Name: The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.
Author: Charles Smith (1715?–1762)

Survey of the Cork-Limerick road and meridian to Kinsale

Cork · city · Cork

The author notes the road from Cork to Limerick had been previously chained at sixty-three English miles, though the straight-line distance was only forty-six miles almost north and south. He extended his survey line south to Kinsale to establish a near north-south meridian for one degree of latitude, serving as a base for all his triangulation of the county.

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In the year 1733 ^^^ Cardinal Fleury having thought it necessary to construct a map, of France, being informed that the work could not be better carried on than by the astronomers of the Royal Academy of Sciences, applied to M. Cassini on that head, who was of opinion that in order to execute it with the utmost exactness, the same method ought to be employed as was formerly for the meridian, by taking through the whole extent of the kingdom triangles linked together, by the means of objects seen successively one from another, etc. This project of making a map by such triangles had been already offered to M. Colbert by M. Picart in 1681, but was not then executed; however, M. Cassini proposed that these triangles should be begun in a direction perpendicular to the meridian, in order to render those operations of service towards the decision of the question relating to the true figure of the earth. Upon this hint I proceeded in my survey of this county, which will be found to be of a considerable extent. The road from Cork to Limerick I found had been some time ago exactly chained, and each mile marked on a map of the same, with all the respective windings, which made sixty-three English miles. But laying a rule directly on the map from one city to the other in a right line, they are not further than forty-six miles asunder, almost north and south, which admeasurement being exactly chained, I thought it would be no difficult task to carry on the said line south to Kinsale, by which I had an almost north and south meridian for one degree of latitude, which also served as a base for all my several triangles. When I took the sides of these triangles from elevated places, as on the tops of mountains, I found it necessary to reduce them to what they would be, had they been observed in plains parallel to the horizon ; for this purpose the shortest method of taking those heights I found was by the barometer, making a proper allowance, by the best constructed tables, for that purpose.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 4

As the companion tells it

Cork sits on the road the surveyor used as his starting line. In 1733, Cardinal Fleury decided France needed a proper map, and turned to M. Cassini of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Cassini advised that the work be done by triangles, objects seen one from another, linked across the whole kingdom. The same method had been proposed to Colbert by Picart back in 1681, but never carried out. Cassini added that the triangles should begin in a direction perpendicular to the meridian, to help settle the question of the true figure of the earth. The author of this survey took that as his hint, and set to work on the county of Cork, which he calls a considerable extent. The road from Cork to Limerick, he found, had already been chained, every mile marked on a map with all its windings, making 63 English miles. But lay a rule straight across that map from one city to the other, and they are only 46 miles apart, almost north and south. Because that measurement had been exactly chained, he saw he could carry the line on south to Kinsale, giving himself a near north-south meridian for one degree of latitude. That line became the base for every triangle in his survey. When he took the sides of those triangles from the tops of mountains, he had to reduce them to what they would be if observed on flat ground, parallel to the horizon. For that he used a barometer, and made allowance for its readings by the best constructed tables he could find.

Togher castle still standing, seat of Teige O'Downy

Togher · townland · Cork

Teige O'Downy, last of the Glawnacrime Mac Carty house, possessed a castle called Togher which was still standing at the time of writing. This family was noted for extravagant hospitality, a practice formerly much applauded in the county.

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The other clans of the Mac Cartys in Carbery, and their territories, were, first, the branch of Clancrimine, so called from Mac Crimin, a sept of the Mac Cartys, whose seat was at Ballynorohor, anciently one of the best castles in this county, which he justly forfeited, together with his life, for a barbarous murder by him committed, anno 1641. A second branch of the Mac Cartys. possessed a tract, called Glawnacrime, being the parish of Fanlobush, now Dunmanway, near which place they had their residence, in a castle lately demolished by Sir Richard Cox. This family was famous for extrayagant hospitality, a practice formerly much applauded in this county. The last of this house was called Teige O'Downy, who, besides the fore-named castle, had another, which is still standing, called Togher. A third branch of this family had the surname, or rather the soubriquet, of Rabagh, i,e, " the hospitable."
West of the last territory was another small tract in Carbery, called Clandonel-Roe's country, the Mac Cartys also possessed it As did another small branch of the same name, a little territory to the east of Dunmanway, formerly called Mac Inganauras, though some give this last to the Collins's.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Togher, a castle was still standing when the old book was written, and it belonged to Teige O'Downy. He was the last of a branch of the Mac Cartys who held the tract called Glawnacrime, the parish of Fanlobush, now Dunmanway. Their main residence was a castle near there, but that one was demolished by Sir Richard Cox. This family was famous for extravagant hospitality, a practice formerly much applauded in this county. Besides the castle that Cox pulled down, Teige O'Downy had this other one, Togher, which survived. The book names another branch of the Mac Cartys as well, the Clancrimine, from Mac Crimin, whose seat was at Ballynorohor, anciently one of the best castles in the county. He justly forfeited that castle and his life for a barbarous murder he committed in 1641. A third branch carried the name Rabagh, which the book glosses as the hospitable. So the habit of keeping open house ran through more than one line of these families, and Togher castle is what remains to point at here.

Two ancient churches in one churchyard at Buttevant

Buttevant · town · Cork

The ancient remains of two churches are still visible at Buttevant, one dedicated to St. Bridget and the other to the Virgin Mary. Both stood in the same churchyard, which the author notes as very uncommon. A modern church also stands nearby.

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strongly erected on a rock over the river Awbeg ; the inside of this building forms an octagon, and was no inconsiderable fortress before the present art of besieging places was discovered. Within the court is now a good modern house, inhabited by Mr. Piers. Church Somewhat more to the east stands the church, which is a modern structure ; but the ancient remains of two churches, one dedicated to St Bridget, and the other to the Virgin Mary, are still visible, both having stood in the same churchyard, which is very uncommon. There are also the ruins of a chapel-of-ease at Spitle Bridge, one mile east of Buttevant This whole town formerly seems to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses, which, being dissolved, consequently went with them to ruin, so that these lines of Mr. Pope may be now justly applied to this place : —
The level rd town with weeds lies cover'd o'er,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 166

As the companion tells it

Buttevant was once a town full of churches and religious houses. The ancient remains of two churches are still visible, one dedicated to Saint Bridget and the other to the Virgin Mary. Both stood in the same churchyard, which is very uncommon. A modern church also stands nearby. The town sits strongly on a rock over the river Awbeg, and one building inside forms an octagon. It was no small fortress before the present art of besieging places was discovered. Within the court is a good modern house, inhabited by Piers. There are also ruins of a chapel-of-ease at Spitle Bridge, one mile east. This whole town seems to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses, which, being dissolved, went to ruin. The lines of Pope may be now justly applied to this place: "The level town with weeds lies cover'd o'er."

Ursuline Convent and Holy Cross relic at Blackrock

near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1801–1832

The Ursuline Convent at Blackrock was a highly respectable establishment for the education of wealthy Catholic females. It also housed a relic of the Holy Cross presented to the Bishop of Cork in 1801.

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" There are three convents of nuns in Cork — The Ursuline Convent at Blackrock, (»o) " the community of which devote themselves to the education of the females of the " more wealthy classes of the Roman Catholics, and is a highly respectable establish- " ment.
"The chapel (lO attached to it is a beautiful specimen of Grecian architecture, and "besides some good paintings, it is also enriched by an ivory crucifixion group by

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 234

As the companion tells it

Blackrock, outside Cork, held the Ursuline Convent, a highly respectable establishment. The community there devoted themselves to educating the daughters of wealthier Roman Catholics. The convent also housed a relic of the Holy Cross, presented to the Bishop of Cork in 1801. Its chapel was a beautiful specimen of Grecian architecture, with good paintings and an ivory crucifixion group.

Western mountains as ancient Irish retreat

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

The west side of Bantry Bay is one continued chain of lofty mountains, anciently called Vallis Juncosa. They served as the retreat of the ancient Irish soon after the arrival of the English, until the divisions of the houses of York and Lancaster obliged many English to quit, allowing the Irish to return to the lower grounds.

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places, above a league broad ; in the midst of it are forty fathoms of water. There are few strands round it, the coasts being all high stupendous rocks. The entrance of this bay is formed by the mountains of Bearhaven to the north-west and Sheep's Head Point to the south-east. On the larboard hand lies the island of Bearhaven. All the west side is one continued chain of lofty mountains, running far up the country to the north, and dividing the counties of Cork and Kerry ; they were anciently called Vallis Juncosa, and were the retreat of the ancient Irish soon after the arrival of the English, from whence they scarcely stirred till the divisions of the houses of York and Lancaster obliged many of the latter to quit the country, upon which the Jrish came once more into the lower grounds,
to the great annoyance of the remaining English. The

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 156

As the companion tells it

The road passes near Bantry Bay in Cork, a bay above a league broad with forty fathoms of water in its midst. There are few strands round it, the coasts being all high rocks. The entrance is formed by the mountains of Bearhaven to the north-west and Sheep's Head Point to the south-east. All the west side is one continued chain of lofty mountains, running far up the country to the north, dividing the counties of Cork and Kerry. They were anciently called Vallis Juncosa, and were the retreat of the ancient Irish soon after the arrival of the English. From there the Irish scarcely stirred until the divisions of the houses of York and Lancaster obliged many of the latter to quit the country, upon which the Irish came once more into the lower grounds, to the great annoyance of the remaining English.

Yew Poisoning at Ballymacoda Garden

Ballymacoda · townland · Cork

Cattle died suddenly after eating branches of a yew tree in the garden of Ballymacoda, then held by Mr. Maurice Uniack. This incident demonstrated the poisonous quality of the yew tree.

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The principal seats in this neighbourhood are — i. Bally- Virgone, belonging to Bor Uniack, esq., a pretty plantation, where there is a liquorice tree and a large fir, brought from Newfoundland. YoufihaT*^ 2. Ballydaniel, the seat of Henry Rug, esq., recorder of Youghal, on the W. side of the bay, from whence is an extensive prospect of the sea-coast and ocean. Near it is a small subterraneous river, which runs about a mile under-ground ; but there is another more considerable one near Castlemartyr of the same kind. In Mr. Rug's fish ponds is the water-lily, a beautiful flower, transplanted hither from Youghal bog, where they grow in plenty. 3. The poisonous quality of the yew tree has been experienced by cattle eating of the branches some years ago, in the garden of Ballymacoda, (then held by Mr. Maurice Uniack) in this neighbourhood, after which they suddenly died. This
(»o) MS. Sir Richard Cox. (") lb. ib.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 56

As the companion tells it

Near here is the garden of Ballymacoda, once held by Mr. Maurice Uniack. Some years ago, cattle ate from the branches of a yew tree in that garden, and afterwards they suddenly died. This was taken as clear proof of the poisonous quality of the yew tree. The account appears in a book on the county and city of Cork, among descriptions of the principal seats in this neighbourhood. Bally-Virgone, belonging to Bor Uniack, is noted for a liquorice tree and a large fir brought from Newfoundland. Ballydaniel, the seat of Henry Rug, recorder of Youghal, stands on the western side of the bay, with a prospect of the sea-coast and ocean. But the garden holds the grimmer note: cattle eating of the yew branches there died suddenly, and the yew's poison was no longer in question.

Yew tree growing from rocks near Dunmanway

Dunmanway · town · Cork

A mile north of Dunmanway, there is a wall or mound of rocks with a yew tree growing out of the crevices. The body of the reclining tree measures 17 feet in circumference.

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The country to the north of Dunmanway is prodigiously rocky ; within a mile of the town there is a perfect wall or mound of rocks, running a considerable way. A yew tree grows out of the crevices of these rocks, the body of which is 17 feet in circumference, and grows in a reclining manner.
Mohanagh, a mile south of Dunmanway, is the seat of

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 138

As the companion tells it

North of Dunmanway, the country is prodigiously rocky. Within a mile of the town there is a wall or mound of rocks running a considerable way. A yew tree grows out of the crevices of those rocks. Its body is 17 feet in circumference, and it grows in a reclining manner.

Youghal's 1630 army maintenance taxation

Youghal · town · Cork · 1630

In 1630 Youghal contributed £27 quarterly towards army maintenance, but the Earl of Cork's tenants paid only £3 13s. The north and south abbeys and college lands were exempt from taxes and soldier quartering as privileged lands.

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Anno 1630, this town contributed quarterly towards the maintenance of the army the sum of ^27 sterl, of which the Earl of Cork's tenants paid only;^3 13s., his being privileged lands, the N. and S. abbeys, as well as the college lands, being exempted from taxes or quartering soldiers. — MS. at Lismore.
8o THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 53

As the companion tells it

Youghal, in 1630, carried a quarterly tax of 27 pounds for the army's maintenance. But the Earl of Cork's tenants paid only 3 pounds and 13 shillings, for his lands were privileged. The north and south abbeys, and the college lands, were exempt too, free from taxes and from quartering soldiers. The source is a manuscript at Lismore.

Bantry abandoned as too remote and dangerous

Bantry · town · Cork · 1586–1600

Sir Thomas Norreys sent his people to Bantry where Edward Rogers was to have been placed, but they found the place far off and dangerous, with not more than a limited number of acres unclaimed by the Irish, and were driven to return.

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"John Popham placed himself at Mallo, being but VI.^*- acr (six thousand acres), and at the ernest request of Sir Thos. Norreys, who, expecting to be placed at Imokilly, and finding no place there, for that it is all claymed as chargeable land, sent his people to the Bantrye, where Edward Rogers, Esq., weis to have been placed, and finding them in all not passing IIP*' acres, the place being far off, and dangerous, and all the rest thereabouts claym'd by others of the Irish, is driven, and the same Edward Rogers also, to return all these people, saving some few that of themselves are contented still to stay there.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 12

As the companion tells it

Near this road lies the town of Bantry. In the years around 1586, Sir Thomas Norreys expected to be placed at Imokilly, but found no place there, for all the land was claimed. John Popham had placed himself at Mallo, being but six thousand acres. Norreys sent his people to Bantry, where Edward Rogers was to have been placed. They found not passing 200 acres, the place being far off and dangerous, and all the rest claimed by others of the Irish. Norreys was driven, and Edward Rogers also, to return all these people, saving some few that of themselves were content still to stay there.

Bishop Wilson buried under his cathedral, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1857

Dr. James Wilson, precentor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, succeeded as bishop and was beloved by all who knew him. He died at the Palace in Cork on 5 January 1857 and was buried under his own cathedral, his coffin placed beside that of Bishop St. Lawrence.

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subsequently translated to Leighlin and Ferns, and afterwards became, in 1809, archbishop of Dublin. Dr. William Foster (son of Lord Chief Baron) succeeded in 1790. He was translated to Kilmore, and in 1796 to Clogher, where he died. Dr. William Bennett, his successor, was translated to Qoyne in June, 1794. The Hon. Thomas Stopford succeeded, and appears to have been a man of learning ; he left by will a valuable collection of books to St. Fin Barrels library. Dying at Dublin, he was buried at St. Andrew's on the 21st January, 1805. Lord John George Beresford, afterwards lord primate, succeeded in 1805. He was succeeded by the Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, dean of Cork, in 1807 ; he died at the palace, Cork, on the loth of February, 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. Dr. Samuel Kyle, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, succeeded by letters- patent, dated iith March, 1 831. In oriental and classical learning Dr. Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age. On the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835, Dr. Kyle became bishop of Cork, Qoyne, and Koss. He died on the 1 8th of May, 1848, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet has been erected to his memory, and a marble bust set up in the library. Dr. James Wilson, precentor of St. Patrick's Cath^ral, succeeded ; he was a man of a kind disposition, and beloved by all who knew him ; he died at the Palace, Cork, 5th January, 1857, and was buried under his own cathedra], his coffin being placed by the side of that of Bishop St. Lawrence. Dr. Wilson was succeeded by the learned Dr. William Fitzgerald, archdeacon of Kildare. This eminent divine successively filled the offices of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin. He was the chief contributor to an important series of papers, Cautions fortfu Times, Amongst many other valuable publications with which he has adorned the literature of his country, we may specially mention his edition of Bishop Butler's Analogy, with Notes and a Life of the Author y and A Translation of Dr» fVhitaket's Disputation on Holy Scripture, with Notes, published by the Parker Society. It was during the occupation and under the patronage of this prelate that the chapter first considered the best steps to be taken for the rebuilding of St. Fin Barre's Cathedral. He was translated to Killaloe by letters-patent, 3rd February, 1 8(32.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 252

As the companion tells it

The road passes through Cork, a city that holds the burial of Dr. James Wilson, a bishop whose coffin lies under his own cathedral. Wilson began as precentor of St. Patrick's Cathedral before he succeeded to the bishopric. The record calls him a man of a kind disposition, beloved by all who knew him. He died at the Palace on the 5th of January, 1857, and was buried under his cathedral, his coffin placed beside that of Bishop St. Lawrence. The Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence had been dean of Cork before he became bishop in 1807. He died at the palace on the 10th of February, 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. So when Wilson's coffin was laid there, it was set down alongside St. Lawrence's, beneath the cathedral floor. Before Wilson, Dr. Samuel Kyle had succeeded by letters patent in March 1831. Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age in oriental and classical learning. He became bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross on the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835. Kyle died on the 18th of May, 1848, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet and a marble bust were placed in his memory. After Wilson came Dr. William Fitzgerald, archdeacon of Kildare, who had been Professor of Moral Philosophy and Ecclesiastical History at the University of Dublin. He was chief contributor to a series of papers called Cautions for the Times, and among his publications were an edition of Bishop Butler's Analogy and a translation of Dr. Whitaker's Disputation on Holy Scripture. It was during Fitzgerald's time that the chapter first considered the rebuilding of St. Fin Barre's Cathedral.

Leamcon: two ruined Mahony castles

Leamcon · townland · Cork

Leamcon, a pretty seat of Mr. Hull near a good harbour between Long Island and the mainland, featured two ruined Mahony castles. The larger, called Blackcastle, was built on an island with a very narrow passage that was easily defensible.

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But, to return from Mount Gabriel, justly reckoned the steepest mountain of its length in Ireland, towards the coast, passing by Schull, I proceed west to Leamcon, a pretty seat of Mr. Hull^ near a ^eamcon. g^Q^ harbour, between Long Island and the continent Here are two castles of the Mahonys in ruins. The larger is called Blackcastle Blackcastle, built on an island, to which is a very narrow u A' •!• passage, easily defensible ; and more west is the castle of Ballydivilin. fiallydesmond, now Ballydivilin, another old seat of the Mahonys, boldly erected on a rock hanging over the ocean.
More westerly, in a peninsula, formerly called the Aldern Head,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 144

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Leamcon, described as a pretty seat of Mr. Hull, near a good harbour between Long Island and the mainland. Two castles of the Mahonys stand here in ruins. The larger is called Blackcastle, built on an island with a very narrow passage that was easily defensible. Further west stood the castle of Ballydesmond, now known as Ballydivilin, another old seat of the Mahonys, built boldly on a rock hanging over the ocean.

Mill foundation remains at Youghal harbour entrance

Youghal · town · Cork

At the entrance to Youghal harbour, the remains of a mill foundation can be seen standing on a rock, evidence that the ocean has encroached significantly beyond its former limits on this shore.

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edly, belonged to some fish of the cetaceous kind ; which seems the more probable from their being thick, short, and ponderous, and not to an elephant or land animal, as was conjectured by those who discovered them. About eighteen years ago this strand was entirely divested of all its sand and gravel, and, being left quite bare by violent high winds, great quantities of roots of various trees then lay exposed to view. The sea has greatly encroached on this part of the coast, and is likely to gain more ground, as the land within the strand lies low and flat At the entrance of the harbour of Youghal may be seen the remains of the foundation of a mill standing on a rock, which shows that the ocean has greatly exceeded its limits on this shore. A considerable tract of ground was lately banked in, by a vast buttress built of very large stones, at the charge of the Earl of Burlington, whose estate it is ; but the sea being very tempestuous hereabouts, especially with S. W. winds in winter time, no mound that art can form seems to be capable of resisting its fury. Near Ringpoint, several large horns were dug up in this strand (which belonged to the moose deer) by Mr. Hayman, near Youghal. This strand, to the land, is terminated by a large extended bog, which was continued, before it was encroached upon by the ocean, a great way beyond the lowest ebb.
Clay Castle on this strand is a very bold, sudden-rising ground, or rather a small promontory, composed of a loose sandy clay, which has

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

Youghal sits on a coast the sea has been taking for itself. At the entrance to the harbour here, the remains of a mill foundation can still be seen standing on a rock, proof that the ocean once stretched well beyond its present limits on this shore. The land within the strand lies low and flat, and the water is likely to keep gaining ground. About eighteen years ago, violent high winds stripped this strand entirely of its sand and gravel, leaving it bare and exposing great quantities of tree roots. Near Ringpoint, Mr. Hayman dug up several large horns belonging to the moose deer. The strand runs back to a large extended bog, which before the ocean encroached continued a great way beyond the lowest ebb. A considerable tract of ground was lately banked in by a vast buttress built of very large stones, at the charge of the Earl of Burlington, whose estate it is. But the sea is very tempestuous hereabouts, especially with southwest winds in winter, and no mound that art can form seems capable of resisting its fury. Clay Castle on this strand is a bold, sudden-rising promontory composed of loose sandy clay.

Muskerry named from Carbry Muse's poem to king

near Muskerry · street · Cork

Carbry Muse presented a poem to King Oilioll Olum celebrating his valour, generosity, and magnificence. The king rewarded him with Upper and Lower Ormond, afterwards called Muskery, containing all the country from Ossory to Carrigneshure.

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" ('3) The territory of Carbery took its name from an ancient Irish Chief, so called. There were three brothers, according to the Irish antiquarians, i. Carbry Riada; 2. Carbry Muse; and 3. Carbry Bascoin, who. are said to be sons to Fiacbad, who was brother to Eana Aighnach, Monarch of Munster. They, and their posterity, were called Earnihade Mumhan ; from the first of these, this barony is said to take its name ; and some add, that from him, or his race, Dailriadi, in Scotland, was called. The second brother is said to give his name to Muskery, as did the youngest to Corca Bascoin, a territory where the city of Cork now stands. In the reign of Oilioll Olum, king of Munster, Carbry Muse presented a poem to the king, wherein he celebrated the valour, generosity, and magnificence of that prince, who so greatly liked the performance, that he rewarded him with the two Urmhumhains, i,e.^ Upper and Lower Ormond, called afterwards, from this Carbry, Muskery, and contained all the country from Ossory to Carrigneshure^A>a//«^.
(■4) According to the genealogical tables added to Keating, all the tribes and septs of the O'Mahonys, in the counties of Cork and Kerry, are descended from Cas, brother to Nadfraoch, and son of Core, kings of Munster.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Muskerry, there is a story that begins with three brothers. The Irish antiquarians say they were Carbry Riada, Carbry Muse, and Carbry Bascoin, sons of Fiacbad, who was brother to Eana Aighnach, Monarch of Munster. They and their posterity were called Earnihade Mumhan. The second brother, Carbry Muse, is the one remembered in this place. In the reign of Oilioll Olum, king of Munster, Carbry Muse presented a poem to the king, wherein he celebrated the valour, generosity, and magnificence of that prince. The king so greatly liked the performance that he rewarded him with the two Urmhumhains, that is, Upper and Lower Ormond, called afterwards, from this Carbry, Muskerry. It contained all the country from Ossory to Carrigneshure. From the first brother, Carbry Riada, the territory of Carbery is said to take its name, and some add that from him, or his race, Dailriadi in Scotland was called. The youngest, Carbry Bascoin, gave his name to Corca Bascoin, a territory where the city of Cork now stands.

Poor inhabitants of Cork's south suburb

Cork · city · Cork

The south suburb of Cork was as large as the north but had less trade and was where the poorer inhabitants dwelled. Despite hard fare and coarse diet, their children were described as strong, lusty and healthy.

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mixed with old and new buildings, and as the former decay new ones rise in the modern taste. Most of these houses have balcony windows in the Spanish fashion, and are built of brick. The marshes which retain the names of the principal persons who drained and filled them up are mostly built upon ; that to the east called ** Dunscombe's Marsh," has several good streets and houses on it, particularly those facing the several canals. The western marsh is also daily building upon, it is called " Hamond's Marsh," and is laid out into streets. On the quays are several good private houses as well as warehouses. That called " The Abbey Quay" is well built, and planted with trees. The suburbs to the north is above a measured mile in length, particularly the street called " Mallow Lane," which is much frequented by country-people both for buying and selling their commodities. Blarney Lane is also of a great length, and in the same suburb, in which are an infinite number of slaughter-houses that make it very disagreeable. The south suburb is equally as large, but has not so much trade as the north. In this part the poorer sort of the inhabitants dwell. Their doors are thronged with children, who, notwithstanding their hard fare, coarse diet, and labour of the parents, are more strong, lusty and healthy, than children more tenderly reared.
The quays of this city are very numerous, ^^^ yet ships

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the south suburb of the city was as large as the north, but it had far less trade. This was the part where the poorer inhabitants lived. The north suburb ran above a measured mile, with Mallow Lane much frequented by country people buying and selling, and Blarney Lane running long beside it, filled with an infinite number of slaughter houses that made it very disagreeable. The south suburb matched it in size but not in commerce. The doors of the poor there were thronged with children. Despite what the book calls their hard fare and coarse diet, and the labour of the parents, these children were described as more strong, lusty and healthy than children more tenderly reared. The marshes of the city, Dunscombe's Marsh to the east and Hamond's Marsh to the west, had been drained and filled and were mostly built upon, with new houses rising in the modern taste as old ones decayed, many with balcony windows in the Spanish fashion, built of brick.

Strand near Youghal stripped of sand, tree roots exposed

Youghal · town · Cork

About eighteen years before the author's writing, violent high winds stripped the strand near Youghal of all its sand and gravel, exposing great quantities of tree roots. The sea has greatly encroached on this low-lying coastal area.

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edly, belonged to some fish of the cetaceous kind ; which seems the more probable from their being thick, short, and ponderous, and not to an elephant or land animal, as was conjectured by those who discovered them. About eighteen years ago this strand was entirely divested of all its sand and gravel, and, being left quite bare by violent high winds, great quantities of roots of various trees then lay exposed to view. The sea has greatly encroached on this part of the coast, and is likely to gain more ground, as the land within the strand lies low and flat At the entrance of the harbour of Youghal may be seen the remains of the foundation of a mill standing on a rock, which shows that the ocean has greatly exceeded its limits on this shore. A considerable tract of ground was lately banked in, by a vast buttress built of very large stones, at the charge of the Earl of Burlington, whose estate it is ; but the sea being very tempestuous hereabouts, especially with S. W. winds in winter time, no mound that art can form seems to be capable of resisting its fury. Near Ringpoint, several large horns were dug up in this strand (which belonged to the moose deer) by Mr. Hayman, near Youghal. This strand, to the land, is terminated by a large extended bog, which was continued, before it was encroached upon by the ocean, a great way beyond the lowest ebb.
Clay Castle on this strand is a very bold, sudden-rising ground, or rather a small promontory, composed of a loose sandy clay, which has

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

Youghal sits on the coast of Cork, and the strand near the town holds a story the sea has been writing for years. About 18 years before one writer set it down, violent high winds stripped that strand entirely of its sand and gravel. Left quite bare, great quantities of roots of various trees lay exposed to view, as if the land had pulled back its own covering. The sea has greatly encroached on this part of the coast, and the writer thought it likely to gain more ground, since the land within the strand lies low and flat. At the entrance of the harbour of Youghal you can still see the remains of the foundation of a mill standing on a rock, a sign that the ocean has exceeded its old limits on this shore. The Earl of Burlington, whose estate it is, had a considerable tract of ground banked in by a vast buttress built of very large stones. But the sea is very tempestuous hereabouts, especially with south-west winds in winter, and the writer doubted that any mound art can form would resist its fury. Near Ringpoint, Mr. Hayman dug up several large horns belonging to the moose deer. The strand runs back into a large extended bog, which before the ocean encroached continued a great way beyond the lowest ebb. Clay Castle rises boldly on this strand, a small promontory of loose sandy clay.

Ancient stone moved from Main Street to Mansion House to Police Court

Cork · city · Cork

A stone referenced by Smith in Main Street, Cork, was removed by Richard Sainthill and inserted in the east wall of the Mansion House hall. It was subsequently moved again and placed in the wall of the new Police Court hall in Market Street.

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" This stone was removed by Richard Sainthill, esq., and inserted in the E. wall of " the hall of the Mansion House. It was subsequently removed, and is now in the " wall of the hall of the new Police Court in Market Street.'*— R. C.
Page 385. Exchange. The stones when the Exchange was taken down were used for building the lower part of the steeple at St. Peter's church. Dr. Caulfield states that at the same time the dragon, referred to by Smith, was sent to the Cork Institution, where it remained in the hall for some years, but was stolen in the year 1858, and was recovered with the loss of his tall. A woman subsequently stole it, but it was again recovered, minus this time its head. The mutilated trunk was sold as lumber in 1865. It was made of copper, and thickly gilt, which seems to have excited the cupidity of the several thieves.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 244

As the companion tells it

In Cork, there is an ancient stone that Smith once wrote about in Main Street. Richard Sainthill removed it and had it set into the east wall of the hall of the Mansion House. It did not stay there. It was taken out again and placed in the wall of the hall of the new Police Court in Market Street. When the Exchange was taken down, its stones were used for building the lower part of the steeple at Saint Peter's church. A dragon referred to by Smith was sent to the Cork Institution, where it stayed in the hall for some years. It was stolen in 1858 and recovered, but it had lost its tail. A woman stole it after that, and it was recovered again, this time missing its head. The mutilated trunk was sold as lumber in 1865. It was made of copper and thickly gilt, which seems to have tempted the thieves.

Kearney family settled at Liscarroll after Desmond oppression

Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1603–1625

The Kearney family had been settled near Liscarroll since the beginning of James I's reign, having been forced from County Limerick by the oppression of the Earl of Desmond during Queen Elizabeth's time.

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red, shaking morass, much frequented in winter by wild fowl, but impassable for man or beast On the west of the house there were lately made a fine basin and decoy, wild duck being very numerous in this part of the country. The sea-shore south of the house is a fine strand, and is in the summer season a very agreeable ride ; it is called Garretstown Strand, which, with the adjacent lands, were so named from the family of the Cores, many of whom were successively named Garret, who were, before the rebellion of 164 1, proprietors of this place. When I was at Liscaroll, in the barony of Orrery, where the celebrated battle was fought, ann. 1642, the country-people showed me a Danish fort, called Lis-Garret, which was defended by eighteen of these Cores, who were slain and buried there. The present family of the Kearneys have been settled here since the beginning of the reign of King James I. being forced from the county of Limerick by the oppression of the Earl of Desmond in Queen Elizabeth's time. Kinalmeaky. Kinalmeaky <'8> was formerly a part of Carbery, and
being fortified by O'Mahony, in the Earl of Desmond's rebellion, it was, by Queen Elizabeth, granted to Greenville and Beecher, English undertakers, by whom it was first planted with English, and then got the name of a barony. It afterwards gave title to the noble Lewis Boyle, Lord Viscount Kinalmeaky and Baron of Bandon Bridge, who was unfortunately slain at the fight of LiscarroU. It was formerly a mere fastness, being all wood and bog, so that ann. 1602 the army could not pass it, being obliged to go round by Kinsale in their march from Cork, to the siege of Dunboy, in Bearhaven, but it is now as well improved as any part of the county.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 121

As the companion tells it

Liscarroll, in the barony of Orrery, is a town the road passes through. The Kearney family have been settled here since the beginning of the reign of King James the First, which began in 1603. They were forced from the county of Limerick by the oppression of the Earl of Desmond in Queen Elizabeth's time, and came to Liscarroll to make a new home. The Earl of Desmond's rebellion and its oppression had uprooted them from where they had lived, and under James they found their place here. When the author of the record visited Liscarroll, the country people showed him a Danish fort called Lis-Garret. It had been defended by eighteen of the Cores, a family many of whom were successively named Garret. The Cores had been proprietors of the nearby lands before the rebellion. Those eighteen were slain and buried at the fort. A celebrated battle was fought at Liscarroll in the year 1642, and Lewis Boyle, Lord Viscount Kinalmeaky and Baron of Bandon Bridge, was slain at that fight. He had held the title of Kinalmeaky, a place that was formerly part of Carbery. It had been fortified by O'Mahony in the Earl of Desmond's rebellion, and Queen Elizabeth granted it to Greenville and Beecher, English undertakers, who first planted it with English settlers. But the Kearneys, driven from Limerick by that same Desmond oppression, put down roots at Liscarroll and remained.

Linen manufacture flourishing at Inishannon

Innishannon · town · Cork

Inishannon was noted as a place where the linen manufacture was in a very thriving way, part of a recent growth of the industry in County Cork.

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It is a general saying that there is more good land and Quality. more bad in this county than in any other in Ireland. Of the latter there are very great tracts, not only hilly, but, in some places, mountainous and barren, which, nevertheless, are abundantly supplied with provisions by the neighbourhood of the sea and the industry of the inhabitants ; for this country abounds in fish and flesh ; fowl, wild and tame ; corn and cattle ; butter, wool, hides, tallow, frieze, leather, woollen and linen yam ; and, of late, the linen manufacture begins to flourish in some places, particularly at Dunmanway, Inishonane, etc., where it is in a very thriving way. It has been also planted at Anagh, Timolqague, and other places, where, for want. of proper management, it again lost footing.
Thus this county is plentifully stored with all kinds of game for hawking, fishing, and fowling, nor is it defective in honey or fruit, great quantities of excellent cider being made in it of late years. The firing is generally turf, cut in bogs, five or six feet deep ; but the seaport towns, for the most part, use coal from England, although considerable quantities of this substance have been discovered in many parts of the country.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Innishannon, a town in County Cork where linen manufacture had come into a very thriving way. A general saying held that there was more good land and more bad land in this county than in any other in Ireland. Great tracts were hilly, even mountainous and barren, yet they were abundantly supplied with provisions, thanks to the neighbourhood of the sea and the industry of the inhabitants. The country abounded in fish and flesh, fowl both wild and tame, corn and cattle, butter, wool, hides, tallow, frieze, leather, woollen and linen yarn. Of late, the linen manufacture had begun to flourish in some places, particularly at Dunmanway and Innishannon, where it was in a very thriving way. It had also been planted at Anagh, Timoleague, and other places, but there, for want of proper management, it again lost footing. The county was plentifully stored with all kinds of game for hawking, fishing, and fowling, nor was it defective in honey or fruit, great quantities of excellent cider being made in it of late years. The firing was generally turf, cut in bogs five or six feet deep, though the seaport towns mostly used coal from England.

Lord Kinsale's intended new seat on Bandon river

near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

Two miles from the Old Head stood the seat of the Lord Kinsale, who intended to build a more commodious house on the banks of the Bandon river, where there was a most delightful situation.

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already mentioned, p. 26, and was an old seat of the Irish kings. The isthmus, by the working of the^ sea, is quite penetrated through, so that there is a stupendous arch, under which a small boat may pass from one bay to the other. Among the rocks of this coast there are eyries of good hawks ; also the sea-eagle or osprey build their nests and breed in them. Two miles from the Old Head is the seat of the Lord Kinsale, but his lordship intends shortly to build a more commodious house on the banks of the Bandon river, where there is a most delightful situation. Rinjzroan Ringroan ^'7) is an ancient castle and small village ; it
gives also title of baron to the Right Hon. the Lord Kinsale. This manor had anciently thirty knights' fees, and was of a much greater extent than at present. In the Lambeth library, X.X. fol. iv., there is an ancient inquisition, which is an account of the division and particulars of Courceys land in this county. Garretstown Garretstown in this barony is the seat of Francis Kearny,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 120

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, two miles from the Old Head itself, stood the seat of the Lord Kinsale. This headland was an old seat of the Irish kings. The sea has worked through the isthmus, so there is now a stupendous arch, and a small boat may pass under it from one bay to the other. Among the rocks of this coast there are eyries of good hawks, and the sea-eagle or osprey build their nests and breed in them. Lord Kinsale intends to build a more commodious house on the banks of the Bandon river, where there is a most delightful situation. Ringroan, an ancient castle and small village, gives also the title of baron to the Lord Kinsale. This manor had anciently thirty knights' fees, and was of a much greater extent than at present. In the Lambeth library there is an ancient inquisition, an account of the division and particulars of Courceys land in this county.

Queen Elizabeth demises Tracton Abbey to Henry Guilford

near Tracton · parish · Cork · 1569

On 30 June 1569, Queen Elizabeth demised the site and precincts of the late Abbey of Tracton to Henry Guilford for 60 years, including gardens, demesne lands, and rectories of Tracton and several surrounding parishes with all chapels and tithes.

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" The Queen, 30 June, 1569, demised to Henry Guylford, geiit., for 60 years {inter " alicL), the site and precincts of the late Abbey of Tracton, als, albo Tractu. Three "gardens cont. 2 ac The demesne cont. loo ac. of arr. land & 60 pasture — 160 ac. ** In the towns or hamblets of Tracton, Derva, and others, 720 ac. In Ballenemanaughe *' 200 ac & 100 past — 300 ac. In Ballespellan, 400 ac. The rectories or parsonages " of Tracton, Ballienhill, Ballifeard, Clonard, Ballywodan, Kilmory, and Ballyesewane, ** with all the chapels, tythes, &c."
Page 201. Dundaneere. In the tower of Brinny church are three small bells said to have been taken from a French frigate, which was brought as a prize into the harbour of Kinsale during the middle of the

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 134

As the companion tells it

Tracton parish holds the site of a late abbey. On 30 June 1569, Queen Elizabeth demised the site and precincts of the late Abbey of Tracton to Henry Guilford, gentleman, for 60 years. The grant included three gardens totalling 2 acres, and a demesne of 100 acres of arable land and 60 of pasture. In the towns and hamlets of Tracton, Derva, and others, it took in 720 acres. In Ballenemanaughe, 200 acres and 100 of pasture. In Ballespellan, 400 acres. With the land came the rectories or parsonages of Tracton, Ballienhill, Ballifeard, Clonard, Ballywodan, Kilmory, and Ballyesewane, with all chapels and tithes. What the queen gave Guilford was this landed wealth, spread through the parish and beyond.

St Senan's church and monastery at Inniscarra circa 532

Inishcarra · parish · Cork · 532

St. Senan's religious establishment flourished at Inniscarra around 532 AD, where he erected a church. He received fifty religious persons who arrived in Cork harbor from the continent, retaining ten at his own institution and distributing the rest to other foundations.

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St. Barre, the founder of our cathedral, flourished in Cork between the years 600 and 630, at least he exercised the episcopal office during that period. His father was born in the county Galway, in the district of Hy-Briuin ralha. Leaving this place he settled in the county Cork, in Barry's country, and subsequently removed to the vicinity of Bandoo, where St. Barre was bora. At his baptism he was called Fin Barre (or White), Lochan having been only his surname. (Hanmer says he was a child when Brendan of Clonfeit was old, circa 570). He received his education in Leinster, under the direction of one MacCorp, who is recorded to have heard at Rome the instructions of Gregory the Great. Archbishop U^her considers St, Barre to have died circa 63a Dr. Lanigan states, " that although there is no reason for denying MacCoip to have been master of Barre, yet we are not bound to believe that he had been a disciple or hearer of Pope Gregory, whose name has, owing to its celebrity, been more than once introduced into the lives of some of our saints without foundation." — Ecclts. Hist., vol. ii., p. 314. This MacCorp is supposed to have been one of the fifty religious persons who arrived in Cork harboar from the comment, with a view to lead a life of religious discipline, and to study the Holy Scriptures when St. Senan's establishment flourished at Inniscarra, where be also erected a church. Senan was at Inniscarra circa A.D. 532. These persons Senan received with courtesy and hospitality ; he retained ten at his own institution at Inniscarra, and caused tbe others to be supported at different religious foundations.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 246

As the companion tells it

In the parish of Inishcarra, around the year 532, Saint Senan had a religious establishment, and there he erected a church. The story that comes down is of fifty religious persons who arrived in Cork harbour from the continent. They came with a view to lead a life of religious discipline and to study the Holy Scriptures. Senan received them with courtesy and hospitality. He retained ten at his own institution at Inniscarra, and caused the others to be supported at different religious foundations. The record connects one of those fifty to a later figure of note. A man called MacCorp, who is supposed to have been among them, later taught Saint Barre in Leinster. Saint Barre, whose baptismal name was Fin Barre, meaning White, would go on to found the cathedral in Cork, flourishing there between the years 600 and 630. The book notes that MacCorp was recorded to have heard at Rome the instructions of Gregory the Great, though Dr. Lanigan cautions that Gregory's name, owing to its celebrity, was more than once introduced into the lives of saints without foundation. Still, the link stands in the record: the fifty who crossed to Cork from the continent, received by Senan at Inniscarra, and among them a teacher whose pupil would shape the church in Cork itself.

1588 inquisition at Shandon Castle on Desmond's rebellion

near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1588

An inquisition held at Shandon Castle in Cork on 9 September 1588 identified numerous persons involved in the Earl of Desmond's rebellion, most of whom were attainted by Act of Parliament. The jury also catalogued abbeys annexed to the Crown, lands held by knight's service, and a list of all Irish poets, chroniclers, and rhymers in the county.

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(55) The following persons were, by an inquisition held at Shandon Castle, in Cork, September 9, 1588, found to be concerned in the Earl of Desmond's rebellion, and were, most of them, attainted by Act of Parliament : —
Patrick Condon, of Cloghleigh, Esq.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

On 9 September 1588, an inquisition at Shandon Castle in Cork named those involved in the Earl of Desmond's rebellion. Most were attainted by Act of Parliament. Patrick Condon of Cloghleigh was among them. The jury also listed abbeys taken by the Crown, lands held by knight's service, and every Irish poet, chronicler, and rhymer in the county.

Beacons on Great Island and the Dorseys

near Great Island · townland · Cork

As part of the coastal defence network, Daniel O'Sullivan promised to erect beacons on the Dorseys and four on the Great Island, with O'Sullivan More warned by the beacon on the Dorseys promontory.

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'* I have ordered beacons to be set up on the following headlands and eminences : — " One at Dundeedy and at Dunworley to alarm the inhabitants at Ibawne, who, upon " the firing of the beacons, are to assemble under arms at Cloghnakilty ; so that if "either Ross or Timoleague are attempted, they may readily relieve them. Castle- '' haven has not many inhabitants, and the harbour was secured by Mr. Salmon, who " raised a fort and mounted ordnance on it. I have ordered beacons to be erected on " the promontory over Baltimore, on the island of Cape Clear, at Mizen Head, and " one at Sheep's-head Point. Mr. Daniel O'Sullivan has a house of reasonable strength " at Berehaven, and takes upon him to defend it and Ballygobbin ; he promises to erect " five beacons — one upon the Dorseys, and four upon the Great Island. I have directed ** O'Sullivan More (who lives in the river of Kenmare) to take warning from the beacon " erected on the promontory over the Dorseys ; and by one of his own to assemble his " tenants and servants at his strong and defensible castle. But I think this caution '' needless, as the inhabitants on both sides that river are but few, till as far up as " Glanerought, where the pirates dare not venture. At Dingle there are great numbers " of honest and well-affected people, and a company may be placed there to secure " them. Tralee is in the same situation as Glanerought, but freer from danger, by the " residence of Sir Edward Denny and Sir Thomas Heuris, who are well provided with " will, judgment, and arms to defend themselves. The fort of Castlepark, near Kinsale, " is in a ruinous condition, and the ordnance dismounted, and 1 humbly pray the same " may be repaired, as the inhabitants are more in dread of the invasion than those of *' any other place in this country, &c."
Captain South, in the PAil. Transact, informs us that in the year 1698 there were in Baltimore and about it 9 seamen, 188 fishermen, 84 boatmen — in all 281, whereof only two were Papists.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 143

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Daniel O'Sullivan promised to erect five beacons as part of a coastal defence network — one on the Dorseys and four on the Great Island. The beacons were ordered for headlands and eminences along the coast. At Dundeedy and Dunworley, beacons would alarm the inhabitants at Ibawne, who upon the firing of the beacons were to assemble under arms at Cloghnakilty, so that if either Ross or Timoleague were attempted, they might readily relieve them. Beacons were also ordered on the promontory over Baltimore, on the island of Cape Clear, at Mizen Head, and one at Sheep's Head Point. Daniel O'Sullivan had a house of reasonable strength at Berehaven, and took upon him to defend it and Ballygobbin. O'Sullivan More, who lived in the river of Kenmare, was directed to take warning from the beacon erected on the promontory over the Dorseys, and by one of his own to assemble his tenants and servants at his strong and defensible castle. The writer thought this caution needless, as the inhabitants on both sides of that river were but few, till as far up as Glanerought, where the pirates dare not venture. The fort of Castlepark near Kinsale was in a ruinous condition, and the ordnance dismounted. In 1698 there were in Baltimore and about it 9 seamen, 188 fishermen, 84 boatmen — 281 in all, whereof only two were Papists.

Bishop St. Lawrence buried in bishops' vault, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1831

The Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, dean of Cork who became bishop in 1807, died at the palace in Cork on 10 February 1831. He was buried in the bishops' vault under the church in Cork.

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subsequently translated to Leighlin and Ferns, and afterwards became, in 1809, archbishop of Dublin. Dr. William Foster (son of Lord Chief Baron) succeeded in 1790. He was translated to Kilmore, and in 1796 to Clogher, where he died. Dr. William Bennett, his successor, was translated to Qoyne in June, 1794. The Hon. Thomas Stopford succeeded, and appears to have been a man of learning ; he left by will a valuable collection of books to St. Fin Barrels library. Dying at Dublin, he was buried at St. Andrew's on the 21st January, 1805. Lord John George Beresford, afterwards lord primate, succeeded in 1805. He was succeeded by the Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, dean of Cork, in 1807 ; he died at the palace, Cork, on the loth of February, 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. Dr. Samuel Kyle, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, succeeded by letters- patent, dated iith March, 1 831. In oriental and classical learning Dr. Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age. On the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835, Dr. Kyle became bishop of Cork, Qoyne, and Koss. He died on the 1 8th of May, 1848, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet has been erected to his memory, and a marble bust set up in the library. Dr. James Wilson, precentor of St. Patrick's Cath^ral, succeeded ; he was a man of a kind disposition, and beloved by all who knew him ; he died at the Palace, Cork, 5th January, 1857, and was buried under his own cathedra], his coffin being placed by the side of that of Bishop St. Lawrence. Dr. Wilson was succeeded by the learned Dr. William Fitzgerald, archdeacon of Kildare. This eminent divine successively filled the offices of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin. He was the chief contributor to an important series of papers, Cautions fortfu Times, Amongst many other valuable publications with which he has adorned the literature of his country, we may specially mention his edition of Bishop Butler's Analogy, with Notes and a Life of the Author y and A Translation of Dr» fVhitaket's Disputation on Holy Scripture, with Notes, published by the Parker Society. It was during the occupation and under the patronage of this prelate that the chapter first considered the best steps to be taken for the rebuilding of St. Fin Barre's Cathedral. He was translated to Killaloe by letters-patent, 3rd February, 1 8(32.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 252

As the companion tells it

Cork has long been a city of bishops, and one of them lies in a vault beneath a church here. The Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence was dean of Cork before he became bishop in 1807. He died at the palace in Cork on the 10th of February 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. The passage records the line of men who held that see. Dr. William Foster came in 1790, then was translated to Kilmore, and in 1796 to Clogher, where he died. Dr. William Bennett followed, translated to Cloyne in June 1794. The Hon. Thomas Stopford succeeded him, a man of learning who left by will a valuable collection of books to St. Fin Barre's library. Stopford died in Dublin and was buried at St. Andrew's on the 21st of January 1805. Lord John George Beresford, afterwards lord primate, succeeded in 1805. Then came St. Lawrence himself. After his death in 1831, Dr. Samuel Kyle, provost of Trinity College Dublin, succeeded by letters patent dated the 11th of March 1831. Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age in oriental and classical learning. On the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835, Kyle became bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross. He died on the 18th of May 1848 and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet was erected to his memory and a marble bust set up in the library. Dr. James Wilson followed, a man of a kind disposition, beloved by all who knew him. He died at the palace in Cork on the 5th of January 1857, and was buried under his own cathedral, his coffin placed by the side of that of Bishop St. Lawrence. So the two bishops rest near each other, beneath the same cathedral in this city.

Cape Clear fresh-water lough with saponaceous quality

Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork

On the west end of Cape Clear island there is a fresh-water lough whose water has a remarkable soapy, cleansing quality, dissolving soap readily and supposedly sweetening casks that previously held train oil. Dr. Rutty in Dublin examined the water and found a small quantity of natron, to which he attributed its saponaceous property. The island's inhabitants also used the soft lake water to purge and whiten their linen yarn.

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Towards the west end of the island is a fresh-water lough, abounding with a black kind of worm, about two inches long, shaped like a leech, soft, and easily breaking to the touch. The water of this lake is of a most saponaceous abstersive quality. It very readily dissolves soap, and the inhabitants affirm that if a cask in which train oil had been kept was to be laid for a few days in this lough, it would be taken out sweet and clean. A quantity of this water was twice transmitted to Dublin, where it was examined by Dr. Rutty, who affirms he obtained a snriall quantity of natron from it, to which he imputes the above saponaceous quality. The inhabitants here are generally a very simple honest people, thieving being a vice Iktle known among them. If a person be found guilty of a crime he is directly banished to the continent, which is the greatest punishment they can inflict on the criminal, who endeavours all he can to remain on the island. They have no liquor for their ordinary drink except water or milk ; yet very fgw houses are without a bottle of rum or brandy, which they will generously offer to a stranger. The houses are built of stone, mostly thatched with potato stalks, and these artfully kept down by nets, which cover the whole roof. These nets are made of ropes of straw, the meshes not quite a foot square ; to the ends of these, stones are tied, which, hanging down round the eaves, form no disagreeable sight. There are several villages and hamlets upon the island.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 146

As the companion tells it

On Cape Clear, towards the west end of the island, there is a fresh-water lough. It abounds with a black kind of worm, about two inches long, shaped like a leech, soft, and easily breaking to the touch. The water of this lake is of a most saponaceous, abstersive quality. It very readily dissolves soap. The inhabitants affirm that if a cask in which train oil had been kept was to be laid for a few days in this lough, it would be taken out sweet and clean. A quantity of this water was twice transmitted to Dublin, where it was examined by Dr. Rutty. He affirms he obtained a small quantity of natron from it, to which he imputes the saponaceous quality. The inhabitants here are generally a very simple, honest people, thieving being a vice little known among them. If a person be found guilty of a crime he is directly banished to the continent, which is the greatest punishment they can inflict on the criminal, who endeavours all he can to remain on the island. They have no liquor for their ordinary drink except water or milk, yet very few houses are without a bottle of rum or brandy, which they will generously offer to a stranger. The houses are built of stone, mostly thatched with potato stalks, and these artfully kept down by nets which cover the whole roof. These nets are made of ropes of straw, the meshes not quite a foot square. To the ends of these, stones are tied, which, hanging down round the eaves, form no disagreeable sight. There are several villages and hamlets upon the island.

Doneraile Rangers meetings and activities in Doneraile

Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1780–1782

The Doneraile Rangers, a local volunteer corps led by Lord Doneraile, held regular meetings at Doneraile between 1780 and 1782. They appointed officers, enforced rules and fines for members, and planned a ball at the Barrack of Doneraile to thank Miss Sentleger for gifting colours.

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" At a meeting of the gentlemen of the Doneraile Rangers, held at their committee room in Doneraile pursuant to adjournment this first day of August, 1780, being quarter day. The Right Honbi« Lord Doneraile, colonel, in the chair.
" Resolved unanimously— That the Hon^c Hayes Sentleger be elected major to the troop of horse until the first day of August next, 1781 ; Nicholas G. Evans, Esqre., be appointed captain, and John Watkins and George Roberts, Esqre., lieutenants for said ensuing year.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 189

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, the Doneraile Rangers held a meeting on the first day of August 1780, quarter day, at their committee room in Doneraile. Lord Doneraile, their colonel, took the chair. The gentlemen resolved unanimously to elect Hayes Sentleger as major of the troop of horse until the first of August 1781. They appointed Nicholas G. Evans captain, and John Watkins and George Roberts lieutenants, for that same year.

Gougane Barra island monastery description

near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork · 1813

At Gougane Barra, a lone island of about half an acre contains a large square court with walls fourteen feet thick and eight rudely arched cells or cloisters, with a large cross erected in the centre. Croker made a sepia drawing dated 23 June 1813 and a plan engraved by R. Barry of Cork.

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" The island is about half an acre in extent. In the centre was erected a large " square court, with walls fourteen feet thick, in which are eight cells or cloisters rudely " arched over. In the centre of this court was erected a large cross on a square plat-
(6) The following lines are copied from the Visitors' Book, at Brophy*s Hotel, Inchigeela : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 110

As the companion tells it

The road passes through or near Gougane Barra, in Cork. A lone island of about half an acre holds a large square court, with walls fourteen feet thick, and eight cells or cloisters rudely arched over. A large cross stood on a square platform at the court's centre. Croker made a sepia drawing on 23 June 1813, and R. Barry of Cork engraved the plan.

Hamond's Marsh laid out into streets

Cork · city · Cork

The western marsh of Cork, called Hamond's Marsh after its principal drainer, was being daily built upon and laid out into streets.

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mixed with old and new buildings, and as the former decay new ones rise in the modern taste. Most of these houses have balcony windows in the Spanish fashion, and are built of brick. The marshes which retain the names of the principal persons who drained and filled them up are mostly built upon ; that to the east called ** Dunscombe's Marsh," has several good streets and houses on it, particularly those facing the several canals. The western marsh is also daily building upon, it is called " Hamond's Marsh," and is laid out into streets. On the quays are several good private houses as well as warehouses. That called " The Abbey Quay" is well built, and planted with trees. The suburbs to the north is above a measured mile in length, particularly the street called " Mallow Lane," which is much frequented by country-people both for buying and selling their commodities. Blarney Lane is also of a great length, and in the same suburb, in which are an infinite number of slaughter-houses that make it very disagreeable. The south suburb is equally as large, but has not so much trade as the north. In this part the poorer sort of the inhabitants dwell. Their doors are thronged with children, who, notwithstanding their hard fare, coarse diet, and labour of the parents, are more strong, lusty and healthy, than children more tenderly reared.
The quays of this city are very numerous, ^^^ yet ships

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city mixes old and new buildings, and as the old ones decay, new ones rise in the modern taste. Many of the houses have balcony windows in the Spanish fashion and are built of brick. The marshes here keep the names of the principal men who drained and filled them up, and most are now built upon. The eastern marsh is called Dunscombe's Marsh, and has several good streets and houses on it, particularly those facing the canals. The western marsh is called Hamond's Marsh, after the man who drained it, and it is being daily built upon and laid out into streets. On the quays are several good private houses as well as warehouses. The one called the Abbey Quay is well built and planted with trees. The northern suburb runs above a measured mile, particularly the street called Mallow Lane, much frequented by country people for buying and selling their commodities. Blarney Lane is also of great length, in the same suburb, with an infinite number of slaughter-houses that make it very disagreeable. The south suburb is equally as large but has not so much trade. Here the poorer sort of the inhabitants dwell, their doors thronged with children who, notwithstanding their hard fare and coarse diet and the labour of the parents, are more strong, lusty and healthy than children more tenderly reared.

Haulbowline Island naval and ordnance works

near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1816–1822

Naval and ordnance works were constructed on Haulbowline Island between 1816 and 1822, costing a total of £220,000. The naval works, chiefly executed by Thomas Deane, included six store-houses and a vast tank holding over a million gallons; ordnance works comprised store-houses, a gun-carriage yard, and a gun wharf.

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** On Haulbowline Island naval and ordnance works have been constructed between
" 1816 and 1822.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

Naval and ordnance works were built on Haulbowline Island in Cork between 1816 and 1822. The whole undertaking cost £220,000. Thomas Deane carried out the naval works, which included six store-houses and a vast tank holding over a million gallons. The ordnance works added store-houses, a gun-carriage yard, and a gun wharf.

Henry VII charter and port bounds of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1500

King Henry VII confirmed the city's grants, bounding the port from Rew Rone to Denowdram. Due to the city's poverty and ruin, he released all past rents and accepted 20 lbs of wax yearly instead, restoring Cork to royal favour.

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King Henry VII. confirmed all the former grants with the port of the city, from Rew Rone on the west to Denowdram on the east ; and, in regard to poverty of the city, and the ruin and spoil of the same, he grants a release for all rents due before the date of these letters-patent, and in lieu thereof accepts of 20 lbs. of wax, to be paid every Easter into his exchequer in Dublin during the king's pleasure. This charter also restores the city to the king's favour, it being disfranchished for aiding Perkin Warbeck
Teste Rege apud Westmonast. i©- die Augusti

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 221

As the companion tells it

Cork was a city in trouble in 1500. King Henry the Seventh confirmed all the former grants of the city, and fixed the port bounds from Rew Rone on the west to Denowdram on the east. Because Cork was poor, and ruined, and spoiled, he released every rent owed before the date of his letters patent. In their place he took 20 pounds of wax, to be paid each Easter into his exchequer in Dublin, for as long as it pleased him. The charter restored Cork to the king's favour. The city had been disfranchised for aiding Perkin Warbeck. The charter was dated at Westminster, the first day of August.

Kilmacow castle ownership and collapse

Kilmacow · townland · Cork · 1586–1604

Kilmacow castle, about a mile west of Tallow, belonged to James Fitz-Gerald of the Macollop house. It was demised in 1586, transferred through several owners to Sir Richard Boyle by 1604, and had very recently fallen down.

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of Macollop. This castle, with one plowland adjoining to it, being demised to Richard Joke, the ist of July, 1586, was by him assigned to Richard Chrishal, Jan. 30, 1593, and by him to Sir Richard Boyle, Jan. 7, 1604. Near it is the dwelling-house and offices of the Reverend Mr. Thomas Squire. This castle has very lately fallen down.^^*')
A mile west of Mogeely is Connough castle, which

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 67

As the companion tells it

Close to Kilmacow, a castle belonging to James Fitz-Gerald of the Macollop house passed through several hands. It was demised to Richard Joke on the 1st of July, 1586, then assigned by him to Richard Chrishal on the 30th of January, 1593, and by Chrishal to Sir Richard Boyle on the 7th of January, 1604. The castle has very lately fallen down.

Kinsale town holds passage and harbour with territory

Kinsale · town · Cork

The town of Kinsale held the passage and harbour of Kinsale together with an associated territory. This was recorded in a document listing the former Carew holdings across the county of Cork.

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" The Barry Og holdeth Kynalleen and the country about Kinsale, the Condomes " and Jordanes hold all the territories bordering upon the haven of Corke, with sundry ''customs in the haven. The town of Kinsale holdeth the passage and harbour of " Kinsale, with a territory to the same.
" Mac Arty Rioghe holdeth the country of Carbrye and some part " of Kyrrye Whyrye. " O'Mahon of Carbrye holdeth Kynalbeke. " O'Mahon a neare holdeth the country of Ivaghe. " The Dryscolls hold Colimore & Colybeg, &c. " O' Dunnes hold the Lymaghe. " The Dallies or Rymers do hold Rynne, Wyntrey, Barie.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 132

As the companion tells it

Kinsale is a town on this road, or near it. An old record lists who held what across Cork. The Barry Og held Kynalleen and the country about Kinsale. The town of Kinsale itself held the passage and harbour of Kinsale, with a territory to the same. Other families held neighbouring lands. The Condomes and Jordanes held all the territories bordering upon the haven of Corke, with sundry customs in the haven. Mac Arty Rioghe held Carbrye and part of Kyrrye Whyrye. O'Mahon of Carbrye held Kynalbeke. The Dryscolls held Colimore and Colybeg. These were former Carew holdings, set down in a list.

Lisgriffin castle and crystals

Lisgriffin · townland · Cork · 1603–1625

At Lisgriffin on the Earl of Egmont's estate, two miles west of Buttevant, several crystals of the Kerry stone kind have been found. The castle was built in the beginning of King James the First's reign by one Garret Barry.

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seat and neat house, with pretty improvements, of James Smyth, esquire, which commands an extensive prospect to the east. At a place called Kallabrahar, 1.^., " the church of the brotherhood," was a ruined monastery, but of what order is uncertain ; it stood between Churchtown and Liscaroll. A mile west of Buttevant is Dunbarry, a good house and plantation of Mr. Bunworth, on the Awbeg river. At Lisgriffin, on the Earl of Egmont's estate, two miles west of Buttevant, several crystals have been found of the Kerry stone kind ; this castle was built in the beginning of King James the First's reign by one Garret Barry.
296 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 166

As the companion tells it

Near here, on the Earl of Egmont's estate, two miles west of Buttevant, several crystals have been found of the Kerry stone kind. The castle was built in the beginning of King James the First's reign by one Garret Barry. That places its construction between 1603 and 1625. Garret Barry was the man responsible for raising it. The crystals turned up at Lisgriffin itself, matching the kind known as Kerry stone.

Queen Caroline's charter for Cork city, 1735

Cork · city · Cork · 1734–1735

Queen Caroline, acting as regent during George II's absence in Hanover, granted Cork a new charter dated January 3, 1735, making every former mayor a justice of the peace for the city and liberties. The charter arrived in Cork on January 11 and cost the city £267.

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Anno 1734, August 26, there was an order of council, that there be a petition to the king for a new charter, or letters-patent, to make every alderman of this city, after serving as mayor, a justice of peace for the city and liberties, and that a sum of /300 be allowed for procuring the same. And May 29th, 1735, ^^is charter was sent from London to their Excellencies the Lords Justices, who laid it before the Attorney-General. August loth, 1735, they recommended it to his Grace the Duke of Dorset, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to be laid before her Majesty Queen Caroline, who was regent during his Majesty's absence in Hanover. The queen, by letters to the lord justices, granted a charter, dated January 3, 1735, which arrived at Cork January 11, 1735, and cost the city ;£267.
December 13, 1697, the chamberlain was ordered to pay seven guineas to Mr. Walker on his producing the great chaner of King Charles I., which was lost and missing several years.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 223

As the companion tells it

The road passes through Cork. On August 26, 1734, an order of council called for a petition to the king for letters patent to make every alderman, after serving as mayor, a justice of the peace for the city and liberties. The sum allowed was £300. On May 29, 1735, the charter was sent from London to the Lords Justices, who laid it before the Attorney-General. On August 10, 1735, they recommended it to the Duke of Dorset, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to be laid before Queen Caroline. She was regent during the king's absence in Hanover. The queen granted the charter, dated January 3, 1735. It arrived on January 11, 1735, and cost the city £267. On December 13, 1697, the chamberlain was ordered to pay seven guineas to Mister Walker when he produced the great charter of King Charles I, lost and missing for several years.

Vodii or Udiae placed in barony of Imokilly

Imokilly · barony · Cork

The ancient people called Vodii or Udiae are placed by Ptolemy on the coast between the mouths of the Lee and Avenmore, south of the Coriondi. Smith identifies them with the barony of Imokilly, which in Irish signifies 'the woody territory,' matching the British root meaning of Vodii.

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The Vodii or Udiae were a people which Baxter ^9) will have to inhabit the inland parts of Munster. They took their name from their situation in a woody country ; the British words Vydheiu, Guydieu, denoting wood. Ptolemy, if the maps handed down to us be his, places those people on the coast, between the mouths of the Lee and Avenmore (which last I take to be the Daurona of that ancient geographer) S. of the Coriondi. So that the great Cambden's conjecture, for placing them in the county of Kilkenny, founded only in the likeness of the sound of the words Vodii, or Udiae, to Idou or Idouth, a territory in that county, comprehending the modern barony of Fassaghdining, cannot be admitted ; as the position of that barony is very remote from the S. coast of Munster : nor need we seek elsewhere for those Vodii, than in the very spot assigned them by Ptolemy, viz., the barony of Imokilly ; which, in the Irish tongue, signifies the woody territory ; the sdme as the word Vodii, a latin termination of the British Vydheiu, also means. The chief place in which tract is Youghal, in old writings called Ochella, derived from the words O-chill, or Y-chill, " the place of a wood." In all ages, whole countries, cities, and towns have been denominated from trees ; as Cyparissa in Greece, Cerasus in Pontus, Laurentum in Italy, Myrhinus in Attica ; as also ports, mountains, and eminent places ; as the Viminalis, ^Esculetum, &c., probably, from the spontaneous growth and abounding of such trees in the respective soils.
Ptolemy places, near the Notium of Munster (which is now called the

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near the barony of Imokilly in Cork, a place whose name in Irish means the woody territory. Ptolemy, if the maps handed down to us are his, places a people called the Vodii or Udiae on the coast, between the mouths of the Lee and the Avenmore, south of the Coriondi. The Avenmore is taken to be the Daurona of that ancient geographer. These people took their name from their situation in a woody country. The British words Vydheiu and Guydieu denote wood, and Vodii is a Latin termination of that British root. Baxter would have them inhabit the inland parts of Munster. The great Cambden conjectured they belonged to the county of Kilkenny, founded only on the likeness of the sound of the words Vodii or Udiae to Idou or Idouth, a territory there comprehending the modern barony of Fassaghdining. That cannot be admitted, as the position of that barony is very remote from the south coast of Munster. There is no need to seek elsewhere for the Vodii than in the very spot assigned them by Ptolemy, the barony of Imokilly. The chief place in this tract is Youghal, in old writings called Ochella, derived from O-chill or Y-chill, the place of a wood. In all ages, whole countries, cities, and towns have been denominated from trees, as Cyparissa in Greece, Cerasus in Pontus, Laurentum in Italy, and Myrhinus in Attica.

Yeomanry field provided at Carrigrohane

near Carrigrohane · townland · Cork · 1797

Barrett's Corps arranged to parade alternately at Iniscarra and Carrigrohane in 1797, with a field to be provided at Carrigrohane for their military exercises. The corps later patrolled from the Carrigrohane barracks during the 1798 rebellion.

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" Friday, January 20th, 1797. Lieutenant William Dunscombe, late of the 12th Dragoons, was chosen second lieutenant of Barrett's Corps on the 19th inst., and also Timy. Aher, sergt. ; they are, therefore, to be obeyed as such by the corps. Same day it was agreed upon to appear clean and out of uniform on Sunday next, at one o'clock, on the parade near Iniscarra bridge, with swords and belts, as many as are furnished, on a fine of half-a-guinea for non-attendance ; and sixpence for every half-hour, to be paid by each man too late. It is also agreed on that the corps shall parade month about alternately at Iniscarra and Carrigrohane. A field will be provided at Carrigrohane for the purpose in a few days. The uniform is to be — a row of vellum lace about the blue cape and the cuffs, and an epaulet with fringe is to be worn on each shoulder. Helmets are also agreed on."
*• Monday, Jany- 23rd, 1797. Barrett's Corps on their parade yesterday came to the resolutnon of imposing the fine of one guinea, to be paid by any member who shall bring his sword or arms to any fair, market, or place of publick meeting, except to a parade and meeting of the corps on duty, or shall lend his sword or arms to any person. They also have agreed to change from epaulets to have vellum lace about the wings and chain lace behind, same as Lord Dououghmore s, except that there is to be no lace anywhere else on the coats. Mahony, the tailor, will shew the pattern. The lace is to be had from Mr. Collier. Helmets and uniforms are expected this week, and the corps must provide to appear in uniform next Sunday. Patrick Cronin is appointed trumpeter.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 306

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Carrigrohane, a field was set aside in 1797 for Barrett's Corps to drill and parade. The corps had agreed on the 20th of January that year to parade month about, alternately at Iniscarra and Carrigrohane. A field would be provided at Carrigrohane for the purpose within a few days of that decision. The men were ordered to appear clean and out of uniform on the following Sunday, at one o'clock, on the parade near Iniscarra bridge, with swords and belts, as many as were furnished. The fine for non-attendance was half a guinea, and sixpence for every half-hour a man was late. Lieutenant William Dunscombe, late of the 12th Dragoons, had been chosen second lieutenant of Barrett's Corps on the 19th of January, and Timy Aher was chosen sergeant. The uniform was settled as a row of vellum lace about the blue cape and the cuffs, and an epaulet with fringe worn on each shoulder. Helmets were also agreed on. On their parade the next Sunday, the 22nd of January, Barrett's Corps came to a further resolution. Any member who brought his sword or arms to any fair, market, or place of public meeting, except to a parade and meeting of the corps on duty, would pay a fine of one guinea. The same fine applied to any man who lent his sword or arms to any person. They changed from epaulets to vellum lace about the wings and chain lace behind, the same as Lord Donoughmore's, except there was to be no lace anywhere else on the coats. Mahony the tailor would show the pattern, and the lace was to be had from Mr. Collier. Helmets and uniforms were expected that week. Patrick Cronin was appointed trumpeter.

Dunmanus Castle built by Mahony sept

Dunmanus · electoral division · Cork

Dunmanus Castle was erected on the east banks of Dunmanus Bay by the Mahony sept and fortified with walls and flankers. Nearby stood a good house of Mr. Donovan with adjacent fish palaces, on the estate of Sir Charles Moore.

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unmanus. ^i^nus Castle, erected on the east banks thereof by that sept, and was fortified with walls and flankers. Near it is a good house of Mr. Donovan, with adjacent fish palaces. It is the estate of Sir Charles
Moore, barL Towards the bottom of the bay is Dunbeacon,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Dunmanus, the bay gives its name to a castle the Mahony sept built on its east banks. They fortified it with walls and flankers. Near the castle stood a good house of Mr. Donovan, with fish palaces beside it, on the estate of Sir Charles Moore.

Alan Brodrick created Baron Brodrick of Midleton, 1715

Midleton · town · Cork · 1715–1717

Alan Brodrick, lord chancellor of Ireland, was created Baron Brodrick of Midleton in April 1715 and viscount of the same in August 1717, shortly after which he was constituted a lord justice of Ireland.

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On the gravestones arc the names of Lewis, Downing, Hill, Harold, Pritchard, Martin, &c. Alan Brodrick, esq., lord chancellor of Ireland, was created Baron Brodrick, of Middletown, Apr. 13th, ist of Geo. I., 171 5, and viscount of the same, August 3rd, 1717, in which year he was constituted one of the lords justices of Ireland, as he was several times after.
Not far from the water side there is the remains of an ancient building called the Spittle, supposed to have been a leper-house, of which kind there were many in this kingdom. Near this is the village of Ballinachora ; and adjacent the Rev. Dr. Berkeley has a good house, with gardens and plantations. In the garden is a high sepulchral mount, being one of the Danish tiintulL

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 64

As the companion tells it

The town of Midleton gives its name to a title that began with Alan Brodrick, lord chancellor of Ireland. On the gravestones here are the names of Lewis, Downing, Hill, Harold, Pritchard, and Martin. But the name that carried furthest was Brodrick's. He was created Baron Brodrick of Midleton on April 13, 1715, in the first year of George the First. Two years later, on August 3, 1717, he was made viscount of the same. In that same year he was constituted one of the lords justices of Ireland, as he was several times after. Not far from the water side there are the remains of an ancient building called the Spittle, supposed to have been a leper-house, of which kind there were many in this kingdom.

Ardragoal in Bantry Bay and the Gauls

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

A place called Ardragoal in Bantry Bay is probably named from a clan of the Gauls or Celtiberi who landed there. The author connects this name to Ardgoal or Ardgyle in Scotland, suggesting a colony of the same clan sailed from Ireland to the Western Isles.

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Another Irish sept, west of Carbery, are the O'Sullivans, who were distinguished into the names of O'SuUivan Bear, and O'Sullivan Ban try ^'^>. Bear, probably, retains its name from the Iberi, before mentioned. Bantry (in ancient times named Bentraighe) was reckoned a part of Carbery, and is said to have its name from Beant Mac Farriola, a person descended from the O'Donovans and Mahonys. A son of his, called Bair Briver, possessed that small rugged tract, called by the name of Minterbairr, being now the parish of Killegrohan. I find, in latter times, the O'Dalys had this territory, who were successively bards or poets to the O'Mahon and the Carew family. O'Glavin, who was also their termon or steward, possessed a part of it By these names, Daly and Glavin, I design the family, and not any particular branch of it In Bantry bay there is still a place called Ardragoal, probably named from a clan of the Gauls or Celtiberi, who landed here. Ardgoal or Ardgyle, in Scotland, is the same name. A colony of the clan of Gaul, or Celtiberi, sailed over from Ireland to the Western Isles, and gave the country of Argyle, in Scotland, their name. They called that country Gael Albenich, from Old Albania, and those of Ireland, Gael Erinich, both nations, to this day, retaining the same language, manners, and customs.
Kerricurihy and Kinalea are now one barony ; the former was anciently called Muskery Millane,and was possessed by the Mac Cartys, but granted, after' the conquest, to Richard de Cogan, as I shall shew hereafter. It is, in old manuscripts, called Long a Gowganig, i,e, " Cogan's ship," and comprehended not only the tract now called Kerricurihy, but also the barony of Imokilly, in which last the Carews, soon after the English conquest, likewise settled. In Queen Elizabeth's time it went by the name of Kerry- wherry. The other part, called Kinalea, was anciently named Insovenagh ; and, being also a territory of the Mac Cartys, was granted to Robert Fitz-Martin, by King John,<»7) anno 1208. But, in latter times, it was possessed by Barry Oge.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

In Bantry Bay, there is a place called Ardragoal. The name probably comes from a clan of the Gauls or Celtiberi who landed there. The author connects it to Ardgoal or Ardgyle in Scotland, the same name. A colony of that clan sailed from Ireland to the Western Isles, and gave the country of Argyle in Scotland their name. They called that country Gael Albenich, from Old Albania, and called those of Ireland Gael Erinich. Both nations, to this day, retained the same language, manners, and customs. The bay itself takes its name from Bantry, called Bentraighe in ancient times. Bantry was reckoned a part of Carbery. It is said to have its name from Beant Mac Farriola, a person descended from the O'Donovans and the Mahonys. A son of his, called Bair Briver, possessed a small rugged tract called Minterbairr, now the parish of Killegrohan. West of Carbery, another Irish sept were the O'Sullivans, distinguished as O'Sullivan Bear and O'Sullivan Bantry. Bear probably retains its name from the Iberi. In latter times, the O'Dalys held this territory, serving as bards or poets successively to the O'Mahon and the Carew family. O'Glavin, who was their termon or steward, possessed a part of it. By the names Daly and Glavin, the author means the whole family, not any particular branch of it.

Attack on Carnew repulsed, Wicklow

Carnew · town · Wicklow · 1798

On 30 June 1798, an attack on Carnew was repulsed by 50 yeomen.

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30th June. Attack on Carnew, county Wicklow, repulsed by 50 yeomen.
2nd July. A force of yeomanry consisting of the Wingfield and Shillelah Cavalry, Tinahely Infantry, under Captain Morton, with the Coolatin and Coolkenna Companies, attacked a large party of rebels, strongly posted on the hill of Ballyraheen, county Wicklow, who put the Royalists to flight. Captain Chamney of the Coolatin, and Captain Nickson of the Coolkenna companies, were killed. Captain Morton and Lieutenant Chamney, with 60 Yeoman Infantry, defended a house at the foot of the hill for fourteen hours. The besiegers retired.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

As the companion tells it

On 30 June 1798, an attack on the town of Carnew was repulsed by 50 yeomen. On 2 July, the Wingfield and Shillelah Cavalry, Tinahely Infantry under Captain Morton, with the Coolatin and Coolkenna Companies, attacked a large party of rebels posted on the hill of Ballyraheen, county Wicklow. The rebels put the Royalists to flight. Captain Chamney of the Coolatin and Captain Nickson of the Coolkenna companies were killed. Captain Morton and Lieutenant Chamney, with 60 yeoman infantry, defended a house at the foot of the hill for fourteen hours. The besiegers retired.

Ballyclogh church ruins and McDonald inscription

Ballyclogh · town · Cork · 1754

Near Charleville, in a small burial-ground, stand the ruins of a church named Ballyclogh. A Latin inscription there records the burial of Johanes McDonald, a poet skilled in Greek, Latin, and Irish, who died in 1754 aged 63.

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HARLEVILLE. Page 286. In a small burial-ground within a mile of Charleville, where are the ruins of a church named Ballyclogh, there is the following inscription : —
"IHS

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 182

As the companion tells it

In the town of Ballyclogh, near Charleville, a small burial-ground holds the ruins of a church. A Latin inscription there records the burial of Johanes McDonald, a poet skilled in Greek, Latin, and Irish, who died in 1754 at the age of 63.

Bandon called Droghid Mahon and nearby Castlemahon

Bandon · town · Cork

Bandon was historically known as Droghid Mahon, derived from the O'Mahony sept, and the castle near it was called Castlemahon, reflecting the family's dominance in the area.

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Moyle More, who married Sarah, daughter to Brien Boruma. king of Munster, by whom he had Mahown, the ancestor of all that sept For, in that king's reign, surnames were given to the Irish, and were commonly deduced from the name of their principal ancestor, with O or Mac annexed. It is from this Kean that the village of Iniskean, in Carbery. has its name : and from this sept, that Bandon is called sometimes Droghid Mahon. and the tastle near it, Castlemahon The head branch of the family resided in West Carbery,and were calledO Mahown fun e,^/wj Owinyerer, or " of the west," where they had many castles, the chief of which were at Ardintenant and Three Castle-head ^'s) This family had also anciently possessions in part of the modern barony of Muskery, viz. the parishes of Kilmurry, Moviddy, Caneboy, Aglish, &c., which bore the name of Ive-flan-lee, from Flan, one of the Mahonys nursed there, who conquered almost all this tract, as appears from those ancient Irish lines :
O Glaise crithe fuair flan Na ciocha thuaig adteorinn Mar ar shaig cuan achros Gan Chios uatha ach deaglais.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

Bandon was once called Droghid Mahon, a name that runs back to the O'Mahony sept. The story begins with Moyle More, who married Sarah, daughter to Brien Boruma, king of Munster. By her he had Mahown, the ancestor of all that sept. In that king's reign, surnames were given to the Irish, commonly deduced from the name of their principal ancestor, with O or Mac annexed. It is from this sept that the town is called Droghid Mahon, and the castle near it, Castlemahon. The head branch of the family resided in West Carbery, where they were called O Mahown of the west, and had many castles, the chief of which were at Ardintenant and Three Castle Head. This family also had possessions in part of the modern barony of Muskery, namely the parishes of Kilmurry, Moviddy, Caneboy, and Aglish, which bore the name of Ive-flan-lee, from Flan, one of the Mahonys nurtured there, who conquered almost all this tract. As the old lines have it: O Glaise crithe fuair flan, Na ciocha thuaig adteorinn, Mar ar shaig cuan achros, Gan Chios uatha ach deaglais.

Bantry meadow reclaimed from bog by Richard White

Bantry · town · Cork

Richard White of Bantry reclaimed a meadow from a bog that yielded nearly double the hay of comparable land. Where ditches exposed a white coarse clay beneath the turfy soil, grass grew luxuriously, suggesting a method for improving drained bogland.

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In returning from Bantry to Carbery the road is extremely rocky. Three miles east of Bantry there is a valley called Murdering Glen. In it are a vast quantity of large stones and rocks, thrown together in the same sportive confusion as if they were shot out of the mouth of a prodigious large volcano, and the adjacent hill on the top being hollow, with a rugged stony edge around it, looks not unlike the mouth of one. About the town of Bantry, on the adjacent hills, are some well-cultivated grounds ; and I have seen a meadow belonging to Richard White, esq,, which he reclaimed from a bog, that afforded nearly double as much hay as I ever saw mowed off the same quantity of land. Where the ditches were made to enclose this field there was a white coarse clay thrown up that lay at the bottom of the turfy soil, and where this clay was laid the grass grew very .luxurious, which seems to be no bad hint for the improvement of such drained lands. This clay adds a firmness and solidity to the bog, and yet would probably hurt any other kind of soil, as it is, in its own nature, cold and impoverishing.
Having described all the baronies south of the Blackwater, I proceed now to describe those on the north of that river.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 157

As the companion tells it

Around the town of Bantry, the adjacent hills hold some well-cultivated grounds. Richard White of Bantry reclaimed a meadow from a bog, and it afforded nearly double as much hay as the writer had ever seen mowed off the same quantity of land. Where the ditches were made to enclose this field, a white coarse clay was thrown up from the bottom of the turfy soil, and where this clay was laid, the grass grew very luxuriant. This seems to be a good hint for the improvement of such drained lands. The clay adds a firmness and solidity to the bog, and yet would probably hurt any other kind of soil, as it is, in its own nature, cold and impoverishing. Three miles east of Bantry there is a valley called Murdering Glen, filled with a vast quantity of large stones and rocks, thrown together in the same sportive confusion as if they were shot out of the mouth of a prodigious large volcano. The adjacent hill on the top being hollow, with a rugged stony edge around it, looks not unlike the mouth of one.

Barony of Kinsale and de Courcey

Kinsale · town · Cork

The town of Kinsale gives the title of baron to John de Courcey, who is descended from Milo de Courcey, son of John, Earl of Ulster.

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This town gives title of baron to the Right Hon. John de Courcey, who is lineally descended from Milo de Courcey, son to John,^"> Earl of
(lo) The officers of the revenue for this port and district are as follows : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 119

As the companion tells it

The town of Kinsale gives the title of baron to John de Courcey. He is lineally descended from Milo de Courcey, son of John, Earl of Ulster.

Barry family castles in Orrery until 1641

Orrery and Kilmore · barony · Cork

Following the English conquest, the territory of Orrery was possessed by the Barry family, giving it the name Orriria-Barria in old records. They maintained several castles in this tract until the general rebellion of 1641.

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Keating also says, (p. 264) that this country was bestowed, by Fiachadh Muileeathan, king of Munster, upon an eminent Druid, for delivering his army out of the power of his enemy. This fable is still believed and reported in this country ; and all their antiquaries add, it was given to this Druid for causing the sun to stand still, an hour or two, till the above-named monarch's forces gained the victory ; and so by synderosis, they will have it called Fermoy. But this country was also named Armoy, i,e, the " fresh field," and sometimes Urmagh, which has the same signification. This territory, after the conquest, was granted to Fleming, and, by the marriage of his daughter Amy, came to the Roches, or de Rupe, who were Lords Viscount Fermoy, and anciently Barons of Poole-castle, alias Castlelough ; and all this tract is yet called Roche's country .<3^ Another part of the ancient Fermoy, now Condons and Clangibbon,^7) was, after the conquest, granted to the Cantons, alias Condons, one of whom was called Baron of Ballyderawne, now a ruined castle, near the exit of the river Araglin. Orrery, after the English conquest, was possessed by the Barrys, from whom, in old records, it has been called Orriria-Barria. They had several castles in this tract, which they held till the general rebellion of 1641. The northern parts of it, near Limerick, were possessed mostly by the Fitz-Geralds, till the same time.
(35) Keating, p. 54S.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 20

As the companion tells it

The barony of Orrery and Kilmore takes its name from the Barry family, who held this territory after the English conquest. Old records call it Orriria-Barria, Barry's Orrery. They kept several castles across this tract of country, and they held them all until the general rebellion of 1641. That rebellion ended their long possession here. The same source that records the Barrys tells of the neighbouring lands too. The wider country was once called Fermoy, and the Roches, or de Rupe, became Lords Viscount Fermoy there through the marriage of Fleming's daughter Amy. Another part of ancient Fermoy went to the Condons, one of whom was Baron of Ballyderawne, now a ruined castle near where the river Araglin flows out. The northern parts of Orrery, near Limerick, were held mostly by the Fitz-Geralds, and they too lost their lands at the time of the 1641 rebellion. Keating gives an older story about this country, that a king of Munster named Fiachadh Muileeathan gave it to a druid for delivering his army from an enemy. The antiquaries say the druid made the sun stand still for an hour or two until the king's forces won the victory. They say that is how Fermoy got its name. The old word Armoy, or Urmagh, means the fresh field. But it is the Barrys who gave Orrery its lasting name, and their castles stood across this land until 1641.

Bishop Isaac Mann rebuilt See-house at Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1772–1788

Dr. Isaac Mann, born at Norwich and educated at Trinity College Dublin, rebuilt the See-house at Cork. He died at Bath in 1788 and was buried at Bishopstown.

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A report some time ago having got c^^rculation that the leaden coffins of Bishops Browne and Mann, who were interred in the same vault, had been stolen, with a view to vindicate our countrymen from such a charge, and with the kind permission and assistance of J. Lewis, Esq., I made an examination on January 12th, 1861. After three hours' -hard work the labourers employed came upon an immense flag that closed up the entrance to the vault. On removing this I descended, and found the coffins quite intact. Bishop Mann's was hermetically sealed. The lid of Bishop Browne's was merely fixed on like the cover of a box, on removing which, with a view to re-adjust it, as it had yielded in the centre, the body appeared nearly perfect from the waist up ; the features were so defined that it could be e^ily recognised from the portrait in the palace. In 1735 Dr. Robert Clayton, bishop of Killala, was translated to these Sees. He was bom in Dublin, and educated at Westminster School. He is described as a munificent, learned, and high-spirited man. He was the author of many works, some of European reputation, having been translated into foreign languages. He was again translated to Clogher, 1745. He was accused of holding Arian tenets, so that an ecclesiastical commission was formed to bring him to trial, but he died of fever before any examination took place, on 26th February, 1758. It was during the occupation of this prelate that the late cathedral was commenced. His portrait is in the palace. Dr. Clayton was succeeded by Dr. Jemmett Browne, who was translated from the See of Killaloe to that of Cork and Ross, by patent dated 27th August, 1745. ^^ '772 he was removed to Elphin, and in 1775 became Archbishop of Tuam. He chiefly resided, when at Cork, at his mansion at Riverstown, the ancient Ballinaroshine. He was buried 17th June, 17S2, in a vault under St. Fin Barre's Cathedral. Dr. Isaac Mann succeeded, by patent dated 7th March, 1772. He was born at Norwich, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin ; he rebuilt the See-house at Cork. Our fathers and grandfathers well remember A Familiar Exposition of the Church Catechism f of which he was the author. He died at Bath, 10th December, 1788, and was buried 31st December, at Bishopstown. His portrait is in the palace.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 251

As the companion tells it

Cork was the city where Dr. Isaac Mann rebuilt the See-house. He succeeded Dr. Jemmett Browne by patent dated 7th March 1772. Browne had been translated from the See of Killaloe to Cork and Ross in 1745, and chiefly resided at his mansion at Riverstown, the ancient Ballinaroshine, when in Cork. Browne was removed to Elphin in 1772 and became Archbishop of Tuam in 1775. Dr. Isaac Mann was born at Norwich and educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was the author of A Familiar Exposition of the Church Catechism, of which the book says "our fathers and grandfathers well remember." He died at Bath on 10th December 1788 and was buried at Bishopstown on 31st December. His portrait is in the palace. Years later, a report circulated that the leaden coffins of Bishops Browne and Mann, interred in the same vault, had been stolen. On 12th January 1861, with the permission and assistance of J. Lewis, Esq., an examination was made. After three hours of hard work, labourers came upon an immense flag closing the vault entrance. On removing it, the examiner descended and found the coffins quite intact. Bishop Mann's coffin was hermetically sealed. Bishop Browne's lid was fixed on like the cover of a box, and on removing it to readjust it, as it had yielded in the centre, the body appeared nearly perfect from the waist up. The features were so defined that it could easily be recognised from the portrait in the palace.

Bruhenny church and Egmont vault at Churchtown

near Churchtown · town · Cork · 1697

The old church site at Churchtown, called Bruhenny, contains a monument to Deborah Taylor who died in 1697. A new cross-shaped church was built under an Act of Parliament obtained by the Earl of Egmont in Queen Anne's reign, with a marble-paved chancel and a vault for the Egmont family.

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is a small monument to the memory of Deborah, the wife of William Taylor, esq., and daughter of Mr. Anselm Fowler, of Gloucestershire, in England. She died June 29th, 1697. In the 9th of Queen Anne an Act of Parliament was obtained by the late Earl of Egmont for removing the site of this church. The new church is a good building, in form of a cross. The chancel is paved with black and white marble, the produce of this country. In this chancel is a vault, where several of the house of
290 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 164

As the companion tells it

At Churchtown, the old church site of Bruhenny holds a small monument to Deborah Taylor, wife of William Taylor and daughter of Anselm Fowler of Gloucestershire. She died June 29, 1697. Under an Act of Parliament obtained by the late Earl of Egmont in the 9th year of Queen Anne, the church site was moved. The new church is a good building, in the form of a cross. Its chancel is paved with black and white marble, the produce of this country. In this chancel is a vault for the Egmont family.

Burial of Bishop Gerald de Barry in St. Fin Barre's Cathedral

Cork · city · Cork · 1393

Gerald de Barry, Bishop of Cork from a noble family, died in 1393 at 90 years of age. He was buried in his own Cathedral of St. Fin Barre in Cork.

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This prelate died in 1326, and was succeeded by John le Blonde, dean of Cork, whose consecration is uncertain, for he was succeeded next year by Walter le Rede, a canon of Cork, who obtained the See by Papal provision from John XXII. He resigned in 1330, being translated to the See of Cashel when John de Ballyconningham was advanced to this See. He was previously elected Bishop of Down by the Prior and Convent of the Cathedral of St. Patrick there, and was confirmed by the Royal assent, but the Pope annulled the appointment. He died 29th May, 1347, when John Roch, descended from a noble family, succeeded, by election of the Dean and Chapter. He died 4th July, 1358, when Gerald de Barry, also descended from a noble and ancient family, was raised to the See. He died January 4th, 1393, in the 90th year of his age, and was buried in his own Cathedral of St. Fin Barre. In I39is, Roger EUesmere, a friar, succeeded b^ Papal provision of Boniface IX. He died 1406, and was succeeded by Gerald, but no particulars are known concerning him ; next year, 1407, one Richard died. In 1414 Patrick Ragged succeeded. He assisted at the Council of Constance in 1415, and afterwards wrote a work on the acts of that Council. As Bishop of Cork he was much esteemed for his learning and endowments. A manuscript writer gives nim the character of a prelate who

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 249

As the companion tells it

Cork holds the burial place of a bishop who lived a remarkably long life for his time. Gerald de Barry was raised to the See of Cork after the death of John Roch on the 4th of July, 1358. He came, the record tells us, from a noble and ancient family. He served as Bishop of Cork for over thirty years. He died on the 4th of January, 1393, in the 90th year of his age, and was buried in his own Cathedral of St. Fin Barre. That cathedral was his church, the seat of his authority, and it became his resting place. After his death, Roger Ellesmere, a friar, succeeded him by Papal provision of Boniface IX in 1393. The succession of bishops in Cork moved forward as it had before, each man raised to the See after his predecessor's death, each one recorded in the old accounts of the city and county. Gerald de Barry's long life and long tenure stand out in that chain of names. Ninety years of age when he died, and buried in the cathedral that was his own. The record gives no further particulars of his life or his work, only his family, his office, the date and manner of his death, and the place where his body was laid.

Burton's groves and fairy dances

Castlewidenham · townland · Cork

Burton's groves near Annagh are described as a pleasure ground where pines and elms are arranged in artful order, with bowers, lawns, and crystal rills. The poet says sylvan gods disport there by day and fairies dance there by night.

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Which once encompass'd by a deep morass, Secur'd the flocks high bounding on her grass ; A mighty bulwark on the border stood, To guard the passage of the miry flood ; Impervious, but by one long trembling way Of yielding wattles spread on sinking clay, Which far removed from any solid shore, Defi'd the heavy cannon's distant roar ; The elevated bolts still fell too low, Nor hurt her ramparts with one feeble blow, Hence not far distant Burton's groves appear. Where pines and elms in artful order rear, Where wand'ring eyes with secret pleasure gaze, Where bow'rs, and lawns, and crystal rills amaze. Where sylvan gods disport the livelong day, And wanton fairies dance the night away.
Next Egmont comes in view, Trinacrian height, High-rising emblem of its owner's state ; Egmont, which gives to the illustrious race The highest honour, and the senate's place. Twas here, if old tradition's tale be true. When tyrant Denmark's lordly sons withdrew, Compell'd by Boroihme's arms to fly the land, They hid their ravish'd plunder in the sand ; Where long committed to the faithful earth. Ten centuries have yet denied them birth ; And yet uncertain lies the shining ore, Condemn'd, perhaps, to see the sun no more.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 167

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Castlewidenham, Burton's groves were once a pleasure ground. The poet who described them had just told of a place once encompassed by a deep morass, where flocks bounded high on the grass, and a mighty bulwark stood on the border to guard the passage of the miry flood. The way across was impervious but for one long trembling path of yielding wattles spread on sinking clay, far removed from any solid shore. The place defied the heavy cannon's distant roar. The elevated bolts still fell too low, nor hurt the ramparts with one feeble blow. From there, not far distant, the groves appeared. Pines and elms were reared in artful order. Wand'ring eyes gazed with secret pleasure. There were bowers and lawns and crystal rills that amazed. The sylvan gods disported themselves the livelong day, and wanton fairies danced the night away.

Canal, coal, and slate quarry at Inishannon bleach-yard

Innishannon · town · Cork

During the excavation of a canal to supply water to the bleach-yard at Inishannon, black slaty stones indicated the presence of coal. Additionally, excellent potter's clay was found on the canal bank, and a high-quality slate quarry was located near the town.

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* of this factory is a charter-school, which has been lately erected, by the encouragement of Mr. Adderly, who has bestowed two acres of land on it for ever, set forty acres more at half value for twentyone years, and promises to renew the lease when required without any consideration. He gave ;^200 towards the building, also liberty to raise stones and slates on his land, with turf for the use of the school ; and obtained an annual subscription of £y:> per annum towards its support ; by all which encouragements this school proceeds in a happy thriving way. The Bandon river not only affords the inhabitants excellent water for bleaching, but it gives them the advantage of carrying great quantities of turf down to Kinsale, which firing they have near Inishannon in great plenty. These boats return laden with sea-sand for manure, which is carried into the barony of Muskeiy and the adjacent country upon horses' backs; the country-people give about i6s, for 120 bags of this sand, which hold about a barrel each. They have lime here from the parish of Moviddy, in Muskery, which place supplies Handon and a great part of Carbery with it, for manure and building, at a very reasonable price. In digging a canal to draw water to the bleach-yard of Inishannon, there was some show of coal from the deep, black, tinged, slaty stones, there dug up. On the bank of this canal there is a good appearance of potters' clay, very easy to come at ; and near the town is an excellent slate quarry. To the west of this place Thomas Croker, esq., has a pretty seat.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 115

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Innishannon in Cork, the story is about what men found when they dug a canal to draw water to the bleach-yard. When they cut into the ground, they turned up deep, black, tinged, slaty stones that showed some promise of coal. On the bank of that same canal, there was a good appearance of potter's clay, described as very easy to come at. And near the town itself, an excellent slate quarry was found. Near this same factory stood a charter-school, lately erected with the encouragement of Mr. Adderly, who bestowed 2 acres of land on it for ever, set 40 acres more at half value for 21 years, and promised to renew the lease when required without any consideration. He gave £200 towards the building, granted liberty to raise stones and slates on his land along with turf for the use of the school, and obtained an annual subscription towards its support, so that the school proceeded in a thriving way. The Bandon river gave the inhabitants excellent water for bleaching, and another advantage besides: boats carried great quantities of turf down to Kinsale, returning laden with sea-sand for manure. The country-people paid about 16 shillings for 120 bags of it, each holding about a barrel, and the sand was carried on horses' backs into the barony of Muskerry and the adjacent country. They had lime here from the parish of Moviddy in Muskerry, which supplied Bandon and a great part of Carbery at a very reasonable price. To the west of this place, Thomas Croker had a pretty seat.

Cape Clear opposite Cape Ortugal in Spain

Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork

Smith notes the distance between Cape Ortugal in Spain and Cape Clear in Ireland is about 150 leagues, almost directly opposite each other, supporting the theory of early Spanish colonization of Ireland via coastal sailing.

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The same geographer calls those people, which inhabited the more western parts of this county, viz. about Bear-haven and Bantry, Uterini ; and, in some editions, Iberni. That these Iberni had their origin from the Iberi, or Spaniards, who, by the Irish writers, have been said to send early colonies into Ireland, is very probable ; not only from the affinity of the name, but also from those parts of Ireland lying nearer and more opposite to the Spanish coast than any other. The distance between Cape Ortugal in Spain and Cape Clear in Ireland being but 150 leagues, almost opposite to each other N. and S., and as far as to Ushant in France, which is two-thirds of the way, may be, in a manner, coasted, the usual method of sailing in those remote ages ; they not daring to venture far to sea, not having the use of the compass to steer by, but observing the sun by day and the stars by night to direct them. Yet, notwithstanding these difficulties, many of the ancients undertook long voyages, as the Phenicians and Carthaginians, which last nation had many colonies in Spain, who often sailed to Britain and other northern climes. Certain it is, that in Aristotle's time ° the Greeks had some notion of this island, which limited their knowledge of the western world. I make no doubt but the northern and eastern parts of Ireland were peopled from Britain, those parts lying opposite and contiguous to each other, the navigation being short and safe, even in open boats. Yet, if all the kingdom was originally inhabited this way, it would be hard to conceive how there should remain such a diversity of manners, customs, and dialects, between the northern and southern parts ; which diversity being common to all the other nations of Europe, can be owing to nothing else but to the different colonies they were first peopled with.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

You are passing through Cape Clear. An old geographer gave the name Uterini to the people who lived in the western parts of this county, around Bear-haven and Bantry, and in some editions called them Iberni. Smith thought those Iberni likely came from the Iberi, the Spaniards, whom Irish writers said sent early colonies into Ireland. The name itself suggests it, and these parts of Ireland lie nearer and more opposite to the Spanish coast than any other. The distance between Cape Ortugal in Spain and Cape Clear is but 150 leagues, almost opposite to each other, north and south. That is no farther than to Ushant in France, which is two-thirds of the way, and the whole route may be coasted, which was the usual method of sailing in those remote ages. They did not dare to venture far to sea. They had no compass to steer by, but observed the sun by day and the stars by night to direct them. Yet many of the ancients undertook long voyages. The Phoenicians and Carthaginians sailed far, and the Carthaginians had many colonies in Spain and often sailed to Britain and other northern climes. By Aristotle's time the Greeks had some notion of this island, which limited their knowledge of the western world. Smith makes no doubt that the northern and eastern parts of Ireland were peopled from Britain, those parts lying opposite and contiguous, the navigation short and safe even in open boats. Yet if the whole kingdom was inhabited that way, it would be hard to conceive how such a diversity of manners, customs, and dialects remained between the northern and southern parts. That diversity, common to all the other nations of Europe, could be owing to nothing else but the different colonies they were first peopled with.

Castlemartyr church built on Henry Boyle's land

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork · 1710–1711

The church of Castlemartyr was in repair and had been built on ground given by Henry Boyle, Esq. It was removed to this site by Act of Parliament (9 Anne, chap. 27), which united several parishes under the name of Castlemartyr.

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Preb. of Cahirultan. — The rect of Kilnamartery, otherwise Ballyoughter ; the vie. of the same, and the vie. of Mogeely, as united by Act of Parliament, 9 Anne, chap. 27, and called the parish of Castlemartyr. Ch. of Castlemartyr in repair, built upon ground given by Henry Boyle, Esq., being removed by the said Act. The rect of Litter ; the entire rect of Moyallow ; the entire rect of Killeagh. Those ch. in repair. Pat the bishop. Ballymartyr taxed in the K. B. ;^i 5s. Cahirultan, 6s. 8d. Glebe and spittle lands to Ballyoughter, 2a.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 37

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here stands a church, in repair and built on ground given by Henry Boyle. It was moved to this site by Act of Parliament, 9 Anne, chapter 27, which united the parishes of Kilnamartery, otherwise Ballyoughter, and Mogeely, and gave the whole the name of Castlemartyr. The same Act brought together the rectories of Litter, Moyallow, and Killeagh. All those churches were in repair. Ballymartyr was taxed at 5 shillings, Cahirultan at 6 shillings and 8 pence.

Chalice gifted to Cloyne chapel by Maurice Goston, 1607

Cloyne · town · Cork · 1607–1851

A chalice inscribed with the name of Maurice Goston, priest, was gifted to the altar of the Chapel of the Blessed Mary of Cloyne in 1607. It was discovered in 1851 by a jeweller in Patrick Street, Cork, who had bought it as old silver.

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" In 185 1, Mr. Egan, a jeweller in Patrick Street, Cork, showed me a chalice, which " he bought as old silver. It had the following inscription : — ' mavricivs gostvn.
"'SACERDOS. HANC. CALICEM. D. D. ALTARI CAPELL/E BEAT^E MARIiE. CLOIN 1607.'"

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 71

As the companion tells it

Cloyne had a chapel of the Blessed Mary. In 1607 a priest, Maurice Goston, gave a chalice to its altar, his name cut into the silver. In 1851 a Cork jeweller, Mr. Egan of Patrick Street, showed the chalice to a caller. He had bought it as old silver.

Charter-school at Castlemartyr erected 1748

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork · 1748

A charter-school was erected at Castlemartyr in 1748 on ground given by Henry Boyle, Speaker of the House of Commons, containing twenty boys and ten girls. The Incorporated Society received two acres in perpetuity and additional leased land for the school's support.

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" In the year of our Lord 1748, this charter-school was erected, at the charge of the " Incorporated Society, on ground given for that purpose by the Right Hon. Henry Boyle, " speaker of the House of Commons, and one of the lords justices of this kingdom."
Since the opening of this school, the children have proceeded in a very thriving way.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 57

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Castlemartyr, a charter-school was erected in 1748 at the charge of the Incorporated Society, on ground given by the Right Honourable Henry Boyle, Speaker of the House of Commons and one of the lords justices of this kingdom. It held twenty boys and ten girls. Since its opening, the children proceeded in a very thriving way.

City Courthouse of Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Located south of the Exchange in Cork, the City Courthouse hosts the city assizes. Upstairs is the Council Chamber where the mayor and corporation meet, adorned with full-length portraits of the king and the late Lord Chancellor Broderick.

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On the south of the Exchange is the City Courthouse, in which the judges hold the assizes for the city ; and above-stairs is a spacious room called " The Council Chamber," where the mayor and corporation assemble to transact the affairs of the city. It is adorned with the king's picture and that of the late Lord Chancellor Broderick, who was recorder of this city, both at fyll length. Round the top are drums for the regiments of militia, and halberts for the same.
The County Courthouse was built near the Castle of hous^^"'^" ^^^^^ before mentioned, anno 1680. The corporation gave £\QO towards the building. It is a plain, large, commodious structure, with adjacent grand and petty jury-rooms, and, being near the centre of the city, lies very convenient for the purpose.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 215

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Cork, there is a courthouse south of the Exchange where the judges hold the city assizes. Upstairs is a spacious room called the Council Chamber, where the mayor and corporation gather to handle the affairs of the city. It is adorned with full-length portraits of the king and of the late Lord Chancellor Broderick, who was recorder of this city. Round the top are drums for the militia regiments, and halberds for the same. A separate County Courthouse was built near the Castle in 1680, the corporation giving 100 pounds towards it: a plain, large, commodious structure with grand and petty jury rooms adjacent, near the centre of the city and convenient for the purpose.

Cloghroe castle and lands forfeited to the Crown

Cloghroe · townland · Cork · 1588

The 1588 inquisition found that the castle and thirty carucates of land at Cloghroe, along with the manor of Glyn alias Cullin, the Island of Inchydonny, and the ancient Corporation of Ballynemony, belonged to Queen Elizabeth following the Desmond rebellion forfeitures.

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In the same inquisition, the manor of Glyn, alias Cullin, the castle and 30 carucates of land of Cloghroe, the Island of Inchydonny, and the ancient Corporation of Ballynemony, were found to belong to the queen.
The same jury inquired into the death of James Barret, of Barret's country, and made a return thereof.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

Close to Cloghroe, in 1588, an inquisition found that the castle and thirty carucates of land here belonged to Queen Elizabeth, after the Desmond rebellion forfeitures. The same finding swept in the manor of Glyn, also called Cullin, the Island of Inchydonny, and the ancient Corporation of Ballynemony. That jury also inquired into the death of James Barret, of Barret's country.

Cloyne Round Tower construction

Cloyne · town · Cork

The round tower at Cloyne was built from stones mostly brought from the seashore and prepared with care, though a visible difference in stone type and placement appears about halfway up. The wall is forty-three inches thick, and the first story has projecting stones for floor joists.

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" Round Tower. — The stones of which the tower is composed have been mostly " brought from the seashore and were prepared with much care, though about halfway " up the building there is an evident difference in the stones themselves, as well as " in the mode of placing them. The steps to the door, like the cmbattlements, are " modem. The thickness of the wall is forty-three inches. The first story has " projecting stones for the joists of a Door to rest upon." — T. C. C.
(j) This house, enshrined with so many memories of great and learned prelates, was completely destroyed by fire, Christmas, 1887.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 72

As the companion tells it

Cloyne, in Cork, has a round tower built from stones mostly brought from the seashore. They were prepared with much care, though about halfway up the building there is an evident difference in the stones themselves and in the way they were placed. The wall is 43 inches thick. Inside the first story, projecting stones held the joists for a floor. The steps to the door and the embattlements are modern additions.

Corkbeg Castle Ruins and Condon Tomb

Corkbeg · townland · Cork

Near the peninsula seat of Robert Uniack Fitz-Gerald at Corkbeg are ruins of an old castle said to have belonged to one of the Condons, for whom an old tomb stands in the decayed church of Corkbeg. The area also yields excellent limestone esteemed the best in the barony.

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the seat of Robert Uniack Fitz-Gerald, esq., built in a peninsula, to which is a narrow isthmus from the mainland ; near it are the ruins of an old castle, said to have belonged to one of the Condons^ for whom there is an old tomb in the decayed church of Corkbeg. Here is a most excellent limestone, esteemed the best in the barony. On the E. side of the harbour are the remains of a large regular fortification, with platforms below for gun batteries, level with the water. This work was erected towards the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, but suffered to go to ruin. Near this is a lesser fortification, which, in the reign of the late King James, was made use of to annoy the larfding of the Earl of Marlborough ; this battery was soon taken by the seamen. The headlands, which form the entrance of this noble harbour, are little more than half an English mile asunder, so that vessels are no sooner in than they are landlocked on all sides in a large, deep, smooth and still basin. The shore, being very high on all sides, affords a noble shelter from almost every wind, but has this disadvantage, that there is scarce room to erect batteries to fortify the harbour. More to the S. on the seaside is Trabolgan, an old seat of the Roches, a branch of the Fermoy family. Poorhead. Poorhead is the most southern cape of this barony, from
whence one has a prospect of Kinsale head to the W., and a considerable tract of the sea-coast to the east. This cape is bold and lofty, and well answers to Shakespeare's description that —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 62

As the companion tells it

Close to Corkbeg are the ruins of an old castle, said to have belonged to one of the Condons. For this same Condon there is an old tomb in the decayed church here. The seat of Robert Uniack Fitz-Gerald stands on a peninsula joined to the mainland by a narrow isthmus, and the castle ruins lie near it. The ground here yields excellent limestone, esteemed the best in the barony. On the east side of the harbour are the remains of a large regular fortification, with platforms below for gun batteries, level with the water. This work was erected towards the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, but suffered to go to ruin. Near this is a lesser fortification, which in the reign of the late King James was used to annoy the landing of the Earl of Marlborough. This battery was soon taken by the seamen. The headlands forming the entrance of this noble harbour are little more than half an English mile apart, so vessels are no sooner in than they are landlocked on all sides in a large, deep, smooth and still basin. The shore, being very high on all sides, affords noble shelter from almost every wind, but has this disadvantage, that there is scarce room to erect batteries to fortify the harbour.

Cork County Court-house rebuilt

Cork · city · Cork · 1772

In 1772, John Roe became mayor of Cork on October 5th, later than usual because the County Court-house was being rebuilt. The judges walked with him to church on the day he received the rod, an honour no mayor of Cork had previously enjoyed.

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the rod when the two judges walked with him to church, as the assizes then began ; the cause of its being so late was owing to the County Court-house being rebuilt. The judges walking with him on the day of his receiving the rod was an honour no mayor of Cork ever had on that day.
1773. Sam*- Rowland, mayor. Kingsmill Berry and Fra*- Carleton, sheriffs.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 267

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the year 1772 saw John Roe become mayor on October the 5th, later than usual because the County Court-house was being rebuilt. On the day he received the rod, the two judges walked with him to church, as the assizes then began. The judges walking with him was an honour no mayor of Cork had ever had on that day.

County military review planned at Blarney

near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1782

The Doneraile Rangers resolved to hold a general meeting to prepare for a county military review to be held at Blarney. The meeting was to be advertised in Bagnell's Paper.

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•• Resolved unanimously — That a general meeting of this society be held at this house on Tuesday the fourth day of June next, in order to dine together, to pay in subscriptions, and to resolve to prepare for the county review which is to be held at Blarney, and that said meeting be forthwith advertised in BagnelVs Paper, Agreed to nem, con. " Hayes Sentleger, Chairman.
" Resolved unanimously — ^That in future our chaplain, doctor, and adjutant, shall not be at any manner of expense in attending this society, and that such expense shall be paid out of our stock purse. Agreed to nem. con,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 190

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, a county military review was planned in 1782. The Doneraile Rangers resolved unanimously to hold a general meeting on the fourth day of June, to dine together, pay in subscriptions, and prepare for the county review to be held at Blarney. They ordered that the meeting be advertised in Bagnell's Paper. Hayes St Leger chaired the meeting. The society agreed, without dissent, that their chaplain, doctor, and adjutant would no longer bear any expense in attending the society. Those costs would be paid from the stock purse.

The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.

The stories, best first

Survey of the Cork-Limerick road and meridian to Kinsale

Togher castle still standing, seat of Teige O'Downy

Two ancient churches in one churchyard at Buttevant

Ursuline Convent and Holy Cross relic at Blackrock

Western mountains as ancient Irish retreat

Yew Poisoning at Ballymacoda Garden

Yew tree growing from rocks near Dunmanway

Youghal's 1630 army maintenance taxation

Bantry abandoned as too remote and dangerous

Bishop Wilson buried under his cathedral, Cork

Leamcon: two ruined Mahony castles

Mill foundation remains at Youghal harbour entrance

Muskerry named from Carbry Muse's poem to king

Poor inhabitants of Cork's south suburb

Strand near Youghal stripped of sand, tree roots exposed

Ancient stone moved from Main Street to Mansion House to Police Court

Kearney family settled at Liscarroll after Desmond oppression

Linen manufacture flourishing at Inishannon

Lord Kinsale's intended new seat on Bandon river

Queen Elizabeth demises Tracton Abbey to Henry Guilford

St Senan's church and monastery at Inniscarra circa 532

1588 inquisition at Shandon Castle on Desmond's rebellion

Beacons on Great Island and the Dorseys

Bishop St. Lawrence buried in bishops' vault, Cork

Cape Clear fresh-water lough with saponaceous quality

Doneraile Rangers meetings and activities in Doneraile

Gougane Barra island monastery description

Hamond's Marsh laid out into streets

Haulbowline Island naval and ordnance works

Henry VII charter and port bounds of Cork

Kilmacow castle ownership and collapse

Kinsale town holds passage and harbour with territory

Lisgriffin castle and crystals

Queen Caroline's charter for Cork city, 1735

Vodii or Udiae placed in barony of Imokilly

Yeomanry field provided at Carrigrohane

Dunmanus Castle built by Mahony sept

Alan Brodrick created Baron Brodrick of Midleton, 1715

Ardragoal in Bantry Bay and the Gauls

Attack on Carnew repulsed, Wicklow

Ballyclogh church ruins and McDonald inscription

Bandon called Droghid Mahon and nearby Castlemahon

Bantry meadow reclaimed from bog by Richard White

Barony of Kinsale and de Courcey

Barry family castles in Orrery until 1641

Bishop Isaac Mann rebuilt See-house at Cork

Bruhenny church and Egmont vault at Churchtown

Burial of Bishop Gerald de Barry in St. Fin Barre's Cathedral

Burton's groves and fairy dances

Canal, coal, and slate quarry at Inishannon bleach-yard

Cape Clear opposite Cape Ortugal in Spain

Castlemartyr church built on Henry Boyle's land

Chalice gifted to Cloyne chapel by Maurice Goston, 1607

Charter-school at Castlemartyr erected 1748

City Courthouse of Cork

Cloghroe castle and lands forfeited to the Crown

Cloyne Round Tower construction

Corkbeg Castle Ruins and Condon Tomb

Cork County Court-house rebuilt

County military review planned at Blarney