An historical account of the plantation in Ulster at the commencement of the seventeenth century, 1608-1620

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Davys's arguments to dispossess Cavan landholders

   Cavan · town · Cavan

   Sir John Davys employed legal arguments to reconcile the unhappy people of Cavan to leaving their possessions to strangers, as recorded in his letter of 8th November. The Irish were grieved to surrender lands their septs had long enjoyed after the Irish manner, while the Lord Deputy mixed threats with entreaty.

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   (62). Enjoyed, — The "other arguments" employed by Davys to reconcile the unhappy people of Cavan "to leave their possessions to strangers" are recorded in his letter of the 8th of November, and printed among other things of Uie same kind in his volume of Historical Tracts, These ' arguments' were, indeed, wretched attempts in their way, and for the occasion. They simply insulted those to whom they were addressed, being used rather

   228

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 178

2. Death of Sir Archibald Acheson at Letterkenny

   Letterkenny · town · Donegal · 1634

   Sir Archibald Acheson, owner of the Carrowdownan proportion and other Ulster estates, died at Letterkenny in county Donegal in 1634. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia in 1628 and held high legal and state positions in Scotland.

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   (70). Carrowdownan, — Archibald Acheson is represented by an inquisition — (31) Car. I. — as purchasing this , proportion from John Browne on the loth of December, 1620 ; but there must be a mistake in this date, as Pjmnar mentions that the lands were in Acheson*s possession earlier than 1620. Indeed it is well ascertained that he owned this proportion from the year 161 2. Sir Archibald originally belonged to a place called Goose-ford, or Guisefoord, in the county of Haddington. In 1628 he was created a baronet of Nova Scotia, and enjoyed in succession the several high positions, in Scotland, of Solicitor-General, Senator of the CoU^^ of Justice, and Joint-Secretaiy of State. ''He poss^sed a laige and elegant mansion in the Cannongate of Edinburgh, which still remains, presenting over the doorway a crest exhibiting the figure of a cock mounted on a trumpet, with the motto Vtgilantilms, and the date 1633. Over two upper windows are the letters S. A. A., and D. M. H., the initials of Sir Archibald Acheson and his wife Dame Margaret Hamilton. Sir Archibald died at Letterkenny, county Donegal, in 1634. He left two sons, viz., Patrick, who succeeded him, and died iti 1638, and George, third baronet, and owner of the Irish estates.'* The following notice of Sir Archibald and his family was written after his death by Sir John Scott of Scotstarvet : — " Sir Archibald Acheson of Glencaimey, conjunct secretary with the said Earl of Stirling, enjoyed the place but few years, and had no land in Scotland, but some four hundred pounds sterling in Ireland of the Earl of Tyrone's lands. His eldest son was of great expectation, having married a rich heiress in England. He died the first year of their marriage, without issue. Of his

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 383

3. Derry as a ruined city proposed for Londoners' plantation

   near Derry · city · Derry

   Derry is described as a 'late ruined city' situated on Lough Foyle, proposed as one of two fittest places for the City of London to plant. Sir Thomas Phillips estimated fortification costs at £6,000 and total development costs at £16,790, considering the site could be made impregnable with small charges.

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   " The late ruined city of Derry situate upon the river of Lough Foyle, navigable above Derry, and another place near the castle of Coleraine, situate in the river Ban, navigable with small vessels only, by reason of the bar a little above Coleraine, seem to be the fittest places for the city of London to plant. 2. With small charges, these places, especially Derry, may be made impregnable (11). 3. His Majesty offers to grant to these two places charters of incorporation; the whole territory betwixt them, however, which is above 20 miles in length, bounded by the sea on the north, by the Ban on the east, and the river Derry or Lough Foyle on the west (out of which 3,006 acres or nlore may be allotted to each of the towns for their commons), to be planted with such undertakers as the city of London shall think fit (12), paying only for the same the easy rent of the undertakers. 4. These towns to have the benefit of all the customs on goods imported or exported, as also tonnage and poundage, and the great and small customs for 2 1 years, paying yearly 6s. Sd, Irish as an acknowledgment. 5. That his Majesty would be pleased to buy from the possessors, the Salmon fishing of the Ban and Lough Foyle, and bestow the same upon these towns.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 296

4. Derrygonnelly estate of Hugh Montgomery, 1696

   Derrygonnelly · village · Fermanagh · 1696

   In 1696, William Montgomery visited Hugh Montgomery's estate at Derrygonnelly, describing a new house on old walls, a river with corn and tuck mill, a garden with fruit trees, and a chapel built and endowed by Sir John Dunbar for a deacon to read prayers when weather was bad.

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   afterwards in that of Hugh Montgomery of Derrygonnelly, who married Sir John's grand-daughter. This was no other than the sword of Bruce, a family relic, which had been piously preserved for many generations, and whose exbtence, in Fermanagh, would have been probably unknown, had not William Montgomery, the author of the well-known Mont^mery Manuscripts, chanced to visit his kinsman's house in the year 1696. ■ Of this visit he has left the following record: — **Our present Hugh aforesaid is marryed to a beutifuU grand-daughter and heiress to Sr. John Dumbarr. His estate, whereof Derrygonnelly is ye chiefe mansion place ; besides which he [Hugh Montgomery] hath his father's and his own purchases. I was, in a.d. 1696, three nights in his new house (for the old walls are not rebuilt) ; it is a pleasant seate ; a River running by it within half a muskett shott, and thereon a com and a tuck mill, in which one may walk dry in slippers ; he hath a pretty garden and a plantation of fruit trees ; thereto also a pretty little chappell opposite to the house door, about nine score yards from it (to which one may go dry in like maner), built and endowed by Sr. Jo : Dumbarr, aforesaid, for a deacon to read prayers, homilys, or preach in, when the weather is badd. I saw a rarity att that house, to witt, a two-edged sword of excellent metall, which this Hugh never caused to be made but had it (I have foi^ot what hee told mee thereof), in ye late warr about Enniskillen. I am of ye opinion there is no smith in Ireland can forge soe (ipod a blade, for I saw it severly tryed. The swoni is inscribed on ye right hand side of ye blade thus —

   RobertiMS Bruscius, ) 1310, and on {pro Christo )

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 407

5. Destruction of Derry churches and Long Tower survival

   near Derry · city · Derry · 1568–1690

   The churches of St. Columba and Temple More at Derry were partly destroyed by a gunpowder explosion in 1568 and finally dismantled by Docwra in 1600 for building materials. The round-tower belfry survived until after the 1690 siege.

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   (51), Relighus houses, — The island of the Derry was occupied in early times by buildings exclusively of an ecclesiastical character, but of these structures not a vestige now remains. The most venerated among them was the church of St. Columba, the original position and form of which are described by O'Donnell, a prince of Tirconnell, who, in his days of seclusion, wrote a life of the saint, about the year 1520, when his church, although then in ruins, was still to be seen at Derry. Referring to the locality of this ancient building, O'Donnell says : — ** Many other signs and miracles were wrought by this servant of Christ [St. Columba] in the same place, in which he himself dwelt for a long time, and which he loved above every other ; and particularly that beautiful grove \Poiret '*the dense oak wood*] very near the monasteiy of Derry, which [the grove] he wished should be always left standing." Next to St. Columbus church in importance was that other adjoining it, and known as Temple More^ or the Cathedral Church, erected in 1164. The Annals of Ulster inform us that Temple More was 90 feet in length, and that the principal front and comer stones employed in its erection were prepared in forty days. *' These two churches, with the accompanying buildings, were situated adjacent to each other outside the present city wall, on the ground occupied by the Roman Catholic cnapel and cemetery ; but with the exception of the round-tower belfry, were partly destroyed by an explosion of gunpowder in 1568, and Anally by Docwra in 1600, for the purpose of employing their materials in the new works he was erecting. This tower survived till after the siege [1690], being marked on the maps or plans of that time as the ' Long Tower or Temple More ;' its site is still indicated by a lane called the Long Tower. In the charter of Derry it is called Colum-kille's Tower." Next came the Nunnety, which must have been built much earlier than the sixteenth century, — the date generally supposed, — ^as the building is mentioned at the year 1 1 34 by the Four Masters, who record the death of Bebinn, the daughter of MacConchaille, female erenach

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 324

6. Inquisition at Limavady finds County Coleraine lands for the King

   near Limavady · town · Derry · 1608

   Commissioners held an inquisition at Limavady where jurors found the whole county of Coleraine for the King, excepting religious house lands and Bann fishings. Four balliboes belonging to the abbey of Anagh had been granted to Sir Toby Caulfield, and the royal Bann fishery had been assigned to Sir Arthur Chichester.

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   The results, therefore^ of this Inquisition were as satisfactory as those arising from the similar investigations at Armagh and Dungannon, and quite as much so as the King and his commissioners could have expected ; for the whole county of Coleraine, excepting the lands belonging to a few religious houses and the fishings of the river Bann, from Lough Neagh to the Salmon-Leap, were found for the King. Davys states in his Abstract that " there is no part of the temporal lands lying within this county granted to any person, but all remaineth in his Majesty's hands to be disposed of to undertakers, except the moiety of the royal fishing of the Ban." Of the abbey lands there were four balliboes, that had belonged to the abbey of Anagh, granted to Sir Toby Caulfield ; but this small quantity could be easily restored to the Church. The jurors at Limavaddie did, in conclusion, " finde and present, uppon their oathes, that all castles, manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments whatsoever (the rents and dueties belonginge to the said archbushoppricke of Armagh, and all and singular abbaies, monasteries, priories, and religious houses, and the lands above mentioned to belonge thereunto, only excepted), are nowe, or lately came to the actual and reall possession of his Majesty by the said Act of attainder of Shane O'Neale and others, made in the eleventh yeare of the late Queen Elizabeth ; and lastlie, the said jurors doe, uppon their oathes, finde and present that the said King's Majesty that nowe is being seised in his demesne, as of fee, of and in the whole fishinge of the river of the Banne, above the salmon leape, did, by his letters patents, under the Great Seal of Irelande, give and grant the said fishinge unto James Hamilton, assignee of Thomas Ireland, who by deed assigned and conveyed the said fishinge unto the right honourable Sir Arthure Chichester, Knight, lord deputie generally of the realme of Irelande, and by the said conveyance Sir Arthure Chichester is nowe thereof seised in his demesne as of fee."

   IV.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 136

   As the companion tells it

   Limavady is a town the road passes through. In 1608, commissioners came here to hold an inquisition, and the jurors found the whole county of Coleraine for the King. Everything went to the Crown, except the lands belonging to a few religious houses and the fishings of the river Bann, from Lough Neagh to the Salmon-Leap. Davys, in his Abstract, noted that no temporal lands within the county had been granted to any person. All remained in the King's hands, to be disposed of to undertakers, except the moiety of the royal fishing of the Bann. Of the abbey lands, four balliboes that had belonged to the abbey of Anagh had been granted to Sir Toby Caulfield. The book notes this small quantity could be easily restored to the Church. The jurors at Limavaddie found and presented, upon their oaths, that all castles, manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, the rents and duties belonging to the archbishopric of Armagh and all abbeys, monasteries, priories, and religious houses only excepted, came to the actual and real possession of his Majesty by the Act of attainder of Shane O'Neale and others, made in the eleventh year of the late Queen Elizabeth. Lastly, the jurors found that the King, being seized in his demesne of the whole fishing of the river Bann above the salmon leap, did by his letters patent under the Great Seal of Ireland grant the fishing to James Hamilton, assignee of Thomas Ireland. Thomas Ireland by deed conveyed the fishing to Sir Arthur Chichester, Knight, lord deputy general of the realm of Ireland, and by that conveyance Sir Arthur Chichester was seized of it.

7. Inquisition at Limavady on Bann fishery rights, 1609

   near Limavady · town · Derry · 1609

   An inquisition held at Lymavaddy in 1609 found all temporal lands in the county vested in the King, except the moiety of the Bann fishing first granted to John Wakeman and sold to James Hamilton of Bangor. The earl of Tyrone had taken the profits after his contract with Hamilton but no formal conveyance existed before his departure.

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   (41). Third Jacobi — The year 1605. At the Inquisition held in Lymavaddy, 1609, there was no mention of Godolphin's lease, but Davys states that all the temporal lands in the county were found vested in the King "except the moiety of the fishing of the Bann, first granted by his Majesty to John Wakeman and his heirs in fee simple, who sold it to James Hamilton of Bangor, who, at the request and in the presence of the Lord Deputy that now is, made an absolute contract with the Earl of Tyrone, to convey to the said earl the said filing for 200/., which was afterwards payed by the earl ; but it doth not appear that any conveyance was made of the fishing by Hamilton to the earl before his departure [flight], but the earl took the profits thereof alter the contract ; and it was found by office [of inquisition], in August, 1608, that the earl at his departure was seized of the moiety of the fishing as of an estate in fee, and that the said estate was come to the Crown again by the attainder of the said earl." Chichester refers to this matter more in detail, when writing to the council in London, in Oct., 1609. "The said Tyrone," says he, " pretended title to the moiety of the fishing of the Bann, and he finding his title not good in law, and hearing that the whole river of the Bann was passed in fee by virtue of the King's letter to one W^akeman, who was in trust for the late Eiarl of Devonshire [Mountjoy], Tyrone desired him [Chichester] to be a means to the said earl that he might have one half of it for 200/., in regard he had some claim to it Wrote accordingly in his behalf to the Earl of Devonshire, who at that time, seemed to be willing, at his entreaty, that Tyrone should have it, but died before anything was efiected. After his death the said Wakeman (with consent of the Earl of Devonshire's executors) sold Uiat whole fishing, and the rest of Wakeman's grant, to James Hamilton, his Majesty's servant, with whom also at Tyrone's request he [Chichester] had speech about the same, and who was content that Tyrone should have it" This John Wakeman is described as "of Beckford, in the county of Gloucester, Esq.," and as receiving his grant of the Bann fishery " in consideration ofa sum of money paid by him at the King's command to an old and well-deserving subject in Scotland." His grant included the entire river of the Bann in Ulster from the Rock or Salmon-leap to the high sea ; and also the whole of the fishings, weares, soil, and bottom, within the banks of the said river, together with the Salmon-leape and all the fishings thereof."

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 84

8. James Hamilton of Bangor and the Bann fishery sale

   near Bangor · town · Down · 1605–1609

   James Hamilton of Bangor, described as the King's servant, purchased the whole Bann fishing and Wakeman's grant from John Wakeman with the consent of the Earl of Devonshire's executors. At Tyrone's request and through Chichester's mediation, Hamilton agreed to let Tyrone have half for £200.

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   (41). Third Jacobi — The year 1605. At the Inquisition held in Lymavaddy, 1609, there was no mention of Godolphin's lease, but Davys states that all the temporal lands in the county were found vested in the King "except the moiety of the fishing of the Bann, first granted by his Majesty to John Wakeman and his heirs in fee simple, who sold it to James Hamilton of Bangor, who, at the request and in the presence of the Lord Deputy that now is, made an absolute contract with the Earl of Tyrone, to convey to the said earl the said filing for 200/., which was afterwards payed by the earl ; but it doth not appear that any conveyance was made of the fishing by Hamilton to the earl before his departure [flight], but the earl took the profits thereof alter the contract ; and it was found by office [of inquisition], in August, 1608, that the earl at his departure was seized of the moiety of the fishing as of an estate in fee, and that the said estate was come to the Crown again by the attainder of the said earl." Chichester refers to this matter more in detail, when writing to the council in London, in Oct., 1609. "The said Tyrone," says he, " pretended title to the moiety of the fishing of the Bann, and he finding his title not good in law, and hearing that the whole river of the Bann was passed in fee by virtue of the King's letter to one W^akeman, who was in trust for the late Eiarl of Devonshire [Mountjoy], Tyrone desired him [Chichester] to be a means to the said earl that he might have one half of it for 200/., in regard he had some claim to it Wrote accordingly in his behalf to the Earl of Devonshire, who at that time, seemed to be willing, at his entreaty, that Tyrone should have it, but died before anything was efiected. After his death the said Wakeman (with consent of the Earl of Devonshire's executors) sold Uiat whole fishing, and the rest of Wakeman's grant, to James Hamilton, his Majesty's servant, with whom also at Tyrone's request he [Chichester] had speech about the same, and who was content that Tyrone should have it" This John Wakeman is described as "of Beckford, in the county of Gloucester, Esq.," and as receiving his grant of the Bann fishery " in consideration ofa sum of money paid by him at the King's command to an old and well-deserving subject in Scotland." His grant included the entire river of the Bann in Ulster from the Rock or Salmon-leap to the high sea ; and also the whole of the fishings, weares, soil, and bottom, within the banks of the said river, together with the Salmon-leape and all the fishings thereof."

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 84

   As the companion tells it

   Bangor is the place. In the years around 1605, James Hamilton of this town bought the whole Bann fishery. He was called the King's servant. The fishing had first been granted by the King to John Wakeman, a man described as of Beckford in Gloucestershire, who held it in trust for the late Earl of Devonshire, Mountjoy. The grant covered the entire river of the Bann in Ulster, from the Rock or Salmon-leap to the high sea, and all the fishings, weirs, soil, and bottom within the river banks. The Earl of Tyrone claimed title to half the fishery, but his title was not good in law. Tyrone asked Lord Deputy Chichester to mediate. Chichester wrote to the Earl of Devonshire on Tyrone's behalf, and Devonshire seemed willing to let Tyrone have half for 200 pounds, but Devonshire died before anything was settled. After his death, Wakeman, with the consent of Devonshire's executors, sold the whole fishing and the rest of his grant to James Hamilton. At Tyrone's request, Chichester spoke to Hamilton, and Hamilton agreed that Tyrone should have half for 200 pounds. The earl paid the money. But no conveyance was made before Tyrone's flight. Tyrone took the profits after the contract. An inquisition in August 1608 found that Tyrone at his departure was seized of the moiety of the fishing as an estate in fee, and that estate came to the Crown again by his attainder. Chichester wrote to the council in London about all this in October 1609. Wakeman had received his grant, the record says, in consideration of a sum of money paid by him at the King's command to an old and well-deserving subject in Scotland.

9. John Murray's 10,000-acre grant in Boylagh and Bannagh

   Boylagh · barony · Donegal · 1620

   In 1620 James I granted John Murray, later Earl of Annandale, about 10,000 acres in the barony of Boylagh and Bannagh, including the great proportion of the Rosses with fishing rights for salmon, herring and cod. The grant created the manors of Billiwell and Castlemurray.

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   (141). John Murrey, — ^John Murray, of Cockpool, was a great favourite of James I., and for severalyears the principal manager of the King's more private affairs in Scotland. He was created Earl of Annandale in 1624, the title becoming extinct in 1658. It was subsequently revived in the Johnstone family. In 1625, the Earl of Annandale was appointed to the government of the county of Donegal, and the borders and limits thereof, to suppress and punish by fire and sword, malefactors, traitors, rebels, and all who refused to submit to the law. The Earl of Annandale's original grant of the whole territory was made in 1620 ; but he was obliged to have a re-grant in 1629, paying double the first rent to the King, and a fine of ;f 30 for every thousand acres. The following is the substance of there-grant: — ** Grant to the Earl of Annandale of several proportions of land : one called the great proportion of the Rosses, in the barony of Boylagh and Bannagh, with a piscary, fishing, and taking of salmon, herring, cod, and all other kinds of fish in, within, or near the said lands, and the advowson of the vicarage of Templecame in the barony aforesaid ; the middle proportion of Boylagh'Ei^htray and the middle proportion Called Dotvneconally, and the small proportion of^ Moynargan^ in the precinct of Boylagh and Bannagh, with free fishing and taking of salmon, herring, cod, and all other kinds of fish in the creeks and the weirs of Guilegrush ; the small proportion of Kilkarkan, the small proportion of Cargie, the small proportion of Boylagh-oughtra, and the small proportion of Mu/laghveagh, in the aforesaid precinct or barony, with free fishing in all the bays, creeks, rivers, or waters of, in, or within the premises, and also in the creeks, bays, or rivers of Inver, Gladdagh, Gohera, Locris Uly, Gibbragh, Tullinge, Callabegg [Killybegs], and the island of Axran. To hold forever, as of

   the castle of Dublin, in free and common socage. The premises are created into the manors of Billiwell and Castlemurray ; fairs at Downcally and Magherimore.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 409

10. Kilmacrenan Abbey lands granted and reverted to Crown

    Kilmacrenan · town · Donegal · 1603–1606

    The abbey of Kilmacrenan, containing 31 quarters, was granted in fee-farm to Sir James Fullerton in 1603, then conveyed to Sir Ralph Bingley, who sold it to the late Earl of Tyrconnell. By the earl's attainder the lands reverted to the Crown, though the earl had attempted to convey them to Nicholas Weston in November 1606 after his treason.

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    Asheroe, and divided into divers parcels called balliboes, each containing the 8th part of a quarter, and called Laghie, otherwise Lachinmore, and Lachinbegg, Behie, Ardgillew, Tollaghcorke, Laggedaghtoun, Crewtartan, Downeshenagh, Amnitalge, Kilcrehan, Ardpatin, Cashell- Illy, Tolloghmore, Balline^ragh, Shrahan or Sooraen, Maseboy, Drum-Ikellyloghie, and Legaltin ; Dacoocallowes, 2 balliboes ; Crevemanagh, 3 balliboes ; CashiN lack, 2 balliboes ; Drumnekelly, one and a half balliboe ; Tawnagh-Irewe, half a balliboe ; Towrehulty, half a balliboe ; Cavan-I^^er, half a balliboe ; seven other quarters in the temtory of Tirehugh, viz., Carewcashill, Garvanagh, Munterduyre, Carrowtubber, Carrowticlogh, Carrowcorlean, Knader, and Toughter ; the quarter of Kilcarbery ; the grange of Darriragh, in the territory of Tirbane, containing two balliboes ; the |jange of Tawn^htallon, in O' Boyle's country, contaming one balliboe with the tithes ; the grange near the monastery of Kilfoore, containing one quarter with the tithes ; the rectory of Dnimhinne, in the country of Tirehugh ; twelve ruinous eel weirs uppn the river Erne, between Lough Erne and Ballyshannon castle, the estate of the said abbey, with two loops upon the salmon-leap for taking salmon near the said castle, and liberty for two fishermen to take salmon in a place in the Erne- Water, called Asheroe, near Ballyshannon, every year ; and the second draught from all fishers at Asheroe when they bc^n to fish ; also liberty for one boat to fish from the island or rock to the sea, for salmon or other fish, yearly, within Ball3rshannon bay, which are all free customs belonging of old to the said abbey ; two third parts of all the tithes of Cashell-Moynterdooyre ; the 5 oalliboes of Crewe ; the quarter of Carshee ; the 6 balliboes of Ballymc-Iward ; and the several quarters of Kildoney, Kilbanny, and Kilcrumrie. Total rent, 8/. lOf. od. Irish. To hold forever as of the Castle of Dublin in common soccage. 12 April, 6th [1608]. (See Patent Rolls, p. 129. ) Of the abb^ or monastery lands also in this county, Davys, in his Abstract of Titles makes the following statement — "The abbey of Kilmacrenan, containing 31 quarters, and some other parcels belonging to other small religious houses dissolved, containing five quarters, were granted in fee-farm to Sir James Fullerton t^ letters patent dated 1 1 October, I** Jacobi [1603], and by him conveyed over to Sir Ralph Bingley, who bargained and sold the same to the late Earl of Tyrconnell, by whose attainder the said lands are come again to the Crown. Albeit the said eaii, by his feoffment, dated 20 Nov., 1606, did convey the said lands unto Nicholas Weston, which was made after the earl's treason committed. The possessions of the religious house called Kiladonnell, containing three quarters was passed in fee-fismn to Captain Basil Brookes^ whose estate is good in law, for aught appearing to me."

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 87

11. Natives of Cavan claim freeholds after O'Dogherty's revolt

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1608–1610

    After O'Dogherty's revolt and the killing of their chieftains in rebellion, natives of County Cavan claimed they were still entitled to freeholds. Many undertenants remained in possession of freeholds that had not been escheated, notwithstanding proceedings against their chieftains.

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    who, however, had rendered him good services during O'Dogherty's revolt and subsequently; nay, it will further appear, that the tenant-settlers from England and Scotland, instead of encountering 'storms' such as the deputy had predicted, were actually dependant on the natives for lodgings and provisions for a considerable time after their arrival ! Chichester never appears to have contemplated the enforcement of any building injimctions on the native undertakers or freeholders, this clause being introduced into the Articles solely on the authority of the council in London. Chichester's idea was eventually adopted ; the natives had to pay higher rents ; but were relieved from the rule of building expensive houses, although they were required to build for themselves habitations like the English of the Pale. This injunction, however, had reference to the humble Irish wno got small grants in several counties ; but such nobles and gentry among the natives as obtained one or two ballybetaghs each, aspired to castles and bawns like the other undertakers. Referring to the claims of those natives who had served the government during O'Doghcrty's revolt, and had, in return, received promises of lands, the deputy states in his comments on the 'Orders and Conditions' that "it should be left in the power and discretion of the commissioners to provide so sufficiently for the natives as shall be then tnought requisite. There are many more of them claiming and in expectation of freeholds than seems to have been considered of ; specially those of the counties of Cavan, Fermanagh, and Done£;al, who are still, as they allege, to be accounted freeholders, notwithstanding the offices taken, after the killing in rebellion of their several chieftains, or the attainder of any of them, the undertenants many of them being in possession of freeholds at this day, not escheated, as they affirm, notwithstandii^ the proceedings against their said chieftains."

    (35). Armer Undertakers, — See preceding note.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 73

12. Prince Owen repairs ancient palace of Aileach

    near Grianan of Aileach · monument · Donegal · 400–465

    Prince Owen (Eoghan), son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, carefully repaired the ancient and celebrated palace of Aileach, which had already become old and ruinous in his remote time but retained a noble prestige he was anxious to preserve.

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    [Owen or John], son of a distinguished monarch of Erin, known as Niall the Great, and also as Niall of the Nine Hostages, who died in the year 406. So early as the time of Eoghan, the family had entered upon its career of conquest, using as its base of operations the ancient and celebrated palace of Aileach. This structure Prince Owen carefully repaired, for even in his remote time Aileach had become old and ruinous, but still retaining a noble prestige, which he was wisely anxious to cherish and preserve. In the progress of the Ui Neill or Hy-Niall southward from this place, the several septs or families of the Oirghialla who stood on their path, and who refused to succumb, were dispersed in various directions, east and west, some seeking an asylum even in the little Uladh, among the descendants of those who had been victimised by the Clann-CoUa. Among the banished Oirghialla, who went eastward across the Bann, and settled on the Antrim side of that river, between Lough Neagh and Coleraine, were the celebrated Hy-Tuirtre (15), descendants of Fiachra Tort, a grandson of Colla Uais. This tribe, originally seated in the region now known as Tyrone, and unwilling to submit to Hy-Niall authority, was then compelled to retire. The territory from which they removed was the first annexed by the victorious sons of Niall, was appropriated by Eoghan himself, and was subsequently known as Tir-Eoghan [Tyrone], or ' the territory of Koghan ;* whilst the original seat of the family was assigned to his brother Conall, and after him named Tir-Conall, or *the territory of Conall.' To this last mentioned chieftain's name was added the epithet Gulban, because he had been fostered at Bengulbain, now Benbulbin, a mountain not far distant, in a northern direction, from the town of Sligo. These brothers, Eoghan and Conall

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Grianan of Aileach, Prince Owen, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, repaired an ancient and celebrated palace. Niall, known also as Niall the Great, had died in 406, and by Owen's time the family had already begun its career of conquest, using Aileach as its base of operations. The palace had grown old and ruinous, even in that remote age, but it still carried a noble prestige. Owen carefully repaired it, and he was wisely anxious to cherish and preserve what remained. From this place the sons of Niall pressed southward. The several septs of the Oirghialla who stood on their path and refused to succumb were dispersed east and west. Some sought asylum in the little Uladh, among the descendants of those who had been victimised by the Clann-Colla. Among the banished Oirghialla who crossed the Bann eastward and settled on the Antrim side, between Lough Neagh and Coleraine, were the celebrated Hy-Tuirtre, descendants of Fiachra Tort, a grandson of Colla Uais. This tribe had originally been seated in the region now known as Tyrone. Unwilling to submit to Hy-Niall authority, they were compelled to retire. The territory they left was the first annexed by the victorious sons of Niall. Eoghan appropriated it himself, and it became known as Tir-Eoghan, or Tyrone, the territory of Owen. The original seat of the family was assigned to his brother Conall, and after him named Tir-Conall. To Conall's name was added the epithet Gulban, because he had been fostered at Bengulbain, now Benbulbin, a mountain near Sligo.

13. Turlough O'Neill of Strabane and fosterage with O'Looneys

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone

    Turlough O'Neill, associated with Strabane, was known by the epithet 'Turlough Lineagh' because he was fostered with the O'Looneys. The fosterage custom among Celtic tribes involved sending children with accompanying cattle, and chiefs often received epithets from the families or places of their fosterage.

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    or the places to which they had been sent in youth tor this puxpose. Thus, Shane O'Neill was known as Shane D<nmUaugh<i from faaviag fostered with a family of O'Donnellys ; Turlough O'Neill of Strabane was called always Turlough Lidneach^ from fostering with the O'Looneys ; another Turlough O'Neill was nicknamed Brassilagh, because he was fostered in ClanbraSsills a well-known chieftain named Brian O'Neill was called Brian Fagartaeh from being fostered in Kinel-Fagartaigh, now Kinelaity; and Nial O'Neill, brother of Con mst Earl of Tyrone, was known as Nial OmaHaeh^ because, he was fostered in TTyrconnell. For illustrations of the customs of fosterage, see Hill's Historical Account of the MoicdmneUs ofAntrim^ pp. 27, 33, 54.

    234 THE PLANTATION IN ULSTER.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 184

14. 1704 Act ending bishop–Irish Society fishery disputes

    Derry · townland · Derry · 1704

    An Act of Parliament in 1704 transferred disputed lands (about 1,500 acres including Termonbacco, Ballygan, Ballywirry, Creevagh, and Killeagh) and fisheries in the Bann and Foyle from the bishops of Derry to the Irish Society, in consideration of a yearly rent of £250 paid quarterly. The enactment was said to contribute materially to the peace of northern Ulster.

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    (45)' Clonye, — All these rights of fishing and tithes of fish m the Foyle and the Bann, together with a portion of land containing about 1,500 acres, became the causes of periodical quarrels between the Irish Society and the successive bishops of Deny, down to the year 1704, when an act of parliament was required to allay " the great heats and animosities" thus stirred up "among several of the inhabitants, in the counties of Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone, and Donegall." This act handed over the lands and fisheries in dispute to the Irish Society, in consideration of a yearly rent to be paid to the bishoprick of Derry. The several possessions thus transferred from the bishops td the Society are mentioned as follows : — " All those quarters or parcels of land called or known \n the names of Termonbacco, MoUenam, Ballygan alias BaUj^wan, BaU]rwirry alias, Ballyoughry, Creevagh, and lulleigh

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, an act of parliament in 1704 settled a long quarrel over fishing and land. The rights of fishing and tithes of fish in the Foyle and the Bann, along with about 1,500 acres of land, had caused periodical quarrels between the Irish Society and the successive bishops of Derry. These quarrels stirred up, as the record says, "great heats and animosities" among inhabitants in the counties of Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone, and Donegall. The act handed the lands and fisheries over to the Irish Society, in consideration of a yearly rent of £250 paid quarterly to the bishopric of Derry. The possessions transferred included Termonbacco, Mollenam, Ballygan, Ballywirry, Ballyoughry, Creevagh, and Killeagh. The enactment was said to contribute materially to the peace of northern Ulster.

15. Bagenalls secure O'Neill estates around Newry

    near Newry · town · Down · 1542–1586

    Nicholas Bagenall, who came from Staffordshire to Ulster in 1542 to escape a manslaughter charge, prospered under Con O'Neill's patronage and eventually secured important fragments of the O'Neill estates at and around Newry. His son Sir Henry Bagenall wrote a Description of Ulster in 1586 and was a deadly foe of Hugh O'Neill, second Earl of Tyrone.

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    (22). TJu Bagenalls, — One man, named Nicholas Bagenall, to whom Con O'Neill had proved specially useful and kind, became the deadliest enemy of the old earl and his family. This Englishman came from Staffordshire to Ulster in the year 1542, having been obliged to make his escape from his native place to avoid the consequences of a manslaughter with which he was charged. It is hardly credible that Bagenall would have disappeared from his English home so suddenly, had he only committed a justifiable homicide, or that he would have required a special pardon from the king to secure him against the consequences of such an act At all events, Con O'Neill required to write specially to Henry VIII. on Bagenairs behalf, and his influence was then such that he readily procureid a pardon for the delinauent. Bagenall prospered apace under the auspices of O Neill until at lengtn he became greater than nis patron* and indeed secured for himself one of the most important fragments of the O'Neill estates, at and around the present town of Newry. His son was the well-known Sir Henry Bagenall, who wrote a Description of Ulster in 1586, and was a deadly foe of Hugh O'Neill, the second earl, but refused to meet him in single combat. The Bagenalls are now represented by the Kilmorey family at Newry.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 24

16. Ballyshannon proposed for a river bridge

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1606

    During a 1606 visit, Chichester observed two places fit for bridges over the river between Lough Erne and the sea, one at Ballyshannon near the castle and the other at Lysgoule.

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    (74). One at Lisgoole. — ^This place was thus recommended as the site for a corporate town because it had specially attracted Chichester's attention during a visit which he had recently paid to that district. When writing to Salisbury on Sept, 12, 1606, the deputy referred to the locality in the following terms : — "He fbund this county divided with the river of Lough Erne, which runs in the midst thereof, over which there is seldom passage but by boat, which those people make only of a great oak hewn hollow, which they call *cotts.* These are dangerous, and a great hindrance to the commerce in those parts. Upon mis river [between Lough Erne and the sea] he observed two places fit to be made passages by bridge, the one at Ballyshannon near the castle, and the other at Lysgoule, which lies about the midst of the county. Wishes there were at this part some banning of a town, which he would have built on both sides of the river, whereby the bridge would be defended, and the • passage secured. Chichester, indeed, was so enamoured of the position at Lisgoole that he forthwith ordered houses to be built there for the accommodation of soldiersthen stationed at Deveni^, together with a gaol and sessions-house—the essential beginning of a settlers' town. He also proclaimed a weekly market there, and pro* mised to have the forthcoming town blessed with cor* porate privileges even in its infimcy. But Lis-gabhal, corruptly Lisgoole, seems to have utterly declined even the blandishments of a lord deputy. No town ever grew there, and the name at this day is only associated— as it had been for very many centuries before — with a religious house, founded probably in the fifth century ; re-buUt or repaired afterwards ancl constituted an abbey for canons r^^ilar of the order of St Augustine in the year 1 106 ; and renovated once more about the middle of the sixteenth century, the Augostinians then giving way before the more vigorous and uithful Franciscans.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 92

17. Bawne and thatched house at Aghalane

    Aghalane · townland · Fermanagh · 1618–1619

    Pynnar's survey describes Mr. Adwick's 1,000-acre proportion at Aghalane, featuring a bawne of clay and stone roughly cast with lime, 50 feet square and 12 feet high with two flankers, containing a poor thatched house. Ten British tenant families were planted but the rest of the land was occupied by Irish.

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    XLI. 1,000 Acres. The Lady [Laird] KinkeU (80) was the first Patentee. Mr, Adwick hath 1,000 acres, called Aghalane. Upon this there is a Bawne of Clay and ^Stone, rough cast over >\dth Lime, 50 feet

    that the word lyes was a sufficient ground to swagger, did offer violence to the bishop. The bishop directing his speech to the lady, told her he thought her lodging and her presence had been a sanctuarie, and that his coat should nave protected him anywhere from blows — the wrong was done to her more than to hinu But, while she was about to paciHy them both, Balfour made a second assault, whereby the bishop was forced in his own defence to lay hold on him, and after once or twice going about [whirling him round] the bishop threw him on his back in the chimney, att the noise whereof the lady's servants came up and parted them. The bishop would have complained to the King of the abuse, but was persuaded \sj the said lady to forbear. Her lord also with the Earle of Annandale laboured to reconcile them. The bishop gave the lords humble thanks, and assured them they should find him subject to their advises, and aU reasone ; but withall, that he would not betray the trust was put in him, touching the schoole of Fermanagh, and the building of the church of Aghenlurker, for which Balfour had receaved 1,500/." See The Spotiiswoode Miscellany^ voL L, pp. 102- 1 10.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 388

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies Aghalane, the name given to Mr. Adwick's 1,000 acres. The first patentee was Lady KinkeU. When Pynnar surveyed this land around 1618 to 1619, he found a bawne of clay and stone, rough cast over with lime, 50 feet square and 12 feet high, with two flankers. Inside the bawne stood a poor thatched house. Ten British tenant families had been planted on the proportion, but the rest of the land was occupied by Irish. The record also tells of a quarrel involving a bishop and a man called Balfour, who offered violence to the bishop. The bishop told the lady present that he thought her lodging and presence had been a sanctuary, and that his coat should have protected him from blows. While the lady tried to pacify them, Balfour made a second assault. The bishop was forced to defend himself, laid hold on Balfour, and after whirling him round once or twice, threw him on his back in the chimney. The lady's servants came and parted them. The bishop would have complained to the King, but the lady persuaded him to forbear. Her lord and the Earl of Annandale laboured to reconcile them. The bishop gave humble thanks and assured them they should find him subject to their advice and all reason. But he would not betray the trust put in him, touching the school of Fermanagh and the building of the church of Aghenlurker, for which Balfour had received 1,500 pounds.

18. Bishop Montgomery's proposal for Donegal Abbey

    Donegal · town · Donegal

    Bishop Montgomery proposed converting the old abbey of Donegal to secular uses. He also complained about not being put on the commission of survey in 1608.

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    the Church in Ulster, 91 ; his proposal to convert the old abbey of Donegal to certain secular uses, 105 ; his complaint because he had not been put upon the commission of survey in 1608, 120, 121 ; Chichester and Davys refer to his complaints on this point, 121 ; he and other northern bishops put on the commission of 1609, ib.\ his arrival in the camp at Limavady, 170; takes exception to the verdict of the jurors on the ownership of herenagh lands, ib. ; his derivations of the terms herenaghs and termoners, ib.\ his doctrine on the subject of termon and herenagh lands, ib. ; his dispute with Myler Magrath, 183 ; his prominence in the conference between the commissioners and bishops, 206, 209 ; his great efforts in bringing settlers from Scotland, 210-212; names of certain kinsmen settled in Ulster, 211.

    ^ Hugh of Derrybrosk, 211.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

19. Captain Ridgeway's construction at Lough Ramor

    near Lough Ramor · lake or lakes · Cavan · 1611

    By 1611, Captain Ridgeway had brought 120 great oaks from Fermanagh for building, made a watercourse for a mill, removed five Irish houses near his castle, and built two Irish houses on the Great Island on Lough Ramor. He also contracted at Belturbet for a boat for use on the lough.

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    (25). Captain Ridgewaie, — See p. 343. In 161 1, this first patentee had made some progress. Carew reports as follows: — "Captain John Ridgeway, 1,000 acres. 120 great oaks have been brought from Fermanagh, 30 miles from him, and more ready framed, being 2S0 garons loads from Bealturbert ; has made a watercourse for a mill in a stony and rocky ground, which cost him 25/., as he says. Has agreed for 500 barrels of lime in Meath, to be brought him upon demand. Has removed five Irish houses near his castle, and built two other Irish houses in the Great Island [on Lough Ramor]. Has an English millwright, smith, and farrier, with their wives and families, and necessary tools ; and an English and Irish house carpenter, with their wives and families ; two or three other families of several trades ; and has contracted at Bealturbert for a boat for use at Lough Rawre" [now Ramor].

    (26). Captain Ctdme, — This officer was the son of Sir Hugh Culme of Chamston and Cannonsleigh in Devonshire, and Mary, daughter of Richard Fortescue of Filleigh, in the same county. Capt. Ctdme, who was knighted in 1623, married the daughter of a gentleman named Emerson of Derbyshire, and died in 1630. His residence was Cloughouter, in Cavan. By his wife (who re-married with a Colonel Tones, and died in 1661), Sir Hugh left a lar|;e family of sons and daughters. His eldest son and heir, Arthur Culme, resided at Cloughouter, and died without leaving children, in 1650. One of Sir Hugh's daughters,

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 368

20. Castle on River Finn: strategic ford and plantation settlement

    River Finn · river · Donegal · 1608–1620

    A castle three stories high with a framed roof stands on the River Finn at a ford described as the only passage into the country. Twenty-one British families were planted on the land, able to make 60 armed men, though construction was stalled by a legal controversy with Sir Robert Remington's heirs.

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    In Toto, 21 Families, who, with divers other Undertenants, are able to make 60 Men with Arms, and many of them do dwell together, and have taken the Oath of Supremacy. The Castle is seated upon the river of Finn^ where is a Ford, and the only passage into the Country, and in a most principal Place for the King's Service.

    2 having 200 acres jointly.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 431

    As the companion tells it

    On the River Finn stands a castle at a ford, the only passage into the country. Twenty-one British families were planted on the land, able to make 60 armed men, many dwelling together, having taken the Oath of Supremacy. The castle, three stories high with a framed roof, was stalled by a legal controversy with Sir Robert Remington's heirs.

21. Caulfield fortifies Charlemont

    near Charlemont · village · Armagh · 1607–1610

    Sir Toby Caulfield spent three years collecting rents from the confiscated estates of the Earl of Tyrone. He also undertook extraordinary charges in strengthening the fort at Charlemont and building a house within it, for which he was granted an allowance in 1610.

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    The foregoing curious and valuable document would be incomplete without the following appendage, showing the necessity for Caulfield's appointment, as superintendent of the Tyrone estates, and also his remuneration, as such, received from the public funds; which, however, must have been but a mere .nominal reward compared with advantages otherwise derived from that position : — " By the Deputy and council — ^Whereas upon the flight of the traitor Tyrone, the Deputy entering into consideration how fit it was to appoint some man of sufficiency to take the chief charge and superintendency of such lands, rents, and territories as belonged to the said traitor in the counties of Tyrone, Armagh, and Coleraine, made choice of Sir Toby Calfeild to take upon him that charge ; who with good care and diligence, greatly to the furtherance of his Majesty's service, hath not only for this three years past collected the rents issuing out of the said lands and territories to his Majesty's use, but with great wisdom and sufficiency discharged the trust reposed in him ; and furthermore, hath been within the said time at extraordinary charges, in building of bridges and highways, strengthening of the fort at Charlemont, and building a house within the same, for all which he has humbly craved allowance. He is accordingly granted an allowance of 100/. a year for each of the three years, making in harps (121) the whole sum of 400/. to be allowed him in the foot of his account. Dublin, i6th December, 1610."

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 205

22. Chichester notes complaints on native land allocations in Armagh and Tyrone

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1609

    Chichester wrote in March 1609 that many native Irish objected to abandoning their creaghting lifestyle and to the impossible demands of building castles or strong houses and bawns. He later complained about the small quantities of land allotted to natives in Armagh and Tyrone.

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    (34). First year, — ^The few native undertakers do not appear to have made any objection to the pa3rment of a so much laiger rent than had been laid on the others ; but they complained at being obliged to commence paying so soon, to erect their building in so short a time, and to relinquish their lons-chenshed and much-loved custom of creaghting. Chichester, writing to Davys, in March, 1609, refers to these objections on the part of the Irish as follows: — **Many natives have answered that it is hard for them to alter their course of living by herds of cattle and creaghting; and as to the building of castles, or strong houses and bawns, it is for them impossible ; none of them, the Neales [O'Neills] and such principal surnames excepted, affect above a ballybetagh, and most of them wilt be content with two or three balliboes; and for others, he knows whole counties will not content the meanest of them, albeit now they have but their mantle and sword. The commissioners, therefore, who shall come or be appointed to settle this business, will have a tough piece of work of it, and the strangers that shall come for undertakers must resolve to abide some storms before they come to a profitable harvest" Although the deputy wrote in this tone, we shall hear him afterwards complaining of the small quantities of lands to natives in Armagh and Tyrone,

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 72

23. Claude Hamilton's development of Sir Alexander's 2,000 acres in Cavan

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1611

    Sir Alexander Hamilton's son Claude took possession of 2,000 acres in County Cavan, bringing two tenants, three servants, and six artificers. He was building a mill, had felled trees, raised stones, and had a minister not yet approved by the bishop, with twelve more tenants and artificers expected.

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    (64). Supremacy, — It was found by the inquisition, already quoted, that neither the owner nor occupiers of this property had taken the necessary oath, and therefore, that it escheated and was vested again in the Crown. {Inquisitions of Ulster, Cavan, (24) Car. I.) In 161 1, Carew reported of these Hamiltons, father and son, as follows : — "Sir Alexander Hamilton, knight, 2,ocx> acres in the county of Cavan ; has not appeared ; his son Claude took possession, and brought two tenants, three servants, and six artificers ; is in hand with building a mill, trees felled ; hath a minister, but not yet allowed by the bishop ; has raised stones, and hath competent arms in readiness. Besides, there are arrived upon that proportion since our return [to Dublin] from the journey (as we are informed), twelve tenants and artificers who intend to reside there, and to build upon the same.'*

    (65). Patentees. — Of these brothers, Carew, in 161 r, reports : — "John Auchmothy and Alexander Auchmothy, 1000 [apiece] ; have not appeared ; James Craigie is their deputy for five years, who has brought four artificers of divers sorts, with their wives and families, and tw6

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 381

24. Commissioners open plantation commission at Cavan for pliable inhabitants

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1609–1610

    The commissioners reversed the order of their march and opened their commission at Cavan because, as Chichester supposed, the inhabitants there were 'more pliable to reason'—meaning more easily persuaded to surrender claims on their lands and abandon their homes peaceably. Davys's letter of September 24 also mentions his encounter with a lawyer at Cavan.

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    It was rather remarkable that the commissioners thought it prudent to reverse the order of their march on this occasion, commencing where they had previously left off, and ending where they had previously commenced. They now opened their commission at the Cavan, because, as Chichester supposed, the inhabitants were "more pliable to reason" — in other words, more easily reasoned into the necessity of surrendering any claims they might suppose they had on their own lands, and of abandoning their homes peaceably, and in good will to the strangers ! But we here subjoin Davys's letter of September 24, which mentions not only his encounter with the lawyer at Cavan, but touches at several other most interesting topics in connection with his last journey to Ukter. ^' Though the contrary winds," he sa3rs, "stayed him some time at the water side [on his return from England] yet he arrived early enough to attend my Lord Deputy this journey into Ulster, where he and the rest of the commissioners for the plantation have performed four principal services.

    " I. They made choice of such natives as they founS fit to be made fireeholders in every of

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 175

25. Crawford family near Donegal town

    Killybegs · town · Donegal · 1610

    Owen or John Crawford, father of Captain Patrick Crawford, was living in 1610 near the town of Donegal. His son David had been servant to the Earl of Tyrconnell and returned to Ireland in April 1610, landing at Killybegs, afterwards acting as an agent for exiles on the continent.

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    was living in 16 10 near the town of Donegal, and his brother David was servant to the Earl of Tyrconnell when the latter made his escape in the autumn of 1607. David returned in the month of April, 16 10, landing at Killybegs, and afterwards acting as an agent in Ulster for certain exiles on the continent. Captain Patrick Crawford was a faithful and highly esteemed officer, being selected as one of those servitors who were supposed to be specially fitted to become undertakers. He did not, however, long enjoy his newly acquired estate. He was appointed to accompany Sir Oliver Lambert, in an expedition against Dunyveg in Isia, and fell at the si^e of that fortress, early in the month of February, 161 3- 14. Lambert, when writinc; to the King an account of the expedition, concludes his letter in the following words : — "Your Majesty has lost, in the death of Captain Craiflford, a valiant and painful captain, by whom I was not a little assisted. The fortune of war is not to be resisted."

    (224). Vauffhan. — A Mr. Fox, writing from Dublin to Salisbury, in May, x6io, mentions a report then in circulation "of the killing of Captain John Vaughan, the Sheriff of the county of Dunnagall, by a Scotchman, upon a sudden falling out between them." There were many Scotchmen crowding into that region at the date referred to, who would have made short work with English sheriffs, had circumstances required the practical use of the dirk ; but whatever happened in the case talked of, Vaughan survived, and was destined to enjoy still greater wealth and more distinguished honours than he had then' attained. He was afterwards created a knight, admitted a member of the Privy Council, and appointed governor of the city of Londonderry. His daughter and heir, Sydney Vaughan, married Sir Frederick Hamilton, youngest son of I>ord Paisley, who followed his brothers to Ulster in the year 1620, and whose representatives became the Viscounts Boyne. See IjfAgt^ Peerage^ edited by Archdall, vol. v., p. 174.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 265

26. Derry bishopric reduced from £1,000 to £400 per annum

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1612

    King James reported that the Derry bishopric, once worth £1,000 per annum, had been reduced to under £400 through the mismanagement of Bishop Babington, who was misled by self-interested parties. The King ordered Chichester to restore the bishop's lands and sequestrate the rents.

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    course they have taken about the complaint which he has from the late Bishop of Derry. On full consideration of the case, they have come to the conclusion that the said grant to the prejudice of the church is defeasable- [may be annulled] and they have subscribed that judgment, as his lordship will see by what the bearer has to shew him. They recommend the cause, therefore, to his care, as a matter concerning not merely the bishop's private Interest, but the public interest of that church ; and they require him to take such course as will secure the bishop s speedy restoration to his right without any further privil^e to the defendant who has deserved so ill that he is entitled to nothing but what common justice can challenge in his behalf." On the 23rd of the same month, the King himself issued the following mandate to Chichester, respecting Rowley's doings, which appear to have deeply offended the authorities in London; — "Dr. Babington, late Bishop of Derry, misled by those who intended only their own gain without care of the church, has made such havoc and spoil of that bishopric, that having been worth 1, 00c/. per annum, the tenants being reasonable gainers, it is now not worth 400/. a year. And the King being certified by his learned counsel that the bases may be avoided [made void], he [Chichester] is to take to his assistance the Chancellor, the Chief Justice^ and Chief Baron, and to call before himself and them all such

    Sirsons as hold any of the said lands, such as Dr. ampton> the now bishop* shall desire to be cited, and he and they are to do according to law and justice. And, in the meantime, he is to sequestrate the rents ; and the bishop is to be restored, as well to the lands withheld^ from him, as to the rents sequestrated. And John Rowley, ' one of the London agents, and others having, as the King, is informed, committed great havoc in the- woods of Clan- • concane and Killetro,. within the pcecinct of the Londoners'

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 341

27. Derry's fortifications and urban decay

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1608–1609

    Following O'Dogherty's revolt, Derry's forts were repaired with earth and sod rampiers, and a castle was begun for the King's arms. Despite this, the city was decaying due to land disputes between Sir George Pawlett and the Bishop, lack of common land for inhabitants, and the departure of its people.

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    scopes to themselves without r^;ard of the public go<xl of the place. . . . The very site of the place is the Bishop's, as he alleges ; but Sir George Pawlett possesses it, and all the other lands next adjoining on the Tyrconnell side belong either to him [the bishop], or to Sir George Pawlett, who purchased the same from Sir Henry Docwrae. Moreover, the office of Provost there is made perpetual during the life of Sir Henry Docwrae (see note 8), neither the honour thereof, nor the benefit, if any, being communicable among the injiabitants. By reason of all which, and of the dissensions between Sir George Pawlett and the Bishop, captains, and principal inhabitants, the poor infant city daily consumes and wears away, and will be soon resolved into her first principals again, if she be not forthwith strengthened and restored with some comforts from the King, or if the Government thereof do not by fortune take a letter settlement than he can hope for."

    (10). Two miles of the city, — ^This, it must be remembered, was written after the defeat and death of O'Dogherty, and whilst Chichester had just been urging his own claims to get possession of Inishowen. He did not now, therefore, reconmiend that any part of O'Doeherty's lands should be annexed to Deny, out only such as fay between that place and the boundary line of the 0*Dogherty estates which reached within two miles of Deny.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 294

28. Donegal port received Scottish settlers during plantation

    Donegal · town · Donegal · 1608–1620

    The port of Donegal town was one of three main arrival points for Scottish settlers coming from Glasgow, Ayr, Irwin, Greenock, and Largs during the Ulster Plantation, facilitated by Bishop Montgomery's intelligence networks at the seaports.

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    Whether the Primate, or the Bishop of Kilmore, made any efforts in bringing * Britons' to Ulster, we cannot discover, but it is only justice to Bishop Montgomery to state that his zeal in planting his termon and herenagh lands was in proportion to their great extent, and that it continued as long as he lived ; for, although he was transferred soon after the conference above mentioned to the see of Meath, he was permitted to hold that of Clogher also, in eommendam, until the time of his death in 1620. He grand-nephew, William Montgomery, the writer of the well-known Montgomery Manuscripts^ has rendered due homage to the bishop's zeal in this matter of plantation, by which so many of his kinsmen were brought from Scotland (45). " Now,'' says he, " as to his Lordship's usefulness in advancing the British plantation in those three northern dioceses [Derry, Clogher, and Raphoe], the footsteps of his so doing are yet [1680] visible; so that I need but tell the reader that he [the bishop] was very watchfull, and settled intelligences to be given from all the seaports in Donegal and Fermanagh, himself most residing at Derry but when he went to view and lease the bishop's lands, or settled preachers in parishes (of which he was very careful). The ports resorted from Scotland were Derry, Donegal, and Killybegs (46) ; to which places the most that came were from Glasgow, Ayr, Irwin, Greenock, and Largs, and places within

    (45). From Scotland, — In the Calendar of Patent Rolls, of the reign of James I., are recorded the names of niany from Ayrshire and other adjoining shires, who obtained letters of denization as settlers in the counties of Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Donegal, and who were thus encouraged to come to Ulster by the inducements held out by Bishop Montgomery. See pp. 306, 307, 339.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 167

29. Dungiven Abbey disputed by Londoners

    near Dungiven · town · Derry · 1609–1610

    The Londoners demanded control of Dungiven Abbey, claiming they understood that some individuals sought to turn it to their own private ends. The commissioners noted that freeholders already named could not be removed without inconvenience.

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    good service to the State, could not be removed without inconvenience, besides the discouragement to men of desert The Londoners replied that they named the abbey of Dungiven, because they understood there were some who went about to turn it to their own private ends. For those freeholders formerly named, they wished them well, but would by no means have any promiscuous habitation with the Irish, unless they were contented to be their tenants. Consideration left to the Lords.

    ^* Demand, They demanded the woods of Clancumken [Glanconkeyn] and Killeightragh, with the soil of the same woods, to be wholly to their use and possession. Answer. That the woods were of as long extent as the whole coimty of Colrane, and more than would serve for that plantation. It was intended they [the Londoners] should have as much of these woods as would serve to build towns and plant the country, the remainder to be left to the use of posterity, or disposed of by the King. The Londoners replied that the woods in the county of Tyrone were of no use, but either to be spent on the groimd, or to be brought doMm the Ban to those places they had undertaken ; and that they were so spoiled by the people of the country in late years, that the best part was cut down and purloined away ; whereby they feared there would be want of wood within a short time, unless some order was taken for their preservation. Their purpose was not to make any foreign sale of the wood, or turn it into merchandise, but having settled a trade in those parts, their care was to have timber for shipping. To that end they desired the conservation of those woods and the soil as lords of the same. Difference. Sir James Ley and the rest thought fit that the controversy should be continued in the King, and left it as a difference not agreed upon to the consideration of the Lords.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 311

30. Dungivin castle and its grant to the Skinners' Company

    near Dungiven · town · Derry

    Dr. Reeves notes that Dungivin and Glengivin may be latinised as 'Munitio pellium' and 'vallis pellium,' meaning fort and valley of skins. It is a curious coincidence that, a thousand years after receiving these names, both places were accidentally granted to the Skinners' Company of London.

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    (6). Downgevyne. — Dr. Reeves states that "Dungivin and Glengivin may be latinised 'Munitio pellium* and 'vallis pellium,' and it is a curious coincidence to find them both, a thousand years after they received these names, accidentally granted to the Skinners^ Company ^^ See Cotton* s Visitation, edited by Dr. Reeves, p. 41.

    (7)' Quyvally, — ^The O'Cahan here so ridiculously misnamed by Chichester has, also, in another State Paper, been made to represent no fewer than three individuals ! His real name was Manus McCoey Ballagh (not ut Quyvally) McRichard, or Manus, son of Cumhaighe or Coey Ballagh, son of Richard or Rory O'Cahan.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 292

    As the companion tells it

    Not far along this road lies the town of Dungiven. Dr. Reeves pointed out something curious about its name. Dungivin and Glengivin may be latinised as 'Munitio pellium' and 'vallis pellium,' meaning fort and valley of skins. A thousand years after these places received those names, both were accidentally granted to the Skinners' Company of London. The names spoke of skins, and the company dealt in skins, yet the connection, as Reeves called it, was a curious coincidence.

31. Dutchmen propose to settle on shores of Lough Foyle

    near Lough Foyle · estuary · Derry · 1608–1620

    Dutchmen proposed to settle on the shores of Lough Foyle, displaying industry and enterprise. Two were employed as engineers in Ireland, highlighting the role of foreign settlers in the plantation.

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    Dutchmen, account of their proposal to settle on the shores of Lough Foyle, 182, 183 ; their industry and enterprise, ib, ; two employed as engineers in Ireland, ib,

    Dutton, Thomas, notice of, 501.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

32. Enniskillen town planted and incorporated under William Cole

    near Enniskillen · town · Fermanagh · 1612

    William Cole was granted 320 acres, 80 of which were assigned for the town of Enniskillen, excluding the castle and two-thirds of the island. Cole entered bonds to the Crown for planting, building, and inhabiting the town according to a plan set by the Lord Deputy, and having fulfilled his engagements the town was incorporated by charter, with Cole as first provost.

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    (251). William Cole, — Seep. 179. The representatives of this undertaker, have, since his time, laid claim to a distinguished origin from the circumstance that the name Cole appears with others in a deed of William the Conqueror, in the year 107a At the time of this William Cole's advent to Ireland, there were very many families having the same surname in England, but how he was descended, or whether he was descended at all fh>m the Coleoi 1070, does not appear, although Lodge, with the help of a family pedigree, has done his best to make matters dear. (See vol. vi. oimsPeerage, edited by Archdall, pp. 37, 43). In addition, however, to Captain Cole's proportion of Corrig^rade, as above described, 320 acres were granted to him, 28th May, 1612, at a rent of 20 shillings Irish, 80 acres of which were ''assigned for the town of Enniskillen, with exception of the castle and the other two third parts of the island of Enniskillen, together with covenants for planting, building, and inhabiting the said town, according to a plan set down by the Lonl Deputy for Sir Ralph

    Bingley, and Captain Basil Brook, with the grant of a market and a fair, the clerkship of the market, and keeping of a toll booth within the said town ; and a prohibition that none should sell by retail within three miles of the town, but such as Captain Cole should plant there or be resident ; for performance of which covenants he entered into bonds to the Crown, and having fulHlled his engagements, the town was incorporated by charter, he himself being the first provost. " Ibid. p. 43.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 275

33. Grant of Tanderagee to Sir Oliver St John

    Tanderagee · townland · Armagh · 1609–1610

    Sir Oliver St John was granted the castle and town of Tanderagee (Ballymore) and surrounding lands in 1609-10. He settled on O'Hanlon's old castle, which was surrounded by bogs and near four lakes, founding a family represented by the Dukes of Manchester.

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    2. Grant to Sir Oliver St John (209), master of the Ordnance, the castle and town of Tonregie [Tanderagee] otherwise Ballymore, Mullabedy, TuUagh-Hugh, Darrowgallen, and Lisbatie, one balliboe each ; Cargines, 2 balliboes ; Mullaghglasse, Tawnereogh, Tawnatee, Coronaght, and Creenaghbegg, one balliboe each; Lisray, 7, balliboe; in all, 1,500. Rent, 12/. English. The premises are created the manor of Ballymore, with 600 acres in demesne, and a court baron. To hold forever, as of the castle of Dublin, in common socage, and subject to the conditions of the plantation of Ulster. 28 December, 8th [1609-10].

    area of the old precinct, or of the two modem baronies, is about 75,000 acres, which the baronial map represents as entirely occupied by servitors and natives, excepting 1,910 acres for glebes, a free school, and Fort Mountnorris, the said servitors and natives not being supposed to have had more than about 11,000 acres of arable land distributed amongst them all !

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 255

34. Hugh Roe McMahon executed as traitor after going to Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    Hugh Roe McMahon, having succeeded his brother Sir Rosse McMahon by letters patent, came to Dublin on the word of a nobleman and Henry Moore. He was afterwards executed as a traitor for distraining for his right according to custom, breeding terror among other great lords.

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    "ii. Hugh Roe McMahon succeeding his brother Sir Rosse McMahon by virtue of her majesty's letters patents, and coming to the State [/>., going to Dublin] upon the word of a nobleman here, and the word also of Henry Moore, deceased, a gentleman of worship, was afterwards executed as a traitor for distraining for his right according to custom (45).

    " 12. The lord deputy sent Humfrey Willis and John Fuller, a couple of base men, with 300 men or more, to invade Fermanagh suddenly, upon pretence that the said Humfrey Willis went thither as a sheriff; whereupon Magwire gathered 600 or 700 men, and besieged them in a church. The earl [of Tyrone] rescued them, and procured licence for them safely to return, with bag and baggage (46).

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 38

35. Inquisition at Dungannon on Tyrone land ownership

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1608–1609

    An inquisition was held at Dungannon in autumn 1608 and again in 1609 to determine legal ownership of temporal and ecclesiastical lands throughout County Tyrone. The jury found all temporal land escheated to the Crown by the outlawry of the Earl, except two ballybetaghs granted to Sir Henry Oge O'Neale.

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    These jurors were, in most instances, the same who had served in a similar capacity during the assize and sur\'ey held at Dungannon in the preceding autumn of 1608, when, as Davys afterwards stated in a Jetter to Salisbury, " the Hagans, the Quinns, the Divelins, and the rest of the late earPs followers, gave as diligent attention as they were wont when their fugitive master was present" (17). At the inquisition in Dungannon of the prceding autumn, 1608, the question as to the legal ownership of the lands, temporal and ecclesiastical, throughout Tyrone came up for special notice ; ,and the following is Davys's account of the decision on this point, in a letter written immediately afterwards to Salisbury, from the vicinity of Coleraine : — " Touching the survey of these countries which are now devolved on the Crown, — Mr. Treasurer [Ridgeway] and himself [Davys], before the surveyor came, took an Inquisition at Dungannon ; whereby they surveyed all the county of Tyrone, and found all the temporal land in that county escheated to the Crown by the outlawry of

    low, Wexford, Kilkenny, Waterford, Kildare, King's, Queen's* Loath, Meath, Westmeath, and Longford, and the whole province of Leinster. See Erck's Repertory^ pp. 251, 255, 485, 487, 492, 686, 741. Sexten and Parsons acted as each other's deputies.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 129

36. Irish Society condemns neglect of Vintners' proportion, 1838

    near Bellaghy · townland · Derry · 1838

    In 1838, the Irish Society reported that the proprietors of the Vintners' proportion were inattentive to their duties, with bitter and loud complaints from inhabitants about neglect of their interests, morals, and comfort.

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    number of trees scattered about Mrs. Downing's house at Rose-Gift ; and, at the old castle of Bellaghy, some fine old timber revives the idea of former and belter times. Trees are also flourishing on the demesne of Ballyscullion. Mr. Spottiswood has planted with good success at Bellaghy. His farming inclosures are thriving and wellpreserved, and his example is valuable in that neighbourhood. Near to Portglenone, Mr. Ellis of InnisnisH, and Mr. Courteney of Glen-Owen, have respectable residences and plantations. There are some improvements of the same nature at Moyagney." (See Memoir of the Charts pp. 255, 256). The settlers had ruthlessly cut down all the fine old woods on the barony of Loughinsholin, and there afterwards came a great reaction in public opinion on this matter, so great that men were praised or blamed according to their cultivation or clearing away of trees. The Irish Society, of course, did not approve of the Vintners' sale of their lands. The Society continues, however, occasionally to talk at the purchasers of companies* lands, on the pages of their reports. Thus, of the Vintners, in 1838, the Society says: — **\Veare sorry to say the parties to whom this proportion belongs are very inattentive to their duties. The complaints of the inhabitants of the neglect of the parties by whom the land is possessed to their interests, are bitter, loud, and long. They appear quite regardless of the morals or comfort of the tenantry, nor does there appear to be any anxiety displayed to carry out the object of the Settlement. If the Vintners' Company were warranted, which we very much question, in transferring their lands to the management of others, it is quite clear they cannot divest the present proprietors of the responsibilities and claims with which they are charged, and which are so clearly defined by the charter. The lands were conveyed, not for the paltry purposes of gain, but for the promotion of the Protestant religion, and civilization of the inhabitants by education, &c. In this state of things it is clearly the duty of the Society, as governors of the Plantation, to call the Vintners' Company, or the parties holding under them, to account for the gross mismanagement and neglect of this proportion." See Report, 1838, p. 39.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 496

37. Island Magee omitted from O'Neill's peace conditions

    near Island Magee · parish · Antrim

    Shane MacBrian O'Neill sought pardon and liberty of conscience for himself and his country, but his conditions did not even include the restoration of Island Magee, a territory previously held by his family. This omission underscored the diminished terms the Irish chiefs were forced to accept.

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    Shane M^Brian (yNeiWs conditions (which did not even include the restoration of Island- Magee and Magheramome) were — " i. Pardon for himself his country, and followers. 2. That all may have free liberty of conscience. 3. That no garrison be placed in his country. 4. That he will yield her Majesty such rents and services as his predecessors did. 5. He claims a yearns remittal of rent, in respect of the waste of his country."

    Brian APHugh Oge and Ever M^Colio Macmahon protest that their disloyalty proceeded through their hard usages, and their conditions of surrender and peace are — " i. Pardon for themselves, their people, and goods, with all lands spiritual and temporal within MacMahon's country. They will yearly pay 100 good beoves, or in lieu of every beofe 20X. sterling, and rising out as formerly. 2. In respect of the waste of the country by reason of wars, they crave one year without rent ; and liberty of conscience for themselves and the inhabitants of their countrys. 3. They desire they may be no longer chaiged or governed by seneschals, sheriffs, or garrisons, until their fear be lessened, but that commissioners may be appointed for all controversies (69)." See Calendar of Carew MSS.y third series, pp. 125, 151-158.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 50

38. John de Courcy defeated and fled wounded to Dublin in 1178

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1177–1178

    John de Courcy was opposed by Cumaidhe O'Flinn in his advance upon Hy-Tuirtre and Fir-Lee. In 1178, having again invaded Dal-Aradia, de Courcy encountered Cumaidhe O'Flinn, suffered a defeat, and fled wounded to Dublin.

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    1 1 77* *John de Courcy was opposed in his advance upon Hy-Tuirtre and Fir-Lee by Cumaidhe O'Flinn. In the following year, having again invaded Dal-Aradia, he encountered Cumaidhe O'Flinn, lord of Hy-Tuirtre and Fir- Lee, and having suffered a defeat he fied, wounded, to Dublin." (See Reeves' Eccles. ^tUiguUies, pp. 294-296. ) The Hy-Tuirtre continued to be governed by their own lords or chiefs, the O'Flinns, until near the close of the fourteenth century.

    »>

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    This is Dublin. In 1177, John de Courcy advanced upon Hy-Tuirtre and Fir-Lee, but Cumuidhe O'Flinn opposed him. The next year, de Courcy invaded Dal-Aradia again. He met Cumuidhe O'Flinn, lord of Hy-Tuirtre and Fir-Lee, and was defeated. He fled, wounded, to Dublin. The O'Flinns went on governing Hy-Tuirtre until near the close of the 1300s.

39. Landing at Traigh Rudhraighe near Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 628–637

    According to the tract on the Battle of Magh Rath, Congal Claen and Domhnall put in at Traigh Rudhraighe, the strand at the mouth of the river Erne near Ballyshannon, on their return from exile in Alba, where they held a short consultation before proceeding inland.

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    (13), His enemies, — ^The following is Congal*s account of the relations between himself and the monarch Domhnall, as |;iven by the author of the tract entitled the Battle ofMagh J^atA.'—^'Be not afraid, O King, for although the injuries that thou hast done me, are great, thou needest not dread me now ; and I will now state the injuries thou hast done to me. The king who preceded thee over Erin was Suibhne Menn (monarch from the year 615 to 628), son of Fiachna, son of Feradhach, son of Miiiredhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages ; thou wert not obedient to that king, and thou didst go to make a treaty with the Ultonians, and I was given in fosterage to thee by my father and my own tribe ; a woman of my own tribe was sent with me to nurse me with thee, but when she reached thy house thou didst send the Ultonian woman back to her own country, and thou didst place a woman of thine own tribe to nurse me in the garden of the fort in which thou dwellest It happened on a certain day that I was left alone in the garden without any one to take care of me, and the little ^es of the garden rose up with the heat of the sun, and one of them put its venom in one of my eyes, so that my eye became awry, from which I have been named Congal Claen (i.A, crook-eyed). I was nursed by thee until thou wast expelled by Suibhne Menn, king of Erin, and then thou didst repair to the king of Alba, taking me along with thee in that exile ; and thou didst receive great honour from him, and you formed a treaty, thou and the king of Alba, and he protested to thee that he would not oppose thee as long as the sea should surround Erin. Thou didst afterwards return to Erin, and I returned along with thee, for I was in exile with thee. We put in at Traigh Rudhraighe [the strand at the mouth of the river Erne, near Ballyshannon], and here we held a short consultation. And what thou didst say was, that whoever thou shouldst get to betray the king of Erin, thou wouldst be bound to

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyshannon sits where the river Erne meets the sea, and more than thirteen hundred years ago a strand at its mouth received two men returning from exile. The tract on the Battle of Magh Rath tells of Congal Claen and the monarch Domhnall putting in at Traigh Rudhraighe, that strand, after years away in Alba. The trouble between them went back to Congal's childhood. Domhnall had been given the boy in fosterage by Congal's father and tribe. A woman of Congal's own tribe was sent to nurse him, but Domhnall sent her back and put a woman of his own tribe in her place. One day the child was left alone in the garden of the fort. The heat of the sun drew up the little creatures of the garden, and one of them put its venom in Congal's eye. His eye became awry, and from that he was called Congal Claen, the crook-eyed. Before all this, Domhnall had refused obedience to Suibhne Menn, king of Erin from 615 to 628, and had gone instead to make a treaty with the Ultonians. Suibhne Menn expelled him, and Domhnall fled to the king of Alba, taking the young Congal into exile with him. There they received great honour. The king of Alba made a treaty with Domhnall and swore he would not oppose him as long as the sea should surround Erin. Afterwards they came back. They landed at Traigh Rudhraighe and held a short consultation on the strand before moving inland. Congal spoke to Domhnall there. He told him not to be afraid, though the injuries Domhnall had done him were great. The return fell in the years between 628 and 637, and it would lead on toward the Battle of Magh Rath.

40. London agents land at Carrickfergus en route to plantation lands

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1609

    Sir Thomas Phillips and the four London agents landed at Carrickfergus before proceeding to view the plantation lands in County Coleraine. From Carrickfergus they traveled toward Limavady, viewing Coleraine and the river Bann beneath the Leape along the way.

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    We have a more ample reference to their movements, however,in a letter of Chichester to Salisbury, written from "The Camp in Fermanagh, near Enishkeelyn, 18 September, 1609." His account of the four London traders is neither so graphic nor facetious as that of 1 )a^•^ s, but it is very much more interesting. " Sir Thomas Phillips," says Chichester, " with the four agents of London, came unto him likewise in the county of Coleraine. They landed at Knockfergus, and in their way from thence [to Limavaddy] they beheld Coleraine and the river of Banne Ijeneath the Leape ; they have now seen the Deny, the river of Loughfoyle, the Lyffer, and sundry jiarts adjoining ; and they like so well of the scites, the lands adjoining the rivers, and the commodities they think to raise by their purse and good husbandry, that they assure him the city of T/^ndon will really undertake the plantation upon the report they are to make, and that with cxi>cdition. If they should not, as he has often told them, they will be enemies to themselves ; for the fishings, lands, and woods, with toleration of custom and other privileges, which his Majesty has graciously proffered to them, are worth not less than 2,000/. a year as they now arc, and tlieir purse and industry will, within two or three years, improve them to double that vcduc. They came in a convenient time, when the people in each county made their appearance, declaring their obedience and submission to the law in a far better fashion than within these three years he ever expected to hav^ seen within this province, and if his good usage, and that of the council with him, could aid

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 301

41. Lord Ochiltree builds oak houses in old fort at Mountjoy

    near Mountjoy · population centre · Tyrone · 1610–1611

    Lord Ochiltree arrived in Ireland with 33 followers and built three oak-timber houses within an old fort, around which he was building a bawn. He had 240 great trees felled and was preparing stone, brick, and lime for a castle to be finished the following spring.

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    [" 77ie Precinct of Mountjoy, The Lord Uchdrie [Ochiltree], 3,000 acres ; being stayed by contrary winds in Scotland, arrived in Ireland (at the time of our being in Armagh, upon our return home), accompanied with 33 followers, gent [gentlemen] of sort [rank], a minister, some tenants, freeholders, and artificers, unto whom he hath passed estates; and hath built for his present use three houses of oak timber, one of 50 foot long and 22 wide, and two of 40 foot long, within an old fort, about which he is building a bawn. He has sundry men at work providing materials, and there are in readiness 240 great trees felled, and some squared ; and is preparing stone, brick, and lime for building a castle, which he means to finish next Spring. There are two ploughs going upon his demesne, with some 50 cows, and three score young heifers landed at Island Magy [Magee], in Clandeboy, which are coming to his proportion, and some 12 working mares; and he intends to begin residence upon his land the next Spring, as he informeth us. Sir Robert HepbumCy Knight ^ i»5oo acres ; sowed oats and barley the last year upon his land, and reaped this harvest 40 hogsheads of com; is resident; hath 140 cows, young and old, in stock, and 8 mares. Hath 7 householders, being in number 20 persons ; is building a stone house 40 foot long and 20 wide, already a story high, and before the end of this season he intends to have it three stories high, and to cover it, and the next Spring to add another story to it ; good store of timber felled and squared, and providing materials to finish the work. The Laird Lochnorris^ 1,000 acres ; being diseased himself, as we were informed, had his agent here, Robert O'Rorke ; hath some timber felled, and is preparing materials for building against next Spring. Bernard Lendsey and Robert Lendsey, 1,000 acres apiece, have taken possession personally in the Summer, x6io, returned into Scotland; agent, Robert Cowties, resident; a timber house is built on Robert Lendsey's portion, who hath three householders, being in number 1 2 persons. Hath eight mares and eight cows with their calves, and five oxen, with swine and other small cattle, and a competent portion of arms. Robert Stewart of Haulton, 1,000 acres ; has appeared in person, having brought

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 455

42. Malachi II defeats Northmen at Dublin and seizes Scandinavian treasures

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 980

    Malachi II won a decisive victory over the Northmen near Dublin, seizing a golden collar and sword that had been family treasures of the Scandinavian prince Tomar. The Four Masters record the taking of the ring of Tomar and the sword of Carlus from the foreigners of Ath-Cliath.

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    A son of Aedh Finnliath, named Niall, and nicknamed Glundubh, or * Black-Knee,' was chosen to succeed as^monarch of Erin, in 916 ; but his reign was brief, for he fell sword in hand three years afterwards, defending Ulster against a greater than usual horde of Northmen, who arrived in the autumn of 919. From this Niall Glundubh, the whole race or family took their surname of (yNeilL A great grandson.of Niall Glundubh, known as Maelseachlainn, or Malachi IL, was elected in 980, and signaHsed his reign by two crushing defeats of the Northmen, obtaining greater victories than any previously won against them during the long and terrible struggle that had been going on -since their first appearance in 797. These victories were achieved at Tara and Dublin, and were attended by the happiest results for the country. Before the victory at Tara the inhabitants had been reduced to the most deplorable condition — z, fact but too significantly told in a proclamation issued by the brave monarch, immediately after the battie. " It was then," say the Four Masters, " Maelseachlainn himself issued the famous proclamation, in which he said — * Every one of the Gaeidhil, who is in the territory of the foreigners, in servitude and bondage, let him go to his own territory in peace and happiness. This captivity was the Babylonian captivity of Ireland, until they were released by Maelseachlainn ; it was indeed next to the captivity of Hell." In his battle subsequently Tvith the Northmen, near the present city of Dublin, the victory gained by the Irish over their oppressors was equally decisive. Among the booty then seized by Malachi were a golden collar and a sword, which had been preserved as family treasures among the descendants of a great Scandinavian prince named Tomar. The Four Masters notice this incident of the battle at Ath-Cliath, or Dublin, as follows : — "The ring of Tomar and the sword of Carlus were carried away by force by Maelseachlainn, fix)m the foreigners of Ath-Cliath." Our Irish bard has the following popular and spirited comment : —

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was the site of one of the most decisive victories Ireland ever won over the Northmen. In 980, Malachi the Second was elected monarch. He was a great grandson of Niall Glundubh, a king who had fallen sword in hand defending Ulster against the Northmen back in 919. Malachi signalled his reign with two crushing defeats of the Northmen, at Tara and at Dublin, greater victories than any previously won against them since the invaders first appeared in 797. Before the victory at Tara, the people had been reduced to the most deplorable condition. After the battle, Malachi issued a proclamation. The Four Masters recorded his words: every one of the Gael who is in the territory of the foreigners, in servitude and bondage, let him go to his own territory in peace and happiness. They called that captivity the Babylonian captivity of Ireland, and said it was next to the captivity of Hell. Then came the battle near Dublin. The victory was equally decisive. Among the booty Malachi seized were a golden collar and a sword, preserved as family treasures among the descendants of a great Scandinavian prince named Tomar. The Four Masters recorded it plainly: the ring of Tomar and the sword of Carlus were carried away by force by Maelseachlainn, from the foreigners of Ath-Cliath.

43. Native gentry lands absorbed into Charlemont estates

    near Charlemont · village · Armagh

    Lands of 2,000 and 3,000 acres granted to two individuals eventually passed to Sir Toby Caulfield and were incorporated into the Charlemont estates by the act of settlement, illustrating how native holdings were consolidated under British landlords.

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    then settling in that district And such was indeed the result ; for the 2,000 acres granted to the one, and the 3,000 to the other, soon came into the hands of Sir Toby Caulfield, and were eventually incorporated by the act of settlement in the Charlemont estates. These are only a few cases among several of minor importance that might be mentioned.

    But the fate of such native gentry as were serviceable in various ways to the Government, and afterwards rewarded by small shreds of barren soil far away from their native homes, was pitiable indeed. For them, and still less for the much greater number of equal rank who had been utterly cast out, the British settlers generally do not appear to have had any kind thoughts or sympathies. The policy of the latter in the winter of i6ii, or, as soon as they had got their first crops saved, (and almost exclusively by native hands), was to discourage and drive away such Irish as had even supplied them with provisions during the twelve months preceding. The British settlers did not

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 287

44. Natives of Donegal claim freeholds after O'Dogherty's revolt

    Donegal · town · Donegal · 1608–1610

    Following O'Dogherty's revolt and the attainder or killing of their chieftains, natives of County Donegal asserted they retained freeholder status. Many undertenants remained in possession of un-escheated freeholds despite proceedings against their leaders.

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    who, however, had rendered him good services during O'Dogherty's revolt and subsequently; nay, it will further appear, that the tenant-settlers from England and Scotland, instead of encountering 'storms' such as the deputy had predicted, were actually dependant on the natives for lodgings and provisions for a considerable time after their arrival ! Chichester never appears to have contemplated the enforcement of any building injimctions on the native undertakers or freeholders, this clause being introduced into the Articles solely on the authority of the council in London. Chichester's idea was eventually adopted ; the natives had to pay higher rents ; but were relieved from the rule of building expensive houses, although they were required to build for themselves habitations like the English of the Pale. This injunction, however, had reference to the humble Irish wno got small grants in several counties ; but such nobles and gentry among the natives as obtained one or two ballybetaghs each, aspired to castles and bawns like the other undertakers. Referring to the claims of those natives who had served the government during O'Doghcrty's revolt, and had, in return, received promises of lands, the deputy states in his comments on the 'Orders and Conditions' that "it should be left in the power and discretion of the commissioners to provide so sufficiently for the natives as shall be then tnought requisite. There are many more of them claiming and in expectation of freeholds than seems to have been considered of ; specially those of the counties of Cavan, Fermanagh, and Done£;al, who are still, as they allege, to be accounted freeholders, notwithstanding the offices taken, after the killing in rebellion of their several chieftains, or the attainder of any of them, the undertenants many of them being in possession of freeholds at this day, not escheated, as they affirm, notwithstandii^ the proceedings against their said chieftains."

    (35). Armer Undertakers, — See preceding note.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 73

45. O'Cor family of Lissan and banshee Aine tradition at Slieve Gallon

    Lissan · townland · Tyrone

    The O'Cor family, now known as Corrs, were settled in great numbers in the parish of Lissan beside Slieve Gallon. The banshee Aine was believed to bewail their approaching dissolution, as other banshees did for the O'Donovans and O'Briens.

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    (106). Captain O'C^^r.— The family or sept of the O'Cors, now Corrs, ** are settled in great number in the parish of Lissan, beside Slieve Gallon, where it is be* lieved that the banshee Aine bewails their approaching dissolution, as the banshee Cliodhna [CleenaJ does that of the O'Donovans, and the banshee Oeibhill [Eevil] that of the Dal Cais or O'Briens." See Colton's Visitaium, edited by Reeves, p. 1 2.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 200

46. Overthrow of Derry during O'Dogherty's rising

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1608

    The text references the 'overthrow of the Derry,' when subjects fled the area. It notes that O'Dogherty and others could have inflicted further damage had not the plantation been held, and that the holding of the place provided relief to those who fled.

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    2,500/. " Notwithstanding all things thus undervalued, it is alleged by some (not being thoroughly acquainted with the dangerous hazards he had in getting and holdingjthe place), that it cost him a smaU matter ; to whom it may be well answered, the price of a head, which he often ventured for it, is not to be undervalued ; besides, it is well known that his plantation there, and making good that place, and others in those parts, was a great means of relief to such of his Majesty's subjects as fled at the overthrow of the Derry, and gave a scope to O'Dogherty and others that they (thanks be to God) did his Majesty no further damage ; to this may be remembered that he was a good means to civilize that part, that it gave no small encouragement to the Londoners to proceed arid esteem things of good value in this their plantation. In bringing of this from a vast wilderness, he spent much money and long time, and yet for all this his hazard, care, and industry hath not made his estate much better (his debts being paid) than it was in France, where he first tasted the bounty of his honourable good lordship [Salisbury] that drew him thence into that kingdom, by whose only favour he has ever since been upholden, and has]|[raised to himself this small fortune, which he now prays may not be undervalued."

    V.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 305

47. Phillips' journey through the woods of Loughinshollin

    near Loughinsholin · barony · Derry · 1607

    Sir Thomas Phillips traveled from Coleraine along the wooded ways of Loughinshollin as far as Dungannon in September 1607. He expressed surprise at the improved condition of the district, noting the people were beginning to grow rich with cattle and had great plenty of corn.

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    . (67). Assites and sessions, — These 0*Quins and O'Hagans had been steady adherents of the £^1 of Tyrone, and could not, so easily as some others, bring themselves to accept the new order of things then introduced. They had followed their creaghting, though not tp the neglect of their crops ; and consulted their Brehons without much exciting the jealousies of sheriffs in Tyrone and Armagh, From the time of O'Neiirs surrender in t6o2, untU his flight, with O'Donnell, in 1607, these septs had evidently been among the leading cultivators of the soil, especially in Tyrone. At the latter crisis thev ajppear to have beien bewildered for a time by the '* flight, but continued their agricultural pursuits. Sir Thomas Phillips, on first hearing of that event, made an excursion from Coleraine, along the wooded ways of LougbinshoUin, as £u: as Dungannon. In a letter to Salisbury, dated Sept. 22* 1607, he refers to this journey, and expresses his surprise on witnessing the improved condition of that district even during the short interval above-mentioned. * 'Thought good," says he, '*for securing of the people to go from Coleraine as far as Dungannon, and going through the country the people met him, and were all amazed and ready to forsake their houses. Gave them the best counsel he could, which they promised to take, but there is no trust in them. The Lord Deputy has since sent them a proclamation which could not but satisfy them, if they were good subjects ; they now begin to grow rich, so that for the most part during peace they increase veiy fast in

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 181

48. Phillips's monastery lands at Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1608

    Sir Thomas Phillips purchased property belonging to the old monastery of Coleraine with his own money, but complained it comprised only four townlands yielding £15 per year. He sought a much larger estate as reward for his services to the Crown.

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    property that had belonged to the old monastery of Coleraine. This, however, appeared but a contemptible holding in the purchaser's estimation, although he had got it supplemented by certain other little pickings there, and at Derry. He aimed at having a large estate as a reward for his services to the Crown, and on the flight of the earls, he expected that the day of his good fortune had assuredly come, modestly requesting that he might be rewarded from O'NeilFs lands. In writing to Salisbury, from Coleraine, on the loth of May, 1608, Phillips "protests that his estate is worse now than when he was called out of France. This place [Coleraine] wherein he now dwells, he bought with his own money ; and all the land belonging to it [the monastery] is but four townlands, whereof he makes no more than 1 5/. by the year, having endeavoured for his own strength, and for his Majesty's service, to encourage honest men to dwell near unto him. There is on the other side this river, directly opposite to him, the ruined walls of an old castle within caliver shot, which the Lord Deputy has purposed, for the better strength of this place, to write to his Majesty to bestow upon him [Phillips], with 2,000 acres of land now in his Majesty's gift Begs his Lordship [Salisbury] that 3,000 or 4,000 acres may be bestowed on him, together with the continuance of the 100 men whom he now has."

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 319

49. Sir Stephen Butler's manor of Demglush at Belturbet

    Belturbet · town · Cavan · 1610

    Sir Stephen Butler, an Englishman from Bedfordshire, settled at Belturbet as an undertaker in the Ulster plantation and was granted the whole manor of Demglush including the town of Belturbet and extensive surrounding lands. He was ancestor of the earls of Lanesborough and was knighted for his energy as a planter at the head of Lough Erne.

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    in Ulster, to protect the settlers from their Irish enemies. (96). Butler. — This undertaker was an Englishman, although bearing a surname which has become peculiarly Irish. He was not even related to the great family which has produced so many distinguished earls and (hikes of Ormonde, but settled at Beltiurbet as an undertaker in the plantation of Ulster. He was ancestor of the earls of LAnesborot^h. His wife was Mary, daughter of Gervase Brindsley of Brindsley, in Nottinghamshire. He came here fhun Bedfordshire, and was one in th« consort of Sir John Mallery of York. Butler represented himself as having an estate of 1,500/., and he appears to have been one of the most prosperous of his dass. His energy at a planter, at the head of Lough Erne, soon secured for him the honour of knighthood.

    282

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 227

50. Skinners' Company litigation over Derry and Coleraine revenues, 1838

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1838

    Fierce litigation between the Skinners' Company and the Irish Society culminated in the 1838 trial before Lord Langdale, Master of the Rolls. The Skinners' Company sought a declaration that the twelve Companies were beneficially entitled to the rents and profits of the ferries, fisheries, and town lands adjoining Derry and Coleraine, which the Irish Society held as trustees.

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    That part of the report which asserted that certain possessions, already mentioned, could not be divided among the Companies, was also, in an evil hour for the peace of the Londoners themselves, accepted. It was coupled with the statement, to be sure, that the rents and profits arising from the lands around Deny and Coleraine, the ferries, and the fishings might be divided, and handed to the twelve Companies as a regular item of their revenues. But this was never done ; for these vast sums now arising yearly from fifteen thousand acres around Deny, and nine thousand around Coleraine, and the magnificent fisheries, especially of the Foyle and the Bann, are all lost to the Companies, and appropriated to whatever purposes the Irish Society may think proper. This fact has been the source of endless jealousies and heartburnings between the Companies on one side, and the Irish Society, representing the *City* or London corporation on the other. It has led the Companies, perhaps more than any other cause, to lose their natural interest in the welfare or progress of their Ulster estates, and has been the source of fierce litigation between the Skinners' Company and the Irish Society. This litigation culminated in the memorable trial of 1838, before the Right Honourable Lord Langdale, Master of the Rolls. Sir W. FoUett, one of the counsel for the Skinners' Company, stated the prayer of this Company, as plaintiffs, in the following terms : — "That it may be declared that the plaintiffs and the other Companies who contributed to the expenses of the said new plantation in Ulster, and to whom, and for whose benefit, the said lands and hereditaments were allotted, and conveyed, are beneficially entitled to the rents and profits of the said ferries, fisheries, and town lands [the lands adjoining Derry and Coleraine] ; and that it may be declared that the said Irish Society of London are trustees of the same rents and profits, subject, as aforesaid, for plaintiffs and the said other Companies ; and that an account may be taken, by and under the direction of this Hon. Court, of the rents and profits of said ferries, fisheries, and lands, which have been received by said defefidants, the Irish Society of London ; and that a partition of the said ferries, fisheries, and lands, between the plaintiffs and the said other Companies, may be decreed; and that the same may be effected by proper conveyances. Or, if this Hon, Court shall be of opinion that such partition ought not to be made, then that the said Irish Society of London may be removed from being trustees, and that one or more of the said Companies, or such person or persons as to this Hon. Court may appear best, may be appointed trustee or trustees, or that such other arrangement, as to this Hon« Court may appear just and proper, may be made, securing to plaintiffs and said other

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 347

51. Strabane burnt by O'Dogherty, then resettled

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone · 1608–1620

    Strabane was burnt to the ground by O'Dogherty and then permitted to be taken by the O'Neales. Chichester suggested reserving the town for Scottish settlers who would make it a pretty town. It became one of the corporate towns of Tyrone.

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    this branch of the O'Neills: — "He has delivered the possession of the Newtowne with some three ballybetaghs of land [about 3000 Irish acres] to Tirlagh and Neal M'Arte, the children of Sir Arte O'Neale, in respect of the good services they did against the traitor O'Dogherty, and the relief they gave to the' Lifler upon the burning of Derry. Thinks this sufficient for them, but they do not. If the King will be pleased to reserve the town of Straban, which stands within the lands now assigned to them, and give them a greater scope on the other side, he think it best for his service, for divers Scottish men will plant there, and make it a pretty town, albeit it was all burnt to the CTound by O'Doghertie, which was the cause they [the O Neals] were permitted to take it at this time."

    (24). Sir Henry Oge O'Nealis sons, — These lands lay principally in Tyrone, on the north-western bank of the Blackwater, and were in possessioiT of Sir Henry's sons and kinsmen.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 80

52. Tirlagh McArt O'Neill of Newtown assigned Dungannon precinct

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1608–1610

    Tirlagh McArt O'Neill, identified as being of Newtown in Tyrone, was assigned two middle proportions in the precinct of Dungannon, with one middle proportion to be divided among his brothers Neal, Con, and Brian.

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    (20). Oth^r Place. — The commissioners reported in reply to the above article : — ** This is performed, and their possessions established for the time, by several warrants of the Lord Deputy and Council, viz., the mother of Tyrconnell hatn 16 quarters in the county of Donegall ; O'Reiley's widow eight quarters in said county ; M'Gwire's mother [widow of Sir Hugh Maguire and daughter of the Earl of Tyrone] 8 quarters in the county of Fermanagh ; Catherine Butler [niece of Ormonde, and widow of Mulmorie O'Reilly] an annual rent of five shillings out of every polle in the barony of Loughtee, in the county of Cavan, m lieu whereof, upon the settling of the natives in their portions, a competent portion of land shall be assigned unto her." It is strange that, in the article above. Sir John O'Reilly's widow is not jgnentioned, although her existence is duly noted in the commissioners' answer. The lady is specially mentioned in the 14th article of the earlier set ol instructions, but why her lands were assigned to her in the county of Don^^ it would be difficult to imagine. The following interesting document has special reference to the provision made for a few native Irish of high rank — ^nobles and gentry — recording their names and the places where they obtained their portions of land : — I. " Art McBaron and his wife, and the longest liver of them, to have one great proportion of 2,000 acres in the barony of Orior. 2. Connor Roe McGwire to have but one barony [instead of three as promised] called Maghery Stefiiama, and out of that so many islands [in Lough Erne] as belong thereunto to be excepted. The same to be passed to him and his heirs by letters patent ; the islands to be left to the disposition of the Lord Deputy unto servitors. 3. Henry McShane O'Neale to have one great proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Orior, in the county of Armagh. Con O'Neale, his brother, to have one small proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Coole and Tircanada, in Fermanagh. 4. Tirlagh McArt O'Neale [of Newtown in Tyrone, see p. 96] to nave two middle proportions, or after that rate, in the precinct of Donganon ; and to Neal, Con, and Brian, his brethren, one middle proportion, to be divided amongst them, in the same [precinct or barony]. 5. We think it fit that the widows of O'Boyle and Manus O'Donnell be removed from their present abode unto the precinct appointed for natives in the said counties, there to enjoy their portions during life, without rent, and the reversion to remain in the Crown ; and in respect they pay no rent, their portions to be less. 6. The like order to be taken

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 110

53. Wingfield's manor of Benburb and O'Neill stronghold

    Benburb · townland · Tyrone · 1610

    Sir Richard Wingfield received the castle and town of Benburb with 2,000 acres, created as the manor of Benburb. The old stronghold of the O'Neills at Benburb was prominently marked on the plantation map, and the proportion was described as a region of woods, lakes, and bogs, bounded by the Blackwater separating it from County Armagh.

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    the Wingfield family of Letheringham, in the county of Suffolk, which family is believed to have represented an older branch seated at Wingfield, in the same county, before the Conquest. Sir Richard commenced his career underthe auspices of his uncle. Sir William Fitzwilliam, the notoriously mbney*loving Lord Deputy of Ireland, whose administration forms one of the most disastrous periods in the history of this country (see pp^ 38, 53). Sir Richard Wingfield was appointed Marsnal of Ireland by Queen Elizabeth, in x6go, and after the close of the war, and the subsequent defeat of O'Do^herty, he was frequently in Ulster at the head of a formidable force required to keep the northern Irish in order whilst their lands were being confiscated, surveyed, and set apart for the occupation of strangers. Wingfield was created Viscount Powerscourt in 16 1 8, and died in 1634, his estates devolving upon his cousin. Sir Exlward Wingfield, who had served under Robert Earl of Essex. His proportion in the barony of Dungannon lay principally along the soutliem border, and was bounded by the Blackwater, which separated its lands from those in the county of Armagh. On the map, the old stronghold of the O'Neills at Benburb has due prominence ; and this proportion is represented as a region of woods, lakes, and bogs.

    3i6

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 258

54. Roger Attkinson appointed provost-marshall of Lough Foyle and Derry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1604

    Roger Attkinson, who came to Ireland around the start of the war with O'Neill in 1595, was granted a pension likely for services as a spy. In November 1604 he was granted the office of provost-marshall of Lough Foyle and of the forces and garrisons in the city of Derry or elsewhere in Ulster.

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    (250). Attkinson. — This undertaker came to Ireland about the time the war with O'Neill commenced, in 1595. In October, 1603, he was granted a pension of 4^. per diem, probably for his services as a spy. In 1604, this pension was increased to 6x. per day ; and on the loth of November, in the same year, he was granted the office of provost-marshall of Lough Foyle, and of the forces and garrisons in the city of Deny, or elsewhere in Ulster. See Erck's Repertory, pp. 75, 126.

    (251). William Cole, — Seep. 179. The representatives of this undertaker, have, since his time, laid claim to a distinguished origin from the circumstance that the name Cole appears with others in a deed of William the Conqueror, in the year 107a At the time of this William Cole's advent to Ireland, there were very many families having the same surname in England, but how he was descended, or whether he was descended at all fh>m the Coleoi 1070, does not appear, although Lodge, with the help of a family pedigree, has done his best to make matters dear. (See vol. vi. oimsPeerage, edited by Archdall, pp. 37, 43). In addition, however, to Captain Cole's proportion of Corrig^rade, as above described, 320 acres were granted to him, 28th May, 1612, at a rent of 20 shillings Irish, 80 acres of which were ''assigned for the town of Enniskillen, with exception of the castle and the other two third parts of the island of Enniskillen, together with covenants for planting, building, and inhabiting the said town, according to a plan set down by the Lonl Deputy for Sir Ralph

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 275

55. Derry jurors trace termon and herenagh lands to Columkill

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1608

    Jurors at Derry found that all termon and herenagh land in the county was originally given by Columkill (St. Columba) and succeeding abbots to various septs before any bishops were known in the country. The land was free, had sanctuary privileges, and was enjoyed by septs under gavelkind tenure.

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    The important question as to the termon and herenagh lands is disposed of in one concluding sentence by these jurors as follows: — "And lastlie, touchinge the severall names of herenagh, termon, and corbe, the said jurors doe, upon their oathes, finde and present that all termon and herenagh land within the said. coun tie was att the first given by Columkill and the succeeding abbots unto the severall septs before any bushopps were known to be in the countrie ; and that the said lande was free and had the privileges of sanctuarie, and other liberties, and was enjoyed by the septs in course of gavelkinde." Respecting the small portions of temporal lands within the county of the city of Derry, which, in the meantime, were occupied by several persons from year to year, Davys states in his Abstraci that they [the lands] "are come to the Crown by the Statute of ii Elizabeth, whereby that entire country [O'Cahan's country] by special name was resumed. These lands are not yet granted, but remain in his Majest/s hands to be disposed.'' Other small portions of temporal lands within the county of the city of Deny, lay on the western side of the Foyle, and were also, in the meantime, farmed by tenants at will, awaiting some permanent arrangement on the part of the Crown. Respecting these portions also, Davys states that " the rest of the lands within the county of the city of Derry, that lie in Enishowen are come to the Crown, as well by attainder of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, lately slain in rebellion, as by breach of the condition contained in his letters patent, wherein there is a proviso that, if he entered into actual rebellion, his letters patent should be void, whereof divers inquisitions have been taken." Thus, the lands belonging to the county of the city lie on both banks of the Foyle, and include parcels of what were once the 'countrys' of Sir Donnell O'Cahan and Sir Cahir O'Dogherty. The feud mentioned above as existing between Bishop Montgomery and Sir Thomas Phillips arose in reference to a small fragment of these lands held by the latter, but ceded by him afterwards as rightfully claimed by the Churchy and known by the denominational name of Termonbjuxagh.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 136

56. Inquisition at Lifford on Irish tenancy at Tawnaghforis

    Lifford · townland · Donegal · 1631

    An inquisition held at Lifford on 19 April 1631 found that the trian of lands of Cashelnigore, within the great proportion of Tawnaghforis in the precinct of Liffer, had been let to Irish tenants in violation of the plantation patent terms.

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    (193). Tonafodes, — This proportion, originally granted to Sir Robert Remyngton (see p. 273), and called Tawna/orts in the survey, is not mentioned specially in any pnnted inquisition, except as being extensively occupied oy Irish tenants in 1630, and previously. Pynnar represents plantation affairs as in a prosperous condition in 1620^ over this property, but says nothing of Irish tenants; whereas, the inquisitions of 163 1 and 1632 make mention of the latter, but say nothing in reference to Bntish settlers thereon. In the interval, Sir Ralph Bingley died, and his lady had re-married with a Robert Harrington, Esq. An inquisition held at Lifford, on the 19th of April, 163 1, found that "the trian of lands of Cashelnigore, lyinge within the great proportion of Tawnaforis, in the precinct of Liffer, by letters pattent passed to Robert Hanngton, Esq., and dame Anne Bingley his wife, was heretofore granted to Edward Carter deceased, and part thereof is possessed by meere Irish (by the permission or licence of Owny [Una] Carter, ¥^dow, late the wife of the said Edward), whoe doe plowe and grease [graze] thereon, and are to hold the same till the feast day of All Saints next [Nov. i]. The same parte soe by them possessed, is now worthe to be lett per an. 40^. sterl. The }( of the lower tryan of Creggan is possessed by Edmund duffle O^Linchy^ whoe ploweth, pastureth, and g^raseth the same, and soe is to doe till ttie feast day aforesaid ; the same is worth 40J. per an. The half tzyan of Dromboe, being parcdl of the lowerhalf of the tryan of Creggan, is possessea by Hugh Oge (fDevir and his tenants, being meere Irishmen, whoe ploweth, graseth, and pastureth thereon, and soe is to doe till the feast day aforesaid, yet without any allowance [permission] of the said Robert Hanngton or Dame Anne his wife, the same is worthe 4/. sterL per an. The )^ part of the lower tryan of Dromboe, parcell of the said quarter of Creggan, is possessed by Owyn Modder McConruU^ and other meere Irish tenants, whoe plowe, pasture, and grase the same, as aforesaid ; the same is worthe per an. 2Qr. sterL Four balliboes of the quarter of Callan are possessed by Donnell C^Devyi\ a meere Irishman, and his tenants, whoe plowe, pasture and g^rase thereon; the same is worthe per an. 4/. sterlinge.*' {Inquisitions of Ulster, Donegal, (14) Car. I). In another inqjuisition we have the f(3lowing notices relating to the Irish occupancy of lands in the proportion of Tawnaghforis : — **D<mnell C^Devyn [or O Devyr, see preceding paragraph], a meere Irishman, held by demise and {^[raunt from the assignee [Owny Carter] of the said Mr. Harrington, 4 balliboes of

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 430

57. Sir Brian Mac Felim O'Neill executed at Carrickfergus

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1574

    Sir Brian Mac Felim O'Neill, a powerful Ulster lord, was treacherously seized by the first Devereux, Earl of Essex, at Belfast and executed at Carrickfergus in 1574. His eldest son Shane later held much of Lower Clannaboy and complained of spoliation by Essex and Bagenall.

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    Another powerful Ulster lord was that Shane, son of the well-known Sir Brian Mac Felim O'Neill, who was treacherously seized by the first Devereux, Earl of Essex, at Belfast, and executed at Carrickfergus, in 1574. His eldest son, Shane, held afterwards the greater part of Lower Clannaboy, and now, in 1593, came forward to state the "grievances" of which he had to complain, and which, indeed, amply justified the rebellious attitude he had assumed. His statement is short, but significantly expressive of very great spoliation on the part of two servitors, viz., Essex and Bagenall. He stated, in substance, as follows : — "i. Soon after the death of Sir Brian McPhelim, father to the said Shane, the island Magie, adjoining to Carrickfergus, being time out of mind his proper inheritance, was taken from him by the Earl of Essex, and has ever since been kept to his [Essex's] use, contrary to equity and justice (59).

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 43

58. 1631 inquisition at Dungannon on Irish tenancy of Clonaghmore

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1631

    An inquisition held at Dungannon on 4 May 1631 found that Sir William Undale and Sir John Stanhope held the 2,000-acre proportion of Clonaghmore and Garvelagh in the barony of Omagh, and had illegally leased numerous balliboes to 'meere Irish' tenants, contrary to plantation conditions, causing rents and profits to be forfeited.

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    (239). Great number. — This state of affairs existed ia Davys* time, which was remarkable, seeing that he, in obedience to the wishes of the King, was professedly zealous to have the Irish inhabitants removed from the proportions of all English and Scottish undertakers. He no doubt found, however, as so many others did, ^ that the Irish were the least troublesome and the most liberal rent-payers to be found. We have no record in the Tyrone inquisitions of the names of British tenants in Davys's property ; but we meet with certain notices after these lands had passed from his iamily, in which the names of several of his Irish tenants are preserved. Thus, it was found by an inquisition held at Dungannon, on the 4th of May, 1631, that "Sir William Undale late of Clonnoghmoor [Clonaghmore], in the county of Tyrone, Knight, and Sir John Stanhope, Knight, houldeth the smaU proportions of Clannaghmoor and Garvelagh, in the barony of Omagh, containing 2,000 acres, grauitted unto the said Sir William and Sir John, by letters pattents from the now King, in free and common soci^^e ; and hath since the date of the said letters pattents contrary to the conditions therein mentioned, demised, graunted, and sett the severall balliboes and parcells of land hereunder mentioned, being within the said proportions of Clonaghmore and Garvelagh, unto the meere Irish, viz,, Bryan McRory and Fergus O'Gallaghor houldeth Ardnarvy, al' Edinreagh, being one balliboe, from William Bastard, who houldeth the same from Sir John Daveese, and doe pleugh, pasture, and graise upon the same. Bryan Roddy O'Neel houldeth CreedufF, being one balliboe ; James McCoork houldeth Corigchadkin, being one balliboe. Patrick 0*Tivanny and Donnagh McGerrett houlde Camegarvagh and Aghnemellagh, being two balliboes. Art bane McHugh houlds three parts of the sessiogh of Lectonycan. Bryan Roddy O'Neel houldeth the third parte of Lectonican and the y^ sessiogh of Lysleharde. Philomy dufle O'Neel houldeth the >^of Lyshelin. Brian Ballagh McBryen and Arte

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 449

    As the companion tells it

    Dungannon is a town the road passes through or near, and in 1631 it was where a crown inquiry sat to look at who was farming land in the barony of Omagh, some miles west of here. On the 4th of May that year, an inquisition found that Sir William Undale and Sir John Stanhope held the 2,000-acre proportion of Clonaghmore and Garvelagh, granted to them by letters patent from the King, in free and common socage. The same inquisition found that, since the date of those letters patent, and contrary to the conditions written into them, Sir William and Sir John had leased and set out numerous balliboes and parcels of land within those proportions to what the record calls the meere Irish. Bryan McRory and Fergus O'Gallaghor held Ardnarvy, one balliboe, taken from William Bastard, who held it from Sir John Daveese, and they ploughed, pastured and grazed upon it. Bryan Roddy O'Neel held Creeduff, one balliboe. James McCoork held Corigchadkin, one balliboe. Patrick O'Tivanny and Donnagh McGerrett held Camegarvagh and Aghnemellagh, two balliboes. Art bane McHugh held three parts of the sessiogh of Lectonycan. Bryan Roddy O'Neel also held the third part of Lectonican and the sessiogh of Lysleharde. Philomy duffle O'Neel held part of Lyshelin. Brian Ballagh McBryen and Arte held land there too, though the record breaks off before saying how much. The plantation rules were meant to keep Irish tenants off the lands given to English and Scottish undertakers. This inquisition found that the rules had been broken, and that the rents and profits from those leases were forfeit as a result.

59. Abbot's lands absorbed into Derry's city liberties

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1609

    Lands originally forming the abbot's portion came to the Crown through the Act of Dissolution, were granted to Sir James Fullerton in fee-farm and then assigned to Sir George Pawlett. They were eventually obtained from Pawlett's family to form part of the corporate liberties of Derry, as they were deemed indispensable to the city's corporate dignity.

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    selection of sites. This loth article is more fully expressed in the 8th of the first set of Instructions, as follows : — "You shall take care that the lands allotted to the corporate towns be laid as near to the said towns as conveniently they may, and planted as the lands of other undertakers ; and you shall forthwith limit the circuits of the said towns, and cause the same to be incorporated b/ our several charters, and to be endowed with reasonable liberties, and you shall use your best endeavours to inhabit the said towns with tradesmen and artificers. " Opposite this article in the ipargin, there is written — probably by Chichester — "The Lords [the council in London] to be moved touching the site of the Deny and Sir George Pawlett's [rather his heirs'] lands adjoining." These lands were the abbot's portion, and came to the Crown by the Act of Dissolution ; they were passed to Sir James Fullerton in fee-farm, and afterwards by mesne conveyances assigned to Sir George Pawlett. They were found to be indispensable to the corporate dignity of Derry, and were finally obtained from Sir George's family to be part of the liberties of that city.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 107

60. Archbishop Magrath tried and convicted for defending O'Neill

    Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1608

    In April 1608, Chichester informed the London council that Archbishop Magrath of Cashel had been tried and convicted for saying that O'Neill was greatly wronged when dispossessed of his lands. The conviction linked the prelate's sympathies to the fallen Ulster chieftains.

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    friar, is Archbishop of Cashell, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, and Bishop of Killala." In Davys's wellknown account of Munster, May, 1606, he states that in Cashell there was then "found only one inhabitant that came to church, for even the Archbishop's own sons and sons-in-law, dwelling there, are obstinate recusants." The Archbishop of Dublin was appointed, in 1607, by the lord deputy, to visit Magrath's four dioceses of Cashel, Emly, Lismore, and Waterford, for the purpose of in(}uiring into flagrant abuses alleged to have been committed by this precious convert. "Die Archbishop of Dublin, in his report, "entreats for means to be prescribed for the establishment of God's service in those parts, which have scarcely known whether there be a God," and reconunends that several leases of church living should be revoked, " which have been passed by his [Magrath's] procurement, and confirmed by himself to the use of his children and allies, which it is meet should be reserved for sufficient incumbents. . . . They have discovered such abuses and enormities through the Archbishop's misjudgment (especially in those two dioceses of Cashel and Emly) as he never could have believed on the report of others, and he [Dublin] is indeed much grieved that a man of his profession, so much graced by her late Majesty, and so highly advanced in the church as to have the chaige of four several bishoprics^ should so far n^lect his pastoral charge, or rather quite pervert it" In November, 1607, Magrath complained to the King and council that his enemies in Ireland were endeavouring to imperil his reputation and even his life, because of some good services he had formerly rendered to the State; and the King, in reply, directs Chichester to take no proceedings against complainant without first informing him [the King]. In April, 1608, Chichester wrote to the council in London, inform* ing them that the Archbishop of Cashel had been tried and convicted on a charge of having said that " O'Neile was greatly wronged yShiea he was dispossessed of the

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 149