Read the copy these stories were drawn from on the Internet Archive.
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The stories, best first
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Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.
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Bog ashes near Ross injurious to plants and animals
Ross Carbery · town · Cork
The author observed two instances near Ross where bog ashes proved harmful not only to vegetation but to domestic animals that used them as bedding, attributed to copper impregnation from neighbouring springs. This suggested a possible future mine discovery.
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commonly grows black, as it advances in age. It is not very easy to account for the different coloured ashes produced by turf frequently in adjoining parti of the same bog. As the materials of both the white and the red ashes appear to be the same, the difference is probably owing to mineral impregnation. Chalybeate springs issue more or less from the hills, by which those bogs are surrounded, and I have lately learned that the country people ascribe the difference of colour to the effect of the iron. This however is not the only cause, as a slight mixture of earth with the turf will also make the ashes red. The turf, which produces white ashes, makes the brightest fire, another proof of its greater purity. To the red ashes as a manure the same an* thor imputes a pernicious or at least an inconsiderable effect The farmers of this quarter hold a contrary opinion, making use of both, but preferring the red. I do indeed know two instances of bog ashes (in the neighbourhood of Ross) being extremely injurious not only to vegetation, but also to the domestic animals, which love to make them their bed. For this the philosopher will easily account, by supposing, what is really the case, that the turf of both is impregnated with copper from some neighbouring springs. The knowledge of the cause may possibly hereafter lead to the discovery of a valuable, .mine.
- The
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 17
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Castle walls mistaken for old church in Desert parish
Desert · townland · Cork
In the small parish of Desert (Dizart), contiguous to the town of Clonakilty, walls long considered the remains of an old church are obviously those of a small castle. The incumbent reads assent and consent within these walls on being collated to the benefice.
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several new churches wtre built. Their nuns shew them to have been for the most part very small, aa well as simple in their construction. Lime was seldom used as a cement, notwithstanding which the stones, usually large, are so #ell laid as to insure great durability. Long as they have been built, there are few parishes, in which a good deal of the walls are not yet standing. A remarkable circumstance, for which I am unable to account, occurs in the small parish of Dizart, contiguous to the town of Cloghnikilty. The walls, within which the incumbent reads assent and consent on being collated to the benefice, and which have been time out of mind considered as the remains of an old church, are obviously those of a small castle.
The site of the cathedrals within this county remains unaltered. That of Cork, which was rebuilt in 1733, retains no vestige of its antiquity, except the gateway in the west end, over which there is a spire of very indifferent workmanship, which ought to be rebuilt The cathedral of Cloyne, dedicated to St Colman, by whom it is said to Jiave been founded in the sixth century, is a plain Gothic building, built, like others of like date, in the form of a cross, with lateral aisles communicating with die main aisle by arches. Near this is a round tower, ninety fleet high, the only one now remaining in
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 47
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Kilmore, seat of Robert Popham
Kilmore · townland · Cork
Kilmore, a leasehold under the Duke of Devonshire, was the well-situated seat of Robert Popham at the foot of a hill providing shelter and warmth. Popham's agricultural skill placed him high among the best farmers in that part of Cork.
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Kilmore, * the seat of Robert Popham, Esq. is well situated at the foot of a hill, which, rising immediately behind it on the north, affords shelter and warmth to the lower grounds. The house is good, and the offices spacious and convenient The circumstances of the land, both as to quality and situation, are such as a farmer could wish, and Mn Popham's stile of agriculture shews, that he is perfectly
* This is a leasehold under the Duke of Devonshire, who ha» » large estate in thi* quarter, the oorth side of Bandon.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 126
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Mr. Brazier's house on the Cork-Fermoy tract
Cork · city · Cork
A house of superior description was lately erected on the wild tract between Cork and Fermoy by Mr. Brazier. The author praises building upon and improving an uncultivated estate over occupying a fashionable villa.
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One house of superior description has lately been erected on this rtide tract by Mr. Brazier. However
574 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 203
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Nurseries at Cork show spirit of tree-planting
Cork · city · Cork
The number of tree nurseries at Cork and other places demonstrates that the spirit of sylvan improvement has not been confined to men of large fortune. The author laments, however, that old native woods have been allowed to decay through neglect.
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Of another material want, and the means of removing it, something seems proper to be said, I mean, the want of timber. Considered merely with a view to shelter and ornament, it is impossible not to lament the general nakedness of the land ; when regarded as aa article of essential requisition, the scarcity of wood is still more deeply to be regretted. Men of large fortune have certainly extended their plantations very considerably of late, and the number of nurseries at Cork and some other places shew, that the spirit of sylvan improvement has not been confined to them. But, if we have gained in the article of new, we have certainly lost in that of old timber from neglect of the native woods, many of which have beei) suffered to go to decay within my own memory. The principal subject of present consideration, however, is the want of timber for the use of tenants and the ornament of their farms. It is obvious, that poor cottagers and tenants, holding at will, can never be planters, because it is absurd to suppose, that any man will sow what he has no prospect of reaping. Under other circumstances there seems no reason, why a man should not plant a tree as well as a cabbage, if he was equally assured of deriving advantage from his labour. There is indeed this difference in the cases, that one not only comes sooner to perfection, but is also much more easily
obtained.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 264
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Paring and burning husbandry in the barony of Kinalea
Kinalea · barony · Cork
Paring and burning is an old and prevailing mode of land management in the barony of Kinalea, where large tracts formerly covered with heath and furze have been brought into tillage and now produce good crops. The author argues the system is generally beneficial when pursued judiciously, contrary to local prejudice against it.
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Paring and burning is a very old, and still a very prevailing mode of management here, particularly in the barony of Kinalea. Experience abundantly proves that this system, against which so much local prejudice prevails, is only injurious when injudiciously pursued* Were it attended by the evil oon- •equeaces so frequently deplored* the lands of Kin* alea would by this time be reduced to a state of infertility. The contrary, however, is the fact. The general effect is beneficial, the. injury confined to that kind of injudicious management, which, were burning out of the question, would impoverish and exhaust. The general inducement to it seema to be the fertility of the operation in a light dry soil, pared without difficulty, and soon fitted for burning. Great and extensive improvement has resulted from this species of culture. Large tracts of land, covered with heath and furze, have been brought into tillage, and produce good crops of
hav,
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 190
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Patrick Street enlargement and new bridge transform city entrance
Patrick Street · street · Cork
The enlargement of Patrick Street and the construction of a new bridge at its end provide the only good and handsome entrance to Cork city. The bridge has encouraged the building of many excellent houses on the north side of the river, making it one of the most fashionable places of residence.
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The enlargement of Patrick-street, and the new bridge at the end of it, afford one, and at present the only good and handsome entrance to the city. The erection of this bridge has encouraged the building of many excellent houses on the north side of the river, which has lately become one of the most fashi- .onable places of residence. The abolition of the ,tolls, to take place as soon as the cost of building it is defrayed, an event which is shortly expected, will contribute still more to the improvement of this quarter. The rapidity of its advancement may be 4u2 com*
700 ' Sf ATlSTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 246
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Reclaimable moorland along the Blackwater near Mill-street
near River Blackwater · river · Cork
Fine tracts of moorland adjoining the Blackwater, not much elevated above the river bed, were identified as excellent candidates for judicious improvement through draining. The author knew no part of the county presenting a finer subject for such work.
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most part by lofty mountains, contains nevertheless a good deal of arable land, which leu much higher than might be expected from its remote situation. There are instances of farta land bringing 40s- per acre, and near the town still greater rents. Turf fuel is here in the utmost abundance, affording most convenient means, from the proximity of limestone, for reclaiming the extensive ranges of .moorland, with which this part of' the country abounds. Of these there are some very fine tracts adjoining the Blackrfater, and not much elevated above the bed of the river. I know no part of the county, that presents, to appearance, a finer subject for the hand of judicious improvement The expence of draining, ivhich is the grand requisite, might perhaps be very considerable, but the return of profit would amply repay any expenditure. The circumstances of the country are not yet ripe for such undertakings. Draining is an agricultural art less understood than any other by common farmers, whose means, were their knowledge greater, are unequal to any works of difficulty. Of the better order of agriculturists there are as yet too few in this part of the country to encourage much expectation of extensive improvement. The traveller will be surprised to see fine flats neglected, while cultivation is creeping up the sides of hills and
mountains.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 232
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Sand accumulation at Courtmacsherry Bay
near Courtmacsherry Bay · bay · Cork · 1770–1810
The author notes that sand at Courtmacsherry Bay appears to have increased, though less injuriously than at Inchidoney. The bay is described as exposed to south-east winds, which the author argues have gained ascendancy over south-west winds.
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west. I have already observed, that the greatest augmentation of sand lately observable has taken place at the island of Inchidony in the head of Cloghnikilty bay. The sand at Courtmasherry appears also to have increased, though in a less injurious degree. Near Castlefreke, at the head of Ross bay, where the greatest accumulation is, there hfts been little perceptible alteration for the last fort jr years. It should also be observed, that much less of the Castlefreke s$nd is used for manure than of the others. These facts furnish strong grouqds for belietfng, that the south-west winds have within the period mentioned lost something of their ascendancy, and that the south-east have gained it. The augmentation of sands upon the western coast is, I understand, assumed as a proof of the increasing influx ence of the West winds. This however may have happened from an increase of the sand as \yell as the wind, and is probably ascribable to the former cause. It is the opinipn of very intelligent philosophers, that the marine productions of the sea in coral and shells are rapidly augmenting. Observation shews, that this is the case on the southern cpast ; and it is reasonable to believe, that the sands of the western are augmenting in equal proportion. It is worthy of remark also, that the counteracting winds on that coast are those only, which blow from
the
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 21
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Simon White's Cottage at head of Bantry Bay
Bantry · town · Cork
At the head of Bantry Bay, on a narrow but extraordinarily fertile tract of land, Simon White Esq. lately built a fine house known by the modest name of the Cottage. It is noted for the beauty of its situation and the quality of the house.
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Along the head of the bay, on a low tract of land, narrow in dimension, but of extraordinary fertility, are some pretty seats. The most deserving of mention, for the beauty of the situation and the goodness of the house, is one lately built by Simon White, Esq. known by the more modest than appropriate appellation of, the Cottage.
To the west of Lord Bantry's is a considerable extent of good farm land, and most places, the rude and intractable hills excepted, attest the laborious hand of humble industry. The general style of agriculture 'and kinds of produce resemble those of West'Carbery. On the sea coast barley, in the inner parts oats are the usual successors to the crop of potatoes. Flax is also cultivated in considerable quantity, and sold at the Bantry fairs, where, besides numbers of small cows and sheep, they sell a great many ponies, bred on the range of mountains
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 135
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South Down sheep introduced at Castlemartyr
Castlemartyr · townland · Cork
South Down sheep were lately introduced at Castlemartyr, where they thrived on the pasture and increased rapidly. Their superior-quality wool was successfully used the previous year in the manufacture of fine broad cloth.
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The South Down sheep have been lately introduced at Castlemartyr, and appear to deserve that high character, which their admirers bestow on
, them. The quality of the wool is very superior, and was last year successfully employed in the ma* nufacture of fine broad=cloth. The pasture agrees well with them, and they increase as rapidly as can be wished.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 223
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Allman's cotton mill in Bandon
Bandon · town · Cork
A large cotton mill was erected by Mr. George Allman and sons in Bandon, described as highly distinguished for ingenuity. It was 134 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 50 feet high, with five floors underlaid with sheet iron, capable of containing ten thousand spinning spindles.
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The cotton mill, lately erected by Mr. George Allman and sons, highly distinguished for ingenuity; as well as enterprise, merits' a particular deserip-' fion. It is one hundred and thlrty-fou* feetr loflg; . t&irty-four feet wide, and fifty feet high. Tliew1 3b a**
370 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 123
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Argillaceous stone varieties near Glandore harbour
near Glandore · population centre · Cork
A cliff near Glandore harbour contains several varieties of argillaceous stone, including coarser kinds suitable for scythe and grinding stones and a soft vein that rubs into a fine whitish powder. The author found the soft stone superior for sharpening razors.
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In a cliff near Glandore harbour are several varieties of argillaceous stone. Some of the coarser kinds would answer for scythe and grinding stones. Among them is a very soft vein, apparently in a state of decomposition, which easily rubs into a very fine whitish powder. It might possibly serve, as it seems & pure argill, for works of pottery. One of its qualities has recommended it greatly to me and some of my friends. I have been in the habit of using it for a long time to sharpen razors, and find it superior to anything ever tried, Packwood's composition fipt excepted. A very small portion of it bruised,
and
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 298
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Bantry harbour fit for whole navies
Bantry · town · Cork
Bantry is listed among the principal harbours of County Cork, alongside Cork, Kinsale, and Crookhaven. Bantry is singled out as a harbour in which whole navies may ride, highlighting its exceptional capacity.
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Last, though by no means least, in a general description of the county, i* its coast, furnishing not only an abundant variety of most excellent fish for the wants of its inhabitants, but also a great number of safe and commodious harbours for their trade. The boldness of the shore, which, at a distance from the land, presents to the mariner's eye only an irregular mass of rocks, most agreeably deceives hint, in his nearer approach, by a choice of havens. A number of estuaries, 6r strands alternately covered and deserted by the tide, supplies the farmer with rich banks of calcareous sand, and enables him to cany it some way up the country in lighters. The high rocks, which guard the .coast from the foaming billows of the Atlantic, afford him by their produce something in the article of food, and a great deal in that of manure. Besides many harbours of inferior note, we reckon Cork, Kinsale, Crookbaven, and Bantry, in the last of which whole navies may ride. Ever provident to |he wants of man, nature compensates in one way
what
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 12
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Carrigaline parish churches and chapel of ease at Douglas
Carrigaline · town · Cork · 1785–1790
The parish of Carrigaline contains two churches, one of which, a chapel of ease, was erected about twenty years since at Douglas on the northern quarter to accommodate respectable inhabitants of that vicinity. There is also one parochial school of recent endowment and six Catholic schools.
Read the passage
In the rich and extensive parish of Carigaline, of which, by the favour of its noble patron the Earl of Shannon, the writer of this account has the honour to be incumbent, there is one parochial school of recent endowment and well attended. There are six Catholic schools, in which a considerable, but fluctuating number of children are instructed in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The parish contains two churches, one of which, a chapel of ease, was erected about twenty years since, at Douglas, on the northern quarter, to accommodate the respectable inhabitants of that vicinity.
As this parish, from its contiguity to Cork, and the number as well as respectability of its inhabitants, may be deemed a proper representative of the barony, in which it stands, a more particular account of it seems not undeserving the notice of the reader.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 197
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Castlelyons limestone tract in Kilnataloon
Castlelyons · town · Cork
The small barony of Kilnataloon, on the north side near Castle-Lyons, contains a limestone tract of very good quality. The greater part of the barony is coarse high moorland.
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The small barony of Kilnataloon joins Barrymore, on the east, and possesses nothing of peculiar feature or remarkable interest On the north side, near Castle-Lyons, it contains a limestone tract of very good quality. The greater part is coarse high moorland.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 204
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Christ Church tower failure, Cork
Cork · city · Cork
Christ Church in Cork had a tower of hewn stone whose foundation gave way on one side, causing an alarmingly leaning appearance. It has been lately taken down and is to be replaced on a more secure basis.
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* Christ-church had a tower of hewn stone, the foundation of which gave way at one side, and occasioned a leaning of very alarming uppearance. It has been lately taken down, and wilt, J presume* t* soon replaced upon a more secure basis.
6*2 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 243
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Clonakilty population density exceeded seven per house
Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1791–1800
The author computed that the average number of inhabitants per house in Clonakilty exceeded seven, higher than the general country rate of five and above the county-wide average of six. This indicates dense living conditions in the town.
Read the passage
From various calculations made in town and country? (If* Newenham is induced to fix the ratage of population at six to a house, which, I believe, may be considered as a just computation. In some parishes within the city of Cork the average rate ex* eeeded eight, in inferior towns he found it to be over six ; and in Clogbnikilty I compute it to exceed seven. Five to a house is the usual computation of country residents, and, in general, it seems to be a fair ratage ; Mr. Newenham's information Shews, that In several places it fells below the reality. Including therefore town and country, we
cannot
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 28
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Collier's quay at Inishannon, landing place for Bandon trade
Innishannon · town · Cork
Coal, timber, and heavy goods imported for Bandon merchants were landed at Collier's quay, a little below Inishannon on the Kinsale river, where vessels of considerable burden could approach. The flat road to Bandon inspired a proposed canal scheme.
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In addition to the trade above mentioned, the timber business was also carried on here extensively, the prices exceeding those of Cork only in the difference occasioned by a land carriage of four miles. Coal, timber, and heavy goods, imported for theBandon merchants, are landed at Collier's quay, a little below Inishannon, on the Kinsale river, to which vessels of considerable burden can approach. The road from hence to Bandon, being nearly flat, 3 b 2 suggested
372 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 124
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Cork overtakes Kinsale as premier port
Kinsale · town · Cork
Kinsale was formerly considered to possess greater port advantages than Cork due to its immediate harbour position, but Cork's navigable river ultimately proved more beneficial and engrossed almost the whole trade of the county.
Read the passage
a particular description. To this primary advantage is added the happy circumstance of a surrounding country, extensive, cultivated, and populous. Kinsale was formerly considered to possess greater port advantages than Cork, from being placed immediately on the harbour. What was primarily deemed disadvantageous, has, however, ultimately proved beneficial. Cork enjoys all the advantages of its harbour, by means of a deep and navigable river, combined with those, which arise from circumstances of internal situation, and more convenient means of supplying the general wants of the county. It has, in consequence, engrossed almost the whole of its trade, and is the mart for most articles of traffic, not only to this, but some of the neighbouring counties, particularly Kerry. Its principal exports are in the provision line, beef, pork, and butter, together with some articles connected with them, as hides, tallow, &c. This trade is of long standing, and, as far as respects beef, rather on the decline; the export of pork and bacon I should conceive to be increasing. Of late years porter and whiskey, in consequence of the establishment of great breweries and distilleries, have added considerably to its exports. The principal intercourse is with Bristol, Liverpool, and London. Its chief manufactures, besides
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 244
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Earl of Shannon's demesne and park at Castlemartyr
Castlemartyr · townland · Cork
The Earl of Shannon's demesne at Castlemartyr comprised about 800 acres, with a canal spreading in places to the size of a lake, pleasure grounds along the canal banks, and a profusion of timber. A separate park of about 400 acres on the north side contained a deep glen thickly wooded with some of the largest trees in the kingdom.
Read the passage
tensive demesne, tbat it may be all considered as coming within that description. An abundant convenience of gravel has enabled the noble proprietors to lay out a great variety of walks and rides equally conducive to health and entertainment In addition to the demesne, his lordship has a noble park at some distance from the town on the north side, consisting of about 400 acres. This contains a greater variety of gr6und, some of which is very beautiful. The most remarkable part is a deep glen, the bottom and steep sides of which are thickly wooded, and adorned with some of the largest trees in the kingdom.
The whole of the ground in his lordship's hands amounts to 1 200 acres, a demesne of immense value, when it is considered, that a very large proportion of it is rich arable, meadow, or pasture, and that all, which is not, bears a crop of almost incalculable worth in this country at present, timber. Of the demesne, properly so called, and consisting of 800 acres, 60,to 80 are generally under tillage, 80 to 100 under meadow, 200 in wood, water, and pleasure grounds, and the remainder in pasture.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 222
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Fermoy porter brewery as a local barley market
Fermoy · townland · Cork
The porter brewery at Fermoy provides a ready local market for barley, paying prices comparable to those in Cork. This allows farmers in the neighbourhood to convert their farm produce into ready money at a short distance.
Read the passage
who has amy term of the land, is in general industrious, and from the very parsimonious mode of life in general use amongst them, cannot foil to he wealthy. The rents are punctually paid. Every thing, that a farm can produce is immediately converted into ready money, at a few miles distance. The mills in the neighbourhood give within a shilling or two as much for wheat as is given in Cork; the porter brewery, at Fermoy,inthe same manner for barley; and there are many competitors for oats, hay and straw* The fairs take off any quantity of fat cattle or pigs, and the markets, potatoes, poultry, &c."
" The great staff of life is the potatoe, which is cultivated in great abundance, therefore seldom gets too dear ; the weight of twenty-one pounds is scarcely ever known to exceed six-pence, but in general is under four-pence for eight months in the year."
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 162
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Glebe-house of Moragh parish
Murragh · townland · Cork
The Rev. Ambrose Hickey, rector of Moragh, erected a new and elegant glebe-house on the north side of the river Bandon in a fertile vale. Dr. Hickey had previously built the glebe-house of Ballinaboy a few miles west.
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Not least deserving of mention among the habitations of this district, is a new and very elegant glebe-house, lately erected by the Rev. Ambrose Hickey, rector of the parish of Moragh. It is pleasantly situated on the north side of the river Bandon, near the centre of a fertile vale, extending from Castle-Bernard to the confines of Ihramanway. This is the second house of the same kind, for which tlie diocese of Cork is indebted to Dr. Hickey. Before his advancement to Moragh, he built the glebe-house of BaHyinqny, a few mile* west of his present residence. Both of them do much credit to his taste as well as industry.
CHAP.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 126
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Lough Hyne: salt-water lake with island ruins
near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork
A remarkable salt-water lake about three miles south-west of Skibbereen, nearly circular and up to fifty fathoms deep, surrounded by hills of varying heights. A small island near the middle bears ruins of an old building, and the surrounding lands belong to Lord Carbery's estate.
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To many parts of this barony nature has been sufficiently prodigal of wild and romantic beauties, in many places much impaired • by the destruction or diminution of the native woods. The scenery about the Leap at the bead of Glandore harbour, where a good deal of timber still remains, is extremely beautiful. The Hen in its very winding course from Skibbereen to Baltimore, notwithstanding the general nakedness of its shores, exhibits a great dale of agreeable and striking variety. One of the most remarkable places, which wants nothing but wood to render it as beautiful as it is singular, is a salt-water lake about three miles south-west of Skibbereen, called Loughhine. It is surrounded by hills of different forms and heights, one of which, more steep and lofty than the rest, adds much grandeur to the scene. Near the middle is a small island, rendered more picturesque by the ruins of an old building. Thehills encircle it so closely as to hide all appearance of communication with its source. The outlet, which is at a considerable dis-
, tance
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 118
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Mallow's seasonal population fluctuation
Mallow · town · Cork · 1810
Mallow's native population was considered much inferior to that of Clonakilty, but in the summer season its numbers swelled considerably when lodging houses were full, reflecting its role as a spa and seasonal resort town.
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The native population of Mallow is much inferior to that of Cloghnikilty ; in the summer seasoo, when the lodging houses are full, a considerable accession is made to its numbers*
The inhabitants of Fermoy amount to upwards of four thousand, exclusive of the military department.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 296
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Mill-street neighbourhood amid lofty mountains
Millstreet · town · Cork
The neighbourhood of Mill-street, though surrounded for the most part by lofty mountains, contained a good deal of arable land that let for higher rents than expected given its remote situation. Turf fuel was in utmost abundance and limestone was nearby.
Read the passage
garden, in which was also contained the pleasure ground.* The form land, however, was often well divided with very substantial and strong hedges. Shrubberies, gravelled walks, and greater variety of plantation are now considered as necessary appendages to every house of better description. Many new seats have lately made their appearance, particularly on approaching towards Cork, where they are too numerous for particular description* The principal of the more removed seats are those belonging to Sir Robert Warren and family, RU chard T. Rye, Esq. and further on towards Macromp, those of Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq. the Massy family, and others. Many of these are handsome and well-planted demesnes. Near Mill-street the principal seat is Westwood, the property of John Wallis, Esq. an extensive demesne, situated on the Blackwater, and richly adorned with timber. It enjoys the convenience of limestone, the staple manure of this part of the country, and from which several parts of it are very remote. The neighbourhood of Mill-street, surrounded for the
most
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog
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Population density in Cork city parishes
Cork · city · Cork · 1791
In 1791, the average number of inhabitants per house in some parishes within the city of Cork exceeded eight. This was notably higher than the county average of six and reflected dense urban living conditions.
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From various calculations made in town and country? (If* Newenham is induced to fix the ratage of population at six to a house, which, I believe, may be considered as a just computation. In some parishes within the city of Cork the average rate ex* eeeded eight, in inferior towns he found it to be over six ; and in Clogbnikilty I compute it to exceed seven. Five to a house is the usual computation of country residents, and, in general, it seems to be a fair ratage ; Mr. Newenham's information Shews, that In several places it fells below the reality. Including therefore town and country, we
cannot
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 28
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Powder-mills on Cork's river
Cork · city · Cork
Extensive powder-mills located up the river from Cork city formed a large complex resembling a town and were at the time of writing in the hands of government.
Read the passage
miles up the river are the powder-mills, forming a most extensive range of buildings, which appear rtt a distance like a large town. These are now in the hands of government.
The principal market place, nearly in the centre of the town, is large, convenient, and well planned. It is extremely well supplied with meat, 6sh, poultry, and vegetables. The price* of butcher's meat has of late years risen considerably, and the prime kinds vary less in their prices throughout the ye^r thfcn formerly. From seven pence to eight pence per pound for beef and mutton may be reck* oned the general rate of selling. Fish fluctuates much in price from the uncertain nature of the supply, depending upon weather, but is generally very reasonable. Poultry and vegetables are cheap. Salmon, the quality of which is remarkably good, has a4va&ced greatly in value, partly perhaps in consequence of the demand in Dublin, to which it * sent by the mail coaches.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 244
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Queen's Square and principal street at Fermoy
Fermoy · townland · Cork
The principal street at Fermoy, running parallel to the Blackwater, was built along with the market-house and inn, forming a square called Queen's Square. The street was extended to over a quarter of an Irish mile, intersected by five or six cross streets, and terminated at the east end by the new sessions-house.
Read the passage
" The principal street running parallel to the river, which contains the chief part of the temporary barracks, was commenced at the same time with the inn and market-house ; and some time afterwards another range of buildings, in front of the inn, was completed, so as with the two former and bridge to form a pretty extensive square.* The principal street has been since intersected, at right angles, by five or six cross streets, and extended considerably . at both extremities ; so that it now reaches above a quarter of an Irish mile in length, and is terminated, at the east end, by the very neat front of the 3 q new
• Called Qaeen's*iquare.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 166
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Rockforest, seat of Sir James Cotter
Magheranraheen or Rockforest · townland · Clare
Rockforest, the seat of Sir James Cotter, Bart., stands on the south bank of the Blackwater a few miles below Mallow. It is described as a most respectable old place, abundantly adorned with wood, like most of the seats along that river.
Read the passage
and elegant house, coated with a cement imitating hewn stone, which it rivals in beauty, and is reputed almost to equal in durability. Of the old, the principal are Rockforest, the seat of Sir James Cotter, Bt. and Mallow-castle, that of Denham Jephson, Esq, principal proprietor of the town. The former standing on the south bank of the Blackwater, a few miles below Mallow, is a most respectable old place, abundantly adorned with wood, as most of the seats on that fine river are. The latter has been long celebrated for the peculiarly neat and admirable arrangement of the grounds, divided into large and regular fields, surrounded by a double fence of quicks, with a great walk between. Every field is also encompassed by hedgerow trees of great size, exclusive of many others more irregularly intermixed. As a ferine orn€, (so it has been appropriately termed by Mr, Young,) it is not, perhaps, exceeded by any demesne in the kingdom.
Doneraile, six miles N.E. from Mallow, hardly
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 178
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Rosscarbery: ancient seat of learning with cathedral and spire
Ross Carbery · town · Cork
Rosscarbery is described as a town of great antiquity, more celebrated in former times as a seat of learning than of trade. It is situated on a rocky eminence nearly surrounded by a strand, with a cathedral adorned with a new spire on its eastern side.
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Ross Carbery, a town of great antiquity, has been more celebrated in former times as a seat of learning than of trade, though tradition assigns it the benefit of a harbour, * which has been long since choaked with sand. It is situated on a rocky eminence, projecting to the southt ana> nearly surrounded by a strand. In the centre of the town is a pretty large square, with four narrow streets diverging from its angles. There are some new slate houses, but the greater number are of very inferior description. It is chiefly inhabited by weavers, whose trade,, for the reasons above mentioned, now scarcely suffices for their support. It had formerly a barrack with a regular fortification for one or twp companies of foot, the lease of which government did not think proper to renew, though it appears to have been an eligible situation. On the east stands the cathedral, adorned with a new spire, and embosomed in trees, a very striking and beautiful object to travellers approaching from that side. The towu-
belongs
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 112
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St. Finbar's religious house and cathedral in Cork
Cork · city · Cork · 600–700
The city of Cork once had no fewer than six religious houses, one of which was said to have been founded in the seventh century by St. Finbar, who also founded the cathedral. The buildings were completed by Gillffida, one of the succeeding bishops.
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The number of religious houses in this county, whose traces are discoverable in records, or in ruiijs, was once very considerable. Most of these were built since the invasion of Henry the second, and owe their existence to the descendants of the English adventurers. The city of Cork had no less than six, one of which is said to have been founded in the seventh century by St. Finbar, founder also of the cathedral. The buildings were completed by Gill- -ffida, one of the succeeding bishops, whose name
il
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 44
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The Cork Institution chartered
Cork · city · Cork
The Cork Institution was recently incorporated by charter to apply science to social utility, delivering public lectures on chemistry, botany, and agriculture, and maintaining a botanical garden. It promoted agriculture through bounties encouraging skill and industry among the lower classes.
Read the passage
Among the institutions of later date, and which comes more peculiarly within the scope of the present undertaking, is that, which has lately been incorporated by charter, undei the name of the Cork Institution. Its proposed object is the application of science to purposes of important utility to social life, and under the auspices of its present conductors, and the patronage of a liberal government,
OF THE COUNTY OF COlUc. 637
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 245
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Timber prices in Cork timber-yards
Cork · city · Cork
The suspension of the Baltic trade caused the price of timber to rise significantly. In the timber-yards of Cork, the price fluctuated between ten and fifteen pounds per ton.
Read the passage
is the principal gainer, the mention of it here seems not to be ill placed. Of these, extensive woodlands, mostly consisting of oak, Mr, Hyde possesses the far greatest portion. A great part of this contains very old and gross timber. 80 great an abundance has, however, prescribed no limits to its increase. Grounds still remain for planting, and, on the southeast side of Fermoy, the industry of both Mr. Hyda and Mr. Anderson has conspired to cover a very great extent of coarse land with various forest trees. The suspension of the Baltic trade has raised the price of timber, particularly pine, to such a height, that it is hard to farm an estimate of its value. In the timber-yards of Cork, it has lately fluctuated between ten and fifteen pounds per ton. Irish fir, of tolerable quality, will now bring, at least, the former price. Mr. Hyde sold a considerable number of old Scotch firs, last winter; at «£8 per ton, in order to get rid of them expeditiously. Pre* vious to the late rise, the general price was very moderate ; but it is not easy to calculate the rate, as none but that in the timber-yards was sold by measure.
It has been observed in the geological account, that the limestone tracts, inclosed between ranges of high hills, owe the greatest part, if not the entire,
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 157
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Boarding school founded at Fermoy by clergyman
Fermoy · townland · Cork
The clergyman of Fermoy, with proper assistants, made an experiment to establish a respectable boarding school, which succeeded beyond sanguine expectations. The proprietors subsequently provided suitable accommodations for an extensive establishment.
Read the passage
u It would be improper, perhaps, in this place to omit the experiment, that was lately made by the clergyman of Fermoy, with proper assistants, to establish a respectable boarding school there, which, of all the situations in this county, is perhaps the least exceptionable for this purpose. The attempt has hitherto succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectations of those concerned ; so much so, that suitable accommodations have been lately provided by the proprietors for an extensive establishment
3 s 2 of
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 173
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Castlehyde agricultural improvements by John Hyde
Castlehyde · townland · Cork
John Hyde is praised as a modern improved agriculturist who introduced better farming styles to the neighbourhood, using Devon cattle, the Scotch swing plough, and stall-feeding with turnips. His young plantations are noted for health and vigour, and his limestone farmland is highly cultivated.
Read the passage
Hands principally on the south side of the river, and occupies so great a tract, as to render it a • matter of some difficulty to estimate its value. — k Planting nevertheless, among other agricultural pursuits, continues to engage much of Mr. Hyde's attention, and does credit to his judgment; for nothing can exceed the health and vigour of the young plantations. The situation of the bouse, enlarged aud modernized at great expence, is low, yet commands a pretty view, the river running close in -front, and the grounds gradually rising on the opposite side. A natural crescent of limestone rock, covered with trees and shrubs, guards it on the north side, and such is the protection it experiences in every direction, either from land or trees, that the storm may rage from any point, not unheard, perhaps, but certainly unfelt. The farm-land is principally on the north side of the house, and comprises a considerable extent of limestone ground, excellent in quality ?md highly cultivated. Mr. Hyde's character stands very high in the class of modern and improved agriculturists. He has taken pains to procure and try every kind of implement, and contributed much to the introduction of a better style of farming into the neighbourhood. The Devon breed of cattle have been found very thrifty, and excellent workers. He makes use of
the
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 182
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Castle Hyde marble quarries
Castlehyde · townland · Cork
Castle Hyde possesses the finest marble in the county, characterised by a dark grey colour with various shades and a rich display of shells. Mr. Hyde retains the finest piece, while chimney pieces made from it are sold in Cork.
Read the passage
being for the most part compact, close-grained, and capable of a good polish. The quarries in the vicinity of Cork yield a grey marble, interspersed with white veins, and much used for common chimney pieces. The extensive limestone tract, on the north side of the Blackwater, affords a greater as well as a richer variety. I have seen many curious specimens found in different places, but that of Castle Hyde is the handsomest of any, that has yet been submitted to the hands of the workman. Ifc is of a dark grey colour, with various shades, and a rich display of shells. Chimney pieces of this marble may be purchased in some of the stone-yards of Cork; the finest is in the possession of Mr. Hyde himself. It is probable, that the marble of this cpunty will hereafter become a commodity of valuable requisition. Things derive an artificial value from their rarity or remoteness. The marble I have been describing would bring a great price, if it was only to be procured in Greece, or Italy. All our marble is qf a mixed colour. Pure white is seen only in narrow veins, n$r have any large blocks been yet found of a single colour. Here as well as in some parts of the county of Kerry, rivers often mark the liniits of the limestone tract. The Blackwater, in its course from Millstreet to Fermoy, runs at the south side of the limestone for f be far greater part of the way. Between Castlemore
•Mid
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 8
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Charles II charter omits Cove as a town
Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1660–1685
The charter of Middleton, granted by Charles II and enumerating all Lord Middleton's estates in the Cork harbour quarter, makes no mention of a town at Cove, indicating the settlement's late origins as a significant place.
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• In the charter of Middleton, granted by Charles tbe second, and enumerating all Lord Middleton's estates in this quarter, do mention is made of a town at Core.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 210
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Cork market place and food prices
Cork · city · Cork
The principal market place in the centre of Cork was well supplied with meat, fish, poultry, and vegetables. Beef and mutton sold at seven to eight pence per pound, while salmon had advanced greatly in price partly due to Dublin demand via mail coach.
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The principal market place, nearly in the centre of the town, is large, convenient, and well planned. It is extremely well supplied with meat, 6sh, poultry, and vegetables. The price* of butcher's meat has of late years risen considerably, and the prime kinds vary less in their prices throughout the ye^r thfcn formerly. From seven pence to eight pence per pound for beef and mutton may be reck* oned the general rate of selling. Fish fluctuates much in price from the uncertain nature of the supply, depending upon weather, but is generally very reasonable. Poultry and vegetables are cheap. Salmon, the quality of which is remarkably good, has a4va&ced greatly in value, partly perhaps in consequence of the demand in Dublin, to which it * sent by the mail coaches.
The rajfid advancement of Cork in buildings, population, and opulence, tho' promoted by many <;on~ spiring causes, is principally imputable to the convenience of its navigable river, and the supreme excellence of its port, too well known to require
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 244
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Decline of fisheries at Courtmacsherry Bay
near Courtmacsherry Bay · bay · Cork
Courtmacsherry Bay was formerly a major resort for pilchards, mackerel, and salmon, but pilchards have entirely deserted it for many years. The remaining fish species are diminishing daily, causing alarm among fishermen who despair of their return.
Read the passage
in number, and hardly repay the expence of pursuit. Whether this failure be owing to temporary or permanent causes, it is difficult to determine. That of salmon is easily accounted for from the various modes of destruction, to which they are exposed on ascending the rivers, and the very culpable disregard of the laws enacted for the preservation of the breed. When one considers the immense swarms of the other kinds, that fill the ocean, and the trifling diminution of that abundance by human art, there seems reason to hope, that their former abundance may be One day restored. Their gradual disappearance is become a cause of serious alarm, and induces the fishermen to despair of their return. Last season was peculiarly barren ; the latter part of this has been somewhat more productive. The internal consumption of potatoes, farming almost the whole subsistence of man, and no inconsiderable part of that of other animals, is necessarily very great. Pigs and poultry feed almost entirely on them, horses and cows very much. About eight tons of potatoes, per annum, may be allowed for the consumption of a hquse, the rich farmers consuming more, the poor something less. This will give a yearly consumption of nearly 25,000 tons. The potatoe most esteemed for flavour and dura* x -bility, and consequently Jthe most cultivated, is the
*pple,
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 70
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Limestone geography of the southern vale
Castlemore · townland · Cork
A range of limestone runs through the southern vale of Muskerry, reaching Castlemore, eleven miles west of Cork, where it sinks into the ground before re-appearing further west in a large turf-bog.
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Through the northern of these runs the river Lee, eastward towards Cork ; through the southern the river Bride takes its course, falling into the Lee five miles above that city. The hills are all arable, but the soil is in general shallow, and in most places intermixed with 'small stones. Through the centre of the southern vale there is a range of limestone, which reaches to Castlemore, eleven miles west of Cork. There it sinks,* and at a distance of six miles to the westward rises again in a large and deep turf-bog, where it forms a sort of island of about five hundred acres. Two miles beyond this in the same direction it re-appears, but in a much smaller body, after which it is not found in a western course nearer than Glanerogh, on the river Kenmare, the position of which seems to accord with the line of this. In the western part of Muskerry the hills do not run so regularly parallel as in the eastern.
This
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog
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Limestone unique to Carrigaline in the district
Carrigaline · town · Cork
Carrigaline is identified as the only place in the district where limestone is found. Despite this, sea sand remains the preferred manure there, as it serves nearly the same purpose and is procured on easier terms than lime.
Read the passage
The working beast of this district universally is the horse, lately much improved in size and strength, since wheel carriages became general. Great numbers are employed during summer in drawing sea sand, even to the remotest parts of the district, Carigaline being the only place where limestone is found. Even there it has not precluded the use of this manure, which answers nearly the same pur- . pose, and is procured upon easier terms than lime. Sand was here formerly, as it still is in many other places, carried on horses* backs, in bags containing about two hundred weight It is now universally drawn in one horse carts, that carry from five to six hundred. Twenty of these carry a boat load, which «is bought at the place of landing for half a guinea. In rerrtote situations one boat-load is the complement of manure for an acre ; when the carriage is .short, they often give two. The sand chiefly used is. taken up at Oyster-haven, from deep water, with dredges, and, being principally composed of shell, contains a large portion of the calcareous .ingredient.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 192
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Lord Cork proposes third bridge over north branch of the Lee
Cork · city · Cork
A third bridge over the north branch of the river above the old one is contemplated under the auspices of Lord Cork, who has a large estate in that neighbourhood. The toll income from the existing new bridge rose from about £500 to an estimated £2000, demonstrating the rapid improvement of the quarter.
Read the passage
computed from the great increase of the yearly rent arising from the tolls. For some years the income hardly amounted to <£500; it is now, I believe, considered to be worth «f2000. This circumstance clearly shows the expediency of improving and increasing the approaches to the city. I understand that it is in contemplation to erect a third bridge oter the north branch of the river, above the old one, udder the auspices of Lord Cork, who has a large estate in that neighbourhood.
The population of this city is computed to aiftbafit to 80,000 souls.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 246
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Macroom Castle repaired and furnished by Robert Hedges Eyre
Macroom · town · Cork
Macroom Castle is a stately building, lately repaired and suitably furnished by its present possessor, Robert Hedges Eyre. It remains inhabited and is among the principal old castles still in use.
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jSpme of the old castles remain entire, and are still inhabited. The principal, of these are Blarney, Macromp, and Lohort. The first belonging to Charles St John Jeffries, Esq. is pne of the finest buildings of this description, and was once the favourite residence of the earls of Clancarty, by -an ancestor of whom it was built. It stands on a limestone rock, under which a river flows, and on the other side is surrounded by Ipfty trees, over Mj^ich the castle proudly tower?. To this, as well as to some others, a duelling house, the addition of m#re tranquil times, has been joined, by which means its accommodation is not inferior to its magnificence. That -of Macromp is also a stately building, lately repaired, and suitably furnished, by Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq. the present possessor. The castle of Lohort, a few miles north-west of Mallow, stands embosomed in trees, on a high and commanding
^■P"
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 48
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Midleton, a well-built town between Cork and Youghal
Midleton · town · Cork
Midleton, situated midway between Cork and Youghal, was a pretty and well-built town with water carriage advantages via a branch of the estuary. It was the property of its noble proprietor, an indulgent and liberal landlord with a large estate nearby.
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Middleton, situated midway between Cork and Youghall, the property of the noble lorq1 to whom it gives title, is a pretty and well built town. It has the advantage of water carriage, by means of a branch of the estuary surrounding the Great island, tand stands in a very fair and fertile country. These circumstances, but for the unfavourable proximity of Cork, would soon render it a place of some importance. It is, however, advancing under the auspices of its noble proprietor, who has a large estate in this neighbourhood, and is an indulgent and liberal landlord. Near Middleton are many pleasant seats, one of them belonging to his lordship, an old family residence, and now in the occupancy of his agent Thomas Poole, Esq. Near this is a farm of 4 1- consider-
&W STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 220
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Sea-court, Lord Bantry's residence
Bantry · town · Cork
Sea-court, the chief seat of the Bantry district, is Lord Bantry's residence, pleasantly situated near the town on the south side of the bay. The house is low and well sheltered, commanding a fine view of the bay, with thriving plantations around it.
Read the passage
The chief seat of the district is Sea-court, Lord Bantry's residence, pleasantly situated near tha town,oiuthe south side of the hay, The plantations appear to thrive well aboi^ the house, which, though commanding a fine view of the bay, is low and well sheltered. The peculiarity el the soil on some^parts of the demesne is deserving of notice. The higher parts, which from their steep and sloping form should appear to be very dry, are for the greater part of the year extremely wet and spewy,not in con*
sequence
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 135
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Square rath near Castlefreke
near Castlefreke · street · Cork
A second square rath near Castlefreke is much larger in size and differs from the common circular rath only in its form. It is noted as one of the few examples of non-circular rath enclosures.
Read the passage
the snirounding land. The banks, that inclose it, are very different from those of the circular inclosures. Instead of being steep on the outside, awl sloping S*»t!y inwards towards the centre, they art equally steep within and without The present height of these banks is about nine feet, and their breadth not much greater than that <A many field inclosures. There is no appearance of moat or deep ditch round it, ooly the ground immediately outside the banks is somewhat lower than the test, apparently in consequence of having torched materials for the inclosing. This is probably an ancient work, but its particular destination seems to be uncertain. There is another square rath, near Castlefreke, of much larger size, and difle i ; from the common rath in nothing bat it* form.
106 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 34
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Twelve threshing machines in barony of Barrymore
Barrymore · barony · Cork
Threshing machines, once confined to a few men of fortune, were becoming more common and affordable in the barony of Barrymore. Twelve machines had been erected in the barony, where George Tisdall resided, with his own costing about £40.
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Having incidentally mentioned threshing machines, whifh till lately were confined to a few men qf fortune, I am to add that their use is in some places becoming more frequent, and the scale of their cotistruction much reduced both in size and price. They promise to be of great advantage to such as cultivate largely. Mr. Tisdall has a very good one erected for about £40. He informs me that there are now twelve in the barony of Barrymore, in which he resides. To petty farmers, in the more populous parts, they seem to be altogether inappropriate.
APPENDIX. **
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 306
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Youghal incorporated under Edward IV by Earl of Desmond
Youghal · town · Cork
Youghal was incorporated at an early date by Edward IV through the interest of the great Earl of Desmond, whose family later lost vast possessions due to turbulence. The town also received charters from succeeding sovereigns, the last from James I.
Read the passage
summer visitants, and the circumstance of a mail coach to Cork adds much $o the facility of intercourse. The town was incorporated at an early date by, Edward the fourth, . through the interest of die great earl of Desmond, sp called from those vast possessions, -of which the family were subse- - quently deprived by their turbulence. It received charters also from succeeding sovereigns, the last of which is from James the first, who confirmed some and added other privileges. The corporation has since consisted of mayor, burgesses, and commonalty. It sends one mjeipber to the United Parliament. Middle ton and Castlemartyr were also boroughs before the Union. Among occurrences apparently trivial, but rendered memorable by succeeding utility, is the honour it claims of having produced die first potatoes grown in Ireland. They* were brought over from Virginia by the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, who passed some time in this neighbourhood, and experienced from the earl of Cork such a measure of generous assistance and hospitable reception as called forth his most grater ful acknowledgments. The person who first planted the potatoes, taking the seed or apple for the es* culent part, was much disappointed, it is said, at the result of his experiment. The roots, however, being
* * Sec &nitb'« History of Cork,
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 220
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Youghall harbour and trade
Youghal · town · Cork
Youghall, the largest town in Imokilly, sits on a harbour where the Blackwater empties into the ocean. Its trade is reduced to little more than coasting business due to Cork's superiority, but it ships large quantities of grain and supplies Cork with brick and coarse earthenware.
Read the passage
affords a pleasant place in fine weather for exercise and recreation. The great superiority of Cork, engrossing all the foreign trade, reduces that of Toughall to little more than the coasting business. The natural form of the ground is not advantageous to the site of a large town. Youghall, like Kinsale, stands at the foot of a long and steep hill, which leaves but a narrow space of ground for the erection of houses. Besides grain, of which large quantities are here shipped, it supplies Cork with brick of much better quality than its own, and also with some coarse earthen ware. Youghall stands near tlie eastern extremity of the district at the nortli side of the range of redstone hill, which runs in a western direction to Cork. The approach over this lull, particularly on tbe Youghall side, is very steep, and requires to be altered or amended. The rest of the road to Cork, 24 miles distant, is one of the best and most level in the county. Indeed the Fmokilly roads are generally very good. The country abounds with the best materials, stone and gravel, and the gentlemen pay a proper regard to their repairs.
Youghall is also recommended as a place of some pleasure and fashion. It has many good bouses and respectable inhabitants, a well established bank, and a handsome assembly room* The convenience of its situation for sea-bathing is a great inducement to
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 219
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Cork's trade and exports
Cork · city · Cork
Cork's principal exports were beef, pork, butter, hides, and tallow, with porter and whiskey recently added through new breweries and distilleries. The chief trade connections were with Bristol, Liverpool, and London.
Read the passage
a particular description. To this primary advantage is added the happy circumstance of a surrounding country, extensive, cultivated, and populous. Kinsale was formerly considered to possess greater port advantages than Cork, from being placed immediately on the harbour. What was primarily deemed disadvantageous, has, however, ultimately proved beneficial. Cork enjoys all the advantages of its harbour, by means of a deep and navigable river, combined with those, which arise from circumstances of internal situation, and more convenient means of supplying the general wants of the county. It has, in consequence, engrossed almost the whole of its trade, and is the mart for most articles of traffic, not only to this, but some of the neighbouring counties, particularly Kerry. Its principal exports are in the provision line, beef, pork, and butter, together with some articles connected with them, as hides, tallow, &c. This trade is of long standing, and, as far as respects beef, rather on the decline; the export of pork and bacon I should conceive to be increasing. Of late years porter and whiskey, in consequence of the establishment of great breweries and distilleries, have added considerably to its exports. The principal intercourse is with Bristol, Liverpool, and London. Its chief manufactures, besides
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 244
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Author obtains living of Cloghnakilty, 1786
Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1786
The author obtained the living of Cloghnakilty in 1786 through the recommendation of the late Earl of Shannon. The benefice lacked a suitable residence, prompting Lord Shannon to accommodate the author with a villa.
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In the year 1786 I obtained the living of Cloghnikilty, through the recommendation of the late Earl of Shannon, whose bounty, as. well as that of his successor, exceeding alike my merits and my expectations, fyas continued to Sow not only without interruption, but with increase. Among other favours, the benefice being destitute of any suitable residence, his lordship was pleased to accommodate
me
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 90
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Barnahely seat of Thomas Warren
Barnahely · townland · Cork
Near Ballybrichen stands Barnahely, the seat of Thomas Warren, Esq., a gentleman whose style of farming is conducted on the best principles of modern art and managed with much judgment and attention.
Read the passage
On the east side of Carigaline, Ballybrichen, the property of Mr. Conner, commanding a noble view of Cork harbour, is particularly distinguished for beauty of situation. Near this stands Barnahely, the seat of Thomas Warren, Esq. a gentleman, whose style of farming is conducted on die best principles of modern art, and managed with much more judgment and attention than gentlemen of fortune usually bestow. Among the other more distinguished agriculturists of this quarter are, Mr. Cuthbert, Mr. Hartie, Mr. Westropp, and Mr. Wm. Bustred* From these and some other patterns of
skilful
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 199
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Cork city quarries and building stone
Cork · city · Cork
The quarries near Cork supply an abundance of good building stone, notable for a brighter red colour than observed elsewhere, though the stone is generally hard to work due to closely adhering laminae. These quarries serve the city's construction needs despite the local lack of suitable roofing slate.
Read the passage
the limestone through its entire course, after which it proceeds westward till it loses itself in the mountains. On the north side of the city this stone occupies the whole of that great and elevated tract, which lies between the vale of Cork and the Blackwater comprehending the principal parts of the baronies of Barrymore, Barretts, Kilnataloon, and Muskerry. Though red, of which there are different shades, be the general and predominant hue, it admits of some occasional varieties, both in colour and texture. Even in the same vein the red is not always continuous, but changes into a light colour without altering the texture of the stone. All this tract, as well as the calcareous districts, labours under the disadvantage of wanting house slates, the fed stone, though a shistus and affording good flags, being very seldom sufficiently tractable for roofing. The quarries near Cork, where the colour is brighter than I have elsewhere observed, supply abundance of good stone for building, but generally hard to be worked, the laminae or folds adhering very closely to each other. The position of these laminae agrees with the general conformation already taken notice of, though it appears somewhat more irregular in its structure than the southern shistus.
4thly. — The grey stone district. This comprehends the far greater portion of that part of the county, which lies south of the vale of Cork. The H2 line
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 19
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Great piles of human bones in Cork abbeys
Buttevant · town · Cork
Great piles of human bones are found in the abbeys of Buttevant, Timoleague, and Kilcrea. Tradition reports that those at Buttevant were brought from a field of battle in the neighbourhood, which may account for the other collections as well.
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. In the three last abbeys are great piles of huma* bones, for the collection of which it is not easy to account Tradition, silent respecting two of them, reports that those at Buttevant were brought from a field of battle in die neighbourhood. This, if Well founded, may account also for the other collections. It se? ms more consistent with the pious regard ge-
* nerally
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 47
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Kilbrittain demesne: wooded glens and sea view of Courtmacsherry Bay
near Kilbrittain · street · Cork
The Kilbrittain house commands a view of Courtmacsherry Bay, with the tide washing the southern extremity of the demesne. The eminence is severed from surrounding hills by deep glens richly furnished with wood, presenting a display of rarely combined beauties.
Read the passage
It commands a view of Courtmasherry-bay, from which the tide flowing up in a narrow channel washes the southern extremity of the demesne. The eminence, on which the house stands, is severed, on the east and we*t sides, from the surrounding hills by deep glens, richly furnished with wood, which in some places rises almost to their tops. The variety of its grounds, and the quantity of its timber, joined with the advantage of a sea view, present a display of beauties rarely combined in one assemblage.
A little to the east of Kilbritain is Barieyfield, tfie seat of Robert Sealy, Esq. The house, built a few years since by the present possessor, is larga and commodious, the demesne well laid out and adorned with a good deal of flourishing plantation. There are other gentlemen's seats in this part of the barony, which it is less necessary to particularize.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 114
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Land improvement on Duke of Devonshire's estate near Bandon
Bandon · town · Cork
Hilly lands near Bandon on the north side, part of the Duke of Devonshire's estate, received a degree of improvement almost beyond their apparent capability, owing to the convenience of the town's manure and the persevering industry of its inhabitants. The barony of Kinalmeaky, once part of Carbery, contained 52 parishes and 19,273 acres.
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KINALMtfAKY, a small barony, once forming a pact of Carbery, which it joins on the north-east quarter, contains 5V parishes, 62 plowlands, and 19273 acres plantation measure. So late as the beginning of the seventeenth century, it was a mere wild, overgrown and encumbered with woods and bogs, affording shelter and security only to wolves and robbers. Though, like the rest of the country, pretty generally reclaimed, and containing a great number of inhabitants, many parts are still coarse and rugged, and retain traces of their wild and woodland state. The hilly parts, which constitute the far greater proportion, are for the most part poor, shallow, and stony. Some of those near Bandon on the north side, the Duke of Devonshire's
3*0 STATISTICAL $tJRV£¥
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 121
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Land values and working farmers near Cork
Cork · city · Cork
Town fields near Cork let at four or five guineas per acre, while contiguous land occupied by working farmers seldom exceeds 40 shillings. The author considers 20 shillings per acre a more accurate average for the county's real yearly value, given its rough and mountainous character.
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The diligence employed it} collecting the informatron, on which this estimate is founded, renders it extremely probable that the result is not far from the truth. Accurate ascertainment of value, where so much variety subsists, is obviously unattainable. As far as general circumstances go, the average, I believe, is very fairly stated. A judgment, formed upon no inconsiderable degree both of local and general knowledge, induces ipe to think, that the last is the most questionable article of the catalogue. The argillaceous tracts, comprizipg a large proportion of the county, contain so great an intermixture of hill, dale, aud unprofitable ground, that, even with the accompaniment of the limestone soils, c£\l 1 4s. seems to be too high an average. Lands adjoining towns, and not constituting toww parks, are rated too high for every place but Cork. The quantity of ground, which there lets at a much higher rent, is certainly very considerable; the vi-, cinity of the smaller towns enhances tlie value of land, but in a very inferior degree. The town fields often bring four or five guineas per acre*, contiguous land in the occupation of working farmers seldom exceeds 40s. Upon a general view of the county, so large a portion _of which is rough, rocky, and mountainous, I am inclined to think, that 20s. per acre is a pretty ample allowance for its real yearly value.
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 295
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Limestone quarry used to build Fermoy
Fermoy · townland · Cork
A quarry on the south side of Fermoy provided a great quantity of stone for building the town. The proprietor later covered the unsightly rock with earth to form a plantation.
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Large blocks of limestone are frequently found on the mountain side of the vale, in beds of clay or gravel, resting on the primitive rock. — > From a quarry of this description, on the south side of Fermoy, a great quantity .of stone has been raised for building the town. The -un* sightly appearance of this rock induced the proprietor, ever attentive to all that can contribute to ornament or use, to cover it with earth, thrown from the upper part of the hill, for the purpose of forming a plantation. I was surprised to see, among the stuff thus hurled down, a considerable number of limestones, some pretty large, evidently rounded by attrition, a proof of their having been removed by the force of water. — The same is , observable in many places higher up. The height, at which they are found, does pot, I believe, exceed the height of the lime- 3 n 2 stqne
460 STATISTICAL SURVEY
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog, Chapter 158
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Limestone vein at Carrigaline bridge
Carrigaline · town · Cork
A continuation of a southern limestone vein is found at Carrigaline, where it sinks near Carrigaline bridge and does not reappear to the westward despite a long line of valley in that direction.
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* Though the re-appearance of limestone in the same line of western .direction may induce a belief, that the vein is continuous, I am of •pinion that they are distinct and separate strata. What the limestone of this county rests upon, is yet to be ascertained ; probably on some primary rocks of granite, sbistus, or grit ; but I know no instance of the latter being incumbent on limestone. The limestone ef Blarney has no corresponding re-appearance either to the cast or west That of jCarigalii*, which is a continuation of the southern hnokilly vein, sinks near Carigaline bridge, and never re-appears to the westward, though there it a tery long line of failey in that direction* ,
. OF THE COUNTY OF CORK. 651
Internet Archive statisticalsurv11socigoog
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