The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Spanish galleys defeated at Kinsale haven

   Kinsale · town · Cork

   A force of French and Spanish galleys was forced to retire into Kinsale harbour, where they were assailed by English and Irish forces. About 400 were slain and several chief captains taken, including Gonzales de Vorza and Martin de Montrigo.

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   (is) This attempt of the Spaniards is related by Thomas Walsingham, and thus translated by Holinshead ;— " While the Earl of Buckingham was passing through the " realm of France, the French and Spanish galleys did much mischief upon the coast "of England; but about the latter end of June, by a fleet of Englishmen from the W. " countries, part of them were forced to retire and take harbour in a haven in Ireland, "called Kinsale, where, being assailed by the Englishmen and Irishmen, they were " vanquished, so that to the number of 400 were slain and their chief captains taken : — " As Gonzales de Vorza and his brother, Martin de Montrigo ; Turgo, Lord of Morrans ; " also, the Lord of Reath, Pieres Marten, of Varmen, and divers others ; five of their " ships were taken, and twenty-one English vessels were recovered, and but four of " their captains escaped."

   THE COUNTY AND ClTY OF CORlt. 2I3

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 120

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up along Kinsale, a harbour town in Cork. In the latter end of June, French and Spanish galleys that had been doing mischief on the coast of England were forced by a fleet of Englishmen from the western countries to take harbour here. The Earl of Buckingham was passing through France at the time. Being assailed by the English and Irish, the galleys were vanquished. About 400 were slain and their chief captains taken: Gonzales de Vorza and his brother, Martin de Montrigo, Turgo Lord of Morrans, the Lord of Reath, Pieres Marten of Varmen, and divers others. Five of their ships were taken, and twenty-one English vessels were recovered. But four of their captains escaped. The story is related by Thomas Walsingham and translated by Holinshead.

2. Bishop Boetius Egan buried at Aghinagh graveyard

   Aghinagh · parish · Cork · 1650

   After his martyrdom at Carrigadrohid, Bishop Boetius Egan was buried in the graveyard of Aghinagh, but no trace remains to identify the exact spot of his interment. His death followed his refusal to renounce the Faith and his counsel to the castle's defenders not to surrender.

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   courageous advice to those who held possession of the castle of Carrigadrohid " not to surrender," was given up to the fury of a troop of Ludlow's cavalry, his arms were severed from his body, he was then brought to a neighbouring tree and hanged from one of its branches by the reins of his own horse. He was buried in the graveyard of Aghinagh, but no trace remains to show the exact spot to which his mortal remains were consigned.

   After the death of this other Irish martyr to the Faith, Bishop Boetius Egan, the following are the names of those — as I find them in my papers — who were charged with the administration of the diocese of Ross : —

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 258

   As the companion tells it

   Aghinagh is a parish the road passes through, and its graveyard holds the burial of Bishop Boetius Egan. In 1650, the bishop had given courageous advice to those who held possession of the castle of Carrigadrohid, telling them, as the record says, "not to surrender." For that refusal he was given up to the fury of a troop of Ludlow's cavalry. His arms were severed from his body. He was then brought to a neighbouring tree and hanged from one of its branches by the reins of his own horse. He was buried in the graveyard of Aghinagh, but no trace remains to show the exact spot to which his mortal remains were consigned. He is remembered as an Irish martyr to the Faith.

3. Bishop's complaint over St. Barry's sanctuary

   Cork · city · Cork · 1603

   In 1603, the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross complained that the Mayor of Cork had intruded upon the sanctuary of St. Barry's, raising taxes on the inhabitants within the cathedral precinct. The Lord Lieutenant ordered the Mayor to cease charging the exempt cathedral close.

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   " To the Right Hon, the Lo. Lieut, of Ireland, " Humbly complayning — Showeth to you Lo. William Lo. Bishopp of Cork, Clone " & Ross on the behalf of himself the Deane & Chapter of Cork. That whereas your " suppliants and their predecessors Bishops, Deanes and Chaplens of Cork tyme beyond ** the memory of man have in right of the same Bishopruck of Corck an duminityes " thereof, according the ancient laws of this realme thereof, and other » . . high realms " and dominions, had and enjoyed the freedom and liberties of the cloase or sanctuary " of St. Barry's whereon the Cathedral Church of the dioces of Corcke is built, and " wheron are the Bishop's dwelling house, the manse of the dignitaries of the said " Cathedral Church, of the prebendaries, canons, vicars-choral, and other members of •' the Said Church Cathedral, until that the Maior of the citie of Corcke that now is and " his sone immediate predecessor Maior of Cork have entered into and intruded upon " the cloase and sanctuary of St. Barrie's aforesaid and the liberties thereof, and then " and there have raised taxes, losses, and impositions forcibly and by constraint of *' the dwellers and inhabitants, within the stite of the said Cathedral Church, and " without yr. suppliants privileges did ympose cesse of horse andyZ?^?/^ upon y- sup- " pliants tenants, and continueth his said extortion and wrongful charge to the " derogation of the liberties of the Church, and y. suppliants great damages, not *• without great danger also to his Majesties garrison. That it may therefore please "y* Lo'p- streightly to charge and command the Maior of Corck henceforth to cease "from all his injuries, vexations, and excesses whereby the said Chorall Church being " exempt from the jurisdiction and subjection of the Maior of Cork and enjoeying but " lack or loss, freedoms, and immunities, as other his Maty- Churches Cathedral do " may not be any more subject to such exaction, but remain as in their pristine state at " command of y- Lo'p- and the Governors of the Province, to be cessed and taxed 'answerably as tymes, occasions, liabilities of the clergye shall beare, not as " tributaries, stipendaries, or in subjection to the Maior of Corcke in that behalf. And " y- poore supplicants the clergee of Corcke shall pray, &c."

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 79

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1603, was the scene of a dispute over the sanctuary of St. Barry's. The Cathedral Church of the diocese of Cork stood there, on the close or sanctuary, along with the Bishop's dwelling house and the houses of the dignitaries, prebendaries, canons, vicars-choral, and other members of the cathedral church. William, Lord Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, on behalf of himself, the Dean and Chapter of Cork, set out the complaint. He wrote that the bishops, deans, and chaplains of Cork had enjoyed the freedoms and liberties of that close beyond the memory of man. Then the Mayor of the city of Cork and his son, the immediate predecessor as Mayor, entered and intruded upon the sanctuary and its liberties. They raised taxes, losses, and impositions forcibly and by constraint upon the dwellers and inhabitants within the precinct of the cathedral. They imposed cess of horse and foot upon the bishop's tenants, and the Mayor continued what the bishop called his extortion and wrongful charge. The bishop said this was to the derogation of the liberties of the Church and to his great damages, and not without great danger also to His Majesty's garrison. He petitioned the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to charge and command the Mayor of Cork to cease from all his injuries, vexations, and excesses. The cathedral church, the bishop argued, was exempt from the jurisdiction and subjection of the Mayor of Cork. It was to remain in its pristine state, taxed answerably as times and occasions and the liabilities of the clergy should bear, not as tributaries or stipendaries in subjection to the Mayor of Cork.

4. Burial conflict at St. Anne's Shandon

   near Shandon · locality · Cork

   A violent dispute erupted at St. Anne's Shandon graveyard between two parties over the body of a hanged citizen delivered from the infirmary for burial. Henry Gosnell died after being drenched trying to reconcile the factions.

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   " My grandfather, Henry Gosnell, died after the effects of a severe drenching he got " in the graveyard at St. Anne's Shandon, trying to reconcile the difference between two •' parties who came to recover the body of a citizen who was hanged in Cork gaol, and " whose body was sent for dissection to the infirmary, but through respect towards the * * relations was delivered to them for burial. The friends differed about the place of burial, " and brought two coffins. As soon as the coffin that contained the body emerged from " the infirmary, they fought like tigers for its possession. It was a fearful night of rain. •' A disease of the liver, aggravated by the wetting he got, shortly after caused his death."

   The first manuscript made by Dr. Caulfield is in Book L, which he copied in the State Paper Office, London. It gives a list of the towns and villages, 220 in number, which were " burned and spoyled " by the "arch-traitors Tyrone and James Fitz-Thomas Desmonde, with their wicked associates, in the Barrymores country, parcel of the inheritance of David L. Buttevant, from the 23rd of February, 1599, being the fyrst daie they entered into the said countrey, till the 27th of the said month."

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 9

   As the companion tells it

   As you come through Shandon in Cork, this is where the churchyard of St. Anne's became the scene of a violent dispute over a body. A citizen had been hanged in Cork gaol. His body was sent to the infirmary for dissection, but through respect towards his relations it was delivered to them for burial. The friends differed about the place of burial, and they brought two coffins. As soon as the coffin that contained the body emerged from the infirmary, they "fought like tigers" for its possession. It was a fearful night of rain. Henry Gosnell was in the graveyard trying to reconcile the difference between the two parties. He got a severe drenching that night. A disease of the liver, aggravated by the wetting he got, shortly after caused his death. It was his grandson who preserved the story, writing that Henry Gosnell died after the effects of that severe drenching he got in the graveyard.

5. Castlehaven besieges Youghal after Anagh massacre

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1645

   After taking Anagh and massacring its garrison, Lord Castlehaven marched and besieged Youghal, boasting he would put all to the sword.

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   "18 May. Anagh was taken, and no quarter given ; the Ld. Castleconnell " induced them to surrender upon promise of quarter ; but Castlehaven asked if his " men's swords were sharp, and, causing them to be stripped, made his men to run " them through ; after this he marched and besieged Youghal, boasting he would put all " to the sword.

   •• Mallow surrendered on quarter. Anagh stood very valiantly, and lost most of " their men. At last the Castle being much shaken, Lieut. Fisher, the Governor, and " two or three others, went out to the enemy, who just had promise of quarter, but •• were instantly cut to pieces. No castle in Ireland held out better, and the enemy " lost 300 of their best men before it.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 171

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Youghal in Cork was besieged in 1645 after a massacre. On the 18th of May, Anagh was taken, and no quarter given. Lord Castleconnell had induced the garrison to surrender upon promise of quarter. But Castlehaven asked if his men's swords were sharp. He caused them to be stripped and made his men run them through. No castle in Ireland held out better than Anagh. The enemy lost 300 of their best men before it. Lieutenant Fisher, the Governor, and two or three others went out to the enemy, having just had promise of quarter, but were instantly cut to pieces. After this, Castlehaven marched and besieged Youghal, boasting he would put all to the sword.

6. Castlemartyr castle destroyed despite Mac Carty's protection

   Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

   During the late wars, Captain Henry Boyle placed his Castlemartyr castle under the protection of General Mac Carty, as did Lord Inchiquin his castle at Rostillian, but Mac Carty failed to honour his promise and Castlemartyr with all its improvements and furniture worth thousands of pounds was destroyed.

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   (25) Capt. Henry Boyle, in the late wars, put his castle under the protection of General Mac Carty, as did also the Lord Inchiquin, his of Rostillian, who promised to secure them and their houses, which he did not perform ; for Castlemartyr, with all the improvements and furniture, to the value of some thousands of pounds, were destroyed.

   (26) Dowr, in the British language, signifies " water"; and Dowr, in the old Irish, has the same signification. *

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 58

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Castlemartyr, a castle stood that was destroyed in the late wars. Captain Henry Boyle put it under the protection of General Mac Carty, and Lord Inchiquin did the same with his castle at Rostillian. Mac Carty promised to secure them and their houses. He did not keep that promise. The castle, with all its improvements and furniture, worth some thousands of pounds, was destroyed.

7. Castlemore castle and the Barretts

   Castlemore · townland · Cork

   Castlemore castle was in the possession of the Barretts during the reign of Elizabeth. O'Neal, on his march to Kinsale, was told Barrett of Castlemore was a good Catholic who had been there four hundred years, but replied he hated the man as if he had come but yesterday.

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   " It would appear from the anecdote related by Sir Richard Cox that this castle was " in possession of the Barretts in the reign of Elizabeth. O'Neal, on his march to " Kinsale, being told that Barrett of Castlemore, though an Englishman, was a good "Catholic, and had been there four hundred years. He replied that he hated the " clown, as if he had come but yesterday." — Preface to Cox, Why Smith says "Castlemore, near Mallow," I cannot understand. — T. C. C.

   Carrigrohane. On the south side of the chancel of this church is the tomb of Matthias Earberry, who was a writer of some eminence. He published the year before his death (17 17), The History of the Clemeficy of our English Monarchs, TIte Occasional Historian also, but this was not printed until 1730. — R. C.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 109

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here stood Castlemore castle. It belonged to the Barretts in the reign of Elizabeth. Sir Richard Cox relates the story. O'Neal, on his march to Kinsale, was told that Barrett of Castlemore, though an Englishman, was a good Catholic and had been there four hundred years. He replied that he hated the clown, as if he had come but yesterday. Four centuries of loyalty counted for nothing with him. The Barrett family had held this place through all that time, and their faith was spoken of as proof they belonged. But belonging was never simple in Ireland, and O'Neal made that plain in a single sentence.

8. Christ Church Cork: Royal Chapel and lost monuments

   Cork · city · Cork · 1829

   Christ Church in Cork was also called the Royal or King's Chapel and was the resort of great personages and the Corporation. The bishop had a throne there which disappeared, and in 1829 the old monuments were consigned to a hole dug for their reception.

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   Christ Church was, with the exception of the cathedral, the most important church in the diocese, and one of much interest It was also called the Royal or King's Chapel, and was the resort of all great personages, as also of the Corporation in the days of old. The bishop had also his throne there, which has, in a most unaccountable manner, disappeared. It seems that in 1829 the old monuments were consigned to a hole dug for their reception. There are many entries of interest in the parish books. Here are a few : —

   *' Cork, Jan. 9th, 1670. — Whereas Sible Viner on her death bed, and being speech- " less, did by makeing signes and t<3kens discover where a certaine summe of money " lay, wch money came to ye hands of Cornelius Coveney and Edward Tucker, Church *• Wardens of ye pcsh of Christ Church, ye summe being fiveteene pounds sterl, wch " sayd sume p. general consent of ye minister, church wardens, and parishioners at a " meeting lawfully warned, it was ordered to be disposed of as followeth, etc."

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 240

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, Christ Church stood as the most important church in the diocese after the cathedral. It was also called the Royal or King's Chapel, and it was the resort of all great personages, as well as the Corporation in the days of old. The bishop had his throne there, which has, in the most unaccountable manner, disappeared. In 1829 the old monuments were consigned to a hole dug for their reception. The parish books hold entries of interest. One dates from January 9th, 1670. Sible Viner, on her deathbed and speechless, did by making signs and tokens discover where a certain sum of money lay. The money came to the hands of Cornelius Coveney and Edward Tucker, churchwardens of the parish of Christ Church. The sum was fifteen pounds sterling. By general consent of the minister, churchwardens, and parishioners at a meeting lawfully warned, it was ordered to be disposed of.

9. Defence of Hacketstown, Carlow

   Hacketstown · town · Carlow · 1798

   On 25 June 1798, Hacketstown was successfully defended by yeomanry under Captain Hardy, including the Hacketstown Infantry, Captain Chamney's Infantry, the Talbotstown Cavalry, and Shillelah Cavalry. The rebels under the two Byrnes of Ballymanus were defeated with a loss of about 350 men.

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   25th June. Successful defence of Hacketstown, county Carlow. The garrison was principally composed of yeomanry, under Captain Hardy, viz. : — The Hacketstown Infantry, Captain Hardy, Captain Chamney's Infantry, the Talbotstown Cavalry, and Shillelah Cavalry. The rebels under the two Byrnes of Ballymanus were defeated with a loss of about 350 men.

   28th June. Attack on Castlecomer by Fassaghdineen Yeomanry Cavalry and Glengarry Fencibles. The rebels were driven from the town.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

   As the companion tells it

   Hacketstown in Carlow saw fighting on the 25th of June, 1798. The town was held by yeomanry under Captain Hardy: the Hacketstown Infantry, Captain Chamney's Infantry, the Talbotstown Cavalry, and the Shillelah Cavalry. The rebels, led by the two Byrnes of Ballymanus, were defeated with a loss of about 350 men.

10. Donough Lord Muskery charged with murders on Macroom-Cork road

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1641

    Donough Lord Muskery, General of the Irish forces in Munster, was charged with putting several English to death on the road between Macroom and Cork during the 1641 wars. He was tried and acquitted after it was shown the murders were committed by others despite his efforts to protect the English.

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    Blarney Castle was built by Cormac MacCarty, surnamed Laider (he came into the lordship 1449). He also built the castles of Kilcrea and Carricknamuck, the abbey of Kilcrea, and the nunnery of Ballyvacadane, with five churches. He was wounded at Carricknamuck by Owen, the son of Teige MacCarty, his cousin-german, and died in Cork, being buried in Kilcrea abbey, anno dom. 1494. This estate was forfeited in the wars of 1641 by Donough, Lord Muskery, but the greatest part of it was restored by the Act of Settlement. This Lord was General of the Irish forces in Munster, and Very active in that rebellion. Ludlow informs us that he was charged with having put several of the English to death on the road between his house of Macroomp and Cork, for which he was apprehended, and tried for his life. The trial lasted long by reason of a clause which he urged in his defence, from a printed copy of the articles made against him, which, " although " (says Ludlow, who was one of the commissioners appointed to try him) '* it had been unjust for me to grant in the terms there mentioned, "yet would have cleared him, and thrown the guilt and blame upon me; for articles " given ought to be made good. But this clause, upon search into the original, which " I kept, appeared to have been inserted by themselves in the print which they pro- "duced for evidence, under pretence of having lost the original articles. Notwith- " standing which, it appearing that, though divers of the English were murdered by the " convoy appointed to conduct them safe to Cork, the Lord Muskery had taken what " care he could for their security, and had done what in him lay to bring the person *' who was guilty of that blood to justice. The court acquitted him, and he was per- " mitted, according to his articles, to pass into Spain." — Ludlau/s Memoirs^ p. 442.

    Colonel MacCarty Reagh and several other persons were also tried at this time for the same crimes, but the colonel was acquitted. — Ludlow^ ib.^ p. 440.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 93

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Macroom, in Cork. In the wars of 1641, Donough Lord Muskery forfeited his estate here, though the greatest part of it was later restored by the Act of Settlement. He was General of the Irish forces in Munster and very active in that rebellion. He was charged with having put several of the English to death on the road between this town and Cork, and for that he was apprehended and tried for his life. The trial lasted a long time. Lord Muskery urged a clause in his defence, taken from a printed copy of the articles made against him. Ludlow, one of the commissioners appointed to try him, wrote that this clause would have cleared Muskery and thrown the guilt onto Ludlow himself, for as Ludlow said, "articles given ought to be made good." But when Ludlow searched the original, which he had kept, the clause appeared to have been inserted by Muskery's own people into the printed copy they produced, claiming they had lost the original. Even so, the evidence showed that though several of the English were murdered by the convoy appointed to conduct them safe to Cork, Lord Muskery had taken what care he could for their security and had done what lay in him to bring the person guilty of that blood to justice. The court acquitted him, and he was permitted to pass into Spain according to his articles. Colonel MacCarty Reagh and several others were also tried at this time for the same crimes, but the colonel was acquitted.

11. Dunmanway planted as English colony by Sir Richard Cox

    Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1690–1710

    Dunmanway was planted as an English colony by Sir Richard Cox's grandfather at the end of the seventeenth century, with King William granting fairs and markets and an Act of Parliament moving the parish church two miles to the new town. It thrived through the linen manufacture under Sir Richard Cox's patronage.

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    Richard Cox, bart, whose grandfather, towards the end of the seventeenth century, undertook to plant an English colony here, directly on the road leading from Cork to Bantry. King William, to encourage his great design, granted him a patent for fairs and markets ; and by an Act of Parliament, in the beginning of Queen Anne's reign, the site of the parish church was removed two miles to the projected town of Dunmanway. For the convenience of passengers, a handsome stone bridge W2is built over the Bandon river. Of late years Dunmanway is become a very thriving place, where the linen manufacture is in a most prosperous and flourishing state, by the patronage and industry of Sir Richard Cox. The house wherein Sir Richard resided is in the midst of the town, and is pleasantly adorned with handsome avenues and good plantations of fir, elm, lime, chesnut, and some beech. The town is seated in the centre of a small valley surrounded with hills to the west, north and south. Those to the north are rough and rocky, but from hence to Bandon, along the river of that name, is a fine well-improved vale, consisting of a light gravelly soil. Here are a considerable number of looms at work for linen, as well checkered as white, diapers, fustians, handkerchiefs, girth-web, etc., and the manufacturers were, by several premiums given by their landlord according to their respective merits, kept constantly employed. A good house, rent free, was given to a master who, that year, made up the best and greatest quantity of linen ; and this inscription, in gold letters, was placed over the door of such as deserved this reward : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    Dunmanway is a town that grew from a plan. Towards the end of the 1600s, the grandfather of Sir Richard Cox undertook to plant an English colony here, directly on the road leading from Cork to Bantry. King William granted him a patent for fairs and markets to encourage the design. By an Act of Parliament at the beginning of Queen Anne's reign, the site of the parish church was removed two miles to the projected town. For the convenience of passengers, a handsome stone bridge was built over the Bandon river. In later years it became a thriving place, where the linen manufacture stood in a prosperous and flourishing state through the patronage and industry of Sir Richard Cox. His house stood in the midst of the town, pleasantly adorned with handsome avenues and good plantations of fir, elm, lime, chestnut, and some beech. The town is seated in the centre of a small valley, surrounded with hills to the west, north, and south. Those to the north are rough and rocky, but from here to Bandon, along the river of that name, lies a fine well-improved vale of light gravelly soil. A considerable number of looms worked here for linen, both checkered and white, along with diapers, fustians, handkerchiefs, and girth-web. The manufacturers were kept constantly employed, rewarded by several premiums given by their landlord according to their respective merits. A good house, rent free, was given to the master who that year made up the best and greatest quantity of linen, and an inscription in gold letters was placed over the door of such as deserved this reward.

12. Earl of Cork petitions Lords over Youghal College revenues

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1640–1641

    The Earl of Cork petitioned the House of Lords, denying he sought or received any pardon for the College of Youghal affair. He requested inquiry whether the patronage and revenues were wrested from him together with a £15,000 fine in an arbitrary and illegal manner by Strafford's direction.

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    This part of the Earl of Strafford's answer was far from being just, and so derogatory to the honour of Lord Cork, that, being very much irritated at it, he immediately petitioned the House of Lords ;<*«M'o which petition, after taking notice that the charge against Lord Strafford only mentioned the rectory of Mortel's-town, he entreats their lordships to observe the evasion by introducing the affair of the College of Youghal. not so much as mentioned in the charge; and prays them so far to be tender of his reputation ; that Lord Strafford's untrue Imputations laid oo him, might make no ill impression in their most noble breasts, till the whole proceedings be re-examined before the House. He positively denies the suing for, or receiving any such pardon ; and requests their lordships to order inquiry to be made in the proper offices of Ireland, whether any such pardon had ever passed the seals there ; and also in the court of Castle-chamber, whether the bill and answers did not still remain on the file ; and whether the patronage and revenues of the College of Youghal were not wrested from him, together with a fine of ;£ 15,000, in an arbitrary, unjust, and illegal manner, by the Earl of ' Strafford's direction. The Earl of Cork proved the threatening messages he received from Lord Strafford, by several witnesses, some of whom were members of the privy council of England. This smart rejoinder of his turned out to be very prejudicial to the Earl of Strafford's cause, who, soon after was brought to the scaffold. On which occasion I find the following note in one of Lord Cork's diaries, wrote by himself:

    "This day the Earl of Strafford was beheaded. No man died more universally " hated or less lamented by the people."

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 44

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal is the town you may be passing through or near. In 1640 and 1641, this place was at the centre of a bitter dispute between two powerful men. The Earl of Cork petitioned the House of Lords after the Earl of Strafford gave an answer that Cork found derogatory to his honour. The charge against Strafford had only mentioned the rectory of Mortel's-town, but Strafford introduced the affair of the College of Youghal, which was not mentioned in the charge at all. Cork asked their lordships to be tender of his reputation, so that Strafford's untrue imputations would make no ill impression until the whole proceedings were re-examined before the House. He positively denied suing for or receiving any pardon, and requested that inquiry be made in the proper offices of Ireland, whether any such pardon had ever passed the seals there. He also asked the court of Castle-chamber to be checked, whether the bill and answers did not still remain on the file, and whether the patronage and revenues of the College of Youghal were not wrested from him, together with a fine of £15,000, in an arbitrary, unjust, and illegal manner, by Strafford's direction. Cork proved the threatening messages he received from Strafford through several witnesses, some of whom were members of the privy council of England. This sharp rejoinder proved very prejudicial to Strafford's cause. Soon after, Strafford was brought to the scaffold. In one of Cork's own diaries, he wrote the words: "This day the Earl of Strafford was beheaded. No man died more universally hated or less lamented by the people."

13. Fermoy Cistercian abbey founded 1270

    Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1270

    An abbey for Cistercian monks, called Our Lady De Castro Dei, was founded at Fermoy in 1270 by Sir Richard de Rupella, lord justice of Ireland in 1261. The monks were brought from Suir Abbey in Tipperary and later received a colony from Furness Abbey in Lancashire.

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    " bridge, in Kent, and every whit as effectual ;" but the place is now stopped up. Here was an abbey for Cistercian monks, called our Lady De Castro Dei, founded anno 1270, according to an Irish MSS., by Sir Richard de Rupella, who was lord justice of Ireland in 1261. The monks were brought hither from Suir Abbey, in the county of Tipperary, and afterwards received a new colony from Furness Abbey, in Lancashire. The spiritualities of this house were assigned by the lord treasurer of England to Sir George Harvey, for the use of the first Earl of Cork, who purchased them, and several lands in Fermoy, from Sir Bernard Grenville, and, at the same time, the seigniory of Kinalmeaky, with the lands of Gilabbey, for the sum of ;^3 5,000. About half a mile north-east from Fermoy is a fine bed of white freestone. Castlehvde ^^ ^^^ v/est of Fermoy is Castlehyde, a good old house,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 180

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stood a Cistercian abbey called Our Lady De Castro Dei, founded in 1270. An Irish manuscript says the founder was Sir Richard de Rupella, who had served as lord justice of Ireland in 1261. The monks were brought from Suir Abbey in Tipperary, and later a new colony arrived from Furness Abbey in Lancashire. The lord treasurer of England assigned the spiritualities of this house to Sir George Harvey, for the use of the first Earl of Cork. The earl purchased them, along with several lands in Fermoy, from Sir Bernard Grenville. At the same time he acquired the seigniory of Kinalmeaky and the lands of Gilabbey, for the sum of 3,500 pounds. The place is now stopped up. About half a mile north-east from Fermoy there is a fine bed of white freestone.

14. French landing at Killala Bay, Mayo

    Killala · town · Mayo · 1798

    On 22 August 1798, three French frigates appeared in Killala Bay and 900 men were landed under command of General Humbert. The town of Killala was defended by the Prince of Wales' Fencibles and the Killala Yeomanry under Mr. Kirkwood, who were obliged to surrender after a bold resistance.

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    The aspect of affairs was soon changed, for in the 22nd of this month three French frigates appeared in Killala Bay. 900 men were landed under command of General Humbert.

    The town was defended against the French advanced guard by the Prince of Wales' Fencibles and the Killala Yeomanry under Mr. Kirkwood, who were obliged to surrender after a bold resistance.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming up to Killala in Mayo. On 22 August 1798, three French frigates appeared in Killala Bay, and 900 men were landed under General Humbert. The town was defended by the Prince of Wales' Fencibles and the Killala Yeomanry under Mr. Kirkwood, who were obliged to surrender after a bold resistance.

15. Kilcrea Abbey bone repository

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork

    High banks formed entirely of human bones and skulls cemented with moss line the path from the gateway of Kilcrea Abbey to the road. Thousands of bones piled in the arches and windows show the site was once a massive cemetery.

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    From the gateway of this abbey to the road there are high banks on either side, formed entirely of human bones and skulls,. cemented together with moss, and, besides great numbers strown about, there are several thousands piled up in the arches, windows, etc., which show this place formerly to have been a very great cemetery .<37) At the end of a lane leading to this ruin stands a large wooden cross since the time of the

    (34) MSS. in Marsh's Library.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 102

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Kilcrea lies Kilcrea Abbey, and its bone repository. From the gateway of the abbey to the road, high banks rise on either side, formed entirely of human bones and skulls cemented together with moss. Great numbers lie strown about, and several thousands are piled up in the arches and windows, showing this place formerly to have been a very great cemetery. At the end of a lane leading to this ruin stands a large wooden cross.

16. Kilcrea Abbey ruins and land grants after dissolution

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork · 1641–1690

    The abbey of Kilcrea was largely destroyed during the wars of 1641, with part later rebuilt as a garrison by Captain William Baily. Lands were granted to Lord Muskery at the dissolution, then to Lord Broghill by Cromwell, later purchased by Captain Hedges who built a seat called Snugborough.

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    demolition of the abbey, and this entrance is by an avenue of venerable oak. The river Bride winds sweetly away through the vale below this ruin, and, turning north, falls into the Lee. The Lord Muskery, at the time of the dissolution, had the lands of this abbey granted to him, but after the wars of 1641, Oliver Cromwell gave them to Lord Broghill. It was in these wars that the greatest part of the building was destroyed, but part of it was afterwards rebuilt by Captain William Baily, who placed a garrison therein.

    Kilcrea was purchased by Captain Hedges from the trustees of the Hollow-Blade Company, who bought it after Lord Clancarty's forfeiture. He built here a handsome seat, and adorned it with fine plantations. It

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here are the ruins of Kilcrea Abbey, with its entrance by an avenue of venerable oak. The river Bride winds through the vale below this ruin, and turning north, falls into the Lee. At the dissolution, the lands of this abbey were granted to Lord Muskery. After the wars of 1641, Oliver Cromwell gave them to Lord Broghill. It was in those wars that the greatest part of the building was destroyed. Part was afterwards rebuilt by Captain William Baily, who placed a garrison there. Kilcrea was then purchased by Captain Hedges from the trustees of the Hollow-Blade Company, who had bought it after Lord Clancarty's forfeiture. He built a handsome seat here, and adorned it with fine plantations.

17. Mac Donough castle at Kanturk stopped by royal order

    Kanturk · town · Cork · 1558–1603

    In Queen Elizabeth's time the Mac Donoughs erected a magnificent four-story castle near Kanturk, its walls still remaining entire. The English Privy Council ordered the work stopped, deeming such a fortress too dangerous for a private subject.

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    In Queen Elizabeth's time they erected a most magni- DonouKh*^ ficent pile near this place, the walls of which remain entire. It was a parallelogram, being 120 feet in length by 80 in breadth, flanked with four square buildings. This structure was four stories high, and the flankers five. All the window frames, coignes, beltings, and battlements were of hewn stone, and the whole made a most grand and regular appearance. This castle was represented to Queen Elizabeth as a place of very dangerous importance to belong to a private subject, and was said to have been no less than a strong and regular fortress ; upon which the lords of the council of England transmitted an order hither to have the work stopped ; so that the finishing of this noble building was prevented, which was one of the finest structures erected by any Irish family that I have seen, and very far from being capable to be made any use of so as to annoy the government. Thus it remains still in the

    <0 This barony haa thirteen parishes, viz., Ballyclough, Kilshanick, Clonmeene, Drumtariif, Kilmeene, Cullin, Drishane, Nohavel, Clonfert, Knocktemple, Balliotemple, Kilbrin, and Castlemagner, containing 253 ploughlands and 105,748 acres.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 159

    As the companion tells it

    In Queen Elizabeth's time the Mac Donoughs erected a magnificent castle near Kanturk. The walls remain entire to this day. It was a parallelogram, 120 feet in length by 80 in breadth, flanked with four square buildings. The structure was four stories high, and the flankers five. All the window frames, coignes, beltings, and battlements were of hewn stone, and the whole made a grand and regular appearance. This castle was represented to Queen Elizabeth as a place of very dangerous importance to belong to a private subject, and was said to be no less than a strong and regular fortress. Upon this, the lords of the council of England transmitted an order to have the work stopped. So the finishing of this noble building was prevented. It was one of the finest structures erected by any Irish family, and very far from being capable to be made any use of so as to annoy the government. Thus it remains, unfinished.

18. Mountgarret's assault on Mallow castles, 1642

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

    In February 1641-2, Lord Mountgarret marched Irish forces to Mallow, a town of two hundred English houses and two castles. The south castle was held by Arthur Bettesworth with 200 men, while the north castle was bravely defended by Lieutenant Richard Williamson against Sergeant-Major Purcell's assaults.

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    On the nth of February, 1641-2, the Lord Mountgarret marched with the Irish forces to Mallow ; his vanguard was commanded by Sergeant-Major Walsh. The town at this time consisted of two hundred English houses, thirty of which were strongly built and slated, besides the before-mentioned castles. The south castle was then by its owner, Captain Jephson, committed to the charge of Arthur Bettesworth, with a garrison of 200 men, arms and ammunition, one piece of iron ordnance and two calivers. The north castle was then bravely defended by Lieutenant Richard Wi}liamson,^^^ who stood many assaults from Sergeant-Major Purcell, and had several breaches made in the walls before he surrendered upon honourable terms, and then most of his men were slain. But finding the rebels were wavering and not willing to fulfil the terms of the capitulation, he resolutely snatched up a sword, forced his way through them with his remaining party, and got into the castle still held out by Bettesworth ; which, being resolutely and on a sudden performed, struck such a panic into the Irish, that he met with very little resistance.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 174

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow was a town of 200 English houses, 30 of them strongly built and slated, besides two castles. In February 1642 Lord Mountgarret marched Irish forces to it, his vanguard commanded by Sergeant-Major Walsh. Captain Jephson, owner of the south castle, committed it to Arthur Bettesworth with a garrison of 200 men, arms and ammunition, one piece of iron ordnance and two calivers. The north castle was bravely defended by Lieutenant Richard Williamson, who stood many assaults from Sergeant-Major Purcell. Several breaches were made in the walls before he surrendered upon honourable terms, and then most of his men were slain. But finding the rebels were wavering and not willing to fulfil the terms of the capitulation, he resolutely snatched up a sword, forced his way through them with his remaining party, and got into the castle still held out by Bettesworth. Being resolutely and on a sudden performed, this struck such a panic into the Irish that he met with very little resistance.

19. Officers buried at Christ Church after Knockninoss

    Knocknanuss · townland · Cork · 1647

    Distinguished officers who died from wounds received at the Battle of Knockninoss in November 1647, fought between Lord Taffe and Lord Inchiquin, were interred at Christ Church in Cork.

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    The following distinguished officers who died in consequence of their wounds received in the battle of Knockninoss, which was fought in November, 1647, between the Irish under Lord Taffe, and the English under Lord Inchiquin, were here interred : — Major-General Craig and Sir William Bridges, on 2nd December, 1647 ; and on the 4th, Cornet Nightingale, etc., etc.

    *' From the Council Books we learn that during the period of the usurper Cromwell *• the Council of State ordered ' Christ Church, Cork (the meeting-place so called), to *' be repaired, and Mr. Joseph Ayres to preach the Gospel there.' "

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 232

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Knocknanuss, in November 1647, a battle was fought between the Irish under Lord Taffe and the English under Lord Inchiquin. Distinguished officers who died of their wounds were interred at Christ Church in Cork. Major-General Craig and Sir William Bridges were buried on 2nd December 1647, and on the 4th, Cornet Nightingale.

20. Papal indulgence for rebuilding Youghal church

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1468

    In 1468 Pope Paul granted an indulgence to persons who contributed towards re-edifying the church of Youghal, indicating the building required repair or reconstruction in the late fifteenth century.

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    The foundation charter, and the appropriation of the several tithes to this house, were confirmed by Jordan, bishop of Cloyne, under his seal and that of Wil. Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, who was then the bishop's coadjutor. Pope Alexander, by a bull<3> dated in 1494, confirmed these grants, and gave the warden and fellows a licence to purchase others, and unite them to the college. In 1590, Pope Julius bestowed the vie. of Kilmacdonough to this house, and confirmed the bulls of his predecessors in its favour.^^) In 1468, Pope Paul granted an indulgence to such persons as contributed towards re-edifying the church of Youghal.^> In the charter of foundation, the patron is styled

    h) This house was endowed with the following parsonages and vicarages : — The churches of Youghal, Clonpriest, Kilcredan, Killeagh, Ardagh, Ichtermurragh, Garrivoe, and the vie. of Kilmacdonough, all adjacent to the town of Youghal, which churches were to be served by the warden and fellows. They had also the parishes of Ballynoe, alias Newtown, Aghern, and Moyallow, in the diocese of Cloyne, besides Carigaline in that of Cork, the parish of Miros and Caharah in Ross, and four more in the diocese of Ardfert. In the charter of foundation there is only mention made of the parishes of Newtown, Olehau, Aghern, and Moyallow, but the others were granted afterwards by the Earls of Desmond and the Popes above mentioned.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal is a town the road passes through or near. In 1468, Pope Paul granted an indulgence to such persons as contributed towards re-edifying the church. The building required repair or reconstruction in the late fifteenth century. The foundation charter and the appropriation of the several tithes to this house were confirmed by Jordan, bishop of Cloyne, under his seal and that of Wil. Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, who was then the bishop's coadjutor. Pope Alexander, by a bull dated 1494, confirmed these grants, and gave the warden and fellows a licence to purchase others, and unite them to the college. In 1590, Pope Julius bestowed the vicarage of Kilmacdonough to this house, and confirmed the bulls of his predecessors in its favour. The house was endowed with the churches of the town, Clonpriest, Kilcredan, Killeagh, Ardagh, Ichtermurragh, and Garrivoe, all adjacent to the town, which were to be served by the warden and fellows. They had also the parishes of Ballynoe, alias Newtown, Aghern, and Moyallow, in the diocese of Cloyne, besides Carigaline in that of Cork, the parish of Miros and Caharah in Ross, and four more in the diocese of Ardfert. In the charter of foundation there is only mention made of the parishes of Newtown, Olehau, Aghern, and Moyallow, but the others were granted afterwards by the Earls of Desmond and the Popes above mentioned.

21. Ronayne's Grove, formerly Hodnet's Wood

    near Great Island · townland · Cork

    Not far west from Belvelly Castle is Ronayne's Grove, formerly called Hodnet's Wood, with a good house and handsome improvements belonging to Philip Ronayne. From the gardens one has a charming view of the river and shipping up to Cork and the town of Passage on the opposite shore. Ronayne distinguished himself by a treatise of algebra.

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    Ronayne's Not far west from the Castle of Bellvelly is Ronayne's

    Grove. Grx)ve, formerly called Hodnet's Wood, a good house and handsome improvements, of Philip Ronayne, esq. From the gardens one has a charming view of the river and shipping up to Cork, as also the town of Passage, on the opposite shore. This gentleman has distinguished himself by several essays in the most sublime parts of the mathematics ; among others, by a treatise of algebra, which has passed several editions, and is much read and esteemed by all the philomaths of the present time. He has invented a cube, which is perforated in such a manner that a second cube of the same dimensions, exactly in all

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ronayne's Grove, formerly called Hodnet's Wood. Not far west from Belvelly Castle, it has a good house and handsome improvements belonging to Philip Ronayne. From the gardens you get a charming view of the river and the shipping up to Cork, and the town of Passage on the opposite shore. Ronayne distinguished himself by several essays in the most sublime parts of mathematics. Among them was a treatise of algebra, which passed through several editions and was much read and esteemed by all the philomaths of his time. He also invented a cube, perforated in such a manner that a second cube of the same dimensions could fit exactly inside it.

22. Siege of Cork 1691: Clancarty captured at the Old Fort

    Cork · city · Cork · 1691

    During Marlborough's siege of Cork in 1691, Donough, the fourth Earl of Clancarty, was taken prisoner at the capture of the Old Fort. His estates and title were subsequently declared forfeited to the crown.

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    At the siege of Cork by Marlborough in 1 69 1, Donough, the fourth Earl of Clancarty, was, amongst others, taken prisoner at the capture of the Old Fort, and the estates and title of Qancarty declared forfeited to the crown. In 1721 Donough was restored in the peerage by George I., but not in his property. The vast Clancarty estates had been divided and sold for public^benefit by the trustees. "The Hollow Sword Blade Company," as a great land investment company at the time was called, bought largely direct from the trustees and re-sold again to other purchasers. At Donough's death in 1734, his son Robert, fifth earl, captain in the British navy, attempted to re-establish his rights to the family estates, but met with strong and successful opposition from the purchasers. He brought an action of ejectment on the title to some portion of his land in the ordinary form. One trial at law would have decided the question, but while it was pending, the Irish House of Commons interfered by passing a resolution that " all barristers, solicitors, attorneys, and proctors, who should be in any way concerned for Robert, " Earl of Clancarty, in any cause, be deemed public enemies." Borne down by this act of unconstitutional interference. Lord Clancarty left the country for ever, and died abroad in humble circumstances in 1770, at the age of eighty-four. Thus expired the earldom of MacCarthy Earl of Clancarty, and such was the melancholy termination of the once powerful lords of Muskerry. In his person Earl Robert was described as a nobleman of strict honour and an officer of valour and experience, in all respects worthy of a better fate. In 1803, in consequence of his descent from Elena MacCarthy, daughter of Cormac Oge MacCarthy lord of Muskerry, and sister of Donough first Earl of Clancarty, the title of Earl Clancarty was conferred on William Power Keating Trench, of Galbally, county Galway, m.p. for Galway 1768 to 1797, when he was elevated to the Irish peerage as Baron Kilconnel.

    ti) For several generations the descendants of Dermod in the main line were styled Icings of Desmond.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, this city holds the memory of a siege that broke a great Irish house. In 1691, Marlborough laid siege to Cork, and Donough, the fourth Earl of Clancarty, was taken prisoner at the capture of the Old Fort. His estates and his title were then declared forfeited to the crown. The vast Clancarty estates were divided and sold for public benefit by the trustees. A great land investment company of the time, called the Hollow Sword Blade Company, bought largely direct from the trustees and re-sold to other purchasers. In 1721, Donough was restored in the peerage by George the First, but not in his property. At his death in 1734, his son Robert, the fifth earl, a captain in the British navy, attempted to re-establish his rights to the family estates. He met strong and successful opposition from the purchasers. He brought an action of ejectment on the title to some portion of his land. One trial at law would have decided the question, but while it was pending, the Irish House of Commons interfered by passing a resolution that all barristers, solicitors, attorneys, and proctors who should be in any way concerned for Robert, Earl of Clancarty, in any cause, be deemed public enemies. Borne down by this act of unconstitutional interference, Lord Clancarty left the country for ever. He died abroad in humble circumstances in 1770, at the age of 84. The earldom of MacCarthy Earl of Clancarty expired with him. He was described as a nobleman of strict honour and an officer of valour and experience, in all respects worthy of a better fate.

23. Union of the Sees of Cork and Cloyne

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 1430

    In 1430, the Sees of Cork and Cloyne were vacant and were canonically united by Pope Martin V. This union occurred upon the elevation of Jordan, the chancellor of Limerick.

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    foverned his flock with justice and piety, and fed them both by his example and instructions, le was translated to Ossory in 141 7. In 1418 Milo Fitz John, dean of Cork, was consecrated. While he occupied this See Adam Pay, bishop of Cloyne, exerted his influence in Parliament to unite the Sees of Cork and Cloyne, but Milo not consenting, the matter was referred to the Court of Rome. This prelate died in 1430. In 1430 the Sees of Cork and Cloyne being vacant, were canonically united by Pope Martin V., on the elevation of Jordan, chancellor of Limerick. This prelate was living in 1464, as appears from his name appended to the charter of the Collegiate Church of Youghal, granted by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. How long afterwards he enjoyed this bishopric is unknown ; however, some false representations were made to the Pope by William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, with a view to dispossess him, namely, that he was incapacitated from exercising the pastoral office by reason of old age and failing sight. In this plot he was seconded by Gerald, of the family of the Geraldines. Forged instruments were exhibited, purporting to be executed by the bishop, in which, through poverty, he is represented as constituting Gerald and John O'Hedian, archdeacon of Cashel, proctors, to resign his bishopric. O^iedian employed the Bishop of Ardagh, who was then in Rome, his substitute, to malce this resignation into the hands of the Pope Pius II., when a provision was made for O'Hedian to these Sees, but Jordan applied to the King and the Pope for relief. A commission was issued directed to the Archbishop of Cashel and the Bishops of Exeter and Limerick to enauire into the case, and if they found it to be as Jordan represented, to remove the coadjutor ana compel him to account to Jordan for the profits of the Sees, and restore him possesion thereof. To aid the Pope in this enquiry, the King issued a writ directed to the Lord Lieutenant, William Barry, David Roche, Edmond JSarrett, the Mayors of Cork and Youghal, and Sovereign of Kinsale. After this Jordan continued in possession during his life. He was succeeded by the same Gerald Fitz- Richard who endowed the Abbey of Chore with many possessions. This abbey was at Midleton, in our own county, and was founded by his ancestors. He died 1479* William Roche (who was fraudulently leagued with this Gerald to dispossess Jordan) now succeeded. Rymer mentions him as included in a general pardon issued oy Henry VII. to several of the Irish bishops for being concerned in the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck. He resigned 1490, when Thaddeus McCarthy was advanced by a provision from Innocent VIIL In 1499 one Gerald resigned, when another member of the noble family of Geraldines, John Fitz-Edmiind, obtained possession of these Sees by Papal provision in 1499. The time of his death is unknown. One Patrick was bishop November 13, 1 521 ; his attestation is now remaining attached to the original will of Patrick Heyn among the Tyrry papers in my custody. This prelate could not have occupied these Sees for more than two years ; he was succeeded in 1535 by John Bennett, who is supposed to have been descended from Richard Bennett, who with, Ellis Barry, his wife, founded the church of St. Mary's, Youghal, where he resided. A little before his decease he ( ndowed the chauntry of his ancestor with lands and houses in Youghal and the neighbourhood ; he died in 1536, and was the last Catholic bishop who held the temporalities.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 249

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through or near Cloyne, a town whose bishopric was bound to Cork in 1430. That year both Sees of Cork and Cloyne stood vacant, and Pope Martin V canonically united them, on the elevation of Jordan, the chancellor of Limerick. The union had been attempted years earlier, when Adam Pay, bishop of Cloyne, pushed for it in Parliament. But Milo Fitz John, then bishop of Cork, would not consent, and the matter went to the Court of Rome. Milo died in 1430, and with both sees empty, the Pope acted. Jordan was still living in 1464, his name on the charter of the Collegiate Church of Youghal, granted by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. How long he enjoyed the bishopric after that is unknown. William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, made false representations to the Pope, claiming Jordan was incapacitated by old age and failing sight. Gerald, of the Geraldine family, seconded the plot. Forged instruments were produced, purporting to be executed by the bishop, constituting Gerald and John O'Hedian, archdeacon of Cashel, as proctors to resign the bishopric. O'Hedian used the Bishop of Ardagh, then in Rome, as his substitute to make the resignation into the hands of Pope Pius II, and a provision was made for O'Hedian to these Sees. Jordan applied to the King and the Pope for relief. A commission went to the Archbishop of Cashel and the Bishops of Exeter and Limerick to enquire into the case. The King issued a writ to the Lord Lieutenant, William Barry, David Roche, Edmond Barrett, the Mayors of Cork and Youghal, and the Sovereign of Kinsale. After this, Jordan remained in possession for the rest of his life.

24. Bantry's decay from a thriving pilchard town

    Bantry · town · Cork

    Formerly called Ballygobbin, Bantry thrived on the pilchard trade, building several fish palaces for salting and preserving. However, the town fell into decay when the pilchards disappeared and employment vanished.

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    The town of Bantry is seated at the bottom of this ""^' extensive bay, on the east side. It was formerly called Ballygobbin, as also the Old Town, to distinguish it from another settlement, more to the north, called the New Town, where Ireton had a fortification erected, with four regular bastions, which caused the inhabitants to build near it ; but, when this fort went to decay, they returned, by degrees, to the Old Town, called Bantry, from its being the chief settlement of this half barony. A few years ago, when the pilchards ''• frequented this bay, it was a very thriving town, but, for want of employment, is again fallen into decay. Near it stood a Franciscan abbey, founded anno 1460 by Dermot O'Sullivan, now entirely demolished. In many creeks round this bay are several fish palaces, as they are called, built for saving, preserving, and salting of pilchards, of which commodity several thousand pounds worth have been sent from hence to Spain, Portugal, and Italy ; but of late years there has not a single pilchard appeared on the coast

    (0 III this barony are the parighea of Kilmacomoge, Kilcaskin, Killaghaninagh, Kilkaterin, Kilmanagli, and Durrus. It contains 195 ploughlands and 84, 132 acres, of which 15,91 1 are very justly esteemed unprofitable.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 155

    As the companion tells it

    This is Bantry, seated at the bottom of its extensive bay. It was formerly called Ballygobbin, and also the Old Town, to distinguish it from another settlement to the north called the New Town. Ireton had a fortification erected there with four regular bastions, and the inhabitants built near it. When that fort went to decay, they returned by degrees to the Old Town, called Bantry, from its being the chief settlement of this half barony. A few years ago, when the pilchards frequented this bay, it was a very thriving town, but for want of employment is again fallen into decay. Near it stood a Franciscan abbey, founded in 1460 by Dermot O'Sullivan, now entirely demolished. In many creeks round this bay are several fish palaces, as they are called, built for saving, preserving, and salting of pilchards. Several thousand pounds worth of that commodity were sent from here to Spain, Portugal, and Italy. But of late years there has not been a single pilchard appeared on the coast.

25. Battle of Kinsale 1601: Mountjoy defeats Tyrone and Spaniards

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1380–1601

    Lord Mountjoy defeated Tyrone, O'Donnell and the Irish forces on 24 December 1601 between the village of Taxaxon and Kinsale, while simultaneously besieging Don John de Aquilla's Spanish forces in the town. The Spaniards were also previously defeated at Kinsale in Richard II's time, c. 1380.

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    Defeit''&c "-'s ^^^^* ^""^ ^380- ^"^ '" Q"^^" Elizabeth's by the ' ' Lord Mountjoy ; who, between the village of Taxaxon and this town, beat Tyrone, O'Donnell, and the Irish, on the 24th of December, 1 60 1, and at the same time besieged Don John de Aquilla in the town ; after which battle he was obliged to surrender the place to the Queen's forces. For the particulars of which action I refer to the historical part of this work.

    Scilly Scilly is a small village near Kinsale, well built, and

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 120

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near Kinsale now. Twice this town saw Spanish forces broken. Around 1380, in Richard the Second's time, the Spaniards were defeated here. Then on the 24th of December 1601, Lord Mountjoy beat Tyrone, O'Donnell and the Irish between the village of Taxaxon and this town, while besieging Don John de Aquilla inside it. After that battle, Aquilla was obliged to surrender the place to the Queen's forces.

26. Bishop Browne's Bishopstown house and chapel

    Bishopstown (part) · electoral division · Cork · 1735

    Bishop Browne expended upwards of £2,000 on a country-house and improvements at Bishopstown, near Cork, built as a summer retreat for his successors. He was buried there in a vault beneath the chapel he founded, and his leaden coffin was later examined and found intact in 1861.

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    *' He was an austere, retired, and mortified man, but a prelate of the first rank for learning among his brethren, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age, for the gracefulness of his manner and a fine elocution. He studied, and was master of the most exact and just pronunciation, heightened by the sweetest and most solemn tone of voice, and set off by a serious air and a venerable person, all of which united commanded the most awful attention in his hearers of all sorts. He was eminent for his critical skill in the Greek and Hebrew, which enabled him to explain the beauty, energy, and sublimity of the sacred writings to great advantage ; and as he had formed himself upon the best models of antiquity, he quickly introduced a true taste of eloquence into that society of which he was a member and head, and utterly banished that false glitter of shining thought and idle affectation of points and turns which reigned before in the sermons of the most eminent preachers, by showing how contemptible they were compared with the solidity and dignity which discovered themselves in his plainer but more correct and nervous periods. Yet, after all, his most distinguished talent was that of inspiring true piety into the hearts of all that heard him preach or pray ; his heart was full of it, and his whole air, manner, and tone of voice (whether in th^ pulpit or at the altar) breathed and inspired it pure and fervent. The liturgy of the Church of Ireland was seen in a new light of beauty and excellence when he officiated, and more particularly the communion service was felt and confessed by every man that heard it from his mouth to be a heavenly composition. His whole life was one uniform tenor of piety and true religion. He expended vast sums on charitable uses, but took particular pains to keep t^e knowledge of them private. Even those who were relieved knew not the hand from whence their assistance came. He made it a rule never to trust any person to convey his charity a second time who had once divulged what he desired should be kept secret from all the world. By hb generous encouragement several churches were rebuilt and repaired, and a handsome library, with a large room for a charity school, erected near the Cathedral. Moreover, he expended upwards of ^2,000 on a country-nouse and improvements at Bishopstown, near Cork, which he built for a summer retreat, and left to his successors free of any charge." He published a discourse On Drinking in Reniembrcmce of the Dead (London, 1715), a custom prevalent in his own time, which he repudiated ; also, A Discourse on Drinking Healths (London, 17 1 5). His sermons on various subjects were published in Dublin, in two volumes (1749), and reprinted at London same year. These sermons were chiefly written against the Socinians, and are much admired for their manly and easy style. He died at Cork, August 25th, 1735, and Mras buried at Bishopstown, in a vault beneath the chapel which he founded there. There is a portrait of this prelate in the palace at Cork.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 251

    As the companion tells it

    This is Bishopstown, a place on the road near Cork. In 1735 a bishop named Browne built a country-house here and spent upwards of 2,000 pounds on the house and its improvements. He meant it as a summer retreat, and left it to his successors free of any charge. He died at Cork on August 25th of that year, and was buried at Bishopstown, in a vault beneath the chapel he founded there. Browne was described as an austere, retired, and mortified man, but a prelate of the first rank for learning among his brethren. He was esteemed the best preacher of his age, for the gracefulness of his manner and a fine elocution. He studied exact and just pronunciation, heightened by a solemn tone of voice, and set off by a serious air and a venerable person, all of which commanded the most awful attention in his hearers. He was eminent for his critical skill in Greek and Hebrew, which enabled him to explain the beauty, energy, and sublimity of the sacred writings to great advantage. He banished the false glitter of shining thought and idle affectation that had reigned in the sermons of the most eminent preachers, showing how contemptible they were compared with the solidity and dignity of his plainer but more correct periods. His most distinguished talent was inspiring true piety into the hearts of all who heard him preach or pray. He expended vast sums on charitable uses, but took particular pains to keep the knowledge of them private. Even those who were relieved knew not the hand from which their assistance came. He made it a rule never to trust any person to convey his charity a second time who had once divulged what he desired should be kept secret. His leaden coffin was later examined and found intact in 1861.

27. Clonakilty town, its charter, markets and 1641 destruction

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1641

    Clonakilty (anciently Clowncallow) is a cross-shaped town on Cloghnakilty Bay with a noted Friday linen yarn market and a September poultry fair. It was incorporated by the first Earl of Cork, and flourished before being entirely burned down in the wars of 1641, recovering slowly through the linen trade.

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    At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, anno i64i,the charter and other records of this borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird,^'> who, at the hazard of his life, escaped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place,^3) two full companies of Lord Forbes's regiment were slain by the Irish in 1642, and the thii-d company, being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile, to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they also maintained till the rest of the regiment, then at Rathbarry, came to their relief, and then they all fell upon the Irish, and killed above 600 of them. This town flourished greatly before the wars of 164 1, but being then entirely burned down, it has since but slowly recovered. At present it belongs to the Right Hon. Henry Boyle, and begins again to thrive by means of the linen trade. About a mile to the north-east of this place, on the lands of Temple-Brien, are the remains of an ancient heathen temple, which I shall give a particular description of in another place.

    Six miles north from Cloghnakilty is Iniskeen, a village

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Clonakilty, this is a town once called Clowncallow, a cross-shaped place on Cloghnakilty Bay. It was incorporated by the first Earl of Cork, with a noted Friday linen yarn market and a September poultry fair. It flourished before the wars of 1641. When the Irish rebellion broke out that year, the charter and other records of the borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird, who at the hazard of his life escaped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place, two full companies of Lord Forbes's regiment were slain by the Irish in 1642. A third company, being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile to an old fort in the highway to Ross, and maintained it until the rest of the regiment, then at Rathbarry, came to their relief. They all then fell upon the Irish and killed above 600 of them. The town was entirely burned down in those wars and has since but slowly recovered. It now belongs to the Right Hon. Henry Boyle and begins again to thrive by means of the linen trade. About a mile to the north-east, on the lands of Temple-Brien, are the remains of an ancient heathen temple.

28. Cork merchants' losses in Lisbon earthquake

    Cork · city · Cork

    Cork merchants lost £70,000 in the Lisbon earthquake, yet not one of them broke. The author contrasted this resilience with what he feared would happen to Dublin traders under similar misfortune.

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    " Cork exports great quantities of camlets to Portugal, tis an illicit trade, but butter *' firkins and other kinds of package elude the vigilance of the custom house officers. " A frend of mine Capt. Mercer, made his fortune abut a dozen years ago, by seizing a ** ship worth 12,000 laden with them. But he must take care how he makes his "appearance in the Co. Cork. If he should he would find it difficult to retire. The " merchants of Cork are many of the rich if you may judge by the. loss sufferd by *' the earthquak of Lisbon. The Cork merchants lost ;£7o,ooo, and yet not one of " them broke ; had the like misfortion happened to the trader of Dublin, I am afraid, " some of them must have stopped payment"

    Another description of Cork will be found in the Derrick Letters^ vol. i., 49, September i8th, 1760 : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, the merchants here were known for an illicit trade, exporting camlets to Portugal. Butter and firkins and other kinds of package eluded the vigilance of the custom house officers. A friend of mine, Captain Mercer, made his fortune about a dozen years ago by seizing a ship worth 12,000 laden with them. But he must take care how he makes his appearance in County Cork. If he should, he would find it difficult to retire. The merchants of Cork were many of them rich, if you may judge by the loss suffered by the earthquake of Lisbon. The Cork merchants lost 70,000 pounds, and yet not one of them broke. Had the like misfortune happened to the traders of Dublin, I am afraid, some of them must have stopped payment.

29. Monument to Sir James Cotter in Carrigtwohill church

    Carrigtohill · town · Cork · 1690–1720

    Sir James Cotter was made governor of the city of Cork and the Great Island by James II in February 1690. His son, also James Cotter, was executed in 1720 for his devotion to the cause of the Pretender. A monument to Sir James Cotter's memory stands in the old parish church of Carrigtwohill.

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    Cotter of Rockforest. James Cotter of Rockforest, m.p. in the Irish Parliament, first bart. 1763. His father, James Cotter of Anne^rove, was executed in 1720 for his devotion to the cause of the Pretender. Sir James Cotter, Knt., of Annesgrove, was made "governor of the city of Cork and the Great Island near it" in February, 1690, by James II., and in the old parish church of Cariigtwohill is a monument to his memory. Sir James Laurence Cotter, the third and present bart.

    Falkinbr of Ann Mount. Riggs Falkiner (son of Caleb Falkiner, merchant of Cork), first bart. 1777. Sir Samuel Edmund Falkiner, the sixth and present bart.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 281

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Carrigtohill, in the old parish church stands a monument to Sir James Cotter of Annesgrove. In February 1690, James II made him "governor of the city of Cork and the Great Island near it." His son, James Cotter of Annerove, was executed in 1720 for his devotion to the cause of the Pretender. The family held Rockforest; James Cotter of Rockforest was a member of the Irish Parliament, first baronet in 1763.

30. Youghal chancel left in ruin by Earl of Cork

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1640

    Bishop William Chappel complained in a severe letter dated December 1640 that the vicars had been stripped and the chancel of Youghal was left ready to fall by the first Earl of Cork.

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    William Chappel, 1638- 1649. Archdeacon Cotton, referring to his impeachment, says : — " I have read a severe letter by him to the first Earl of Cork, dated December, " 1640, in which he complains that the vicars had been stripped^ and the chancel of " Youghcd left ready to fall hy the Earl. This letter was not likely to be forgotten or " forgiven." Chappel's life has also been written by Peck in his Desiderata Curiosa^ as well as that written by himself in Latin verse among Heam*s Tracts^ v. 5, p. 264. He is also supposed to be the author of The Whole Duty of Man,

    Succeeding Robert Clayton, as Bishop of Cork and Ross, was : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 230

    As the companion tells it

    This is the town of Youghal. In December 1640, Bishop William Chappel wrote a severe letter to the first Earl of Cork. He complained that the vicars had been stripped and the chancel of Youghal was left ready to fall by the Earl. The letter, as one writer put it, was not likely to be forgotten or forgiven. Chappel was Bishop of Cork and Ross from 1638 to 1649. He is also supposed to be the author of The Whole Duty of Man.

31. Hop Island and its owners

    near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1690–1748

    Hop Island was so called because it belonged to a dancing-master of Cork, Mr. Boland, who contrived a profitable fishery between the island and the opposite shore. On a French chart of Cork Harbour circa 1690, it was called Red Island. After Boland's death it became the residence of Mr. De La Maine and later of printer Anthony Edwards.

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    Hop Island, It is so called (1748) because it belongs to a dancingmaster of Cork (Mr. Boland),^<> who has contrived a fishery between him and the opposite shore that yields much profit. ^s^ Upon a French chart of Cork YidshonXy circe 1690, it is called "Red Island," <^^ (/^«^ Roe in Irish). After Mr. Boland's death, Hop Island became the residence of Mr. De La Maine (of whom more hereafter), and subsequently of Anthony Edwards, the printer who published various interesting local works, " Orange Songs," " New Edition of The Cork Remembrancer^* &c It is curious that when Croker wrote this island was in the parish of Downderrow — {Doonderabhan^ ie,^ " the fortress between the two waters") — within two miles of Kinsale, and nearly twenty miles from itself

    Doctor Caulfield gives, under May, 1589, a list of the names of those who " hath undertaken to inhabit lands in Kyerecarrighie and Kynnole^^^ under Sir Warham St Leger, knt" : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    Near Haulbowline Island, there is a place called Hop Island. It took that name around 1748 because it belonged to a dancing-master of Cork, a Mr. Boland, who set up a fishery between the island and the opposite shore that brought in much profit. On a French chart of Cork Harbour around 1690, it was called Red Island. After Boland's death, Hop Island became the residence of Mr. De La Maine, and later of Anthony Edwards, a printer who published various local works, including "Orange Songs" and a new edition of "The Cork Remembrancer." When Croker wrote about it, the island lay in the parish of Downderrow, a name meaning "the fortress between the two waters," within two miles of Kinsale and nearly twenty miles from itself.

32. Annagh's fortified island and wattle causeway

    Annagh · townland · Cavan

    Annagh was a verdant island once surrounded by a deep morass that secured the flocks grazing on its grass. A mighty bulwark guarded the passage of the miry flood, accessible only by a long causeway of yielding wattles spread on sinking clay, which defied cannon fire.

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    Which once encompass'd by a deep morass, Secur'd the flocks high bounding on her grass ; A mighty bulwark on the border stood, To guard the passage of the miry flood ; Impervious, but by one long trembling way Of yielding wattles spread on sinking clay, Which far removed from any solid shore, Defi'd the heavy cannon's distant roar ; The elevated bolts still fell too low, Nor hurt her ramparts with one feeble blow, Hence not far distant Burton's groves appear. Where pines and elms in artful order rear, Where wand'ring eyes with secret pleasure gaze, Where bow'rs, and lawns, and crystal rills amaze. Where sylvan gods disport the livelong day, And wanton fairies dance the night away.

    Next Egmont comes in view, Trinacrian height, High-rising emblem of its owner's state ; Egmont, which gives to the illustrious race The highest honour, and the senate's place. Twas here, if old tradition's tale be true. When tyrant Denmark's lordly sons withdrew, Compell'd by Boroihme's arms to fly the land, They hid their ravish'd plunder in the sand ; Where long committed to the faithful earth. Ten centuries have yet denied them birth ; And yet uncertain lies the shining ore, Condemn'd, perhaps, to see the sun no more.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 167

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies Annagh, once a green island ringed by a deep morass. The flocks that grazed on its grass were kept safe by that surrounding bog. A mighty bulwark stood on the border to guard the passage through the miry flood. There was only one way in, a long and trembling causeway of yielding wattles spread on sinking clay. It reached far from any solid shore. The causeway defied the heavy cannon's distant roar. The cannon bolts fell too low and never hurt the ramparts with one feeble blow. So the island held firm behind its morass and its wall of wattles. What you pass now gives no sign of the cannon that once could not touch it, nor of the flocks that once bounded high on its grass. The deep morass and the wattle causeway are the story the old record keeps, and they belong to this place.

33. Archbishop Boyle buried at St. Patrick's Cathedral

    near Saint Patrick's Cathedral · ecclesiastical site · Dublin · 1702

    Archbishop Michael Boyle died in Dublin in December 1702 and was buried at midnight under the altar in St. Patrick's Cathedral without funeral pomp. A monument in the church was later erected in his memory by his son.

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    pfiice of Lord High Chancellor. Weighed down with infirmities, he departed this life at Dublin, loth December, 1702, and was buried at midnight, without any funeral pomp, under the altar in St. Patrick's Cathedral, the Chancellor, the Rev. Dr. John Steame, afterwards bishop of Clogher, performing the last office, in the absence of the Dean. This prelate built the town of Blessington, and endowed it with a parish church and steeple, with a pieal of six musical bells. From this town his son and heir, Morrough Boyle, took the title of Viscount Blessington, being created during his father's lifetime, 23rd August, 1675. This title became extinct, his grandson dying without male issue. There is a monument in this church in memory of the archbishop, erected by his son.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 251

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Saint Patrick's Cathedral, Archbishop Michael Boyle was buried in December 1702. Weighed down with infirmities, he died in Dublin on the 10th of that month. He was laid to rest at midnight, without funeral pomp, under the altar. The last office was performed by the Chancellor, the Reverend Dr. John Steame, afterwards Bishop of Clogher, in the absence of the Dean. This prelate built the town of Blessington, endowing it with a parish church and steeple, with a peal of six musical bells. His son and heir, Morrough Boyle, took the title of Viscount Blessington, created during his father's lifetime, 23rd August, 1675. The title became extinct, his grandson dying without male issue. A monument in this church in memory of the archbishop was erected by his son.

34. Ballybeg Augustinian monastery founded 1237

    Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1237

    An Augustinian monastery at Ballybeg was founded in 1237 and dedicated to St. Thomas by Philip de Barry, endowed by his son David. Its lands contained 2,060 Irish acres, valued at £60/year in 1622 with tithes worth £200 more. The steeple with chime of bells and east window of the chancel still survive, along with a detached tower to the south-west.

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    road from Cork to Limerick runs through it^^s) Near Kilmaclenine, two miles south-west of Buttevant, there is a pit of good yellow ochre, Ballvbeg "^^^ ^^^ painting. At Ballybeg, on the other side of the river, a small walk from Buttevant, was a monastery of Augustinians, founded anno 1237, and dedicated to St Thomas by Philip de Barry, being endowed by his son David, who founded the friary of Buttevant before-mentioned ; this house and its revenues were granted to Sir Daniel Norton, knight, in trust for the Lady Norris, wife of Sir Thomas Norris, lord president of Munster, and mother to the Lady Jephson, wife of Sir John Jephson, who passed a patent for the same. The lands belonging to this abbey contained 2,060 Irish acres, and by* a valuation taken in 1622 were only worth £60 a-year ; at the same time the tithes and glebes belonging to it were valued at ;^200 per annum more. Some part of the building, particularly the steeple, which was a strong structure, and the east window of the chancel, have outlived the injuries of time. By the holes which remain in the vaulted roof of the steeple there were here a chime of bells. The traces of the foundation, and a high tower detached a considerable way to the southwest, once a part of this fabric, show it to have been a very large and magnificent structure.

    Then did religion in a lazy cell,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 166

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stood a monastery of Augustinians, founded in 1237 and dedicated to St. Thomas by Philip de Barry. His son David endowed it, the same David who founded the friary at Buttevant. A small walk from Buttevant, on the other side of the river, was where this house stood. In time the house and its revenues were granted to Sir Daniel Norton, a knight, in trust for the Lady Norris. She was wife to Sir Thomas Norris, lord president of Munster, and mother to the Lady Jephson, wife of Sir John Jephson, who passed a patent for the same. The lands belonging to this abbey contained 2,060 Irish acres. A valuation taken in 1622 put them at only 60 pounds a year. At the same time the tithes and glebes were valued at 200 pounds per annum more. Some part of the building has outlived the injuries of time, particularly the steeple, which was a strong structure, and the east window of the chancel. By the holes remaining in the vaulted roof of the steeple, there were here a chime of bells. The traces of the foundation, and a high tower detached a considerable way to the south-west, once a part of this fabric, show it to have been a very large and magnificent structure.

35. Battle of Beallagh Leachta near Macroom

    Macroom · town · Cork

    According to an ancient Irish chronicle, Brien Boruma sent a herald to challenge Miles Mac Broin, chief of the Mahonys and king of Oneachach, to a pitched battle on the plains of Beallagh Leachta near Macroom, to avenge the murder of his brother Mahon by O'Donovan Mac Cahill. The battle was fiercely fought, with O'Mahony's forces including 1,500 Danes, most of whom were slain.

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    (30) According to an ancient Irish chronicle which relates the actions of Brien Boruma, king of Munster, that prince, in the second year of his reign, sent a herald to challenge Miles Mac Broin, who was chief of the Mahonys and king of Oneachach (a part of S. Carbery), to fight him in a pitched battle in the plains of Beallagh Leachta, !>., "the road of St. Leachta," the patron of Donoughmore, which was near Macroomp, in order to seek revenge for the death of his brother, Mahon, who was murdered by O'Donovan Mac Cahill, chief of that sept, and a dependant on O'Mahony. The king of Carbery accepted the challenge, and, besides his and O' Donovan's forces, brought 1,500 Danes to assist him. The battle was furiously fought on both sides ; but Brien and his forces being superior in number, broke through the enemy, and made a great slaughter, most of the Danes being slain. Keating also mentions this battle, Book II., p. 81.

    The like stones have often been erected to perpetuate the memory of singular actions in those early ages, both on a civil and religious account, and sometimes as trophies of a victory, as those mentioned by Plutarch, which were first of wood, that they might soon consume ; and those it was prohibited to renew, lest the remembrance of ancient quarrels should be perpetuated. ,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 97

    As the companion tells it

    Macroom in Cork is the town the old chronicle places beside the plains of Beallagh Leachta, the road of Saint Leachta, patron of Donoughmore. An ancient Irish chronicle relates the actions of Brien Boruma, king of Munster. In the second year of his reign, Brien sent a herald to challenge Miles Mac Broin, chief of the Mahonys and king of Oneachach, a part of South Carbery, to a pitched battle on those plains. Brien sought revenge for the death of his brother Mahon, who was murdered by O'Donovan Mac Cahill, chief of that sept and a dependant on O'Mahony. The king of Carbery accepted the challenge. Besides his own and O'Donovan's forces, he brought 1,500 Danes to assist him. The battle was furiously fought on both sides. Brien and his forces, being superior in number, broke through the enemy and made a great slaughter, most of the Danes being slain. Keating also mentions this battle, in Book II, page 81. The like stones have often been erected to perpetuate the memory of singular actions in those early ages, both on a civil and religious account, and sometimes as trophies of a victory, as those mentioned by Plutarch, which were first of wood, that they might soon consume. Those it was prohibited to renew, lest the remembrance of ancient quarrels should be perpetuated.

36. Bishop's library lost at sea after shipping from Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1641

    On the outbreak of the 1641 rebellion, a bishop fled to England, and his magnificent library of books and manuscripts was shipped from Cork. However, the entire collection was lost on the passage to Minehead.

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    On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1641 he fled to England, and on the 27th of December in that year he landed at Milford. On his journey he was arrested at Tenby, not having a pass, and detained in prison for seven weeks, but was finallv released by Sir Hugh Owens. His magnificent library of choice books and manuscripts, which were shipped from Cork, were all lost on the passage at Minehead. He was most anxious to make some exchange for even a poorer bishopric in England, and made frequent applications to Archbishop Laud, but without any effect. He was a prelate of great learning, well versed in scholastic and casuistical divinity, a close and subtle disputant, and much prais^ for his discretion. He died at Derby on Whit Sunday, 1649, and was buried at Bilsthorpe, in Nottinghamshire.

    There is a handsome marble monument erected in the church there, setting forth his birth,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 250

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Cork, this city carries a story from 1641. When the rebellion broke out that year, a bishop fled to England. He landed at Milford on the 27th of December. He was arrested at Tenby for not having a pass and held in prison for seven weeks, until Sir Hugh Owens finally released him. His magnificent library of choice books and manuscripts was shipped from Cork, and the whole collection was lost on the passage to Minehead. He was anxious to make some exchange for even a poorer bishopric in England and made frequent applications to Archbishop Laud, but without any effect. He was a prelate of great learning, well versed in scholastic and casuistical divinity, a close and subtle disputant, and much praised for his discretion. He died at Derby on Whit Sunday, 1649, and was buried at Bilsthorpe in Nottinghamshire.

37. Blarney Castle: stronghold, painting, and estate

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1602–1746

    Blarney Castle, seated on a rock with walls eighteen feet thick, was a major fortress in Munster and greatly annoyed Cork in the war of 1641 until taken by Lord Broghill in 1646. In 1602 Cormac Mac Dermot Carty was obliged to surrender it; the castle later came to the Jeffrys family, who brought an original full-length painting of Charles XII of Sweden. The estate includes a fine park, gardens, a lake of about thirty acres, and a bridge over the Blarney river.

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    Cork, and greatly annoyed that city in the war of 164 1, until it was taken by Roger Earl of Orrery /»3) then Lord Broghill, in 1646. In Queen Elizabeth's time it was reckoned one of the strongest fortresses in Munster. The author of Pacata Hibemia^ p. 351, describes it to be composed of four large piles joined in one, which shows that it was formerly much larger than at present. It is seated upon a main rock, that secured it from mining ; the walls are eighteen feet thick, and it was likewise flanked with bastions. Anno 1602, Cormac Mac Dermot Carty was accused of a treasonable correspondence with the Irish rebels, and obliged to deliver up this castle to Captain Taafe for the Queen's use. This Cormac was a very powerful person, being able to raise 1,000 men at a call. He also possessed the castles of Kilcrea and Macroomp ; the former he gave up to the Lord President Carew, being then his prisoner, but escaped out of his hands soon after. This castle Is seated upon an eminence, with a river running beneath it, and, on the other side is a fine lake of about thirty acres, abounding with great quantities of godd leeches. In the castle, which is in very good repair, is an original painting, at full length, of Charles XII. king of Sweden, brought hither by the late James Jeffrys, esq., envoy to that monarch, whose father, Sir James Jeffrys, purchased this estate from the crown. This monarch is drawn in the dress M. Voltaire describes, and the painting seems to be very well executed. Adjoining to the castle, is a fine park, sweetly wooded, and well watered ; also, a fair bridge over Blarney river. The gardens of the castle are well laid out, and kept in good order.

    The lands about Blarney are mostly under com, pasture, and dairies occupy the greater part of the adjacent country. The soil is a yellowish clay, which they manure mostly with lime. Plants growing near the lough were — water-hoarhound, water-cinquefoil, angelica sylvestris, peri-

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 94

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Blarney Castle, one of the strongest fortresses in Munster in Queen Elizabeth's time. It is seated upon a main rock, which secured it from mining, and its walls are eighteen feet thick. It was flanked with bastions. The castle was composed of four large piles joined in one, which shows it was formerly much larger than at present. In 1602, Cormac Mac Dermot Carty was accused of a treasonable correspondence with the Irish rebels, and obliged to deliver up this castle to Captain Taafe for the Queen's use. This Cormac was a very powerful person, able to raise 1,000 men at a call. He also possessed the castles of Kilcrea and Macroom. He gave up Kilcrea to the Lord President Carew, being then his prisoner, but escaped out of his hands soon after. In the war of 1641, the castle greatly annoyed the city of Cork, until it was taken by Roger, Earl of Orrery, then Lord Broghill, in 1646. The castle is seated on an eminence, with a river running beneath it. On the other side is a fine lake of about thirty acres, abounding with great quantities of good leeches. The castle is in very good repair. Inside is an original painting, at full length, of Charles 12, king of Sweden, brought here by James Jeffrys, envoy to that monarch. His father, Sir James Jeffrys, purchased this estate from the crown. The painting shows the monarch in the dress that Voltaire describes, and seems very well executed. Adjoining the castle is a fine park, sweetly wooded and well watered, with a fair bridge over the Blarney river. The gardens are well laid out and kept in good order.

38. Captured French privateer at Passage

    Passage West · town · Cork

    At Passage, one of the Duchess of Pompadour's privateers was seen being sheathed and careening. The vessel carried 32 guns and had been taken by the English, and was being prepared to cruise upon the French.

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    " I gave them a hint how they might turn the blood to much better account — viz., by " making Prussian blue for the painters, which is made from ox blood, and there is a ** manufactory carried on in Surrey, near London. I am afraid you will think me " trifling in my accounts, to send you an account of the art, trade and mystery of a " Cork butcher. There was a very considerable manufactory at Cork for hemp, wool *' and sail-cloth. The English Parliament, some years ago, gave a bounty on all sail- '* cloth made from hemp grown in this Kingdom, and manufactured here, but that " Bounty has lately been taken away, and has almost put a stop to that trade, which is " a great pity, for England pays a great deal for hemp from Riga and other Northern "parts, which might be saved if the bounty was continued, for the Co. Limerick, and " many other places, is a proper soil for hemp, but it does not answer to manufacture " it into sail-cloths, without the bounty, but I am afraid my countrymen may thank " themselves for the loss of that bounty. For I have been told, instead of growing the " hemp there, they imported large quantities from Riga, and had the profit of manu- '* facturing it, and received the bounty, as for Irish-grown hemp. How difficult it is *' to make traders honest, tho' it would in the long run turn out to their advantage and *' the benefit of their own country, a present trifling profit gets the better of the general *' public good. The Cathedral has been new built, tis now a handsom parish church, *' which the choir is turned into. There is no nave, about 5 years ago the principal " Parish Church, was indicted for a nuisance (a pretty odd circumstance to have the *' Church indicted for a nuisance), but the fact was, that the Steeple which was built " upon piles, gave way, and was 32 inches out of the perpendicular, and till indicted, " the parish would not take it down, tho' it daily endangered 3 or 4 houses, and was a " terror to every body that passed along the streets, At present the remaining part of '* the Steeple is 14 inches out of perpendicular, and the Judges sit in a Gallery, on " Sundays, directly under this Steeple. I considered myself while at Church, like an " officer placed upon a mine, where it was my duty to stay till relieved, and said my *• prayers rather more fervently than usual. The Bishop (Dr. Browne) preached. This " bishopric is worth, like the smaller ones in Ireland, about ;^2,ooo per ann. While I "was at Cork, I went down to Passage, and Cove about 6 miles from Cork, where the " grand harbour is for men-of-war, the harbour is reckoned the best belonging to Great " Britain. The passage down the river, I think much more beautiful than from London "to Greenwich, as each side of the river is bounded by hills, well cultivated and " wooded, and covered with gentlemen's and merchants' houses. At Passage I saw one "of the Dutchess of Pompadour's privateers, which was taken some time ago by the " English, She carried 32 guns and was sheathing and careening to cruise upon the " French. General Dikes, who went down with us, and who commands the two regi- " ments encamped at Corke, showed us the passes he proposed to make stands at, in " case the French came to this Kingdom, till the army can be collected which may be " done in 3 days, and when collected would amount to about 6,000 men. If they " attempt this Kingdom, tis presumed it must be hereabouts, it would be too hazardous "to come up S. George's Channel towards Dublin, and if they landed in any other "parts of this Kingdom, they would be starved, especially if they came before the " harvest is got in. I mistook when I told you, there were no natural curiosities in this " place. I went to the Assembly, the rooms of which were built for such entertain- " ments, and are very large. I thought myself in one of the long rooms in Bath, and '* was so much crowded the ladies gave the lie to my assertion, that there were no

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    Passage West, near Cork, sits about 6 miles down the river from the city, and the harbour there is reckoned the best belonging to Great Britain. The passage down the river runs between hills, well cultivated and wooded, with gentlemen's and merchants' houses on each side. When the writer visited, he saw at Passage one of the Duchess of Pompadour's privateers, which had been taken some time before by the English. She carried 32 guns, and was then being sheathed and careening, to cruise upon the French. A privateer, turned against her own side. General Dikes went down with them. He commanded the two regiments encamped at Cork, and showed them the passes he proposed to make stands at, in case the French came to this Kingdom. He reckoned the army could be collected in 3 days, and when collected would amount to about 6,000 men. If the French attempted this Kingdom, it was presumed it must be hereabouts. Coming up St George's Channel towards Dublin would be too hazardous, and if they landed in any other parts, they would be starved, especially if they came before the harvest was got in. The writer had mistaken earlier when he said there were no natural curiosities in the place. He went to the Assembly, rooms built for such entertainments, very large, and thought himself in one of the long rooms in Bath.

39. Carrigaline church described by Bishop Downes (1700)

    Carrigaline · town · Cork · 1700

    Bishop Downes visited Carrigaline church on 27 September 1700, noting it was over seventy feet long, built with stone and clay, well slated and furnished with seats. The parish school was kept in the church by the clerk, Richard Codner.

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    " Thursday, Sept. 27. I saw Carickoline church ; it is above seventy foot long ; "built with stone and clay, but the walls are pretty good; well slated and well " furnished with seats. In the church hangs the king's arms and table of marriage. "A good vestry built on the north side of the church, at the charge of the dean *'of Corke. In the vestry is a chest, where they have a vestry-book and registry "for christenings, and book of canons, acts against swearing, and common prayer- " books and bible. There is linen for the communion-table, a pewter flagon, chalice, "paten, and basin of silver, and a pewter font. The school is kept in the church, " by Rich. Codner, the clerk of the parish. A large church-yard, at least an English "acre, well fenc't, & set round with sycamores. There are five small parcels of " glebe belonging to the incumbent of this parish. Not far from the church is the " old castle of Carickoline, 'tis almost ruinous ; it formerly belonged to the family of the " Coghans, now it is the estate of Ld. Shannon. Near Douglas, in this parish, is a " burying-place in an open field ; there is still remaining the foundation of a church, "but they were carrying away the stones of the foundation. I charg'd them to carry "away no more. The field is part of Sir John Mead's, set to the potter at Douglas. " This was, about one hundred years ago, the church of Carrickoline parish, before the " new church was built, where it now is, in the centre of ye parish. In this parish also "there is another burying-place, near a village call'd Balliarban, about four miles " distant from Corke, on the left hand of the road from Cork to Carickoline ; it is in an " open field. There does not appear any foundation of a church, but the ground seems " higher about the middle of the burying-place. The Irish bury in this place some- " times. It is thought that there was a church here."

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 204

    As the companion tells it

    Carrigaline, in Cork, is where Bishop Downes came on Thursday the 27th of September 1700. He saw the church there. It was over 70 foot long, built with stone and clay, but the walls were pretty good. It was well slated and well furnished with seats. The king's arms and the table of marriage hung inside. A good vestry had been built on the north side of the church, at the charge of the dean of Cork. In the vestry was a chest holding a vestry-book and a registry for christenings, a book of canons, acts against swearing, common prayer-books, and a bible. There was linen for the communion-table, a pewter flagon, a silver chalice, paten, and basin, and a pewter font. The parish school was kept in the church by Richard Codner, the clerk of the parish. The churchyard was large, at least an English acre, well fenced and set round with sycamores. There were five small parcels of glebe belonging to the incumbent. Not far from the church stood the old castle of Carrigaline, almost ruinous. It had formerly belonged to the family of the Coghans, and was now the estate of Lord Shannon. Near Douglas, in the same parish, there was a burying-place in an open field where the foundation of an old church still remained, though people had been carrying away the stones. The bishop charged them to carry away no more. This had been, about 100 years before, the church of Carrigaline parish, before the new church was built where it now stood, in the centre of the parish. There was another burying-place near a village called Balliarban, about 4 miles from Cork, on the left hand of the road from Cork to Carrigaline, in an open field. No foundation of a church appeared there, but the ground seemed higher about the middle. The Irish buried there sometimes. It was thought that there had been a church there too.

40. Christ Church rebuilt with parliamentary coal tax

    Cork · city · Cork · 1716–1748

    Christ Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity and called the King's Chapel, was the church where the mayor, corporation and judges of assizes resorted on public festivals. The old ruinous church was taken down in 1716 and rebuilt by 1720, funded by a parliamentary tax on coal and culm brought into the city. The steeple repeatedly sank on its bad foundation and was partly taken down by 1748.

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    r-u • nu u Christ Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and Christ Church, generally called the King's Chapel, was the church to which the mayor and corporation resorted upon all public festivals, as also the judges of assizes. The old church being in a ruinous condition, the parishioners were under the necessity of taking it down in I7i6,and it was rebuilt anno 1720, the first sermon being preached therein on Sunday, the 27th November that year, by the Rev. Philip Townshend. This structure was also erected by a parliamentary tax of one shilling per ton laid on all coals and culm brought into the city, the 7th of George I. ; this act to continue in force for seven years, from the ist November, 17 19; which tax being found insuflficient to defray the expense, it was continued for eight years longer, from the ist of November, 1726, <'3> by which the steeple was at length finished ; but it being erected on a bad foundation, one side of it sank, upon which a great part of it was taken down and rebuilt ; and in the year 1748, the same angle still continuing to settle, so that the south side hung over very considerably, it was, to prevent mischief, taken down as low as to the roof of the church. The body of this church is capable of containing three thousand people, with good pews and galleries, and is all built of hewn stone. Here is early service and sacrament the fourth Sunday of every month.

    The church of St. Peter is now the oldest church standt. e er s. ^^^ j^^ ^j^^ ^j^^. jj^^ steeple is detached a considerable way

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 210

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds a church with a stubborn story. Christ Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity and generally called the King's Chapel, was the church where the mayor and corporation resorted on all public festivals, and the judges of assizes too. The old church was in a ruinous condition, and the parishioners took it down in 1716. It was rebuilt by 1720, and the first sermon was preached there on Sunday the 27th of November that year, by the Reverend Philip Townshend. The rebuilding was paid for by a parliamentary tax of one shilling per ton on all coals and culm brought into the city. The act was to continue for seven years, but the tax was found insufficient to defray the expense, so it was continued for eight years longer, from the 1st of November 1726, and by this means the steeple was at length finished. But the steeple was built on a bad foundation. One side of it sank, and a great part of it was taken down and rebuilt. In 1748 the same angle was still settling, so that the south side hung over considerably. To prevent mischief, it was taken down as low as the roof of the church. The body of the church could hold 3000 people, with good pews and galleries, all built of hewn stone.

41. Defeat of rebels at Tara Hill, county Meath

    near Tara · hill or hills · Meath · 1798

    On 26 May 1798, a force of 400 men including three troops of yeomen under Lord Fingal and Captain Preston, with Upper Kells Infantry under Captain Molloy, attacked 4,000 rebels at Tara Hill and utterly defeated them.

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    26th May. A force of 400 men, including three troops of yeomen under Lord Fingal and Captain Preston (Navan Cavalry), with Upper Kells Infantry under Captain MoUoy, attacked 4,000 rebels at Tara Hill, county Meath, and utterly defeated them.

    26th May. The Camolin Cavalry, under Lieutenant Bookey, were defeated by Father John Murphy at Harrow, county Wexford. Lieutenant Bookey was killed.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 284

    As the companion tells it

    Tara, in county Meath, is the hill where, on 26 May 1798, a force of 400 men attacked 4,000 rebels and utterly defeated them. The 400 included three troops of yeomen under Lord Fingal and Captain Preston of the Navan Cavalry, with Upper Kells Infantry under Captain Molloy.

42. Defence of Castlecomer, Kilkenny

    Castlecomer · town · Kilkenny · 1798

    On 24 June 1798, the garrison at Castlecomer under Captain Butler, partly composed of yeomanry including the Fassaghdineen and Cullinagh Cavalry and Cullinagh Infantry, made a gallant defence. They were relieved by troops from Kilkenny and the town was evacuated.

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    24th June. Gallant defence of Castlecomer, county Kilkenny. The garrison under Captain Butler was partly composed of yeomanry, viz. : — The Fassaghdineen and CuUinagh Cavalry, and the CuUinagh Infantry. They were relieved by troops from Kilkenny, and the town evacuated.

    25th June. Successful defence of Hacketstown, county Carlow. The garrison was principally composed of yeomanry, under Captain Hardy, viz. : — The Hacketstown Infantry, Captain Hardy, Captain Chamney's Infantry, the Talbotstown Cavalry, and Shillelah Cavalry. The rebels under the two Byrnes of Ballymanus were defeated with a loss of about 350 men.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

    As the companion tells it

    Castlecomer, in Kilkenny, saw a gallant defence on the 24th of June, 1798. The garrison was under Captain Butler and was partly composed of yeomanry: the Fassaghdineen and Cullinagh Cavalry, and the Cullinagh Infantry. They were relieved by troops from Kilkenny, and the town was evacuated.

43. Dominican Friary founded at north end of Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1271

    A house for Friars Preachers (Dominicans) was founded at the north end of Youghal by Thomas Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald. Friar Clin's annals record that the friars seated themselves there in 1271. After the dissolution, the property passed through several hands including Sir Walter Raleigh, who sold it to the Earl of Cork.

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    The religious houses founded in this town were two ; one at the north and the other at the south end of the town. That on the N. was founded an. 1628, by Thomas Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald, for Friars- ^^^* Preachers, who, according to Friar Clin (in his annals), seated themselves there on the Sth of the Cal. of August, 1271. This house upon the dissolution was granted, first, to William Welsh, afterwards to John Thickpenny, for a term of years, and then to Sir Walter Raleigh^'*"^ in fee-farm, who sold it to the Earl of Cork.

    The fourth abbey was founded by Maurice Fitz-Gerald in the year 1231 ; or, according to HoUinshead, in 1229 ; and was in 1460 reformed to Observant Friars, being before that time conventuals of the Franciscan order. The occasion of its establishment is said to be thus: — This Maurice was building a castle in the town, and while they were at work

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Youghal, this town once held a Dominican friary at its north end. Thomas Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded the house for Friars Preachers, and according to Friar Clin in his annals, the friars seated themselves there in 1271. After the dissolution, the property changed hands several times. It was granted first to William Welsh, then to John Thickpenny for a term of years, and then to Sir Walter Raleigh in fee-farm. Raleigh went on to sell it to the Earl of Cork. A religious community that had stood since the thirteenth century ended as property traded among powerful men, the friars long gone from the place they had first settled on the eighth of the calends of August.

44. Doneraile castle ruins and presidency court

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1645

    To the north-east of Doneraile church stand the ruins of a castle where Sir William St. Leger kept his presidency court, with a fine house and noble park adjoining. The house was burnt down by the Irish in 1645.

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    This church is lightsome and very neatly pewed. To the north-east stands a small grove ; and near it are the ruins of the castle where the above-mentioned Sir William St. Leger <8> kept his presidency court, and had a fine house and noble park adjoining ; but the house was burnt down by the Irish, anno 1645.

    (8) Abstract of a parchment roll, containing the genealogy of the family of St Leger, anciently of Ulcomb, in the county of Kent, of Amery and Eggesford, in the county of Devon, and Doneraile, in this county, as far as is mentioned since their coming into Ireland, collected by Laurence Cromp, York herald.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 175

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Doneraile, the ruins of a castle stand near a small grove, north-east of the church. This was where Sir William St. Leger kept his presidency court. He had a fine house there, with a noble park adjoining. The house was burnt down by the Irish in 1645. A parchment roll holds the genealogy of the St. Leger family, who came from Kent and Devon to Doneraile, collected by Laurence Cromp, York herald.

45. Glanworth Dominican abbey and Roche castle

    Glanworth · town · Cork · 1227

    Glanworth, meaning 'the golden glen', was anciently a corporation but is now a decayed village. It contains a Dominican abbey founded by the Roches in 1227 and the ruins of a castle built by the Flemings and later possessed by the Lords Roche.

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    Glanor, i,e,^ " the golden glen ;" it was anciently a corporation, but is now a small decayed village. Here was an abbey of Dominicans or Friars Preachers, founded by the Roches in the year 1227 of which the nave of the church, with a low steeple, remains.

    Near this abbey, on the verge of the Puncheon river, is a fine spring, bubbling out of a limestone rock, of limpid water, held in great esteem as a holy well by the superstitious Irish ; it is dedicated to St. Dominick, and visited on his festival. Over the well is a large old tree, on the boughs of which an infinite number of rags, of all colours, are tied, as memorials of their devotion to this water, which, they affirm, has performed several miraculous cures. Here are the magnificent ruins of a sumptuous castle, built by the Flemings, and afterwards possessed by the Lords Roche, which consisted of several buildings and a large high tower, all strongly erected on arched vaults, and built of very massy stones. Our modern buildings may boast of regular columns of Greek and Roman architecture, but to raise such ponderous structures as these would, in the present age, require an infinite expense. This castle is environed with a strong wall, flanked with turrets ; near it is a stone bridge over the Funcheon. Glanworth had formerly the name of the "golden prebend," partly from its value, and partly from the goodness of the soil. The parish church was lately rebuilt.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 179

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Glanworth, a place whose name means the golden glen. It was anciently a corporation, but is now a small decayed village. In the year 1227 the Roches founded an abbey of Dominicans, or Friars Preachers, here. The nave of the church remains, with a low steeple. Near the abbey, on the verge of the Funcheon river, a fine spring bubbles out of a limestone rock. The water is limpid and held in great esteem as a holy well, dedicated to St. Dominick and visited on his festival. Over the well stands a large old tree, and on its boughs an infinite number of rags of all colours are tied, as memorials of devotion to this water. It is affirmed that the well has performed several miraculous cures. Here also are the magnificent ruins of a sumptuous castle, built by the Flemings and afterwards possessed by the Lords Roche. It consisted of several buildings and a large high tower, all strongly erected on arched vaults and built of massy stones. To raise such ponderous structures would, in the present age, require an infinite expense. The castle is environed with a strong wall flanked with turrets. Near it is a stone bridge over the Funcheon. Glanworth had formerly the name of the golden prebend, partly from its value and partly from the goodness of the soil.

46. Great flood of Cork, March 1727

    Cork · city · Cork · 1727

    On 14 March 1727 one of the greatest known inundations struck Cork, rising one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays after a south-east storm and full moon. Inhabitants sometimes had to pass from house to house in boats.

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    little expense, the general freight for one of these lighters being small they carry about thirty tons, and being built so as to draw little water, are loaded at the cellar doors, which saves the charge of porterage in a great measure. The principal ones are the Custom House Quay, Cold Harbour, and the adjacent canal, the quay to the south of the Rape Marsh, the' Coal Quay or Ferry Quay, Kyrle's Quay, the North Quay, etc., all frequented by vessels, besides many others, only by boats, whose names are expressed on the map of this city. Floods, attended with spring tides, sometimes do great damage to the merchants, whose warehouses lie low for the conveniency of shipping off their commodities. The inhabitants, upon great inundations,'have sometimes been obliged to pass from house to house in boats, in the very middle of the high street. These floods happen but seldom, yet they who dwell on the quays prepare for them every winter, by providing materials to stop up the doors of their cellars ; these high tides are mostly about the equinoxes. On the 14th of March, 1727, happened one of the greatest inundations in this city known before that time ; it was one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays ; it blew a storm all the night before strongly at south-east, and was full moon that day. Another very high tide that overflowed the quays, and filled all the cellars, was at the time of the autumnal equinox, viz., in September, 1745, which did also very considerable mischief. But one much higher than these happened on the 28th and 29th of January, 1749-50, when most the city was overflown, the water being four feet deep in the houses on Dunscombe's Marsh, and three in the middle of the city, which inundation did incredible damage to the merchants. This flood was preceded by an aurora borealis^ that happened on the 21st in the evening, and continued about an hour ; it extended from east to west over the heart of the city, tinged with so deep a scarlet, that, at a distance, the town seemed to be in flames ; during which time it moved in a compact body from north to south with a very slow rriotion.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds a memory of water as you pass through it. On the 14th of March 1727, one of the greatest inundations known in this city struck. The water rose one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays. It blew a storm all the night before, strongly at south-east, and it was full moon that day. The inhabitants, upon great inundations, were sometimes obliged to pass from house to house in boats, in the very middle of the high street. Floods with spring tides sometimes did great damage to merchants, whose warehouses stood low for the convenience of shipping. Those who dwelt on the quays prepared every winter, providing materials to stop up their cellar doors. The high tides came mostly about the equinoxes. The quays were always busy with vessels and boats. Lighters carried about thirty tons, drew little water, and were loaded at the cellar doors, saving the charge of porterage. Another high tide overflowed the quays and filled all the cellars in September 1745, at the autumnal equinox, doing considerable mischief. But one much higher happened on the 28th and 29th of January 1749-50, when most of the city was overflown. The water was four feet deep in the houses on Dunscombe's Marsh and three feet in the middle of the city, doing incredible damage to the merchants.

47. Hackett executed at Cork for guiding corsairs to Baltimore

    Cork · city · Cork

    John Hackett, the skipper who acted as guide and pilot for the Turkish corsairs during the Baltimore raid, was tried, condemned, and executed at Cork for his role in the affair.

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    " Hackett was tried, condemned, and executed at Cork for the part he took in this affair, as he acted as guide and pilot.

    " The account of this ' Insolency of the Turk at Baltimore ' is attested by the sovereign, burgesses, and Sir Samuel Crooke, baronet"

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 150

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this is the city where John Hackett was tried, condemned, and executed. He was the skipper who acted as guide and pilot for the Turkish corsairs during the Baltimore raid. The account of this affair is attested by the sovereign, burgesses, and Sir Samuel Crooke, baronet.

48. Inishannon ancient walls and castle foundations discovered

    Innishannon · town · Cork

    Innoshannon was at one time walled in and supposed to have been anciently a place of some note. The remains of foundations of several castles and other large buildings were discovered in and around its present area.

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    " Innoshannon was at one time walled in, and is supposed to have been anciently a " place of some note. The supposition is substantiated by the discovery of the remains "of the foundations of several castles and other large buildings in and around its " present area. It was granted with Bandon ferry by Henry V. to Philip de Barry in " 141 2. In 1 561 a great battle was fought here between the Desmonds and the " MacCarthys ; the Desmonds were defeated after a terrible struggle. Thomas Adderley " got up a bleach-yard here for the manufacture of linen, and introduced a number of " French refugees from ist February, 1748, to ist November, 1749. There were manu- "factured here 422 pieces containing 13,886 yards of linen, principally sheeting and " diaper. In addition there were 240 pieces woven in the neighbourhood and bleached " there. At one time there were sixty-six looms at work."

    (") Shcmm-Orbasta,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 129

    As the companion tells it

    Innishannon in County Cork was once a walled town, thought to have been a place of some note in ancient times. The evidence lies in what has been found in and around its present area: the remains of foundations of several castles and other large buildings. It was granted with Bandon ferry by Henry V to Philip de Barry. A great battle was fought in the town between the Desmonds and the MacCarthys, and the Desmonds were defeated after a terrible struggle. Later, Thomas Adderley established a bleach-yard there for the manufacture of linen and brought in a number of French refugees. From the first of February 1748 to the first of November 1749, there were manufactured 422 pieces containing 13,886 yards of linen, principally sheeting and diaper. In addition, 240 pieces were woven in the neighbourhood and bleached there. At one time there were sixty-six looms at work.

49. King Henry VIII's embroidered standard given to Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    Among the ensigns of royalty restored to the Kinsale burgesses was a large standard embroidered with the arms of England, given by King Henry VIII and sent by Sir George Carew when he arrived at Kinsale before the siege of Boulogne. This symbolised the town's direct royal patronage.

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    Among other ensigns of royalty restored at this time to the burgesses there was a fair large standard, embroidered with the arms of England, given them by King Henry VIII., who sent it by Sir George Carew, the lord president's cousin-german, when he arrived at Kinsale (not long before the siege of Boulogne), being then admiral of the king's ships. After the restoration of their charter. King James I. gave them<^^ ;^20 per ann. out of the cantreds of Kinsale and Courceys, to enable them to rebuild their walls. And King Charles I. by letters-patent, dated March 13, ann. reg. 14, granted them £6 per ann. out of the lands of Drumdarig, and ;f 12 los, o}id. out of the Spittle land. The late King James also gave them a new charter, dated at Dublin, 2Sth of February (fourth regn.), before his abdication, and enrolled May 4th, 1688. This town is now governed by a sovereign, with an unlimited number of burgesses, who form a common council ; these, together with the freemen, elect the sovereign, the city oflScers, and return two members to parliament. Besides a handsome salary, the sovereign has an allowance for entertainments, etc.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now through Kinsale, down in Cork. This town held direct royal patronage going back centuries. Among the ensigns of royalty restored to the burgesses here was a fair large standard, embroidered with the arms of England, given to them by King Henry VIII. He sent it by Sir George Carew, the lord president's cousin-german, when he arrived at Kinsale, not long before the siege of Boulogne, being then admiral of the king's ships. After the restoration of their charter, King James I gave them 20 pounds per annum out of the cantreds of Kinsale and Courceys, to enable them to rebuild their walls. King Charles I, by letters-patent dated March 13 in the 14th year of his reign, granted them 6 pounds per annum out of the lands of Drumdarig, and 12 pounds, 15 shillings and 6 pence out of the Spittle land. King James II also gave them a new charter, dated at Dublin, the 28th of February in his fourth regnal year, before his abdication, and enrolled May 4, 1688.

50. Linen industry boom in Dunmanway under Sir Richard Cox

    Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1735–1749

    Sir Richard Cox promoted the linen industry in Dunmanway, leading to a rapid increase in houses, inhabitants, and spinning wheels between 1735 and 1749. In 1735, many of the town's houses were either uninhabited or occupied by beggars and idle poor.

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    Sir Richard also gave premiums to the apprentices and journeymen, and to the girls of the spinning school, according to their merits. Those who bought and sold the greatest quantity of linen cloth manufactured in this county at the fair of this place had premiums also ; and so greatly has this manufacture increased since its first settlement in this country but a very few years ago, that, in 1748, there were, by a moderate computation, 400 hogsheads of flax seed sown on this side of the county. But its effects will still appear in a stronger light from the increase of the number of houses and inhabitants in Dunmanway. In 1735 there were not more than 50 very indifferent houses, 12 not inhabited, or by beggars only, and 30 by people who were, for the most part, poor and idle for want of employment. In May, 1747, there were 87 houses, which con-

    <4) MSS. Sir Richard Cox.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 138

    As the companion tells it

    Dunmanway is a town the road passes through or near. Sir Richard Cox turned it toward linen. He gave premiums to apprentices and journeymen, and to the girls of the spinning school, according to their merits. Those who bought and sold the greatest quantity of linen cloth manufactured in this county at the fair of this place had premiums too. The manufacture had increased greatly since its first settlement a few years before. In 1748, by a moderate computation, 400 hogsheads of flax seed were sown on this side of the county. The change shows in the houses and inhabitants. In 1735 there were not more than 50 very indifferent houses, 12 not inhabited or by beggars only, and 30 by people who were for the most part poor and idle for want of employment. By May 1747 there were 87 houses.

51. Liscaroll and Welchestoun surrender to Castlehaven

    Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1645

    Liscaroll and Welchestoun castles surrendered to the Earl of Castlehaven on 16 May 1645. Captain Reymond, having lost Liscaroll, obtained a pass and went to England to account for his behaviour, where he was condemned to die for delivering up the castle.

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    " 16 May, 1645. Liscaroll and Welchestoun surrendered to £. of Castlehaven " this day.

    "18 May. Anagh was taken, and no quarter given ; the Ld. Castleconnell " induced them to surrender upon promise of quarter ; but Castlehaven asked if his " men's swords were sharp, and, causing them to be stripped, made his men to run " them through ; after this he marched and besieged Youghal, boasting he would put all " to the sword.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 171

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Liscarroll saw two castles fall on 16 May 1645. Liscaroll and Welchestoun surrendered to the Earl of Castlehaven that day. Captain Reymond, having lost Liscaroll, obtained a pass and went to England to account for his behaviour. He was condemned to die for delivering up the castle.

52. Lord Forbes's regiment slain in Clonakilty streets, 1642

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1642

    In 1642, two full companies of Lord Forbes's regiment were killed by the Irish in the streets of Clonakilty, while a third company of Bandonians retreated to an old fort on the highway to Ross and held it until relief arrived from Rathbarry, after which they killed above 600 of the Irish.

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    At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, anno i64i,the charter and other records of this borough were saved by Mr. Walter Bird,^'> who, at the hazard of his life, escaped with them to Bandon. In the streets of this place,^3) two full companies of Lord Forbes's regiment were slain by the Irish in 1642, and the thii-d company, being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile, to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they also maintained till the rest of the regiment, then at Rathbarry, came to their relief, and then they all fell upon the Irish, and killed above 600 of them. This town flourished greatly before the wars of 164 1, but being then entirely burned down, it has since but slowly recovered. At present it belongs to the Right Hon. Henry Boyle, and begins again to thrive by means of the linen trade. About a mile to the north-east of this place, on the lands of Temple-Brien, are the remains of an ancient heathen temple, which I shall give a particular description of in another place.

    Six miles north from Cloghnakilty is Iniskeen, a village

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Clonakilty in Cork, this town carries a violent chapter from the Irish rebellion. When the rebellion broke out, Walter Bird saved the charter and records of the borough, escaping with them to Bandon at the hazard of his life. In 1642, in the streets of this place, two full companies of Lord Forbes's regiment were slain by the Irish. A third company, being Bandonians, made good their retreat a full mile to an old fort in the highway to Ross, which they maintained until the rest of the regiment, then at Rathbarry, came to their relief. Then they all fell upon the Irish and killed above 600 of them. The town flourished greatly before the wars, but being entirely burned down, it has since but slowly recovered. At present it belongs to Henry Boyle and begins again to thrive by means of the linen trade.

53. Military review at Bandon Bridge, 1622

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1622

    On 30 August 1622, His Majesty's commissioners reviewed at Bandon Bridge a troop of 66 horse and 564 foot, all well armed and trained, drawn from English tenants holding leases for 200 years on Fane Beecher's former seigniory under the Earl of Cork.

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    The grants in the counties of Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford were also very great. Some of the undertakers encroaching upon the loyal Irish, a proclamation was issued to restrain them. In the year 1602, Sir Richard Boyle purchased all Sir Walter Raleigh's grants ; (^> and not only those, but also a great part of Beecher's seigniory, on which he built the town of Bandon ; and so stocked and planted the country with English that, on the 30th of August, 161 1, there were reviewed at Tallow, by Sir Richard Morrison, Knight, Vice-president of Munster, and the other commissioners authorized for that purpose, a troop of 80 horse, mostly gentlemen and freeholders, completely armed, besides 186 pikemen, 356 armed with shot, 6 halberts, besides drums, trumpets, etc. — in all 550 — being English tenants planted on the seigniories granted to Sir Walter Raleigh, by Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork.^^»> And, on the 30th of August, 1622, there were reviewed before His Majesty's commissioners, at Bandon Bridge, being part of the seigniory granted to Fane Beecher, Esq., a troop of 66 horse, well armed and mounted, commanded by Captain Andrew Kettleby, and 564 foot, well armed and

    (58) Page 44.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon is a town the road takes you through. It was built by Richard Boyle, who later became the Earl of Cork, on part of a seigniory granted to Fane Beecher. Boyle had bought up Sir Walter Raleigh's grants in 1602 and also a great part of Beecher's land. He planted the country so thoroughly with English tenants that within a generation they could muster a small army. On the 30th of August, 1622, His Majesty's commissioners came to Bandon Bridge and held a review. What they found was a troop of 66 horse, well armed and well mounted, commanded by Captain Andrew Kettleby. Alongside them stood 564 foot soldiers, well armed. Every one of them was an English tenant, holding leases for 200 years on Beecher's former seigniory, planted there by Boyle. There had been an earlier review too, eleven years before at Tallow, where Sir Richard Morrison, Vice-president of Munster, inspected 550 men drawn from Raleigh's old seigniories. But by 1622, Boyle had made Bandon the place to see what planting could do.

54. Monkstown Castle built for tenpence by Anastatia Gould

    Monkstown · townland · Cork

    A tradition recorded in a footnote states that Anastatia Gould built Monkstown Castle for tenpence while her husband served in the army of Philip of Spain. She opened a cooperative store, monopolized necessaries for the workmen, and by economical management her profits covered nearly the entire cost.

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    (3) A tradition still lingers in Monkstown that the castle was built for tenpence by Anastatia Gould, in the absence of her husband, who was in the army of Philip of Spain. With a strong affection for him she resolved to prepare a surprise for him upon his return home, by presenting him with a lordly mansion. This she did by opening a co-operative store, and so monopolizing the necessaries of life used by the workmen that, by economical management and frugal dealing, her profits were so substantial that when her books were balanced, and the castle built, there was only tenpence at the debit side of the account.

    16

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere near here stands Monkstown Castle, which tradition says was built for tenpence by Anastatia Gould. Her husband was away, serving in the army of Philip of Spain. She loved him and resolved to surprise him on his return with a lordly mansion. She opened a cooperative store and monopolized the necessaries used by the workmen. Through economical management and frugal dealing, her profits were so substantial that when her books were balanced and the castle built, there was only tenpence at the debit side of the account.

55. Pilgrimage to St. Gobnate's cross and well at Ballyvourney

    Ballyvourney · parish · Cork

    Pilgrims crawled on their knees around a stone cross dedicated to St. Gobnate at Ballyvourney, tying handkerchiefs about its neck to ward off disease. A nearby well and a circular stone foundation, possibly a round tower base, showed paths worn by devotees' knees.

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    (which are only the more simple and ruder Irish) go round it on their knees and repeat a certain number of prayers. They also tie their handkerchiefs, &c., about its neck, which they imagine will preserve them from several diseases. Near this cross is a stone fixed in the ground, and worn by the knees of those who come here in pilgrimage, and adjacent is a well dedicated to this saint The water is pure, soft, and light. A little to the north of this well is a circle of stones, about two feet high and about nine feet in diameter, which seems to be the foundation of one of the small round towers placed in churchyards. Round this and the well there are paths worn by the knees of the devotees. The image is kept in a chest very private, and never exposed but upon festival days, and when it is carried to sick people. When I was there the person who had charge of it told me it was carried into Iveleary, an adjacent wild tract, to be sworn upon. This church ^*^> is seated on a small green spot on the side of a hill, from whence is a fine view of the Kerry mountains, which, like an immense wall, are ranged several miles from north to south, and divide both counties. They are mostly rude naked rocks, of a prodigious height, being worn into numberless furrows by the torrents which, for so. many ages, have been flowing down tl\eir sides.

    Sola jugis habitat diris, sedesq ; tuetur

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyvourney in Cork is a parish the road passes through, and pilgrims have long come here for St. Gobnate. There is a stone cross dedicated to her, and the simpler and ruder Irish, as the book calls them, go round it on their knees and repeat a certain number of prayers. They tie their handkerchiefs about its neck, which they believe will preserve them from several diseases. Near the cross is a stone fixed in the ground, worn by the knees of those who come here on pilgrimage. Adjacent is a well dedicated to the saint. The water is pure, soft, and light. A little to the north of this well is a circle of stones, about 2 feet high and about 9 feet across, which seems to be the foundation of one of the small round towers placed in churchyards. Round this and the well there are paths worn by the knees of devotees. An image of the saint is kept in a chest, very private, and never exposed but on festival days and when it is carried to sick people. When the writer was there, the person who had charge of it said it had been carried into Iveleary, an adjacent wild tract, to be sworn upon. The church sits on a small green spot on the side of a hill, from which there is a fine view of the Kerry mountains, ranged several miles from north to south, dividing both counties. They are mostly rude naked rocks of great height, worn into numberless furrows by the torrents that have flowed down their sides for so many ages.

56. Ribbonmen raid Carker House for arms near Doneraile

    Carker · townland · Cork · 1823

    In spring 1823 the residence of Nicholas Greene Evans at Carker, near Doneraile, was entered by disguised Ribbonmen while the family was at dinner. The butler was in collusion and admitted them. The captain took two old yeomanry muskets and a new double-barrel gun, then left without further damage.

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    " Ireland was in a very unsettled condition in 1823. One evening in the spring of the year the residence of Nicholas Greene Evans, Esqr., Carker, near Doneraile, was entered while the family were at dinner, at four o'clock, at which early hour they dined, so as to allow all the premises to be closed before dark. The butler was evidently in collusion with the * Ribbonmen,' and admitted them. The captain of the party (who were all disguised) entered the dining-room saying : • Mr. Evans, we have come for the arms; we know where they are, you need not disturb yourself;* saying which, he placed two men as sentries at the door while he went to the room where the guns were kept, from which he took two old yeomanry muskets and a new doublebarrel gun belonging to one of Mr. Evans' sons who was in the army. They left the place without doing any further damage.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 300

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Carker, near Doneraile. In the spring of 1823, Ireland was unsettled, and one evening the residence of Nicholas Greene Evans was entered while the family sat at dinner at four o'clock — they dined early, so all the premises could be closed before dark. The butler was in collusion with the Ribbonmen and admitted them. The men were all disguised. Their captain walked into the dining-room and said, "Mr. Evans, we have come for the arms; we know where they are, you need not disturb yourself." He placed two men as sentries at the door and went to the room where the guns were kept. He took two old yeomanry muskets and a new double-barrel gun belonging to one of Mr. Evans' sons, who was in the army. They left the place without doing any further damage.

57. Ruin of Barryscourt Castle, seat of the Barrymores

    near Barryscourt · street · Cork

    Half a mile south of the Earl of Barrymore's former seat stands the ruined castle of Barry's Court, which gave the title of baron to the earls of Barrymore. The castle is located near the passage into the Great Island in Cork harbour. The surrounding seat was formerly occupied by Lord Buttevant and later by Mr. Grady.

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    Cork harbour, the Great Island, etc. It was some time since a seat of the late Earl of Barrymore, when Lord Buttevant, and is now occupied by Mr. Grady ; and half a mile to the S. is the ruin of the castle of Barry's Court, which gave title of baron to the earls of Barrymore. 1 1 H ^^^^ ^^^^ castle is the passage into the Great Island, ^^ reat s an ^^^lled formerly the Island of Barrymore, from its belonging to that family. As a defence to this passage,<7) the only one by which the island can be entered at low water, stands Bellvelly Castle, ^^> built by one of the Hodnet family, formerly a very potent sept in this country. On an escutcheon, cut in stone on the castle wall, is a bend lozengy. This island forms one side of Cork harbour, and is four

    miles long and two broad. The chief place in it is Cove, °^^" a village seven miles from Cork, built under a high steep hill, the shore on all this side of the island being bold, and the water of great depth. Opposite to this village'his Majesty's ships of war ride, and the largest vessels trading to Cork generally anchor at this place, upwards of 200 sail having been moored here often during the laie war, with sufficient room for twice as many in the bay. From Cove, the harbour's mouth seems closed by the island called Spike, lying opposite to the entrance ; so that this harbour is not unlike the fine description given by Virgil in his first ^Eneid, of a beautiful port :

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Barryscourt, the seat here was once the late Earl of Barrymore's, then Lord Buttevant's, and is now occupied by Mr. Grady. Half a mile south stands the ruin of the castle of Barry's Court, which gave the title of baron to the earls of Barrymore. Near this castle is the passage into the Great Island in Cork harbour, formerly called the Island of Barrymore, because it belonged to that family. The only way the island can be entered at low water is through this passage, and to defend it stands Bellvelly Castle, built by one of the Hodnet family, formerly a very potent sept in this country. On the castle wall there is an escutcheon cut in stone, showing a bend lozengy. The island itself is four miles long and two miles broad, and forms one side of Cork harbour. The chief place in it is Cove, a village seven miles from Cork, built under a high steep hill. The shore on this side of the island is bold, and the water is of great depth. Opposite the village, His Majesty's ships of war ride, and the largest vessels trading to Cork generally anchor there. Upwards of 200 sail have been moored here often during the late war, with room for twice as many in the bay. From Cove, the harbour's mouth seems closed by the island called Spike, lying opposite the entrance.

58. Siege of Cork by the Earl of Marlborough (1690)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690

    In September 1690, Cork's garrison of 4,500 men resisted a regular army under the Earl of Marlborough for five days before surrendering on Michaelmas Day as prisoners of war. The city's position surrounded by water and the besiegers' lack of heavy cannon prolonged the defence.

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    walls and round towers, was never a place of any considerable strength, especially since the modern method of besieging places was in use. Yet it made a resistance of five days against a regular army in September, 1690, when it was besieged by the Earl of Marlborough. The garrison, consisting of 4,500 men, surrendered on Michaelmas day, and were made prisoners of war. This strength of the garrison, the besiegers' want of heavy cannon, and the situation of the place (being surrounded by water), all contributed to make it hold out so long ; but the rising grounds on both sides so command it, that the best engineer in Europe could never make it a place of much strength.

    In the beginning of King James I.'s reign, this city rebelled, set up

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 208

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming into Cork now. Back in September 1690, the Earl of Marlborough besieged this city with a regular army. The garrison here was 4,500 men strong. Despite its walls and round towers, Cork was never a place of considerable strength. What kept it going for five days was the garrison's size, the besiegers' lack of heavy cannon, and the fact that the place is surrounded by water. Still, the rising grounds on both sides command it so completely that, as the record puts it, the best engineer in Europe could never make it a place of much strength. The garrison held out those five days and then surrendered on Michaelmas Day. They were made prisoners of war.

59. Sir Francis Drake escapes Spanish fleet at Crosshaven

    Crosshaven · town · Cork · 1589

    In 1589 Sir Francis Drake, commanding a small squadron of five ships, was chased into Cork harbour by a superior Spanish fleet. He moored his ships behind Corribiny hill at Crosshaven, and the Spaniards, unable to find them, departed without doing any harm.

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    britton is a pretty seat in this parish ; the gardens lie to the water ; it is at present occupied by Mr. Connor. Beyond it is Coole- Crosshaven "^o^^» the seat of Thomas Newenham, esq. More to the south is Crosshaven, a safe creek lying on the west side after you enter Cork harbour. Sir Francis Drake, in 1589, having a small squadron of five ships of war, was chased into this harbour by a superior fleet of Spaniards. He ran into Crosshaven, and moored his ships behind the shelter of Corribiny hill in a safe basin. The Spaniards sailed up the harbour of Cork, and were surprised not to see the ships they had just before chased into it ; thus, having missed their prey, they came out again without doing Sir Francis the least harm.

    (0 Kerrycurihy contains ten parishes, viz. : — Templebreedy, the impropriation of Monkstown, Kilmurry, Lisnadeary, part of Carigaline, Killanully, Ballyneboy, Kilpatrick, Barnehelly, and Riniskiddy, containing 53 ploughlands, and 12,994 Irish plantation acres. Kinalea is divided into nineteen parishes, viz. : — Dunderrow, Leofine, Inishannon, Templemichael, Taxaxon, Briny, Knockavilly, Ballymartle, Ballynaboy, Knocknamanaghan, Cullen, Bealfoyle, Nohavel, Kilmahonoge, Kilpatrick, part of Carigaline, Kinure, Ballyfeard, and Tracton. It contains 310 ploughlands, in which are 40,058 Irish plantation acres.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog

    As the companion tells it

    Crosshaven is a town near the water on the west side of Cork harbour, a safe creek where ships can find shelter. In 1589, Sir Francis Drake was commanding a small squadron of five ships of war. A superior fleet of Spaniards chased him into this harbour. He ran into Crosshaven and moored his ships behind the shelter of Corribiny hill, in a safe basin. The Spaniards sailed up the harbour of Cork. They were surprised not to see the ships they had just before chased into it. Having missed their prey, they came out again without doing Sir Francis the least harm.

60. Sir James Jeffreys, governor of Cork, buried at St Fin Barre's

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1694

    Sir James Jeffreys, born in Scotland, served as brigadier-general under Queen Anne and was appointed governor of Cork by King William III in 1694. He died at his seat of Blarney Castle and was buried in the cathedral church of St. Finbarry's, Cork.

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    knight, by patent dated at Cracow the 4th February, 1676, with particular additions in his armorial bearings. He was born in Scotland, retired to Ireland, died at his seat of Blarney Castle, and was buried in the cathedral church of St. Finbarry's, Cork. The following is his appointment as governor of Cork : —

    " William R. William the Third, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, " France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. To our trusty and well-beloved S«" ** James Jeffreyes, kn.t • Greeting : We, reposing especiall Trust and confidence in your "loyalty, courage, and fidelity, are graciously pleased to constitute, and do hereby con- ** stitute and appoint you to be governor of our Cittie and Town of Corke, and forts '* adjacent, in our kingdom of Ireland, To have, hold and exercise the said place for and " during our pleasure in as full and ample a manner as Colonell Tobias Purcell, late " Governor thereof, or any other, has formerly held and enjoyed the same, in order " whereunto you are forthwith to take into your charge the said Citty and Towne of " Corke, and Forts adjacent, as Governor thereof; and we hereby require all the officers ** and soldiers which shall from time to time be entertained there for the defence of the " same, and all others whom it may concerne, to obey you as their Governor, and you ** to observe and follow such orders and directions from time to time as you shall receive " from us, our chief Governor or Governors of that our Kingdom for the time being, or ** any other your superior officers, according to the rules and discipline of warre, in " pursuance of the trust we hereby repose in you,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 105

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Blarney Castle, where Sir James Jeffreys died. He was born in Scotland and served as brigadier-general under Queen Anne. He was made a knight by patent dated at Cracow the 4th of February 1676, with particular additions to his armorial bearings. He retired to Ireland, lived at Blarney Castle as his seat, and when he died he was buried in the cathedral church of St. Finbarry's in Cork. In 1694 King William III appointed him governor of Cork. The king's commission begins, "William the Third, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith." It is addressed to "our trusty and well-beloved Sir James Jeffreyes, knight" and says the king reposes especial trust and confidence in his loyalty, courage, and fidelity. By it the king constitutes and appoints him governor of the city and town of Cork and forts adjacent, in the kingdom of Ireland. He is to hold the place during the king's pleasure, in as full and ample a manner as Colonel Tobias Purcell, late governor, or any other formerly held it. He is to take charge of the city and town and forts as governor. All officers and soldiers there for defence are to obey him as their governor, and he is to follow orders from the king, the chief governor or governors of that kingdom, or his superior officers, according to the rules and discipline of war.