An historical account of the plantation in Ulster at the commencement of the seventeenth century, 1608-1620

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Castlefinn litigation between Bishop of Derry and Captain Russell

   Castlefinn · town · Donegal · 1611

   A dispute arose between the Bishop of Derry and Captain Russell over Castlefinn, which stood on land formerly held as church lands. Carew reported in 1611 that Sir William Barnes had already received his full proportion elsewhere, and that the castle was not granted to the bishop but to be disposed of by the King.

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   (189). Captain Jiusse/i,—See pp. 272, 468. Whilst Russell held these lands he had a litigation with George Montgomery, as Bishop of Deny, the cause of which is explained by Carew, in i6n, as follows : — "Between the Bishop of Derry and Captain Russell for Castlefinn. The sunreyor must be spoken to withal, before anything be concluded therein. The piece whereon this [the castle] stands was formerly church lands ; and it now appears that Sir William Barnes, by whom Captain Russell claims, has his fuU proportion besides, and supposes the castle to stand on a piece of his land, which it does not, as I am informed ; so the castle being not granted to the bishop I think it is to be disposed of by the King."

   (190). Acarine. — Russell sold this middle proportion to Sir John Kingsmill, on the 3rd of July, 16— ; and on the 1st of June, 1614, the latter disposed of a large quantity of the lands of Acharyn or Acamme to William Wilson. Sir John Kingsmill at the time of these several transactions, was styled of Castlefynne, county of Donegal. Inquisitions of Ulster^ Donegal, (11) Car. I.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 429

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Castlefinn was fought over in the courts in 1611. Captain Russell held these lands and found himself in a dispute with George Montgomery, the Bishop of Derry. Carew reported the cause that same year. The ground where the castle stood had once been church lands. Russell claimed through Sir William Barnes, but Carew found that Barnes had already received his full share of land elsewhere. Barnes supposed the castle stood on his own ground, but Carew was informed it did not. The castle had not been granted to the bishop. Carew thought it was to be disposed of by the King. Russell later sold this middle proportion to Sir John Kingsmill. On the 1st of June, 1614, Kingsmill disposed of a large quantity of the lands to William Wilson. At the time of these transactions, Kingsmill was styled “of Castlefynne, county of Donegal.”

2. Cavan's unique land measurement system using liquid measure terms

   Cavan · town · Cavan

   County Cavan's land was historically divided using English liquid-measure terms—poll, gallon, pottle, and pint—that became naturalised long before 1600. These terms, combined with Irish qualifiers, shaped townland nomenclature and account for the unusually high number of townlands in the district.

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   (87). By the Survey, — Referring to the land measures prevailing from time to time in this county of Cavan, Dr. Reeves states that "its first division was the ballybet, identical with the ballybetagh of other parts ; of this the proximate species was the poll or pole, sixteen of which constituted the ballybet. Each poll contained two gallons, each gallon two pottles, descending even to a subdivision called pints. In most cases these fractional parts had peculiar names, some few of which may now exist in the townland nomenclature of the county ; but the poll was practically the prevailing denomination, and to it, as the sixteenth, instead of the twelfth of a ballybetagh, we owe the numerical excess of townlands in this district . . . The Tate or Tathe of Fermanagh and Monaghan, together with the Pollj the Gallon^ the Pottle^ and the Pint of Cavan, are all English terms, introduced by some unknown influence. To find names of liquid measures applied to land is strange ;' and still more so when it is remembered that they are En^ish, and in such an un-Enelish quarter as East Breffhy. They had all become natursQised long before 1600, for we finc^ soon after that date, townland names into which these words enter in combination with Irish terms of qualification." (See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy ^ vol. Vii., pp. 477, 484.) The introduction of these terms into Cavan may be accounted for by the early commercial

   relations established between that district and the Pale^ which relations were almost uninterrupted, notwithstan^ling the fierce raids occasionally made into each other*]^ lands by the O'Reillys and the English.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 94

3. Chichester returns to Carrickfergus and reports islander arrival

   near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1604

   Four years before the main plantation discussions of 1608, Chichester returned to Carrickfergus from a trip southward and informed Cecil of armed islanders arriving at the Route. He was suspicious of these assemblies and kept a military company together in response.

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   (9). Kfunon fact* — The deputy must naturally have had serious fears for his plantation if northern Scottish nobles, such as he supposed Sir Randal Macdonnell to be -^ with endless pedigrees and fierce Celtic traditions — should be permitted to lead over and settle their redshank friends on the shores of Lough Neagh and Lough Erne. When expressing his doubts and fear&»to Salisbury about Scots havine much to do in the settlement of Ulster, he fancied no doubt that the Macdonnells, his old enemies, might be brought to confront and trouble him once more. His sentiments had not then [1608] changed towards them, if it ever changed. Four years previously, on his return to Carrickfergus from a trip he had made southward, he informs Cecil that he had heard of "the arrival of seven score of islanders at Uie Roote, to Sir Randall McDonnell, under the command of Donnell Gorm, with

   such arms as they usually beare. The number and fashion of them has caused him to send for Sir Randall, charging him to bring that gentleman and his people with him. Is suspicious of these assemblies and conferences, and therefore has kept together Captain PhiUips's company of soldiers, who hath spent the two years past at Toom, keeping in quietness those parts which lie on the Bann side to the mouth of that nver, and so along the coast which borders on Scotland. Knows no country that better requires looking after, nor a better man for the business than Captain Phillips-" (/«(/, p. 205. ) Sir Randal had been then endeavouring to bring people to settle on his desolated lands, and to rent his several fishings on the coast ; but Chichester, and his friend Phillips, sometimes seriously impeded his progress by their jealousies and unworthy fears.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 62

4. Chichester's camp near Enniskillen, September 1609

   near Enniskillen · town · Fermanagh · 1609

   Chichester wrote to Salisbury from the camp in Fermanagh near Enniskillen on 18 September 1609, reporting on the London agents' progress. He noted that the local people in each county made their appearance, declaring their obedience and submission to the law in a better fashion than he had expected to see in Ulster.

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   We have a more ample reference to their movements, however,in a letter of Chichester to Salisbury, written from "The Camp in Fermanagh, near Enishkeelyn, 18 September, 1609." His account of the four London traders is neither so graphic nor facetious as that of 1 )a^•^ s, but it is very much more interesting. " Sir Thomas Phillips," says Chichester, " with the four agents of London, came unto him likewise in the county of Coleraine. They landed at Knockfergus, and in their way from thence [to Limavaddy] they beheld Coleraine and the river of Banne Ijeneath the Leape ; they have now seen the Deny, the river of Loughfoyle, the Lyffer, and sundry jiarts adjoining ; and they like so well of the scites, the lands adjoining the rivers, and the commodities they think to raise by their purse and good husbandry, that they assure him the city of T/^ndon will really undertake the plantation upon the report they are to make, and that with cxi>cdition. If they should not, as he has often told them, they will be enemies to themselves ; for the fishings, lands, and woods, with toleration of custom and other privileges, which his Majesty has graciously proffered to them, are worth not less than 2,000/. a year as they now arc, and tlieir purse and industry will, within two or three years, improve them to double that vcduc. They came in a convenient time, when the people in each county made their appearance, declaring their obedience and submission to the law in a far better fashion than within these three years he ever expected to hav^ seen within this province, and if his good usage, and that of the council with him, could aid

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 301

5. Chichester's fisheries and castle lands at Culmore surrendered for plantation

   near Culmore · town · Derry · 1610

   As part of preparations for the Londoners' plantation, Chichester was required to surrender valuable salmon and eel fisheries on the Bann, Culmore, and the Derrie, along with 300 acres of land set apart for Culmore Castle, whose constableship had been granted to him for life. The Bann fisheries were the most important of these possessions.

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   The next important case of clearance to be made, as preparatory to the advent of the Londoners, was one which affected Chichester himself, and in which he was required to surrender certain very valuable fishings, together with 300 acres of land The fishings were those of the Bann, Culmore, and the Derrie ; the land was that set apart for the dastle of Culmore, the constableship of which had been granted to Chichester for life. By far the most important of these possessions, however, were his fisheries of salmon and eels in the Bann, which after the flight of

   near to get the certainty that may be had on so oncertain crowned and coronetted heads were thus so puzzled and a matter.'* May not ''the auld tercel of Foulsheuch" anxious on his account! See ChamhcTS* Domestic Annals have been proud — ^provided he still lived — to know that 0/ Scot/and, vol. i., pp. 591, 392.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 322

6. Coleraine castle and town site negotiations

   near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1610

   The Londoners observed that Coleraine castle stood on the west side of the River Bann in the county of Colraine, but the steep bank made it unfit for a town. They wished to build on the Antrim side where the town formerly stood, demanding 3,000 acres there, but the commissioners noted the land belonged to Sir Randall MacDonnell.

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   " Demand of 3,000 acres in Colraine. The City deputies who were sent into Ireland observed, that the castle of Colraine stood on the west side of the Ban, in the county of Colraine, and that the river bank rose up so steep on that side that a town could not be seated there, either for water or for fishing. Finding the other side of the Ban, where the town of Colraine formerly stood, in the county of Antrim, more fit to build a city, they desire to build the town there, and to have 3,000 acres adjacent to it on the same side, in the county of Antrim. Answer. The demand of 3,000 acres to 100 houses has no proportion to the other of 4,000 acres to 200 houses; and the King has no groUnd on that side of the river to lay to the town, the whole country thereabouts belonging to Sir Randall MacDonneL Move [i>., the commissioners for Irish causes move] that they [the Londoners] would take 1,000 acres on that [the Antrim] side, and 2,000 on the other. This they refused, insisting on the first demand, which was left to their Lordships [/>., the King's council].

   " Demand of the woods of Glankonkeyne and Killeitragh. The third demand, in regard to these woods, was respited because it grew late, until the next meeting on Friday ; but by the conference that passed, it was observed that that point would take up some time, as it was conceived that the woods were theirs to cut down and sell, wherein it were meet some directions were given."

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 310

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Coleraine, you are near a place where a disagreement over land began in 1610. The City of London had sent deputies into Ireland to survey what they had been given. They found Coleraine castle standing on the west side of the River Bann, in the county of Colraine. But the river bank rose so steep on that side that a town could not be seated there, either for water or for fishing. The other side of the Bann, where the town of Coleraine had formerly stood, lay in the county of Antrim, and the deputies found it more fit to build a city. So they asked to build the town there and to have 3,000 acres adjacent to it on that same side, in Antrim. The commissioners gave their answer. They said the demand of 3,000 acres to 100 houses had no proportion to another arrangement of 4,000 acres to 200 houses. And they said the King had no ground on that side of the river to lay to the town, because the whole country thereabouts belonged to Sir Randall MacDonnell. The commissioners moved that the Londoners would take 1,000 acres on the Antrim side and 2,000 on the other. The Londoners refused, insisting on their first demand, and the matter was left to the King's council. There was also a demand concerning the woods of Glankonkeyne and Killeitragh, but that was put off because it grew late, to be taken up at the next meeting on Friday.

7. Dean of Armagh's claimed townlands

   near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1609

   The jurors of the 1609 inquisition examined an ancient book produced by the Dean of Armagh claiming the towns of Edenufeagh, Ballvedenkaspagh, Berameall, Ballekhillin, and the half town of Drumgoase for the dean, and Dromagh for the prior of the vicars choral. However, the jurors could not find that the dean and prior had ever been in actual possession of these lands, only that rents were paid from them.

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   6). The deane. — Davys states, in his Abstract — " Touching the lands claimed by die Dean and Chapter of Armagh, whose right is also saved by the Statute of 1 1^ Elizabeth, there are but three towns and odd sessiaghs found to belong to the Dean, but there are nine towns and odd sessiaghs found to belong to the vicar's choral of that church, to which we think he has no title." This statement of Davys has reference to the following passage of the Inquisition : — ** The jurors further finde by an ancient booke showed unto them by the deane of the cathedndl church of Ardmagh, twoe townes of Edenufeagh, Ballvedenkaspagh, B^rameall, and Ballekhillin, and tiie half towne of Drumgoase, should belonge to the said deane, and that the towne of Dromagh should belonge to the prior of the vicares chorall ; howbeit, the jurors cannot finde that the said landes were at any time m the possession of the said deane and prior, but that the said booke mentioneth that there was paid out of the said town of Dromagh six shillings, one mutton and one lossett of butter unto the prior ; and rents to the dean out of the other lands."

   (7). Viccu^s choralL — According to Chichester's opinion this church machineiy was not in a hopeful condition

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 126

8. Derrygonnelly: Montgomery's visit and Bruce's sword

   Derrygonnelly · village · Fermanagh

   William Montgomery, compiler of the Montgomery Manuscripts, visited Derrygonnelly and gave an account of a sword supposed to have belonged to King Robert Bruce.

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   , William, compiler of the Montgomery Manuscripts^ his visit to Derrygonnelly, 478 ; his account of a sword supposed to have belonged to King Robert Bruce, ib.\ his account of the outbreak of 1641, as remembered by him when a boy at Newtownstewart,

   534- Moore, Archibald and Brent, 346, 347 ; notice of, 346 ;

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

9. Devenish Island with round tower and abbey described

   Devenish · townland · Fermanagh · 1608–1610

   The island of Devenish, lying at a little distance from the shore of Lough Erne near Enniskillen, is described as having a round tower, an abbey, and two other ecclesiastical buildings. Numerous black crosses are represented on the map as surmounting these structures, including the round tower.

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   (186). Dromskeagh, — ^These lands occupied thesouthem extremity of the precinct reaching to EnniskiUen, which appears on the map as an island separated from the mainland by a^not very narrow channel. Six tates of church lands intervene between this prqportion and the lake, atid at a little distance fix)m the shore lies the island of Devemsh, with its round tower, its abbey, and tWo other ecclesiastical buildings. Numerous black croMes are represented on the map as surmounting these slnictw^ mdttding the romid tower.

   Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 250

10. Donegal Abbey seized by native force allied with English

    Donegal · town · Donegal · 1600–1601

    In the autumn of 1601, Donegal Abbey was seized and occupied by a native force in alliance with the English, who had landed at Derry under Sir Henry Docwra in the spring of 1600. Forty Franciscan friars then occupied the abbey, which had been founded in 1474 by Nuala O'Connor at the head of Donegal Bay.

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    (24). Among the dead. — This lady's family burial-place was Lisgoole, a religious house founded on the western shore of lough Erne, by one of her ancestors, so early as the year 1 106. But the abbey of Lisgoole, although so ancient and sacred as a place of sepulture, had been laid in ruins by the English during the war against her son Hugh O'Neill, and in that condition it remained until partially restored in the year 1 631. She, therefore, sought a last resting-place in the celebrated abbey of Donegal, which very soon afterwards shared the fate of Lisgoole, being seized and occupied in the autumn of 1601 by a native force in alliance with the English, who had landed at Derry under Sir Henry Docura in the spring of the preceding year. One of the forty friars who then occupied Donegal abbey has left in Latin the following account of its original founding : — ** It was in the year 1474, when the Franciscans were holding a Drovincial chapter in the monastery of Ross-Rial, uiat Nuala O'Connor, daughter of O'Connor Faily, one of of the most powerful of the Leinster princes, and wife of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, came, accompanied by a brilliant following of noble ladies, and a goodly escort of Kerne and Galloglass, to present an humble memorial

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 26

11. Earl of Abercorn's timber houses and court near Strabane

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone · 1611

    The Earl of Abercorn, chief undertaker of the Precinct of Strabane, took possession and built large timber houses near the town of Strabane with a court 116 feet by 87 feet, plus a great brew house. His Scottish followers and tenants built 60 houses in total, and he was preparing materials for a castle and bawn.

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    ["Preanct of Strabane. The Earl of Abercorne, chief undertaker, has taken possession, resident with lady and family, and built for the present near the town of Strabane some large timber houses, with a court 116 foot in length and 87 foot in breadth, the grounsells of oaken timber, and the rest of allor [alder] and birch, which is well thatched with heath and finished. Has built a great brew house without his court 46 foot long and 25 foot wide. His followers and tenants have, since May last, built 28 houses of fair copies ; and before May, his tenants, who are all Scottishmen, the number of 32 houses of like goodness. Is preparing materials for building a fair castle and a bawn, which he means to put in hand for the next spring. There are 120 cows in stock for his own use. Sir Thomas Boyde, Knight, has a proportion of land, is resident with his wife and family ; is providing material for building. Sir George Hamilton, Knight, a proportion of land, resident with his wife and family. Has built a good house of timber for the present, 62 foot long and thirty foot wide. He brought over some families of Scots, who have built them a bawn and good timber houses, 80 cows and 16 garrons among them. Sir John Dumonde [Drummond] Knight, 1,000 acres ; appeared in person, took possession, and has one Scottishman, 2 garrons and a mare. James Clapham, 1,000 acres ; resident, prepares to people his land, competent store of arms in readiness James Hayge, 1,500 acres ; has not appeared, nor any for him ; nothing done. Sir Claude Hamylton, Knight, 2,000 acres ; has not appeared, nor any for him ; nothing done. George Hamilton, 1,000 acres; has taken possession, is resident, making provisions for building." Carew's Report in 161 1].

    CXXHL 1,000 Acres.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 438

    As the companion tells it

    In 1611, near the town of Strabane in Tyrone, the Earl of Abercorn, chief undertaker of the Precinct of Strabane, had taken possession and was living there with his lady and family. He had built large timber houses for the present. The court around them measured 116 feet in length and 87 feet in breadth. The grounsells were of oaken timber, and the rest of alder and birch, well thatched with heath and finished. He had also built a great brew house outside the court, 46 feet long and 25 feet wide. His followers and tenants had been busy. Since May, they had built 28 houses of fair copies. Before May, his tenants, who were all Scottishmen, had built 32 houses of like goodness. That is 60 houses in total. He was preparing materials for building a fair castle and a bawn, which he meant to put in hand the next spring. He kept 120 cows in stock for his own use. Others held land in the same precinct. Sir Thomas Boyde was resident with his wife and family and was providing material for building. Sir George Hamilton had built a good timber house, 62 feet long and 30 feet wide, and had brought over some families of Scots who built themselves a bawn and good timber houses, with 80 cows and 16 garrons among them. Sir John Drummond had taken possession but had only one Scottishman, 2 garrons, and a mare. James Clapham was resident and preparing to people his land, with a competent store of arms in readiness. But James Hayge and Sir Claude Hamilton had not appeared, nor anyone for them, and nothing was done.

12. Ecclesiastical lands in Ulster counties to be restored to bishoprics

    near Inishowen · townland · Donegal · 1609–1610

    Montgomery proposed that all ecclesiastical land found for the King by the inquisition of 1609 be restored to the several bishoprics to which they formerly belonged. Lands in Armagh and Tyrone paying rent to the Primate were to go to the Primate; the rest in Tyrone, Coleraine, and Inishowen to Derry; those in Tirconnell to Raphoe; and those in Fermanagh to Clogher.

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    was the bishop's fi&rmer, called an eirenach, had another, and the third was allowed for the cure. [Harris, ** having had access to the Inquisition of 1609, should have known that the bishop received no tithes, but that the rector, as well as the vicar, did." Reeves's ColtotCs Visitation^ p. 119.] But Bishop Montgomery, who was the first bishop after the reformation, abolished all these, and gave the whole tithes to the cure [to pay the incumbent], King James I. supporting and forwarding him in it." Two radical changes effected by this arrangement are recommended by Montgomery, as follows : — *^ First, that all Church lands graunted unto patentees under the name of Abbey land, or Termon land, may be restored unto Byshops and Cathedrall Churches, to which they did aunciently belong, and a recompense given to the patentees owt of other temporall lands now in the King's hand to bestowe; and in especyali that the Termons of Mondhon be restoared to the Bishoprick of Clougher, and no new grants made to patentees thereof, otherwise that Bishoprick must be dissolved, whose jurisdiction is extended through two great counties, Monahon and Fermanogh. Also that the Termons in Cavan be restoared to the Bishoprick of Killmore ; and the Hand of Deriy with the Canons lands lying neere it may be restoared to the bishop of Derry, and to the Cathedrall Church there, and a recompense given to the heyre of Sr George Pawlet in som other place, and to Captayne Brookes for Clonluye, which also belongeth to the Byshop of Derry and is withheld by C. Brooks. Secondly f tnat all ecclesiasticall land now found for the King by thb last office [of inquisition, 1609], and yet undisposed, may be restoared to the severall Bishopricks to which they did formerly belong ; viz., the lands in Armagh and those in Tirone that pay rent to the Primat, that they may be restoared to the Primat. The rest in Tirone, Colrane, Inishowen to the Bishoprick of Derry. They in Tirconnell to the Bishoprick of Raphoe ; and those in Fermanogh to the Bishoprick of Clougher. All is of the King his free gyft, and a new creation made of theise Bishopricks by the King's letters Patent, with the auncient liberties of the Church, the Bishops being limited what states to graunt of theise lands, and barred from letting the mensale lands, to which all those who formerly received these Bishopricks from the Pope, were straictly bound by oath in the Pope's grants, or (as the Irish call them) apostolicis rescriptis, whereof I have scene manye." See Montgomery's Tract on the Ancient Estate 0/ the Bishopricks of Derry, Rafho, and Clougher, as quoted in the Memoir of the Parish of Templemore, pp.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 75

13. Execution of a priest at Coleraine, autumn 1609

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1609

    In the autumn preceding the London agents' August 1610 arrival, startling scenes took place at Coleraine, the most exciting of which was the execution of a priest. The Londoners would have witnessed this had they arrived at the same date the previous year.

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    Thus, the work of preparing for the general plantation was going on prosperously when these London agents were brought over to Ulster — a, fact peculiarly gratifying to the deputy, and which he does not fail to mention when writing to Salisbury. Had they arrived in Coleraine at the same date during the preceding autumn, they would have witnessed some startling scenes, of which, perhaps, the most exciting was the execution of a priest. On their arrival at the camp near Limavaddy, however, in the month of August, 1610, the Londoners saw native gentlemen, and others, quietly gathering round the commissioners, to be formed into juries of assize, and juries to assist in the survey, and to ascertain what lands belonged respectively to the King and the Church. There was a story afloat to be sure — and told rather facetiously by Davys in his letter

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 302

    As the companion tells it

    Coleraine in County Derry. In the autumn of 1609, startling scenes took place here, the most exciting of which was the execution of a priest. The work of preparing for the general plantation was going on prosperously at the time. The deputy wrote to Salisbury about it with particular satisfaction. When the London agents arrived at the camp near Limavaddy in August 1610, they found a different picture. Native gentlemen and others were quietly gathering round the commissioners, to be formed into juries of assize, and juries to assist in the survey, and to ascertain what lands belonged respectively to the King and the Church. Had the Londoners arrived at the same date the previous year, they would have witnessed that execution instead. There was a story afloat, told rather facetiously by Davys in his letter.

14. Free School established at Portora

    Portora · townland · Fermanagh

    The Free School originally intended for Lisgoole was eventually placed at Portora near Enniskillen. It received a grant of 2,160 acres to build and endow the school.

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    (78). Lisgoole, — ^The Free School, originally intended to be built here, was eventually placed at Portora in the vicinity of Enniskillen, and got a grant, to build and endow, of 2, 160 acres.

    (79). Connor Roe Magiiire, — This chieftain, known as Mag Uidhir Gallda, or the 'English Maguire,' was son of Connor, son of Connor, son of Thomas, the progenitor alsoof Connor Roe's rival, Cuconnaght Maguire (see p. 61 ). This Connor Roe had offered himself twice as candidate for the chieftaincy of Fermanagh, but because of his English proclivities, was defeated both times, first by Sir Hugh Maguire, and secondly by Cuconnaght already named, who was a younger brother of Sir Hugh. Sir Hugh, who had married a daughter of the Earl of Tyrone, joii^ the latter against the English in 1596 ; and on his fall soon afterwards near Cork, the whole lands of Fermanagh were granted to his cousin Connor Roe, who fought on the side of the Government. The latter was induced, by the Lord Deputy Carew, to promise a surrender of this grant in order that a division of the estates in Fermanagh might be made between him and his cousin Cuconnaght, who was really the rightful heir to the whole. This division was nominally made.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 92

15. Grahams expelled from the Borders and settled in Roscommon

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon

    The Grahams or Graemes were expelled from the Borders and brought to Roscommon, where their fate as settlers is noted.

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    Gxahams, or Graemes, their expulsion from the Borders, 228 ; brought to Roscommon, ib. ; their fate as settlers, ib.

    , Sir George and Sir Richard, grant to, 337, 338 ;

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16. Hy-Tuirtre tribe expelled from Tyrone to east of the Bann

    Toome · townland · Antrim

    The Hy-Tuirtre tribe, originally seated in what is now Tyrone, refused to submit to Hy-Niall authority and was compelled to retire eastward across the Bann, settling on the Antrim side between Lough Neagh and Coleraine, in the territory comprising the modern baronies of Upper and Lower Toome.

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    [Owen or John], son of a distinguished monarch of Erin, known as Niall the Great, and also as Niall of the Nine Hostages, who died in the year 406. So early as the time of Eoghan, the family had entered upon its career of conquest, using as its base of operations the ancient and celebrated palace of Aileach. This structure Prince Owen carefully repaired, for even in his remote time Aileach had become old and ruinous, but still retaining a noble prestige, which he was wisely anxious to cherish and preserve. In the progress of the Ui Neill or Hy-Niall southward from this place, the several septs or families of the Oirghialla who stood on their path, and who refused to succumb, were dispersed in various directions, east and west, some seeking an asylum even in the little Uladh, among the descendants of those who had been victimised by the Clann-CoUa. Among the banished Oirghialla, who went eastward across the Bann, and settled on the Antrim side of that river, between Lough Neagh and Coleraine, were the celebrated Hy-Tuirtre (15), descendants of Fiachra Tort, a grandson of Colla Uais. This tribe, originally seated in the region now known as Tyrone, and unwilling to submit to Hy-Niall authority, was then compelled to retire. The territory from which they removed was the first annexed by the victorious sons of Niall, was appropriated by Eoghan himself, and was subsequently known as Tir-Eoghan [Tyrone], or ' the territory of Koghan ;* whilst the original seat of the family was assigned to his brother Conall, and after him named Tir-Conall, or *the territory of Conall.' To this last mentioned chieftain's name was added the epithet Gulban, because he had been fostered at Bengulbain, now Benbulbin, a mountain not far distant, in a northern direction, from the town of Sligo. These brothers, Eoghan and Conall

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 15

17. Irish families impoverished in Donegal

    Donegal · town · Donegal · 1600–1610

    Between the landing of the English under Docwra at the Foyle in 1600 and the arrival of British undertakers in 1610, almost all the old Irish families of rank throughout Donegal were swept away or reduced to poverty.

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    (122). To themselves, — Between the dates of the landing of the English imder Docwra at the Foyle in the spring of 1600 and the cominpr of the British undertakers in 1 610, almost all the old Irish families of rank throughout Donegal had been swept away or reduced to poverty. The following curious document, preserved among the State Papers, records the names and places of residence of such of these families as dwelt westward of Lough

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 205

18. Key castles to be garrisoned in O'Cahan's country

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1608

    The Government identified the castles of Annogh, Lemavadie, Colerayne, and Downgevyne as the principal places to be held and garrisoned within the county, though most were ruinous and out of repair. No ward or King's-charged men were maintained in the county at that time.

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    The Earl of Tyrone made challenge unto this country, as passed unto him by letters patent, and required Sir Donnell O'Cahane, the now chief of that name, to give him 200/. a year, in consideration of his challenge, but being unable to make him payment of so much, in respect of the waste and riotous expenses otherwise, he yielded one of the baronies [Maghery, see p. 251] up to the earl in lieu of the 200/. which the earl possessed at the time of his flight ; and albeit it is thought that neither Tyrone nor O'Cahane had any good and lawful estate in that country, (the right being in the King by the statute 1 1 Elizabeth), yet it is his duty to declare that the whole country (the castle of Annogh, with a good quantity of lands thereunto annexed, and the Bishop's and Church's rights excepted), was promised to the said Sir Donnell O'Cahane upon his submission in the year 1 601, by the Lord Mountjoy, then lord deputy; and in confirmation hereof a cusiodiam was passed to him undei* the great seal (see p. 61). He is now [1608] prisoner in the castle of Dublin. They [Ley and Davys] are to acquaint their lordships [the council in London], with his crinies and the accusations made against him ; and in his cause, as in Sir Neale O'DonnelFs, to receive directions. In this county they [the Government] neither hold ward, nor keep men upon the King's charges. If Sir Donell O'Cahane be found unworthy of the King's favour by reason of his treasonable practices and misdemeanours, then is that country in the King's hands to dispose as shall seem best unto his Majesty. The principal places to be cared for [held and garrisoned] within this county are the castles of Annogh (4), Lemavadie (5), Colerayne, and Downgevyne (6), albeit most of them are ruinous and out of repair. If Sir Donell O'Cahane be enlarged, or if, upon his trial, he escape the danger of the law, two parts of that country will not content him, nor he [Chichester] thinks, the whole; but whatsoever becomes of him, good consideration must be had of his brother, Manus O'Cahane, Manus ut Quyvally (7) O'Cahan, and some few others, whom he has found honest in those troubles, and before. They

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 292

19. Lord Balfour flees trial and dies in England

    near Clogher · town · Tyrone · 1630–1636

    Lord Balfour, facing numerous and dangerous complaints from his neighbours in the Clogher area, avoided trial and fled to England to seek pardon. He sold off all his estate to make friends and died there.

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    though his son had married the bishop's daughter. When the Deputy Wentworth, on one occi^on, informed the bishop that evil reports had reached Dublin respecting churcn dilapidations throughout the see of Clogher, that meek prelate "answered that he knew so much himself, and was not ashamed of it, yea, that he gloried in it, male audire ex malts. He acknowledged that he was hated of divers of his countrymen, and namely, of the Lord Balfour and Sir James Areskine, and divers other of his countiymenhad sold themselves to work all wickedness, and were great oppressors of their neighbours, that for his zeal to the church and free schools, and his relief to his power of them that was wronged, was therefore hated of them, and for this cause they had stirred up some ambitious men, such as .were greedie of prefer* ment [among others Heniy Leslie, Dean of Down, afterwards Bishop of Down and Connor, and eventuaUy transferred to Meath], to detract him, and if they could, find cause to invade his estate ; but now he rejoiced that his Majesty had set such a governor [Wentworth] over them all, who would ere long know himself [the Bishop of Clogher] better, and his adversaries too, and what everie one was in their place. Soon after this the Lord Balfour was complained of by most of his neighbours, and there came so ja^ny and so dangerous complaints against him, that he shunned hU try^ and got

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

20. Natives of Coleraine to receive land from Londoners

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1608–1610

    The Lord Deputy and commissioners were to determine what proportions of land the natives of County Coleraine would receive from the Londoners, including rents. Irish houses of removed natives were to be preserved for British undertakers.

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    with Sir Cormock O'Neale's wife, and Sir Donnell O'Caen's wife, in what county the Lord Deputy shall please. 7. Brian McGuire [brother of Cuconnaght] to have one great proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Coole and Tircannada, in Fermanagh ; and naif a small proportion for his brother Tirlagh. S. McSwine Banagn, O'Boyle, McSwine Fa3met, and McSwine O'Doe, each to have a great proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Faynet [Fanaid], or Doe [in Donegal]. 9. Brian Crossach [O'Neill, son of Sir Cormackj to have a small proportion where the Lord Deputy shall appoint. la The Lord Deputy and commissioners shall likewise set down what proportions of lands the natives of the county of Colerame shall have from the Londoners, and the rents they shall pay for the same, according to the sixth article of agreement with the Londoners. And herein the Deputy is to take order, if he so think fit, that the Irish houses of them that be removed be preserved for the use of the British undertakers. II. The Lord Deputy is especially to respect the children of Captain Dennis O'MuUen and Shane O'MuUen, his brother. They are to be provided for as one person, and one of the four admitted by the Londoners in the county of Coleraine. Manus O'Cahan, Manus McCoey [Cumaighe] Ballagh O'Cahan, and Coey Ballagh McRichard [Rory] O'Cahan, to be the other three ; and if any more be fit to be respected in that county the Lord Deputy shall provide for them in some of the precincts appointed for natives, in another county. 12. The Lord Deputy is to take order for removing of the natives presently with as little trouble as may be for making an easy way for the plantation. And it he see cause he may transplant them from one county to another, which, being a matter of greatest moment, will require the greatest and most serious consideratioiL " The foregoing assignments of lands were made in London, and, in most cases were afterwards changed.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 110

21. Scottish settlers traded at Newtown in the Ards, 1607

    near Newtownards · town · Down · 1607

    In the summer of 1607, people came from Stranraer, hired horses at Donaghadee after their passage, and brought wares and provisions to Newtown in the Ards to sell them, returning home the same day. This ready market encouraged early Scottish settlers in the county Down plantation established by Sir Hugh Montgomery.

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    -(48). For a fnarket. — There was not there Just such great convenience in supplying the wants of^the new Scottish settlers as in the Ards of the county of Down, planted a few years previously by the bishop's brother. Sir Hugh Montgomery. " I have heard honest old men say," says the writer of the Montgomery Manuscripts ^ "that in June, July, and August, 1607, people came from Stranraer, four miles, and left their horses at that port, hired horses at Donaghadee [after their passage], came with their wares and provisions to Newtown [in the Ards], and sold them ; dined there, staid two or three hours, and returned to their houses [four miles beyond Stranraer] the same day by bed-time, their land journey but 20 miles. Such was their encouragement from a ready market, and their kuid desires to see and supply

    their friends and kindred." See Montgomery Manuscripts^ new edition, p. 60.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 168

22. Shane McPhillip O'Rellie of Kilmore, former O'Neill supporter

    Kilmore · townland · Cavan

    Shane McPhillip O'Rellie, a native gentleman who had actively supported Hugh O'Neill, later so recommended himself by his quiet demeanour that he obtained lands in lieu of his formerly extensive estates. He was styled of Aghekilmore, now Kilmore, County Cavan.

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    (29). Shane McPhillip O* Rellie.—This native gentleman was one of his numerous and influential clan who had taken an active p>art on the side of Hugh O'Neill, but who so recommended himself by his quiet demeanour afterwards as to obtain an acknowledgment in lieu of his once extensive lands. He was styled of Aghekilmore, now Kilmore, in the county of Cavan. Inquisitions of Ulster, Cavan, (I) Jac. I.

    (30). Tullaghgarvy. — See pp. 345-348. This precinct or barony had been allotted to servitors and natives for special reasons. It containscertaingood positions for defence should tumults arise, and these positions with their adjoining lands, the best in the barony, were given to servitors. The remaining; lands of Tullaghgarvey were among the worst in the whole county of C^van, and were, therefore,

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 369

23. Sir Hugh Worrall builds at Belturbet, 1610-11

    Belturbet · town · Cavan · 1610–1611

    Sir Hugh Worrall took possession of the 1,500-acre proportion of Monaghan in the summer of 1610 and built a fair house at Belturbet after the English manner, along with three dwelling houses and a smith's forge. His lady and family came over about July 1611, and by then three freeholders and about twenty artificers and servants were resident.

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    (41). Mr» Adwick. — ^The fact here mentioned simply meant that Mr. Adwick had a mortgage on Sir Hugh Worral's proportion of Monaghan. For an account of Sir Hugh^ difficulties, see pp. 274, 282. By an inquisition taken at the town of Cavan, in 1628, it appears that on the 4th of December, 161 3, Sir Hugh Worral sold this property to Thomas Mountford, who held it until the 12th of November, 1614. As no parties on the estate had taken the oath of supremacy, the lands vested again in the Crown. (See Inquisitions of Ulster^ Cavan, (16) Car. I.) Carew's account of Sir Hugh Worral's proceedings shows that the latter was actively, if not very successfully at work, so early as 161 1: — *'Sir Hugh Worrall, Knight, 1,500 acres ; was here in the summer [of 1 610], took possession and returned into England. His lady and family came over about the 20th of July last. Three freeholders resident ; one is building on his freehold. Twenty artificers and servants, or thereabouts, resident, most of whom lived there all last winter. He has built a fair house at Bealturberte after the English manner, and three other dwelling houses, with a smith's forge. Between Sir Hugh Worrall and Mr. Stephen Butler were built at Bealturberte five boats of several burthens, one of them will carry 12 or 14 tons. Timber prepared for building. Arms of all sorts for 10 men ; and burnt by mischance in a house as much as would furnish 12 more." Worrall must have been employed by the Government, for a time, in assisting to work out some plan or project for the plantation generally. During this time he drew up a "Project for the Plantation of the North of Ireland, which he addressed to the Earl of Northampton, as a leading member of the council in London — **The only hindrance," he states in this document, "is the want of means to carry out the necessary works. This it is proposed to meet by a general appeal to the nobility and gentry of England, Ireland, and Scotland, either by a letter of the Kin^ himself, or of some commissioned by his royal authority, for subscriptions in and of the undertaking ; the amount to be graauated according to a scale given in the project. The sums raised in England to be applied to the use of the precincts of the Ei^li^ lords and their undertakers ; those in Sootland, to those of the Scottish ; and those in Ireland, to the precincts assigned to the servitors and natives. The clergy should be invited to contribute for the building of diurches. A roll of contributors to be recorded in Chancery." This was akin to Chichester's plan of carrying out a successful plantation in Ulster, and prob-

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 375

24. Sir Thomas Chichester seeks land near Inishowen

    near Inishowen · townland · Donegal · 1609–1610

    Sir Thomas Chichester, youngest brother of Deputy Sir Arthur Chichester, sought plantation land near the borders of Inishowen. Sir Arthur noted that Chichester and others sought land there because it joined his land of Inishowen, rather than for the goodness of the soil.

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    (229). Thomas Chichester, — This undertaker was the youngest brother of the deputy, Sir Arthur Chichester, and, m common with some others, had expressed a wish to be settled near the borders of Inishowen, which belonged to the deputy, and would, most probably, be well ordered and thoroughly protected against any attempts on the part of the natives. In the deputy's ' Instructions' for the treasurer going to London, m Jan. 1609-10, he says: — *'Sir Thomas Chichester, and others, seek for land about those parts, because it joins so near his land of Enishowen, more than for the goodness of the soil." Sir Thomas Chichester, before obtaining this grant, had got a lease of extensive lands in the county of Wicklow, dated March 20, 1607. The reader may see a list of the names and quantities of these valuable lands in Erck's Repertory, p. 400.

    (250). aart, — This undertaker, so well known in con-

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 267

25. Sir Thomas Ridgway's castle and settlement at Clogher

    near Clogher · town · Tyrone · 1610–1611

    Sir Thomas Ridgway, treasurer at Wars in Ireland, appeared as undertaker for 2,000 acres in the Precinct of Clogher, bringing twelve carpenters from London and Devonshire in May 1610. He was erecting a wardable castle and houses, with ten masons and two smiths employed, and had arranged 700 trees and 400 boards from Patrick McKenna of the Trough, County Monaghan.

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    [" Precinct of Clogher, Sir Thomas Ridgway, vice-treasurer and treasurer at Wars in Ireland, undertaker for 2,000 acres, has appeared in person. His agent is Emanuel Ley, resident thi$ twelvemonth, who is to be made a freeholder under him. Sir Thomas brought from London and Devonshire, the 4th May, 1610, 12 carpenters, mostly with wives and families, who have since been resident, employed in felling timber, brought by Patrick McKenna of the Trugh [Trough], county Monaghan, none being in any part of the barony of Clogher, or else where nearer him, viz., 700 trees, 400 boards and planks, besides a quantity of stone, timber for tenements, wkh timber ready for the setting up of a water-mill He is erecting a wardable castle and houses, to be finished about the next Spring. Ten masons work upon the castle, and two smiths. One Mr. Farefax, Mr. Laughton, Robert Williams, Henry Holland, and three of said carpenters are to be made

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 449

26. Sir William Taaffe's burial at Ardee with monument

    Ardee · town · Louth · 1630

    Sir William Taaffe, a distinguished servitor of Irish birth with an ancient family of great repute in Louth and Sligo, directed in his will of 1630 that he be buried at Ardee where his ancestors lay, and that a monument costing £50 be erected at his grave.

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    (267). William Taaffe, — This undertaker had proved himself a very distinguished servitor, although of Irish birth. His fkmily was very ancient, and of great repute in the counties of Louth and Sligo. Sir William Taaffe^ styled of Harleston, Ballymote, and Smarmore, appears to have rendered signal services to the Crown during the war against Hugh O'NeilL This grant of 1,000 acres in Cavan was but a small part of the reward bestowed in return by the Crown. In 1592, Elizabeth granted him extensive Crovm lands in Connaught without fine ; and James I. granted him lands in the counties of Waterford, Cavan, Cork, Sligo, Louth, Dublin, Kerry, Lon£;ford, Meath, Westmeath, Mayo, Tipperary, and Queen^ Co. In his will, which was made in 1630, he directs that he was to be buried at Ardee, where his ancestors lay, and that his son. Sir John Taaffe, should cause a monument, costing 50/., to be erected at his grave. His son and heir was created Viscount Taaffe. See Lodge's Peerage^ edited by Archdall, vol. iv., pp. 290^ 291.

    344 THE PLANTATION IN ULSTER.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 283

27. Tyrone's Bann fishing rights assigned to Weston

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1609

    Nicholas Weston petitioned the government in 1609, stating the Earl of Tyrone had assigned him the fishing of the Bann and Salmon Leap near Coleraine as security for a £1,200 debt. Following Tyrone's flight and the confiscation of his lands, the deed became worthless, prompting Weston to seek government recompense.

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    (87). Nicholas ffVi/im.— rThis gentleman was a Dublin alderman, but he never seems to nave been without some aocthem difficulty on hand. It is not easy to imagine how he had got horses mixed up with those of both the Earl and Countess of Tyrone unless he had sent them to pasture on the rich lands around Dungannon. Some of his transactions with 0*NeiU appear to have been of a more important nature, as the following petition, addrened to Salisbuiy on the 25th of Marcl^ or first day of the year, 1609, sumciently testifies : — " As security for a debt of 1,200/. the Earl of Tyrone has assigned to him

    [Weston] the 'fishing of the Banne and Salmon Leap near Colezaine], which he had enjoyed for four years. AfVerwmrds, the Lord Duputy and council havii^ thought fit that the fishing should be restored to Tyrone, it was ordered that Tyrone should give security for the payoient of the debt with interest at 10 per cent. ; but lyrone being sent for into England, he had come to petitioner and told him that he had no other security to givt, md therefore returned to him again ; the deed tacreof passed to himself [Tyrone] by Mr. James Hamilton" (see p. 177). After Tyrone's flight, and the confiscation of his lands, this deed was of no value, and therefore Weston wished the Government to repav him his 1,900/1, or recompense him out of the rents of Tyrone's escheated lands. How this matter was settled, we know not. The other northern earl, Tyrconnell, conveyed to this Weston and his heirs, for a huge money considera-

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 194

28. Undertakers petitioned Charles I for re-grants after neglecting oaths

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1626–1629

    In 1626, undertakers generally feared confiscation due to neglect of the Oath of Supremacy and other conditions, and petitioned Charles I for re-grants, offering to pay a fine of £30 per 1,000 acres. The King acceded and allowed three parts of each proportion to be occupied by British tenants and the fourth by Irish if they pleased.

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    (8). Of Supremacy, — ^Although so many of the settlers on this property are here stated by Pynnar to have duly taken this oath, it is incredible that so many among the tmdertaker class had neglected to do so. We are told by the inquisition of 1629 tnat "neither the said Sir James Hamilton, Richard Hadsor, or the other persons before mentioned, by the space of one yere and more after the severall graunts, did take the oath of Supremacy ; and soe the said Esme lord Aubigney and Sir James Hamilton the provisoes and conditions |pf the grant] did breake, whereby the premises did escheate to the late King James, his heirs and successors." Sir Henry Perse, for a time the principal owner, and Sir William Parsons, who was a trustee on the estate, neglected this oath also, and oonsrauently had compromi^d their claims. (See also (38) Cfar. I:) In the year 1626, the undertakers generally, fearing that in consequence of their having neglected this and other conditions, their lands might be confiscated, joined in a petition to Charles I. for re-grants, offering to pay, in each case, a fine of 30/. for every 1,000 acres, nccording to the survey, and so rateably for every greater or lesser proportion of'^the lands (see note 2). To this Uie King acceded, and, for the further encouragement of undertakers, stipulated in the new patents that three parts of each proportion only should be occupied by British tenants, whilst if it so pleased them, they might settle the fourth part with Irisn. (See Morrin's Calendar^ Car. I., pp. 100^ 118). In accordance with this arrangement, a' grant in July, 1629, was made to Sir Henry PierM, knight

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 365

29. Warrant of possession issued from camp near Dungannon

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1610

    On 3 September 1610, commissioners at their camp near Dungannon issued a standard warrant of possession directing sheriffs to remove Irish tenants, possessors, and occupiers from granted lands and deliver seisin to the patentees. The warrant commanded natives to depart with their families and goods to assigned baronies or elsewhere at their own will.

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    of two hundred eood oaks of several sizes, and of growth sufficient to make timber for building upon the small proportion, growing either within that county, or else upon any the escheated lands in the province of Ulster, lying nearest unto the premises, and most convenient to be carried and transported thither by land or by water at the election of the patentee, there to be expended in structures or buildings according to the covenants in that behalf; and for so doing this shall be your warrant. Given at the camp near Dunganon the 3rd of September, 16 ID. Addressed to the commissioners generally appointed for the assignation. of timber to the undertakers of the escheated lands in Ulster."

    (70). Heads of creaghts. —The person designated as head of a creaght, in the Irish State Papers of the seventeenth century, vras known to the Brehon laws as a Bo-Aire, literally a 'cow-nobleman,' from the circumstance of his having raised himself to a certain rank by his wealth, which consisted in the acaimulation of great numbers oi cattle. The Bo- Aire, from being originally a peasant, and acquainted with peasant wants and ways, generally became

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

30. Woman's letter from Derry praising Ulster's plenty

    near Derry · city · Derry

    A woman arriving in Derry wrote to her sister expressing astonishment at the plentiful supplies in Ulster, describing fat beef and sheep brought in by tenants and calling it 'a fine countrye.' The letter is cited from the Trevelyan Papers.

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    Irish. On her coming to Deny she must have expressed, without much delay or circumlocution, her astonishment at the plentiful supplies of all substantial creature-comforts to be found in Ulster. Writing to her sister, soon after her arrival, she makes the following allusion to this matter: — "I doute not, if you weare here but that you would like of the countrye well enough. I thank God, I like it indififeraunt well this far [thus far], and I am made believe that we shall like it everye day better than other. Wee have our fatte beefes and sheep brought in by our tennants as fast as we can use them, and we want [lack] no good companye, as my cousin William can show you, to hclpQ eat it up. . . If my cousin William doth dispraise the countrye, believe him not, for truly it is a fine countrye." See Trevelyan Papers y part iii., pp. 78, 100, 102.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

31. Ballyshannon land seizure and the Flight of the Earls

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    The allocation of 1,000 acres at Ballyshannon, taken from the Earl of Tirconnell, was identified as one of the chief causes of his discontent and eventual flight from Ireland.

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    (56). Ballyshannon, — The snatching so large a slice as this from the Earl of Tirconnell, was one of the chief causes of his discontent, and eventual 'flight.'

    (57). 70*704 ^cres, — When the actual planting came only 63,000 acres were found available for undertakers.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Ballyshannon sits along this road. About 1,000 acres here were taken from the Earl of Tirconnell, and that seizure was one of the chief causes of his discontent and his eventual flight from Ireland.

32. Border clans' daily incursions on the Pale

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan

    Perrott listed the clans whose soldiers made daily incursions and spoils upon the Pale, including O'Reillys, O'Farrells, McMahon's country, MacGuires, Captains of Dartrie in Monaghan, the Fews (O'Neills), Ferney (MacMahons), and O'Hanlons.

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    rent paid her. In some few of late years they would give to the Deputy for his good-will a reward of 200 or 300 kine to confirm such elections [of chiefs], but the Queen never had anything. Two, and sometimes three were elected, which bred war among themselves, and he that was the weakest commonly obtained aid of the Deputy [for very obvious reasons]. 2. Owing to the Captamries and Tanistships, it was necessary to maintain soldiers to defend the Pale from the daily incursions and spoils made by the O'Reylies, the O'Farralls, McMahon's country, the McGwiris, the Captains of Dartrie [in Monagnan], the Fews [O'Neills], Femey [MacMahons], O'Hanlons, and others, who did not care what evil they did, for they were sure their children, commonly bastards, would not have their seigniories till all the rest of the eldest and' worthiest of the house were sped. 3. Sir Henry Sydney made a law, ii Eliz., to cut off all captainries and seneschalships, except those granted by letters patents. The exception was mischievous, for it is all one whether the Deputy or the Irish name the captain. 4. Finding this Act produced no reformation, Sydney made another in 12 Eliz., authorising the Deputy to grant letters patents to the Irishry that would surrender their lands to her Highness, and have the same granted back to them in fee tail, or fee simple. 5. In the time of my government I was commanded to take surrenders of such Irish lords as would make surrenders to her Majesty of their seigniories, and to grant the same back again to the same lords for their heirs male or heirs general. . I persuaded Sir John O'Reyly, Sir Rosse McMahon, Sir Oho [Oghie] O'Hanlon, Sir Connor McGwire, Shane McBrian, Neal Oge McFelim, Sir Con McNeale Oge, Sir John O'Dogherty, the Captain of Kilwarlin, O'Connor Sligo, O'Connor Done, Sir Brian O'Rourke, Sir Murragh [Mulmorie] ne Doe, Angus McConell [Macdonnell], the lord of Cantire [who then held the Antrim glens], and many other lords to do so, and reserved from them about 2,000/. for the Crown, besides risings out of sundry horsemen and footmen, and other customs. I lost near 1,000/. in preferring the public good to receiving cows for making captains and seneschals, placing in their stead shreves [sheriffs], justices of the peace, and other officers, whereby peace was secured. Many of the great lords came to Dublin to take their leaves at my departure [pleased no doubt at getting possession of die whole property of their respective chuis]. 6. All this tends to prove that the surrendering of their lands, and taking the same back again, must breed quietness, obedience, and profit Love to their children will make them fearfol to disobey the laws, and desirous to build houses, purchase lands, and grow wealthv. I wrote a pamphlet about 10 or 12 years past upon tnis subject. See CaUndar of Carew MSS.^ third series, ^pp. 27, 28.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 28

33. Bribery of Sir William Fitzwilliam with 800 cows

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan

    Hugh Roe McMahowne paid Sir William Fitzwilliam 500 cows, his wife 100, and his son John 100, plus about 800 more cows to divers others, to obtain consent to succeed his brother. Cattle represented coin even in the matter of bribes in late sixteenth-century Monaghan.

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    " Also, he saith that the said Hugh Roe McMahowne, for obtaining Sir William Fitzwilliam's consent [to succeed his brother. Sir Rosse McMahowneJ, promised and paid him 500 cows, the lady his wife 100, and John Fitzwilliam his son 100 ; and that also he paid to divers others in reward, and for charges while he attended the State, to the number of 800 cows (64).

    gent, got TuUecarbet, containing 12 tates. Charles Flemings name does not appear on the list as a partaker of these lands. The divers other strangers were Roger Garlon of Strabanan, in the county of Louth, genL ; . Thomas Clinton of Dowdeston, in the county of Louth, gent ; William Garvey, gent, son to the Lord Primate ; and Gerrot Dillon of Ardbraccan, gent. See Ulster InquisiHonSt p. xxx., Introduction.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 45

34. Cheap barley at Coleraine market from Irish tillage

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1607

    Phillips noted in his Project for planting the O'Cahan country that Irish tillage was so productive that a Bristol barrel of barley sold for only 18 shillings in the market of Coleraine, evidence of the natives' agricultural achievements.

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    We are generally accustomed to believe that the Irish of Ulster, in the seventeenth century, were ignorant of all agricultural piursuits, including, of course, the management of domesticated animals. Our plantation records, however, show us clearly enough that we have been mistaken to a very considerable extent in this conclusion also. Their knowledge and management in such matters would fall far short, to be sure, of our present requirements; but, as compared with their neighbours, whether English or Scottish, it is pretty evident that the Irish of Ulster only wanted peau to enable them to excel both, as agriculturists. During the seven years' war already referred to, the native inhabitants of this province were reduced to the lowest depths of misery by the systematic destruction of their cattle and growing crops ; but even in the brief lull or interval of peace that succeeded, from the spring of 1602 until the autumn of 1607, the recuperative process appears to have been of a very remarkable character indeed. On the flight of the earls at the latter, date. Sir Thomas Phillips made^a journey from Coleraine to Dungannon, through the wooded country of Loch-inis-0*Lynn, or Loughinsholin, and thereupon wrote to Salisbury, expressing among other matters, his unfeigned astonishment at the sight of so many cattle and such abundance of grain as he had observed all along his route from the one town to the other. This servitor's astonishment arose from the fact — not that the Irish were successful agriculturalists under favourable circumstances, for that seems to have been generally acknowledged — ^but that in so short an interval of peace the district above named, which had suffered such fearful havoc during the war, should have assumed, as if by some magical power, that charming aspect peculiar only to a condition of peace and plenty. The hill-sides were literally covered with cattle, where creaghting went on, no doubt, in its most attractive forms ; the valleys were clothed in the rich garniture of ripening barley and oats ; whilst the woods swarmed with swine — 20,000 of these animals being easily fattened yearly (as Phillips himself afterwards affirmed) in the forest of Glenconkeyne alone. As an evidence of the agricultural tastes and achievements of the natives in '' that pleasant and fruitful countrye of the O'Cahans," Phillips stated, in his Project for planting it, that '* the Irishmen have been so addicted to tillage that a Bristowe ban barrell of barley was sold but for 18^. in the market of Coleraine." Fynes Moryson informs us that their exports in grain and raw hides were considerable; and Sir Arthur Chichester states that these exports were only permitted to Great Britain. The only period, however, during his administration in which the

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

35. Chichester writes from Dungannon to Salisbury

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1609

    Deputy Chichester wrote to Salisbury from Dungannon on 17 August, complaining that the Bishop of Derry had not yet joined the other plantation commissioners despite being deeply interested in their investigations. He also sent for the Archbishop of Dublin, who attended at great risk to his health.

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    The deputy had, evidently, since coming north, met some specimens of the probable settlers, and must have begun to feel uneasy about the future of his cherished movement in Ulster. He never liked the 'Project' prepared in London ; and he now speaks as if he would be glad to see it superseded by some simpler and more vigorous Scheme. Chichester wrote to Salisbury, from Dungannon, on the 17th of August, complaining that the Bishop of Deny had not then joined the other commissioners, although he [the bishop] was so deeply interested in their investigations. In Montgomery's absence, the deputy sent for the Archbishop of Dublin, and the latter had attended at great risk to his health, but could not be induced to move in any church questions without the co-operation and consent of the primate and the Bishop of Derry. Chichester, therefore, felt disquieted on this point, and had little time, — perhaps less inclination, — to write again to Salisbury

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 130

    As the companion tells it

    Dungannon in Tyrone was where Deputy Chichester found himself in August 1609, writing to Salisbury with a growing sense of unease. He had come north and met some of the likely settlers, and what he saw did not reassure him about the future of the plantation in Ulster. He had never liked the Project prepared in London, and now he spoke as though he would be glad to see it replaced by something simpler and more vigorous. On the 17th of August he wrote from Dungannon, complaining that the Bishop of Derry had not yet joined the other commissioners, though the bishop was deeply interested in their investigations. In Montgomery's absence, Chichester sent for the Archbishop of Dublin, who came at great risk to his health. Yet the Archbishop could not be induced to move on any church questions without the cooperation and consent of the primate and the Bishop of Derry. Chichester felt disquieted, and had little time, perhaps less inclination, to write again to Salisbury.

36. Derry detached from Donegal for Londoners' benefit

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1608

    Derry, formerly connected with Tirconnell or Donegal, was included in the new county of Londonderry for the special interest of the Londoners. Chichester noted in 1608 that the Derry had no land attached to it, with lands on the Donegal side passed to private men or belonging to the Bishop.

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    As abready stated, Derry, an important position, was taken from its former connection with Tirconnell or Donegal, and included in the county of Londonderry for the special interest and gratification of the Londoners. Chichester's 'notes of remembrances' referring to this place in 1608, are as follow : — "The Derry has not a foot of land laid to it ; all on Tyrconnell's side [what belonged to it on the Donegal side] was passed to private men, or is the Bishop's, together with the very site of the city (8); and by reason of the contention arising thereon, the inhabitants have

    (8). Site of the city.— On the 25th of May, 1603, were demised to Sir Henry Docwra, governor of Lough Foyle, "one newe house in the fort of the Derrie, builded by him, wherein he nowe dwelleth, with the late dissolved chappell of Nounes [nuns], and the Stone Tower by the bogg-syde, situate in the island of the Derrie, in county Dounagall, with the whole island of the Derrie, and all other buildings, gardens, &c., in said island — ^to hold for 21 yeares." {KrcV^s Repertory^ p. 48). "Deny is placed on the western or Donegal side of the Foyle, about five miles above the junction of that river with Lough Foyle, , and fourteen below Lifford. The situation is equally remarkable for its distinguished local advantages and picturesque features, being a hill nearly insulated by a Droad and navigable river, and cominanding on every side views of a country rich in natural and cultivated beauty. This hill, which, in troubled times, was selected as the natural acropolis of the North, comprised till lately within its limits the whole of the city and suburbs. The hill or 'Island of Deny,' as it is still usually called, which is of an oval form, ascends to an elevation of 119 feet.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 293

37. Earl of Abercorn's castle, school, church and town of 80 houses at Strabane

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone · 1611–1622

    On the 1,000-acre proportion of Strabane, the Earl of Abercorn built a strong and fair castle, a school house of lime and stone, and a church (whose walls reached about five feet before stalling after the Earl's death). A town of 80 houses was built around the castle, with 120 families able to make 200 armed men, plus three water mills for corn.

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    The Earl of Abercorne holdeth 1,000 acres, called Strabane. Upon this there is built a very strong and fair Castle, but no Bawne, and a School House of Lime and Stone. There is also a

    this chief, and the district whence he derived his distinctive (221). And Ragh, — The absence of any notice in the

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

38. Erris resident defends old ploughing custom, 1845

    Erris · barony · Mayo · 1845

    A letter from a resident in Erris, published in Otway's Sketches in Erris and Tyrawley around 1845, defended the old custom of ploughing with horses by the tail, illustrating the persistence of the practice in western Ireland.

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    hath renewed their complaints that this annual execution of lOf. for every short Plough hath, in many places, hurt and impoverished the country : and by colour thereof, of some have been taken and extorted Money for their Harrowes (as we are informed) ; and of some of less abilitie, composition made at less rates than the penaltie of lOf. appointed (as was directlie proved). -60 that the use of this Patent lends more to a private gaine than to a Reformacion : In regard whereof, and the due consideration of the now scarcity of Come, and the Povertie of this People, we conceive it fitt that short Ploughs should be tollerated till the firste of Aprill and no longer ; that in the meantime men may furnish themselves with such Ploughs as are in use in England, or learn to use their short Ploughs, setting their garrons three or four Horses affront, which is free from unseemliness and fitter for some mountainous and hoggish grounds than the long Plough, as is now begun and practised in the barony of Clankie [Clonkee], in the countie of Cavan, which we rather advise ; because we have received credible Informacion that the Earle of Antrim in the county of Antrim, where he hath divers Baronies, hath banished that barbarous Custome, by holding all his Tennants to the fashion of English plowing ; and Sir George Hamilton hath already reformed his Tennants, and so others. And your Mati« ayme appearinge by all the Acts to tend to Reformacion of the Abuse, and to remove the barbarous Practise Wee offer to your Mati«» consideracipn whither it were not fitt, that your Royal Pleasure shall by a Proclamation be published, inhibiting all your subjects here after the ffirst day of Aprill next, from ploughing with Garrons, or Bullocks, tyed by the Tayles, upon paine of your high displeasure, ^and such as shall offend to be bounde to their good behaviours till they reforme." It is remarkable with what. tenacity the Irish, in som» districts, clung to this method of ploughing — and under the impression that it was the most humane ! So late as the year 1 777, when the well-known tourist Young, visited Cavan, he found the practice in full force. " They very commonly" says he, "plough and harrow with their horses drawing by the tail ; it is done every season. Nothing can put them beside this, and they insist that, take a horse tired in traces, and put him to work by the tail, he will draw better ; quite fresh again. Indignant reader, this is no jest of mine, but cruel, stubborn, barbarous truth ! It is so all over Cavan." See Young's Tour in Ireland^ published in 1780. In Roscommon, the practice existed so recently as the year 1809, and probably much later. Otway*s Sketches in Erris emd Ty* rawiey contain a letter from a resident in Erris [1845] defending the old custom ! See Ulster Journal of Arch" <eology, vol. vL, pp. 216-217.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 402

39. Essex seizes Island Magee from the O'Neills

    near Island Magee · parish · Antrim · 1572–1593

    Shane O'Neill complained in 1593 that the Earl of Essex had seized Island Magee, long the inheritance of his family, on Essex's arrival at Carrickfergus in 1572. The island was thereafter kept for Essex's own use, contrary to equity and justice.

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    Another powerful Ulster lord was that Shane, son of the well-known Sir Brian Mac Felim O'Neill, who was treacherously seized by the first Devereux, Earl of Essex, at Belfast, and executed at Carrickfergus, in 1574. His eldest son, Shane, held afterwards the greater part of Lower Clannaboy, and now, in 1593, came forward to state the "grievances" of which he had to complain, and which, indeed, amply justified the rebellious attitude he had assumed. His statement is short, but significantly expressive of very great spoliation on the part of two servitors, viz., Essex and Bagenall. He stated, in substance, as follows : — "i. Soon after the death of Sir Brian McPhelim, father to the said Shane, the island Magie, adjoining to Carrickfergus, being time out of mind his proper inheritance, was taken from him by the Earl of Essex, and has ever since been kept to his [Essex's] use, contrary to equity and justice (59).

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 43

40. Fir-Lee, ancient inhabitants of the barony of Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry

    The Fir-Lee, or 'Men of Li,' were the ancient inhabitants of the territory that is now known as the barony of Coleraine. They were allies and neighbours of the Hy-Tuirtre and assisted them against John de Courcy.

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    Fir-Lee, or *Men of Li,* the ancient inhabitants of the territory now known as the barony of Coleraine, 1 1 ; allies and neighbours of the Hy-Tuirtre, ib. ; assist the latter against John de Courcy, ib.

    Ftr-na-Craebh, or *Men of the Creeve,' the ancient tribename of the O'Cahans, 18; origin of this name, ib.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 500

41. Gosford estates in Cavan and Armagh, 1876

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1876

    The representatives of Sir Archibald Acheson, now earls of Gosford, continued to hold broad lands in counties Cavan and Armagh into the nineteenth century. In 1876 the then earl offered the Cavan estate for sale.

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    second wife. Sir William Hamilton's daughter, he had but one son, George ; but his mother turned Papist after Sir Archibald's death, and said she had ventured her soul for an Acheson, He died of a pestilential fever ; and it is thought that his son Georee shall get nothing of that estate, it being all destroyed by war in the late [1641] troubles." (See Scotstarvet's Staggering State^ p. 77. ) But Sir John Scott was mistaken in supposing that Sir Geoige Acheson would lose the family property in Ulster. His representatives, now earls of Gosford, continue to enjoy their broad lands in the counties of Cavan and Armagh at the present day. The earl that now [in 1876] has offered the Cavan estate for sale. The seversd poles of which this proportion was made up contained, in each case, a number of distinct parcels known by the following names : — " The pole of Taghecoskery was also called Tecosker, of which Knocknelagc^, Ferrivirry, Aughinlagh, CloncuUen, Arvaghbeg, Arvaghmore, and Knockulguin were parcells. The pole of Tonitragk is also called Tonelitragh, and Corhonge, of which Comecamgragh, Derricloygh, Annaghmoman, Gurtenmore, [ ], Monevcletlogh, Tewagh, Tonagh-

    boy, Bellaghcorlea, Skenaghesk, Garvagh, Corrifoghan, Ballaghnaknok, and Seshiagh, are parcels. Dromcherin was also called Coullisbrenton, and contained the parcels of Aghengreagh, Corleagh, Craphogagh, Gurtenfadd, Tonemaccarmick, Cudroawgan, Gargyaghnescrymc^e, and Skregg. Garrownerye is also called Corronerye, and contains the parcels of Cloneyn, Gannan, Aughkinteere, and Corrjfnarrymore. Gartollogh contains the parcels of Garteame, Anneygheill, Teivecanib, Tonalein, Keldragh, Tonaghboy, Kil^rve, Leevone, and Gartenknok. Farrongarrowmghtra contains the parcels called Aghvonteaskyn, TawnaghnesoU, Gobnecurr, Cloyragh, Gortenmorenecloyrin, <5)rtenmeenecloyrin, Skraghvieilkenan, Cormoynecloyrin, Straghmoneduff, Knockmonderbttllin, and Knocknemullan. Fai'rangarrineightra contains the parcels called Lagnegrowagh, Knockneshervoke, Tawnaghboy, Comegh, Spencokagh, Garridonnellmacewir, Moneinlehan, and Townaghnaowle. Drommalh is

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 383

42. Inquisition at Augher on Hamilton land leases

    near Augher · town · Tyrone · 1631

    An inquisition held at Augher on 4th May 1631 found that Sir William Hamilton had leased multiple balliboes within the proportions of Killeny and Tedan to 'meer Irish' contrary to his letters patent, rendering those lands forfeited. The lessees named included balliboes of Tireamaddan, Litterbrett, Dongragh, Aghnacree, Gorten, and others.

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    (229). And Killiny, — Seep. 289. An inquisition held at Augher, on 4th May, 163 1, gives the following account of affairs on the two proportions above named: — ''Sir Wm. Hamilton, late of Munterlony, in the Co. of Tyrone, knt, houldeth the small proportion of Killeny and the small proportion of Tedan [called Eden by Pynnar], in the barony of Strabane, in free and common socage, by letters pattents. The said Sir William, contrary to the intent of the said letters hath, since the date of the same, demised the several balliboes and parcels of Und hereunder mentioned, unto the meere Irish, and such as are not allowed by the said letters pattents over and above the fourth parte of each of the said proportions of Killeny and Tedan, viz. : — Bryen Roe McConmoy, houldeth the balliboe of land called Tireamaddan, for the term of 2 yeares, from Andrew Hayes, who houldeth the same from Sir William. Morrise O'Teman houldeth the balliboe of Litterbrett and Dongragh from the said Sir William till the feast of All Saints next, and doth plough, pasture, and grasse upon the same. Shane Roe O'Devin houldeth the yi balliboe of Nonehicannon, in the said proportions for one of them], from Tames Hamilton, who houldeth the same from the said Sir William, and doUi plough, pasture^ and grass the same till hallowtide next. Bryen McCrener

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 442

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Augher, in Tyrone. In 1631, on the 4th of May, an inquisition was held here, and what it found was this. Sir William Hamilton, late of Munterlony, held the small proportions of Killeny and Tedan, in the barony of Strabane, by letters patent in free and common socage. But he had leased lands to the meer Irish, people not allowed under those letters, beyond the fourth part of each proportion that was permitted. The inquisition named them. Bryen Roe McConmoy held the balliboe of Tireamaddan for two years, taken from Andrew Hayes, who held it from Sir William. Morrise O'Teman held the balliboes of Litterbrett and Dongragh from Sir William himself, until the feast of All Saints, and was ploughing, pasturing, and grazing upon them. Shane Roe O'Devin held the balliboe of Nonehicannon from Tames Hamilton, who also held from Sir William, and was likewise ploughing and grazing there until Hallowtide. The finding was that these leases, made contrary to the intent of the letters patent, rendered the lands forfeit.

43. Irish Society covenanted to maintain Culmore fort forever

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1613

    The charter required the Irish Society to keep and maintain forever the fort of Culmore as part of their plantation obligations. This covenant was listed alongside requirements to convey lands to the bishop and dean of Derry and to provide glebes on their estates.

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    After giving power to the Irish Society to elect officers and to make ordinances for the government of Londonderry during the space of ten years, the charter grants to them and their successors, the several forts, towns, and lands already mentioned in detail (see pp. 387-392), and all fealty and services of socage reserved out of the same premises, and all knights' fees, wards, marriages, escheats, reliefs, heriots, fines, courts leet, courts of view and frank-pledge, hereditaments and appurtenances, to be held as amply as the King himself had held the same, with certain exceptions specified. To hold the premises to the only proper use of the Society and its successors forever ; to hold the city of Londonderry and the 4,000 acres next adjoining on the Derry side, and the town of Coleraine and the 3,000 acres to the same adjoining, in free burgage, as of the castle of Dublin ; and to hold the rest of the premises by fealty only, in free and common socage^ rendering the rents therein mentioned. And the Society covenanted, on its part, to convey certain lands to the bishop and dean of Derry within a year ; to keep and maintain forever the fort of Culmore ; to convey certain lands for glebes on their estates within a year. The charter then provided that the timber growing on the lands of Glenconkeyne and ELiUetragh should forever after be used for the convenience and advantage of the settlers in building their houses and other necessary works, and not on any terms to be merchandised or sold. The customs were granted to the Society during a term of ninety-nine years, for a rent of 13^.4^/.; and, finally, among various other important powers and privileges, the office of admiral was granted forever on the coasts or shores of Tyrconnell or Donegal, Coleraine, and the county of Londonderry. See p. 382 ; see also Lord Langdale'sy^^^mM/, delivered in Nov., 1838.

    By an order of the Society made on the 24th of June, 1613, after reciting that in so noble a

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 346

44. Ironmongers' agent sent to Aghadowey estate

    Aghadowey · townland · Derry · 1614

    George Canning was engaged in 1614 as agent for the Ironmongers' Company and sent to Aghadowey, where their estate lands principally lay. The foundations of a castle or stone house were laid there by the agent, but work soon came to a stand for want of funds.

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    The Ironmongers, who, for a time appear to have been unprovided with an agent to look after their lands, soon contrived to obtain the services of a highly respectable and intelligent person, named George Canning (78). This gentleman was engaged in 1614, and sent to Aghadowey,. where the lands of the Ironmongers' estate principally lay. In our absolute dearth of information respecting the first feeble movements of the companies in the settlement of their several lands, it is important to have even two or three letters from the scene of action, written by this evidently able man, who speaks specially, of course, in reference to the estate on which he was employed, but whose statements also apply more or less directly to current matters in other companies' lands. Canning, after having spent some months on the Bann-side, wrote to his employers the following, among other letters : — " Right Worshipfull — Maie it please you to understande that my last letter to you was by Mr. Vincent, preacher at Colraine, and nowe being this Saboth come to Cobraine, I hear of this conveyance which doth purpose to goe forwarde to-morrowe morning, and therefore I am enforced to write in some haste, soe that I cannot write soe laigelie of your business and my accompt as I would have done if I had more tyme (79). But thus much I must give you to understande that the money which did rest in my hands upon my last accompt is allmost all disbursed (80), and your building nowe begun which is not fitt should be neglected or prolonged, and because I am uncertain how long it will be before I heare from your worships, I have presumed

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 352

45. Island of Derry and canon lands to be restored to the bishop

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1609–1610

    Bishop Montgomery recommended that the island of Derry, together with the canon lands lying near it, be restored to the Bishop of Derry and the Cathedral Church there. He proposed that the heir of Sir George Pawlet be given recompense in some other place for these lands.

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    was the bishop's fi&rmer, called an eirenach, had another, and the third was allowed for the cure. [Harris, ** having had access to the Inquisition of 1609, should have known that the bishop received no tithes, but that the rector, as well as the vicar, did." Reeves's ColtotCs Visitation^ p. 119.] But Bishop Montgomery, who was the first bishop after the reformation, abolished all these, and gave the whole tithes to the cure [to pay the incumbent], King James I. supporting and forwarding him in it." Two radical changes effected by this arrangement are recommended by Montgomery, as follows : — *^ First, that all Church lands graunted unto patentees under the name of Abbey land, or Termon land, may be restored unto Byshops and Cathedrall Churches, to which they did aunciently belong, and a recompense given to the patentees owt of other temporall lands now in the King's hand to bestowe; and in especyali that the Termons of Mondhon be restoared to the Bishoprick of Clougher, and no new grants made to patentees thereof, otherwise that Bishoprick must be dissolved, whose jurisdiction is extended through two great counties, Monahon and Fermanogh. Also that the Termons in Cavan be restoared to the Bishoprick of Killmore ; and the Hand of Deriy with the Canons lands lying neere it may be restoared to the bishop of Derry, and to the Cathedrall Church there, and a recompense given to the heyre of Sr George Pawlet in som other place, and to Captayne Brookes for Clonluye, which also belongeth to the Byshop of Derry and is withheld by C. Brooks. Secondly f tnat all ecclesiasticall land now found for the King by thb last office [of inquisition, 1609], and yet undisposed, may be restoared to the severall Bishopricks to which they did formerly belong ; viz., the lands in Armagh and those in Tirone that pay rent to the Primat, that they may be restoared to the Primat. The rest in Tirone, Colrane, Inishowen to the Bishoprick of Derry. They in Tirconnell to the Bishoprick of Raphoe ; and those in Fermanogh to the Bishoprick of Clougher. All is of the King his free gyft, and a new creation made of theise Bishopricks by the King's letters Patent, with the auncient liberties of the Church, the Bishops being limited what states to graunt of theise lands, and barred from letting the mensale lands, to which all those who formerly received these Bishopricks from the Pope, were straictly bound by oath in the Pope's grants, or (as the Irish call them) apostolicis rescriptis, whereof I have scene manye." See Montgomery's Tract on the Ancient Estate 0/ the Bishopricks of Derry, Rafho, and Clougher, as quoted in the Memoir of the Parish of Templemore, pp.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 75

    As the companion tells it

    The city of Derry carries a story from the years 1609 and 1610, when the first bishop after the Reformation, Bishop Montgomery, set out to restore what had been taken from the Church. Montgomery had already abolished the old arrangement where a bishop's farmer, called an eirenach, held a share, and another portion went elsewhere, with only the third allowed for the cure. He gave the whole tithes to pay the incumbent, and King James the First supported him in it. Montgomery then recommended two great changes. First, that all Church lands granted to patentees under the name of Abbey land or Termon land should be restored to the bishops and cathedral churches to which they anciently belonged, with recompense given to those patentees out of other temporal lands then in the King's hand. For Derry specifically, he asked, in his own words, that the Island of Derry with the Canons lands lying near it may be restored to the Bishop of Derry and to the Cathedral Church there. He asked that recompense be given to the heir of Sir George Pawlet in some other place, and to Captain Brookes for Clonluye, which also belonged to the Bishop of Derry and was withheld by C. Brooks. Second, he asked that all ecclesiastical land found for the King by the inquisition of 1609, still undisposed, be restored to the several bishoprics where it formerly belonged. Those in Colrane and Inishowen would go to the Bishoprick of Derry. All of it, Montgomery wrote, was the King's free gift, a new creation of these bishopricks by the King's letters patent, with the ancient liberties of the Church restored.

46. Lady Katherine Cunningham's grant of Portlough and Drummeye lands

    Portlough · townland · Donegal · 1627–1629

    In May 1627, the King authorized a grant to Lady Katherine Cunningham of the guardianship of her minor son George Cunningham and the rents and profits of the proportions of Portlagh and Drummeye, including a mill erected there, for her maintenance and that of her children. Further royal letters in 1628 and 1629 addressed continued delays caused by debts owed by her late husband Sir James Cunningham, with the King ordering that no letters patent pass until those debts were settled.

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    hereby authorise you to make a grant by our letters patent, to lady Katherine of the guardianship of the body and lands of the said George Cunningham, her son, during his minority, and of all the rents and profits of the proportions of Portlagh and Drummeye, and the mill thereunto erected since the death of Sir James Cunningham, for the better maintenance of herself and her children ; and to take order that the lady Katherine may receive speedy satisfaction for all such sums of money as shall appear to be due unto her husband. Westminster, May, 1027." In the year following, another letter from the King to the deputy, adding — *' forasmuch as the said lady h^ not hitnerto been able to repair into that kingdom to prosecute her affairs there, being detained on this side by urgent business, and more especially for want of means to support her, the profits of those lands, which are her only supply of livelihood, being kept from her ; and in regard also, that the time limited by our letter and instructions of the 1 6th August, in the third year of our reign, for passing [re-passing] unto the undertakers of Ulster the sevenu proportions, is now expired, so that by our letters of the 5th of June last we have directed a commission and other instructions for passing those lands to several undertakers [which had been forfeited by neglect of covenants] ; it is our plesisurc that the said lady shall have the benefit of the commission and instructions lately directed as aforenid. " But there was further delay in having this business finally arranged, for the lady Katherine's brother, Lord Kilmaurs, had become security for several sums of money borrowed by her husband, which sums he, LfOrd Kilmaurs, was obliged to pay. A third royal letter was issued from Windsor, on the 16th of July, 1629, in which the Irish deputy is instructed as follows : — "Whereas, we did lately write our letters unto you, our Deputy, for passing Sir Tames Cunningham's lands unto his son, or some other feoffees, to his use, and the use of his mother, who is

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 417

47. Letting of Londoners' plantation lands amid unrest

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1610–1611

    George Canninge reports on the letting of townlands to English and Scottish tenants, noting Scots offer better rents but may not build as well. He seeks instructions on letting lands to natives who have privately promised to conform but fear their countrymen.

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    " Letters have latelie come from his Ma*"- for the speedy performance of the plantation, a coppie whereof I have sent to your worships herein closed, desiring to be speedily advised from you how to proceed in the Letting of your landes ; if you confer [compare] this letter with the articles of the plantation to which it hath reference, you the better decree [direct me]. Here are some Englishe and Scottishe which are willing to deale with me for some of your townelands, but none will take under 3 1 yeares, and hardlie any of the Englishe come to the rentes they are nowe att [in occupation of the natives], if they build at their owne charge. The Scotts are willing to give better rents than the English, but I doubte if they >vill performe so good building ; here is much catching after tenants that I think it not fitt to put anie away that will condiscend to indifferent [impartial] conditions and covenants. I am sure the Mercers' lands are some sett at a lower rent than they were at the last yeare, and no estate' under 31 yeares, I think there is some XX townes sett since I went into England, and they are desirous to sett more after the same [lower] rates. If the natives doe departe off from the Cittie lands, the prices will doubtlesse fall. I desire to be fuUie instructed uppon what conditions and covenants I may safelie sett parte of your lands to the natives ; some of them have promised me privatlie that they will conforme themselves, but they are verie fearful of their owne countrymen yet, till theire troubles are fullie past over.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 358

48. London agents' survey of Foyle, Roe, and Moyola valleys

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1609

    In 1609 the London agents were guided along the fertile valleys of the Foyle and Fahan, the banks of the Roe, and the windings of the Moyola through vast woods to Lough Neagh, deliberately avoiding bleaker districts around Slieve Gallion.

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    Two days subsequently to the date of this epistle, one of the 'agents,' Treswell, also wrote to Salisbury from Coleraine, expressing himself so much pleased with what they had seen of the country that they did not intend to 'survey any other part.' They had evidently seen the bright side of the picture, and were so delighted with the trophies of eels and iron ore (24), hides, and herrings, which they bore back to London, that they had no inclination to be critical on any subject It may be supposed that they had not been taken along the direct road from Coleraine to Lymavaddie over the heathery hills, nor permitted to catch glimpses of certain bleak districts surrounding Slievegallon. On the contrary, they were no doubt Med' along the noble valleys of the Foyle and Fahan ; permitted to linger amid the rural charms everywhere presenting themselves on the banks of the Roe ; and to follow leisurely the windings of the Mayola among the vast woods, on to the shores of Loughneagh, whose surface these London citizens would gaze at as a great inland sea. At all events, they were wide awake to everything presented to their view, and had very soon 'marked as their own' certain tempting sources of wealth which Chichester, and some other servitors, had hoped their visitors might overlook, or, perhaps, would not exactly know how to appreciate. But the servitors were mistaken ; for, although the citizens had kept their thoughts to themselves whilst on the Irish shore, they told them very emphatically to their associates in London, who afterwards demanded, among other possessions in O'Cahan's country, the very tit-bits these servitors so dearly wished to retain. This disturbing truth was soon noised abroad, and it only remained therefore, for Chichester and Phillips to yield with a good grace, but standing stoutly together, and endeavouring quietly to drive as good bargains with the King and his council as possible. On the 13th of October, we find Chichester referring to the matter in a very statesmanlike spirit and style, when writing to Salisbury, as follows : — " The agents of London have seen and observed whatsoever may make for pleasure, profit, and advantage within the limits assigned unto them, and return (if they mean as they speak) full freighted with desire and reasons to draw on a

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 304

49. Londoners demand command of Culmore Castle

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1609–1610

    The Londoners demanded command of Culmore Castle to search all persons passing outward with commodities. The demand was yielded unto, as the Londoners paid the officers and soldiers stationed there.

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    from all patents of privileges heretofore granted to any person, either of linseed oil, soap, ashes, or making glasses, or any other whatsoever, and that hereafter no patent of privileges be granted to any one within the said towns. Answer, If by course of law these patents can be revoked, it is wished that they were freed as demanded, and that in future no privilege should be given but by grant from hence, and the city called into it before it pass (42). Demand, To have command of the castle of Culmore, for search of all such as pass outward with commodities. Answer. Yielded unto, for they [the Londoners] pay the officers and soldiers. Demand, That the Liberties of the cities of Colrane and the Deny may be extended three miles every way, and that they may have such further liberties as, upon view of the charters of London, the Cinque Ports, or the City of Dublin, shall be found fit Answer, Yielded unto. Demand, That all particular men's interest, either in land or otherwise, be freed to the City. Answer, Excepting church and college land Demand, To have forces maintained at the King's charge, during the plantation, for the defence of those employed. Answer, Forces are fit to be maintained for some reasonable time. Demand, To have an Act of Parliament for settling and confirming these things, and also to have seven years' respite to consider such demands as shall further be thought fit"

    VL

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 313

50. Londoners fail to build houses and fortifications at Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1609–1612

    The Londoners were obligated to build 40 houses at Coleraine by November 1609 and 60 total by November 1611, but these requirements were not met. The report noted that no undertakers of wealth had been sent over to inhabit the town.

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    Londoners, especially on the banks of the Foyle and the Baan. **By the Articles of Covenant,'' says 1;his formidable accuser, "dated the 28th of January, 1609, the Londoners were tied to have built at the November following, 60 houses in the Derrie, and 40 in Coleraine, with fortification ; the rest, viz., 140 at the Derrie, and 60 at Coleraine, to be performed by November, 161 1, which was not performed accordingly. At the Derrie almost all to do at this day. ["They should have built before this at the Derrie 200 houses, and now there are not 20."] Much defect is observed even by the Irish themselves, in their [the Londoners'] proceedings. No undertakers sent over by them to inhabit the country ; nor any of wealth for the towns ; and all that is done is of little worth without being peopled. The natives still remain, contrary to the proclamation and order of the state, and encouraged thereto by their agent [Tristram Beresford]. The danger of fortification to be considered without inhabitants to keep it That order be taken for supply of inhabitants^ a^d storehouses for munition and arms. Special regard for Culmore (see p. 104), to be well manned and victualled. That bridges be made over the two rivers to Derrie and Coleraine for the speedy conveying of supply upon any occasion. That the Londoners, seeking manifestly their own private advantage, neglect the common good; and convert much timber to merchantable uses. That there are particular ends sought after, as may appear among the chief of them in buying of parts (68). That fortifications be hastened for the safety of the people at the Derrie, always

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 341

51. Magilligan parish named for hereditary church-land tenants

    near Tamlaght-ard or Magilligan · parish · Derry · 1500–1620

    The parish of Tamlaghtard was called Ard McGillygan in the sixteenth century, from the Magilligan family who were hereditary tenants of twelve quarters of church land within it. The parish extends from the summit of Benyevenagh and the mouth of the River Roe northward to Lough Foyle, and the name Magilligan persists on the Ordnance Map.

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    (2). Magilli^nes. — ^The Magilliganes were then the scattered families of a once numerous.and influential tribe, whom McFirbis notices in his enumeration of the descendants of OilioU, sonof EoghanBreadach, as the Ui-Giollain^ •at GioUagain, "The parish of Tamlaghtard was called Ard McGillygan in the sixteenth century, from the family who were the hereditary tenants of the twelve quarters of church land which were in it In later times the Ard has been dropped, so that this parish appearing on the Ordnance Map as Magilligan will prove a lasting memorial of the family." (See Colton^s Visitation^ edited by Dr. Reaves, p. 39). None of the family appear to have distinguished themselves on either side during the struggles between the English and the natives of Ulster in the sixteenth century. Possessing the church lands in the parish, the leaders of the sept were, probably 'scholars,' or persons devoted to the study and administration of the Brehon laws. The parish bearing their tribe-name of Magilligan extends from the summit of Benyevenagh and the mouth of the river Roe northward to the east side of the entrance of Lough Foyle, and thence four miles in a south-eastward direction along the Atlantic The Magilligans were hardly known at the commencement of the seventeenth century, from the cause, no doubt, already mentioned. Only one Donough Magilligan is named in the State Papers relating to that period, as having been a deputy from Sir Niall Garve O'Donnell to Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, during the revolt of the latter.

    (3). McCloskies, — **A branch of O'Kanes took the name of MacBloscaidh (now McClosky) from Bloscadh O'Kane, who lived in Uie I2th century." {Irish Topo^

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 291

52. Niall Garve O'Donnell's grievance at Derry landing

    near Derry · city · Derry

    Sir Niall Garve O'Donnell nursed his wrath because his cousin Hugh Roe O'Donnell was elected chief of the clan. When the English landed at Derry under Sir Henry Docwra, Niall Garve offered to join them with one thousand chosen men.

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    5. Sir Niall Garve O'Donnell represented the main family of the Clann-Dalaigh, and he kept ^ nursing his wrath" because his cousin, Hugh Roe O'Donnell, was elected by the clan as its chief and representative. On the landing of the English at Derry under the command of Sir Henry Docwra, Sir Niall Garve offered to join the latter with one thousand chosen men, on condition

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    Derry was where Niall Garve O'Donnell's grievance bore fruit. His cousin Hugh Roe O'Donnell had been elected chief of the clan, and Niall Garve kept nursing his wrath. When the English landed at Derry under Sir Henry Docwra, Niall Garve offered to join him with 1,000 chosen men, on condition.

53. O'Bristan the brehon meets commissioners at Devenish

    Devenish · townland · Fermanagh

    The old Irish brehon (judge) O'Bristan had a notable encounter with Sir John Davys and other plantation commissioners at Devenish. Davys provided an account of this meeting, which took place during the commission's work in Ulster.

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    O'Bristan, the old brehon, his encounter with Davys and other commissioners at Devenish, 184 ; Davys's account of him, ib,

    O'Byme, P'elim and Bryan, treacherously imprisoned and plundered by Parsons and others, 474.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog

54. O'Cahan chiefs among four natives admitted in Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1608–1610

    Manus O'Cahan, Manus McCoey Ballagh O'Cahan, and Coey Ballagh McRichard O'Cahan, along with the children of Captain Dennis O'Mullen and Shane O'Mullen, were named as the four natives to be admitted by the Londoners in County Coleraine.

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    with Sir Cormock O'Neale's wife, and Sir Donnell O'Caen's wife, in what county the Lord Deputy shall please. 7. Brian McGuire [brother of Cuconnaght] to have one great proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Coole and Tircannada, in Fermanagh ; and naif a small proportion for his brother Tirlagh. S. McSwine Banagn, O'Boyle, McSwine Fa3met, and McSwine O'Doe, each to have a great proportion, or after that rate, in the precinct of Faynet [Fanaid], or Doe [in Donegal]. 9. Brian Crossach [O'Neill, son of Sir Cormackj to have a small proportion where the Lord Deputy shall appoint. la The Lord Deputy and commissioners shall likewise set down what proportions of lands the natives of the county of Colerame shall have from the Londoners, and the rents they shall pay for the same, according to the sixth article of agreement with the Londoners. And herein the Deputy is to take order, if he so think fit, that the Irish houses of them that be removed be preserved for the use of the British undertakers. II. The Lord Deputy is especially to respect the children of Captain Dennis O'MuUen and Shane O'MuUen, his brother. They are to be provided for as one person, and one of the four admitted by the Londoners in the county of Coleraine. Manus O'Cahan, Manus McCoey [Cumaighe] Ballagh O'Cahan, and Coey Ballagh McRichard [Rory] O'Cahan, to be the other three ; and if any more be fit to be respected in that county the Lord Deputy shall provide for them in some of the precincts appointed for natives, in another county. 12. The Lord Deputy is to take order for removing of the natives presently with as little trouble as may be for making an easy way for the plantation. And it he see cause he may transplant them from one county to another, which, being a matter of greatest moment, will require the greatest and most serious consideratioiL " The foregoing assignments of lands were made in London, and, in most cases were afterwards changed.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 110

    As the companion tells it

    Coleraine was the county where the Londoners were to admit four natives, in the years after the plantation began. The Lord Deputy and the commissioners were to set down what proportions of land those natives would have from the Londoners, and what rents they would pay, according to the sixth article of agreement with the Londoners. The Lord Deputy was also to take order that the Irish houses of those who were removed be preserved for the use of the British undertakers. Four natives were to be admitted. The children of Captain Dennis O'Mullen and Shane O'Mullen, his brother, were to be provided for as one person, and counted as one of the four. Manus O'Cahan, Manus McCoey Ballagh O'Cahan, and Coey Ballagh McRichard O'Cahan were to be the other three. If any more were thought fit to be respected in that county, the Lord Deputy was to provide for them in some of the precincts appointed for natives, in another county. The Lord Deputy was to take order for removing of the natives presently, with as little trouble as might be, for making an easy way for the plantation. If he saw cause, he might transplant them from one county to another, which, as the record says, being a matter of greatest moment, will require the greatest and most serious consideration. The foregoing assignments of lands were made in London, and in most cases were afterwards changed.

55. Oirghialla claimed the see of Armagh for two centuries

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    According to St. Bernard's Life of St. Malachy, the Oirghialla would not allow any bishop among them except one of their own family, maintaining this through fifteen generations. They also claimed the see of Ard Macha (Armagh) and held possession of it for two hundred years, asserting it as their birthright.

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    tribes, to every third horn of goodly ale, on the right of the king of Teamhair. Entitled is his queen (wiUiout falsehood, without boasting) to the same distinction from the other queens." — See C?Donovan's translation^ p. 143. As a further illustration of the pride and power of the Oirghialla, it may be mentioned that "St. Bernard, in his Life of St. Malachy, says that the Oirghialla would not allow any bishop among them except one of their own family, and that they had this carried through fifteen generations ; and, he adds inmiediately after, tluit they had claimed the see of Ard Macha, and maintained possession of it for two hundred years, claiming it as their mdubitable birthright. " — Ibid.

    (10). English invasion, — ^There is much new and important information on the history of Ukter at that period to be derived from the admirable topographical work of John O'Dubhagain or O'Dugan, whose wntings take the

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 11

56. Old castle of Bellaghy with surviving old timber, 1814

    near Bellaghy · townland · Derry · 1814

    Sampson's 1814 memoir noted fine old timber around the old castle of Bellaghy, evoking former and better times. Mr. Spottiswood had also planted successfully at Bellaghy with thriving farm enclosures.

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    number of trees scattered about Mrs. Downing's house at Rose-Gift ; and, at the old castle of Bellaghy, some fine old timber revives the idea of former and belter times. Trees are also flourishing on the demesne of Ballyscullion. Mr. Spottiswood has planted with good success at Bellaghy. His farming inclosures are thriving and wellpreserved, and his example is valuable in that neighbourhood. Near to Portglenone, Mr. Ellis of InnisnisH, and Mr. Courteney of Glen-Owen, have respectable residences and plantations. There are some improvements of the same nature at Moyagney." (See Memoir of the Charts pp. 255, 256). The settlers had ruthlessly cut down all the fine old woods on the barony of Loughinsholin, and there afterwards came a great reaction in public opinion on this matter, so great that men were praised or blamed according to their cultivation or clearing away of trees. The Irish Society, of course, did not approve of the Vintners' sale of their lands. The Society continues, however, occasionally to talk at the purchasers of companies* lands, on the pages of their reports. Thus, of the Vintners, in 1838, the Society says: — **\Veare sorry to say the parties to whom this proportion belongs are very inattentive to their duties. The complaints of the inhabitants of the neglect of the parties by whom the land is possessed to their interests, are bitter, loud, and long. They appear quite regardless of the morals or comfort of the tenantry, nor does there appear to be any anxiety displayed to carry out the object of the Settlement. If the Vintners' Company were warranted, which we very much question, in transferring their lands to the management of others, it is quite clear they cannot divest the present proprietors of the responsibilities and claims with which they are charged, and which are so clearly defined by the charter. The lands were conveyed, not for the paltry purposes of gain, but for the promotion of the Protestant religion, and civilization of the inhabitants by education, &c. In this state of things it is clearly the duty of the Society, as governors of the Plantation, to call the Vintners' Company, or the parties holding under them, to account for the gross mismanagement and neglect of this proportion." See Report, 1838, p. 39.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 496

57. O'Neill's castle at Dungannon made a military post

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1608

    After Hugh O'Neill's flight, his old castle at Dungannon was converted into a military post and contained a ward or small garrison. The commissioners passed through woods and passes on their way from Armagh to hold assizes in County Tyrone beginning 13 August 1608.

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    but the other seven-eighths now rich wheat-bearing land, in good cultivation. The castle or fort of Charlemont is 5^ miles north-west from Armagh, and nearly five south-east from Duneannon. It stands on a height which overlooks the Blackwater, and effectually commanded the ancient and celebrated passage of that river. As the commissioners encamped three miles from Dungannon, they evidently preferred the vicinity of Charlemont where there was then a stroi^ garrison, although O'Neitl's old castle at Dungannon had been converted into a iidlitary post after his flight, and now contained a ward or smau garrison also.

    (12). Preseroedn — These old divisions are well known from a survey made of Tyrone, in 1591, at tiie urgent solicitation of Hugh O'Neill. (See p. 29). Now, when

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    Dungannon in Tyrone. After Hugh O'Neill fled, his old castle here was turned into a military post, and it held a ward, a small garrison. That was the state of things in 1608, when commissioners came through to hold assizes in the county, beginning the 13th of August that year. They had come from Armagh, travelling through woods and passes. But they encamped three miles from Dungannon, preferring to stay near Charlemont. Charlemont had a strong garrison, standing on a height that overlooked the Blackwater and commanded the old crossing of that river. O'Neill's castle at Dungannon had only a small garrison by comparison, and so the commissioners passed it by, and made their camp where the force was stronger.

58. Patrick Vans undertakes 1,000 acres at Boylachoutra, Donegal

    Boylagh · barony · Donegal · 1610–1613

    Patrick Vans of Lybreck was allotted 1,000 acres called Boylachoutra in the barony of Boylagh, County Donegal. He was required to build a stone or brick dwelling house with a strong bawn and settle at least 10 families of English or Scottish origin within three years.

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    V. So soon as that notable conference, in Feb., 1609-10, (conducted principally by Davys and Ridgeway with the commissioners for Irish causes and in the presence of the lords of the English council) had been brought to an end, other arrangements required immediate attention. Among the more pressing of these arrangements were the drawing up of new and more liberal conditions for the undertakers, the preparing of forms for assigning the precincts to the several classes for whom they were intended, the agreeing on the terms to be inserted in the bonds, with the order of proceeding in passing the letters patent Whilst the conditions were made more agreeable, because more advantageous to the undertakers, they were to be enforced by additional restrictions. Besides the seemingly stringent enough terms of their patents, the undertakers were now required to enter into bonds for the honest performance of the conditions — these bonds being drawn for ;^4oo, ;^3oo, or jC^oo, proportioned to the three sizes of the estates to be held by the respective grantees. In these bonds the undertakers were held to the erection of their houses and bawns within the space of three years instead of two, as originally required. They were allowed the same time, also, to settle the specified number of families on their several proportions ; and they were made free from the payment of any rents until the year 16 14, — ^reckoning in each case from Easter, 161 o. The foUowing copy of the terms in one of the bonds will enable the reader to see the nature of these documents at a glance : — "At Edinburgh, 31 July, 1610. Act of CaUtionry by Wm. Stewart of Dunduff, for Patrick Vans of I^ybreck — that the latter shall, within three years after Easter last, build a dwelling house of stone or brick, with a strong court or bawne about the same, upon the proportion of 1,000 acres of land allotted to him, called the^Boylachoutra, within the barony of Boylagh in the county of Donegal, and that he shall plant upon the said proportion of land 24 able men of the age of 18 or upwards, being bom in England, or the inward parts of Scotland — which shall be reduced to 10 families at least, to be settied in this manner, viz., the said Patrick and his family to be settied on a demesne of 300 acres ; two fee-forms to be made by him upon 60

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 172

59. Phillips' market and daily church at Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1609

    Sir Thomas Phillips described his improvements at Coleraine, where he had established a fair market and where divine service was held daily. He had also made bogs and woods passable for timber transport over a seven-mile lease.

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    Chichester and Phillips were an innocent pair of patriots, who, according to their own accounts, were unable to take care of themselves, or to assist one another ! They were ready to surrender their possessions at the command of the King, and for the sake of their country, but knew not what might be their reward for such self-sacrifice ! Phillips, when writing to Salisbury on the 1 2th of July, 1609, '^ reminds his lordship that in this his forwardness to further this worthy work he goes against his own profit in divers wa3rs. But his zeal for his Majesty's service, and his bounden duty to his lordship in particular, in whom rests his fortunes, is the cause. Represents the great losses he must sustain by this plantation, in which, at his great charge and infinite toil and danger, he has made the bogs and woods passable to transport timber, of which he has a lease for six years to come, of some seven miles. Suggests further the great charge he has been at to bring that plantation to that pass of himself, where he has a fair market [at Coleraine], and where there is a good congregation every day at church to hear divine service, to the discomfort of the ' ill-disposed people. After these great charges and losses he was now in hope to reap some profit His being here [in London] eleven weeks, and his losses at home, have hindered him very much ; so that through the many crosses it has pleased God to send him, his estate is not much better than when his lordship caused him to come out of France."

    in the letter from which the foregoing is an extract, was enclosed a " Brief of such things as Sir Thomas Phillips, knight, is to convey unto his Majesty, for the advancement of this intended plantation in Ireland." In this 'brief the patriotic knight enumerates the particulars of the property proposed to be surrendered to the Crown, of the expenditure already incurred by the proprietor, and of the pecuniary loss which he will suffer by the transfer, the total of which is

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 304

60. Priory of Coleraine lands and Bann fishing rights sold

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1605–1620

    James Hamilton sold to Thomas Phillips the lands belonging to the priory of Coleraine, along with the rights of fishing in the Bann formerly enjoyed by that religious house. These rights had come to be the property of the bishopric of Derry, leading to conflict with Phillips.

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    (42). Possession thereof, — This claim the bishop, after much trouble succeeded in establishing. The difficulty arose from the grant made to Hamilton as assignee of Thomas Ireland, a London merchant, in consideration of the sum of ;£'i678 6s, &/., payed by the latter to meet some royal difficulty. Ireland's, or James Hamilton's grant in his name, was obtained from the Crown in the year 1605, and included, with other *' old eel weares upon the Band," that of Ballinasse, near Bushmills. Soon aAerwards, Hamilton sold to lliomas Phillips the lands belonging to the priory of Coleraine with the rights of fishing in the Bann formerly enjoyed by that religious house, but which rights came to be the property of the bishoprick. Phillips resisted the bishop's claim for a timtf, but was compelled to surrender the right of fishing and the tithes of fish in the Bann, as belonging to the bishoprick of Derry.

    (43). River of Roe. — This small fishing is still in operation at the mouth of that river, or about the middle of the eastern side of Lough Foyle.

    Internet Archive anhistoricalacc04hillgoog, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    Coleraine sits along the road, a town whose old priory once held lands and fishing rights in the Bann. In 1605 the Crown granted James Hamilton, as assignee of Thomas Ireland, a London merchant, certain old eel weirs on the Bann, including one at Ballinasse near Bushmills. The grant was made in consideration of a sum paid by Ireland to meet some royal difficulty. Soon afterwards, Hamilton sold to Thomas Phillips the lands belonging to the priory of Coleraine, along with the rights of fishing in the Bann formerly enjoyed by that religious house. But those fishing rights had come to be the property of the bishopric of Derry, and this led to conflict. Phillips resisted the bishop's claim for a time, but was compelled to surrender the right of fishing and the tithes of fish in the Bann, as belonging to the bishopric of Derry. The bishop succeeded in establishing his claim, though it came only after much trouble.