A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Roscommon Castle ruins described

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon

   The ruins of the Castle on the north side of Roscommon town occupy a quadrangular area of 223 feet by 173 feet, with each angle defended by a round tower. Two similar towers project from the eastern side to defend the gateway entrance, and a square gateway tower stands on the western side, with the whole surrounded by outer walls.

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   There are some remains of the Dominican Friary, consisting of the church, 137 feet in length, and 23 in width, with a northern transept, in which is an aisle separated by four pointed arches, resting on massive round pillars : over the principal entrance is a very beautiful window, with an enriched architrave decorated with pinnacles. The windows in the choir and other parts are lancet-shaped, and much mutilated ; under an arch on the north side of the choir is a tomb with a mutilated effigy, said to be that of O'Conor, and on the base are four warlike figures in high relief, representing ancient gallowglasses. Fragments of sculptured stones are scattered over the whole area, which, notwithstanding the shallowness of the soil, is still used as a burialplace. The ruins of the Castle, on the north side of the town, have a grand and imposing appearance, as seen from various points of view ; they occupy a quadrangular area, 2*23 feet in length, and 173 feet in breadth. Each angle is defended by a round tower ; two similar towers project from the eastern side to defend the gateway entrance, and on the western side is a square gateway tower of smaller dimensions. The lower stories of the towers are strongly groined ; the upper are of more airy character, with spacious windows of handsome design, and appear to have been connected with a rectangular edifice in the inner court, which contained the state apartments. The whole is surrounded with outer walls, defended at the angles with low round towers. Two miles to the north-east of the towu are the remains of the abbey of Derlian or Derane, said to have been granted to a party of monks from the abbey of Roscommon by O'Conor, at an early period, but the date of its foundation is unknown : they occupy the summit of a barren hill, but present few interesting details, except the mutilated remains of a large window, which appears to have been very highly enriched ; adjoining is an extensive cemetery, still in use. Roscommon gives the title of Earl to the family of Dillon.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

2. Roscommon chapel converted from old court-house

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon

   The old court-house at Roscommon was purchased from the grand jury by the Rev. John Madden and converted into a chapel with galleries, at a cost of £2000. A painting of the Crucifixion hangs over the altar, with others on the walls, and the former chapel is now used as a school.

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   tion, the old court-house was purchased from the grand jury by the Rev. John Madden, P.P., and converted into a chapel with galleries ; there is a painting of the Crucifixion over the altar, with others on the walls : the building cost £"2000. The former chapel is now used as a^school. The county infirmary is a plain substantial bnilding, consisting of a centre and two wings, erected, as appears from a tablet over the entrance, at the sole expense of Mrs. VValcott, sister of the Lord Chief Justice Caulfeild, in 17S3 : it contains 50 beds, with a small detached fever hospital, and a dispensary for the relief of extern patients, of whom nearly 16,000 annually receive medical assistance. The number of patients received into the infirmary is more than 300 annually, and the expenses of the institution are about £1000; the income arises from an annuity of £9'2. 6. 'I. bequeathed by Mrs. Walcott, donations and subscriptions, parliamentary grants, and presentments. An equitable loan society was established in 1 830, with a capital of £150; it has now a capital of £4000 circulating in small loans, raised chiefly by the exertions of Mr. Carson, who has built several neat cottages to be occupied by the poor rent-free, and two for poor widows, who are supported by him and the Protestant curate. The union workhouse, on a site of 7i acres held at a rent of £48. 1'2., was completed in 1841 at a cost of £7500, and is constructed for 900 paupers.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

3. Roscommon county infirmary founded by Mrs. Walcott

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1783

   The county infirmary at Roscommon was erected at the sole expense of Mrs. Walcott, sister of the Lord Chief Justice Caulfeild, in 1783, as recorded on a tablet over the entrance. The plain substantial building contained 50 beds with a small detached fever hospital and a dispensary, treating nearly 16,000 extern patients annually.

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   tion, the old court-house was purchased from the grand jury by the Rev. John Madden, P.P., and converted into a chapel with galleries ; there is a painting of the Crucifixion over the altar, with others on the walls : the building cost £"2000. The former chapel is now used as a^school. The county infirmary is a plain substantial bnilding, consisting of a centre and two wings, erected, as appears from a tablet over the entrance, at the sole expense of Mrs. VValcott, sister of the Lord Chief Justice Caulfeild, in 17S3 : it contains 50 beds, with a small detached fever hospital, and a dispensary for the relief of extern patients, of whom nearly 16,000 annually receive medical assistance. The number of patients received into the infirmary is more than 300 annually, and the expenses of the institution are about £1000; the income arises from an annuity of £9'2. 6. 'I. bequeathed by Mrs. Walcott, donations and subscriptions, parliamentary grants, and presentments. An equitable loan society was established in 1 830, with a capital of £150; it has now a capital of £4000 circulating in small loans, raised chiefly by the exertions of Mr. Carson, who has built several neat cottages to be occupied by the poor rent-free, and two for poor widows, who are supported by him and the Protestant curate. The union workhouse, on a site of 7i acres held at a rent of £48. 1'2., was completed in 1841 at a cost of £7500, and is constructed for 900 paupers.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

4. Roscommon families join Confederate Catholics in 1641 war

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1641–1653

   In the war of 1641, Roscommon initially took no part, but its ancient families later joined the confederate Catholics and gained entire possession of the country, though twice defeated by Lord Ranelagh. After the war they were stripped of possessions, which were divided among English and Scotch adventurers.

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   was opened for this county ; the king's title to the lands was produced, examined, and submitted to a jury composed of the principal inhabitants, who were told by the earl that His Majesty's intention in establishing his title was to make them a rich and civil people, and particifiators in the glorious and excellent work of reformation which he had now undertaken : to these persuasive arguments he joined threats, and thus he induced the jury unhesitatingly to give a verdict in favour of the crown. The deputy then published a proclamation, whereby all proprietors throughout the province were assured of easy composition, and of new and indefeasible grants. In the war of 1641, Roscommon for some time took no part : but in the succeeding disturbances its ancient families joined with the confederate Catholics, and obtained entire possession of the country, although they were twice defeated by Lord Ranelagh, president of Connaught. Accordingly, on the termination of the war, they were stripped of their possessions, which were divided among English and Scotch adventurers. At the Restoration, however, the family of O'Conor Don regained part of its property on the western side of the county, and it has ever since kept possession of the estates : it is, therefore, the only family in this county which now enjoys the possessions held by it previously to the arrival of the English.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

5. Roscommon market-house repurposed history

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon

   The market-house in Roscommon originally served as the local gaol before being converted into a lunatic asylum. After the patients were moved to a district asylum, the building was repurposed as the market-house.

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   The TOWN is principally built on the eastern and southern sides of a hill, at the base of which are the remains of its venerable religious buildings, and its once stately castle ; it has one main street, forming its chief entrance from the north, and expanding at the extremity in a wide open area, round which are some of the public buildings and the best of its more ancient houses. Several smaller streets of very inferior character diverge from the main street : the total number of houses is 563, the greater number of which are merely cabins ; of the remainder, several are handsome and well built, and a few are pleasing villas. The inhabitants are but indifferently supplied with water, from a deep well in the centre of the town, and from others near the base of the hill ; in summer the supply is very inadequate. Five roads radiate from the town to different parts of the country. About half a mile distant are barracks for one troop of horse. Races, which are supported by subscription, are held annually on a course about a mile from the town ; and a newspaper is published weekly. The principal trade is in grain, large quantities of which are sent to Lanesborough, whence it is conveyed by the Shannon : this trade has greatly increased since the improvement of the roads, and the facilities afforded by the continuation of the Royal Canal ; and a plan has been under consideration for the construction of a line of navigation from the town, either to the Shannon, or to the Royal Canal harbour at Tarmonbarry. A branch of the National Bank of Ireland was opened in the town in 183" : there are a public brewery and a tanyard. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Athlone. The market is on Saturday, and is numerously attended, and abundantly supplied with corn and provisions of all kinds ; among various other articles exposed for sale are frieze, coarse woollen-stuffs, flannels, and a little linen, with coarse brown pottery made in the neighbourhood, for which the clay is brought in carts from the borders of the river Shannon. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday and Dec. 5th, and are well attended. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town. The market - house, originally the gaol, was afterwards used as a lunatic asylum, and, since the removal of the patients to the district asylum, has been appropriated to its present use.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 261

6. Roscommon's name from St. Coeman's abbey founded c. 540

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 540–1134

   Roscommon derived its name from Ros-Coeman, or Coeman's marsh, after an abbey of Canons Regular founded in a low situation by St. Coeman, a disciple of St. Finian, about the year 540. The abbey was pillaged by the Danes in 807 and burnt by the people of Munster in 1134.

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   ROSCOMMON, a market and assize town (formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and tlie head of a union, in the barony of South Ballintobber, county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 1.5^ miles (W. by N.) from Athlone, and 74| (W.) from Dublin, on the road to Sligo ; containing 8191 inhabitants, of whom 3439 are in the town. This place appears to have derived both its origin and its name, originally Ros-Coeman, or " Coeman's marsh," from the foundation of an abbey of Canons Regular in a lowsituation here, by St. Coeman or Coraanus, a disciple of St. Finian, about the year 540. The abbey was pillaged by the Danes in 807, and plundered and burnt by the people of Munstcr in 1134; it, however, was soon afterwards restored, and in 1156 its endowments were greatly augmented by Turlogh the Great, King of Ireland. In 1204, the establishment was plundered by William Bourke Fitz-Akielm, one of the earliest English adventurers that penetrated into Connaught. A Dominican friary was founded in 1'253, by Felim M<^Cahile Croovdearg O'Conor, King of Connaught, ■who was interred in it in 1265. Both these establishments, at the Dissolution, were granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Nicholas Malby, Knt., and his heirs at a yearly rent of £30. 5. 10. In 1268, Sir Robert de Ufford, the English lord-justice, erected a strong CASTLE here, which, four years afterwards, when Maurice Fitz-Maurice, Earl of Kildare, -was lord-justice, was razed to the ground by the native Irish. This castle was rebuilt, and in 1276 was again taken by the Irish, who on that occasion obtained a signal victory over the English ; in the following year, Thomas de Clare, who had retaken it, was, with his father-in-law, the Earl of Kildare, surrounded by the native forces, and compelled to purchase a safe retreat by the final surrender of the place. The De Burgos, however, afterwards recovered possession of the fortress. The castle, on its first erection, and also the town which gradually rose around it, paid a ground rent to the abbot of the older monastery. In 1360, the town was destroyed by fire; and in 1498 the Earl of Kildare, then lord-deputy, in an expedition into Connaught took possession of the castle, which he strongly fortified. It subsequently fell into the hands of the enemy, who kept it till 1566, when it was retaken for the Queen by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, who placed Sir Thomas L'Estrange 3 Q2

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

7. Roscommon town charters from Edward I and II

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1272–1310

   The town of Roscommon received a charter of incorporation during the reign of Edward I. In 1310, the burgesses sought confirmation of this charter from Edward II, who issued a writ of inquiry for that purpose.

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   The town received a charter of incorporation in the reign of Edward I. ; and in 1310 the burgesses petitioned for a confirmation of it from Edward II., who issued to the Lord Chief Justice, Chancellor, and Treasurer of Ireland, his writ of inquiry for that purpose ; but neither the return nor any subsequent proceedings to this writ are recorded. James I., in the 10th of his reign, granted the inhabitants a charter of incorporation, under the designation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Roscommon," with power to hold a court of record with juris- 484

   ROSC

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 261

8. Roscommon town destroyed by fire in 1360

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1360–1498

   The town of Roscommon was destroyed by fire in 1360, a catastrophe noted in its medieval history. In 1498 the Earl of Kildare took possession of the castle and strongly fortified it.

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   ROSCOMMON, a market and assize town (formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and tlie head of a union, in the barony of South Ballintobber, county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 1.5^ miles (W. by N.) from Athlone, and 74| (W.) from Dublin, on the road to Sligo ; containing 8191 inhabitants, of whom 3439 are in the town. This place appears to have derived both its origin and its name, originally Ros-Coeman, or " Coeman's marsh," from the foundation of an abbey of Canons Regular in a lowsituation here, by St. Coeman or Coraanus, a disciple of St. Finian, about the year 540. The abbey was pillaged by the Danes in 807, and plundered and burnt by the people of Munstcr in 1134; it, however, was soon afterwards restored, and in 1156 its endowments were greatly augmented by Turlogh the Great, King of Ireland. In 1204, the establishment was plundered by William Bourke Fitz-Akielm, one of the earliest English adventurers that penetrated into Connaught. A Dominican friary was founded in 1'253, by Felim M<^Cahile Croovdearg O'Conor, King of Connaught, ■who was interred in it in 1265. Both these establishments, at the Dissolution, were granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Nicholas Malby, Knt., and his heirs at a yearly rent of £30. 5. 10. In 1268, Sir Robert de Ufford, the English lord-justice, erected a strong CASTLE here, which, four years afterwards, when Maurice Fitz-Maurice, Earl of Kildare, -was lord-justice, was razed to the ground by the native Irish. This castle was rebuilt, and in 1276 was again taken by the Irish, who on that occasion obtained a signal victory over the English ; in the following year, Thomas de Clare, who had retaken it, was, with his father-in-law, the Earl of Kildare, surrounded by the native forces, and compelled to purchase a safe retreat by the final surrender of the place. The De Burgos, however, afterwards recovered possession of the fortress. The castle, on its first erection, and also the town which gradually rose around it, paid a ground rent to the abbot of the older monastery. In 1360, the town was destroyed by fire; and in 1498 the Earl of Kildare, then lord-deputy, in an expedition into Connaught took possession of the castle, which he strongly fortified. It subsequently fell into the hands of the enemy, who kept it till 1566, when it was retaken for the Queen by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, who placed Sir Thomas L'Estrange 3 Q2

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

9. Roscommon union workhouse completed

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1841

   The union workhouse at Roscommon was completed in 1841 at a cost of £7500 on a site of seven and a half acres held at a rent of £48. It was constructed to accommodate 900 paupers.

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   tion, the old court-house was purchased from the grand jury by the Rev. John Madden, P.P., and converted into a chapel with galleries ; there is a painting of the Crucifixion over the altar, with others on the walls : the building cost £"2000. The former chapel is now used as a^school. The county infirmary is a plain substantial bnilding, consisting of a centre and two wings, erected, as appears from a tablet over the entrance, at the sole expense of Mrs. VValcott, sister of the Lord Chief Justice Caulfeild, in 17S3 : it contains 50 beds, with a small detached fever hospital, and a dispensary for the relief of extern patients, of whom nearly 16,000 annually receive medical assistance. The number of patients received into the infirmary is more than 300 annually, and the expenses of the institution are about £1000; the income arises from an annuity of £9'2. 6. 'I. bequeathed by Mrs. Walcott, donations and subscriptions, parliamentary grants, and presentments. An equitable loan society was established in 1 830, with a capital of £150; it has now a capital of £4000 circulating in small loans, raised chiefly by the exertions of Mr. Carson, who has built several neat cottages to be occupied by the poor rent-free, and two for poor widows, who are supported by him and the Protestant curate. The union workhouse, on a site of 7i acres held at a rent of £48. 1'2., was completed in 1841 at a cost of £7500, and is constructed for 900 paupers.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

10. Roscrea destroyed by fire and plundered, 1133-1154

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 1133–1154

    The town of Roscrea was destroyed by fire in 1133 and 1147, plundered by the inhabitants of the district of Cashel in 1153, and again destroyed by fire in the following year. During this century the ancient see of Roscrea was united to that of Killaloe.

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    ROSCREA, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the baronies of Clon- MSK and Ballybritt, King's county, and province of Leinsteu, but chiefly in the barony of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 35 miles (N. E.) from Limerick, and 59 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing 964" inhabitants, of whom 5275 are in the town. This place, the name of which, signifying a marshy situation, was descriptive of its early state, appears to have arisen from the foundation of a monastery here by St. Cronan, who flourished about the year 620, and was interred in the church. The establishment, which was for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and was amply endowed, soon became the seat of a small surrounding diocese ; and the town had become a place of importance prior to the close of the ninth century. In 942, the Danes from Limerick and the west approached this place at the time of its great fair, which was frequented by merchants from all parts of the kingdom, and even from foreign parts ; but the people, being apprised of their design, marched out of the town to meet them, and after an obstinate conflict, in which more than 4000 of the Danes were slain, entirely defeated them and killed their leader. The town was destroyed by fire in 1133 and 1 147 ; was plundered by the inhabitants of the district of Cashel in 1153 ; and in the year following was again destroyed by fire. During this century the ancient see of Roscrea was united to that of Killaloe, since which period there is no further notice of the abbey. In 1213, King John, with the consent of the Bishop of Killaloe, proprietor of the manor of Roscrea by the union of the sees, built a strong castle here to defend the town and neighbourhood against the incursions of Moriertach O'Brien, who had committed great devastations in this part of the country. The manor was, in 12S0, given to Edward I. by Matthew Hogan, Bishop of Killaloe, with the assent of his dean and chapter, in exchange for other lands in the county of Dublin : and in the following

    RO SC

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

11. Roscrea monastery founded by St. Cronan

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 620

    Roscrea arose from the foundation of a monastery by St. Cronan, who flourished about the year 620 and was interred in the church. The establishment, for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, became the seat of a small surrounding diocese, and the town was a place of importance before the close of the ninth century.

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    ROSCREA, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the baronies of Clon- MSK and Ballybritt, King's county, and province of Leinsteu, but chiefly in the barony of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 35 miles (N. E.) from Limerick, and 59 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing 964" inhabitants, of whom 5275 are in the town. This place, the name of which, signifying a marshy situation, was descriptive of its early state, appears to have arisen from the foundation of a monastery here by St. Cronan, who flourished about the year 620, and was interred in the church. The establishment, which was for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and was amply endowed, soon became the seat of a small surrounding diocese ; and the town had become a place of importance prior to the close of the ninth century. In 942, the Danes from Limerick and the west approached this place at the time of its great fair, which was frequented by merchants from all parts of the kingdom, and even from foreign parts ; but the people, being apprised of their design, marched out of the town to meet them, and after an obstinate conflict, in which more than 4000 of the Danes were slain, entirely defeated them and killed their leader. The town was destroyed by fire in 1133 and 1 147 ; was plundered by the inhabitants of the district of Cashel in 1153 ; and in the year following was again destroyed by fire. During this century the ancient see of Roscrea was united to that of Killaloe, since which period there is no further notice of the abbey. In 1213, King John, with the consent of the Bishop of Killaloe, proprietor of the manor of Roscrea by the union of the sees, built a strong castle here to defend the town and neighbourhood against the incursions of Moriertach O'Brien, who had committed great devastations in this part of the country. The manor was, in 12S0, given to Edward I. by Matthew Hogan, Bishop of Killaloe, with the assent of his dean and chapter, in exchange for other lands in the county of Dublin : and in the following

    RO SC

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

12. Rosenallis named after Rossa Failgea

    Rosenallis · townland · Laois

    The parish of Rosenallis (also called Oregan) in Queen's County is traditionally said to derive its name from Rossa Failgea, eldest son of Cathavir O'More. This links the place to early Gaelic lineage.

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    ROSENALLIS, or Oregan, a parish, in the union of Mount-Mellick, barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's county, and province of Leinsteu, on the road from Enio to Birr, through Clonaslee ; containing, with the greater part of the post-town of Mount-Mellick (which is separately described), 8505 inhabitants, of whom '239 are in the village. The parish is said to have derived its name from Rossa Failgea, eldest son of Cathavir O'More It comprises 14,I18| statute acres, and the north-eastern extremity of the Slieve-Blooin mountains is included in it : the Barrow rises in Tinnehinch hill, and, after receiving the stream of the Oweiiass, or Onas, quits the parish near Mount-Mellick. The soil is cold, but capable of great improvement by the application of lime, which is much used, as is also a compost of clay, bog mould, and the refuse of the farmyard. In the Slieve-Bloom mountains arc quarries of a soft white sandstone, which hardens when exposed to the air, and is susceptible of a high polish ; it is in great demand throughout the country for chimney-pieces and hearthstones : a coarser kind is used for flagging. Another peculiarity of these mountains is the fertility of their northern side, which is interspersed with neat farmhouses and cultivated inclosures to its summit, while its southern side is mostly a heathy waste. Iron-ore was formerly raised, but is not now. There is a large tract of bog in this district, affording an abundant supply of fuel. Tillage is more attended to than grazing ; there are but few flocks of sheep : the chief crops are potatoes, wheat, barley, and oats, and near Mount-Mellick are three public nurseries. Besides the fairs which are held in the last-named town, is one at Tinnehinch on Oct. 29th solely for pigs. Comfortable farmhouses are thickly scattered through the parish, and there are several good mansions, the principal of which are, Capard, situated on the side of a hill commanding an extensive view of the adjacent country, with the towns of Mount-Mellick, Maryborough, Portarlington, Mountrath, and Monastereven ; Rynn ; and Summergrove. The manufacture of woollen cloths, stuffs, and cottons, is carried on in Mount-Mellick and its vicinity ; there are also breweries and distilleries.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

13. Rosenallis togher bog-pass and Williamite skirmish

    Rosenallis · townland · Laois · 1689–1691

    A remarkable togher or bog-pass in the neighbourhood of Rosenallis is locally pointed out as the site of an engagement between forces loyal to King William and King James, in which James's forces were defeated.

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    other part of the parish is in the district of Mount Mellick : there are chapels at Capard and Mount- Mellick. The Society of Friends have an inclosed burial-ground near the village. Within the grounds .,f Cappard are several raths ; and brass coins of James II. were dug up near the mansion a few years since. A remarkable togher or bog-pass, in the neighbourhood, is pointed out as the place where an engagement took place between parties of King William's and King James's forces, in which the latter were defeated.

    ROSINAN, a parish, in the union of Waterford, partly in the barony of Ida, but chiefly in the barony of Knocktoi'her, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinsteu, 5 miles (.\. N. W.) from Waterford, on the road to Kilkenny; containing 1183 inhabitants, and comprising 4333^ statute acres. It is in the diocese of Ossory ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilbeacon. The tithe rent-charge is £145. 5., two-thirds payable to the vicarschoral, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Mullinavat.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

14. Rosen drives Protestant civilians around Derry's walls

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1689

    During the siege of Derry, Marshal Rosen ordered his soldiers to drive the helpless Protestant population of the surrounding district round the walls of the town, exposing them to famine for nearly three days. Some able men secretly joined the garrison inside.

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    The defenders had now to contend against the inroads of disease and famine ; and the arrival of Kirke with a fleet in the lough afforded but little prospect of relief, as he deemed it too hazardous an enterprise to sail up to the town in front of the enemy's lines. But, although thus apparently left to their own scanty resources, the brave garrison continued the defence with unabated heroism, making desperate and effective sallies even when too much enfeebled by hunger to pursue their success. To induce a surrender. Marshal Rosen, the besieging general, ordered his soldiers to drive round the walls of the town the helpless Protestant population of the surrounding district, of all ages, who were thus exposed to the horrors of famine for nearly three days before they were suffered to disperse ; some of the ablest of the men, however, secretly joined their comrades in the town, and an effective body of .500 people were passed from it unperceived by the enemy. When even such miserable resources as the flesh of horses and dogs, hides, tallow, and similar nauseous substances, had failed for two days, two of Kirke's ships, laden with provisions and convoyed by the Dartmouth frigate, 26'2

    LOND

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

15. Roskeen Blackwater bridge and Pallis culm beds

    Roskeen · townland · Cork

    The parish of Roskeen in County Cork is bounded on the south by the river Blackwater, crossed by a stone bridge of ten arches. On the lands of Pallis are several unworked beds of culm, and limestone is also found on that estate.

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    ROSKEEN, or Rusheen, a parish, in the barony of DuHALLow, union of Kanturk, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. E.) from Kanturk, on the road to Mallow ; containing 691 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the river Blackwater, which is here crossed by a stone bridge of ten arches. Near this bridge commences a new government road, which at Clonbanin branches off on the right to King-William's- Town and Castleisland, and on the left towards Killarney. The parish comprises 1675 statute acres; the land is in general good, and chiefly in tillage, and the state of agriculture has of late years undergone considerable improvement. On the lands of Pallis are several beds of culm, which have not yet been worked ; limestone is also found on that estate, and brownstone adapted for ordinary building purposes is to be obtained in other parts of the parish. The Blackwater is here very rapid and subject to floods, but at ordinary times is fordable in several places. Roskeen House is pleasantly situated near the river, and commands a fine view of the majestic mountain of St. Hilary. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, forming part of the union of Clonmeen : the rectory is impropriate in Robert Phayre, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £60. 8., of which £41.5. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Castlemagner.

    ROSKELTON.— See Clonenagh.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

16. Rossbercon monastery ruins and Dominican foundation

    near Rosbercon · street · Kilkenny · 1267

    A monastery dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was founded by the Grace and Walsh families, introducing Friars-preachers in 1267. At the Reformation it was granted to John Parker. Extensive picturesque ruins remain, including a lofty tower on four pointed arches.

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    ROSSBERCON, or Rossibercon, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, on the western side of the river Barrow, and adjoining the town of New Ross; containing 1538 inhabitants, of whom 410 are in the village. A monastery, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin INIary, was founded by the families of Grace and Walsh, and here Friars-preachers were first introduced in 1267 : at the Reformation it was granted to John Parker. The ruins are extensive and picturesque, comprising chiefly the lofty tower of the church, resting on four pointed arches, and the south wall of an aisle, containing five arches and ten windows. At an early period Rossbercon had a charter, by which it was constituted a distinct borough, with nearly the same privileges as New Ross, which town, however, completely out rivalled it ; and it is now included within the electoral limits of that borough.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

17. Rossbercon village and former borough

    near Rosbercon · street · Kilkenny

    Rossbercon, connected to New Ross by the bridge across the Ross river, was formerly a borough of itself but was included within the electoral boundary of New Ross. It contained a distillery.

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    The TOWN is beautifully situated on the side of a hill declining so precipitously to the Ross river (formed by the Nore and Barrow, which unite about one mile to the north,) as to render the communication between the upper and lower parts extremely inconvenient. Some of the principal streets run nearly parallel with the river, and are intersected by others at right angles ; minor streets and lanes diverge from these in several directions: the total number of houses is 11*3. The place is well supplied with water; the streets are lighted with gas by contract under the Municipal Commissioners. The general appearance of the town for some years did not indicate an increase of prosperity, a circumstance attributed to the difficulty of obtaining land on leases of sufficient duration to encourage building; but witliin the last few years there has been a visible improvement, several new houses having been built. The want of a bridge, after the destruction of the old one in 1643, was supplied by a ferry until the latter part of the last century, when a company incorporated by act of parliament raised a sum of £11, "200, by means of shares ; and a bridge was constructed by Mr. E. Co.x, the architect of Londonderry, Watcrford, and 'Wexford bridges, of American oak. Its length, including a causeway of fifty yards on the Kilkenny side of the river, is 508 feet, and it is 40 feet broad ; it rests on 24 sets of piers, and has a drawbridge to admit the passage of large vessels into the part of the river above the town. The bridge was much injured by a severe frost in 1814; the footways were consequently removed, and have not since been replaced. The tolls, which are let annually, produce on an average £S00 per annum. This bridge connects the town with the village of Rossbercon, formerly a borough of itself, but now included within the electoral boundary of New Ross. A quay extends from the end of the bridge, nearly a quarter of a mile, along the eastern side of the river. On the site of an ancient church in a retired part of the town, is a cavalry barrack, a plain building containing accommodation for 3 officers, 5'2 men. Vol. II.— 439

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

18. Rossbercon village in New Ross electoral boundary

    near Rosbercon · street · Kilkenny

    The village of Rossbercon, on the Kilkenny side of the river, is included in the electoral boundary of New Ross borough. The electoral boundary is much more limited than that of the borough under its charter on the Wexford side.

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    New Ross first returned members in 13/4, and continued to send two till the Union, when the number was reduced to one, which has been continued under the act of the Snd of William IV., cap. 88. The number of electors in 1845, was 277, of whom 270 were £10 householders, and 7 freemen. The electoral boundary is much more limited than that of the borough under its charter, on the Wexford side ; but includes the village of Rossbercon, on the Kilkenny side of the river. The court-house, in which the business of the Town Commissioners is transacted, is a handsome structure of hewn granite, erected in 1810, at the angle formed by two of the principal streets ; it is built on piers with arches springing from them and surmounted by a tower and cupola : the area within the piers was originally intended for a corn-market, but being found too confined for the trade of the town, it has been used for the sale of leather. The Easter and Michaelmas sessions for the district are held in the town, and pettysessions once a fortnight ; the sessions-house, completed in 1832 at an expense of £1334, defrayed by the county, forms a neat building ; the bridewell comprises two day-rooms, seven cells, and two airing-yards, and is in very good order.

    The entire parish of St. Mary's, New Ross, contains 4922 statute acres. The environs of the town are embellished with many elegant seats and fine demesnes, among which are, Oaklands ; Talbot Hall, the seat of the Talbot family ; Macmurrough, part of an estate which was the property of Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster ; Woodville ; Maryville ; Stokestown ; and Roseniount. The approaches to the town from the north and east have been much improved by the formation of two roads, by which the steep ascents from those points are avoided. The living is a vicarage, in 490

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

19. Rosscarbery abbey founded by St. Faughnan

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 500–599

    St. Faughnan, Abbot of Moelanfaidh in County Waterford, flourished in the early 6th century and founded an abbey at Rosscarbery, known in ancient records as Ross Alithri, 'the Field of Pilgrims.' The abbey became a seat of learning resorted to by families from the south-west of Ireland.

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    ROSSCARBERY, a market and post town, a parish, and the seat of the diocese of Ross, in the union of Skibbereen, partly in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe, and partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of MuNSTER, 32 miles (S. W.) from Cork, and 158 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 8839 inhabitants, of whom 1530 are in the town. This town is noticed in ancient ecclesiastical records under the appellation of Ross Alithri, signifying in the Irish language "the Field of Pilgrims :" it is in other records called Ross Elihir and Ylider ; and, from its situation in the barony of Carbery, takes its present name Rosscarbery, to distinguish it from the town of Ross, in the county of Wexford. The place appears to have acquired great celebrity from the reputed sanctity of St. Faughnan, Abbot of Moelanfaidh, in the county of Waterford, who flourished in the early part of the 6th centurj^ and founded an abbey at this place, over which he presided till his death. This abbey, under his successors, became a seat of learning, much resorted to by families from the south-west of Ireland ; and numbered among its scholars St. Finchad, a celebrated disciple of St. Finbarr. The exact date of its foundation is not ascertained ; nor is it known whether the monastery was of the Augustine or Benedictine order, though at one time it belonged to the latter, and was subject to the Benedictine abbey of St. James without the walls of the city of Wurtzburgh, in Germany. A town gradually rose around the monastery, which Hanmer, in his Chronicle of Ireland, describes as a walled city, and which subsequently became the seat of a diocese ; but in the wars of the M'Carties, O'Driscols, and other Irish septs, the walls were thrown down, and a great part of the town was destroyed. At the time of the English invasion the place was much decayed ; all the lands, except such as belonged to the bishop, were then granted to Fitz-Stephen, by whom they were afterwards assigned to Adam de Roches. King John, on petition of the Bishop, granted the inhabitants of " Ross Lehir" a charter of incorporation, with very ample privileges ; but no particulars of its municipal government are recorded. The castle, which was in the possession of the insurgents early in the parliamentary war, was taken from them by Colonel Myn, in 1643, but was finally surrendered to the parliamentary forces in 1652. In the war of the Revolution it was garrisoned by the Irish forces of James II., commanded by General M'Carty, and was reconnoitred by a detachment of English troops, who, considering its reduction impracticable, made themselves masters of a neighbouring fort and proceeded to Tralee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

20. Rosscarbery castle in parliamentary and Williamite wars

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1643–1690

    Rosscarbery castle was held by insurgents early in the parliamentary war, taken by Colonel Myn in 1643, and surrendered to parliamentary forces in 1652. During the Revolution it was garrisoned by James II's Irish forces under General M'Carty, but English troops deemed its reduction impracticable.

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    ROSSCARBERY, a market and post town, a parish, and the seat of the diocese of Ross, in the union of Skibbereen, partly in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe, and partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of MuNSTER, 32 miles (S. W.) from Cork, and 158 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 8839 inhabitants, of whom 1530 are in the town. This town is noticed in ancient ecclesiastical records under the appellation of Ross Alithri, signifying in the Irish language "the Field of Pilgrims :" it is in other records called Ross Elihir and Ylider ; and, from its situation in the barony of Carbery, takes its present name Rosscarbery, to distinguish it from the town of Ross, in the county of Wexford. The place appears to have acquired great celebrity from the reputed sanctity of St. Faughnan, Abbot of Moelanfaidh, in the county of Waterford, who flourished in the early part of the 6th centurj^ and founded an abbey at this place, over which he presided till his death. This abbey, under his successors, became a seat of learning, much resorted to by families from the south-west of Ireland ; and numbered among its scholars St. Finchad, a celebrated disciple of St. Finbarr. The exact date of its foundation is not ascertained ; nor is it known whether the monastery was of the Augustine or Benedictine order, though at one time it belonged to the latter, and was subject to the Benedictine abbey of St. James without the walls of the city of Wurtzburgh, in Germany. A town gradually rose around the monastery, which Hanmer, in his Chronicle of Ireland, describes as a walled city, and which subsequently became the seat of a diocese ; but in the wars of the M'Carties, O'Driscols, and other Irish septs, the walls were thrown down, and a great part of the town was destroyed. At the time of the English invasion the place was much decayed ; all the lands, except such as belonged to the bishop, were then granted to Fitz-Stephen, by whom they were afterwards assigned to Adam de Roches. King John, on petition of the Bishop, granted the inhabitants of " Ross Lehir" a charter of incorporation, with very ample privileges ; but no particulars of its municipal government are recorded. The castle, which was in the possession of the insurgents early in the parliamentary war, was taken from them by Colonel Myn, in 1643, but was finally surrendered to the parliamentary forces in 1652. In the war of the Revolution it was garrisoned by the Irish forces of James II., commanded by General M'Carty, and was reconnoitred by a detachment of English troops, who, considering its reduction impracticable, made themselves masters of a neighbouring fort and proceeded to Tralee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

21. Rosscarbery town walls destroyed in sept wars

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    A town grew around the monastery, described by Hanmer as a walled city. During the wars of the M'Carties, O'Driscols, and other Irish septs, the walls were thrown down and much of the town destroyed. By the time of the English invasion the place was much decayed.

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    ROSSCARBERY, a market and post town, a parish, and the seat of the diocese of Ross, in the union of Skibbereen, partly in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe, and partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of MuNSTER, 32 miles (S. W.) from Cork, and 158 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 8839 inhabitants, of whom 1530 are in the town. This town is noticed in ancient ecclesiastical records under the appellation of Ross Alithri, signifying in the Irish language "the Field of Pilgrims :" it is in other records called Ross Elihir and Ylider ; and, from its situation in the barony of Carbery, takes its present name Rosscarbery, to distinguish it from the town of Ross, in the county of Wexford. The place appears to have acquired great celebrity from the reputed sanctity of St. Faughnan, Abbot of Moelanfaidh, in the county of Waterford, who flourished in the early part of the 6th centurj^ and founded an abbey at this place, over which he presided till his death. This abbey, under his successors, became a seat of learning, much resorted to by families from the south-west of Ireland ; and numbered among its scholars St. Finchad, a celebrated disciple of St. Finbarr. The exact date of its foundation is not ascertained ; nor is it known whether the monastery was of the Augustine or Benedictine order, though at one time it belonged to the latter, and was subject to the Benedictine abbey of St. James without the walls of the city of Wurtzburgh, in Germany. A town gradually rose around the monastery, which Hanmer, in his Chronicle of Ireland, describes as a walled city, and which subsequently became the seat of a diocese ; but in the wars of the M'Carties, O'Driscols, and other Irish septs, the walls were thrown down, and a great part of the town was destroyed. At the time of the English invasion the place was much decayed ; all the lands, except such as belonged to the bishop, were then granted to Fitz-Stephen, by whom they were afterwards assigned to Adam de Roches. King John, on petition of the Bishop, granted the inhabitants of " Ross Lehir" a charter of incorporation, with very ample privileges ; but no particulars of its municipal government are recorded. The castle, which was in the possession of the insurgents early in the parliamentary war, was taken from them by Colonel Myn, in 1643, but was finally surrendered to the parliamentary forces in 1652. In the war of the Revolution it was garrisoned by the Irish forces of James II., commanded by General M'Carty, and was reconnoitred by a detachment of English troops, who, considering its reduction impracticable, made themselves masters of a neighbouring fort and proceeded to Tralee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

22. Ross Castle and Ross House on Lough Sheelin

    near Lough Sheelin · lake or lakes · Cavan

    On the shore of Lough Sheelin opposite the gentlemen's residences, the elevated ground commands a view comprehending Ross House and the ruins of Ross Castle, bounded by hills of considerable magnitude.

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    50| (N. W. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Oldcastle to Granard ; containing 162 inhabitants. It consists of 26 houses, the parish church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and the parochial school. Petty-sessions are held here every third Saturday ; and there is a constabulary police-station : fairs are held on June 1st and Oct. 21st. The village is near Lough Sheelin, which is very large, extending to Finae, in Westmeath, where it communicates with Lough Inny, through which its waters find their way to the Shannon : in this lake are several small islands, on one of which are the ruins of a church and castle. Contiguous to it, at Kilcogy, near Glan, is the seat of Mrs. Dallas ; and on its northern side are several gentlemen's residences, among which are Arley, the beautiful cottage of the Hon. S. R. Maxwell, and Fortland : on the opposite shore the ground is elevated and well planted ; and the view of the whole, comprehending Ross House and the ruins of Ross Castle, is bounded by hills of considerable magnitude. The lake covers 2000 Irish acres, being 8 Irish miles in length, and, in parts, 2 or 3 wide.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 173

23. Ross Castle on Ross Island, Killarney

    Ross Castle · castle · Kerry · 1652

    Ross Castle was founded by the O'Donoghues on Ross Island, the largest island in the Lower Lake. It was defended by Lord Muskerry against the parliamentarians in 1652 and surrendered to Ludlow. The fortress gives the inferior titles of Viscount and Baron of Castlerosse to the Earl of Kenmare.

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    The Lower Lake is about six miles in length and three miles in breadth. It is bounded on the west by the mountain of Glenil, rising abruptly from the water at that part called Glenil bay ; and farther to the nortli by the Tomies mountain, which is of more gradual elevation, and has at its base a considerable tract of fertile and richly cultivated land, sloping to the margin of the lake. Of the numerous islands in this lake, the largest is that called Ross Island, containing about 80 plantation acres, and which, being separated from the main land only by an artificial channel crossed by a bridge, forms a peninsula projecting considerably into the hike. Here are the picturesque ruins of Ross Castle, founded by the O'Donoghues j it was defended by Lord Muskerry against the parliamentarians in 165'2, and surrendered to Ludlow. This fortress gives the inferior titles of Viscount and Baron of Castlerosse to the Earl of Kenniare. The shores of Ross are deeply indented, and the rocks along its borders worn into every variety of fanciful forms ; it is ornamented with thriving plantations, and the arbutus and other evergreens here flourish in the richest luxuriance. Near the castle is a small pier, this being the general point of embarkation for visiters to the lakes. At a short distance from the pier, the sound of a bugle is returned, successively from the castle, the ruined church of Aghadoe, and Mangerton ; and afterwards innumerable reverberations are heard, becoming gradually fainter till they are lost in the distance. To the north is O'Donoghite's Prison, a, rock rising about thirty feet above the surface of the lake ; from the fissures of which on the summit grow the arbutus, ash, and holly, in the greatest luxuriance ; and which, according to tradition, was used by a chieftain of that name, of prodigious strength, as a place of confinement. To the north of it are Heron and Lamb Islands ; and to the west. Brown and Rabbit. Islands, the last remarkable for its quarries of limestone, which is burnt for manure. Westward of Ross Island is that of Innisfallen, the most beautiful and interesting of all in the Lower Lake : it is extremely fertile, and richly clothed with wood to the water's edge ; among various trees of stately growth is a holly, the stem of which is fourteen feet in girth. Its name, originally Innis-Nessan, from the father of the founder of its venerable abbey, was subsequently changed to Innisfallen, as more descriptive of its natural beauty: it forms the subject of Moore's melody commencing — " Sweet Innisfallen, fare thee well I " The abbey was founded by St. Finian Lobhar, or the Leper, at the close of the 6th century ; and by some of the brethren were compiled the celebrated "Annals of Innisfallen," an ancient manuscript, containing a general history of the world from the creation to the year 430 of the Christian era, but thenceforward confined to the history of Ireland. The ruins are inconsiderable and of rude character. On a projecting clitf near the abbey is an ancient oratory, with a richly embellished Norman doorway ; it was till lately used as a place of refresh- 95

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 35

24. Rossdroit church built 1795 with Enniscorthy friary stone

    Rossdroit · parish · Wexford · 1795

    The church at Rossdroit, built in 1795, used granite quoins brought from the ruins of the Franciscan friary at Enniscorthy for its new tower. Adjoining the church are ruins of the ancient edifice.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £439. 14. per annum, and there is a glebe of 20 acres subject to a rent of 2l5. per acre. The glebe- house is a substantial and commodious mansion, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits, in 1814, granted £100 as a gift, and £6*5 as a loan. The church is a neat edifice, built in 1795, when the same Board contributed £500. The original tower, being in a dangerous state, was taken down a few years since, and a new tower erected at the expense of the parishioners ; the granite quoins used in its construction were brought from the ruins of the Franciscan friary at Enniscorthy. The church has been lately repaired, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having granted £223 for that purpose. Adjoining it are the ruins of the ancient edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Davidstown, comprising also the parishes of St. John and Templescobin, and that part of Clonmore called the " Quarter of Clough," and containing the chapels of Davidstown and Courtnacuddy, both in this parish : the former is a neat building. At Ballybane is a school under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, who allow the master £20 per annum, with a contingent gratuity of £5 : the school-house is built on a piece of ground presented by the late S. Ram, Esq., containing two acres.

    ROSSDUFF, a parish, in the barony of Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER; containing 111 inhabitants. This small parish is situated upon the harbour of Waterford, and comprises only 197 statute acres. It was a rectory, in the diocese of Waterford, forming part of the union of Killare, now suppressed : the tithe rent-charge is £7. 10.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

25. Rossdroit parish granted to Henry Perse, 1619

    Rossdroit · parish · Wexford · 1619–1662

    Rossdroit parish, formerly belonging to the abbey of Timolin, was granted by letters-patent in 1619 to Henry Perse at a small annual rent. It was forfeited to the Crown by Peirse Butler in 1641 and assigned under the Act of Settlement in 1662.

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    ROSSDROIT, a parish, in the union of EnniscouTHY, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Enniscorthy, which is the post town, on the road to New Ross; containing 2'2,58 inhabitants. This parish and that of Templescobin, both formerly belonging to the abbeyof Timolin, were by letters-patent granted in I6l9 to Henry Perse, Esq., at a small annual rent. They 494

    ROSS

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

26. Rossenarre House, elegant seat of W. Morris Reade

    Rossenarra · townland · Kilkenny

    Rossenarre was an elegant seat set in a demesne of 600 acres, about 200 of which were planted with trees. It was the residence of W. Morris Reade, Esq.

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    KILjMOGANNY, a parish, in the union of Callan, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Knocktopher, and on the road from Kilkenny to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 2635 inhabitants, of whom 593 are in the village. During the parliamentary war, a party of Cromwell's troops had a skirmish here with the Walsh party, of Castlehall, which they defeated : William HI. passed a night at Rossenarre, on his way to Limerick. The parish comprises 7454| statute acres, including about 500 acres of woodland and a large tract of mountain : it contains slate, limestone, freestone, and flagstone; also a mill. A patent for two fairs exists, but they are not much frequented. Rossenarre, the residence of W. Morris Reade, Esq., is an elegant seat in a demesne of 600 acres, about 200 of which are planted. The village consists of 105 houses, generally handsome and well built, and has lately been much improved; contains a receiving-house for letters under Kilkenny ; is a constabulary police station ; and has petty-sessions, and a fever hospital and dispensary : near it is a large nursery of forest-trees. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united to the rectories and vicarages of Aughaviller and Kilkeasy, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; net income, £320. There is a glebehouse, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits, in 1S22, gave £450 and lent £50 : the glebe comprises 5| acres. The church, which is a handsome structure, was built in 1831, by a loan of £750 from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Donamagan, and has a chapel. There is a school in connexion with the Church Education Society. Remains of castellated residences of the Walsh family still exist at Castlehill, Clone, and Kerehill ; there are also some chalybeate springs.

    K I L— M ()

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 46

27. Rossgul peninsula and Mulroy harbour in Mevagh parish

    Rosguill · electoral division · Donegal

    Mevagh parish is situated on Mulroy bay in Donegal. Within its limits is the peninsula of Rossgul, bounded by Sheephaven, the ocean, and Mulroy. The harbour of Mulroy has water sufficient for the largest ships and is well sheltered, though part of the channel is narrow and difficult.

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    MEVAGH, or Moyvagh, a parish, in the union of MiLFORD, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 14 miles (N. by W.) from Letterkenny ; containing 593* inhabitants. This parish comprises 21,0*265 statute acres, of which 3825 ^'"6 water ; the greater part of the land is poor, a small portion only being considered very good. There is a great quantity of bog and waste ; the latter consists of large tracts of sand thrown up by the sea. Lead has been discovered, but is not at present worked. The parish is situated on Mulroy bay ; and within its limits is the peninsula of Rossgul, bounded on the west by Sheephaven, on the north by the ocean, and on the east by the arm of the sea called Mulroy : this peninsula rises in the centre into great elevations, and near the shore presents a stunted verdure. The harbour of Mulroy, by the line of coast, is 5 miles to the west of Lough Swilly ; it has water sufficient for the largest ships, and is well sheltered, but part of the channel is narrow and difficult. On the 14th of every month a fair is held in Glen ; and petty-sessions are held on alternate Saturdays. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoc, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rentcharge is £281. 5. The glebe, about two miles from the church, comprises 184:| statute acres valued at £30 per annum, of which 25:| acres are arable, and the remainder rocky pasture and mountain, with the exception of 2^ consisting of streets and commons : there is no glebe-house. The church is in good repair ; it was built about 170 years since. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; the chapel is a good slated building. The parochial school is aided by an annual donation from Colonel Robertson's fund. At the time of Pynnar's survey, a strong bawn of lime and stone, sixty feet square, with flankers, stood here ; and there were 23 British families, capable of mustering 42 fighting men. 330

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

28. Ross Harbour and the Silver-Eel Fishery

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    Ross harbour, located half a mile west of Dundeady Head, is nearly rendered useless by a ridge of sand-hills accumulating across its entrance. The inner bay is noted for large numbers of silver-eels taken during the summer months.

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    lialf a mile to the west of Dundcdy Head, occasionally affords shelter to small vessels, but only in moderate weather ; the entrance is nearly dry at low water, and at high water it is rocky and dangerous, especially when the wind is from the sea. On the bar are ten feet at high water of spring, and eight feet at neap, tides. The harbour itself is almost useles.s, from a ridge of sandhills, which has accumulated nearly to the height of 1'2 feet and extends across the entrance, leaving only a chaimel a few yards in breadth on the west side, through which the tide rushes with rapidity. The inner bay, which is more than a mile in length and about half a mile broad, is, on the receding of the tide, a dry firm sand, and might be reclaimed at a moderate e.xpense. A new line of road has been carried across the bay by a raised causeway 400 yards long, connected with the main land by a bridge at its western extremity. The bay is celebrated for the great numbers of silver-eels which are taken in it during the summer months. The market is on Wednesday, but is indifferently supplied ; and fairs are held on Aug. 26th, and the 19th of Sept. and Dec. : the market-house is an old building in the centre of the square. A constabulary police force is stationed here ; and at Milk Cove is a coast-guard station, one of the three that constitute the district of Skibbereen. Petty-sessions are held every Wednesday, and a court for the manor of Ross every three weeks, at which latter debts not exceeding 40i-. are recoverable. The court-house is a very neat building ; adjoining it is the |)olice barrack.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

29. Rossinver nunnery of Doiremell founded by St. Tigeruach

    Rossinver · parish · Leitrim

    Ruins of the ancient church of Rossinver on the eastern shore of Lough Melvin are thought to be those of the nunnery of Doiremell, founded by St. Tigeruach for his mother, St. Mella.

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    The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the see, and partly impropriate in the family of Wynne. The tithe rent-charge is £337. 10., of which £105 are payable to the bishop, £105 to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar : the glebe, situated in the parish of Killasnet, six miles distant, comprises 3'20 acres, valued at £170 per annum. The church, for the rebuilding of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £807, is a neat plain edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms the three separate benefices of Kinlough, Glenade, and Ballaghameehan, in each of which is a chapel. There are slight vestiges of Dungarbery Castle, an extensive building, erected by Isabel Clancy in the reign of Elizabeth, within a quarter of a mile from the sea ; one gable end with an arched doorway remains. On an island in Lough Melvin are the remains of the castle of Rossclogher ; and on the eastern shore are the ruins of the ancient church of Rossinver, supposed to have been that of the nunnery of Doiremcll, founded by St. Tigeruach for his mother, St. Mella. At Keelogues are the ruins of an old church ; and at Conwell is a cemetery, still used by the Roman Catholics as a burial-place. On the Oakfield estate is a mineral spring ; there is another at Tullaghan ; and about a mile from the latter is a sulphureous spring in much repute. 495

    11 () S S

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

30. Rosslare land reclamation disaster of 1814

    Rosslare · town · Wexford · 1814–1837

    In 1814 an English company spent nearly £30,000 reclaiming land from Wexford harbour, but a storm breached the embankment before completion. James Boyd, lord of the manor, later succeeded in reclaiming about 200 acres now in cultivation.

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    ROSSLARE, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of Lei.n- STER, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Wexford ; containing 976 inhabitants. This parish, which is peninsular, is situated on the eastern side of Wexford harbour, its northern extremity forming the southern side of the entrance to the harbour. It comprises 1744 statute acres of well-cultivated land, exclusive of an extensive rabbit-burrow, or sand-bank, a portion of which has been inclosed within the last few years. In 1814 an English company expended nearly £30,000 in attempting to reclaim a large tract of land from the harbour ; but just as the inclosure was completed, the tide, during a heavy gale of wind, made a breach in the embankment ; and the company having exhausted their funds, and being unable to repair the damage, James Boyd, Esq., lord of the manor, took possession of it. He succeeded in reclaiming '200 statute acres (about onefourth of the tract originally embanked), which are now in cultivation, and have produced good crops of corn : it is considered that the remainder of the tract might still be reclaimed, at a comparatively small expense. In excavating for the drains, a number of the roots and stems of oak-trees, and several antlers, were discovered ; similar remains have been found in a small bog. Marl abounds, and, together with sea-weed, is used for manure. W^ith a view to afford employment for children, a quantity of the sea-weed called alga marina was lately collected, and, after its saline properties had been extracted, was sent to Dublin and Liverpool for making mattresses and cushions : it is still occasionally collected.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

31. Rosslare rabbit warren supplies Wexford market weekly

    Rosslare · town · Wexford

    The burrow of Rosslare, near Wexford harbour, was a sandy warren that furnished the market with 300 pairs of rabbits weekly for three months of the year. The rabbits were considered peculiarly delicate and well-flavoured, making the warren a significant source of profit from the county's proximity to the sea.

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    The fences in the southern baronies are in general well kept, being formed of mounds of earth and sods, planted on the sides and top with furze, which affords good shelter for cattle, and has the additional advantage of being extremely useful for fuel, while it presents an impenetrable barrier against trespassing. In some cases they are still farther improved by a row of quickset on the summit, which increases both the shelter and ornament. In those parts where turf is plentiful, less attention is paid to the construction of fences ; and there they are generally rugged and defective. The farmers are by no means so attentive to the improvement of the breed of cattle as in many other counties : the long-horned was prevalent, but the short-horned is now most encouraged. Although all the farmers, even the smallest, keep a few sheep for their wool and milk, the common breed reared here is by no means of a good kind, being long-legged, narrow-backed, large-boned, and as wild as deer, insomuch that they are only kept from destroying the fences and breaking into the cornfields by tying their feet with side lines : of the improved breeds, the Leicester is the favourite. Swine are numerous, but, like the former kinds of stock, not in general of the best kind. The Poultry is excellent : farmers, and even cottiers, rear vast quantities of turkeys and other domestic fowl ; and many old leases contain a clause binding the tenant to rear poultry for the landlord. In the neighbourhood of Wexford the fowls are fattened by cramming, and sent to Dublin and Liverpool. There is a fair for poultry only, every Michaelmas, at Ballyhack, where the various kinds are sold in large quantities and very cheap, owing to the number of small landholders who rear them at a tritling expense from their potato offal and a little barley meal. Bees are in certain parts much attended to, and much mead is made : means are used in some places to save the honey without destroying the bees, by driving them into a fresh hive instead of smothering them. A source of profit, arising from the contiguity to the sea, is found in the extent of sandy warren, which furnishes great numbers of Rabbit!: yearly. The burrow of Rosslare, near Wexford harbour, furnishes the market weekly with 300 pairs for three months ; they are considered peculiarly delicate and well-flavoured. Pigeons are also attended to, and found profitable ; and, in consequence of the growth of a peculiar kind of grass or sea-weed, myriads of ff'ild-foul frequent the shores, the flesh of which is of remarkably delicate flavour : the barnacle, whynyard, widsreon, teal, and duck, are most esteemed ; besides which there is a great supply of sea-fowl, which are readily bought, though of inferior quality. Fuel in some parts of the county is very scarce, especially in places remote both from the sea-coast, where coal from England can be obtained at a reasonable rate, and from the mountains, where turf can be procured.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 395

32. Rosslea village near Carnmore mountain

    Rosslea · townland · Fermanagh

    Rosslea is a village of 414 inhabitants romantically situated near the celebrated mountain of Carnmore. The village consists of one irregularly built street of 79 houses and is connected to the new road from Enniskillen to Belfast by a bridge over the river Fin.

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    ROSSLEA, or Royslea, a village, in that part of the parish of Clones which is in the barony of Clon- KELLY, union of Clo.nes, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Clones, and on the road from Lisnaskea to Monaghan ; containing 414 inhabitants. The place is romantically situated near the celebrated mountain of Carnmore, in a fine meadow district, several townlands of which are rich pasture land, especially those of Lisnabrack and Salloo, where vast numbers of o.xen are annually fed for the English market. The village consists of one irregularly built street, containing 79 houses, and is connected with the new line of road on the mountain from Enniskillen to Belfast by a bridge over the river Fin. In the vicinity is Lake View, a beautiful villa, overlooking the lake of Island Hill and commanding a fine view of several other small lakes in the neighbourhood ; it is surrounded with grounds tastefully laid out and richly embellished. There is a flax- mill. Fairs are held on the 8th of every month ; a constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty- sessions and manorial courts are held in the court-house, a neat building in the centre of the village. The Roman Catholic chapel of Rosslea is a very handsome edifice of stone, with a tower and campanile turret : the interior is highly embellished ; the windows are enriched with stained glass, and over the altar-piece is a fine painting. Carnmore mountain is of lofty elevation, rising 1034 feet above the sea, and abounds with wild and romantic scenery : from its summit are seen .'?'2 lakes, including Lough Erne ; and its deep glens are inhabited by a numerous class of peasantry, of singular habits, and great originality of character.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

33. Ross parish formerly Faghery, isthmus and Glanlosh quarry

    Ross · townland · Galway

    The parish of Ross in County Galway, formerly known also as Faghery, forms together with Cong the narrow isthmus separating Loughs Corrib and Mask. A slate-quarry exists in the mountain of Glanlosh but is not currently worked.

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    with the adjoining parish of Cong, the narrow isthmus which separates the extensive loughs Corrib and Masii ; and comprises 59,651:5; statute acres. About two-fifths of the land are rough mountain pasture, all of which by judicious treatment could be reclaimed and rendered available for agricultural purposes ; one-fifth waste ; one-fifth bog ; and the remainder, with the exception of about 500 acres of wood, good arable land in a profitable state of cultivation. Great quantities of oats raised here are sold at Clonlur, in this parish, where a market is held on Saturday, and fairs for general farming stock on Feb. 1st, March 17th, July 1st, and Sept. 1st. A small market for corn is also held at Fairhill during the season. A few of the inhabitants are occupied in spinning flax and woollen-yarn for their own use. Lumberboats are employed on Lough Mask in carrying turf, timber, grain, and other agricultural produce of the parish, to Gahvay ; and a communication with the sea and the KiUery harbours affords great facility of conveyance. In the mountain of Glanlosh is a slate-quarry, but not worked at present.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

34. Rosstrunk island and sheltered harbour in Clew Bay

    Rosstrunk · promontory · Mayo

    Rosstrunk is a small island situated in Clew Bay, four miles west of Newport in the parish of Burrishoole. It affords tolerable pasturage and is chiefly remarkable for its well-sheltered harbour with good anchorage for small vessels.

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    ROSSTRUNK, an island, in the parish and barony of BuRRiSHOOLE, union of Westport, county of Mayo, and province of Connaught, 4 miles (\V.) from Newport. This small island, which is situated in Clew bay, and affords tolerable pasturage, is chiefly remarkable for its well-sheltered harbour, which has good ground for nearly a square mile, with two or three fathoms. There is excellent anchorage, especially for small vessels, which may go farther up the bay to Newport and Burrishoole.

    ROSTELLAN, a parish, in the union of Midleton, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of Minster, 3 miles (S.W.) from Cloyne ; containing 1110 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the eastern shore of Cork harbour, comprises 22.JS statute acres. The land is generally good, being in a limestone vale ; about one half is under tillage, and the other in pasture and demesne : the system of agriculture is greatly improved, under the spirited example and encouragement given by the Marquess of Thomond, whose farm is one of the best cultivated and most productive in the county. Rostellan Castle, the seat of that nobleman, is an elegant mansion on the margin of the harbour, over which it commands extensive and pleasing views ; and is situated in a highly cultivated demesne, comprehending one-third of the parish, and richly embellished with woods and plantation.*. The grounds are arranged with great taste, are for nearly two miles skirted by the waters of Rostellan bay, and are diversified with rural and picturesque houses of the farming steward, gardeners, and others connected with the management of the farm. The flower-gardens con- VoL. II. — 197

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 266

35. Rostellan ancient castle surrendered and retaken, 1645

    Rostellan · townland · Cork · 1645

    During the parliamentary war, the ancient castle of Rostellan was surrendered to Lord Inchiquin in 1645. It was afterwards retaken by Lord Castlehaven, who also made prisoners of Lord Inchiquin's brother and Colonel Courtenay, who had been sent to demolish it.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, formerly a part of the union of Aghada, from which, on the demise of Dr. Brinkley in 183.5, it was separated and made a distinct benefice, in the patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-( harge is £'216. 5. 6. : the glebe, at Kilteskin, for which the old glebe, nowforming part of the demesne of Rostellan Castle, was exchanged, comprises 47 acres. The parishioners attend divine service at Aghada or Cloyne. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Aghada ; there is a small chapel at Ballinrostig. The ancient castle of Rostellan was, during the parliamentary war, surrendered to Lord Inchiquin in 1645, but was afterwards retaken by Lord Castlehaven, who also made prisoners Lord Inchiquin's brother and Colonel Courtenay, who had been sent to demolis-h it. Near the demesne is a holy well much venerated by the peasantry, and an ash-tree is literally covered with their offerings to the patron saint ; not far distant is a stone on which is sculptured a rude representation of the Crucifixion ; and within the demesne are some limestone rocks, in which are capacious natural caverns, with stalactites depending from the roof.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 266

36. Rostellan Castle: seat of the Marquess of Thomond

    Rostellan · townland · Cork

    Rostellan Castle was an elegant mansion on the margin of Cork harbour, the seat of the Marquess of Thomond. Its highly cultivated demesne comprehended one-third of the parish, was richly embellished with woods and plantations, and was skirted by the waters of Rostellan bay.

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    ROSTELLAN, a parish, in the union of Midleton, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of Minster, 3 miles (S.W.) from Cloyne ; containing 1110 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the eastern shore of Cork harbour, comprises 22.JS statute acres. The land is generally good, being in a limestone vale ; about one half is under tillage, and the other in pasture and demesne : the system of agriculture is greatly improved, under the spirited example and encouragement given by the Marquess of Thomond, whose farm is one of the best cultivated and most productive in the county. Rostellan Castle, the seat of that nobleman, is an elegant mansion on the margin of the harbour, over which it commands extensive and pleasing views ; and is situated in a highly cultivated demesne, comprehending one-third of the parish, and richly embellished with woods and plantation.*. The grounds are arranged with great taste, are for nearly two miles skirted by the waters of Rostellan bay, and are diversified with rural and picturesque houses of the farming steward, gardeners, and others connected with the management of the farm. The flower-gardens con- VoL. II. — 197

    tain a fine selection of the choicest plants and flowers. Here are the Rostellan mills for making starch from potatoes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 266

37. Rostrevor's origin as Castle Roe of the Magennises

    near Rostrevor · town · Down

    Rostrevor was anciently called Castle Roe or Rory, from its founder Rory of the Magennis family, lords of Iveagh. Remains of the baronial castle still exist near the town. The present name derives from Rose, daughter of Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch, whose marriage to Trevor, Viscount Dungannon, gave the seat its name.

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    ROSTREVOR, or Rosetrevor, a sea-port and post town, in the parish of Kilbroney, union of Kil- KEEL, barony of Uim'er Iveagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, * miles (E. by S.) from Newry, and 57 (N.) from Dublin ; containing 683 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Castle Roe or Rory, from its original founder, Rory, one of the family of the Magennises, lords of Iveagh, of whose baronial castle, subsequently occupied by the Trevor family, there are still some remains near the town; it derived its present appellation from Rose, youngest daughter of Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch, after whose marriage with Trevor, Viscount Dungannon, the family seat, Iveagh Castle, was invariably called Rosetrevor. The town is beautifully situated in a cove of Carlingford lough, at the western termination of the Morne mountains, and contains 134 houses, which are large and handsomely built. The streets are wide and open, and the whole place has a cheerful and attractive appearance. The air is salubrious ; and the town is very desirable as a residence, from its fine situation on a gentle eminence sheltered by mountains on the north, south, and east, and open on the west to Carlingford bay, the shores of which are richly planted and embellished with numerous seats, handsome villas, and picturesque cottages. An act was passed in July, 1846, for the construction of a railway to Warrenpoint and Newry.

    The port is principally frequented by fishing-boats, for whose accommodation there is a small quay, from which is a walk nearly a mile in length, thickly shaded with trees ; and on the side of the mountain is a stone of very large dimensions, called Cloughmorne, which is visited for the very extensive and beautiful prospect it commands. Between this place and Warrenpoint, in Carlingford lough, is a large extent of soft ground, on which are two fathoms of water, where vessels frequenting the port of Newry lie at their moorings. In the vicinity of the town are some salt-works. Fairs are held on Shrove-Tuesday, Aug. 1st, Sept. 19th, Nov. 1st,

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 266

38. Round fort and Castle Ring at Louth

    Louth · town · Louth

    A round fort stands at Louth, and nearby is Castle Ring, another ancient fortification site. These represent part of the network of camps and forts across the county.

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    Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or " the one night's work." The most ancient mounds appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vicinity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballinahatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ; Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Bellingham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The number of religious houses that existed in the county is no less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Carlingford, where the ruined buildings are very interesting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St. Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice, where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's, is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dundalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle- Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the northern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol (near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan (two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of these, together with the chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ; and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were found near Monasterboice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

39. Roundstone bay and government pier

    Roundstone · town · Galway

    Roundstone village sits on its bay in Moyrus parish, Galway, capable of sheltering the largest ships with best anchorage off the Innisnee shore. The pier and quay were built by government, though dry at low water along the quay wall.

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    The parish is situated upon the western coast ; it extends from the Killery harbours, on the south, to the bays of Roundstone and Birterbuy, on the north, across a wild and mountainous district, and comprises 100,5 10|- statute acres. The village of Roiiiidstoiie, on the bay of that name, is situated in lat. 53" 23' 30" (N.), and iu Ion. 9° 51' 30" CVV.). The bay is capable of sheltering the largest ships, the best anchorage being in four or five fathoms of water, on the Innisnee shore, a little above the point of that island : vessels of considerable burthen may go up to the pier, which is dry at low water along' the quay wall, or lie safe off the village. The pier and quay were built by government ; they are

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 184

40. Round tower and ancient cross at Old Kilcullen

    Kilcullen · town · Kildare

    In the churchyard at Old Kilcullen are the remains of a slender circular tower and the erect shaft of an ancient cross divided into compartments, each containing an emblematical sculpture.

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    The LIVING is a vicarage (otherwise called a perpetual curacy), in the diocese of Dublin, united, in 1833, to the impropriate curacies of Davidstown, Giltown, and Brannickstown, together forming the benefice of KilcuUen ; the rectory is chiefly united to the half rectory of Glasnevin, together constituting the corps of the chancellorship of the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin, in the patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge is £249. ■">. 6., of which £148 are payable to the chancellor, and £73. 5. 6. to the perpetual curate. The church, for the erection of which, in 181,^, the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £1000, has lately undergone enlargement, which renders it cruciform, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having granted £238 towards the expense. Divine service is also performed during the summer in a school-house at Calvertstown. The glebe-house is a neat residence, built in 1824, by a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 20 acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church : there is a chapel at Gormanstown, and also at New Abbey ; the latter stands within the cemetery, and is built partly with the materials, of the ancient abbey, some of the ornamental sculptures of which are preserved in the present building. Nev^■ Abbey was founded in 1460 for Franciscans of the Strict Observance, by Sir Roland Fitz-Eustace, many years lord chancellor and treasurer of Ireland. After its dissolution it was granted, in 1582, by Queen Elizabeth to the poet Spenser: and though the tower fell in 1764, and a great portion of the materials was used in building the Roman Catholic chapel, the ruins are still highly interesting. The tomb of the founder and his lady is still visible in the churchyard, but so deeply sunk in the ground that the inscription, ascribing the foundation of the abbey to Roland Fitz-Eustace, who died Dec. 19tb, 1496, can with difficulty be read. In the churchyard at Old Kilcullen are the remains of a slender circular tower, and the erect shaft of an ancient cross divided into compartments, each containing an emblematical sculpture.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 18

41. Round tower and castle remains, Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare

    About thirty yards from the church in Kildare stands an ancient round tower 132 feet high, crowned with graduated battlements within the last century. Part of the ancient castle is also still remaining.

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    The parish comprises 921 5| statute acres. It is a rectory, appropriate to the dean and chapter : the tithe rent-charge is £242. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is the head of a district, called Kildare and Rathangan, comprising the parishes of Kildare, Rathangan, Carne, Dunmurry, Pollardstown, Thomastown, TuUy, Lackagh, and Knavenstown : there is a chapel in the town, and also one at Rathangan. Near the town chapel is a convent of nuns of the order of the Presentation, the sisters of which devote their time to the gratuitous instruction of poor girls; and not far from the ruins of the monastery of St. Bridget is a Carmelite friary, a neat building recently erected on the site of the ancient house of that order, and attached to which is a chapel. The county infirmary is situated in the town. About thirty yards from the church is an ancient round tower, 132 feet high, which within the last century has been crowned with graduated battlements ; and part of the ancient castle is still remaining. t)n the Curragh, according to Giraldus Cambrensis, was

    formerly a circle of large stones, of which no traces remain ; but there are numerous earthworks, most of which appear to have been sepulchral. On this plain, Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Earl Palatine of Leinster, who had been invited by De Burgo, De Lacy, and other lords to negotiate a truce, was betrayed by Geoffrey de Marisco, his attendant, into the power of his enemies, and put to death, in 1234. David O'Buge, who, in the early part of the 14th century, was eminently distinguished as a philosopher, rhetorician, and divine, was a native of the town; he was provincial of the Carmelites in Ireland, and was interred in the monastery of that order at this place, of which he had been a friar. Kildare gives the inferior titles of Earl and Marquess to the Duke of Leinster.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 21

42. Round tower and circular mount at Inniskeen

    Inishkeen · town · Monaghan

    A round tower stood at Inniskeen, one of only two in the county. Near the tower was a circular mount enclosed with a wall of stone and mortar.

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    Among the ANTiauiTiES are two round towers, one at Clones, the other at Inniskeen : c(mtiguous to the former is a rath of large dimensions, and near the latter a circular mount inclosed with a wall of stone and mortar. At Freamount is another large rath; and a

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 161

43. Round tower and rath at Clones

    Clones · town · Monaghan

    Among the antiquities of Monaghan were two round towers, one at Clones and the other at Inniskeen. Contiguous to the Clones tower was a rath of large dimensions.

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    Among the ANTiauiTiES are two round towers, one at Clones, the other at Inniskeen : c(mtiguous to the former is a rath of large dimensions, and near the latter a circular mount inclosed with a wall of stone and mortar. At Freamount is another large rath; and a

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 161

44. Round tower and stone crosses at Drumcliffe

    near Drumcliff · population centre · Sligo

    At Drumcliffe stand the remains of a round tower, noted as coarser in construction and smaller in dimensions than any other then known. Two stone crosses are also at the site: one in perfect condition and the other much decayed.

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    Among the antiquities maybe mentioned the remains of a round tower at Drumcliffe, of coarser construction and smaller dimensions than any other now known ; it is considerably injured by time : at the same place are two stone crosses, one in a perfect state, the other much mutilated and decayed. About two miles from Sligo, on the Dublin road, the ground is overspread to a great extent with Druidical circles, called by the peasantry Giants" Graves : one of them, Lugna Clogh, is a cromlech of large stones, under which human bones have been found. The name of Giants' houses has been given 3X2

    SLIG

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

45. Round tower at Aghadoe, 20 feet remaining

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry

    One of three ancient round towers in County Kerry was located at Aghadoe, of which about 20 feet still remained at the time of writing. The tower was partially destroyed but a substantial fragment survived.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county are very numerous, though the most common are merely the traces of the military struggles of which it has been the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about 20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcrohane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date : there is another stone fort with seats around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a remoter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ; where there is another inscription in a running character of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones, also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment. There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a singular line of defence, commencing at a place called Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; proceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured to have been a line of demarcation between the principalities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House, Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinaskellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin, O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy. There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian, on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ; a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ; one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the 15

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

46. Round tower at Ardfert cathedral fell in 1771

    Ardfert · town · Kerry · 1771

    One of three ancient round towers formerly in County Kerry stood near the cathedral of Ardfert but collapsed in 1771. The county had once possessed three such towers, of which this was the first to be lost.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county are very numerous, though the most common are merely the traces of the military struggles of which it has been the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about 20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcrohane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date : there is another stone fort with seats around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a remoter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ; where there is another inscription in a running character of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones, also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment. There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a singular line of defence, commencing at a place called Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; proceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured to have been a line of demarcation between the principalities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House, Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinaskellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin, O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy. There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian, on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ; a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ; one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the 15

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

47. Round tower at Ardmore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    A very perfect and beautiful ancient round tower stands at Ardmore, representing one of the key vestiges of antiquity in the county of Waterford.

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    The county presents vestiges of many periods of ANTIQUITY, and of various character. At Ardmore is a very perfect and beautiful ancient round tower. There

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 375

48. Round tower at Kellistown demolished 1801

    Kellistown · parish · Carlow · 1801

    One of the ancient round towers stood at Kellistown until 1801, when it was pulled down to make room for the belfry of the church. The remains of the old church denote an early date, and the burial-ground contains tombstones of the Cummins family, formerly proprietors of the place.

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    KELLISTOWN, or Kellystown, a parish, partly in the barony of Forth, but chiefly in that of Carlow, union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (S. E.) from Carlow, on the road from that place to Newtown-Barry ; containing 6S4 inhabitants. It comprises 4405 statute acres of land, of good quality, and the elevated grounds command extensive prospects : in it is Moyle, the residence of T. Bunbury, Esq. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the gift of the Crown for two turns, and the Bishop for one : the tithe rent-charge is £'271. ~. The church is a small plain building, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits granted £600 and a loan of £100, in 1S08 ; it was lately repaired by a grant of £155 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was built in 1802, by aid of a gift of £100 from the Board ; the glebe comprises 20«. "ir. "23/). In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Gilbertstown. One of the ancient round towers stood here till ISOT, when it was pulled down to make room for the belfry of the church. The remains of the old church denote an early date ; in the burial-ground are some tombstones of the Cummins family, formerly proprietors of this place.

    KELLS, an ancient parish, in the union of Ballymena, barony of Lower Antrim, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 5^ miles (N.) from Antrim, and on the road from Ballymena to Randalstown : the population is included in the return for the parish of Connor, into which this place (which in the civil divisions is not recognised as a parish) is generally considered to have merged. In the early part of the ninth century, a 3

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 2

49. Round tower at Kells

    Kells · town · Meath

    A round tower, one of the most remarkable relics of antiquity of the earliest ages, stood at Kells. It was noted alongside the tower at Donoughmore as among the county's principal ancient monuments.

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    The most remarkable relics of antiquity of the earliest ages are two round towers, one at Kells, and the other in the churchyard of Donoughmore, near Navan. At New Grange, near Slane, is a very curious tumulus, in which is an artificial cavern of some extent and singular construction. Near Dowth are a Druidical circle and the remains of a cromlech. Vestiges of Danish monuments are very numerous ; the most remarkable is a rath near Taragh, supposed to have been the residence of the Danish king, Turgesius ; the raths of Odder, Rameven, and Ringlestown, are in the same neighbourhood : they have all been planted. Six of the ancient instruments called corabasnas were found by persons digging in a park near Slane, in 1781 : the corabasna was of a complex form, consisting of two circular plates of brass connected by a spiral wire, which produced a jingling noise when the plates were struck by the fingers ; it was used for the purpose of keeping time. Two splendid torques of pure gold were found near Taragh, in 1813, and passed into the pos- 326

    MEAT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

50. Round tower at Kilmallock church

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick

    At the west end of the north aisle of Kilmallock church stands an ancient round tower, pierced with numerous windows and differing greatly from others of that class. The church exterior is embattled.

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    Kilmallock is in the diocese of Limerick ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedral of Limerick, and the vicarage to the dean and chapter, to whom it was granted in 16/4 by royal charter, which also united it to the rectory of Kilbreedy-Major, and to the rectories and vicarages of Particles, liallin^ddy, and Athnassy, together forming the economy fund of the cathedral. The parochial duties are performed by a stipendiary curate, who receives £90 per annum from the dean and chajiter. The tithe rent-charge is £22.">, of which £150 are payable to the lessee of the vicarschoral, and the remainder to the economy fund ; the aggregate tithe for the union of the economy fund is £603. 18. 6. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe lands of the union comprise 89i acres, of which Ih^ are in this parish. The chuucu, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, and formerly collegiate, is an ancient and spacious structure, built in various successive styles of English architecture, and consisting of a nave, aisles, and south transept, which have been roofless since 1657, when the church was partly destroyed by Cromwell, and of a spacious and lofty choir, which is fitted up for divine service. The nave is separated from the aisles by a series of massive square pillars, supporting lofty pointed arches, and the choir has an east window combining five lancet-shaped lights. In the aisles and transept are altar-tombs to the Fitzgeralds, Verdons, Ilealcys, Blakeneys, and Coppingers ; they are generally of the 17th century, and rudely sculptured ; the figures are sunk, and the inscriptions in relief. In the choir is a handsome monument to the family of Coote, of Castle Coote. The exterior of the church is embattled, and at the west end of the north aisle is an ancient round tower, pierced with numerous windows, and differing greatly from others of that class. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Tankardstown, Ballingaddy, and Kilquane, and parts of the parishes of Bulgadine and Uregare ; and containing two chapels, situated at Kilmallock and Ballingaddy. The chapel in the town is a spacious building, erected in 1814, and subsequently enlarged : that at Ballingaddy is two miles from the town, and near it are the ruins of a former chapel, the cemetery of which, still used as a burialground, has been planted with trees by Mr. Conte, of Mount -Coote. The male and female parochial schools are held in the castle belonging to the late corporation, and are chiefly supported by the dean and chapter, by whom they have been endosved with about an acre of land, and by subscriptions. The union workhouse, on a site of seven acres purchased for £587, was completed in 1840, at an expense of £7000, and is constructed to contain 800 paupers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

51. Round tower at Monasterboice

    Monasterboice · townland · Louth

    A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, one of the best-preserved examples of these early medieval ecclesiastical structures in County Louth.

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    Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or " the one night's work." The most ancient mounds appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vicinity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballinahatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ; Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Bellingham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The number of religious houses that existed in the county is no less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Carlingford, where the ruined buildings are very interesting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St. Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice, where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's, is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dundalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle- Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the northern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol (near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan (two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of these, together with the chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ; and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were found near Monasterboice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

52. Round tower at Rattoo still standing nearly entire

    Rattoo · townland · Kerry

    The third of Kerry's ancient round towers, located at Rattoo, was still standing nearly entire at the time of writing. It was the best-preserved of the three towers formerly found in the county.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county are very numerous, though the most common are merely the traces of the military struggles of which it has been the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about 20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcrohane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date : there is another stone fort with seats around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a remoter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ; where there is another inscription in a running character of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones, also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment. There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a singular line of defence, commencing at a place called Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; proceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured to have been a line of demarcation between the principalities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House, Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinaskellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin, O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy. There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian, on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ; a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ; one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the 15

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

53. Round tower at Turlough

    Turlough · townland · Mayo

    Near the remains of an old church in the parish of Turlough stands one of the ancient round towers, in an excellent state of preservation.

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    The living is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Tuam : the rectory and vicarage form part of the union of Castlebar ; the perpetual curacy comprises this parish and that of Kildecamogue, and is in the patronage of the incumbent of Castlebar. The tithe rent-charge is £1.5.5. 15.6.; and the stipend of the curate is £100, of which £75 are paid by the incumbent, and £'lo by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners from Primate Boulter's augmentatiou fund. The church is a neat edifice in the later English style, and in good repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Kildecamogue, and containing three chapels, two of which are in this parish, situated respectively at Park and Crumlin. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and Wesleyan Methodists. Some remains exist of an old church, near which is one of the ancient round towers, in an excellent state of preservation.

    TUSCAR, county Wexford. — See Kilrane.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 361

54. Round tower, castle and abbey ruins at Newmarket (Kilkenny)

    Newmarket · townland · Kilkenny

    Remains of an ancient round tower, a castle and an abbey are found here, the abbey containing the cemetery of the Castlemorris family. The castle ruins consist chiefly of the keep, attesting its former magnitude.

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    chapels belonging to the union of Ballyhale. Here are the remains of an ancient round tower, and of a castle and abbey, the latter containing the cemetery of the Castlemorris family, whose scat, surrounded by a wellplanted demesne of about 400 plantation acres, is in the vicinity. The ruins of the castle consist chiefly of the keep, which attests its former magnitude j and at Danganmore are the remains of another castle, which formerly gave the title of baron palatine to the family of Comerford, dependents of the Earl of Ormonde. On the summit of an elevation in the vicinity, called the King's mountain, are four great natural ridges, one of red argillite and the rest of breccia ; from this elevation a most extensive view is obtained of the rich and cultivated plain towards Kells and Kilkenny, embracing also part of the county of Waterford.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 206

55. Round tower fragment at Oran

    Oran · townland · Roscommon

    A fragment of a round tower at Oran proves the remote antiquity of the place. It now stands only 12 feet high with walls 4 feet 6 inches thick, built of two different kinds of limestone.

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    ORAN, a parish, in the barony of Ballymoe, union and county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 05 miles (N. W.) from Roscommon : on the road to Castlerea, and on the river Suck ; containing "2114 inhabitants. This place was anciently called i/((- aran-Hichlaback, and is of great antiquity. St. Patrick is said to have founded a church here, of which St. Cethecus was bishop ; this prelate was interred here. The old cemetery, adjacent to the high road, is still a favourite place of burial, and the reputation of its sanctity attracts many pilgrims. The parish comprises 5181^ statute acres of good land chiefly under tillage, there being neither waste nor bog : the soil rests on limestone, of which there are quarries. Oran is a prebend and rectory, in the diocese of Elphin, episcopaily united from time immemorial to the vicarage of Drimtemple, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Essex. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £109. 10., and the gross tithe of the union £134. 10. The church of the union is at Drimtemple ; it was erected in 1815, at an expense of £554, a gift from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Glinsk and Kilcroan. There are still some ruins of the old church ; and the remote antiquity of the place is proved by the fragment of a round tower, now only 12 feet high, and 1 1 feet 3 inches in internal diameter, having walls 4 feet 6 inches thick, well built of two different kinds of limestone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 224

56. Round tower of Meelick, Mayo

    Meelick · townland · Mayo

    A celebrated round tower at Meelick stands perfect except for its roof and is in a good state of preservation. The parish also has a coal mine (not currently worked) and fine stone quarries.

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    MEELICK, a parish, in the union of Swinford, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and province of CoNNAUGHT, 4 mllcs (N. W.) from Swinford, on the road to Castlebar ; containing 3915 inhabitants. This parish is bounded by the river Moy on the north-west, and by the Geesten on the south-west ; and comprises 8062^^ statute acres, consisting of good arable and pasture land, with some bog. The land is principally in tillage, and the system of agriculture improving. Here is a coal-mine, not worked at present ; there are very fine stone-quarries, the produce of which is used both for building and for repairing the roads. The principal seats are Oldcastle and Newcastle. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of the union of Kilconduff; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of the late Roger Palmer, Esq., and the tithe-rent charge is £185. 1., one-half payable to the impropriators, and the other to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, it is part of the union or district of Kilconduff; the chapel was built in 1835, ou an acre of ground given by J. Bolingbroke, Esq. The celebrated round tower of Meelick is perfect, with the exception of the roof, and is in a state of good preservation. In the Oldcastle demesne is a well, the water of which is impregnated with sulphur and iron, and is efficacious in scorbutic cases. Numerous gold and silver coins, of the reigns of the Edwards and Henrys, have been discovered from time to time.

    MEELMANE, a village, in the parish of Lislee, union of Bandon, barony of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing 55 houses, and 269 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

57. Round Tower of Roscrea

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary

    An ancient round tower stood opposite the old church on the north-west side. It was about 50 feet high, in good preservation, covered with a dome roof of wood, with two tiers of stone steps around its base and a circular arched doorway about 15 feet from the ground.

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    The only part left of the ancient Abbey is the western gable, with an arched door forming an entrance to the present churchyard ; on each side of the arch are two flat niches, and above the doorway is a figure of the patron saint, Cronan, but much mutilated. In the churchyard is part of a circular cross, which, with another stone now forming part of the wall, is called the Shrine of St. Cronan, and is rudely sculptured with a representation of the Crucifixion and other figures. On the opposite side of the road, to the north-west of the old church, is an ancient Round Tower ; it is about SO feet high, in good preservation, and covered with a dome roof of wood ; around its base are two tiers of stone steps, and about 15 feet from the ground is a circular arched doorway, above which, at an elevation of 15 feet, is a pointed window. There are also some remains of the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha, where, from the time of St. Columba, who flourished early in the 6th century and was the founder of that order, subsisted till the beginning of the 17th century a fraternity of monks remarkable for their learning and sanctity, who strenuously resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome, and are mentioned by Archbishop Ussher as existing in the earlier part of his time. In the north-western pait of the town are the remains of the Franciscan Friary, still in tolerable preservation ; the tower of the ancient church forms the entrance to the Roman Catholic chapel. In a street called the Mall is still standing a circular tower, forming a portion of the castle erected by King John : this tower has been recently roofed ; and in the centre of the town, and in good preservation, is the lofty square castle built by the Butler family, part of which has been appropriated as a depAt for military stores for the use of the troops quartered in the barracks. St. Canice here wrote a copy of the Four Gospels, called Glass Kennic, or " the Chain of Canice," which till the time of Ussher was preserved in the abbey of this place : there was also a curious copy written by Dimma, a scribe, the son of Aengus son of Carthin, which was also kept here in a curiously ornamented box, and was most probably the manuscript in the possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at Arms. There is a chalybeate spring at Corville, near the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

58. Round tower on steep hill near Oughterard, Kildare

    Oughterard · townland · Kildare

    Near the church ruins at Oughterard, Kildare, stands the remains of a round tower on a steep hill. Its doorway is a circular arch 10 feet from the ground, with a window of the same shape above, and the summit offers extensive prospects including Howth promontory.

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    OUGHTERARD, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of South Salt, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (\V. byS.) from Rathcoole, and on the road from Dubhn to Naas ; containing 460 inhabitants, andcomprising'2919^ statute acres. In the ecclesiastical divisions it is not known as a separate parish, but is enumerated as a townland in the parish of Kill, in the diocese of Kildare ; the tithe rent-charge is payable to the vicar of that parish. Here are the ruins of a small church, rebuilt in 1609 on the site of a chantry of great antiquity ; under the west end is an ancient crypt, now used as the cemetery of the family of Ponsouby, of Bishops-court, in this county. In its vicinity are the remains of a round tower, on a steep hill ; the doorway is formed by a circular arch 10 feet from the ground, and 10 feet higher on the south side is a window of the same shape and dimensions : from the summit is obtained an extensive prospect, including the promontory of Howth.

    OUGHTERLEAGUE, or Aughterleigh, (hkewise called Bill) a parish, in the union of Cashel, partly in the barony of Clanwilliam, but chiefly in the barony of Lower Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperarv, and province of Munster, 4i miles (N. W.) from Cashel ; containing 1100 inhabitants. It comprises 26l6 statute acres, including the fine demesne of KiUeuure Castle ; and is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Ballintemple : the tithe rent-charge is £104. lu the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Ballintemple : in each is a chapel.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 226

59. Round tower remains at Oran

    Oran · townland · Roscommon

    The remains of an ancient round tower survive at Oran, among the monastic and early Christian antiquities of the county. These ruins are listed alongside other religious establishments enumerated by Archdall.

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    The most numerous class of antiquities is the raths, which abound in the northern and middle baronies, though less frequent in the south. No less than 470 are marked on the grand jury map of the county ; and the people generally regard them with veneration, deeming it unlucky to disturb or cultivate them. At Jamestown are two, remarkable for being situated so close to each other that the encircling trenches join ; there is a still more curious circular fortification at Lough Glynn, and at Oran are the remains of an ancient round tower. The monastic remains are also various and interesting : Archdall enumerates 50 religious establishments of various kinds ; and there are still interesting and picturesque ruins of Boyle Abbey ; of that at Clonshanvill ; of Trinity Abbey, on the shore of Lough Kea ; of the priory of Inchmacneerin, an island in the same lake ; of Tulsk Abbey ; of the Dominican convent at Roscommon; of Dcrane Abbey, two miles north-east from Roscommon ; and of Clontuskert Abbey, in the same vicinity. There are also a large old church and other ecclesiastical ruins at St. John's. Several remains of small castles are scattered through the county, undeserving of particular notice. The following are most remarkable : the old castle of Lough Glynn j the fortress on Castle Island, in Lough Kea, anciently belonging to Mac Dermct ; Ballynafad Castle, the ancient seat of O'Conor Roe ; the extensive ruins of Roscommon Castle ; those of Ballintobber Castle, belonging anciently to O'Conor Don ; the old keep of Athlone Castle ; the ruined fortress and fortified isthmus of St. John's; and the old castle of Ballinasloe. Old Coote Hall, in the parish of Tumna, presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and ruined walls ; and at Belanagare, Kilmore, and near Athleague, are ruined mansions, conspicuous by their tall ornamented chimneys and high gables. Among the other antiquities may be noticed the old bridge of Athlone, the inscription on which states it to have been built 4S3

    Rose

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

60. Round towers at Ardpatrick and Carriggreen

    Ardpatrick · townland · Limerick

    County Limerick once had two round towers. The tower at Ardpatrick fell a few years prior to the survey, while the one at Carriggreen remained in good preservation.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTiauiTY are numerous, and of great variety of character. There were two round towers : that at Ardpatrick fell a few years since ; the other, at Carrigreen, is in good preservation. Of the earlier and ruder kind of pagan relics are, the cromlech on Bailenalycaellach hill, and two others near it ; the fortifications on Knocktow ; a large fort at Friarstown ; a large and very perfect moat at Kilfinane, and another at Pallasgreine ; a tumulus at Bruree ; an earthen fort of great height near Croom ; the stone circles at Grange ; a large dun or intrenched mount, with raths and other circular fortifications, at Kilpeacon ; a circular fort divided into segments near Shanid Castle ; and traces of an ancient city in Cahir Park. The number of the religious houses that were founded here is about 35, exclusively of those in the city and its liberties. There are still remains of those of the Trinitarians, Augustinians, and Franciscans, at Adare ; of Monaster na Geailleach ; of Askeaton Abbey ; and of Kilshane Abbey, in the parish of Ballingarry ; also several extensive ruins of the ancient college at Mungret ; of Galbally friary ; of Kilflin monastery ; of Kilmallock Abbey ; of Monaster-Nenagh Abbey ; and of the fine old abbey in the parish of Rochestown : all of which are particularly described in their respective parishes. The county contains upwards of 50 ruins of churches : it is, however, but right to observe, that in many instances new structures have been built in more eligible situations, and every parish has now a church, or is united to a parish in which there is one. So numerous were the castles rendered necessary by the former unsettled state of the country, that they are sometimes found within half a mile of each other; there are still ruins, more or less extensive, of nearly one hundred, which, with the modern seats of the nobility and gentry, are noticed in their respective places.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74