrick and his disciples. ** After all my own researches," says the Rev. G. Y. Sampson, ** I cannot authenticate the history of one of our finest specimens of ecclesiastical architecture. It is the old church of Banagher. This is built of cut freestone, in a good and even an elegant style. Some modem characters, engraved on the west door, n>ention the foundation of the church as having been in 474, or thereabouts ; but this is not likely. Beside it stands the monastery, the only one in the county which still remains. It is entire except the roof. The door is several feet from the ground, and the building nearly square ; it appears that the stairs have been built of stone. The tradition is, that 0*Heney, a saint, was the founder, and that he used to show himself occasionally from the elevated threshold. The tomb of the saint is in the churchyard; it is 9 feet in breadth. The sand adjacent to it is reckoned sacred. In any horse-race to this day, whoever can throw the Banagher sand on the rider as he passes, insures success to the horse." A headlong, though tasteful antiquary, who wrote in an extinct Irish periodical, haa no hesitation in ascribing the origin of the building* to the 5th century ; he stoutly makitaint the high antiquity of Irish stone churches, " in despite of the assertions of Ledwich and others;" and he triumpbantly flourishes the Tripartite Life of SI. Patrick* and shows from it that, though neither Banagher nor any word like it occurs in that document, Banagher cfaurdi was one of seven which St. Patrick founded during a sojourn of seven weeks in the neighbourhood of the Faiigfaan river f Yet wild as hb daydreams are, a piece of his criticism is well worth quotation. The ** very great antiquitv " of the church, be remarks, " will be sufficiently obvioiit to the architectural antiquary, from the peculiarities of its design and masonry,— which, though common in our ecclesiastical remains, erected previoos to tb« 7th century, are not to be met with elsewhere in the British Islands, or even on the western contiaent of Europe, in any Christian edifices. In the massive but regular masonry of its walls, we find an example of that style of building usually called Etruscan; while its doorway, with architrave and inclined sides, is equally characteristic of the old Pelasgie form of architectural entrance. It was before a doorway of this kind in one of the seven churches of Glandelough, that Sir Walter Scott, with all the enthmiiMK

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 155

13. Ancient worship sites at Knockseera, Lismore, Kilmunfoyle

    Knockseera · townland · Laois

    Ancient places of worship stood at Knockseera, Lismore, and Kilmunfoyle within Aghaboe parish, and cemeteries around their sites still exist. These represent early Christian or pre-Christian sacred landscapes in the Ossory territory.

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    windows: the eastern one is divided by stone-nudlions, and branched out into trefoils. ' Within, the northern wall is adorned with niches, canopies, and concentric mouldings; and near the communiontable is a curious eonfession-box in the thickness of the wall." In 1250, according to Arcbdall, or in 1382, according to other writers, an abbey for Dominican friars was founded by Florence Fitzpatrick, prince of Ossory, on or near the site of the Culdean establishment. The church of the monastery stands but a few yards from the remains of the great church. It is 100 feet long, and 24 feet wide, and has three pointed windows on the south, one on the east, and one on the west. The eastern window i» ramified, and the western door has concentric arches. There are two tabernacles, and an inverted cone for holy water, and a small tabernacle for the utensils of the altar. On the south side of the building, and connected with it by an arch, is a projecting structure, called Phelan's chapel ; and on the north side was a quadrangle 60 feet each way, with ten monks' cells, some servants' apartments, and various attached offices. The cellars were spacious, and over them were the refectory and a large dormitory, — the former, 46 feet by 17. Dr. Ledwich's predecessor used most of the monastic part of the pile as a quarry for enclosing a demesne. During the incessant tends among the neighbouring toparchs, the abbey was frequently plundered and burnt; and,. in 1346, the shrine, the alleged relics of St. Canice, and the town of Aghaboe were reduced to ashes by Dermot Mac Giolla Phadrai^. Two cells of the abbey stood upwards of a mile from it ; the one at Ballygowden, and the other, for females, on the glebe of Farran- Eglis. From the colour of the dotbes worn by the inmates of the latter, the church adjacent to the cell was called Teampul-na-Cailleachdubh, or * the church of the black old women.' Ancient places of worship stood, and cemeteries around their site still exist, at Knockseera, Lbmore, and Kilmunfoyle. To the north of the abbey church is an artificial mount, similar to the Welch Gorsedde, and the moats of Scotland, on which feudal justiciary courts were held. It is about 45 feet in diameter at the top, has a stone wall round the edge of the summit, and was ascended by a spiral pathway. Distant from the hamlet, but still within the parish, is a large earthwork, called by some the Rath of Lava, and bv others the Mote of Monacsghlan. It crowns a hill of considerable altitude, protected by ramparts and fosse, and was evidently the rudely-fortLfied residence or retreat of an ancient tribe. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ossory. Vicarial tithe composition, £263 Is. 6^d.; glebe, £277 4s. 4d. Gross income, £540 5s. lOjd. ; nett, £461 18s. 5}d. Patron, the Rev. George Carr. Two curates are employed at stipends of respectively £83 Is. 6d., and £69 4s. 7id. The rectorial tithes, consisting of two-thirds of the tithes of the parish, and compounded for £526 3s. Id., are appropriate, and belong to the dean of the cathedral church of St. Canice, Kilkenny. The present parochial church was built in 1618, at a cost of £461 lOs. 9id. Brit., lent by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200; average attendance 100. The court-house of Borris-in-Ossory is used as a chapel- of-ease, and attended by 60. Three Roman Catholic ehapels respectively at ELnockroa, Ballincolla, and Borris-in-Ossory, are attended, the first by 850, the second by 930, and the third by 1,230. | The parishioners consisted, in 1834, of 556 Churchmen, 10 Protestant dissenters, and 5,787 Roman ' Catholics. The schools, in 1834, amounted to 11, and had on their books 348 boys and 233 girls ; one was a school of the Society for Discountenancing '

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

14. Arklow Castle founded by Theobald Fitzwalter

    Arklow · town · Wicklow · 1200–1299

    Arklow Castle was erected in the 13th century by Theobald Fitzwalter, fourth lord butler of Ireland. It possessed seven strong towers and was a fortress of considerable importance, assaulted and captured multiple times in the 1330s by the Irish and English.

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    ARKLOW, a market, post, and sea-port town, the capital of its cognominal parish and barony, is situated B^ miles north-nortn-east of Gorey, 9^ south-south-east of Rathdrum, and 39| south by east of Dublin. Its site is on the river Ovoca, about 500 yards from the sea. About 65 years ago, the place was merely a fishing hamlet, a collection ot thatched mud cabins, superintended by a single slated house. Even the present lower town, or the division nearest the sea, and east of .the coast road from Wicklow to Gorev, is a wretched segregation of wretched huts, a huddled assemblage of squalid hovels, a magnified copy of a Hottentot or Caffre kraal, with the putrid increment of the accumulated offals of a slovenly fishery. Mr. Inglis, in his * IreUind, in 1834,' appears to have mistaken this for the whole town, and, accordingly, says, '• Arklow is one of the poorest villages that can well be seen ; it is entirely supported by the herring-fishing during the season, but all the rest of the year is miserably off." This " Arklow" of the superficial tourist, and *• lower town" of topographists, is, by the inhabitants, called " the Fishery." West of it the public road is carried across the Ovoca, on a bridge of 19 arches. Above the bridge commences " the upper town," or the division which would gladly claim to be the whole of Arklow, and which alone presents to the eye the real features of a town. It consists principally of one street, tolerably spacious, slowly ascending, and placed parallel with the river. Its houses are numerously slated, generally neat, and aggregately of re&pecta\)le mediocre character. Near the centre of the town, and crowning a rising ground, stands the parish-church ; a handsome edifice, with a tower and minarets, from a design by the same architect, Francis Johnson, Esq., who planned the beautiful structures of the royal chapel and St. George's church in Dublin. Iti an open and convenient spot in the upper part of the street stands the Roman Catholic chapel ; a neat square edifice, built in 1616, and not unornamental to the town. On a commanding site, overlooking the river, stands the barrack, surrounded by a wall, and containing ac oommodation for two companies of soldiers, and the appendage of a drill-yard. Connected with it are the fragmentary remains of Arklow-castle ; consisting chiefly of a mutilated and ivy-clad tower. This "a'.tle was erected in the 13th century, by Theobald Fit z waiter, fourth lord butler of Ireland. In 1331, it WHS assaulted and captured by O Toole, but soon recaptured by Lord de Bermingham ; and, in the following year, it was again taken by the Irish, and retaken by the English. Either originally, or as now enlarged or re-edified by the English, it possessed seven strong towers, and was a fortress of con^^iderable importance. In 1649, Oliver Cromwell raptured it, overturned six of its towers, and reduced the remainder of it to the condition of a yawning ruin. Theobald Fitzwalter, the founder of the castle, founded also in Arklow a Cistertian monastery, and colonized it from the abbey of Furne'S in Lancashire. The founder died at the castle in 1285, and was buried in the monastic church beneath a monument which bore his eflSgies. The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 123

15. Articles of Galway and land restoration

    Galway · city · Galway · 1691

    After the Revolution, upwards of one million acres estimated at over £200,000 a-year were forfeited, but under the articles of Galway and Limerick, part of those forfeited lands were restored.

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    Frequent and most extensive forfeitures of land, at various periods down to the settlement at the Revolution, arose out of the resistance which the Irish made to the power of the English. A few profMietors, particularly in Connaught, hold their estates by original title to the soil ; bu^ all others hold under grants made in the times of Henry YIL, of Elizabeth, of Cromwell, and of William IIL Upwards of one-half of the province of Ulster became vested in the Crown by tho attainder of John O'Neill and his associates in the reign of Elizabeth, and was bestowed upon Knglish lords in such a manner as seemed most likely to secure the English power in Ireland ; and the enormous property of the last Earl of Desmond, in the south and west of the kingdom, was ail forfeited by his rebellion, and offered in portions or estates to settlers at so low a price as twopence per acre. Upwards of 500,000 acres in the six northern counties became vested in the Crown at the flight of the Karl of Tyrone ; and, as abuses had arisen from the too great extent of grants on former occasions, the lands, at this time, were disposed of in smaller portions, and much of them to the Corporation of London and other parties who were esteemed least likely to alienate the influence of them from the Crown. On occasion of the vastly extensive forfeitures in the wars of Cromwell, Connaught was reserved for the Irish, enormous tracts were appropriated to the discharge of the arrears due to the English army, and the counties of Dublin, Kildare, Cariow, and Cork, were disposed of according to the pleasure of parliament. At the Restoration, the act of settlement, and the subsequent bill of explanation, were passed for the purpose of regulating and assorting the grants. Upwards of one million of acres, estimated in value at upwards of ;£200,000 a-year, were forfeited at the Revolution ; but, in terms of the articles of limerick and Galway, part of them were restored.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 40

16. Articles of Limerick and land restoration

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

    After the Revolution, upwards of one million acres were forfeited, but in terms of the articles of Limerick and Galway, part of the forfeited lands were restored to their former proprietors.

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    Frequent and most extensive forfeitures of land, at various periods down to the settlement at the Revolution, arose out of the resistance which the Irish made to the power of the English. A few profMietors, particularly in Connaught, hold their estates by original title to the soil ; bu^ all others hold under grants made in the times of Henry YIL, of Elizabeth, of Cromwell, and of William IIL Upwards of one-half of the province of Ulster became vested in the Crown by tho attainder of John O'Neill and his associates in the reign of Elizabeth, and was bestowed upon Knglish lords in such a manner as seemed most likely to secure the English power in Ireland ; and the enormous property of the last Earl of Desmond, in the south and west of the kingdom, was ail forfeited by his rebellion, and offered in portions or estates to settlers at so low a price as twopence per acre. Upwards of 500,000 acres in the six northern counties became vested in the Crown at the flight of the Karl of Tyrone ; and, as abuses had arisen from the too great extent of grants on former occasions, the lands, at this time, were disposed of in smaller portions, and much of them to the Corporation of London and other parties who were esteemed least likely to alienate the influence of them from the Crown. On occasion of the vastly extensive forfeitures in the wars of Cromwell, Connaught was reserved for the Irish, enormous tracts were appropriated to the discharge of the arrears due to the English army, and the counties of Dublin, Kildare, Cariow, and Cork, were disposed of according to the pleasure of parliament. At the Restoration, the act of settlement, and the subsequent bill of explanation, were passed for the purpose of regulating and assorting the grants. Upwards of one million of acres, estimated in value at upwards of ;£200,000 a-year, were forfeited at the Revolution ; but, in terms of the articles of limerick and Galway, part of them were restored.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 40

17. Athy's new gaol on the Carlow road

    Athy · town · Kildare · 1841

    A new county gaol was built on the outskirts of Athy on the road to Carlow, on a semicircular plan with 32 cells, day-rooms, work-rooms, yards, hospital-rooms, a chapel and a kitchen. An 1841 inspection found it in very good order, with reformatory discipline and prisoners employed at weaving, shoe-making, tailoring, oakum-picking and stone-breaking.

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    a county gaol jointly with the prison of Naas. — The new gaol, situated on the outskirt of the town and on the road to Curlow, is on the semicircular plan, and contains 32 cells, 3 solitary cellii, 6 day-roomf*, 2 work-rooms, G yar(is, 2 ho^pital-rooms, a chapel, and a kitchen. **This small second gaol in the county," says the inspector in 1841, ** I found on my inspection in very good order, and every exertion made by the Board of Superintendence and the Officers to conduct the internal discipline on reformatory principle-*. The small size of the celN, having been erected with a view only to separation at night, prevents at present the possibility of making a trial of the separate system by day also ; and till that mode of moral discipline is found in practice to be the best, I will not urge on the Grand Jury to go to any farther expense. But, in other respects, this prison is conducted on sound principles ; and the small number of criminals confined, viz., an average of 26 daily in the last year, are employed at profitable or useful work, such as weaving, shoe-making, and tailors, picking oakum, and stone-breaking for the roads." — The court-house and the barracks require no remark — A workhouse for the Athy Poorlaw union, is built on a site given free of charge by the Duke of Leinster ; it occupies an area of 6 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches ; it cost £5,600 for building and completion, besides a large sum for fittings and contingenries, charged against the union; and it contains accommodation for 500 persons. An excellent district fever hospital in the town was originated by the gift of £1 16 as the nucleus of a subscription, by a benevolent gentleman who had received that sum as relief or compensation for an accidental burning ; and, in the Report published in 1841, the hospital is fetaCed to have been in receipt of £758 128. 5d. from subscription, to have at that time received no aid in the form of a county grant, and to have just commenced the giving of relief. The pop. within its diiitrict was 50,457* In 18^19-40, a dispensary in the town received £166 8s. 3d., expended £184 4s. lid., administered to 2,628 patients, and served for a district of 3!>,08y acres, with a pop. of 13.057.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

18. Augher: a former parliamentary borough in Tyrone

    near Augher · town · Tyrone · 1613–1800

    Augher was constituted a borough by charter of James I under the title 'the town of Agber and the precincts of Spurial Castle,' sending two members to parliament until disfranchisement at the Union. The Marquis of Abercorn received £15,000 in compensation. The town contains Augher-castle, seat of Sir James Richardson Bunbury.

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    Nov. ]2tb. Several yean ago the proprietors of tb« manor, with the view of benefitting the town, relinquished their claim upon market tolls and customs. In 1834, one school was attended by an average of 30 boys, and another by an average of SO girls ; the former occupied a free site on part of the Commons Hill or Fair Green, and was built from funds provided by the ** Lord-lieutenant*8 School Fund ; " and both were supported by private subscription and small weekly tees — Augher was constituted a borough by charter of 1 1 James I. ; and ia stated to have acquired the dignity upon the petition of the inhabitants, and for the better plantation of Ulster. Its chartered title was " the town of Agber and the precincts of Snuroial Castle ; " and that of its corporation, ** the Burgomaster, free burgesses, and commonalty of the borough of Agher." It sent two members to parliament, but, with the exception of electing its own officers, seems never to have exercised any other privilege ; and, immediately after its disfranchisement at the Union, its corporation virtually ceased to exist. The borough was perfectly close, the officers of the corporation being uniformly appointed by '*the patron ;" and the inhabitants deriving no advantage whatever from the charter. The families of Moutray and Bunbury long, jointly, possessed its " patronage ; '* but the Marquis of Abcrcorn purcha.sed it about 10 yeara before the Union ; and he received for his own use the whole of the sum of £15,000, awarded as compensation for thef borough's disfranchisement. A court of record was authorized by the charter, but does not seem to have been held. A manor court la held everv three weeks by the seneschal of the manor, and exercises jurisdiction to the amount of £2 Irish. A court-leet for the manor is held once a -year. Though no property appears to have been at an^ time held by the corporation, some confused traditions are afloat respecting borough conuDont which have been enclosed for upwards of a century by the lords of the manor; and some land which liet in the vicinity of the town, and has been private property time out of mind, is said to have been allotted in an acre to each burgess, and still bean the name of •* Burgess Acres." •• The name alone" of this land, say the Municipal Corporation Commissioners, *'seen>s to have given rise to the tradition." Area of the town, 47 acres. Pop., in 1831, 832 ; of whom 500 were Protestants, and 332 Roman Catholics. Pop., rn 1841, 753. Houses 138. See Clogher.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

19. Ballylinan village and the Weldon family seat at Rahin

    Ballylynan · town · Laois

    Ballylinan stands on the eastern verge of Queen's County on the Dublin-Kilkenny road. The Weldon family, the town's proprietors, are reputed to have settled at Rahin in the reign of James I, and the ruins of Ballyadams-castle crown a hill within view.

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    thicksets were manufactured, about 4 ^ears ago, but it is now discontinued." The village still presents a poor appearance; yet possesses interest firom some antiquarian associations. On the north side of it are the house and plantations of Rahin, the seat of the Weldon family, the town's proprietors ; a family who are reputed to have settled here in the reign of James L, or upwards of a century previous to the removal of the Ball^linch family of Grace from CO. Kilkenny to this vicinity. In 1786, some peasants dug up, in the neighbourhood of the town, an urn containing a great number of small silver coins, all believed to bear reference to Irish kings and chieftains between the years 862 and 900. An account of these coins is given in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Society, and in Gough's Edition of Camden*s Britannia; and several of them are preserved in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. Within view of the village, and crowning a hill at no great distance, are the ruins of Bally« adams-castle. See Balltadams. Area of the village, 24 acres. Pop., in 1831, 533 ; iu 1841, 445. Houses 89.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

20. Ballyragget Hall and the Butler family seat

    Ballyragget · town · Kilkenny

    Ballyragget Hall succeeded the castle as the noble abode of the Butlers of Ballyragget, the main branch of the Mountgarret family. The male line terminated in Dr. James Butler, titular Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cashel, and his brother George Butler; the property passed to Mr. Kavanagh of Borris by descent.

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    Whiteboys. Ballyragget Hall, in the immediate vicinity of the village, succeeded the castle as the noble abode of the ' Butlers of Ballyragget,' the main branch of the Mountgarret family ; and it Is now the property and seat of Mr. Kavanagh of Borris, in co. Carlow, who acquired it by descent from the Butlers. The male line of the Butlers of Ballyragget terminated, a generation or two ago. in the persons of Dr. James Butler, titular, or Roman Catholic, archbishop of Cashel. and George Butler, Esq., his brother. A little above the village is Ballyconra, the seat of the Earl of Kilkenny; and in the neighbourhood are Mount Deland and Grange, the seats of Mr. Messom and Mr. Stennard. Area of the town, 68 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,629; in 1841, 1,577. Houses 280.

    BALLYRAGHAN, an alias name or a misnomer of Bally vaus:han, barony of Burren, co. Clare, Munstcr. See Ballyvaughak.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

21. Ballytore's literary associations and antiquities

    Ballitore · town · Kildare

    Ballytore is notable for its association with Edmund Burke, who was educated there by Quaker Abraham Sheckelton. Nearby are the old demesne of Narraghmore and the old forts of Mullaghmast, adding to its historical interest.

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    Dermot, 8{ south-south-west of Kilcu11en» and 30 feouth-west by sooth of Dublin. The irui and a few cottages stand on the high road. The main body of the town stands a little to the west, in a fertile and tranquil valley, watered by the rivulet Griese. The town is remarkable for neatness, cleanliness, and appearances of peace and thorough order. Quakers are its chief inhabitants, and carry on several branches of manufacture; and they have given a tone of comfort and quiet beauty to both its physical and its social character. Nor is the place more interesting for the beauty which arises from simplicity, and is apparent in the whole arrangement of streets and bouses, than for the association of its name with K>me persons of high fame in literature. Edmund Burke received here the early part of his education under the celebrated Quaker, Abraham Sheckelton ; and Mury Leadbetter, the daughter of Mr. Sheckelton, and the authoress of ** Cottage Dialogues," and ether works designed to improve the state of the Irish peasantry, was a native and a resident. Dr. Matthew Young, bishop of Clonfert, was aUo educated in the town. Near Bally tore is the old demesne of Narraghmore, now part of the estate of Robert Latouche, Esq.; and beyond that demesne are the old forts of Mullaghmast. A dispensary in the town is within the Athy Poor-law union. Fairs ere held on March 10, Aug. 15, and Nov. 30. Area of the town, 23 acres. Pop., in 1831, 933; in 1841, 44 1 . Houses 73. See Timolin.

    BALLYTRAIN, or Bellatrain, a village in the parish of Aughnamullen, barony of Cremorne, CO. Monaghan, Ulster. Post-town, Carrickmacross. The village has a poor appearance. A dispensary here is within the Castleblaney Poor-law union, and has a district of 16,000 acres, ^nth 10,000 inhabitants; and, in 1839, it recoved £55, expended £62, aud administered to 397 patients. Area of the village, 15 acres. Pop, in 1831, 220; in 1841, 197. Houses 38.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

22. Bandon's property divisions and suburban layout

    Bandon · town · Cork

    Bandon is divided by a river, with the larger southern section in the parish of Ballymodan and the northern part in Kilbrogan. The Duke of Devonshire owns the old town, while the Earl of Shannon owns the eastern suburb of Irishtown.

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    Present Condition."} — The present probably differs as much from the ancient condition of the town, in street alignment, aggregate architectural character, and general outward appearance, as in social order and the morale of police. Bandon is no longer a fortified town, or a huge garrison of colonists in the midst of a suspected and suspecting tribe of natives ; but an ordinary seat of annuitants, tradesmen, and artisans, similar in all features to most other towns in the county, and differing from the majority only in being larger,, better built, and more respectably inhabited. The Duke of Devonshire, who possesses a considenble portion of the great property which formerly belonged to the earldom of Cork and Burlington, is proprietor of the old town, and has effected within its limits a series of very judicious improvements. The eastern suburb, called Irishtown, is the ppoperty of the Earl of Shannon ; and the remainder of the town belongs to the Earb of Cork and Bandon. The entire town is cut by the river into sections of about one-third and two-thirds; and the larger section is on the south side, or in the parish of Ballymodan. The northern or Rilbrogan division is altogether irregular in at once the breadth^ the linear direction, and the relative position of its streets; and consists principally of a street 1,150 yards close along the river, narrow at the east end* and opening into a spacious area, with a public building in its centre on the west, — a stfeet, winding off in continuation of the former, TOO yards north-westward along the read to Macroom, and sending off at mid- distance a street of 450 yards in length to the west, — and a narrow street, 350 yards long, going off at right angles from the first street near the ena of the bridge,, and running northward tothe old gate at the original egress to Cork. In the south section of the town, Warner's Lane begins at the end of tb« bridge, and runs 400 yards southward along the thoroughfare toward Kilbritton ; a terrace, or onesided street^ runs 350 yards westward up the bank of the river from the end of the bridge ; a street, 40D yards long, goes off Warner's Lane, about 80 yards from the bridge, runs about 460 yards westward, and forks into street-lines of respectively about 540 and 950 yards in length, along the road to Enniskane,. and the old road to Clonakilty ; a new stceet, about 800 yards long, but partly a terrace, commences & little south of the former, and runs south-westward along the new road to Clonakilty ; a spacious street^ called Shannon, goes off Warner's Lane opposite tlie commencement of the thoroughfare toward Ennis* kane, runs 350 yards east-fouth-eastward, and fbrk&

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 158

23. Castle-yard artificial mount at Ardee

    Ardee · town · Louth

    A large artificial mount called Castle-yard at the south entrance of Ardee is encompassed by a double ditch and vallum, with vestiges of an octangular tower on its summit. Wright's Louthiana records its perpendicular height at nearly 90 feet and circumference at the top of 140 feet.

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    ARDEE, an ancient, incorporated, market, and post town, the capital of the parish and the barony just noticed, stands on the river Dee, 11 miles northwest of Drogheda, 34 north-north-west of Dublin, and 68 south-south-west of Belfast. Its principal street, called Castle-street, extends half-a-mile northnorth- west ward from the left bank of the Dee, and forks, at the fair green, into the road to Dundalk, and the old road to Carrickmacross. Lanes, back tenements, and cross-streets so wing this street as to effect an average edificed breadth of rather less than a furlong. John-street, running upwards of ^ of a mile east and west, somewhat parallel to the river, is the chief of a cluster of edificed thoroughfares on the right bank of the Dee. A stone bridge, at the end of Castle- street, connects the two parts of the town; and Dawson^s Bridge, J of a mile lower down, is out of repair. Ardee-house, and its sylvan and ornamented grounds, immediately behind the west side of Castle-street, produce warmth and amenity of aspect. But neither the contour of the surrounding flat country, nor the sluggTsTiToTJrs^ of the muddy and prosaic Dee, are favourable to the composition of a mixedly town and country landscape. ThoHgh the town contains a few good houses, it consists, for the nrK>st part, of miserable cabins. The chief public buildings are the parish-church, a plain though ancient structure; the Roman Catholic chapel, a bulky, unfinished edifice ; and the courthouse and bridewell, a quondam castle, strong, built in the 13th century by Roger de Pipard, and long the chief residence of his descendants. The bridewell section of the castle contains 2 dayrooms, 6 cells, and 2 small yards ; and is kept remarkably clean, orderly, and subordinate to the objects of discipline and reform. — A large artificial mount, called Castle-vard, at the south entrance of the town, is a remarkable and curious object. It is encompassed by a double ditch and vallum ; is approached and ascended by a raised path across the ditch and up the side ; and has on its summit the vestiges of apparently an octangular tower, surrounded by a wall or rampart. Wright, who describes it in the Louthiana, says, " The perpendicular height of the mount, from the bed of its foundation, is nearly 90 feet, and the depth of the main trench betwixt 30 and 40 ; the circumference at the top is not less than 140, and round the foundation, upwards of 600 feet." The mount appears to have been designed for both residence and defence; and bears marks of having been occupied at different times by distinct races of people. A

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

24. Earl of Athlone title granted to General De Ginckle

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1692–1695

    Godard De Ginckle, William's heroic general, was created Earl of Athlone and Baron of Aughrim in 1692 and received a grant of the forfeited estates of William Dongan, Earl of Limerick, comprising about 26,480 acres. The grant was reversed by parliament in 1695.

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    musket and pistol ballti, great quantities of pick-axes, spades, shovels, horse-shoes, and nails, all which blew up into the air, and covered the whole town and neighbouring fields, by the violence of which the town-gates were all thrown open : the poor inhabitants, who were generally asleep when this tragical scene began, awakened with the different surprising misfortunes that befel them, some finding themselves buried in the ruins of their own houses, others finding their houses in a flame over their heads, others blown from their beds into the streets, others having their brains knocked out with the fall of great stones, and breaking of hand-grenades in their houses. These stupifying disasters within doors made most of these poor amaxed mortals fly to the streets for shelter!'* — Athlone gives the title of Earl in the Irish peerage to the Dutch family of De Ginckle, the descendants of William's heroic general. Bafx>ns De Reede and Ginckle, in the Netherlands. Godard De Ginckle, the general, was created Earl of Athlone and Baron of Aughrim in 169U2; and he received in 1693 a grant of the forfeited estates of William Dongan, Earl of Limerick, comprising about 26,480 acres. The grant being reversed by parliament in 1695, the family retired to Holland, and no Earl of them sat in the Irish House of Peers till 1795. George, the ninth Earl, was born in 1820, and when 3 years old, succeeded his father Reinhardt-Diederick-Jacob, the eighth Earl. The family-seat is Amerongen-castle, Utrecht — A presbytery of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland has its seat in Athlone, iiis^pects 8 congregations, and meets on the fir»t WediiesdHy of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

25. Garbally Demesne and the Earl of Clancarty's patronage

    Garbally · townland · Galway

    Garbally, the demesne of the Earl of Clancarty, screened the west side of Ballinasloe's fair green and extended along the roads to Galway and Westport. It was liberally open to townspeople and strangers, forming a series of high additional attractions, and reflected the noble proprietor's taste and public spirit in improving the town.

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    repulsive, yet greatly less haggard ;n what'constitutes the whole of many a third or second rate town in Ireland, and unfolding itself at the south-east comer round the basin of the canal. Between the same part of the street toward Galway, and the east side of the fair green, extends a comparatively broad gravel bank, gradual in ascent from the street, rapid in declivity toward the green, — neatly and regularly edificed over alf the eastern face, and crowned about the middle of its summitline with the elegant spire-surmounted parish-churdi. The principal streets are all wide, airy, clean, and replete with pretension ; and even the most secluded alleys are free from all the gross and squalid features which offend decorum or excite disgust. The taste* ful, liberal, and benign spirit of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Clancarty, has everywhere worked such reform, and impressed such decorations, and asserted such ascendency, that the entire aspect of the town concurs with common fame in proclaiming him the assiduous and costly promoter of its well-known attractions. " One perceives at a glance," says Mr. Inglis, ** that it is not left to chance, — that there is a fostering hand over it, — that some one who is able to serve it feels an interest in it, — in short, that there is a resident and public-spirited proprietor. Lord Clancarty is the owner of Ballinasloe; and every kind of improvement finds encouragement at his hands. No stimulus to improvement is more effectual than the practice of Lord Clancarty, in granting leases for ever on condition of good houses being built." His lordship's own demesne screens all the west side of the fair green, and extends to a considerable distance along both the road to Gal way and the road to Westport ; and being liberally open to the perambulations of the townspeople and strangers, it forms in itself a series of high additional attractions. See Garballt. Though a very great aggregate of flat dreary bog lies within a circle described by a radius of 5 miles from the centre of the town, the existence of hardly a patch of it would be suspected by a stranger who alights on the streets from a close carriage, and looks abroad on what appears to be a brilliant expanse of gently undulated, and richly wooded country. Mackney, the villa of the Hon. Archdeacon Trench, and the villas or mansions of Fortwilliam, Lancaster, Park, Suckville, Ardcame, Mount Equity, Kellysgrove, Birchgrove, and Tulleigh, all aid the master decorations of Garbally in flinging wood and embellishment athwart the environs.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 150

26. Great Cave of Dunmore, Kilkenny

    near Dunmore Cave · monument · Kilkenny

    The Great Cave of Dunmore, situated on the edge of the Leinster coal district about eight miles north of Kilkenny, is one of the most remarkable caverns in the upper limestone of Queen's County and County Kilkenny. The upper limestone of this region is characterised by the number and size of its caverns.

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    of Ireland. The first position in which it occurs, and where it presents the usual characters of the series, is surrounding the Leinster and Tipperarj coal districts in the Queen*s county and the counties of Garlow, Kilkenny, and Tipperary. < In the valley of the Barrow at Carlow, where the whole carboniferous limestone series of the south is clearly developed, it would appear that the calp, or black shale division is wanting, and that the upper limestone rests directly on the black marble beds of the lower. The upper limestone of the Queen*s county and the county of Kilkenny is characterized by the number and size of the caverns it contains, the most remarkable of which are the Great Cave of Dunmore, situated on the edge of the Leinster coal district, 8 miles north of Kilkenny ; and of Clopocke, 5 miles south of Stradbally, in the Queen's county. The upper limestone also occurs, underlying the anthracitous coal district of the counties of Glare, Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. Its distinctive characters are clearly developed at Foynes, adjoining the river Shannon in the county of Limerick, close to the eastern boundary of the coal country. In this locality the strata present numerous mural precipices, and the upper beds contain in abundance layers and insulated masses of homstone. Organic remains occur, though less abundantly than usual ; but no dependence can be placed on them, owing to their being common to the lower as well as to the upper series. It is doubtiul whether or not the upper limestone occurs in the valley of the river Blackwater, along the southern boundary of the Cork coal district, and from thence westward to Killamey ; in that direction the strata are so much disturbed, that it is nearly impossible to determine either the dip or the strike. It seems probable that the strata of the coal formation rest unconformably on the lower limestone, that the upper is wanting in the valley of the river, and that the usual disturbance and derangement of the strata have been occasioned by a fault occurring in the line of the river, which, for the most part, forms the boundary between the limestone and the coal formation."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

27. Huntly Glen thread spinning factory and Seapatrick cloth works

    near Banbridge · town · Down

    Near Banbridge, a large thread spinning factory operated at Huntly Glen, while an extensive establishment for weaving union cloth by machinery stood nearby at Seapatrick. These formed part of a dense industrial corridor along the River Bann between Banbridge and Gilford.

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    ■re extensively carried on in and around Banbridge, there is, at Huntly Glen, a little below the town, a large thread spinning factory, and near it, at Seapatrick, an extensive establish men t for wearing union cloth by machinery." In, fact the whole tract of 4 miles along the Bann, from the town down to Gilford, presents as rich a combination of scenic beauty and commercial appliances as any of the most boasted districts of Ulster, — a continuous theatre of gay, luscious, and brilliant landscape, and of commercial ii>- dustry and genius. The Bann is powdered and patched at rapid intervals along its banks with cfaami« ing villas and beautiful bleach-yards; and rolls its silvery flood and serpentine folds along an undulated vale, decorated on the sides and summits of its swells and rising grounds witk many an ornamental clump of wood. — The town has a good hotel, a readingroom, and other useful public accommodations. A branch of the Provincial Bank was established in 1833; and a branch of the Ulster Bank in 1836. Fairs are held on Jan. 12, March 15, June 9, Aug. 2G, and Nov. 16. In 1838, the public conveyances were a coach and a car to Belfast, two cars to Newry, a car to Lurgan, a car to Rathfriland, and the various coaches and other vehicles in transit along the great north road between Dublin and Belfast. A presbytery of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland has its seat in Banbridge ; exercises inspection over 13 congregations; and meets on the first Tuesday of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Area of the town* 1 17 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,469 ; in 184 1 , 3,324. Houses 573.

    BANBRUSNA, or Buhbrvsna, a hamlet in the parish of Leany, barony of Corkaree, co. Westmeath, Leinster. It* stands on the road from Dublin to Sligo, 2 miles south-east of Ballinalack, and 5 northnorth-west of MuUingar. Its site is near the foot of Lough Owhel ; and in its vicinity is Clane-Hugh, a seat of the Earl of Grenard. The bamlet is a small and poor place. Pop, in 1831, 94.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 156

28. Lough Neagh's character and petrification fame

    near Lough Neagh · lake or lakes · Antrim

    Lough Neagh, spanning five Ulster counties, is the largest lake in the United Kingdom. Despite its size and importance to inland navigation, it is described as a characterless inland sea with a factitious reputation for petrifying objects.

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    Lough Neagh, on the boundaries of counties Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry, is not only the largest lake in the United Kingdom, but one of the largest in Europe ; it is a characterless inland sea, surrounded by low shores and a generally flat country ; it possesses extensive, but, in a great measure, factitious fame, for its power of petrifaction ; and though comparatively shallow, it boasts important subordination to the ramified inland navigation of the whole of Ulster. Loughs Erne, Upper and Lower, partly in counties Cavan and Donegal, but chiefly in co. Fermanagh, are multitudinously studded with beautiful islands, and completely environed with diversified, rich, and picturesque shores, and mutually connected, as well as partly flanked, by chains of meadow-encinctured loughlets, and possessed of far more extent, power, and character, than the Winandermere of England ; and they serve, not only as a great navigable series of waters in themselves, but as the counterpart of Lough Neagh in the system of navigations for Ulster and by the Ulster canal. Lough Corrib, partly on the boundary between Mayo and Galway, but chiefly within the latter county, is a large lacustrine expanse, very variable in width, depth, and scenery, but, to a large extent, gemmed with green islands, and either bounded by luxuriant grounds or overhung by wild and lofty mountains ; and it forms a main part of the chain of natural inland navigation in what have been termed the Lakes of Connaught. Lough Mask, situated in the counties of Galway and Mayo, a little north of Lough Corrib, displays wooded isles and luscious beauty, pours its great volume of superfluent waters down a wondrous subterranean channel to Lough Corrib, and is also an important part of the navigable series of Connaught Lakes. Lough Carra, situated within Mayo very near the head of Lough Mask, is much inferior in size to the latter, but considerably similar in character. An intricate and rather numerous series of lakes and loughlets, in the vicinity of Castlebar, and chiefly between that town and Westport, are in some instances sheets of b^uty, in others huge bogholes, and in others of diversified appearance ; and they often bear the aggregate name of the Castlebar Lakes, and are, to some extent, identified with the proposed ramification of inland Connaught navigations. Lough Conn, in the north of co. Mayo, has a few islets, and is partly overhung by Mount Nephin, partly bounded by pleasant shores, and partly screened with heathy moors ; it is divided into Lough Conn proper in the north, and Lough Cullen in the south, by a brief strait of river-width, spanned by the Pontoon bridge ; and it belongs to the river-system of the Moy, and holds a place, though a subordinate one, in the proposed series of inland navigations. The Lakes of KiUamey, Upper, Middle, and Lower, in co. Kerry, the first and second small, and the third large, are known either by inspection or by £Eune,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

29. Mayo fishermen's loss of sunfish oil

    Mayo · parish · Mayo

    Mayo fishermen used small boats for sunfish hunting. When they caught a fish, much of the valuable oil was lost during the transport of the liver to land in small open boats.

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    " Exclusively of the edible fish, properly so called," say the Commissioners of the Irish Fishery Enquiry, in Oct. 1836, "Ireland possesses oyster banks which yield valuable returns, where properly fished ; and the lobster fishery would form a most lucrative branch of industry — ^but it is not efficiently worked. Lobsters exist in great plenty on various points of the coast ; yet the English markets derive their principal supplies from Norway ; while in the Irish markets, lobsters are scarce, dear, and often not to be had. The sunfish and whale are met with in the Irish seas ; the former, only a few years since, visited the north-west coast annually, in considerable numbers ; but it is stated that they are now rarely seen there ; resorting, according to the opinion of those best acquainted with the subject, to banks more distant from the coast. From this cause, and also perhaps from the inexpertness of the fishermen, and the want of proper boats to follow the business, the taking of sunfish may be said to have ceased ; and the oil formerly in high repute in the Dublin market, is, at present, scarcely to be found in the trade. To pursue the sunfish with effect, the vessels employed should, according to Dutton, be of from 80 to 100 tons burthen, with three attendant boats, manned with eight men each ; but in the evidence taken at Galway, vessels of 40 tons are stated to be sufficient. The Galway fishermen, however, search for these animals in their ordinary fishing boats ; and boats of a still smaller size have been used for the same purpose, on the coast of Mojo. It is also stated that when the Mayo fishermen took a fish or two, a large portion of the oil was lost by conveying the liver to land in a small open boat, as well as by the want of fit means on shore for extracting and saving the oil. It is, then, not unlikely, that the prevailing opinion is correct ; and that the fish are still to be found further from the shore, if due pains were taken to seek them. If this be so, (and it deserves the inquiry of interested persons,) a valuable enterprise is open to such fishermen as could proceed on an adequate scale of operations. The high price of spermaceti oil in Dublin, and the excellent quality of the sunfish oil, (especially if due care were taken to boil it while the liver is fresh and sweet,) would insure a brisk and steady sale for the article. A similar complaint of this disappearance of fish from their accustomed haunts, is made with respect to the herring ; the shoals being said to have left, wholly or partially, several places where heretofore they were abundant. The herring is a fish of rather uncertain movements. It is known to have deserted, for a time, bays where it has for seasons abounded ; and then, again to re-appear in large quantities. No cause worthy of confidence has been assigned for the fact ; the whole history, indeed, of the migrations of the herring having hitherto been involved in obscurity. It is an opinion daily gaining ground among naturalists, and may nearly be taken as established, that the imputed annual movement of the shoals from north to south, is an error ; and that the herrings, and all (so called) migratory fish, merely leave the deep waters, and approach the shores for the purpose of spawning. This latter opinion rests on a strong analogy with the known habits of salmon in that particular ; also on the certainty that herrings are taken on some or other parts of our coasts, at all times of the year ; and it is strengthened by the remarkable fact, that the remains of the herring are not found in the stomach of those whales which are killed in high latitudes ; though they are in that of the species which are found on our own coast. While the grand facts are thus in dispute, it seems vain to attempt an explanation of the more partial and irregular phenomena. Fishermen, however, are apt to complain of the shoals being less abundant on thdr stations than formerly. But though certain bays may be thus partially affected, the herring is

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

30. Spa at Ballyspellan near Urlingford

    Ballyspellan · townland · Kilkenny

    The chalybeate spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in County Kilkenny was among the most reputed mineral springs resorted to by invalids.

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    becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

31. Spa of Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    The chalybeate spa of Mallow in County Cork was one of the most reputed mineral springs in Ireland, resorted to by invalids.

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    becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

32. St. Enna and St. Brendon at Arran

    Inishmore · electoral division · Galway

    Both St. Enna (or St. Ende) and St. Brendon are said to have made the Aran Islands a favourite resort, establishing the islands' early Christian associations.

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    Angus, constructed of unceinented stones, great in extent, and surmounting a cliff which overhangs the sea, appears to be a very ancient stnicture, yet can hardly, as the peasantry and even graver parties crednlously allege, be the erection of some chieftain of the name of Angus, who flourished before the Christian era, during the reign of a pretended Manda, queen of Oonnaught. Eaths, druidical temples, altars, «tone pillars, sacred mounts, holy wells, holy beds, holy groves, -and kindred objects, are so numerous as to have rendered the islands, in the estimation of the Catholic peasantry, quite a region of thaumaturgy. It b quite astonishing with what enthusiasm these consecrated places by legend are still visited by thousands. These devotees shrink from no privation and hardship in thek pilgrimage; and happy is he who carries upon his person 'a holy stone' from some of the sacred places as a talisman against evil. The inhabitants long fancied that they«ould see from their coasts the Hy-Brasail, or « Enchanted Island,' the paradise of the ancient Irish; and the peasantry of the a4jaeent mainland still regard Arran itself as possessing some properties higher ftlmf>st than paradisaic, yet so intimately connected with a profession of the Roman Catholic faith as to be ibrbidden subjects of our notice. The islands have for centuries had the reputation also of being inimical to the life of mice, and the putrefaction of human bodies. • * There is in the west of Connaught," lays Giraldus Cambrensis, **an isknd placed in the sea, called Aren, to which St. Brendon had often recourse. The dead bodies neede not be graveled, for the ayre is so pure that the contagion of any carrion may not infect it : there may the son see his father, his grandfather, and his great-grandfather, &C., &C. This island is enemy to mice ; for none is brought thither ; for either it leapeth into the sea, or else being stayed it dyeth presently." St. Enna «r St. Ende, as well as St. Brendon, is said to have made Arran a favourite resort. One very absurd tradition of the islands asserts that a native, called Conhubbar-Mac-an-Jftigh, or * Connor the King's •on,' killed beef in his own bouse every Christmas for 160 years, and that he died in 1580 at the age of 220 years.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

33. St. Patrick at ancient Balleo (Slane)

    Slane · town · Meath

    Balleo, an ancient name for the town of Slane, is where St. Patrick is said to have rested before arriving at Tara to light his famous flame. St. Eire also founded a bishopric and monastery at this place.

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    BALLYEO, CO. Meath, Leinster. •* An ancient name," says our contemporary, Gorton, " for the town of Slane, derived from Bailiff * a town,* and Eo, * a grave.' The same place is also called Fir FeiCf derived from Fcarta-jir -bheitheack, or 'the graves of the herdsmen,* from a number of herdsmen who are said to have been slain and buried at this place; whence probably is derived the present name Slane. St. Patrick is supposed to have rested here the night previous to his arrival at the royal palace of Tarah, where he lighted up that flame which so much astonished the Arch-Druids and assembly of the states. St. Eire, or Ere, founded a bishopric and monastery in this place." See Slane and Tarau.

    BALLYFARNON, or Ballyferxon, a village in the parish of Kilronan, barony of Boyle, co. Roscommon, Coiuiaught. It stands on the north-west margin of the county, within half-a-mile of co. Sligo, within 1^ mile northward and north-westward of Lough Skcen, Castle- Tenison, and Lough MeeUgh, 3| miles west of the Arigna iron-works, and 4i north-west of the post-town Keadue. Though utterly sequestered in position, and surrounded by mountains, it has a weekly market, and several annual fairs. Area of the village. 3 acres. Pop., in 1841, 243. Houses 44. See Kilronan.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

34. St. Patrick's founding of Ardagh see and abbey

    Ardagh · parish · Longford · 454

    According to tradition, St. Patrick founded the bishopric and an abbey at Ardagh around 454 AD. His disciples and nephews, St. Moel and St. Melchus, successively held the joint office of bishop and abbot.

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    worthstown, and 5^ south-east by east of Longford. Though a very ancient place, and the seat of a diocese, it is now a mere hamlet. No traces of architectural splendour remain. All that existed of the cathedral, even when Harris wrote his continuation of Ware, was a part of a wall so built as to indicate that the undilapidated edifice had been very small. The poet Goldsmith, when a young man, once loitered on his way between Ballymahon and Edgeworthstown, strayed from the direct road, and found himself benighted on the street of Ardagh. Wishing to find an inn, but inquiring ** for the best house in the place," he was wilfully misunderstood by a wag, and directed to the large old-fashioned residence of Sir Ralph Fetherston. The baronet, whom the poet found seated by a good fire in the parlour, immediately perceived the young man's mistake; and being a humourist and well-acquainted with Goldsmith's family, he for some time encouraged the deception. The incidents of the occasion form the ground-work of the poet's well-known comedy — * Mistakes of a Night.' Fairs are held at Ardagh on April 5 and Aug. 24. Area of the village, 14 acres. Pop., in 1831, 142; in 1841, 165. Houses 29. The Bishopric of Ardagh is generally supposed to have been founded by St. Patrick, the inde&tigable evangelist, whose labours won over the great bulk of the nation to the Catholic faith. St. Patrick, says the current story, founded both the see and an abbey about the year 454 ; and first St. Moel, and afterwards his brother St. Melchus, disciples and nephews of St. Patrick, held the joint office of bishop and abbot. The bishopric now very opportunely drops out of view of the historiographers, and does not re-appear till the commencement of the 13th century. From 1217 till 1603, a list of truly Milesian names — among which appear O'Tormaig, O'Heothy, and Magsamhradhan— is preserved in testimony of a regular succession of bishops. From 1603 till 1742, though twice in the interval made separate, and held, per te, during the life of one bishop, the see was united to that of Kilmore. From 1742 till 1833, though all lying within the province of Armagh, it was held in commendam by the archbishops of Tuam ; and by the act of 1833, it was consolidated with Elphin and Kilmore. The gross amount of episcopal revenue is £3,186 28. 6id. ; the nett amount is £2,977 Us. 3d. The diocese has a dean, an archdeacon, and 4 rural deans, but no chapter. The dean's revenues are identical with those of the benefice of Ardagh ; and the honours of the archdeacon are, in all respects, merely nominaL The diocese is 61 statute miles long, and from 5 to 18 broad ; and comprehends an area of 37]>930 acres. Reckoning its parishes as 27 in number, though ecclesiastically they are 28, twenty-two of them are in Longford, seven in Leitrim, three in Westmeath, three in Cavan, one in Roscommon, and one in Sligo. The 38 parishes are disposed in 26 benefices of one parish each, and 6 of united parishes. Gross income of the benefices, £14,028 Os. 1^. ,- nett, £12,213 Os. 4}d. Twenty-six curates are employed, one each in 11 benefices, arid two or more in 5 benefiees; and they have aggregately an income of £1,981 16s. l|d. Thirty-five churches and chapels-of-ease exist in 25 of the benefices, and have aggregately 9,151 sittings. The other places of worship, are 60 Roman Catholic, 2 Presbyterian, and 9 Wesleyan Methodist. In 1834, the population consisted of 17J02 members of the Established church, 466 Presbyterians, 12 other Protestant dissenters, and 195,056 Roman Catholics, _in all, 2 1 3,236. In the same year, 1 5 schools of the London Hibernian Society, 3 of^he Board of Erasmus Smith, 6 of the Society for Discountenancing Vice, 21 of the Ifational Board, 65 aided or supported

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

35. Stratford cotton factory revival

    Stratford · town · Wicklow · 1840

    A dilapidated cotton factory at Stratford in County Wicklow, employing around 150 people, was recently fitted up and put back into operation by the close of 1840.

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    The cotton manuHictiire, after flourishing for a series of years, principally in Belfast and its vicinity, very seriously declined, and seemed almost tending to extinction ; but, viewed in its general connection with Ireland, it may be regarded as having decidedly revived. 3Ir. C. G. Otway, an assistant Iland Loom Weaver Commissioner, said in 1840, " Some large cotton mills ha\*e been Lately established in Ireland, and intelligent manufacturers have embarked in the trade ; and some of the finest specimens of calico prints in the London market are Irish manufacture." Mr James Stewart, the factory inspector for Ireland and Scotland, said, at the close of the same year, " I have great pleasure in reporting that, during my circuit in Ireland, the flax and cotton factory owners generally admitted, that, for some time past, there has been a tolembly l)risk demand for the articles manufactured by them. There is a considerable augmentation of the number of persons employed in the cotton and flax factories. A cotton factory, at Stratford, in the county Wicklow, employing about 150 persons, which has been for a long period in a dilapidated state, has recently been fitted up, and is at work. A large addition to the only cotton factory in the county Wexford is being proceeded with ; and there are new flax factories, and large additions to some of those already established, at Belfast and in other parts of the county Anti-im." Since 1840, several new factories have been established; and, but for a violent hostility on the part of Irish artisans to the introduction of skilful mechanics from England, considerably more would now have been in operation. The following table shows the kinds aud quantity of Irish cotton goods exported from Ireland, in each year of the period 1802 — 1821 : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 49

36. St. Peter's Abbey, the Monastery de Innocentia

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1214–1846

    An abbey dedicated to St. Peter was founded near the west margin of the Shannon at Athlone in 1214, according to Sir James Ware. Called 'The Monastery de Innocentia' in the table of procurations of the church of Elphin, it was of the Benedictine or Cistercian order, and bequeathed its name to the parish containing most of the Connaught division of the town. Scarcely a vestige of the structure remained by 1846.

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    Ecclesiaatical Buildings.'] — An abbey, founded, according to Sir James Ware, in 1214, stood near the west margin of the river, was dedicated to St. Peter, and has bequeathed its name io the parish containing most of the Connaught division of the town. ** This abbey," says Sir James Ware, " is called * The Monastery de Innocentia,* in the table of procurations of the church of Elphin, and was of the order of Benedictines or Cistertrans." Scarcely a vestige of the structure now remains. — A monastery for Conventual Franciscans was founded on the cast side of the river, by Cathal, or Charles Croibh Deary O'Connor, Prince of Connaught ; and, being incomplete at his death, it was finished by Sir Henry Dillon. A community or fraternity of Franciscan friars still have a convent and a chapel in the town. — The parish-church of St. Peter, on the site of the old abbey, is a plain structure ; and that of St. Mary, though in no way remarkable, is a pleasant edifice. The Roman Oitholie chapel in the Connaught town is noticeable chiefly for its great size.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 144

37. 17th-century description of Bandon's treed streets

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1600–1699

    Sir Richard Cox, a native of Bandon, described the town in the 17th century as having streets laid out so that almost every house had a garden, giving the appearance of being built in a wood.

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    more in compass tlmn tfaat of Londonderry; that my walls are stronger, thicker, and higher than theirs, only they have a strong ranvpier within that Bandon- Bridge wanteth; that there is no comparison between their ports and mine, there being in my town three, each of them containing 26 rooms; the castles, with the turrets and flankers, being all platformed with lead, and prepared with ordnance, and the buildings ef my town, both for the number •f the houses, and goodness of building, far beyond theirs." Yet Sir Bachard Clw, a distinguished native, who lived in the place, and described it in the 17th century, says, ** The streets were so placed that almo8t every hou«e had a garden to it, which^ being planted with trees, made it seem as if it was built in a wood."

    Exclusive Spirit In all its early history, Baadon-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 158

38. Abbeydorney Cistercian abbey foundation

    Abbeydorney · town · Kerry · 1154

    An abbey at Abbeydorney was founded in 1154, called Kyrie Eleison, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was colonized with Cistercian monks from the abbey of Maige in County Limerick, and its abbot sat as a lord in parliament. The ruins that remain are of no note.

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    ABBEYDORNE Y, Abbey-O'Dornet, or Mont- NAGEE, a village in the parish of O'Domey, barony of Clanmaurice, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands near the river Brick, and on the west road from Limerick to Tralee ; 5 miles east by north of Tralee, and 8 south-west by south of Listowel. Area 16 acres. Pop., in 1831, 338; in 1841, 418. Houses 57. The abbey from which the place derives its name was founded in 1154, called Kyrie Eleison, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was colonized with Cistertian monks from the abbey of Magio, in the county of Limenck ; and its abbot sat as a lord b parliament. The abbey and its possessions were conferred, at the dissolution, on Edmund Lord Kerry, who was created Baron O'Dorney in 1537; but they were to revert to the crown in the event of a default •f heirs male ; and some of the lands were granted by Queen Elizabeth to the provost, fellows, and scholars, of Trinitv college, Dublin. The ruins which remain are ot no note.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

39. Adrigole on Bantry Bay named for ancient clan

    Adrigole · townland · Cork

    Dr. Smith suggested the name of this quondam village on the coast of Bantry Bay derived from a clan of Gauls or Celtiberi who landed there, noting the similarity to Ardgoal or Ardgyle in Scotland.

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    ADRAGOOLE, the site of a quondam village on the coast of Bantry bay, co. Cork, Munster. " This place," says Dr. Smith, " was probably named from a clan of the Oauls or Celtiberi who landed here. Ardgoal or Ardgyle in Scotland is the same name."

    AELWTN, a lake about half^a-mile north of the village of Ballinlough, and on the western border of the barony of Ballintobber, and of the co. Roscommon, Connaught. It is oblong in form, and about S\ miles in circumference. Though its immediate shores are nowhere much elevated, its scenery derives interest from the distant perspective of the mountains of Mayo and Sligo. Willsborough, a small old country-seat, 200 or 300 yards to the south, has an agreeable appearance as seen from the margin of the uke. In tlie immediate vicinity are extensive bogs. See Ballinlough.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

40. Aghadoe cathedral and its Romanesque doorway

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry · 600–1300

    The ancient cathedral at Aghadoe is a low oblong building of nave and choir, with the nave assigned to the 7th or 8th century and the choir to the 13th. Its Romanesque doorway features chevron carving and fretwork executed with skill and taste.

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    But the scenery thus noticed is only what belong* in a strict or predominant sense to Aghadoe, and forms but one picture in a gorgeous natural gallery, whose other contents will be exhibited principally in the article on Killarney. The ruins at Aghadoe are those of a round fortalice called ' the Bishop's Chair,' a turraghan or round tower called ' the Pulpit,' and the ancient cathedral * The Bishop's Chair,' situated on the declivity of a hill, about 260 feet south* west of the cathedral, was built probably in the 9th or 10th century, but is in a very dilapidated condition. Its windows are so destroyed that only one with a round arch remains sufficientlv entire to indicate their form. The turraghan ana .the caUiedral, at the mutual distance of 54 feet, crown the summit, or dot the table-land, of the hill ; and are surrounded by a thickly tenanted burying-ground. All that r^ mains of the turraffhan^-called the Pulpit only by the peasantry — ^formed but part of the basement, and does not reach even to the aperture of the door. Its height is about 12 feet ; its exterior circumference it 52 feet ; its diameter within the walls is 6 feet ; and its thickness of wall is 3^ feet. The stones of which it consists are large, regular, and well-dressed, and exhibit a stvle of masonry quite superior to that of the cathedral ; but they have been peeled from the north-west face for transmutation into tomb-stonei ; and the whole ruin wails beneath the inilictiona ot *the gold-seekers,' and other prosaic spoliators of ancient buildings. The tower, to which this melancholy fragment belonged, must have fallen before the commencement of the 18th century, but is not noticed, in its unfallen state, in any record. The cathedral is a low oblong building, of two parts, m nave and a choir, unequal in antiquity, and divided by an unperforated wall. The whole is about 80 feet long and 20 broad. The choir, which belompi apparently to the 13th century, was lighted on lEt south by a window of 5 feet by 3, aikd above the altar by a double but exceedingly narrow laneel window, having an inward slope. The nave, which has been assigned so high an antiquity as the 7th or 8th century, and most of whose southern wall has nearly all fallen, was lighted by two small circulararched windows, the one in the north wall iiotr closed up, and the other in the unfiillen part of the south wall. The ancient Romanesque door- way of this division of the building is an architectural relie interesting, not only for its beauty of detail, but for the light which it throws upon the condition of national art and taste at a very remote period. A

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

41. Aghris promontory caves and Toole's Castle intrenchment

    Aughris · townland · Sligo

    The point of Aghris promontory is a precipitous limestone cliff perforated with two caves and capped with the remains of a triple intrenchment called Toole's Castle. The harbour bight is much frequented during the herring fishery.

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    AGHRIS, or Aughris, a promontory in the par* ish of Templeboy, and on the north coast of the barony of Tyreragh, co. Sligo, Connaught. It is situated 1 1 miles west of the town of Sligo, in lat. 54° ir N.. and long. 9° 22' W. Aghris or Fuloghurry harbour, which is sheltered from westerly and north-westerly winds by the promontory, is a good roadstead in five fathoms of waU»r, and is much frequented by boats during the herrii^g fishery. Its area is about half-a-milc square ; and its western side runs out in a limestone clilf 40 or 50 feet high. The bight, however, has no pier or quay. Its upper part is a mere shallow strand ; and its anchoring-ground is subject to such a ground-swell, during northerly winds, that no vessel can then hold on. Mr. Nimmo, who saw that a fishing-harbour for the district was an object much wanted, and considered Aghris bight as the most favourable spot for it on the coast of Tyreragh, proposed the construction of a rough breakwater at the least 200 feet in length, or, in lieu of it, should it be thought too expensive, such a pier and kant as should make a fair tide harbour, and cost £2,760. Though the breakwater could not be formed ior less than about £IO,0(X), ** iti( benefit to this part of the country," says Mr. Nimmo, ** would, in my opinion, amply justify such an expense ; and if ever carried forward into deeper water, it would afford sbelter at all times to vessels forced in upon this dangerous coast *' — The point of Aghris promontory is a precipitous limestone cliif, perforated with two caves; and it is capped with the remains of a triple intrenchment, called Toole's r^istle. The limestone cliff, continuing nearly two miles, returns to the general direction of the shore of Tyreragh, and is then succeeded, for a short distance, by a shallow strand, named Trabaan.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

42. Annalong fishing harbour cut from slate rock in Mourne

    near Annalong · village · Down

    Annalong, anciently Isle-Along, was a small village and fishing harbour in the barony of Mourne, the only creek along a bold Highland coast where fishing vessels could find shelter. Its inhabitants had cut a little dock in the slate rock, sheltering decked and half-decked smacks and wherries.

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    ANN ALONG — anciently Isle -Along — a nioun> tain-torrent, a creek, and a small village and fishingharbour, 5 miles north-east by north of Rilkeel, barony of Mourne. co. Down, Ulster. The creek is the only place, along a considerable extent of bold Highland coast, where fishing vessels can find sfaelter. " As we pass to the southward through this barony of Mourne," says Mr. Nimmo, ** the mountains recede a little, and the country improves in cultivation ; but no kind of sea-port or creek occurs worthy of notice, excepting Annalong. This little village is situated at the mouth of a considerable mountain-stream, which, passing swiftly through a gully in the slate rock, serves to keep off the swell which otherwise would seem ready to bury the small craft that find shelter within. The inhabitants have cut out a little dock in the rock on the south side, which, when I saw it, vns choke-full of little smacks and wherries. Of these there are, belonging to the place, 3 decked and 5 half-decked, containing 166 tons ; also 12 row-boats. The entrance, though narrow, is straight and deep; so that by means of leading marks and lights, the boats can run in pretty safelv. The inhabitants of this place have stated, in their memorial to the Board, the practicability of making an extensive harbour of safety here ; but this is quite out of the question. I think, however, it would be highly advisable to extend this little harbour by excavating a large space in the skerry rocks outside. Estimated expense, £1,428.*' A pier was erected by the proprietor of the soil, and has at its head from 12 to 15 feet water at the top of spring tides ; but, having no other source of support than an annual toll of £1 Is. on each of the few vessels which it shelters, it is in bad repair. Though the village appears to be a prosperous fishing-station, upwards of 250 of its inhabitants are said to have been unemployed in 1835. Pop. not specially returned.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

43. Antiquities of Adamstown: Strongbow's Castle and Raths

    Adamstown · town · Wexford

    The antiquities of Adamstown parish include one of Strongbow's castles, numerous small raths, and the ruins of several small ancient churches. These monuments point to medieval and earlier settlement in the area.

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    day, a distinct view of the coast of Wales. A good granite and a bad building-stone are quarried. The antiquities are one of * Strongbow's casHes,' and numerous small raths, and the ruins of several small ancient churches. Near the foot of Carrick-Burn rock or mountain, stood Scullabogue bam, in which 195 Protestants were burned to death in the rebellion of 1796. — Both parishes are rectories in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composition of Adamstown, £410 1 3s. Id. ; of Newbawn, £360 4s. 8d. Gross income of the benefice, £796 lis. 3d. ; nett, £625 6s. 9d. Patron, the diocesan. The benefice forms the corps of the archdeaconry of Ferns. A curate has a salary of £75 and the use of the glebe-house. The church was built, in 1806, at a cost of £692 6s., gifted chiefly by the late Board of First Fruits, and partly by the earl of Rathdown. Sittings 120 ; atteudance 40. Two Roman Catholic chapels in Adamstown are attended by respectively 1,200 and 1,400; and one in Newbawn, by 550. In 1834, there were in Adamstown parish 61 Churchmen, and 1,833 Roman Catholics ; and, in the union, 105 Churchmen, and 3,427 Roman Catholics. In Adamstown parish, in 1834, were a Protestant Sunday school, two hedge-schools, and a day-school, — the last salaried with £6 from local subscription and £8 from the Society for Discountenancing Vice. A National school was commenced in the last quarter uf 1840.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

44. Ardee and the assault of Edward Bruce

    Ardee · town · Louth

    Ardee and its Carmelite friary suffered severely from an assault by the Scots and Irish under Edward Bruce. The town's position on the northern frontier of the English pale exposed it to frequent attacks.

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    Lords of Athirdee; they were not only wealthy, but greatly distinguished in Leinster and in several of the midland counties of England ; and having adopted Athirdee as their chief residence, and made it the site of two monastic establishments, they could hardly fail to attract to it a large population. The manor was surrendered by Ralph de Pipard to Edward I., and was granted by Edward II. to Sir John Birmingham, whom he created Earl of Louth. The town severely suffered, in common with its Carmelite friary, from the sanguinary assault of the Scotn and Irish under Edward Bruce ; and, owing to it* position on the northern frontier of the English pale, it was exposed to frequent and fierce attacks froin the northern Irish. In 1538, it was burned by an invading force from Ulster under O'Niel ; ana in 1641, it was captured by the joint force of the troops of Sir Phelim O'Niel, and the disaffected in the north of Leinster. On the latter occasion. Sir Henry Tiehburne marched to its relief, and after a sharp contest about a mile from the town, and a skirmish at the foot of the bridge, succeeded in expelling the enemy. Ardee gives the title of Baron m the Irish peerage to the family of Brabazaii, EarU of Meath.

    ARDEE, CO. Kildare. See Ardree.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

45. Armagh among first district lunatic asylums

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1824

    In 1824, Armagh was one of the first three locations in Ireland to begin building a district lunatic asylum, following an act of parliament passed in 1823 legalizing such institutions.

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    In reference to Lunatic Asylums, the inspectors-general say, " The places of confinement, public and private, are placed, by act of parliament, under the commissioners' inspection. The only public asylums that existed when they commenced duty in 1821, for the cure of this malady, were those of Dublin and Cork, exclusive of a few private asylums, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Dublin, which were conducted on humane and judicious principles ; all others were temporary receptacles for idiots and incurable cases, in the gaols and houses of industry scattered through the county towns, and where no means could be provided for the cure and proper care of such patients. Classification and healthy employment could not be obtained in such places, and their cases appeared hopeless. At the commissioners' suggestion, in the year 1823, an act of parliament passed, legalizing district lunatic asylums, at the joint expense of three or more counties. In the following year, three of them were in progress of building, viz., at Armagh, Limerick, and Belfast : regulations were made by the commissioners, and a^^roved of by government, for regulating these asylums, and there now exist nine of them, on a large scale, inchiding in their several

    INTRODUCTION. CXVli

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

46. Armagh county court-house, built 1809

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1809

    The county court-house in Armagh, built in 1809, is situated opposite the north-west end of the Mall in the line of College-street. It is constructed of hewn limestone with a handsome portico, producing a striking effect in the perspective of the street.

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    County Buildings.'] — The county gaol, situated opposite the south-east end of the Mall, and near the divergence of the outlets to Belfast and Newry, was pronounced 38 years ago, *' a modern and complete building, standing on a plain, with every advantage of good air, and proper accommodations for the prisoners," and " admirably planned as to strength and security." But in the Prison Reports of iSiO and 1841, it is denounced as an *'old and very defective building, totally unfitted for carrying into practical effect any method even approaching to a proper system of classification and separation, according to the provisions of the late Act** Yet it is defective only as seen through the medium of the judicious and benign principles of prison discipline, which unhappily had scarce an advocate at the period of its erection ; it is likely to be speedily forced down by these principles to give place to a suitable successor ; and, while it stands, it has the advantage of being as zealously subordinated to their scope and operation as its construction ran well admit. Its accommodations are 18 dormitory cells, 19 other rooms with beds, 8 day-rooms, 4 work-rooms and sheds, 9 yards, 12 solitary cells, 2 hospitals, 3 baths, 4 stores and other appropriate conveniences. The prisoners on 23d Dec., 1841, consisted of 74 men, 25 women, 10 boys, and 6 hospital patients. Throughout 1841, the average number ot prisoners was 136, the average annual cost of each a 12 8s. 104d., and the total annual expense of the gaol, £1 ,692 ds. lid. The county court-house, or sessions-house, built in 1809, and situated opposite the north-west end of the Mall, and in the line of College-street, is constructed of hewn limestone, has a handsome portico, and produces in the perspective of the street a very striking effect.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 136

47. Armagh Observatory

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    Primate Robinson founded and endowed the Armagh Observatory, situated on an elevated site 250 yards north of the College. The south front features a central circular turret surmounted by a dome, and the institution was furnished with astronomical instruments.

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    The Oburvatory.'] — This edifice occupies an elevated site, 250 yards north of the College. The south front displays, in great neatness of architecture, an elevation of two stories, with a large circular turret in the centre, surmounted by a dome. The reverse of a medal, struck in honour of Primate Robinson, by the ingenious William Mossop of Armagh, exhibits this front with the appropriate encircling legend, ** The Heavens declare the Glory of God." The observatory contains apartments for the resident astronomer, a museum, and astronomical rooms; and is surrounded by a very elegant demesne of 20 acres. Primate Robinson, the founder of the institution, endowed it with lands and a perpetual fund, which yield to the resident astronoroer about £400 a-vear ; and he and Primate Beresford, each expended £3,000, in supplying the buildinjg^ with conveniendes, and furnishing it with astronomical instruments. The professorship of the institution is at present ably filled bv Dr. Robinson.

    The LwraryJ] — This building stands in the vicinity of the cathedral ; presents a very handsome appearance ; contains spacious and neat accommodation for a large collection of books, and an elegant suite of apartments for the librarian ; and has attached to it a court of 10 acres. Primate Robinson not only constructed the edifice, and stored it Mrith an accumulation of scarce and valuable works in both ancient and modern literature, but endowed it with a perpetual fund, which 40 years ago yielded £300 per annum, and is applied to the purchase of books, the salarying of the librarian, and the repairing of the edifice. The library contains, at present, between 20,000 and 30,000 volumes ; and may be used by every person who resides within 30 miles of the dty, and deposits double the value of the books

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 135

48. Ashbourne Castle and race-course

    Ashbourne · town · Meath · 1823

    The post-town of Ashbourne in Meath was founded around 1823 by Frederick Bourne. West of the town stands an old quadrangular building called Ashbourne Castle, with an adjacent race-course that is occasionally used and sometimes crowdedly attended.

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    ASHBOURNE, a small post-town in the parish of Killegland, barony of Ratoath, co. Meath, Leinster. It stands on the mail-road firom Dublin to Londonderry, 10 miles north-north-west of Dub« lin, 12 south bv east of Slane, and 13 south-southwest of Drogheda. The proprietor is Frederick Bourne, Esq., to whom and his brothers the public are highly indebted for improvements in roads and conveyances. The town is washed by a rivulet which fidls into the sea near Swords, and it hat several small retail shops, and 2 inns and postinghouses. West of the town is an old quadrangular building dignified with the name of Ashbourne Castle ; and adjacent to it is an occasionally u«ed, and sometimes crowdedly attended race-course. The town was founded so late as about the year 1823. Area, 34 acres. Pop., in 1831, 473; in 1841, 875. Houses 50.

    ASHFIELD, a seat and property in the yidnity of the tovm of Castleblakeney, co. Galway, Connaught The seat is encompassed with some wood about I of a mile west of the town. A belt of bogs, which describes the segment of a circle from the vicinity of Ashfield-house to a point 1^ mile north-east of Clonbrock-house, contains an area ok 3,280 English acres. The belt is about 4i miles in length, extends chiefly along the margins of the nascent Ahascragh river, and, excepting a small piece at the east end, lies on the south-west side of the road from Ballinasloe to Castleblakeney. It consists of Ashfield bog on the west, Clonpee bog in the middle, and Clonbrock bog on thie east. ** These bogs," says Mr. Griffith, in the 4th Report of ^e Commissioners on Irish Bogs, published in 1814 — " These bogs do not form one continued mase of red bog, but are connected together by interven.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

49. Athboy town described as poor and stagnant

    Athboy · town · Meath

    Athboy consists principally of one long street with only about 30 houses of annual value of £10 or more. It is described as a poor place not improving, with an extensive flour-mill supplied by local farmers and Navan.

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    ATHBOY, a market and post town, and formerly a parliamentary borough, stands in the parish just described, and on the Athboy river, 6 miles northwest of Trim, and 28J north-west by west of Dublin. It consists principally of one long street ; and has only about 30 houses of the annual value of £10 and upwards. It is a poor place, and does not seem to be improving. An extensive flour-mill in the town obtains its supplieti of com from the surrounding fiuiners and from Navan. Though a weekly market and annual cattle fairs are well attended, there is no nnarket for g^n. The weekly market is held on Thursday, and the fairs on May 4th, Aug. 6th, and Nov. 7th. A number of resident dealen in cem and pigs make their sales in Navan. In 1828, a caravan travelled between the town and Dublin. The Earl of Darnley, on whose estate the town is situated, supports a small widows' almsbouse. In 1889-40, a dispensary here received £114 7s., expended £127 16s., admmistered to 1,692 patients, and served for a district of 23,844 acres, with a pop. of 8,530. In 1842, the Athboy Loan Fund had a capiUl of £404 ; drcuUted £483 in 178 loans ; and cleared a nett profit of 19s. 5d — Athboy appears to have been a borough by prescription; and it had charters or kindred documents of 9 Henry IV., 24 Henry VI , 2 Edward IV., 7 and 9 Jamet I., and 5 James II. The charter of 9 Jamet L. which appears to have been the governing one, descril)es the borough limits as extending *' one mile beyond the town in every direction;" vested the right of electing the portreeve in the majority of the burgesses and freemen, and that of electing the burgesses and all inferior officers in the corporatioi|.

    ATH

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

50. Athy created a borough by charter of James I

    Athy · town · Kildare

    Athy was created a borough by charter of 13 James I, with additional charters under James II, Charles II, and George II. The corporation, titled the Sovereign, Bailiffs, Free Burgesses and Commonalty of Athy, was self-electing and effectively controlled by the Duke of Leinster as proprietor of the town.

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    Municipal Affair*,'] — Athy was created a borough by charter of 1 i James I. ; and had additional charters or letters-patent of 4 James II., 22 Charles IL, and 30 George II. The limits of the old borough describe a circle with a radius of half.a-mile around White's Castle ; but, according to the new arrangement, they are more contracted, are all included in the old, and, uiough comprehending less than half of the area, yet contain the whole of the town. According to charter, the corporation is entitled •* The Sovereign, Bailiffs, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty, of the Borough of Athy ;" its officers are a sovereign, 2 bailiffs, 12 burgesses, a recorder, 3 seijeants-at-mace, a town-clerk and billet-master, a treasurer, a bellman, a weighmaster, and an inspector of coals and culm ; and its governing body are the sovereign, bailiffs, and burgesses, with power of self-election. The constituency became, of course, completely ezdnsive ; and the members of the governing body wer« the mere tools, or, in softer phrase, the imroediata friends and adherents of the proprietor of the town, the Duke of Leinster. The corporation derives not from the charters any power of holding a court ; and has no exclusive jurisdiction, criminu or civil. A court held on the first Monday of every month, and entertaining civil causes to the amount of £2 Irish, is presided over by the sovereign, and called the sovereign's court. Another court, presided over by the sovereign, called the borough court, and entertaining civil causes to an unlimited amount, ceased, in 1827* to be held. Athy is alternately with Naas the assize town of the county; and is always the seat of the summer assizes. Quarter-scssions are held in January and June. Petty-sessions, presided over by the sovereign and by county magistrates, are held every Tuesday. A court called a Presenting court it annually held in Octol>er ; it consists of a grand jury of 23, selected from about 50, of the most respectable inhabitants, summoned by the town-clerk ; it tita

    ATH

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

51. Ballinasloe bridge: ancient Connaught key-post

    Ballinasloe · town · Galway

    The passage across the River Suck at Ballinasloe is a series of bridges and causeways extending over 500 yards, with sixteen arches of varying dimensions. The chief bridge, jointly with the other parts, is very old and anciently formed a key-post of communication between Connaught and the east.

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    The Suck and its Bridge.'}— T^^e Suck, not only at the town, but over a long way above, and down to the Shannon below, separates the county of Roscommon from that of Gal way ; and, like the Liny, the Brosna, and the other upper affluents of the Shannon, as well as the Shannon itself, which sleep and stagnate athwart vast expanses of morass and low flat grounds, it overflows and despoliates large areas of land along its banks. Yet, while slow and sedgy in the immediate vicinity, it purls and almost trots and becomes mirthful while passing the town, and is overlooked by such swells and tumulations of ground as very sensibly relieve the general monotony of its aspect. A tourist of 1839, therefore, displays more wit than accuracy, when, speaking of the stream in connection with the town, he says, '* It is very like its elder brother, the Shannon, the same slow, dark-flowing stream, gliding like a black snake through callows, moors, and red bogs. Was it not very poetical in a Roscommon bard to call the punch-drinldng squires dwelling on the banks of this sedgy stream *the sons of Suck?"* The passage across the river at the town is a series of bridges and causeways, carried from island to island, and from stream to stream, and extending upwards of 500 yards. The arches amount aggre^tely to 16 ; but they are of very different dimensions, they stand at very irregular intervals, and, in several instances, they are single. The chief bridge, or that over the principal water-way, consists of 4 arches, respectively about 16, 16, 14, and 12 feet in span ; and this, jointly with the other parts of the pieusage, is very old, and anciently formed a key-post of communication between the main body of Connaiight and the east.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 149

52. Ballintobber village and ancient church ruins

    Ballintober · townland · Mayo · 1216–1832

    A village consisting in 1832 of a Roman Catholic chapel and several houses. An ancient church stood near the site of the RC chapel, and its cemetery still remains, crowded with tombs. The editor of Grose ascribed the village's origin to an abbey erected in 1216 by O'Conor, king of Connaught, though apparently without feasible evidence.

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    southeast of the former, and 9 north- west of the latter. It consisted, in 1832, of the Roman Catholic chapel, one slated two story house, 3 thatched two story houses, and 22 cabins. An ancient church stood near the site of the Roman Catholic chapel, and its cemetery still remains, and is crowded with tombs. The editor of Grose, apparently without feasible evidence, ascribes the origin of the village to an abbey erected, in 1216, by O'Conor, king of Gonnaught. A fair is held on Aug. 25. A little west of die village, on the extremity of a narrow and declivitous ridge, stand the ruins of the castle of Ballintobber. The road from Castlerea runs along a parallel ridge on the opposite side of a deep hollow or ravine ; and the castle, as seen from the road, has a singularly majestic and imposing aspect. A quadrangular enclosure of 270 by 237 feet, within walls, was defended by 4 strong towers at the angles, and 2 at the sides of the grand entrance, and was surrounded by a broad fosse. The grand towers are all polygonal, and though so deficient in symmetry that no two have the same number and length of sides, they bear a strong resemblance to some of the towers of Caernarvon-castle in Wales. '* The southwest tower," savs Mr. Weld, "is a superb piece of architecture, and, for its general eifect, amongst the most imposing remains of antiquity which I can call to recollection in Ireland. * * The south-east tower is about 30 feet in breadth ; but all the towers were elongated towards the interior of the great court In the plan of the castle published in the volumes of Antiquities which bear the name of Grose, this latter tower in represented as round; but this is not the only blunder. The circumstance, however, is the more remarkable, because whoever had onoe looked at this tower with attention, could scarcely foi^et the extraordinary beautiful effect of the reflection of the sides, with their varied lights and shades in the waters of the fosse beneath, which generally present a smooth and glassy surface. During the few Dours I remained at Ballintobber, I was tempted to look at it again and again, and scarcely every saw a more interesting morceau of the kind." The lower part of the towers had loopholes for defence, and the upper stories were perforated with windows, and apparently disposed m haliitable apartments. The curtain walls between the towers were about 5 feet 8 inches thick at the height of the great inner court, and were provided with loopholes. Though serious dilapidation has occurred from violence, pillage, and the influence of time, a great part of the towers, most of the curtain walls, and several interior arches and features of beauty are in comparatively good preservation. Ballintobber-castle was the residence . of the O'Conors, kings of Connaught, and figured, down to a comparatively recent date, in some stirring scenes both of their own history and of that of their descendanta. But such notices of it, and its proprietors, and its attached landed possessions as our limits will admit, are so intimately connected, and in most instances identified, with the history of the province, that, excepting a hint as to its origin, we must reserve them for our article on ConnaOoht : which see. In the manuscript records of the O'Conor family, " not only," says Mr. Weld, " b there an absence of information about the building of Ballintobber-castle, but it is stated distinctly that no records whatever are in existence to trace the history of its erection. The tradition of the country merely assigns to it a date about the middle of the 13th centurv; and Cathal Creudearag O'Conor, a natural brother of Roderic O'Conor, the lat^t of the kings of the Irish race, has the reputation of having been the founder. He had supplanted the family of Roderic; was elected king of the Irish of Connaught,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

53. Ball's Bridge calico-printing works

    near Ballsbridge · townland · Dublin

    The village of Ball's Bridge on the Dodder river is noted as the site of extensive calico-printing works established by Messrs. Duffy, Byrne, and Hamill, rather than for scenic or romantic attractions. It stood on the road from Dublin to Kingstown, just south of the Kingstown railway line.

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    castle. The place U more noted as the site of extensive calico-printing works, established by Messrs. Duffy, Byrne, and Hamill, than as the locale of any of those exquisite landscapes or objects of romantic and thrilKng interest for which the environs of the metropolis are so justly famed. Area, 33 acres. Pop., in 1841, 484. Houses 59. See Donntbrook.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

54. Ballyfin demesne and Coote estate

    Ballyfin · townland · Laois · 1626–1801

    The demesne of Ballyfin is described as one of the most splendid in central Ireland, associated with Sir Charles Coote Bart. who expended over £20,000 before 1626 improving the house and grounds. The estate was forfeited by the Crosbie family in the 17th century, later vested in the Pole family, and features a Grecian-style mansion, a lake of over 30 acres, extensive plantations stretching up the Slieve Bloom hills, and a vast deer-park.

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    BALLYFIN, a donative chapelryin the parish of Clonenagh, barony of Maryborough, 4 miles northwest of the town of Maryborough, Queen's co., Leinster. It has no defined limits ; and is not subject to episcopal jurisdiction. The chapel was built m 1789, by means of a bequest of unknown amount, by the late Right Hon. W. Pole, ancestor of Lord Maryborough; and it was also endowed by that bequest with £100 a-year for the chaplain, and £26 for the clerk and schoolmaster. Lord Maryborough pays the endowments, and appoints the chaplain. Sittings in the ehapel, 150; attendance 120. A Roman Catholic chapel in the vicinity has 2 officiates, and an attendance of 500 ; and is the only chapel in the Roman Catholic parish of Ballyfin.— The demesne of Ballyfin, in the vicinity of the chapels, is one of the most splendid in the central districts of Ireland, and is intimately associated with a name to which Irish topography, agriculture, and general improvement, owe much, — that of Sir Charles Coote, Bart. The estate was at one time the property of the Crosbie family, who became Earls of Glandore, but was forfeited in the 17th century b^ Sir John Crosbie, Bart It was afterwards vested in the Pole family, and descended from them by will to the Hon. William Wellesley, who, on acceding to it, assumed the name and arms of Pole, and who subsequently was ennobled. Sir Charles Henry Coote, Bart., ac

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

55. Ballyjamesduff town, markets, lake and coal mining

    Ballyjamesduff · town · Cavan · 1831–1842

    Ballyjamesduff is a post-town on the old road from Virginia to Cavan with a weekly market and four annual fairs. It had a dispensary within the Oldcastle Poor-law union, a Loan Fund, a spacious adjacent lake, and coals were formerly raised in the vicinity by Alderman Bevan.

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    The town of Ballyjajiksduff stands in the Castleraghan section of the above parish, on the old road from Virginia to Cavan, 5 miles north-west of Virginia, 11 south-south-east of Cavan, 44 northwest of Dublin, and 92 south-west by south of Belfast. It is a post-town, and has a weekly market. Fairs are held on May 7, July 17, Oct. 26, and Dec. 24. A dispensary here is within the Oldcastle Poor-law union, and has a district comprising an area of 6,988 acres, with 4,444 inhabitants; and, in 1839-40, it received £74 15«. 6d., expended £72, and administered to 1,283 patients. In 1842, the Ballyjamesduff Loan Fund had a capital of £1,674, circulated £9,455 in 2,312 loans, and cleared a nett profit of £2 19s. Id. ; and from the date of its formation till the close of 1842, it circulated £37,493 in 9,781 loans, cleared a nett profit of £323 28. 2d., and expended for charitable purposes £139. Adjacent to the town is a spacious lake. Coals were, some time ago, raised in the vicinity by Alderman Be van. Area of the town, 28 acres. Pop., in 1831, 863; in 1841» 1.071. Houses 167.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

56. Ballykennedy and the Moravian settlement of Gracehill

    Ballykennedy · townland · Antrim

    The townland of Ballykennedy in the parish of Ahoghill, County Antrim, is the site of the Moravian settlement of Gracehill and gave its name to the predecessor of Gracehill village before the settlement was formed.

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    BALLYKENNEDY, a townland in the parish of Ahoghill, 2 miles south-west of Ballyinena, and 20 north-west of Belfast, co. Antrim, Ulster. Area, about 200 Irish acres. The soil is loose and improvable, very fit for the cultivation of potatoes, oats, barley, and all sorts of vegetables, but too light for raising wheat. Tlie river Maine separates the north-east border from the townlands of Galgorm and TuUaghgarly, and frequently overflows its banks. Ballykeunedy extort-* this separate notice on account of being the site of the Moravian settlement of Gracehill, and of having given name to the predecessor of Gracelull village, previous to the settlement being formed. See AnoGiiiLL and Gracehill.

    B ALLYKEOGUE, an alleged parish in co. Wexford, but in reality the misprinted name of the pari>h of Bally iiEOGUE : which see.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

57. Ballymoney banks and public conveyances in the 1830s

    near Ballymoney · town · Antrim · 1834–1838

    A branch of the Belfast bank was established in Ballymoney in 1834 and a branch of the Ulster bank in 1836. By 1838, public conveyances included a mail-car to Dervock and Ballycastle, cars and coaches in transit between Ballymena, Coleraine, Belfast, and Londonderry.

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    Hfonal tower as gpactous as the circular one, but not BO lofty; the north front has, at its west end, a square erection, and the only remaining^ part of the old mansion which occupied the site when Mr. Stewart's ancestor purchased the property from the Earl of Tyrone ; the east and north sides contain all the principal apartments, and possess nearly all the edifice's elaboration of architecture ; and the other two sides contain the offices, have an irregular ground plan, and are shaded with trees The principal trade of the to>vn is the linen manufacture, the retail supply of the surrounding country with miscellaneous wareit, and the ordinary transactions of the corn and dairy markets. Fairs arc held on the second Saturday of Feb., Mav, Aug., and Nov. ; on March 28 ; on the first Tuesday of June, O. S. ; on Sept 4, and Oct. 10; and on the last Saturday of Dec. A branch of the Belfast Bank was established in 1835. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a coach to Belfast, and a mail-coach in transit between Coleraine and Newry. — The Poor-law union of Cookstown ranks as the 66th, and was declared on 22d Aug., 1839. It lies wholly in co. Tyrone, and comprehends an area of 151 square miles, or 96,730 acres; with a pop., in 1831, of 44,624. Its electoral divisions, together with their pop., in 1831, are — Cookstown, 3,793; Lower Lissan, 1,720; Beaghmore, 895; Ballinasollus 1,529; Oritor, 2,5'27; Oaklands,2,18S; Killeenan, 1,606; Pomeroy, 3,431 ; the Rock, 2,719; Sandholes, 2,428; Tullyhog, 4,039; Stewartstown, 3,878; Ballyclog, 3,121 ; KiU lycolpy, 3,736; Muntcreolin, 4396; and Coagh, 2,623. The number of ex-officio guardians is 7, and of elected guardians, 21 ; and 2 of the latter are returned by each of the divisions of Cookstown, Tullyhog, Stewartstown, Killycolpy, and Muntcreolin, and one bv each of the other divisions. The total nett annual value of property rated is £57t015; the total number of persons rated is 7*513; and of these, 393 are rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 926 not exceeding £2,-1,039 not exceedinj^ £3,— 851 not exceeding £4, — and 707 not exceeding £5. The workhouse was contracted for on May 17, 1840, —to be completed in Sept 1841,— to cost £5,220 for building and completion, and £1,050 for fictings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 6 acres, I rood, 6 perches, for which an annual rent of £18 Is. 7id. is paid, — and to contain accommodation for 600 persons. The date of the first admission of paupers was May 31, 1842; the total expenditure thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £1,506 18s. 6d[d.; and the total previous expenditure was £752 Ids. No fever hospital and no infirmary are accessible nearer than Oinagh ; and the former offers no advantage whatever to this union, the latter very little. The dispensary districts are 4 in number, and have their seats at Coagh, Cookstown, Pomerov, and Stewartstown; but they are aggregately much more extensive than the union, and comprise an area of 156,233 acres, with a pop., in 1831, of 65,819. The Cookstown dispensary serves for an area of 58,307 acres, with a pop. of 21,056; and, in 1839^40, it expended .t'105 17s. 8d.; and administered to 1,811 patients. In 1841, the Loan Fund of Cookstown had a capital of £3,696; circulated £17,026 in 4,a^ loans; realized a nett profit of £166 Os. 4d.; and expended on charitable purposes £90; — and from the date of its institution till the close of that year, it circulated £50,293 in 13,196 loans; cleared a nett profit of £646 I4s. 2d. ; and expended on charitable purposes,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

58. Ballymoney Poor-law union workhouse established 1840

    near Ballymoney · town · Antrim · 1840–1843

    The Ballymoney Poor-law union, declared on January 8, 1840, covered 127,057 acres across counties Antrim and Londonderry with a population of 51,869 in 1831. The workhouse was contracted in September 1840 to accommodate 800 paupers on a 6-acre site and opened shortly after February 1843.

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    906 arc rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 999, not exceeding £2, — 498, not exceeding £3, — 482, not exceeding £4, — and 543, not exceeding i'5. The workhouse was contracted for on Sept. 3, 1840, — to be completed in Jan. 1842, — to cost £6,785 for building and completion, and £1,240 1 is. for tittings and contingencies, — to occupy a site of 6 acres, purchased for £474 9s., — and to contain accommodation for 800 paupers. The total expenditure of the union up to Feb. 6, 1843, was £1,775 10s. 3|d. ; and the workhouse was opened a little subsequent to tliat date. Four dispensaries within the union have their seats at Ballymoney, Dervock, Loughgoule, and Tunilaght-0*Crilly ; they serve for districts which aggregately comprise an area of 114,394 acres, and contained, in 1831, a pop. of 42,754 ; and, in I839^i0, they received £301 16s. 2d., expended £271 15s. I^d., and administered to 4,025 patients. In 18**^9^0, the Ballymoney dispensary received jt'87, expended £82 15s. 2d., administered to 1,134 patients, and served for a district of 43,893 acres, and a population of 17,672 — The trade of the town, though much less extensive than that of Ballymena, is of the same description and of considerable provincial importance. A good monthly market is held for linen and for dairy produce, — the latter chiefly for exportation. Fairs are held on May 6, July 10, and Oct. 10. A branch of the Belfast bank was estiiblished in 1834; and a branch of the Ulster bank, in 1836. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a mail-car to Dervock and Ballycastle, a car in transit between Ballymena and Coleraine, a coach in transit between Belfast and Coleraine, Hnd a mail-coach in transit between Belfast and Londonderry. B.illymoney is the capital of the two baronies of Dunluce, and the largest seat of tbeir trade and population. Quarter-sessions are held bere in their turns. Area of the town, 86 acres. Pop., in 18:31, 2,222 ; in 1841, 2.490. Houses 425.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

59. Banbridge Poor-law Union Workhouse

    near Banbridge · town · Down · 1841

    The Banbridge Poor-law union workhouse was contracted in 1839 and completed by 1841 to accommodate 800 persons. The first paupers were admitted on June 22, 1841, with total union expenditure exceeding £4,100 by early 1843.

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    21 perches ; Garvaghy, 5,761 acres,'2 roods, 39 perches ; Balloolymore, 5,1 13 acres, 3 roods, 28 perches ; Annaclone, 6,482 acres, 3 roods, 21 perches ; Loughbrickland, 4,468 acres, 3 roods, 6 perches ; Glaskermore, 5,017 acres, I rood, 32 perches ; Scarva, 4,098 acres, I rood, 19 perches; Ballybrick, 5,900 acres, 2 roods; Tierkclly, 5,031 acres, 16 perches; Moneyslane, 6,760 acres, 22 perches; Bally ward, 5.651 acres, 1 rood, 10 perches; Leitrim, 6,822 acres, 24 perches; Mullahead, 4,721 acres, 1 rood, 19 perches; Tanderagee, 5,016 acres, I rood, 39 perches ; Ballyshiel, 4,000 acres, 3 roods, 39 perches ; and Mullahack, 3,849 acres, 3 roods, 25 perches. The total number of valued houses is 16,770; and of these, 9,756 were valued under £5, — 1,043, under £6,-879, under .€7,-758, under £8,-588, under £9,-562, under £10,-8*22, under £12,-419, under £14,-170, under £15,— '205. under £16,-306, under £18,-171. under £-20,-406, under £25,— 202, under £30,-204, under £40,-98, under £50, —and 181, at £50 and upwards. The total nett annual value of the property rated is £122,624; the total number of persons rated is 17,961 ; and of these, 3,346 are rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 2,843. not exceeding £2,-1,682, not exceeding £3, — 1,129, not exceeding £4, —and 1,063, not exceeding £5. The workhouse was contracted for on Sept. 2, ia39,— to be completed in March 1841,— to cost £6,300 for building and completion, and £1,280 78- 6d. for fittings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 5 acres, 1 rood, 1 1 perches, purchased for £316 3s. 9d., besides £103 8s. 9d. of compensation to occupying tenant, — and to contain accomntodation for 800 persons. The date of the first admission of paupers was June 22, 1841 ; the total expenditure of the union thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £4,135 Is. Id ; and the total previous expenditure was £562 14i. ll^d. The dispensary districts comprise an area of ^2,041 acres, with a population of 62,403; and have a fever hospital at Tanderagee, and dispensaries at Banbridge, Tanderagee, and Dromore. The Banbridge and Dromore districts are too distant from Downpatrick and Newry to enjoy infirmary and fever hospital relief; and the Tanderagee district sends infirmary patients to Armagh. The Banbridge dispensary serves for an area of 53,741 acres, with 37,493 inhabiUnts ; and, in 1839, it received £169 17s., expended £180 I2s., and administered to 6,719 patients.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 156

60. Bangor Abbey ruins described

    near Bangor · town · Down

    Part of Bangor Abbey's ruins still existed at the time of writing, with foundation traces showing it to have been of great extent. The windows were in the early English or ancient Gothic style of architecture. Its vast possessions were granted by James I to Viscount Claneboys at a nominal rent.

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    that of Downpatrick in wealth, and was infeiior to none other in the county. According to an inquisition held in the reign of James I., William O'Dorman, the last abbot, held, in the 32d year of Henry VIII., 31 townlands in Ardes and Upper Claneboys, a townland in the Isle of Man, the grange of Earbeg in the county of Antrim, the two Copeland islands, three rectories in Antrim, three rectories in Down, and the tithes of the island of Raghery. The whole of the possessions were granted by James I. to James, Viscount Claneboys, at the nominal rent of £4 Irish. Part of the abbey's ruins still exist ; the traces of the foundations show it to have been of great extent ; and the windows were in the early English or ancient Gothic style of architecture.

    BANL AGHAN, a hamlet in the parish of Myross, eastern division of the barony of West Carbery, co. Cork, Munster. A fair is held on Ascension-day. Adjacent is the seat of the eldest branch of the ancient family of O'Donovan. Pop. not specially returned.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162