A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Longford castle captured by insurgents in 1641

   Longford · town · Longford · 1641

   The castle of Longford, noted for its strength as a post of importance, was taken by the insurgents for the O'Farrels or O'Ferrals in 1641, and the garrison was put to the sword. The abbey lands were finally granted to Francis, Viscount Valentia, in 1615 by James I.

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   LONGFORD, a market and post town, the head of a union, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the parish of Te.mplemichael, )artly in the barony of Longford, but chiefly in that of Ard.\gh, county of Longford (of which it is the chief town), and province of Leinster, '20 miles (X. W.) from Mullingar, and 5Si (W.N. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Carrick-on-Shannon ; containing 4966 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Athfadha, was at a very early period the site of a monastery, of which St. Idus, a disciple of St. Patrick, was abbot ; and in 1400 a Dominican abbey was founded here in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by O'Ferral, Prince of Annaly. The latter building was destroyed by fire in 14'29; and Pope Martin V., and his successor, Eugene IV., granted indulgences to all who should contribute to its restoration. The establishment appears to have subsisted till the Dissolution, after which it was successively granted to different parties in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, and was finally given to Francis, Viscount Valentia, in 16I5, by James I., who had previously allowed a market and fair to be held at this place. Francis, Lord Aungier, becoming proprietor of the town, obtained from the same monarch the grant of an additional market, and two more fairs, in I6l9. The castle, which from its strength had become a post of Vol. II.— 373

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   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 108

2. Longford county gaol built 1825

   Longford · town · Longford · 1825

   A gaol was erected in Longford town in 1825 on the radiating principle, designed for prisoner classification. It contained day-rooms, airing-yards, a tread-mill, separate cells, looms for weavers, and instruction by a schoolmaster and matron.

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   The corporation, which was dissolved by the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. lOS, consisted of a sovereign, two bailiffs, 12 burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeantsat-mace, and inferior officers. The sovereign, who might appoint a deputy, and was a justice of the peace, coroner, and clerk-of-the-market, and the bailiffs, were chosen annually from the burgesses on the Monday after Christmas-day, and sworn into oflice on the Monday after the 29th of September ; the burgesses filled up vacancies as they occurred, by a majority of their own body, by whom also freemen were admitted ; the recorder and town-clerk were appointed by the lord of the manor, who was patron of the borough and generally sovereign, and the inferior olficers by the corporation. The corporation, by their charter, returned two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The manor courts have fallen almost into disuse, trifling causes only being summarily decided by the seneschal ; and the corporation, for some time previously to its dissolution, exercised but few municipal functions, having little more than a nominal existence. A court was held by the deputy-sovereign on Monday and Saturday, chiefly for the adjustment of claims for labour. The assizes for the county are held here regularly, and the quarter-sessions alternately here and at Ballymahon ; petty-sessions are held at Newtown- Forbes, about 2^ miles distant, and there is a chief constabulary police station in the town. The courthouse is a neat building. A gaol, well adapted to the classification of prisoners, was erected in 1825, on the radiating principle, and contains 8 day-rooms and airingyards (in one of which is a tread-mill), with separate cells for the prisoners, who are instructed by the schoolmaster and matron ; three looms are also kept in the gaol, for the employment of such as can weave. To the north-east of the tow7i is Carrickglass, the handsome seat of the Right Hon. T. Lefroy, LL.D., a baron of the exchequer; the demesne of which is watered by the Camlin : in the vicinity are likewise Mount Jessop, the residence of the Jessop family ; Clonbolt, of the Armstrongs ; and, about two miles distant, Castle Forbes, the seat of the Earl of Grauard. The parish church, a handsome edifice, is situated in the town ; and there are a Roman Catholic chapel, and places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and Wcsleyan Methodists. The county infirmary and dispensary are in the town, and there are 12 houses, built by Lord Longford, inhabited rent-free by the poor. The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6|- acres held at a rent of £35, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £"000, and is constructed to contain 1000 paupers. The town gives the title of Baron to the Takenham family.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 108

3. Long Island split by tempest in 830

   near Long Island · townland · Cork · 830

   Long Island, formerly called Innisfadda and the 'Isle of Dogs,' lies off the south-west Cork coast near Schull. Tradition holds that in 830 a violent tempest caused the sea to break over the island, splitting it into three parts.

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   LONG-ISLAND, in the parish of Skull, union of Skibbereen, Western division of the barony of West C.\RBERY, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Skull, and on the south-west coast ; containing about 260 inhabitants. It was formerly called Innisfadda (the Irish for Long-Island), and the " Isle of Dogsj" and it is traditionally stated that, in 830, such 274

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 108

4. Loop Head lighthouse on the Shannon mouth

   Loop Head · promontory · Clare

   On the summit of Loop Head at the mouth of the Shannon stands a lighthouse whose lantern is 269 feet above high water, exhibiting a brilliant fixed light from 15 lamps. The headland forms the south-western extremity of Kilballyhone parish.

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   KILBALLYHONE, or Kilballyowen, a parish, in the union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 13 miles (S. W.) from Kilrush, and on the western coast ; containing 4346 inhabitants, of whom 188 are in the village. This parish is situated at the south-western extremity of the county, and, being bounded on one side by the Atlantic Ocean and on the other by the river Shannon, forms a peninsula, which terminates in the promontory called Cape Lean or Loop Head. It also comprises the headlands of Dunmore and Kilclogher, and the harbour of Kilbaha on the Shannon ; and its north-western shore constitutes part of the Malbay coast, on which numerous shipwrecks have occurred. The peninsula is exposed to the whole ocean swell, which here sets in with great violence in west or southerly winds, particularly when accompanied by the "rollers," a periodical visitation. Loop Head is situated at the mouth of the Shannon, in lat. 52° 33' 13", and long. 9° 54': on its summit is a lighthouse, the lantern of which is 269 feet above the sea at high water, and exhibits a brilliant fixed light from 15 lamps. The parish comprises 10,835 statute acres ; the land is chiefly in tillage, but there is a considerable portion of coarse pasture, with some patches of bog. Sea-weed and sand are extensively used for manure, and the state of agriculture is gradually improving. Samphire of superior quality is found on the cliffs at Clehansevan. Kilballyhone is in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is partly impropriate in the representative of Lord Castlecoote, and the remainder forms part of the corps of the prebend of Tom-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 12

5. Lord Brandon's imitation round tower at Cameduff

   Gearhameen · townland · Kerry

   In the sequestered valley of Cameduff near Gheramine, the late Lord Brandon built a tower forty feet high in imitation of Ireland's ancient round towers. Ascended by an interior ladder, it commands extensive views of the valley, lakes, and surrounding mountains.

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   This Upper Lake is about two miles and a half in length, and, from its numerous indentations, of very irregular breadth ; it is thickly studded with islands, and from its being almost entirely surrounded by mountains, the scenery differs greatly from that of the two other lakes. To the south, the Cromiglaun mountain rises from its very margin ; and immediately behind is the Esknamuckii, from which a considerable stream, falling into the lake, forms a picturesque cascade. West of Cromiglaun is Demjctinnihy, from which, also, falls the beautiful cascade of that name ; and in a small glen, between it and the lake, is the pretty cottage of the late Rev. Mr. Hyde, occupying a highly romantic and secluded situation, and commanding a view of Derrycunnihy cascade, and its rocky and richly wooded glen. To the west of Derrycunnihy, and separated by the river Kavoge, is Derrydimnagh mountain, covered on one of its sides by a dense wood ; and in the distance, towards the south-west, are seen the Coombui mountains, and those of Barnasna more to the west, and to the north-west Bawn and Mac Gillycuddy's Reeks. The nearest of the last to the lake is Gheramine, at the base of which is the entrance to the sequestered valley of Camedujf, watered by a river navigable to the late Lord Brandon's boat-house, whence a pathway leads to Gheramine Cottage, embosomed in woods. On an eminence in the grounds is a tower, 40 feet high, erected by his lordship in imitation of the ancient round towers of Ireland, and from whose summit, ascended by a ladder in the interior, an extensive view is commanded of the valley and lakes of Cameduff, the mountains that inclose them, the islands of the Upper Lake, and Tore mountain in the distance. To the north of the lake is the Purple Mountain, so called from the colour of the strata of shivered slate on its surface ; and to the north-east is the " Long Range," backed by the mountains of Glenk and Tomies. The most prominent of the islands in this lake is Rossburkie, or Oak Island, rising from a rocky bass and crowned with wood ; from its shores is a splendid view of the mountains, finely grouped. The others are. Eagles' Island, Ronayne's Island, McCarthy's Duck, and Arbutus Islands, the channels between which open to new and varied scenery, combining panoramic views of rocks, woods, and mountains, with picturesque cascades, and forming an assemblage of the sublimest and most romantic features of nature. The northern shore of the lake commands prospects of equal magnificence. The rocks and islands of the Upper Lake, the resort of numerous birds of prey, are of a dark-green colour, harmonising finely with the sombre sublimity of the surrounding mountains, which tower in wild and varied magnificence ; while those of the two lower lakes are chiefly of limestone, washed by the waves into a variety of fantastic forms.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 35

6. Lord Chancellor Midleton's ruined mansion at Ballyannan

   Ballyannan · townland · Cork

   At Ballyannan in the parish of Mogeesha stood the country residence of Lord Chancellor Midleton, who served several times as one of the lords justices. The mansion is now in ruins.

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   MOGEESHA, or Imogeeshy, a parish, in the union of MiDLETON, partly in the barony of Imokilly, but chiefly in the barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, and province of Munster, II5 miles (S. by E.) from Rathcormae ; on the road from Cork to Youghal, and on the navigable portion of Rlidleton river ; containing, with part of the town of Midleton, '2*04 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the north-eastern part of Cork harbour, and comprises 3489 statute acres, of which about 100 are woodland, 2500 arable, 700 pasture, and the remainder marshy and waste land : the substratum is limestone, which is here solely used for agricultural purposes ; the system of husbandry is improving. At Ballyannan, in this parish, was the country residence of Lord Chancellor Midleton, several times one of the lords justices ; but the mansion is in ruins. The principal seats now are Ballintobber, Rossraore, Ballyannan, and Ballyhoody. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £606. 17. 10. There is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe : divine service is performed in a private house, which is licensed by the bishop, until the re-erection of the church. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Carrigtohill.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 155

7. Lord-Deputy receives submissions of Fitzgeralds and Powers at Waterford

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1600

   In April 1600, the Lord-Deputy came to Waterford, where he received the submission of some of the Fitzgeralds of Decies and the Powers.

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   In 1536, Henry VIII. wrote to the mayor and citizens by William Wyse, a gentleman of the city in high favour at court ; and conferred on them a gilt sword and a cap of liberty to be borne before the mayor, which are still carefully preserved. In 1547, Sir Edward Bellingham, who had been sent over by the Lord Protector and Privy Council of England, landed here with an army of 600 horse and 400 foot ; and in 1549 the Lord-Deputy Sidney, who had encamped at Clonmel, and was apprehensive of being attacked by the insurgent chiefs, sent to the mayor for a few soldiers for three days ; but the citizens, pleading their privilege, refused him any assistance. In 1588, Duncannon (on Waterford harbour) was fortified, in consequence of an invasion of the Spaniards, who committed great depredations in the counties of Waterford and Wexford. In April, 1600, the Lord-Deputy came to Waterford, where he received the submission of some of the Fitzgeralds of Decies and the Powers. On the accession of James L, great disaffection prevailed in the city ; and dangerous tumults arose at his proclamation. In consequence of these and of similar demonstrations of hostility, the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy made a progress into Munster, and, arriving at Grace-Dieu, within the liberties of the

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 380

8. Lord-Deputy Sidney denied soldiers by Waterford citizens

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1549

   In 1549, Lord-Deputy Sidney, encamped at Clonmel and fearing attack by insurgent chiefs, requested soldiers from Waterford's mayor for three days. The citizens, pleading their privilege, refused him any assistance.

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   In 1536, Henry VIII. wrote to the mayor and citizens by William Wyse, a gentleman of the city in high favour at court ; and conferred on them a gilt sword and a cap of liberty to be borne before the mayor, which are still carefully preserved. In 1547, Sir Edward Bellingham, who had been sent over by the Lord Protector and Privy Council of England, landed here with an army of 600 horse and 400 foot ; and in 1549 the Lord-Deputy Sidney, who had encamped at Clonmel, and was apprehensive of being attacked by the insurgent chiefs, sent to the mayor for a few soldiers for three days ; but the citizens, pleading their privilege, refused him any assistance. In 1588, Duncannon (on Waterford harbour) was fortified, in consequence of an invasion of the Spaniards, who committed great depredations in the counties of Waterford and Wexford. In April, 1600, the Lord-Deputy came to Waterford, where he received the submission of some of the Fitzgeralds of Decies and the Powers. On the accession of James L, great disaffection prevailed in the city ; and dangerous tumults arose at his proclamation. In consequence of these and of similar demonstrations of hostility, the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy made a progress into Munster, and, arriving at Grace-Dieu, within the liberties of the

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 380

9. Lord-Deputy Sussex suppresses O'Brien revolt in Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1553–1558

   Towards the close of Mary's reign, the Lord-Deputy Sussex arrived in Limerick to suppress a revolt of inferior branches of the O'Brien family against their chief. On this occasion the Earl of Thomond and all freeholders of his country swore fealty to the English crown.

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   In the reign of Henry VII. the city recovered some degree of prosperity ; in 15'24 it was harassed by the open hostilities, both by sea and land, resulting from the commercial jealousies between it and Galwaj', but these were at length terminated by a formal treaty, and by an injunction from the king, in 1536, requiring a better demeanour from the men of Galway. In the reign of Henry VIII., Alderman Sexton, of this city, took a distinguished part in favour of the British interest. In 1542, the proclamation declaring Henry king of Ireland was received with demonstrations of the greatest joy, and in the following year Sir Anthony St. Leger held a parliament here, in which divers important acts were passed. Towards the close of Mary's reign, the Lord-Deputy Sussex arrived in the city to suppress a revolt of some inferior branches of the O'Brien family against their chief, on which occasion the Earl of Thomond and all the freeholders of his country swore fealty to the crown of England. During the entire reign of Elizabeth, and throughout the wars that devastated the whole surrounding province, Limerick maintained the most unshaken loyalty, and was made a centre of civil and military administration. Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who visited it in 156;, in 1569, and in 1576, states that he was received here with greater magnificence than he had hitherto experienced in Ireland. At this period Limerick is described as a place well and substantially built, ■with walls extending round a circuit of about three miles.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 75

10. Lord-Deputy's visit to Monaghan during Ulster plantation

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan

    During the settlement of Ulster, the Lord-Deputy came to Monaghan to arrange forfeited lands, finding it so destitute of housing that tents had to be pitched. Sir John Davies described the place as a few scattered cabins occupied by retired soldiers of Blayney's garrison, with two forts—one neglected despite £1200 spent on it.

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    ing settlement of Ulster, when the Lord-Deputy came to this place to make some arrangements respecting the forfeited lands, it was so destitute of requisite habitations, that he was under the necessity of pitching tents for his accommodation. On this occasion, the Lord- Deputy was attended by the Lord- Chancellor and judges of assize, and by the attorney-general, the celebrated Sir John Davies, who describes the place as consisting mainly of a few scattered cabins occupied by the retired soldiers of Blayney's garrison. Besides the fort already mentioned, which was on the north side of the village, he notices another in the centre of it, which had been raised only 10 or 12 feet above the ground, and was then lying in a neglected state, although £1200 had been expended on it by the king, as a means of retaining the native inhabitants of the district in subjection. The Lord-Deputy divided several neighbouring " ballibetaghs " among the soldiers residing in the town ; and as the fort at this time depended on Newry for its supplies, which, from the hostiUty of the intervening country, were frequently precarious, he granted to Sir Edward Blayney a portion of land on which was afterwards erected the fortress of Castle Blayney. In 1611, Sir Edward obtained the grant of a market and fair. The town, which now began to increase in population and extent, was, in 1613, made a parliamentary borough; and the inhabitants were incorporated by a charter of James I., under the designation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Monaghan."

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 163

11. Lord Dunboyne's disputed bequest to Maynooth College

    Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1800–1845

    Lord Dunboyne bequeathed a fee-simple estate worth £1000 per annum to Maynooth College, the college's most important legacy. The bequest was disputed at law on the grounds that Lord Dunboyne, having conformed to the Established Church and then returned to Roman Catholicism, was incompetent as a relapsed papist to make a will; a compromise secured less than half the intended amount to the college.

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    The original vote of £8000, subject to deductions of about £340, was annually repeated until 1807, when an additional sum of £.">000 was granted for the erection of new buildings; the amount from 1808 to 1813, was £8^283 British ; and from that year to 1845, it was £89'-28. Several donations and bequests, amounting in the aggregate to the large sum of £31,681, have been made to the college by Irish and English Roman Catholics, sometimes without any specific application, and at other times for particular purposes. Of the former bequests, £6000 were applied to enlarging the buildings ; of the latter, £1000, left by a Mr. Keenan, were funded for the establishment of a professor of Irish, and £'24,610 for burses or free studentries. The most important legacy was a fee-simple estate worth £1000 per annum, bequeathed by the late Lord Dunboyne ; but this bequest being disputed at law on the ground that his lordship, having for a while conformed to the Established Church, and afterwards returned to the Roman Catholic Church, was incompetent as a relapsed papist to make a' will, a compromise was effected by which less than half the intended bequest was secured to the college. This bequest, together with £700 per annum from the public grant, was applied from 1813 to 1845 to the benefit of 20 senior scholars, called Dunboyne students, who, after having completed the ordinary course of studies, are selected from among the Students most distinguished for piety and talents, and who, receiving an additional annual allowance, apply themselves for three years more to the higher departments of ecclesiastical literature, in order to be qualified for filling professorships in the institution, or the more arduous situations in the ministry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 144

12. Lord George Hill improves Gweedore estate

    near Gweedore · locality · Donegal · 1838

    After about 1838 Lord George Hill improved the Gweedore estate with an inn, cottages, roads, a corn-store, quay, corn-mill, dispensary, and sessions-house near the mouth of the river. Luxuriant crops were raised where little improvement had existed before.

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    In the Rosses, at a place called Rosapenna, so lately as 1784 the district was well cultivated, planted, and improved, particularly around the mansion of Lord Boyne, whose demesne excited general admiration ; but now the house, park, garden, and even the tallest trees, are covered with sand blown in from the Atlantic : the chimneys are only visible at times ; and, added to this, 1400 acres of land lie buried beneath the sand, which is every year increasing. The estate of Gweedore, which passed into the hands of Lord George Hill about the year 1838, has been since vastly improved : there is now a comfortable inn ; luxuriant crops are raised ; neat cottages have been erected, and good roads formed. That nobleman has also built a corn-store and a shop near the mouth of the river Gweedore ; a quay for vessels to unload at the store ; a corn-mill ; a dispensary ; and a sessions-house. On the townland of TuUaghobigley iron-ore has been found in large lumps ; and in the Errigal mountain, extensive lead-mines, belonging to the Earl of Leitrim, have been successfully worked, but are at present abandoned. Fairs are held at Gortahock on the first Tuesday, at the Cross Roads the last Thursday, and at Derrybeg on the last Monday, in every 604

    TUL L

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 356

13. Lord Grey took Birr castle in 1537

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1537–1547

    Lord Grey, when lord-deputy, took the castle of Birr in 1537. One of the charges against him which led to his execution was that he had sanctioned the outrages committed by Ferganainim O'Carrol, the local chieftain who eventually surrendered his territory to Edward VI.

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    Soon after the English invasion, Henry II. granted this district to Philip de Worcester and Theobald Fitzwalter, subsequently to which he sold it to De Braosa and others : it was afterwards transferred to Hugh de Hose or Hussey, in which family it continued till the time of James I. In 1533, Gerald, Earl of Kildare, then lorddeputy, laid siege to the castle, in support of Ferganainim O'Carrol, his son-in-law ; but soon raised the siege, in consequence of a wound received from one of the garrison. Lord Grey, when lord-deputy, took the castle in 1537; and one of the charges against him, which led to his execution, was, that he had sanctioned the outrages committed by Fcrganainim O'Carrol. This chieftain eventually surrendered his territory to Edward VI., who restored it to him with the addition of the dignity of Baron of Ely during life. In the proceedings under the commission for the plantation of Ely O'Carrol, in

    PARS

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 228

14. Lord Headley's improvements at Glenbegh, Castleisland, Aghadoe

    Glenbeigh · town · Kerry

    The late Lord Headley effected important improvements on his estates at Glenbegh, Castleisland, and Aghadoe, particularly at Glenbegh, where changes in cultivation, planting, draining, and embanking transformed a wild, mountainous, and lawless district and altered the habits of the peasantry.

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    This county was once almost entirely covered with TIMBER of large size and of the best description, and even now in the mountain valleys the growth of timber is kept down only by the grazing of the cattle ; for it has been found that wherever these were excluded, timber spontaneously grew up, insomuch as, in some cases, to prevent the growth of young plantations. Some of the great landed proprietors are very attentive to the planting of their property. The Marquess of Lansdowne planted 100,000 trees, principally oak, ash, Scotch fir, beech, and larch, in the twelve years between 1800 and l.Sl'2. The extent of the Earl of Kenmare's woods is estimated at '2000 acres ; and Mr. Herbert's, of Muckross, at nearly double that number. Important improvements were effected by the late Lord Headley on his estates at Glenbegh, Castleisland, and Aghadoe, particularly the first, where the change produced in a few years, not merely in the cultivation of the land, planting, draining, embanking, &c., but in the habits and manners of the peasantry, excites the admiration of all who were previously acquainted with this wild, mountainous, and lawless district. Orchards are not unfrequent in the northern district of Kerry. This county produces the celebrated Kacageogh cyder : the trees which bear this famous apple are the worst-looking and least productive of any ; they appear to be falling down, are ill supplied with leaves, unhealthy in appearance, and so knotty as to resemble trees grown from pitchers, but unrivalled in the quality of liquor they produce. The next in quality is made from an apple called the Speckled Moss. The fuel universally used is turf, the supply of which may be said to be inexhaustible. Coal is rarely used for fuel, except by a few respectable families.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 10

15. Lord Mountjoy erects forts at Charlemont and reduces O'Nial

    near Charlemont · village · Armagh · 1602–1603

    Lord Mountjoy invaded Hugh O'Nial's territory, seizing passes and erecting forts at Charlemont, Mountjoy, and other key positions, reducing O'Nial to such extremities that he surrendered at Mellifont and was taken to Dublin.

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    Hugh afterwards became one of the bitterest and most formidable enemies of the English. In consequence of alleged grievances, he raised forces, and suddenly seized on the above-named fort, which was the key of his territory on that side ; but being hard pressed by Sir John Norris, he evacuated that position, burnt the town of Dungannon and the neighbouring villages, together with the greater part of his own fortress there, and endeavoured to preserve his life by concealment. Afterwards, being buoyed up with promises of succours from Spain, he joined a league of all the northern chieftains against the English. In 1.597, the whole of Ulster, except the castles along the coast, was in the possession of O'Nial or his i^dherents ; and in an attempt made to relieve the fort of the Blackwater, then severely pressed by O'Nial's army, Sir Henry Bagnall, marshal of the English, his inveterate enemy, was utterly routed and slain. After having baffled the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of Essex by a succession of affected submissions and unexpected hostilities, and having joined in the expedition to Munster to aid the Spaniards at Kinsale, he was invaded in turn by the royal forces under Lord Mountjoy, who, by seizing on the passes, and erecting forts at Charlemont, Mountjoy, and other important positions, reduced him to such extremities that he surrendered at Mellifont, and attended Mountjoy to Dublin, where it was proposed to send him to the Queen. Her death changed his destination for that time ; but in the beginning of the ensuing reign, being suspected of an attempt to excite a new insurrection at Ulster, he fled to Spain ; and his princely property, being consequently confiscated, was parcelled 61S

    out into six counties, which were modelled, divided, and planted with English settlers, under special instructions from the king.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 365

16. Lord Muskerry's demolished mansion near Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    The late Lord Muskerry built a splendid mansion in the vicinity of Mallow, expending upwards of £30,000. Before it was ever inhabited, it was taken down and the materials sold, leaving only the foundations.

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    tion of the buildings will shortly be commenced. The northern part of the parish, containing the townlands of Gortnagrague and Quartertowu, is within the jurisdiction of the manorial court of Mallow, held every three weeks by the seneschal of Sir Denham Jephson Norreys, Bart., lord of the manor. The seats are, Quartertown ; Harrietville, commanding a picturesque view of the town of Mallow ; and Rockvale House, a lately erected mansion. The late Lord Muskerry built a splendid mansion in the vicinity, on which he is said to have expended upwards of £30,000 ; but before it was inhabited, it was taken down, and the materials sold : only the foundations remain.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 175

17. Lord Rosse's great telescope at Birr Castle

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    Lord Rosse constructed a 25-foot reflector telescope with a speculum 35 feet in diameter, standing on the lawn in front of Birr Castle and moved by machinery of his own invention. He also maintained a laboratory with machinery for polishing large telescope specula.

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    Many curious relics of antiquity have been found in the neighbourhood of this parish ; a collection of which, consisting of swords, spears, skeins, celts, and the Barnaan Cuilawn found at Glankeen, are in the possession of Mr. Cooke, who has also a number of the brass tokens already noticed. Some instances of extraordinary longevity have been recorded ; one person is named who lived to the age of 114 years. At Clonbela, about 2| miles from the town, is a mineral spring. Lord Rosse, who devotes much time and thought to studies connected with astronomy and other branches of science, has a laboratory, with machinery for polishing the largest specula for telescopes, by means of which he constructed a 25 -feet reflector, the great speculum of which is 35 feet in diameter. The telescope stands on the lawn in front of Birr Castle, and is moved by machinery somewhat similar in principle to that of Herschel's celebrated telescope, but simpler in construction, which also is the invention of his lordship. Mr. Cooke has a seven-feet reflector, equatorially mounted on a cast-metal pillar in a very simple manner. Some documents and MS. accounts relative to the wars of 1641 and 1688 are in the possession of the Earl of Rosse. A " history and description" of Parsonstown was pub- Ushed in 1826 : the work is anonymous, but is supposed to have been written by Mr. Cooke.

    PARSONSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Dro- GHEDA, barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Dunleer ; containing 237 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern coast, and comprises .524 statute acres, some of which is good land, but the remainder consists of a cold tenacious clay. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, constituting part of the union of Dunany ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Drogheda : the tithe rent-charge is £36. 9., of which £22 are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish forms part of the district of Rathdrummin, or Clogher.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 228

18. Lord Shelbourne's linen weaver colony at Ballymote

    Ballymote · town · Sligo · 1749

    In 1749 Lord Shelbourne brought a colony of weavers to his estate at Ballymote, then a thinly inhabited and nearly uncultivated waste used only for cattle herding. The settlement revived under Mr. Fitzmaurice, who superintended the establishment and built extensive bleach-works, stimulating the linen trade across the county.

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    The LINEN MANUFACTURE was introduced into Sligo by the spirited exertions of Lord Shelburue, who, in 1*49, brought hither a colony of weavers, and settled them on his estate at Ballymote, then a thinly inhabited and almost uncultivated waste, whose population was employed solely in the herding of cattle. The death of this nobleman for a time checked the progress of the manufacture j but it revived under the guidance of Mr. Fitzmaurite. who, on succeeding to the estate, after having made himself practically acquainted with all the processes of the trade, superintended the establishment in person, and thus powerfully stimulated those engaged in it. Each weaver was provided with a cottage, half a rood of laud for a potato-garden, and grass for a cow ; affording him the means of subsistence for his family, without allowing his time or thoughts to be distracted from his main business by the details of even a .small farm. This well-devised exertion gave a turn to the public mind throughout the county, and led to the general establishment of tlfe manutacture, which flourished for many years. The manufacture of unions, a mixed fabric of linen and cotton, has been introduced, and is carried on extensively. Mr. Fitzmaurice also encouraged the erection of bleach-greens upon a large scale ; and having built very extensive bleach-works near the town of Denbigh, in North Wales, he purchased the brown linens in every market of Sligo and the adjoining counties, and thus greatly benefited both Wales and Ireland. The linen trade is still the staple of the county, and though by no means so prosperous or extensive as formerly, it is briskly carried on : there are four bleach-greens in full operation, finishing nearly 40,000 pieces annually, which are principally shipped for England and generally destined for the American markets. Coarse woollen cloths and friezes are made for domestic use ; and a very extensive trade is carried on in the purchase of flannels, druggets, stockings, and other fabrics of Connaught manufacture. Merchants from many parts of Ireland, but particularly from Ulster, come to Sligo to meet the Connaught factors. The only other branches of trade, except as connected with the port of Sligo, are tanning, distilling, and brewing.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

19. Lord Stanley's seat at Ballykisteen

    Ballykisteen · townland · Tipperary

    Lord Stanley's elegant modern seat at Ballykisteen, on the Limerick road, commands a fine view of the Galtee mountains and stands in a fertile, improving part of the country.

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    the land being deemed better adapted for pasture than grain ; the farmers confine themselves very much to the management of the dairy. Great attention has been paid by Lord Stanley to the improvement of the stock 5 he has imported several Durham bulls, which his tenants have the use of gratuitously. A copper-mine was worked at Gortdrum in IS'25, but the workings were soon abandoned. The seat of Lord Stanley at Ballykisteen, on the Limerick road, is an elegant modern building, situated in a very fertile and improving part of the country, and commanding a fine view of the range of the Galtee mountains. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union of CuUen : the tithe rent-charge is £'236. 1. 6. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at the village of Solloghod. Some traces e.xist of Danish encampments.

    SOWEY, county of Sligo. — See Ballinakill.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 297

20. Lorrha abbey and town destroyed by fire, 1154–1179

    Lorrha · townland · Tipperary · 1154–1179

    After its restoration following the Viking destruction, the abbey at Lorrha was destroyed by accidental fires in 1154 and 1157. In 1179 the town itself was also destroyed by fire.

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    LORHA, or Lorragh, a parish, in the union of Parsonstown, barony of Lower Ormond, county of TippERARY, and province of Munster, 8^ miles (W.) from Parsonstown, on the road to Portumna ; containing 4/42 inhabitants, of whom 312 are in the village. This place was anciently distinguished for its religious establishments, the earhest of which was an abbey for Canons Regular, founded by St. Ruadan, who presided here over 150 monks and died in 584. The establishment appears to have flourished without interruption till 844, when, according to Archdall, Turgesius, with his Norwegian forces, destroyed the town ; he was soon after taken prisoner by Maolseachlain, King of Meath, and drowned in Lough Ainin. After its restoration the abbey was destroyed by accidental fires in 1154 and 1 157, and in 1 179 the town was destroyed by fire. The hand of St. Ruadan was preserved in a silver case in this abbey till its suppression. A Dominican friary, also, was founded here in 1269, by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster; in which, in 16S8, a provincial chapter of the order was held, when 150 friars clothed in their proper habits assisted. The parish comprises 16,521 statute acres : the land in cultivation is of good quality, and the system of agriculture improving ; the scenery is pleasingly diversified, and derives much interest from the venerable ruins of the abbey and friary. The principal seats are, Abbeville ; Portland ; Belle-Isle, of Lord Avonraore ; Harvest Lodge ; Ballymacegan ; Kilcarron ; and Grange. The village, containing 56 houses, is pleasantly situated within three miles of the river Shan-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 109

21. Loss of the extensive Bondville wood

    Tullybrick Etra or Bondville · townland · Armagh

    An extensive forest known as Bondville wood once covered several hundred acres in Tynan parish. It consisted chiefly of oak, ash, and fir, but was entirely cut away while the estate was under litigation.

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    is no waste land ; bogs were numerous, but they are now mostly cut out or reclaimed : there are several quarries of limestone and freestone. Though the coal formation extends over a considerable district, little advantage has been derived from it, as the veins hitherto discovered are too thin to be worked with profit. Here was formerly an extensive forest, known by the name of the Bondville wood, consisting chiefly of oak, ash, and fir, and extending over several hundred acres ; but it was all cut away during a period in which the estate was under litigation. At Doogary and at Belteagh are large flour-mills. The Ulster canal, connecting Loughs Neagh and Erne, passes through the parish.

    The town, situated on an eminence, contains 33 houses ; it has a dispensary, and petty-sessions are held in it every second Saturday, and at Middleton on the alternate Saturdays. The lands of the parish are divided among several proprietors in fee. Ten townlands belong to the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin ; eight to the trustees of Bishop Sterne's charities ; and the remainder to Lord Gosford, Lord Caledon. Sir James Stronge, Bart., and several others. The circumstance of a great number of resident gentlemen spending their incomes in the improvement of their property and in the diffusion of comfort and useful information throughout the district, has tended much to the prosperity of all classes, the existence of which is apparent in the highly improved culture of the land, the exterior of the farmhouses and cottages, and the general appearance and demeanour of the population. The most remarkable seats are, Tynan Abbey, the residence of Sir J. M. Stronge, who is proprietor of the village ; Woodpark, of the St. George family ; Fellows Hall ; Mount Irwin, of the Irwins ; Darton ; Portnelligan ; Ashford ; Bondville ; and Chantilly glebe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 364

22. Lost pilchard fishery on Kenmare river

    near Kenmare River · bay · Kerry

    Along the shores of the Kenmare river, pilchard fishery was once a great source of profit. The fish quitted the coast many years since, ending a once-lucrative industry.

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    domestic purposes only ; the wool being mostly sent to Cork or Limerick, where it is purchased and made up into cloth. The Coomduffe mountains, however, form an exception to this remark ; for the tenants there pay their rent by flannels, which are sold at the markets of Tralee and Dingle. The fishery is carried on chiefly from the ports of Valencia and Dingle ; the kinds taken include cod, ling, hake, glasson, and some haddock. Along the shores of the Kenmare river, the fishery is likewise carried on to some extent ; and here, that of pilchards was also a great source of profit, but the fish quitted the coast many years since. Salmon is abundant, though much thinned by the seals, which frequent the shores in such numbers that the rocks are covered with them in summer ; these are killed sometimes with musket balls, and sometimes by moonlight in the caverns where they sleep. Dingle bay is famous for its crayfish, and for lobsters on its northern side ; oysters and other shell-fish are to be obtained in many places. A great disadvantage which the entire county labours under, is, the want of means for exporting its produce ; there are but few quays, so that it loses nearly all the advantages of its maritime situation. Much might be done in this respect by opening the mouth of the Cashen, and by improving the harbour of Tarbert, which is capable of being made one of the most useful ports on the Shannon.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

23. Lost sites: Knights of St. John priory and Magdalene leper house

    Wexford · town · Wexford

    No remains survive of the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem or of the Magdalene leper house that once stood in Wexford. These lost medieval institutions are known only from historical record.

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    The ruins of the ancient monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul of Selsker, consisting of a tower now forming part of the present church, and some of the arches, are still in existence. It is said that Cromwell, when he destroyed the church at the sacking of Wexford, carried away the ring of bells, and that they are now in one of the churches in Liverpool : according to tradition, the freedom of the town, and exemption from the port dues, of Liverpool, were granted to the freemen of Wexford in lieu of these bells. There are no remains of the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the Magdalene leper house. Some portions of the town walls, with five of the towers, three square and two round, are still in a sufficient state of preservation to shew that the walls were 22 feet high, and were .supported on the inside by a rampart of earth 2 1 feet thick : ruins of most of the old churches, also, are still visible. Near the West gate was a strong chalybeate spring, now closed up. Many coins have been found at different times, but none of great antiquity : among them are some of copper, of the dates 1605 and 1615, evidently struck off for tokens by merchants or dealers to supply the deficiency of legal coin. Near the Windmill hill a rudely carved urn of unbaked clay, containing calcined human bones, was found in 1831. Nicholas French, anthor of " the Bleeding Iphigenia," and several other political publications during the reign of Charles IL, was a native of this town. Wexford gives one of his titles of Earl, in the Irish peerage, to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

    WHERRY, a parish, in the union of Pabsonstown, barony of Garrycastle, King's county, and province of Leinster ; containing, with part of the post-town of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 400

24. Lough Aeluyn and neighbouring lakes Erritt and Glynn

    near Lough Gara · lake or lakes · Roscommon

    In the west of County Roscommon is Lough Aeluyn, with Loughs Erritt and Glynn in its neighbourhood. A large turlough near Lough Glynn measures upwards of half a mile in length.

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    The largest and most beautiful of the lakes wholly belonging to the county is Lough Kea, close to the town of Boyle, now more generally known by the name of Rockingham Lake, from the seat of Lord Lorton on its southern shore. Several rivers from the south and west are tributary to it, but its principal supply proceeds from Lough Gara, on the borders of Sligo, whence a rapid stream called the Boyle water enters the western extremity of the lake ; it discharges itself by a narrow outlet, which soon expands into a series of lakes that take their common name from the town of Oakford in their neighbourhood, and empty themselves into the Shannon. The scenery throughout the whole of this chain of lakes is highly picturesque. To the north of Lough Kea are the smaller lakes of Lough Skean and Lough Meelagh, the latter very beautiful, and both communicating with the Shannon by a common outlet. In the west of the county is Lough Aeluyn, and in its neighbourhood are Loughs Erritt and Glynn. In the central part, to the east of Elphin and Strokestown, are numerous small lakes, the waters of most of which find a passage to the Shannon; Lough Funcheon, in the barony of Athlone, is the only lake of any extent in the south. The eastern boundary of the county is bordered by several of the lakes formed by the Shannon ; Lough Gara, already noticed, is on its western side between it and Sligo. In winter, the extent of water in the county is considerably increased by turloughs or temporary lakes, which usually disappear in summer, though they sometimes remain through the whole of that season, and occasionally even a second year. These turloughs, which vary considerably in extent during different years, occupy shallow basins in the limestone districts, where fissures in the rocks, and swallow-holes, occur ; and are apparently formed by these vents being stopped by the back-water from the subterraneous reservoirs with which they are connected. Such as have a grassy bottom, when the waters retire in time, produce most luxuriant crops. Some are of considerable size ; that of Mantua contains about 600 English acres, and one near Lough Glynn is upwards of half a mile in length : they are most numerous in the western and central parts of the county. The extent of surface occupied by water, in the baronies of Boyle and Roscommon, is much greater than in all the other divisions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

25. Lough Allen and its islands in Kilronan parish

    Lough Allen · electoral division · Roscommon

    Lough Allen, bounding Kilronan parish in Roscommon, is described as a beautiful sheet of water flanked by steep barren mountains. Within it lie O'Reilly's Island, lately planted, and the small island of Inse.

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    KILRONAN, a parish, in the union and barony of Bo\LE, county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 9 miles (X.) from Carrick-on-Shannon ; containing, with the towns of Keadue and Ballyfarnon (which are separately described), 7085 inhabitants. This parish contains the iron and coal works of Arigna, which are described in the article on the county ; and comprises 16,3564: statute acres, of which 200 are woodland, 6000 arable, 4000 pasture, 2000 bog, and the remainder mountain and waste land. It is bounded on the east by Lough Allen : this beautiful sheet of water is 65 miles in length by S^ in average breadth, but is considerably narrower towards its southern extremity. On each side are steep and barren mountains, which render it liable to storms and gusts of wind ; and within its hmits are O'Reilly's Island, which has been lately planted, and the small island of Inse, which is described in the article on Innismagrath. Beneath the mountains on the south is Lough Meelagh, near which is some charming scenery ; and here is also Lough Skean. The village of Lough-End consists of straggling houses, the inhabitants of which are principally engaged in the collieries, or the sandstone and limestone quarries. The principal seats are. Castle Tenison ; Alderford, (anciently called Camagh,) of the Mac Derraott Roe family; Greyficld ; Mount Allen ; and Knockranny.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 53

26. Lough Arrow and its three islands

    near Lough Arrow · lake or lakes · Sligo

    Lough Arrow is nearly the same size as Lough Gill but more irregular in outline, equally remarkable for the variety of its scenery. It contains three islands—Innismore, Innisbeg, and Annaghgowla—and offers fine fishing in April and May.

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    The SURFACE is much varied. Near the sea-coast are extensive plains backed by lofty mountains. The interior is hilly, with several lakes interspersed, and with some rivers which, though not of great length or size, add much to the beauty of the scenery by their romantic borders and precipitous currents. The western part of the county, which stretches along the southern shore of Donegal bay, is chiefly bog, backed by a range of lofty hills. Btnbulben, in the north, is not more remarkable for its great elevation than for the singularity of its shape : it forms the western extremity of a range extending from Lough Erne ; its northern side is nearly perpendicular ; the only access to its summit, which is a table-land of some extent and covered with a rich variety of plants, is by the south. Thence to the town of Sligo the country is an extensive plain richly cultivated. Knocknaree, a mountain of considerable elevation and with a wide-spread base, situated on the peninsula formed by the estuaries of the Sligo and Ballysadere rivers, is a very striking object in every point nf view. The Ox mountains extend along the western verge of the county into Mayo : the whole of the south of the county is rugged and hilly, rising into the high range of the Curlews on the border of Roscommon. There are three lakes remarkable alike for size and beauty. The most northern is Lough GUI, near the town of Sligo, on the east ; it is about nine miles long and three broad, and studded with islands, some of which are richly wooded, while others present an expanse of verdant meadow. Of these islands two are inhabited ; namely, Innismore, called also Church Island, from the remains of a monastic building, the cemetery of which is still used as a place of interment and where the incumbent of St. John's, on his presentation, still takes possession ; and Cottage Island, so called from a beautiful modern lodge erected on it. Besides these, there are 16 islands uninhabited, all more or less wooded. Lough Arrow, nearly of the same size as the preceding, but more irregular in its outline, and equally remarkable for the variety of its scenery, contains the three islands of Innismore, Innisbeg, and Annaghgowla : there is fine fishing in this lake in April and May. At the southern extremity of the county, and forming part of its boundary on the side of Roscommon, is Lough Guru, equally picturesque and irregular, and also studded with islands, the chief of which are named Derrymore, Inse, Inchymore, and Inchybeg. In the Ox mountains is Louc/h Calf, or the High Lake, surrounded by cliffs that seem to have been thrown up by some extraordinary convulsion of nature. The lake, which is about a mile long by half a mile in breadth, is well stocked with trout of a small size, of which it is said that, while those which teed on one side are peculiarly ill-flavoured and misshapen, having heads exceeding the body in size, those in other parts are of good shape and flavour. Two islets near the centre are covered during the summer months with flocks of gulls and other aquatic birds. More northwards in the same range of mountains, is Lough Laskey.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 289

27. Lough Arrow: picturesque lake studded with islands

    near Lough Arrow · lake or lakes · Sligo

    Lough Arrow, at the base of the Curlew mountains in the parish of Kilmacrany, is five miles long and two miles broad, studded with islands, and renowned for the size and flavour of its trout. It communicates with the Shannon via Lough Key.

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    KILMACTRANY, a parish, in the union of Boyle, barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 6 miles (N.) from Boyle, on the road to Ballyfarnon ; containing 4604 inhabitants. This parish comprises 13,447 statute acres, including much bog and mountain land ; the soil is light, and agriculture is in a backward state. Limestone is abundant ; iron-ore exists ; and a seam of coal, 22 inches thick, has been discovered in the mountains of Geevagh. The parish is situated on Lough Arrow, a picturesque sheet of water at the base of the Curlew mountains, about a mile from Lough Key, by which it communicates with the Shannon : the lake is five miles in length and two in its greatest breadth, is studded with islands, and is remarkable for the size and fine flavour of its trout. On the western side, but in another parish, is Hollybrook House, a handsome residence, the plantations of which form a pleasing picture when viewed from the opposite shore. Petty-sessions are held every fortnight on Tuesday, and here is a constabulary police station. The estate of Kingsborough gives the title of viscount to the eldest son of the Earl of Kingston. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, united to the vicarages of Shancoe and Killadoon, and in the gift of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in W. MuUoy, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £79. 12., which is equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar; and the tithe of the whole vicarial benefice is £67. 3. 8. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits, in 1819, gave £650 and lent £150: the glebe comprises 13 acres, subject to a rent of £2 per annum. The church is a small building, for the erection of which the Board gave £800, in I8I6 ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £305 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head ot a union or district, called Geevagh, which is co-extensive with the Protestant union, and has a handsome chapel, ornamented with

    K I L— M A

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

28. Loughbrickland castle dismantled and town burned, 1641

    near Loughbrickland · village · Down · 1641–1688

    In 1641 the castle at Loughbrickland was dismantled and both the town and church were destroyed by fire. The place remained desolate until 1688, when the church was rebuilt and the town gradually improved.

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    LOUGHBRICKLAND, a post-town, in the parish of Aguaderg, union of Banuridge, barony of Ui-per IvEAGH, county of Dow.s, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (.\. E.) from Newry, and 58^ (N.) from Dublin, on the road from Newry to Belfast ; containing 647 inhabitants. This town, which is prettily situated on the lake from which it takes its name, owes its rise to Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch, to whom Queen Elizabeth, in 1585, granted the adjacent lands. Sir Marmaduke built a castle on the shore of the lake, for the protection of a pass where three roads united, and, soon after, a church and a mill ; and laid the foundation of a town, in which a Protestant colony was settled, and for which he obtained the grant of a market and two fairs. In 1641 the castle was dismantled, and the town and church were destroyed by fire ; in this desolate condition the place remained till 1688, when the church was rebuilt and the town began gradually to improve. It consists of one principal street, from which two smaller streets branch off; and contains 134 houses, most of them well built and of handsome appearance : the whole town has a cheerful and thriving aspect. The lake, which is supposed to have taken its name from the speckled trout with which it is said to have formerly abounded, comprises an area of about 70 Irish acres, and is bordered on its western side by the road to Belfast ; it forms the summit level of the Newry canal, to which its waters are conveyed through Lough Shark, and is itself supplied from a spring within, its superfluous water escaping through a sluice at the north-western extremity. Fairs are held on the third Tuesday in every month, for horses, cattle, pigs, and pedlcry. There are several seat.s in the immediate neighbourhood. The parish church, a handsome edifice with a square tower and octagonal spire, is situated in the centre of the town ; and nearly opposite to it is the Roman Catholic chapel, in the later English style, built at an expense of £1700 on a site presented by N. C. Whyte, Esq., who also gave £400 towards its erection. There are places of worship for Presbyterians and Primitive Methodists. On the shore of the lake is a modern house, erected in 1812 on the site of the ancient castle, which was then taken down. Tlie Danes, who had ravaged the north of Ireland, were defeated here by the Irish uuder Mac Lorriagh, in 1187.— See Aghaderg.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

29. Loughbrickland founded by Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch

    near Loughbrickland · village · Down · 1585

    Queen Elizabeth granted adjacent lands to Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch in 1585, who built a castle on the lake shore to protect a pass where three roads united, followed by a church and mill, and founded a Protestant colony town with market and fair rights.

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    LOUGHBRICKLAND, a post-town, in the parish of Aguaderg, union of Banuridge, barony of Ui-per IvEAGH, county of Dow.s, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (.\. E.) from Newry, and 58^ (N.) from Dublin, on the road from Newry to Belfast ; containing 647 inhabitants. This town, which is prettily situated on the lake from which it takes its name, owes its rise to Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch, to whom Queen Elizabeth, in 1585, granted the adjacent lands. Sir Marmaduke built a castle on the shore of the lake, for the protection of a pass where three roads united, and, soon after, a church and a mill ; and laid the foundation of a town, in which a Protestant colony was settled, and for which he obtained the grant of a market and two fairs. In 1641 the castle was dismantled, and the town and church were destroyed by fire ; in this desolate condition the place remained till 1688, when the church was rebuilt and the town began gradually to improve. It consists of one principal street, from which two smaller streets branch off; and contains 134 houses, most of them well built and of handsome appearance : the whole town has a cheerful and thriving aspect. The lake, which is supposed to have taken its name from the speckled trout with which it is said to have formerly abounded, comprises an area of about 70 Irish acres, and is bordered on its western side by the road to Belfast ; it forms the summit level of the Newry canal, to which its waters are conveyed through Lough Shark, and is itself supplied from a spring within, its superfluous water escaping through a sluice at the north-western extremity. Fairs are held on the third Tuesday in every month, for horses, cattle, pigs, and pedlcry. There are several seat.s in the immediate neighbourhood. The parish church, a handsome edifice with a square tower and octagonal spire, is situated in the centre of the town ; and nearly opposite to it is the Roman Catholic chapel, in the later English style, built at an expense of £1700 on a site presented by N. C. Whyte, Esq., who also gave £400 towards its erection. There are places of worship for Presbyterians and Primitive Methodists. On the shore of the lake is a modern house, erected in 1812 on the site of the ancient castle, which was then taken down. Tlie Danes, who had ravaged the north of Ireland, were defeated here by the Irish uuder Mac Lorriagh, in 1187.— See Aghaderg.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

30. Lough Calf in the Ox Mountains

    near Lough Talt · lake or lakes · Sligo

    Lough Calf, or the High Lake, lies in the Ox Mountains, surrounded by cliffs seemingly thrown up by an extraordinary convulsion of nature. The lake's trout are peculiarly ill-flavoured and misshapen on one side, while good on other parts; two central islets attract summer flocks of gulls and aquatic birds.

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    The SURFACE is much varied. Near the sea-coast are extensive plains backed by lofty mountains. The interior is hilly, with several lakes interspersed, and with some rivers which, though not of great length or size, add much to the beauty of the scenery by their romantic borders and precipitous currents. The western part of the county, which stretches along the southern shore of Donegal bay, is chiefly bog, backed by a range of lofty hills. Btnbulben, in the north, is not more remarkable for its great elevation than for the singularity of its shape : it forms the western extremity of a range extending from Lough Erne ; its northern side is nearly perpendicular ; the only access to its summit, which is a table-land of some extent and covered with a rich variety of plants, is by the south. Thence to the town of Sligo the country is an extensive plain richly cultivated. Knocknaree, a mountain of considerable elevation and with a wide-spread base, situated on the peninsula formed by the estuaries of the Sligo and Ballysadere rivers, is a very striking object in every point nf view. The Ox mountains extend along the western verge of the county into Mayo : the whole of the south of the county is rugged and hilly, rising into the high range of the Curlews on the border of Roscommon. There are three lakes remarkable alike for size and beauty. The most northern is Lough GUI, near the town of Sligo, on the east ; it is about nine miles long and three broad, and studded with islands, some of which are richly wooded, while others present an expanse of verdant meadow. Of these islands two are inhabited ; namely, Innismore, called also Church Island, from the remains of a monastic building, the cemetery of which is still used as a place of interment and where the incumbent of St. John's, on his presentation, still takes possession ; and Cottage Island, so called from a beautiful modern lodge erected on it. Besides these, there are 16 islands uninhabited, all more or less wooded. Lough Arrow, nearly of the same size as the preceding, but more irregular in its outline, and equally remarkable for the variety of its scenery, contains the three islands of Innismore, Innisbeg, and Annaghgowla : there is fine fishing in this lake in April and May. At the southern extremity of the county, and forming part of its boundary on the side of Roscommon, is Lough Guru, equally picturesque and irregular, and also studded with islands, the chief of which are named Derrymore, Inse, Inchymore, and Inchybeg. In the Ox mountains is Louc/h Calf, or the High Lake, surrounded by cliffs that seem to have been thrown up by some extraordinary convulsion of nature. The lake, which is about a mile long by half a mile in breadth, is well stocked with trout of a small size, of which it is said that, while those which teed on one side are peculiarly ill-flavoured and misshapen, having heads exceeding the body in size, those in other parts are of good shape and flavour. Two islets near the centre are covered during the summer months with flocks of gulls and other aquatic birds. More northwards in the same range of mountains, is Lough Laskey.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 289

31. Lough Cara and sporting-lodges in mountains

    Lough Gouragh · lake or lakes · Kerry

    Lough Cara is the most conspicuous of the lakes in the interior of the mountainous region. Several sporting-lodges stand near it, and its beauty has been much increased by plantations of M'Gillicuddy of the Reeks.

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    The lands under cultivation are chiefly in tillage, but a very large portion of the parish is mountain pasture ; the soil is light and gravelly, and interspersed with tracts of bog. The system of agriculture is gradually improving : at Manus is a limestone-quarry, which is extensively worked, chiefly for agricultural purposes ; at Glencare is a small slate-quarry, and slate is also found in the Gap of Dunloe. Dunloe Castle, formerly the residence of the O'SuUivan family, was built by the O'Sullivan More, by whose descendant it was occupied at the time of its bombardment by General Ireton during the parliamentary war : it is situated about a mile from the Lower Lake of Killarney, on a steep bank rising from the river Laune, and in the midst of a thickly wooded demesne, and commands a fine view of the Lower Lake, and of the scenery of the Gap, with the M'^Gillycuddy mountains. The other seats are, Beaufort House, built on the site of Short Castle ; Whitefield, the residence of M'^Gillicuddy of the Reeks ; Churchtown, of Sir A. Blennerhasset ; Cullina ; and Glencare. There are also several sporting-lodges near Lough Cara, the beauty of which has been much in- 199

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

32. Lough Carra's unusual green colour

    near Lough Carra · lake or lakes · Mayo

    Lough Carra is a picturesque lake seven miles long by three broad, studded with woody peninsulas and islands. Its water has a greenish colour unlike other freshwater lakes, attributable to its shallowness over a bed of pale yellowish marl.

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    land, about two miles across, here separates it from Lough Mask. This latter lake is 10 miles long by 4 broad, with two arms about a mile distant from each other, stretching into Joyces' Country, the larger projecting four miles, the lesser three : the lake is navigable up the Ballinrobe river, within I5 mile of Ballinrobe town. The gillaroo trout, which is remarkable as having a gizzard larger than that of a turkey, but never any roe, is found in it : both red and white trout are also taken. Lough Mask is 36 feet above the summer level of Lough Corrib ; and the former pours the whole of its redundant waters into the latter, through numerous caverns, beneath the isthmus above noticed : from these caverns the water emerges in some fountains near the village of Cong, whence it flows in a rapid stream, turning several powerful mills, until it mingles with the lower lake. Lough Carra is a very picturesque sheet of water, seven miles long by three broad, studded with woody peninsulas and islands : this lake assumes an appearance not observable in other collections of fresh water, its colour being greenish while that of others is invariably blue ; a peculiarity attributable to the shallowness of its water, which covers a bed of pale yellowish marl. Luugh Dan, the next in order, is much smaller than any of the others in the range ; it is also called Castlebar lake, because its eastern extremity is close to the town of that name. Lough Conn is a fine piece of water, fifteen miles long by five broad, interspersed with islands on which are ruins of castles and of monasteries, and having its borders fringed with woods and ornamented with mansions and villas ; it communicates with the towns of Foxford and Crossmolina, and stretches within two miles of Ballina, and ten of Killala. At the south-eastern extremity of Lough Conn is Lough Culten, sometimes called the Lower Conn ; it is separated from the former lake by a narrow strait, over which a bridge named Pontoon-bridge was built, on the formation of the new mail line to Sligo. An extraordinary phenomenon is visible here, in the alternate ebbing and flowing of the two lakes : the water is seen sometimes rushing with great force through the channel beneath Pontoon-bridge into Lough Cullen ; while at others it runs with equal force from this lake into Lough Conn, and this is often observable when the waters of the upper lake are much swollen by floods from the mountains, while the lower lake, or Cullen, is the natural outlet of the whole of this immense volume of water. The shores of both lakes being composed in many places of a fine red sand, the line of high-water mark can be distinctly traced several inches above the water ; and then in the space of an hour, without any apparent cause, the water rises again to the higher level in the one lake, while it is low water in the other ; numerous unsatisfactory conjectures have been stated relative to this extraordinary fact. Besides the lakes now mentioned there are many others ; the principal are Upper and Lower Lough Aile, Lough Urlor, Lough Samore, Lough Skye, Beltra Lake, Kerramore Lake, and other smaller lakes near Foxford, Manilla, Ballinrobe, Shrule, Annagh, Ballyhaunis, Ballagh, and Kinturk. In this county, as in that of Galway, are numerous turlougbs, which in winter and wet seasons cover large tracts of land, and at other times afford excellent pasture.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

33. Lough Conn's island castles and monasteries

    near Lough Conn · lake or lakes · Mayo

    Lough Conn is a fine lake fifteen miles long by five broad, interspersed with islands bearing ruins of castles and monasteries. Its borders are fringed with woods and ornamented with mansions and villas, and it communicates with Foxford and Crossmolina.

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    land, about two miles across, here separates it from Lough Mask. This latter lake is 10 miles long by 4 broad, with two arms about a mile distant from each other, stretching into Joyces' Country, the larger projecting four miles, the lesser three : the lake is navigable up the Ballinrobe river, within I5 mile of Ballinrobe town. The gillaroo trout, which is remarkable as having a gizzard larger than that of a turkey, but never any roe, is found in it : both red and white trout are also taken. Lough Mask is 36 feet above the summer level of Lough Corrib ; and the former pours the whole of its redundant waters into the latter, through numerous caverns, beneath the isthmus above noticed : from these caverns the water emerges in some fountains near the village of Cong, whence it flows in a rapid stream, turning several powerful mills, until it mingles with the lower lake. Lough Carra is a very picturesque sheet of water, seven miles long by three broad, studded with woody peninsulas and islands : this lake assumes an appearance not observable in other collections of fresh water, its colour being greenish while that of others is invariably blue ; a peculiarity attributable to the shallowness of its water, which covers a bed of pale yellowish marl. Luugh Dan, the next in order, is much smaller than any of the others in the range ; it is also called Castlebar lake, because its eastern extremity is close to the town of that name. Lough Conn is a fine piece of water, fifteen miles long by five broad, interspersed with islands on which are ruins of castles and of monasteries, and having its borders fringed with woods and ornamented with mansions and villas ; it communicates with the towns of Foxford and Crossmolina, and stretches within two miles of Ballina, and ten of Killala. At the south-eastern extremity of Lough Conn is Lough Culten, sometimes called the Lower Conn ; it is separated from the former lake by a narrow strait, over which a bridge named Pontoon-bridge was built, on the formation of the new mail line to Sligo. An extraordinary phenomenon is visible here, in the alternate ebbing and flowing of the two lakes : the water is seen sometimes rushing with great force through the channel beneath Pontoon-bridge into Lough Cullen ; while at others it runs with equal force from this lake into Lough Conn, and this is often observable when the waters of the upper lake are much swollen by floods from the mountains, while the lower lake, or Cullen, is the natural outlet of the whole of this immense volume of water. The shores of both lakes being composed in many places of a fine red sand, the line of high-water mark can be distinctly traced several inches above the water ; and then in the space of an hour, without any apparent cause, the water rises again to the higher level in the one lake, while it is low water in the other ; numerous unsatisfactory conjectures have been stated relative to this extraordinary fact. Besides the lakes now mentioned there are many others ; the principal are Upper and Lower Lough Aile, Lough Urlor, Lough Samore, Lough Skye, Beltra Lake, Kerramore Lake, and other smaller lakes near Foxford, Manilla, Ballinrobe, Shrule, Annagh, Ballyhaunis, Ballagh, and Kinturk. In this county, as in that of Galway, are numerous turlougbs, which in winter and wet seasons cover large tracts of land, and at other times afford excellent pasture.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

34. Loughcrew ancient church pulled down and replaced

    Loughcrew · townland · Meath

    The ancient parish church of Loughcrew, which had received a £181 repair grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, was pulled down and replaced by a new building costing £1270. The new church was funded by £500 in subscriptions and £770 from the same commissioners.

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    good building-stone ; and at the hamlet of ^Nlillbrook are some mills. Loughcrew House, the residence of the Napier family, is a magnificent structure in the Grecian-Ionic style, erected from designs by Mr. Cockerell, of Loudon; it is faced entirely with hewn limestone, has a noble portico, and contains some good paintings by the old masters. The mansion, the outoffices (which are of a superior order), and the improvements in the demesne, are stated to have cost upwards of £80,000. The demesne comprises about 900 plantation acres, of which nearly 200 are planted ; the principal approach is by a lodge of elegant design, and the scenery in the vicinity is of a pleasing character. The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of council, in 168<2, to the rectory of Moylough and the vicarage of Diamor, and by episcopal authority, in 1815, to the rectory of Russagh or Clonabreny, together constituting the union of Loughcrew, in the patronage of the Crown : the rectory is impropriate in E. Rotheram, of Crossdrum, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1'24. 12. 4., payable in equal portions to the impropriator and vicar ; and the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £■277. 5. 6. The glebe-house was built in 1821, at an expense of £1879, of which £1275 were granted as a loan by the late Board of First Fruits, £100 as a gift, and the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent. The glebe comprises 40 plantation acres, valued at £50 British per annum ; part of which is subject to a rent of £32. 15. The church, an ancient structure, for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners some years ago granted £181, has been recently pulled down, and a new one erected, at the cost of £1270, of which £500 were raised by subscription, and £770 were a grant from the same commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Oldcastle, and has a chapel at Loughcrew. LOUGH DERG.— See Templecarne. LOUGHGALL, or Levalley-Eglish, a post-town and parish, partly in the barony of Armagh, but chiefly in that of ONeilland West, union and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Armagh, and 70 (X.) from Dublin, on the great north road from Derry, through Dungannon, to Armagh ; containing 9615 inhabitants, of whom 394 are in the town. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Blackwater, and comprises, with the district parish of Charlemont, 10,924i statute acres, of which 2449| are in the barony of Armagh, and the remainder in ONeilland West ; 59| acres are water, and of the land about twothirds are exceedingly rich and fertile, and the remainder of inferior quality. The system of agriculture has been highly improved under the auspices of the resident gentry, and excellent crops are raised ; there is some valuable bog, but no waste land. Limestone abounds, and is extensively quarried for agricultural purposes and tor repairing the roads. The weaving of linencloth is carried on here to a considerable extent, affordmg employment to more than 600 persons, who are engaged by the manufacturers and bleachers of Banbridge. The principal seats are, Drumilly, an ancient mansion with two lofty square towers projecting from the front, and overlooking the village ; Hockley Lodge ; Ardress ; Green Hall ; Summer Island, belonging to Colonel Sir W. Verner ; Eden Cottage ; Cloven Eden ■ 276

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

35. Loughcrew hills dominate western Meath

    Loughcrew · townland · Meath

    The hills of Loughcrew are described as the only considerable elevations in the county, located at its western extremity. From the level aspect of the general surface, there is not much romantic scenery, though river areas present tranquil beauty.

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    From the level aspect which the general surface exhibits, the only considerable elevations being the hills of Loughcrew in the western extremity of the county, there is not much romantic scenery ; yet many parts, particularly in the vicinity of the larger rivers, present prospects of tranquil beauty. The small part of the county which borders on the sea, between the mouth of the Boyne and the Delvan, contributes as little to its scenic beauties as to its commercial advantage ; the line of coast being a shelving strand, with little depth of water, and no opening adequate to admit large vessels. The prevailing character of the soil is a deep rich loam, restint;"on a substratum of limestone ; and the earth has been found, at the depth of four feet, in many places, equal in quality to that on the surface ; so that, when the farmer find's his fields beginning to be unproductive, he has only to plough somewhat deeper, and turn up a

    MEAT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

36. Loughcrew House, Napier family seat in Grecian-Ionic style

    Loughcrew · townland · Meath

    Loughcrew House, the residence of the Napier family, is a magnificent Grecian-Ionic mansion designed by Mr. Cockerell of London, faced entirely with hewn limestone with a noble portico and old master paintings. The mansion, out-offices, and demesne improvements cost upwards of £80,000, with the demesne comprising about 900 plantation acres.

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    good building-stone ; and at the hamlet of ^Nlillbrook are some mills. Loughcrew House, the residence of the Napier family, is a magnificent structure in the Grecian-Ionic style, erected from designs by Mr. Cockerell, of Loudon; it is faced entirely with hewn limestone, has a noble portico, and contains some good paintings by the old masters. The mansion, the outoffices (which are of a superior order), and the improvements in the demesne, are stated to have cost upwards of £80,000. The demesne comprises about 900 plantation acres, of which nearly 200 are planted ; the principal approach is by a lodge of elegant design, and the scenery in the vicinity is of a pleasing character. The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of council, in 168<2, to the rectory of Moylough and the vicarage of Diamor, and by episcopal authority, in 1815, to the rectory of Russagh or Clonabreny, together constituting the union of Loughcrew, in the patronage of the Crown : the rectory is impropriate in E. Rotheram, of Crossdrum, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1'24. 12. 4., payable in equal portions to the impropriator and vicar ; and the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £■277. 5. 6. The glebe-house was built in 1821, at an expense of £1879, of which £1275 were granted as a loan by the late Board of First Fruits, £100 as a gift, and the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent. The glebe comprises 40 plantation acres, valued at £50 British per annum ; part of which is subject to a rent of £32. 15. The church, an ancient structure, for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners some years ago granted £181, has been recently pulled down, and a new one erected, at the cost of £1270, of which £500 were raised by subscription, and £770 were a grant from the same commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Oldcastle, and has a chapel at Loughcrew. LOUGH DERG.— See Templecarne. LOUGHGALL, or Levalley-Eglish, a post-town and parish, partly in the barony of Armagh, but chiefly in that of ONeilland West, union and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Armagh, and 70 (X.) from Dublin, on the great north road from Derry, through Dungannon, to Armagh ; containing 9615 inhabitants, of whom 394 are in the town. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Blackwater, and comprises, with the district parish of Charlemont, 10,924i statute acres, of which 2449| are in the barony of Armagh, and the remainder in ONeilland West ; 59| acres are water, and of the land about twothirds are exceedingly rich and fertile, and the remainder of inferior quality. The system of agriculture has been highly improved under the auspices of the resident gentry, and excellent crops are raised ; there is some valuable bog, but no waste land. Limestone abounds, and is extensively quarried for agricultural purposes and tor repairing the roads. The weaving of linencloth is carried on here to a considerable extent, affordmg employment to more than 600 persons, who are engaged by the manufacturers and bleachers of Banbridge. The principal seats are, Drumilly, an ancient mansion with two lofty square towers projecting from the front, and overlooking the village ; Hockley Lodge ; Ardress ; Green Hall ; Summer Island, belonging to Colonel Sir W. Verner ; Eden Cottage ; Cloven Eden ■ 276

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

37. Lough Currane near Ballinskellig Bay

    Lough Currane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig Bay, has several islands and is fed by the Cummaragh river, which flows from the smaller mountain lakes of Derriana and Elaineane.

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    The LAKES in the mountainous regions are numerous, but few are of large dimensions. The most remarkable for extent is the celebrated Lough Leine, the principal of the lakes of Killarney, which are three in number, and connected by straits, or short rivers. They are distinguished by the names of the Upper, the Turc, and the Lower lake. The last is about six miles in length and of great breadth, with mountains on one side of the richest grandeur, which is increased by the contrast of the level shore on the other ; the surface is overspread with islands of the most luxuriant beauty. Tore lake is separated from it by the wooded peninsula of Muekross and Dinis Island, and is still more picturesque ; but the wildest sublimity is that of the Upper Lake, about 2^ miles in length, and wholly surrounded by mountains. [For a more detailed account, see the article on Killarney.] The other lakes are as follow : — Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig bay, and which has several islands, and is fed by a stream called the Cummaragh river, flowing from the smaller lakes of Derriana and Elaineane, in the mountains ; Lough Scall, about halfway between Tralee and Dingle ; Lough Cara, near the harbour of Castlemaine ; and Lough Quinlan, near the creek of Kilmacalogue, and which contains several small floating islands. The Devil's Punch-Bowl is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton mountain, upwards of 1500 feet above the level of the sea ; it discharges its surplus water by a large stream that rolls down the mountain side in a succession of cataracts distinguished by their white foam at a considerable distance. At the foot of the same mountain is Lough Kittane, a secluded and picturesque lake.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

38. Lough Dan's wildly romantic scenery near Roundwood

    near Lough Dan · lake or lakes · Wicklow

    Lough Dan, about 160 plantation acres, forms a graceful curve in a wildly romantic district where lofty mountains rise precipitously from its waters. Bog-trout, grey-trout and char are found in abundance, and in winter the waters overspread low lands leaving oak trunks exposed.

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    of Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (\V. S. W.) from Newtown -Mount- Kennedy, and on the road from Dublin to the Seven Churches : the population is returned w ith the parish. The extensive tract of table-land on which this place is situated is watered by the river Vartrey, a fine troutstream, and is separated from Lough Dan only by the mountains of Carrigroe and Slieve Buck. From a projecting point of Slieve Buck the lake is seen in its full extent of about 160 plantation acres, supplied by a stream from Mount Tay, and another from the mountains to the west. The lake forms a graceful curve in the centre of a wildly romantic district ; the lofty mountains which rise precipitously from its waters enwrap it in continual gloom, and add much to the striking solemnity of its appearance. Bog-trout, grey-trout, and char are found in abundance; in winter its waters overspread the low lands in the neighbourhood, and, on returning to their bed, leave large trunks of oak-trees exposed on the surface of the land. Lead-ore is to be obtained on the shores of the lake, and mines were formerly worked there. The village contains 19 houses, neatly built ; and is much frequented by strangers and visiters from Dublin, for its beautiful mountain scenery, and its proximity to Lough Daii, Glendalough, and Luggelaw, which last is described under the head of Calary. A little above it is Roundwood Park, a pleasant residence, the grounds of which are tastefully laid out and planted ; and near the shore of Lough Dan is Lake Park, which, with others, is more particularly noticed in the article on Derralossory. There are a good inn in the village, and some smaller houses for the accommodation of visiters. Fairs are held on Jan. 3rd for cattle, March 8th for frieze, March 14th for cattle, and May 19th, July 26th, Aug. 1st, and Sept. 5th and 19th, for frieze. A constabulary police force is stationed here ; there is a neat Roman Catholic chapel belonging to the union of Glendalough, and a school is supported by subscription.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 267

39. Lough Derg pilgrimage destination in Donegal

    near Lough Derg · lake or lakes · Donegal

    Lough Derg in Donegal was a major pilgrimage destination, especially in the summer months. Persons in affluent circumstances were known to walk barefoot to the site as a form of penance.

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    in their great repugnance to hire as servants, an occupation considered by them to be highly disreputable ; hence they remain at home, living in penury in a cabin and on a small patch of ground. They are exceedingly litigious, ever ready to have recourse to the law upon the most trivial subjects ; they are also extremely superstitious. Tlie first day of the year, and of the month or week, is considered the most proper time to commence an undertaking. No one removes to a new habitation on a Friday. A large candle is lighted on Christmas- night, and suffered to burn out : should it be extinguished by accident, or otherwise, before it be completely burned away, it is considered as a certain prognostic of the death of the head of the family. The 1st of May, and Midsummer-day, are observed with great regularity, as are all the other festivals usual throughout the country ; that of Hallow-Eve concludes with a supper of boiled wheat buttered and sweetened, called Granbree. In the summer months, many individuals set out on pilgrimages either to holy wells in the vicinity, or to Lough Derg, in Donegal, to which latter place persons in affluent circumstances have been known to walk barefoot as a penance. The places at which violent or sudden deaths have occurred, particularly if near a road, are marked by heaps of stones, to which every passenger deems it a duty incumbent on him to add one. The Irish language is scarcely ever heard, except in the mountainous districts among the old people ; adults and children every where speak English. Of the ancient families of this county, scarce any traces now remain : titles of the most romantic kind were assumed and borne by the heads of several clans, all of which have long since fallen into disuse.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 108

40. Lough Derg scenery, mansions, castles and fishing

    near Lough Derg · lake or lakes · Donegal

    Lough Derg extends about thirty miles and abounds with beautiful scenery, especially near Killaloe, with shores embellished by handsome mansions in luxuriant woods and several ancient and venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout and other fish including the Gallaroo trout are taken in abundance.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a rising ground on the western bank of the Shannon, near the noted falls of Killaloe, and about a mile from Lough Derg ; and is connected with the county of Tipperary by an ancient bridge of nineteen arches. It consists of one square, with a principal and several smaller streets, and contains about 300 houses. There is a small infantry barrack. A flourishing trade in stuffs, camlets, and serges was formerly carried on, and two well-supplied markets were held weekly ; but both the manufacture and the narkets have been discontinued. Above and below the bridge are numerous eel-weirs, which produce a strong current in the river ; and there is also a salmon-fishery. In the vicinity are some very extensive slate-quarries, from which, on an average, about 8000 tons are annually raised for the supply of the surrounding country to a great distance. A mill, with machinery driven by water, has been erected at an expense of £6000, for cutting and polishing stone and marble, and working them into mantel- pieces, flags, slabs, and other articles, in which about 100 men are employed, for whose residence near the works there are some handsome slated cottages. A spirit of cheerful industry and of enterprise seems to promise much for the increasing prosperity of the town. Close to the mill is a yard for boat-building, belonging to the Shannon Steam-Navigation Company, whose head-quarters are at this place and who have established a regular communication by steam-packets, for goods and passengers, up the Shannon, through Lough Derg to Portumna, Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canalboats to Dublin. The company afford employment to a great number of persons in the construction and repair of docks and warehouses. About a quarter of a mile from the village of O'Brien's-Bridge is the pierhead, where the steam-boats transfer their cargoes and passengers to a packet-boat, which is towed at a rapid rate to Limerick, between which place and Dublin boats ply daily ; the trip to Portumna and ■Williamstown is beautifully picturesque. Below the bridge the navigation of the Shannon is interrupted by a ridge of rocks, over which the water rushes with great noise ; and the appearance of the town at this place, with the waters of Lough Derg in the distance, and the venerable cathedral rising above the bridge and backed by a fine mountain range, is strikingly romantic. To remedy this obstruction of the navigation, the Board of Inland Navigation constructed a canal through the bishop's demesne, avoiding the rocks, and joining the river beyond the falls ; it also erected an hotel, called the Ponsonby Arms, for the accommodation of families visiting Lough Derg and its neighbourhood. The lake is about thirty miles in length, and abounds with beautiful and interesting scenery, more especially in that part which is near the town ; the shores are embellished ■with several handsome mansions, embosomed in luxuriant woods and plantations, and with several ancient and venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout, and various other fish are taken in abundance ; among them is found the Gallaroo trout. Fairs are held on April 5th, May 24th, Sept. 3rd, and Oct. 20th ; and petty-sessions once a fortnight. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

41. Lough Derravaragh celebrated for trout and Goaske fish

    near Lough Derravaragh · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Lough Derravaragh is noted for its white and red trout. Around May, a small pleasant-flavoured fish called the Goaske, about the size of a herring, is taken there and in neighbouring lakes.

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    The manufactures are merely such as supply the demands of the inhabitants, being confined almost wholly to friezes, flannels, and coarse linens. There are no fisheries of any consequence, although all the lakes are stored with fish of various kinds and excellent quality. The Inny is well stocked with bream, trout, pike, eel, and roach ; salmon is found in the Inny and Brosiia, coming out of the Shannon ; Lough Dereveragh is celebrated for its white and red trout ; and about the month of May, a small fish of very pleasant flavour, called the Goaske, of the size of a herring, is taken in this and the neighbouring lake. In the ditches near the borders of Lough Hoyle, an incredible quantity of the fry offish is caught from September to March. In the bogs, and especially in slimy pits covered with water, is found a muscle, flatter and broader than the common sea muscle, the shell brighter in colour, much thinner, and very brittle. They are not numerous, nor are they much used as food.

    The Brosna and the Iiinij are the only rivers of any importance in the county : the former rises near Lough Hoyle ; the latter at Longhcrew, in the county of Mcath. Numerous rivulets, flowing through every part, discharge themsehes either into the lakes, or the larger rivers. The more remarkable of the lesser rivers are the 651

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

42. Lough Erne waters reach the sea at Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    The waters of Lough Erne pass through County Fermanagh and flow into the Atlantic Ocean at Ballyshannon. Prevailing winds from that quarter drive vapours up the vale for nine months of the year, influencing the local climate.

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    for the most part forming the county of Fermanagh, through which pass the waters of Lough Krne to their influx into the Atlantic Ocean at Ballyshannon ; and as the wind from that quarter prevails for nine months in the year, the vapours are driven up the vale with great force, and, rushing against the Slievebeagh mountains, cause frequent showers or mists. This humidity is much increased by the numerous lakes, whose exhalations, even in summer, are sensibly felt, particularly by strangers. The inhabitants, however, are in general very healthy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 160

43. Lough Forbes on north-western Longford boundary

    near Lough Forbes · lake or lakes · Longford

    Lough Forbes, near the north-western boundary of Longford, is about five miles long by one mile broad. It lies along the Shannon which forms the western verge of the county.

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    country improves very much, particularly on the banks of the Inny, where the land is more fertile and is well cultivated : near Ballymahon the scenery is varied and beautiful. Lakes are numerous in many parts, particularly in the baronies of Longford and Granard ; the most extensive are, Lough Gownagh, in the northern extremity of the county, and Lough Kinale, near Granard, both of which contribute to form the boundary between this county and Cavan. In each are several islands, and each possesses considerable interest from the surrounding scenery, which is much heightened by young and flourishing plantations. The principal islands in Lough Gownagh are Innismore, Inchmory, Innisdavoge, and Jasper Island, each of which is fertile, planted or embellished with remains of ancient buildings. Those of Lough Kinale are Chapel Island and Bruree : the former has the ruins of an old church on it ; the latter is planted. The other more remarkable lakes are Loughs Bon, Bonnow, Drum, Derry, Drumurry, Doogary, Gurteen, Tully, and Glin : the last-named, which is on the borders of the county eastward of Edgeworthstown, receives several streams from the north and west, and empties its waters by a winding river into Lough Iron, in the county of Westmeath. The Shannon is the boundary along the whole western verge of the county, separating it from Connaught, and for the greater part of its course presents more the appearance of a lake than of a river : near the north-western boundary of Longford is Lough Forbes, about five miles long by one broad ; and at Lanesborough is the commencement of Lough Ree, a noble expanse of water extending from that town to the neighbourhood of Athlone. The islands of this latter lake are numerous, and some of them large ; those which may be considered to belong to the county of Longford are All Saints, Inchban, Innisbofin, Inniscloran, Quakers' Island, and Inchynough.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 106

44. Loughgall church with cenotaph to Bishop Cope

    Loughgall · townland · Armagh · 1795

    Loughgall church, built in 1795 by subscription and assessments, is a neat early English style edifice of hewn marble with a square tower. Its elegantly arranged interior contains a handsome cenotaph to Bishop Cope, who served as curate of the parish.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, constituting the corps of the prebend of Loughgall in the cathedral of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord-Primate : the tithe rent-charge is £384. 7. 6. The glebe-house is a handsome residence, on which, in 1782, £220. 17- were expended in improvements; the glebe comprises 139| statute acres, valued at £179 per annum, which, together with houses and gardens in the village, valued at £48. 5., makes the whole value of the prebend £611. 12. 6. per annum. The church, a neat edifice in the early English style, with a square tower, vias built in 1795 by subscription and assessments ; a gallery was added to it in 1822, at an expense of £110. 15., and it has been since repaired by a grant of £110 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The building is of hewn marble ; the interior is elegantly arranged, and contains a handsome cenotaph to Bishop Cope, who was for some time curate of the parish. There is a district church at Charlemont, the living of which is a perpetual curacy. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also that of Tartaragan ; in each parish is a chapel. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and at Ballymagerney is a place of worship for Methodists. Of several schools, one was endowed with a school-house and two acres of land by Colonel Cope, and is supported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; three are supported by Mr. Cope, and one by donations from the incumbent and Sir T. Molyneux. Nearly in the centre of the village are the ruins of the ancient church, of which the western gable and turret are nearly entire.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

45. Loughgall town in a fertile valley

    Loughgall · townland · Armagh

    Loughgall is a small post-town beautifully situated in a fertile valley in county Armagh, consisting of 71 houses, many large and well-built. Though its market and four fairs have been discontinued, it retains a market-house, a constabulary police force, and a monthly manorial court.

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    and Loughgall House. The fine demesne of Castle- Dillon, the seat of Sir Thos. Molyneux, which is described particularly in the account of Richhill, is partly in this parish and partly in that of Armagh. The village or town, though small, is beautifully situated in a fertile valley in the midst of a richly cultivated and picturesque country ; and consists of 7 1 houses, the greater number of which are large, well built, and of handsome appearance. There is a market-house ; but the market, and also four fairs which were formerly held, have been discontinued. A constabulary police force is stationed here ; and a manorial court is held monthly before the seneschal, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40i.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

46. Loughgilly lake, a former morass drained for cultivation

    near Loughgilly · parish · Armagh

    Loughgilly parish takes its name from a lake that once extended several miles as a continued morass. Except for about 3 acres of water near the glebe-house, the entire lake has been drained and brought into cultivation.

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    LOUGHGILLY, a parish, partly in the barony of Lower Fews, and partly in that of Upper Fews, but chiefly in the barony of Lower Orior, or Orier, union of Newry, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Market-Hill, and on the road from Armagh to Newry ; containing, with the district parish of Baleek and the village of Mountnorris {which see), 9S52 inhabitants. This parish, which takes its name from the lake on which it is situated, comprises 16,029| statute acres, including 80^ of water; 5299 are in Lower Fews, 2289^ in Upper Fews, and 8441^ in Lower Orior. The lake extended several miles in length from Poyntz-Pass to Mountnorris, forming a continued morass, and fortified by a military post at the former place, and at the latter by another erected by General Norris, from whom that station had its name; but with the exception of about 3 acres of water near the glebe-house, the whole has been drained and brought into cultivation. The land in the parish is fertile :

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

47. Lough-Glynn House, seat of Viscount Dillon

    Loughglinn · town · Roscommon

    Lough-Glynn House is the seat of Viscount Dillon, a large massive building with angular bay-windows situated on the northern bank of a lake about an Irish mile long, with green banks, a wooded island, and two ash-trees of remarkable growth on the opposite side.

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    and ridges bounded by bogs, forming altogether a wild tract, one half bog and the other inferior land, under an unimproved system of agriculture. The Gara rises in the parish, as docs a branch of the river Suck. To the north-east of Lough-Glynn is the high sandstone hill of Fairy Mount ; and two miles west of the village are some furloughs, presenting a considerable extent of water in winter, but dry in summer, of which Feigh is the principal, containing 200 acres and celebrated for the numbers of wild-fowl that resort thither. The river Gara runs underground for about a mile in this vicinity. The manufacture of felt-hats is carried on. A manor court is held monthly in the parish, and petty-sessions and fairs are held at Frenchpark ; there are also fairs at Lough-Glynn. Lough-Glynn House, with its lake and fine hanging woods, is the seat of Viscount Dillon ; it is a large massive building, with angular bay-windows, and has a noble appearance, from its situation on the northern bank of the lake, which is about an Irish mile long, having smooth green banks sloping to the water's edge or banks overspread with trees, and a wooded island : on the opposite side of the lake are two ashtrees of remarkable growth. About five miles west is Lough-Erritt, a highly improved seat, beautifully situated in an extensively planted demesne, at the head of a lake of the same name, which covers upwards of 360 statute acres and contains very fine fish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 318

48. Lough Gur's romantic knolls, islands, and cave

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick

    Lough Gur is listed among the natural curiosities of the county, noted for its romantic knolls, islands, and a cave. It is situated in County Limerick.

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    The peasantry differ little in their manners, habits, and dwellings, from the same class in the other southern agricultural counties ; their dwellings being thatched cabins, their food potatoes, with milk and butter occasionally, their fuel turf, their clothing home-made frieze and cheap cottons and stuffs. Their attachment to the neighbourhood of their nativity, and their love of large assemblages, whether for purposes of festivity or mourning, are further indications of the community of feelings and customs with their countrymen in the surrounding counties. Among the natural curiosities may be included Lough Gur, with its romantic knolls, islands, and cave ; the Castle-Connell chalybeate and astringent spa ; and the sulphuric spring at Montpelier, in the parish of Kilnegariff. Bones and horns of the moosedeer have been found in many parts of the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

49. Loughin-Island ruins: churches and St. Fynian's cell

    near Loughinisland · parish · Down · 1547–1710

    On Loughin-Island are ruins of three edifices. The central one is conjectured to be the original parish church; the northern one, built in 1547, served as church until 1710; the third is traditionally said to have been a cell of St. Fynian and the private chapel and burial-place of the Macartans.

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    On Castle hill, northward of Anadorn, stood a fort ; contiguous to which was the castle of the Macartans, the former proprietors of the present barony of Kinelarty. At Clough are the ruins of an old castle, one of the ancient cuslella murata, remarkable for being situated on the top of a fort which originally formed the northern end of a chain of forts with their accustomed ramparts and ditches, extending as far southward as the gardens attached to Clough House ; from this fort is a full view of two separate lines of forts, and of the whole of Dundnim bay and castle. A little northward of Castle hill, in an angle formed by two roads, is a cromlech, which still preserves much of its original form ; and near it were found, some years ago, while excavating for the foundation of a dwelling-house, several sepulchral urns, in which, and also in a kistvaen discovered on the western side of the island lough, were calcined bones and ashes. On the island called Loughin- Island, a romantic and sequestered spot, are the ruins of three edifices which, though not exactly parallel, are, in their general bearings, east and west. The central one is conjectured to have been the original parish church ; the one to the northward, built in 1,547, was used as such till 17-0, when the present church was built at Seaforde ; and the third is traditionally said to have been a cell of St. Fynian, and was the private chapel and burial-place of the Macartans. At the ■western extremity of the townland of Drumcaw, is a very ancient bridge of one arch, over the Moneycarra river.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 113

50. Lough Island Reavy reservoir for River Bann

    near Lough Island Reavy · lake or lakes · Down

    A reservoir covering 2.5 acres was constructed at Lough Island Reavy in Kilcoo parish to supply water to the River Bann in dry weather, holding a 13-week supply at an estimated cost of £20,000 to the Bann Company.

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    sides arc here covered with verdure, but the south and west sides present chiefly large tracts of bog. The principal seats are, Tollymore Park, the elegant residence of the Earl of Roden, situated in a ridily wooded and well watered demesne ; and Donard Lodge, the handsome mansion of Earl Annesley, erected in 1830 on the acclivity of Slieve Donard, and commanding some fine views. The parish is in the diocese of Down, and the rectory forms part of the union of Kilkeel and corps of the treasurership of the cathedral of Down ; the tithe rent-charge is £'225. The church, with the village of Kilcoo, was burnt in 1641, and in 1712 a church was built at Bryansford, which, being too small for the congregation, was considerably enlarged in 1806, when a tower was added to it ; the edifice was repaired by aid of a grant of £200 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1812. There is also a handsome church with a lofty spire at Newcastle, built in the year 1833, at the expense of Earl Annesley, who appoints the minister and pays his stipend. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish includes the districts of Bryansford and Kilcoo : there are two chapels, situated respectively at Bryansford and Ballymony ; and at Newcastle is a place of worship for Wesleyau Methodists. A school at Fofeny was founded in 1822, by the Earl of Roden, who also built another at Bryansford for boys, with a house for the master, in 1S26, and by whom both are supported. A school for girls at Bryansford, with a cottage for the mistress, the whole built in 1S22, is supported by the Countess of Roden ; and a large and handsome school-house has been lately built at Slievenaman, on Earl Annesley's propertj'. There are schools also at Lower Kilcoo, Ballymony, and Ardaghy. On the western side of the parish, at Lough Island Reavy, a reservoir has been constructed for supplying water to the river Bann in dry weather ; it covers an area of 2.^5 acres, and when filled will contain a supply for 13 weeks : the expense to the Bann Company has been estimated at £20,000. A new quay was lately erected at Newcastle, to afford shelter to vessels passing the channel in stormy weather ; the expense was defrayed by a grant from government, aided by a subscription from Earl Annesley : it is however at present in great need of repair.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

51. Lough Kea (Rockingham Lake) near Boyle

    near Lough Key · lake or lakes · Roscommon

    Lough Kea, the largest and most beautiful lake wholly belonging to County Roscommon, lies close to the town of Boyle and is now known as Rockingham Lake from Lord Lorton's seat on its southern shore. Several rivers from the south and west are tributary to it, with its principal supply coming from Lough Gara via the Boyle water.

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    The largest and most beautiful of the lakes wholly belonging to the county is Lough Kea, close to the town of Boyle, now more generally known by the name of Rockingham Lake, from the seat of Lord Lorton on its southern shore. Several rivers from the south and west are tributary to it, but its principal supply proceeds from Lough Gara, on the borders of Sligo, whence a rapid stream called the Boyle water enters the western extremity of the lake ; it discharges itself by a narrow outlet, which soon expands into a series of lakes that take their common name from the town of Oakford in their neighbourhood, and empty themselves into the Shannon. The scenery throughout the whole of this chain of lakes is highly picturesque. To the north of Lough Kea are the smaller lakes of Lough Skean and Lough Meelagh, the latter very beautiful, and both communicating with the Shannon by a common outlet. In the west of the county is Lough Aeluyn, and in its neighbourhood are Loughs Erritt and Glynn. In the central part, to the east of Elphin and Strokestown, are numerous small lakes, the waters of most of which find a passage to the Shannon; Lough Funcheon, in the barony of Athlone, is the only lake of any extent in the south. The eastern boundary of the county is bordered by several of the lakes formed by the Shannon ; Lough Gara, already noticed, is on its western side between it and Sligo. In winter, the extent of water in the county is considerably increased by turloughs or temporary lakes, which usually disappear in summer, though they sometimes remain through the whole of that season, and occasionally even a second year. These turloughs, which vary considerably in extent during different years, occupy shallow basins in the limestone districts, where fissures in the rocks, and swallow-holes, occur ; and are apparently formed by these vents being stopped by the back-water from the subterraneous reservoirs with which they are connected. Such as have a grassy bottom, when the waters retire in time, produce most luxuriant crops. Some are of considerable size ; that of Mantua contains about 600 English acres, and one near Lough Glynn is upwards of half a mile in length : they are most numerous in the western and central parts of the county. The extent of surface occupied by water, in the baronies of Boyle and Roscommon, is much greater than in all the other divisions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

52. Lough Kittane, secluded lake at Mangerton's foot

    near Lough Guitane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    At the foot of Mangerton Mountain lies Lough Kittane, described as a secluded and picturesque lake in the Kerry uplands.

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    The LAKES in the mountainous regions are numerous, but few are of large dimensions. The most remarkable for extent is the celebrated Lough Leine, the principal of the lakes of Killarney, which are three in number, and connected by straits, or short rivers. They are distinguished by the names of the Upper, the Turc, and the Lower lake. The last is about six miles in length and of great breadth, with mountains on one side of the richest grandeur, which is increased by the contrast of the level shore on the other ; the surface is overspread with islands of the most luxuriant beauty. Tore lake is separated from it by the wooded peninsula of Muekross and Dinis Island, and is still more picturesque ; but the wildest sublimity is that of the Upper Lake, about 2^ miles in length, and wholly surrounded by mountains. [For a more detailed account, see the article on Killarney.] The other lakes are as follow : — Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig bay, and which has several islands, and is fed by a stream called the Cummaragh river, flowing from the smaller lakes of Derriana and Elaineane, in the mountains ; Lough Scall, about halfway between Tralee and Dingle ; Lough Cara, near the harbour of Castlemaine ; and Lough Quinlan, near the creek of Kilmacalogue, and which contains several small floating islands. The Devil's Punch-Bowl is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton mountain, upwards of 1500 feet above the level of the sea ; it discharges its surplus water by a large stream that rolls down the mountain side in a succession of cataracts distinguished by their white foam at a considerable distance. At the foot of the same mountain is Lough Kittane, a secluded and picturesque lake.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

53. Lough Leane, principal lake of Killarney

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    Lough Leane is the celebrated principal lake of Killarney, three lakes connected by straits or short rivers. The Lower lake is about six miles long with mountains on one side and islands on its surface.

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    The LAKES in the mountainous regions are numerous, but few are of large dimensions. The most remarkable for extent is the celebrated Lough Leine, the principal of the lakes of Killarney, which are three in number, and connected by straits, or short rivers. They are distinguished by the names of the Upper, the Turc, and the Lower lake. The last is about six miles in length and of great breadth, with mountains on one side of the richest grandeur, which is increased by the contrast of the level shore on the other ; the surface is overspread with islands of the most luxuriant beauty. Tore lake is separated from it by the wooded peninsula of Muekross and Dinis Island, and is still more picturesque ; but the wildest sublimity is that of the Upper Lake, about 2^ miles in length, and wholly surrounded by mountains. [For a more detailed account, see the article on Killarney.] The other lakes are as follow : — Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig bay, and which has several islands, and is fed by a stream called the Cummaragh river, flowing from the smaller lakes of Derriana and Elaineane, in the mountains ; Lough Scall, about halfway between Tralee and Dingle ; Lough Cara, near the harbour of Castlemaine ; and Lough Quinlan, near the creek of Kilmacalogue, and which contains several small floating islands. The Devil's Punch-Bowl is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton mountain, upwards of 1500 feet above the level of the sea ; it discharges its surplus water by a large stream that rolls down the mountain side in a succession of cataracts distinguished by their white foam at a considerable distance. At the foot of the same mountain is Lough Kittane, a secluded and picturesque lake.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

54. Lough Lene's clear waters with no visible outlet

    near Lough Lene · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Lough Lein (Lene), three miles east of Lough Derravaragh, is an irregular oval lake whose waters are peculiarly clear and remarkable for having no visible outlet. It is surrounded by high grounds rising into lofty hills clothed with rich verdure and plantations, with four fertile and well-planted islands.

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    very centre of the county ; the land around rises gently from its margin, and is fertile and richly planted. The only stream by which it is supplied is the Brosna. Two streams, called the Golden Arm and the Silver Arm, formerly flowed from it, one from each of its extremities ; but both have been dammed up, and the low grounds on the borders of the lake raised by embankments so as to increase the body of water contained in it, in order to render it the feeder of the summit level of the Royal Canal. This alteration enlarged the surface of the Hoyle to an extent of 2400 acres. The lake has four islands, on one of which is an ancient chapel of rude masonry, with a burial-ground, heretofore much resorted to by pilgrims from distant parts ; the isle afforded an asylum to many of the Protestants in the neighbouring country at the commencement of the war of 1641. The other islands are planted. Further north is Lough Dereveragh, a winding sheet of water of very irregular form, 11 miles long, and 3 in its greatest breadth ; its waters discharge themselves through the lower Inny into Lough Iron or Hiern. This latter is the most western lake in the county, and is a long sheet of water, but 5 of a mile broad, and very shallow : its banks are enriched with some fine scenery towards Baronstown and Kilbixy ; and from its northern extremity the Inny takes its course towards the county of Longford. Lough Lein, three miles to the east of Dereveragh, is of an irregular oval form, two miles long and one broad : its waters are peculiarly clear, and remarkable for having no visible outlet, nor any inlet except a small stream which flows only in rainy seasons ; it is surrounded on every side by high grounds, which on the north and south rise into lofty hills from the margin of the lake, and are clothed to their summits with rich verdure and flourishing plantations. There are four fertile and well planted islands in the lake. In the west is Lough Seucly, a romantic sheet of water near the old fortress of Ballymore. Two miles north-east from Mullingar are the small lakes of Ktwckclriii, Chilean, and Clonshever ; Knockdrin supplies Lough CuUean, which, after flowing through a bog, falls into Lough Clonshever, whence the Brosna has derived its supply since the waters of Lough Hoyle have been appropriated exclusively to the supply of the Royal Canal. Among the other smaller lakes scattered throughout the county, the principal are Lough Maghan, and the two lakes of Water stoKn, near Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

55. Lough Meelagh and Lough Skean north of Lough Kea

    Lough Meelagh · lake or lakes · Roscommon

    North of Lough Kea are the smaller lakes of Lough Skean and Lough Meelagh, the latter described as very beautiful. Both lakes communicate with the Shannon by a common outlet.

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    The largest and most beautiful of the lakes wholly belonging to the county is Lough Kea, close to the town of Boyle, now more generally known by the name of Rockingham Lake, from the seat of Lord Lorton on its southern shore. Several rivers from the south and west are tributary to it, but its principal supply proceeds from Lough Gara, on the borders of Sligo, whence a rapid stream called the Boyle water enters the western extremity of the lake ; it discharges itself by a narrow outlet, which soon expands into a series of lakes that take their common name from the town of Oakford in their neighbourhood, and empty themselves into the Shannon. The scenery throughout the whole of this chain of lakes is highly picturesque. To the north of Lough Kea are the smaller lakes of Lough Skean and Lough Meelagh, the latter very beautiful, and both communicating with the Shannon by a common outlet. In the west of the county is Lough Aeluyn, and in its neighbourhood are Loughs Erritt and Glynn. In the central part, to the east of Elphin and Strokestown, are numerous small lakes, the waters of most of which find a passage to the Shannon; Lough Funcheon, in the barony of Athlone, is the only lake of any extent in the south. The eastern boundary of the county is bordered by several of the lakes formed by the Shannon ; Lough Gara, already noticed, is on its western side between it and Sligo. In winter, the extent of water in the county is considerably increased by turloughs or temporary lakes, which usually disappear in summer, though they sometimes remain through the whole of that season, and occasionally even a second year. These turloughs, which vary considerably in extent during different years, occupy shallow basins in the limestone districts, where fissures in the rocks, and swallow-holes, occur ; and are apparently formed by these vents being stopped by the back-water from the subterraneous reservoirs with which they are connected. Such as have a grassy bottom, when the waters retire in time, produce most luxuriant crops. Some are of considerable size ; that of Mantua contains about 600 English acres, and one near Lough Glynn is upwards of half a mile in length : they are most numerous in the western and central parts of the county. The extent of surface occupied by water, in the baronies of Boyle and Roscommon, is much greater than in all the other divisions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

56. Lough Owel island chapel and 1641 Protestant asylum

    Lough Owel · lake or lakes · Westmeath · 1641

    An island in Lough Owel contains an ancient chapel of rude masonry with a burial-ground, formerly much frequented by pilgrims from distant parts. The same island served as an asylum for many Protestants in the neighbouring country at the commencement of the war of 1641.

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    very centre of the county ; the land around rises gently from its margin, and is fertile and richly planted. The only stream by which it is supplied is the Brosna. Two streams, called the Golden Arm and the Silver Arm, formerly flowed from it, one from each of its extremities ; but both have been dammed up, and the low grounds on the borders of the lake raised by embankments so as to increase the body of water contained in it, in order to render it the feeder of the summit level of the Royal Canal. This alteration enlarged the surface of the Hoyle to an extent of 2400 acres. The lake has four islands, on one of which is an ancient chapel of rude masonry, with a burial-ground, heretofore much resorted to by pilgrims from distant parts ; the isle afforded an asylum to many of the Protestants in the neighbouring country at the commencement of the war of 1641. The other islands are planted. Further north is Lough Dereveragh, a winding sheet of water of very irregular form, 11 miles long, and 3 in its greatest breadth ; its waters discharge themselves through the lower Inny into Lough Iron or Hiern. This latter is the most western lake in the county, and is a long sheet of water, but 5 of a mile broad, and very shallow : its banks are enriched with some fine scenery towards Baronstown and Kilbixy ; and from its northern extremity the Inny takes its course towards the county of Longford. Lough Lein, three miles to the east of Dereveragh, is of an irregular oval form, two miles long and one broad : its waters are peculiarly clear, and remarkable for having no visible outlet, nor any inlet except a small stream which flows only in rainy seasons ; it is surrounded on every side by high grounds, which on the north and south rise into lofty hills from the margin of the lake, and are clothed to their summits with rich verdure and flourishing plantations. There are four fertile and well planted islands in the lake. In the west is Lough Seucly, a romantic sheet of water near the old fortress of Ballymore. Two miles north-east from Mullingar are the small lakes of Ktwckclriii, Chilean, and Clonshever ; Knockdrin supplies Lough CuUean, which, after flowing through a bog, falls into Lough Clonshever, whence the Brosna has derived its supply since the waters of Lough Hoyle have been appropriated exclusively to the supply of the Royal Canal. Among the other smaller lakes scattered throughout the county, the principal are Lough Maghan, and the two lakes of Water stoKn, near Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

57. Loughrea monastery founded by Richard de Burgh c.1300

    Loughrea · town · Galway · 1300

    Loughrea was chiefly remarkable for its monastery, founded by Richard de Burgh about 1300 for Carmelites or White friars. After the Dissolution it was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanricarde. A castle was erected by the Earl of Ulster, and the town was fortified due to its strategic importance.

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    LOUGHREA, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Loighrea, county of Galway, and province of Co.nn aught, 18 miles (E. byS.) from Galway, and 86^ (W. byS.) from Dublin; containing 7152 inhabitants, of whom 5458 are in the town and suburbs. This place, which is situated on the shore of Lough Rea, was chiefly remarkable for its monastery, founded by Richard de Burgh, about the year 1300, for Carmelites or White friars ; after the Dissolution it was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanricarde, ancestor of the present proprietor. A castle was erected here by the Earl of Ulster at an early period ; and the town, from its situation in the approach to Galway, was deemed of so much importance that it was fortified. It at present consists of several streets, and contains 9S8 houses, many of which are neat and well built; in the year 1841 the inhabitants adopted the act 9th George IV., cap. 82, for Lighting, Paving, and Watching Towns in Ireland. There is a promenade called the Mall, which is much frequented, and the neighbourhood abounds with pleasingly diversified scenery. The lake, which is about one mile in diameter, has three small islands of picturesque appearance j its shores are enlivened by some pleasing cottages, and embellished on the south and east with hills of beautiful verdure. An extensive brewery has been erected on the side of the lake, by Mr. L. Fahy. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Galway. A branch of the National Bank has been established. The market is on Thursday, and is well supplied with grain and provisions of every kind, and with poultry in abundance : fairs are held on Feb. 1 1th, May '26th and 27th, Aug. 20th, and Dec. 5th ; the May fair is numerously attended by purchasers for horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, of which last great numbers are sold at all the fairs. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town, which is also the head station of the central district of the revenue police, including those of Loughrea, Galway, Ballinasloe, and Athlone, and comprising a force of three lieutenants, three sergeants, and 58 privates, under the control of a resident sub-inspector. A manorial court is held before the seneschal ; petty-sessions are held every Thursday, and quarter-sessions twice in the year before the assistant barrister for the county. In a small bride'well are a few cells, with two day-rooms and two yards.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 113

58. Lough Salt mountain and lake

    near Lough Salt · lake or lakes · Donegal

    Lough Salt mountain, 1541 feet high, stands in Kilmacrenan parish and commands a magnificent prospect. The lough, 815 feet above sea level and 204 feet deep, lies on the mountainside, offering fine views of Lough Swilly, Letterkenny, and the surrounding country.

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    KILMACRENAN, a post-town and parish, in the union of Milford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster. 6 miles (N. N. w.) from Lctterkenny, on the road to Dunfanaghy; containing 9343 inhabitants. St. Columb founded an abbey here, which was richly endowed ; and one of the O'Donells, princes of Tyrconnell, subsequently founded an abbey for conventual Franciscans, which at the Dissolution was granted to Trinity College, Dublin : the present church is supposed to be part of it, and has a mitred head sculptured in relief over the door. Near the village is the rock of Doune, on which the O'Donells were always inaugurated by priests whom they regarded as descendants of St. Columb : the last inauguration was that of Sir Niall Garbh O'Donell, the successor of Hugh Roe O'Donell, but the ceremony being performed without the Lord-Lieutenant's consent, he was degraded from his chieftainship. The parish comprises 35,617 statute acres, of -which ~S'2^ are in small loughs, and 6 in the tideway of the river Lackagb : the system of agriculture is improving, and there is some mountain and bog; fine granite is obtained. The village has a sub-post office to Lctterkenny, and is a constabulary police and a revenue police station ; a new barrack has been just built for each of these forces : fairs are held on the first day of every month, and there is a dispensary. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin : the tithe rentcharge is £506. 5. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits gave £100, and lent £1125, in 1815; the glebe comprises 150 acres. The church, a handsome edifice, was erected in 1846, at a cost of nearly £1300, of which £250 were local subscriptions, and the remainder was supplied from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly the head of a district, and partly united to Gartau, and has a chapel in each portion. There is also a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. Lough Salt mountain, 1541 feet high, is in this parish, and commands a magnificent prospect : the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

59. Loughshinny village in parish of Lusk

    near Loughshinny · street · Dublin

    Loughshinny is a village in the parish of Lusk, union of Balrothery, barony of Balrothery East, county of Dublin, containing 28 houses and 198 inhabitants.

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    LOUGHSHINNY, a viUage, in the parish of Ltjsk, union of Balrotherv, barony of Balrothery East, county of Dublin, and province of Munster ; containing 28 houses, and 198 inhabitants.

    LOUISBORGH.— See Lewisburgh.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

60. Lough Sillan, scenic lake near Shercock

    near Lough Sillan · lake or lakes · Cavan

    Lough Sillan, or Swillan, is a fine sheet of water some miles in circumference, surrounded by picturesque hills formerly clothed with wood. Its northern shores are planted while the southern ground is elevated and covered with corn-fields, with views bounded by high hills.

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    SHERCOCK, or Killan, a parish, in the union of Bailieborough, barony of Clonkee, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. W.) from Carrickmacross, and on the road from Kingscourt to Cootehill ; containing 5544 inhabitants. It comprises 82^1 statute acres : the land, in general good, is chiefly under tillage, producing crops of oats, potatoes, and flax. On the townland of Glasleck, about two miles south of the village and contiguous to the Bailieborough road, appears a thick stratum of coal of a very sulphureous quality ; also some iron-ore ; but neither is worked : here are several quarries of good building-stone. The village, which comprises 82 houses, has a receiving-house for letters under Carrickmacross, and is a constabulary police station ; a court for the manor of Pierce Court is occasionally held here, for the recovery of debts under 40i-., and petty-sessions on alternate Thursdays. There is a market for flax, poultry, and pigs, every Wednesday ; also a corn-market every Saturday ; and fairs, where horses, cows, sheep, asses, and goats are exposed for sale, take place on the second Wednesday of every month. The weaving of coarse linen was once carried on to a great extent, but of late years it has considerably diminished. Lough Sillan, or Swillan, is a fine sheet of water, some miles in circumference, and surrounded by picturesque hills formerly clothed with wood : on the north its shores are planted, while on the south the ground is elevated, and covered with corn-fields ; the view of the whole being bounded by high hills. The gentlemen's seats are Shinan and Northlands.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277