The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Conspiracy to blow up Cork north gaol

   Cork · city · Cork · 1787

   A desperate conspiracy was discovered to blow up the criminal side of the north gaol in Cork with gunpowder. Prisoners had bored holes in the walls and loosened a window, and nine pounds of gunpowder was to have been conveyed to them.

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   Nov. — A desperate conspiracy to blow up with gunpowder the criminal side of the north gaol was discovered ; holes had been bored in the walls by the prisoners, and the window was loosened. Nine pounds of gunpowder was to have been conveyed to them.

   Dec. 2. — HisB-oyal Highness prince William Henry arrived in Cork harbour on board his majesty's ship the Pegasus, and the following evening landed from a barge at the Grand Parade, on which he walked, accompanied by general Patterson, colonel

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 128

   As the companion tells it

   In 1787, the road takes you through Cork. That November, a desperate conspiracy was discovered to blow up the criminal side of the north gaol with gunpowder. Prisoners had bored holes in the walls and loosened a window. Nine pounds of gunpowder was to have been conveyed to them before the plot was found out.

2. Cork alarmed by French fleet sighted off Bantry

   Cork · city · Cork · 1796

   On December 23, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by reports of a large fleet off Bantry. Militia, fencibles, volunteers, and yeomanry mobilised across Munster to resist the threatened invasion.

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   Dec. 14. — A French fleet, consisting of 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels, sailed, from Brest with 25,000 troops. The signal having been given for sailing out through the Passage de Raz, La Fraternite frigate, with the admiral and general Hoche on board, and a few other ships succeeded ; but it was by the Passage de Flotes that the greater part of the fleet bore out to sea, and the first division - being unable to join them, in consequence of a gale of wind coming on, the admiral's vessel was separated from the rest of the fleet. Several of the ships were wrecked ; the remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but having mistaken the Durseys for the Mizenhead,didnotreachBantry-bayuntilthe 24th. On the morning of the 23d, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts which arrived of a large fleet having been seen off Bantry. The militia and fencible regiments were immediately despatched to this town, whilst the loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms, and a detachment of cavalry from both escorted the artillery to Bandon, and other parties of them went off to the different towns of

   210 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 133

   As the companion tells it

   The road takes you through or near Cork, a city that in December 1796 was seized by alarm. On the morning of the 23rd, the people here were thrown into consternation by accounts that a large fleet had been seen off Bantry. That fleet had sailed from Brest on December 14, 18 ships of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some smaller vessels, carrying 25,000 troops. The admiral and General Hoche were aboard the frigate La Fraternite. A gale separated the admiral's vessel from the rest. Several ships were wrecked. The remainder reached the Irish coast in three days, but mistook the Durseys for the Mizenhead, and did not reach Bantry Bay until the 24th. The threat was real enough that Cork mobilised. The militia and fencible regiments were immediately despatched to the town. The loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms. A detachment of cavalry from both escorted the artillery to Bandon, and other parties went off to the different towns of Munster.

3. Cork citizens armed against royal troops

   Cork · city · Cork · 1603

   During the succession crisis following the queen's death, Cork's civic leaders armed the citizens to prevent soldiers from entering the town and repeatedly delayed proclaiming the new king, consulting instead about seizing Haulbowline fort.

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   A.D. to the mayor, who answered, that "by the charter he might take time to consider of it," and, upon being informed of the kingis having been proclaimed in DubUn, insok^ntly answered, that Perkin Warbeek was also proclaimed in that city, and yet much ' damage therefrom had followed to the country; upon which Saxey the chief justice of Munster said they ought to be committed if they refused. To this Mead the recorder replied, that no person there had authority to commit them: whereupon, after a delay of two hours, during which time they deliberated in the court-house, while Thornton waited for them in an adjoining walk, Mead the recorder informed him in a veiy passionate way, that they could not answer him 'till the next day. Mr. Boyle, afterwards earl of Cork, being present, desired Mead not to break out in so unreasonable and choleric a manner ; to which he replied, that although he would not break out; there were several thousands ready to do so. They then despatched a messenger to the mayor of Waterford, to enquire if the queen was really dead ; but though informed by him that she was, they still further delayed the ceremony, and consulted about surprising the fort of Haulbowline, alleging that there were two pieces of ordnance there, which belonged to the city, and refusing to permit ammunition and provisions to be sent there, till these were delivered up. They armed the citizens to prevent soldiers from entering tlie town, and, upon being a second time solicited to permit the King's ordnance to go down, they gave this answer in court : "we have as you see called our brethren here together about this business, and we have come to this resolution, that the fort of Haulbowline is a very pestilent impoverishment to our corporation, and therefore we think it noi meet to suffer any relief to go thither, nor will we." Upon this delay, Sir George Thornton, with lord lloche, and abovit 800 soldiers proclaimed his majesty in the north suburbs, near Shandon castle ; but the mayor and sheriffs put off the solemnity to the IGth of April, and wrote to the lord deputy, that they had received the king's proclamation on the 1 1th, but had deferred the publication of it, that it might be done with more solemnity, humbly praying that the fort of Haulbowline might be put into their hands, and complaining

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 71

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1603, during the crisis after the queen's death, became a city that would not readily accept a new king. The mayor, asked to proclaim the king, answered that by the charter he might take time to consider. Told the king had been proclaimed in Dublin, he replied that Perkin Warbeck was also proclaimed in that city, and damage followed. Saxey, chief justice of Munster, said they ought to be committed if they refused. Mead the recorder answered that no person there had authority to commit them. After two hours, during which they deliberated in the court-house while Thornton waited in an adjoining walk, Mead informed him passionately they could not answer until the next day. Mr. Boyle, afterwards earl of Cork, desired Mead not to break out so unreasonably. Mead replied that though he would not break out, several thousands were ready to do so. They sent a messenger to the mayor of Waterford to enquire if the queen was really dead. Though informed she was, they still delayed, and consulted about surprising the fort of Haulbowline, alleging two pieces of ordnance there belonged to the city. They refused to permit ammunition and provisions to be sent there until these were delivered up. They armed the citizens to prevent soldiers from entering the town. Asked a second time to permit the King's ordnance to go down, they answered in court: "the fort of Haulbowline is a very pestilent impoverishment to our corporation, and therefore we think it not meet to suffer any relief to go thither, nor will we." Sir George Thornton, with lord Roche and about 800 soldiers, proclaimed his majesty in the north suburbs near Shandon castle. The mayor and sheriffs put off the solemnity to the 16th of April, writing to the lord deputy they had received the king's proclamation on the 11th but deferred publication for more solemnity, praying Haulbowline fort be put into their hands.

4. Dutch ship retaken in Bantry Bay

   Bantry · town · Cork · 1690

   A Dutch ship that had been made a prize in Bantry Bay was retaken from the Irish by Colonel Becher. Thirty-six of the enemy were drowned and as many more made prisoners.

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   A Dutch ship which had been made a prize in Bantry bay, was retaken from the Irish by colonel Eecher. Thirty-six of the enemy were drowned and as many more made prisoners.

   Jan. 24. — 1500 of the Irish, who were encouraged by the 1G91 arrival of Tyrconnel and others from France, with fresh supplies of arms, ammunition, &c. attacked Fermoy; but the Danes who defended it beat them back. Soon after 14 troops of horse and dragoons joined them, with which they moved towards Ballymagooly, under the command of brigadier Carroll, whereupon general Tettau with 700 horse and 300 foot marched against them and put them to flight.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 92

   As the companion tells it

   Bantry, on the Cork coast, was the scene of a small naval action in 1690. A Dutch ship had been taken as a prize in Bantry Bay by the Irish. It was retaken from them by Colonel Becher. Thirty-six of the enemy were drowned, and as many more were made prisoners.

5. Eleven parish churches in and about Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1462

   A charter granted by Edward IV records that there were eleven parish churches in and around Cork at this time. This provides evidence of the ecclesiastical establishment in the Cork area in the mid-fifteenth century.

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   There were eleven parish churches in and about Cork at this time, as appears by a charter granted by Edward IV., viz. : —

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 55

   As the companion tells it

   Cork had eleven parish churches in and about it, recorded in a charter granted by Edward 4 in 1462. That number gives a sense of how much ecclesiastical life stood in and around the city at that time.

6. Gas lighting introduced in Tuckey Street, Cork

   Tuckey Street · street · Cork · 1816

   Mr. James O'Brien illuminated his shop in Tuckey Street with gas, exciting general admiration for the brilliance and novelty of the arrangement, both inside and outside the premises.

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   26. — Mr. James O'Brien lit his shop in Tuckey-street with gas. The brilliancy of the lamps outside the house, the neatness and novelty of the arrangement, and the extent to which the light was conveyed through his manufactory and workshop, excited general admiration.

   May 1. — ^The Limerick mail coach travelled, for the first time, the entire of the new line of road from Mallow to Cork, decorated with green boughs ; the country people, who lined the hills at each side of the road in great numbers, cheered it as it passed.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 152

   As the companion tells it

   A gas-lit shop on Tuckey Street in Cork. In 1816, Mr. James O'Brien lit his shop with gas. The brilliancy of the lamps outside the house, the neatness and novelty of the arrangement, and the extent to which the light was conveyed through his manufactory and workshop, all excited general admiration.

7. Great flood inundates Cork city streets

   Hanover Street · street · Cork · 1820

   On 22–24 January 1820, sudden thaw and rain swelled the River Lee, flooding Hammond's marsh, Clarke's marsh, Hanover Street, Nile Street, Cross Street and surrounding lanes with four to five feet of water. Boats plied the streets assisting the poor whose houses were submerged.

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   22. — A change took place in the weather this day ; it commenced raining, and continued with little intermission until the 24th. The consequence of this sudden transition was extremely calamitous. The quick dissolution of the masses of ice and accumulations of snow on the mountains, at the sources of the Lee and its tributary streams, caused the river to be much swollen, and the water still continuing to increase until seven o'clock, at that hour a great part of the city was inundated ; Hammond's marsh, Clarke's marsh, Hanover street, Nile street, Cross street, and all the lanes, by which they were intersected , presented an uninterrupted sheet of water, on which were rapidly hurried along fragments of furniture, tables, chairs, &c. The houses had at least four or five feet of water on the ground floor. The state of the poor who resided in the wretched houses, which were principally under water, was most melancholy ; boats continued to ply in several of the streets, until dusk, affording assistance to the poor, at which time the waters fell considerably. The shipping in Ihe river in some instances suffered ; about one o'clock a Welsh vessel lying at Pope's qviay was forced away by the current. The captain and five men who expected nothing less than total destruction, by her being carried against Patrick's bridge, dropped a boat from her stern, and got into it ; but they had scarcely lowered her, when she filled and went down : the captain and two boys were drowned, the others were with difhculty saved. The vessel in the meantime was hurried against the portcullis of the bridge, when she sustained some injury, but the two women and the mate, who remained on board, were saved.

   Y

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 161

   As the companion tells it

   Hanover Street in Cork was among the streets inundated in January 1820. On the 22nd of that month the weather changed. Rain began and continued with little intermission until the 24th. The quick melting of the masses of ice and snow on the mountains at the sources of the Lee and its tributary streams caused the river to swell. The water kept rising until seven o'clock, when a great part of the city was under water. Hammond's marsh, Clarke's marsh, Hanover Street, Nile Street, Cross Street, and all the lanes between them presented an unbroken sheet of water, carrying along fragments of furniture, tables, and chairs. The houses had at least 4 or 5 feet of water on the ground floor. The poor who lived in those wretched houses, which were principally under water, were in a most melancholy state. Boats plied in several of the streets until dusk, giving assistance to the poor, at which time the waters fell considerably. The shipping in the river also suffered. About one o'clock a Welsh vessel lying at Pope's Quay was forced away by the current. The captain and five men, expecting nothing less than total destruction as she was carried toward Patrick's Bridge, dropped a boat from her stern and got into it. But they had scarcely lowered her when she filled and went down. The captain and two boys were drowned. The others were saved with difficulty. The vessel was hurried against the portcullis of the bridge and sustained some injury, but the two women and the mate who remained on board were saved.

8. Lord Broghill's secret message to the king from Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1657

   Lord Broghill sent his brother Lord Shannon to Brussels with a secret message quilted in his doublet collar, assuring the king that 5,000 tried protestant subjects were at or near Cork ready to attend his majesty.

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   Lord Broghill, having resolved to declare for the king's resto- 1(357 ration, sent his brother lord Shannon, to Brussells, with eight linos on a small scrip of paper, nicely quilted in the collar of his doublet, to assure the king that he had 5000 of his protestant subjects, all tried men, at or near Cork, ready to attend his majesty; having heard, however, at this time, that General Monk designed his i-estoration, he was prevented from going to Ireland, which was, notwithstanding, the first of the three kingdoms that declared for his majesty.

   May 18 — His majesty, king Charles II, was proclaimed at iqjjq Cork; on the same day. Colonel Phaire was sent prisoner to Dublin, and colonel Courthorp was appointed in his place.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 85

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1657, was where Lord Broghill resolved to declare for the king's restoration. He sent his brother Lord Shannon to Brussels with a secret message: eight lines on a small scrap of paper, quilted into the collar of his doublet. The message assured the king that 5,000 of his protestant subjects, all tried men, were at or near this city, ready to attend his majesty. Broghill had heard that General Monk was already planning the restoration, so he was prevented from going to Ireland. Ireland was still the first of the three kingdoms to declare for the king. On May 18, King Charles II was proclaimed here. Colonel Phaire was sent prisoner to Dublin that same day, and Colonel Courthorp was appointed in his place.

9. Seizure of king's stores at Skiddy's Castle, Cork

   Cork · city · Cork

   During disturbances in Cork city, rebels seized the king's stores held at Skiddy's castle. Sir Robert Mead ordered the guard there to throw the store-keeper's wife over the walls, and the recorder swore at the castle door that he would quit the town if the stores were not placed under the mayor's charge.

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   A.D. cross, which he was then carrying about in procession. Sir Robert Mead or Meagh and John Fitz-David Roche were two priests who fomented this rebellion. Mead ordered Mr. Apsley the king's store-keeper to be killed and his arms taken away. He also ordered the guard, which he placed on Skiddy's castle, where the stores lay, to throw Mrs. Hughes, wife to the clerk of the stores, over the walls and break her neck. He was the principal stirrer up of the townsmen to take arms, and not only assisted in every sally to take and destroy the forts, but also drove such as were dilatory with a cudgel to the work. John Nicholas, a brewer, was also a cannonier to the rebels, and it was proved against him that he shot two soldiers from the walls ; he was assisted by John Clarke, a tanner from IVIallow, who very dexterously mounted the cannon upon the walls, when none else knew how to do it. He and Nicholas were both Englishmen. It was proved against Edmond Terry another rebel, that he advised the mayor to take the key of Skiddy's castle from Mr. Hughes the store-keeper, and place the ammunition in Dominick Galway's cellars, and that Hughes should not be suffered to come there without a sufficient guard, all which the Mayor complied with. Edward Roche, brother to Dominick Roche the priest, said that the city would fight against the king himself if he came to look for it, and that not only the country, but also the kings of France and Spain would assist them if he did not give their church free liberty. The mayor and recorder imprisoned Mr. Allen Apsley, commissary of the king's victuals, and Mr. Michael Hughes, clerk of the munitions. The recorder in person, with a guard, carried Mr. Apsley from his own house to the common gaol, and then distributed the king's stores as he thought proper. They demolished the fort on the south s-ide of the city, in which action they killed and wounded several soldiers. The day before they demolished this fort, the recorder striking himself on the breast, solemnly swore at the door of Skiddy's castle, that if the mayor would not take charge of the king's stores, he would presently quit the town for ever, upon which he tm'ned about to the crowd, who huzza'd and applauded him for his speech. Then Thomas Fagan and Murrough clapped on their head-pieces, and

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 72

   As the companion tells it

   Cork city was the scene of a violent seizure of the king's stores during a rebellion stirred up by two priests, Sir Robert Mead and John Fitz-David Roche. Mead ordered Mr. Apsley, the king's store-keeper, to be killed and his arms taken away. He placed a guard on Skiddy's castle, where the stores lay, and ordered them to throw Mrs. Hughes, wife of the clerk of the stores, over the walls and break her neck. He was the principal stirrer of the townsmen to take arms, assisting in every sally to take and destroy the forts, and driving the dilatory to the work with a cudgel. John Nicholas, a brewer, served as cannonier to the rebels and shot two soldiers from the walls. John Clarke, a tanner from Mallow, mounted the cannon upon the walls when none else knew how. Edmond Terry advised the mayor to take the key of Skiddy's castle from Mr. Hughes the store-keeper and place the ammunition in Dominick Galway's cellars, with Hughes not suffered to come without a sufficient guard. The mayor complied. The mayor and recorder imprisoned Mr. Allen Apsley, commissary of the king's victuals, and Mr. Michael Hughes, clerk of the munitions. The recorder carried Apsley from his own house to the common gaol, then distributed the king's stores as he thought proper. The day before they demolished the fort on the south side of the city, killing and wounding several soldiers, the recorder struck himself on the breast and solemnly swore at the door of Skiddy's castle that if the mayor would not take charge of the king's stores, he would presently quit the town forever. The crowd huzza'd and applauded him. Then Thomas Fagan and Murrough clapped on their head-pieces.

10. Severe frost of 1810 devastates Cork's poor

    Cork · city · Cork · 1810

    An exceptionally severe frost froze the county's largest rivers, including the Lee which was crossed by foot passengers, and lasted five weeks. The poor were reduced to the greatest misery, many compelled to pawn their bedclothes to feed starving families.

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    This season was remarkable for the severity of the weather, it being generally supposed that the frost equalled that of the year 1739 ; many of the largest rivers in the county, having continued frozen for some days, it became necessary to have recourse to sledges to break the ice, to enable the farmers to procure water for their cattle ; the Lee was crossed in various places by foot passengers. On the evening of the 17th, a thaw commmenced, which was succeeded by severe showers of sleet ; on the following day there was an extremely heavy fall of snow, with a cold bleak wind from the north east ; towards night it blew tremendously, accompanied by violent showers of sleet and rain, which in the city at least had the effect of removing the snow, but the rain having ceased in the course of the night, the frost again set in, and with such severity, as to render travelling both difficult and dangerous ; this weather continued for five weeks, in consequence of which the poor were reduced to the greatest poverty and misery, many having been compelled to pawn the wretched coverings of their beds, to obtain the means of subsistence for their starving families.

    A large covered coal store, belonging to the Messrs. Wise, which contained upwards of a thousand tons of Scotch coals, 1 was observed this morning to exhibit alarming symptoms

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1810, suffered a frost people said rivalled the great one of 1739. The largest rivers in the county froze over. Farmers had to use sledges to break the ice so their cattle could drink. The Lee itself was crossed on foot in various places by passengers walking across the frozen river. On the evening of the 17th a thaw set in, followed by heavy sleet. The next day brought a great fall of snow and a cold bleak wind from the north east. By night the wind blew tremendously, with violent showers of sleet and rain. In the city at least this cleared the snow, but when the rain stopped overnight the frost returned with such force that travelling became difficult and dangerous. This lasted five weeks. The poor were reduced to the greatest poverty and misery. Many were compelled to pawn the wretched coverings of their beds, just to obtain food for their starving families. That same period, a large covered coal store belonging to Messrs. Wise, containing upwards of a thousand tons of Scotch coals, was observed one morning to exhibit alarming symptoms.

11. Sidney and Lord Louth visit Cork, 1575

    Cork · city · Cork · 1575

    Lord Louth accompanied Sidney to Cork in 1575, where his example was used to persuade the inhabitants to abandon their barbarous manner of life. Sidney observed that they generally seemed to loathe their vile and barbarous customs.

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    description of the state of this part of the kingdom in tlie year 1567. The villages were burned; the churches ruined; the bones of those who had died by murder or famine lay in the fields. Even the principal inhabitants seemed reduced to great misery. They had, however, little idea of cultivated life : the example of lord Louth, who accompanied Sidney to Cork in 1575, did much to persuade them "to leave their barbarity, and to be ashamed of their wilful misery." "They seemed" says Sidney, "in all appearance, generally to loathe their vile and barbarous manner of life." Indeed most of those of English race, would at all times have been glad to embrace English laws and manners, if in so doing they could obtain the protection of govemment.O Deprived of this, they were fain to seek such protection as Irish law might afford, by conforming to the habits of their too powerful neighbours.

    The principal towns of Ireland were founded by the Danes or Ostmen ; we may suspect that others had a similar origin from their hostility towards the inhabitants of the country, which seems to have been transmitted to them from the earliest times. We are told that the city of Cork was a marshy island, which the Danes took possession of, and surrounded with walls ; l)ut it is also asserted that it took its rise from a school or monastery established by saint Finbarr, at lough Eire, in the sixth century,* to which such numbers flocked from all parts, that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. The south-west suburb of Cork is at present only about one hundred yards distant from a small lake called "the lough"'; and in the same quarter of the city, on a rising ground, stands the cathedral church of saint Finbarr, at no great distance from the lough, and very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city. The vicinity of a number of marshy islands

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Cork is a city the road passes through. In 1567, this part of the kingdom was in ruin. The villages were burned. The churches were ruined. The bones of those who had died by murder or by famine lay in the fields. Even the principal inhabitants were reduced to great misery, and they had little idea of cultivated life. In 1575, Lord Louth accompanied Sidney to Cork, and the example Lord Louth set did much to persuade the people, in the words of the record, to leave their barbarity, and to be ashamed of their wilful misery. Sidney himself said they seemed, in all appearance, generally to loathe their vile and barbarous manner of life. Most of those of English race would at all times have been glad to embrace English laws and manners, if in doing so they could obtain the protection of government. Deprived of that protection, they were forced to seek such protection as Irish law might afford, by conforming to the habits of their too powerful neighbours. The city itself has older origins. The principal towns of Ireland were founded by the Danes or Ostmen. Cork was said to be a marshy island, which the Danes took possession of and surrounded with walls. But it is also asserted that it took its rise from a school or monastery established by Saint Finbarr at Lough Eire in the sixth century, to which such numbers flocked from all parts that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. The south-west suburb of Cork stands about 100 yards from a small lake called the lough, and on a rising ground nearby stands the cathedral church of Saint Finbarr, very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city.

12. Youghal College founded by Earl of Desmond

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1464–1590

    Thomas, Earl of Desmond, founded Youghal College, confirmed by his son James in 1472 and brother Maurice in 1496. The community consisted of a warden, eight fellows and eight singing men living collegiately with common table and stipends, the whole donation worth £600 a year.

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    Youghal college was founded by Thomas, earl of Desmond, and 14G4 confirmed by his son, James, in 1472, and by Maurice, his brother in 1496 ; the community, at first consisted of, a warden, eight fellows and eight singing men, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with yearly stipends, (the whole donation, at the time of the foundation, being worth £600 a year.) In 1464, King Edward IV. granted letters patent to Robert Miles and Philip Christopher, chaplains in the college church of the blessed Virgin Mary of Youghal, to purchase lands for the use of this church to the value of 20 marks yearly, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain, and in the same patent pardoned them, for what they had purchased before this license. The foundation charter, and the appropriation of the several tithes to this house, were confirmed by Jordan, bishop of Cloyne, under his seal, and that of William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, who was then the bishop's coadjutor. Pope Alexander by a bull, dated, in 1494, confirmed these grants, and gave the warden and fellows a license to purchase others and unite them to the college. In 1590 Pope Julius bestowed the vicarage of Kilmacdonough on this house, and confirmed the bulls of his predecessors in its favour. In the charter of foundation the patron is stiled earl of Desmond, lord of Decies, lord of Imokilly, lord of the regalities and liberties of the county of Kerry, and patron of this foundation.

    In a parliament held this year, it was enacted that it should be M'^'J

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    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, in Cork, is a town with a college in its history. Thomas, Earl of Desmond, founded Youghal College, and the foundation was confirmed by his son James in 1472 and by his brother Maurice in 1496. The community at first consisted of a warden, eight fellows, and eight singing men. They lived in a collegiate manner, with a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, and yearly stipends. The whole donation, at the time of the foundation, was worth 600 pounds a year. In 1464, King Edward the Fourth granted letters patent to Robert Miles and Philip Christopher, chaplains in the college church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Youghal, to purchase lands for the use of that church to the value of 20 marks yearly, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain. In the same patent, the king pardoned them for what they had purchased before this license. The foundation charter and the appropriation of the several tithes to this house were confirmed by Jordan, Bishop of Cloyne, under his seal, and by William Roche, Archdeacon of Cloyne, the bishop's coadjutor. Pope Alexander, by a bull dated 1494, confirmed these grants and gave the warden and fellows license to purchase others and unite them to the college. In 1590, Pope Julius bestowed the vicarage of Kilmacdonough on this house and confirmed the bulls of his predecessors in its favour. The charter of foundation styles the patron as Earl of Desmond, lord of Decies, lord of Imokilly, lord of the liberties of the county of Kerry, and patron of this foundation.

13. Fethard besieged and trade halted, 1567

    Fethard · town · Tipperary · 1567

    Fethard was among the walled Tipperary towns Sidney found in great distress in 1567, with inhabitants ready to starve or abandon the place. All trade and commerce had ceased because of the danger of plunder and killing.

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    Sir Henry Sidney made a jouniey through the kingdom in 1567; and from his letters to the English government, we learn many particulars regarding the condition of the towns at that time. The county of Tipperary was then in a state of devastation, and its corporate and well walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in great distress : their inhabitants were as men besieged, and ready either to famish within the walls, or abandon the places ; all trade and commerce was at a stand ; the country people dared not bring any thing to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, to buy any thing in the country, from the danger which both incurred of being plundered and killed. Of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, he tells us that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty, by speedy redress and ministering of justice did not prevent it. Limerick was so impaired in wealth since he saw it in queen Mary's reign, chiefly by reason of the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, as to fill him with astonishment. Galway he fovmd rather to resemble " a town of war, frontering upon an enemy, than a civil town in a country under one sovereign": "they watch," says he, "their walls mightily, and guard their gates daily, with armed men." They attributed their miseries to the disorders of the earl of Clanrickard's two sons, young boys, (whom he had by two wives both living,) each striving to be acknowledged as heir of his father, who at the same time was likely long to live.

    However, the towns seem not to have been prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilization and internal order. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, desires the reader not to impute any barbarous custom he should mention, to the citizens, townsmen, and inhabitants of the English pale ; and Sidney calls them nurseries of civilitv.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    In 1567, Sir Henry Sidney travelled through the kingdom and wrote to the English government about what he found. The county of Tipperary was in a state of devastation. Its walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard, were in great distress. Their inhabitants were, in Sidney's words, as men besieged, ready either to famish within the walls or abandon the places altogether. All trade and commerce had come to a stand. The country people dared not bring anything to the towns, and the townsmen dared not issue from their walls to buy anything in the country, because of the danger both faced of being plundered and killed. Sidney saw the same pattern of ruin across the southern towns he visited. Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale were, he said, greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin if her majesty did not provide speedy redress. Limerick had lost so much wealth since he last saw it in Queen Mary's reign that he was filled with astonishment. Galway, he found, resembled a town of war fronting upon an enemy rather than a civil town under one sovereign. They watched their walls mightily and guarded their gates daily with armed men. Yet despite all this, Sidney called these towns nurseries of civility, and the people of the English pale were said to stand apart from any barbarous custom.

14. Garrison placed at Belvelly Castle

    Belvelly · townland · Cork · 1667

    In anticipation of a sea alarm, Lord Orrery ordered a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly, as part of broader defensive measures across Munster.

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    Jime — The earl of Orrery assembled the bishop, mayor, aldermen, and citizens of Cork, with the officers of the army and militia, and gave them an account of the burning of the fleet at Chatham by the Dutch. He issued out requisite orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty, and had a cheerful assurance from all present that they would follow the same as long as they lived, and that the militia, then consisting of 600 foot and 60 horse, were ready to do duty when commanded. In case of any sea alarm, he ordered some forces to march into the Great Island, and a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly: and on tliis occasion also garrisons were placed in Castlemore, Mallow and Doneraile.

    Aug. — A fire broke out in Scilly near Kinsale, which consumed a great part of the place.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 86

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Belvelly stands a castle that was pressed into service in 1667. The Earl of Orrery had gathered the bishop, mayor, aldermen and citizens of Cork, along with the officers of the army and militia, and told them the Dutch had burned the fleet at Chatham. He issued orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty, and everyone present gave him their word they would follow those orders as long as they lived. The militia then consisted of 600 foot and 60 horse, ready for duty. In case of any sea alarm, Orrery ordered forces to march into the Great Island, and a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly. Garrisons were also placed in Castlemore, Mallow and Doneraile. Later that August a fire broke out in Scilly near Kinsale and consumed a great part of the place.

15. Lord Barry of Barry's Court summoned to Parliament

    near Barryscourt · street · Cork · 1490

    Lord Barry, of Barry's Court, was summoned to Parliament as lord baron Barry. The family had long held the title of viscount Buttevant and would be created earls of Barrymore in 1627.

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    Lord Barry, of Barry's court was summoned to Parliament as lord baron Barry. This family had long enjoyed the title of viscount Ruttevant, and were created earls of Barrymore, in the year 1627.

    William de Rupe, alias Roche, bishop of Cork and Cloyne, having in this year resigned these sees ; Thacly Mac Carty was designed his sviccessor by the bishop of Rome. ]^gj This year was called the dismal year, from the continual fall of

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 57

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Barryscourt, the Lord Barry of this place was summoned to Parliament in 1490, as lord baron Barry. The family had long held the title of viscount Buttevant, and would be created earls of Barrymore in 1627.

16. American whale boat crew from Kinsale joins rescue effort

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    A whale boat with an American crew, dispatched from Kinsale, rowed through heavy seas to assist in rescuing a boy stranded on a rock near Oysterhaven. Upon learning the boy had been saved, they gave three cheers and returned to Kinsale, earning public gratitude for their daring effort.

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    A- D. could bo distinctly seen sitting down with the utmost composure on a point of rock, waiting for his own chance of being released. This happily was not long accomplishing, a rope was flung on the cliffs, and Jack, more adroit than his predecessor on the island, soon seized and tied it round his waist and shoulders. Notwithstanding the perils of the scene, it was almost whimsical to see this fine fellow collecting the boy's and his own clothes, which he deliberately tied up in a bundle and put under his arm, and then descending to the most favourable spot, watched his opportunity and threw himself into the sea, from which in the course of about five minutes he was released by his companions, who gave loud cheers, which were returned from those parts of the land where they could be heard ; it was then half-past two o'clock ; the whale boat with the American crew arrived almost at the moment Carty had got into his boat, but they were in sight some time before, and were seen rowing in the most undaunted manner in the heavy sea, and almost in the surge, choosing the most accessible point of the island. Upon learning the safety of the boy, they gave three cheers and returned to Kinsale, scarcely less entitled to public gratitude, than if they had been the instruments of his preservation ; other boats also arrived at the moment, ignorant of what had occurred, but all determined to make a simultaneous eflort. Lieut. Desprang, of

    the I'oyal navy, and lieut. Blackyer, of the regiment, had

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 159

    As the companion tells it

    Near the town of Kinsale in Cork, a rescue once stirred the whole coast. A boy had been stranded on a point of rock near Oysterhaven, and the sea was running heavy. He could be distinctly seen sitting down with the utmost composure, waiting for his own chance of being released. A rope was flung onto the cliffs, and a man called Jack, more adroit than his predecessor on the island, seized it and tied it round his waist and shoulders. He then collected the boy's clothes and his own, deliberately tied them up in a bundle, put them under his arm, descended to the most favourable spot, watched his opportunity, and threw himself into the sea. Within about five minutes his companions had pulled him from the water, and gave loud cheers, which were returned from the parts of land where they could be heard. It was then half past two. A whale boat with an American crew, dispatched from Kinsale, arrived almost at that moment. They had been in sight some time before, rowing in the most undaunted manner through the heavy sea, almost in the surge, choosing the most accessible point of the island. Upon learning the safety of the boy, they gave three cheers and returned to Kinsale, scarcely less entitled to public gratitude than if they had been the instruments of his preservation. Other boats also arrived at that moment, ignorant of what had occurred, but all determined to make a simultaneous effort. Lieutenant Desprang of the Royal Navy and Lieutenant Blackyer of the regiment had also joined the attempt.

17. Armed mob attempts rescue of Kelly at Dixon's Glen near Glanmire

    near Glanmire · town · Cork · 1787

    A sub-constable of Barrymore and a corporal of the 47th regiment conducting Kelly to the county gaol were attacked at Dixon's Glen near Upper Glanmire by a mob of sixty or seventy armed men. The rioters maintained a running fire for about three miles, and one of Kelly's sons fired at the party and wounded a man.

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    22. — As one of the sub- constables for the barony of Barrymore, and a corporal of the 47th regiment of foot, were conducting one Kelly to the county gaol, they were attacked at Dixon's glen, near upper Glanmire, by a riotous mob, consisting of sixty or seventy men, who endeavoured to rescue Kelly; they were all armed with muskets, blunderbusses and pistols, and were well supplied with ammunition, and kept up a constant running fire for about three miles with the corporal's party, who having alsokcptup a constant fire upon the rioters, expended all their ammunition except one round. They could not, however, do much execution, as the day was very wet, and as the rioters concealed themselves inside the hedges and ditches on each side of the road. One of Kelly's sons leaped into the road, fired at the party and wounded

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    Glanmire, in Cork, is the town the road takes you through or near. In 1787, a sub-constable of Barrymore and a corporal of the 47th regiment were conducting a man called Kelly to the county gaol. At Dixon's Glen, near Upper Glanmire, a mob of 60 or 70 armed men attacked them, trying to rescue Kelly. The rioters carried muskets, blunderbusses, and pistols, well supplied with ammunition. They kept up a running fire for about 3 miles. The corporal's party returned fire but spent all their ammunition except one round. They could not do much execution, as the day was very wet, and the rioters hid inside the hedges and ditches on each side of the road. One of Kelly's sons leaped into the road, fired at the party, and wounded a man.

18. Balloon from Mardyke lands at Cooper's Hill

    Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1784

    An air balloon ascended near the Mardyke and arrived at Cooper's Hill, eighteen miles away. A local inhabitant named John Mynehan, having never heard of balloons, initially thought it was the devil before securing it.

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    27. — The air balloon which ascended near the Mardyke at

    about 4 o'clock in the presence of an unusual concourse of spectators, arrived at Cooper's hill at six o'clock the same evening a distance of 18 miles. It was first discovered moving, in a swift horizontal direction near the earth, by one John Mynehan, an inhabitant of the above district, who, having never heard of these curious productions of art, for some time thought it was the devil, and] was partly confirmed in this idea by the appearance of a tube at the summit of the machine, which displayed to his terrified imagination a lively representation of the horrors attributed to his infernal majesty. Having grown bolder by degi'ees, he at length pursued it at full speed, when a calm immediately succeeding, the fancied demonrested between two rocks, and was presently secured. The men brought it home, and at night the neighbours assembled to see this wonder of the world, but some person having dropped a spark on the machine, it penetrated its slender covering, set fire to the inflammable air with which it was inflated, and produced an explosion equal to a clap of thunder. By this unfortunate event, a man and woman were severely scorched, several fainted, and such as could conveniently escape by flight, sheered off, fully convinced that Lucifer himself had got amongst them.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    Mardyke was where Cork came to watch something extraordinary in 1784. An air balloon ascended here at about 4 o'clock, before an unusual concourse of spectators. It travelled 18 miles and arrived at Cooper's Hill by six o'clock that same evening. The first person to see it moving, swift and low near the earth, was a local inhabitant named John Mynehan. He had never heard of balloons. For some time he thought it was the devil. A tube at the summit of the machine displayed to his terrified imagination what he took to be a lively representation of the horrors attributed to his infernal majesty. Having grown bolder by degrees, he pursued it at full speed. A calm immediately succeeding, the machine rested between two rocks and was presently secured. The men brought it home, and at night the neighbours assembled to see this wonder of the world. But someone dropped a spark on the machine. It penetrated the slender covering, set fire to the inflammable air within, and produced an explosion equal to a clap of thunder. A man and a woman were severely scorched. Several fainted. Those who could conveniently escape sheered off, fully convinced that Lucifer himself had got amongst them.

19. Burning of Cork suburbs under Governor Macilcuddy

    Cork · city · Cork · 1689–1690

    During King James's reign, the Protestant inhabitants of Cork suffered imprisonment, and the city's suburbs were set on fire and burnt to the ground by the Catholic governor Macilcuddy, despite his prior agreement to spare them upon payment of a considerable sum.

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    That in the late king James'* time, your petrs suffer'd very much for their adherence to the Protestant interest, were putt into prisons, and their suburbs, which make a considerable part of the citty, were set on fire, and burnt to the ground, by the then popish governr Makilicuddy, notwithstanding he had before-hand agreed and promised to save the said suburbs, upon the payment of a considerable sume of money to him.', by yoiu" petitioners.

    • The original is in the possession of Edw.ird Hoare, Esq. and therefore seems not to have been presented.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 176

    As the companion tells it

    Cork saw hard years under King James. Protestant residents here suffered for their allegiance to that interest and were put into prison. The suburbs, which made a considerable part of the city, were set on fire and burnt to the ground by the Catholic governor Macilcuddy. He had agreed and promised beforehand to save those suburbs upon the payment of a considerable sum of money. He took the agreement and burned them regardless. The petition recording this was never presented. It stayed in the possession of Edward Hoare.

20. Cork and Kinsale permitted to import grain from Wexford

    Cork · city · Cork · 1386

    Cork's inhabitants could not live commodiously without external assistance due to the sterility of the surrounding country. Licenses were granted to bring wheat, barley, and other grains by ship from Wexford to Cork or Kinsale.

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    The lord lieutenant granted a license to William Sygyn and others, to purchase six weighs * of wheat, barley, &c. in Wexford ; and bring it in ships, to Cork or Kinsale, notwithstanding any ordinances to the contrary, as the inhabitants of the former town, could not, in those days, live commodiously, without assistance from elsewhere, in consequence of the sterrility of the surrounding country : Robert Hore and Thomas Admot, were securities that they should not carry it elsewhere.

    Similarlicences were, at the same time, granted to other citizens to purchase from the counties of Dublin and Meath.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Cork in 1386 could not feed itself. The country around the city was sterile, and the inhabitants could not live commodiously without help from elsewhere. The lord lieutenant granted a license to William Sygyn and others to buy six weighs of wheat and barley in Wexford, and carry it by ship to Cork or Kinsale, notwithstanding any ordinances to the contrary. Robert Hore and Thomas Admot stood security that the grain would go nowhere else. Similar licenses were granted at the same time to other citizens, allowing them to buy from Dublin and Meath.

21. Cork besieged by Mac Carty and relieved by Raymond le Gros

    Cork · city · Cork · 1185

    After the murder at Lismore, the Irish forces under Mac Carty besieged Cork where Robert Fitzstephen was shut up. Raymond le Gros sailed from Wexford with reinforcements, and Fitzstephen sallied forth and routed the Irish at the first onset.

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    Milode Cogan and young Fitzstephen, having occasion to treat with the people of Waterford, went to Lismore, to which place they were invited by one Mac Tirid, who stealing suddenly and unawares upon them, treacherously murdered them, and five of their servants; upon which, the Irish took up arms, and joining all their forces under Mac Carty, who still retained the title of King, they beseiged Cork, not doubting to expel all the English, and Robert Fitzstephen, then shut up in that place. Upon this exigency Fitzstephen despatched a message to Raymond le Gros, then at Wexford, for his assistance, who directly set sail with 100 archers and 20 knights, and coasting the country, made towards Cork with all the haste he could, " that he might release and comfort his friends, and be a terror unto his enemies." With this reinforcement Fitzstephen made a sally, and routed the Irish at the first onset. Nevertheless when the king heard of the aforesaid treachery, he sent Richard Cogan, Philip Barry, Giraldus Cambrensis, and a good party of horse and foot, to help Fitzstephen ; and, by their assistance, the kingdom of Cork was kept quiet for some time : but old Fitzstephen had but little benefit from it; for being much broken with age and misfortunes, he first lost his senses, and not long afterwards his life.

    Friar Clin, in his annals, says. There happened a great eclipse of the sun this year, after which it continued for some time of a bloody colour.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1185, was besieged and relieved, and the story begins at Lismore. Milode Cogan and young Fitzstephen had gone there to treat with the people of Waterford. They were invited by one Mac Tirid, who stole suddenly upon them, treacherously murdered them, and five of their servants. On this, the Irish took up arms. They joined all their forces under Mac Carty, who still retained the title of King, and besieged the city, not doubting they would expel all the English. Robert Fitzstephen was shut up in that place. Fitzstephen dispatched a message to Raymond le Gros, then at Wexford, for his assistance. Raymond directly set sail with 100 archers and 20 knights, coasting the country, making towards Cork with all haste, "that he might release and comfort his friends, and be a terror unto his enemies." With this reinforcement Fitzstephen made a sally, and routed the Irish at the first onset. When the king heard of the treachery, he sent Richard Cogan, Philip Barry, Giraldus Cambrensis, and a good party of horse and foot to help Fitzstephen. By their assistance the kingdom of Cork was kept quiet for some time. But old Fitzstephen had little benefit from it. Broken with age and misfortunes, he first lost his senses, and not long afterwards his life. Friar Clin, in his annals, says there happened a great eclipse of the sun this year, after which it continued for some time of a bloody colour.

22. Cork citizens block Haulbowline fort provisions

    near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1603

    Cork corporation refused to permit ammunition and provisions to be sent to Haulbowline fort, claiming its ordnance belonged to the city and calling it a pestilent impoverishment. The civic leaders consulted about surprising the fort and refused relief until the ordnance was delivered up.

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    A.D. to the mayor, who answered, that "by the charter he might take time to consider of it," and, upon being informed of the kingis having been proclaimed in DubUn, insok^ntly answered, that Perkin Warbeek was also proclaimed in that city, and yet much ' damage therefrom had followed to the country; upon which Saxey the chief justice of Munster said they ought to be committed if they refused. To this Mead the recorder replied, that no person there had authority to commit them: whereupon, after a delay of two hours, during which time they deliberated in the court-house, while Thornton waited for them in an adjoining walk, Mead the recorder informed him in a veiy passionate way, that they could not answer him 'till the next day. Mr. Boyle, afterwards earl of Cork, being present, desired Mead not to break out in so unreasonable and choleric a manner ; to which he replied, that although he would not break out; there were several thousands ready to do so. They then despatched a messenger to the mayor of Waterford, to enquire if the queen was really dead ; but though informed by him that she was, they still further delayed the ceremony, and consulted about surprising the fort of Haulbowline, alleging that there were two pieces of ordnance there, which belonged to the city, and refusing to permit ammunition and provisions to be sent there, till these were delivered up. They armed the citizens to prevent soldiers from entering tlie town, and, upon being a second time solicited to permit the King's ordnance to go down, they gave this answer in court : "we have as you see called our brethren here together about this business, and we have come to this resolution, that the fort of Haulbowline is a very pestilent impoverishment to our corporation, and therefore we think it noi meet to suffer any relief to go thither, nor will we." Upon this delay, Sir George Thornton, with lord lloche, and abovit 800 soldiers proclaimed his majesty in the north suburbs, near Shandon castle ; but the mayor and sheriffs put off the solemnity to the IGth of April, and wrote to the lord deputy, that they had received the king's proclamation on the 1 1th, but had deferred the publication of it, that it might be done with more solemnity, humbly praying that the fort of Haulbowline might be put into their hands, and complaining

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 71

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes near Haulbowline Island, in Cork harbour. In 1603 the civic leaders of Cork refused to let ammunition and provisions reach the fort. They claimed two pieces of ordnance there belonged to the city, and would not allow relief to go thither until those guns were delivered up. The trouble began when the king's proclamation arrived. The mayor said by charter he could take time to consider it. When told the king had been proclaimed in Dublin, he answered insolently that Perkin Warbeck had also been proclaimed in that city, and much damage followed. Saxey, chief justice of Munster, said they ought to be committed if they refused. Mead the recorder replied that no person there had authority to commit them. After two hours deliberating in the court-house, Mead told Thornton passionately they could not answer until the next day. Boyle, afterwards earl of Cork, asked Mead not to break out so unreasonably. Mead replied that though he would not break out, several thousands were ready to do so. They sent to the mayor of Waterford to ask if the queen was really dead. He confirmed it, but they delayed further and consulted about surprising the fort. They armed the citizens to prevent soldiers entering the town. Asked again to let the King's ordnance pass, they answered in court that the fort of Haulbowline was "a very pestilent impoverishment to our corporation, and therefore we think it not meet to suffer any relief to go thither, nor will we." Sir George Thornton, with Lord Roche and about 800 soldiers, proclaimed the king near Shandon castle. The mayor and sheriffs deferred the ceremony to the 16th of April and wrote to the lord deputy, praying the fort be put into their hands.

23. Cork, Youghal and Kinsale petition for military commanders

    Cork · city · Cork

    The townspeople of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, impoverished and besieged by the wars of the lords and chieftains, petitioned the administration for competent military commanders. They promised to rise at their own expense against the lords but threatened to complain to the government in England if refused.

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    The lords of the county were gradually weakened by their mutual broils : at last those who were worsted availed themselves of the assistance of the Irish ; and these latter finding the opportvinity favourable, contrived eventually to expel many of the English and repossess themselves of their lands, but pursued a system of barbarous and bloody warfare, murder, and robbery : and the English who remained, following the same courses, and adopting the laws and customs of the Irish, the whole county was reduced to a state of anarchy. Peculiar hostility was directed against the the loyal and peaceable towns, whose inhabitants, shut up within their walls, their lands wasted, their trade destroyed, were reduced to poverty and almost ruined ; and so desperate was their condition, and so little help did they expect from the king's government, that as a last resource, the people of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, petitioned the administration, representing their miserable condition, requesting that they might be furnished with competent commanders, and promising that if this I'equest were granted, they would rise at their own expense against the lords and chieftans, and punish their enormities ; but if it should be refused (as they plainly expected,) they threatened to complain to the government in England. *

    But the English pale, a district of about twenty miles round Dublin, was as much as the government could hold in subjection. We are accustomed to imagine that the wars with France di\'erted the attention of England from this country ; but it is likely that under any circumstances, little at that time could have been done

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck

    As the companion tells it

    The road brings you through Cork, a city that once stood besieged on all sides. The lords of the county had spent their strength in mutual quarrels, until those who came off worst called in the Irish to help them. The Irish seized the chance, expelled many of the English, and took back their lands, pursuing a system of what the record calls barbarous and bloody warfare, murder, and robbery. The English who remained fell into the same courses and adopted the laws and customs of the Irish, and the whole county sank into anarchy. The loyal and peaceable towns bore the worst of it. Their inhabitants were shut up within their walls, their lands wasted, their trade destroyed, reduced to poverty and almost ruined. So desperate was their condition, and so little help did they expect from the king's government, that the people of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale petitioned the administration. They described their miserable condition and asked to be furnished with competent commanders. They promised that if this were granted, they would rise at their own expense against the lords and chieftains and punish their enormities. But if it should be refused, as they plainly expected, they threatened to complain to the government in England. Little came of it. The English pale, a district of about twenty miles round Dublin, was as much as the government could hold in subjection.

24. English garrison in Cork near starvation

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690

    Colonel Churchill reported in a state dispatch that the English garrison in Cork was desperate, with 500 men but fewer than 100 pairs of shoes among them. Shoes could not be obtained for money, and the soldiers were very near starving.

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    Colonel Churchill in a state dispatch, says of the English garrison then in Cork. "They are fit to conquer, for they must do that, or starve, which they were very nigh doing, and consequently desperate. They can draw out 500 men, and not 100 pair of shoes among them, which are not to be got there for money if they had it."

    Oct. 5. — Trenches were opened against Charles-fort; but on

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 91

    As the companion tells it

    In 1690, Cork held an English garrison Colonel Churchill described in a state dispatch. He said they were fit to conquer, for they must do that or starve, which they were very nigh doing. They could draw out 500 men, and had not 100 pairs of shoes among them. Shoes were not to be got there for money, even if they had it. Churchill called them desperate.

25. Faction fight at Parkmore leaves one killed

    Parkmore · townland · Cork

    Combatants from Fair lane and Blarney lane met at Parkmore in their weekly custom of fighting. After an engagement of some hours, one Kelly was stabbed by a tomahawk and instantly killed, with many wounded on both sides.

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    5. — The Fair lane and Blarney lane combatants met at Parkmore, according to weekly custom, and after an engagement of some hours, one Keily received a stab from a tomohawk by which he was instantly killed, and many on both sides were wounded.

    May 1. — Two men were killed in a riot between the same people, who renewed the fight after the interment of the deceased men on Sunday the 3d : on the following day they were going to hang a Blackpool man, when he was rescued by the army.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Parkmore, the Fair lane and Blarney lane combatants met, according to weekly custom. After an engagement of some hours, one Keily received a stab from a tomahawk by which he was instantly killed, and many on both sides were wounded.

26. French ships anchored from Bear Island to Sheep Head

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1797

    On January 2, thirteen French ships were anchored across the mouth of Bantry Bay from Bear Island to Sheep Head, including two line-of-battle ships. Six more ships lay south-west of Whiddy Island, and one a league from Bantry.

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    A. D. Munster, to order iii the military quartered there. All the citizens capable of carrying arms enrolled themselves amongst the yeomanry, and a determined resolution to resist the invaders seemed to pervade every class of the population. On the 24th the French fleet consisting of seven ships of the line, and two ships armte enjiute, besides frigates and transports, making in the whole seventeen sail, anchored in the bay. Lieutenant Prosheau a French officer, with eight men, was driven on shore in a boat, in an attempt to leave one of the vessels which had been dismasted in the late storm. Being taken prisoners by the peasantry, they were sent" to Cork, and from thence to Dublin, to be examined before the privy council. The French fleet remained in the bay until the 27th, when they quitted their station without having made any further attempt to land, and on the 28th the last division sailed out of the bay. On the 30th,* four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, two razures, and two corvettes, with some transports, sailed into the bay and landed about five hundred men on Whiddy island, but not for the purpose of invasion, as it afterwards appeared that they were convalescent troops, who were sent there for their health, and had paid forsuch provisions as they required. On the 2d January there were thirteen ships at anchor across the mouth of the bay, from Beer island to Sheep head, of which two were line of battle ships, six other ships lay south-west of the island of Whiddy, and one a league from Bantry. At about two o'clock in the day abrig, having worked up the bay from the principal fleet, made a signal to these ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them. They

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 133

    As the companion tells it

    Bantry Bay is the water you are passing near, and in 1797 it was full of French ships. The citizens of Munster had enrolled themselves among the yeomanry, every class resolved to resist invasion. On the 24th, the French fleet sailed in and anchored in the bay. It was seventeen sail in all: seven ships of the line, two ships armée en flûte, besides frigates and transports. A French officer, Lieutenant Prosheau, and eight men were driven ashore in a boat, trying to leave one of the vessels that had been dismasted in the late storm. The peasantry took them prisoner. They were sent to Cork, and from there to Dublin, to be examined before the privy council. The French fleet stayed in the bay until the 27th, when they quit their station without making any further attempt to land. On the 28th the last division sailed out. On the 30th, four ships of 64 guns, three frigates, two razures, and two corvettes, with some transports, sailed into the bay and landed about 500 men on Whiddy Island. They were not an invasion force. They were convalescent troops, sent there for their health, and they had paid for such provisions as they required. On the 2nd of January there were 13 ships at anchor across the mouth of the bay, from Bear Island to Sheep Head, and two of those were line-of-battle ships. Six more ships lay south-west of Whiddy Island, and one a league from Bantry. About two o'clock that day a brig, having worked up the bay from the principal fleet, made a signal to these ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them.

27. Great plague and murder of Mr. Davis in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1547

    In 1547 a great plague struck Cork. That same year, Mr. Davis, an English gentleman of rank, was cruelly murdered in the city.

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    This year there was a great plague in Cork. 1547

    Mr.Davis, an English gentleman of rank, was cruelly murdered in this city.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Cork suffered badly in 1547. A great plague struck the city that year. In the same city, Mr. Davis, an English gentleman of rank, was cruelly murdered.

28. Kinsale gaol fire kills 54 prisoners

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1748

    The gaol of Kinsale took fire in 1748 and 54 prisoners, chiefly Spanish, perished. This catastrophic event highlights the dangerous conditions in the town's prison holding foreign prisoners of war.

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    The gaol of Kinsale took fire, and 54 prisoners, chiefly Spanish, perished.

    The steeple of Christ Church sunk so much at one side, that it was taken down as low as the roof of the church.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 99

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, in Cork. In 1748 the gaol here took fire, and 54 prisoners, chiefly Spanish, perished. The steeple of Christ Church also sank so far at one side that it had to be taken down as low as the roof of the church.

29. Kinsale poverty earns exclusive trade privilege

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1409

    Due to the poverty of Kinsale, inhabitants obtained a privilege that no foreign merchant or other person should trade there without the license of the provost and commons. This was an economic protection measure for the struggling town.

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    Jan. 16 — In consequence of the poverty of Kinsale, the in- 1^^^ habitants, obtained a privelege, that no foreign merchant, or other person should trade therein, without the license of the provost and commons.

    Jan. 27. — The king forgave Sir John Barry all his debts, in consequence of his having, for some years, supported at his owia expense, the burdens of the wars in the county, by reason of his office, (being sheriff of Cork).

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, in Cork, was a struggling town. On January 16, 1409, the poverty of its inhabitants earned them a privilege: no foreign merchant or other person should trade there without the license of the provost and commons. It was protection for a place that could not afford open competition.

30. Lord Kinsale privilege of remaining covered before the king

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    The Courcy family, Lords of Kinsale, held a privilege granted by King John allowing them to remain covered in the royal presence. The footnote records Almericus de Courcy asserting this right before King William and Lord Kinsale doing so before King George III, who reminded him of the ladies present.

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    *TIie first Lord who asserted this privilege was Almericiis, who, being very handsome in his person, and of a tall stature, attended King William's court, and, being admitted into the presence chamber, walked to and frO with his hat on his head. The King, observing him, sent one of his attendants to enquire the reason of his appearing before him with his head covered, to whom he replied, he very well knew in whose presence he stood, and the reason why he wore his hat that day was because he stood before the king of England. This answer being told the King, and his lordship approaching nearer the throne was required by his Majesty to explain himself, which he did to this effect : " May it please your Majesty, my name is Courcy, and I am Lord of Kinsale in your kingdom of Ireland. The reason of my appearing covered in your Majesty's presence is to assert the ancient privilege of my family, granted to Sir John de Courcy, earl of Ulster and his heirs, by John King of England, for him and Lis successors for ever." The King replied, he remembered he had such a nobleman, and believed the privilege he asserted to be his right ; and, giving him his hand to kiss, his Lordship paid his obeisance, and remained covered.

    Another and more recent instance of the assertion of this privilege occurred not many years since : Lord Kinsale, being in the company of King George the Third, remained covered notwithstanding the presence of several ladies, upon which his Majesty, walking over to the place where he stood, tapped him on the shoulder, and said ; " I am aware, my Lord, of your right to remain covered in my prcscuce, but you should recollect that you are in the presence of ladies also."

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale is a town on the coast of Cork. Its lords, the Courcy family, held an old privilege: the right to remain covered, wearing their hats, in the presence of the reigning monarch of England. The first to assert this right was Almericus de Courcy. He was handsome and tall, and he attended the court of King William. Admitted to the presence chamber, he walked to and fro with his hat on his head. The King noticed and sent an attendant to ask why he appeared covered. Almericus replied that he knew well in whose presence he stood, and the reason he wore his hat that day was because he stood before the king of England. When this answer was reported, and he was required to explain himself, he said: "May it please your Majesty, my name is Courcy, and I am Lord of Kinsale in your kingdom of Ireland. The reason of my appearing covered in your Majesty's presence is to assert the ancient privilege of my family, granted to Sir John de Courcy, earl of Ulster and his heirs, by John King of England, for him and his successors for ever." King William replied that he remembered he had such a nobleman and believed the privilege to be his right. He gave Almericus his hand to kiss, and Almericus paid his obeisance and remained covered. A more recent instance came years later. Lord Kinsale was in the company of King George the Third and stayed covered despite several ladies being present. The King walked over, tapped him on the shoulder, and said: "I am aware, my Lord, of your right to remain covered in my presence, but you should recollect that you are in the presence of ladies also."

31. Miles Cogan and Fitzstephen murdered at Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1185

    Miles Cogan and young Fitzstephen went to Lismore to treat with the people of Waterford, invited by one Mac Tirid. Mac Tirid treacherously murdered them and five of their servants, prompting the Irish under Mac Carty to besiege Cork.

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    Milode Cogan and young Fitzstephen, having occasion to treat with the people of Waterford, went to Lismore, to which place they were invited by one Mac Tirid, who stealing suddenly and unawares upon them, treacherously murdered them, and five of their servants; upon which, the Irish took up arms, and joining all their forces under Mac Carty, who still retained the title of King, they beseiged Cork, not doubting to expel all the English, and Robert Fitzstephen, then shut up in that place. Upon this exigency Fitzstephen despatched a message to Raymond le Gros, then at Wexford, for his assistance, who directly set sail with 100 archers and 20 knights, and coasting the country, made towards Cork with all the haste he could, " that he might release and comfort his friends, and be a terror unto his enemies." With this reinforcement Fitzstephen made a sally, and routed the Irish at the first onset. Nevertheless when the king heard of the aforesaid treachery, he sent Richard Cogan, Philip Barry, Giraldus Cambrensis, and a good party of horse and foot, to help Fitzstephen ; and, by their assistance, the kingdom of Cork was kept quiet for some time : but old Fitzstephen had but little benefit from it; for being much broken with age and misfortunes, he first lost his senses, and not long afterwards his life.

    Friar Clin, in his annals, says. There happened a great eclipse of the sun this year, after which it continued for some time of a bloody colour.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Lismore, in 1185, was the scene of a treacherous murder. Milode Cogan and young Fitzstephen had gone there to treat with the people of Waterford. One Mac Tirid invited them, and then, stealing suddenly upon them, murdered them along with five of their servants. The Irish rose in response. They gathered their forces under Mac Carty, who still called himself king, and besieged Cork, hoping to drive out the English. Robert Fitzstephen was shut up inside that place. He sent word to Raymond le Gros, then at Wexford, asking for help. Raymond set sail with 100 archers and 20 knights, coasting the country toward Cork, as the record says, "that he might release and comfort his friends, and be a terror unto his enemies." With this reinforcement Fitzstephen sallied out and routed the Irish at the first onset. When the king heard of the treachery, he sent Richard Cogan, Philip Barry, Giraldus Cambrensis, and a party of horse and foot to help Fitzstephen, and by their aid the kingdom of Cork was kept quiet for a time. But old Fitzstephen had little benefit from it. Broken by age and misfortunes, he first lost his senses and not long after, his life. Friar Clin in his annals records that a great eclipse of the sun happened this year, after which it continued for some time of a bloody colour.

32. O'Driscoll plunders wine ship at Baltimore harbour

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1537

    In February 1537 a Portuguese wine ship driven by tempest into a bay near Baltimore harbour was plundered by Fineen O'Driscoll and his son, who lured the merchants ashore, imprisoned them in the castle, and divided 72 tuns of wine among their neighbours. Waterford merchants retaliated by recapturing the ship and firing great guns at the castle.

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    Feb. 20. — Four ships freighted with Portuguese wines, were 1537 driven by a tempest on the west coast of this county; these ships were consigned to the merchants of Waterford, one of which, called La Sancta Maria de Soci, laden with 100 tuns of wine, was driven into a bay near the entrance of Baltimore harbour. Fineen O'Driscoll and his son went on board the vessel, and agreed with the merchants to pilot the ship safe into the harbour for three pipes of wine ; but when they had tasted the liquor, forgetting their promise, they invited the merchants on shore to dine with them in the castle, where they put them into irons and took and plundered 72 tuns of the wine out of the ship, which they divided among their neighbours. The news of this action arrived, on the third of March, to the merchants of Waterford ; who fitted out a vessel, well manned and armed, under the command of Pierce Dobbyn, and the next day at noon arrived suddenly at the ship. Gilly DulT, who was a natural son of 0"Driscoirs, being on board with twenty four of his men, fled out at one side, while Dobbyn boarded her on the other, manned her, and set the prisoners at liberty, and after firing several great guns at the castle, brought off the ship to Waterford, there remaining in it twenty five tuns of wine. Towards the end of the month the mayor of Waterford fitted out thi-ee vessels with artillery and four

    48 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 60

    As the companion tells it

    Baltimore is a town on the coast of Cork. In February 1537, four ships carrying Portuguese wines were driven by a tempest onto the west coast of the county. These ships were consigned to the merchants of Waterford. One of them, called La Sancta Maria de Soci, laden with 100 tuns of wine, was driven into a bay near the entrance of Baltimore harbour. Fineen O'Driscoll and his son went on board the vessel and agreed with the merchants to pilot the ship safely into the harbour for three pipes of wine. But when they had tasted the liquor, forgetting their promise, they invited the merchants on shore to dine with them in the castle. There they put them into irons and plundered 72 tuns of wine from the ship, dividing it among their neighbours. The news reached the merchants of Waterford on the third of March. They fitted out a vessel, well manned and armed, under the command of Pierce Dobbyn. The next day at noon he arrived suddenly at the ship. Gilly Duff, a natural son of O'Driscoll, was on board with 24 of his men. He fled out one side while Dobbyn boarded the other, manned the ship, and set the prisoners at liberty. After firing several great guns at the castle, Dobbyn brought the ship back to Waterford, with 25 tuns of wine still remaining in it.

33. Perkin Warbeck enlists soldiers in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1497

    Perkin Warbeck returned to Cork where, on 26 July 1497, he enlisted 120 soldiers. With the assistance of the earl of Desmond, he procured ships to transport them to Cornwall.

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    who had escaped from the tower. He was received, and enter- A.D. tained by the citizens, and John AValters, an eminent merchant, ^'*"'^ who was mayor two years after ; Perkin, from this city, wrote letters to the earls of Kildare and Desmond, for their assistance, gratefully commending their former attachment to the house of York, notifying his own arrival into their country, and entreating their assistance, for the recovery of his rights ; the earl of Kildare replied to this invitation, in teniis that rather induced suspicion of his design, but Desmond at once chivalrously declared for the adventurer. Before Perkin's appearance however could produce any considerable effect, he was recalled to France, by the urgent application of king Charles, who deemed him a convenient instrument, for the purpose of forcing the English sovereign to a peace ; he was there royally entertained imtil such was concluded ; upon which he retreated into Flanders to his supposed aunt the duchess of Burgundy. Three years after, he set sail with 600 men, and arrived on the Kentish coast, where 160 of his followers were made prisoners, and afterwards executed. Thence he sailed into Ireland, and remained for some time in Cork, but meeting with little assistance, he passed over into Scotland, where, by the king's consent, he married a daughter of the earl of Hmitley, and procured the Scots to invade England in his favor, but a peace being concluded between the two nations, he was obliged to quit Scotland, and embarking with his wife and family, he came once more to Cork, where on the 26th of July 1497, he enhsted 120 soldiers, and by the assistance of the earl of Desmond, procured ships to transport them into Cornwall, to which place he was invited ; upon landing in England he was joined by several thousands, but after some time, finding his axmy decreasing, he surrendered himself, and was sent prisoner to the tower, from which place he made his escape, but was retaken.

    There was so great a drought, this summer, throughout Ireland, that many rivers were almost dried up ; the Cattle died eveiy where with thirst.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was a place Perkin Warbeck came back to more than once. He had escaped from the Tower, and the citizens of Cork received him and entertained him. John Walters, an eminent merchant who would be mayor two years later, was among those who took him in. From Cork, Warbeck wrote letters to the earls of Kildare and Desmond, asking for their assistance. He spoke gratefully of their former attachment to the house of York, told them of his arrival in their country, and entreated them to help him recover his rights. The earl of Kildare replied in terms that raised suspicion, but Desmond at once declared for the adventurer. Warbeck was soon recalled to France by King Charles, who saw him as a useful instrument to force the English sovereign to make peace. When that peace was concluded, Warbeck went to Flanders to his supposed aunt, the duchess of Burgundy. Three years later he set sail with 600 men and landed on the Kentish coast, where 160 of his followers were taken prisoner and afterwards executed. He sailed back into Ireland and stayed for a time in Cork, but meeting with little assistance, he passed into Scotland. There, with the king's consent, he married a daughter of the earl of Huntley, and the Scots invaded England in his favour. But a peace was concluded between the two nations, and he had to leave Scotland. He came once more to Cork, where on the 26th of July 1497 he enlisted 120 soldiers, and with the assistance of the earl of Desmond, procured ships to transport them into Cornwall.

34. Plot to betray Cork city discovered and Irish expelled

    Cork · city · Cork · 1644–1655

    A conspiracy by Catholic priests and Cork townsmen to hand the city to Lord Muskerry's rebel army was discovered in July 1644. Lord Inchiquin used a counter-plot involving Captain Muschamp to apprehend the conspirators, and the Irish were expelled from Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal. Civil authority in Cork ceased until 1655.

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    "I know you have heard how my lord of Inchiquin had put the Irish out of Cork in July last, and not without much cause, for there was a most horrid, damnable and bloody plot of conspiracy, invented and practised by the popish priests and blood-thirsty Jesuites, and the same of a sudden to be put in execution by the townsmen of Cork that were confederates with that bloody and arch-rebel the lord of Muskerry, who had prepared an army in his country near Cork, to be in readiness at an hours warning, after he had intelligence from the popish priests and others of that faction, to approach towards Cork with his army of rebels, who should have been let into the town in the night, and for that purpose they had agreed among themselves, to have such townsmen that night to be in the watch, and in the court of guard, as should be in readiness to seize upon the magazine, arms, ordnance, powderi-and shot, at an instant when the word should have been given, and the rest of their confederates to be likewise ready to let in the rebels at the gate, and so in the dead time of the night to enter into every Englishman's house, with swords, skcnes, and pistols, with full resolution to massacre, murder and kill, man, woman and child, for which horrible murders their holy fathers the priests had given to each one that did undertake this bloody design a free pardon and dispensation, and it pleased God that, in the interim, that this execrable plot of treason was discovered, the priests, that were the chief contrivers of this most damnable plot were taken, and at the time of their execution confessed tlicir mischievous

    92 CORK REMEMlillANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    In July 1644, a conspiracy was discovered in Cork. Catholic priests and Jesuits, along with townsmen of the city, had plotted to hand it to Lord Muskerry's rebel army. Muskerry had an army prepared in his country near Cork, ready at an hour's warning. He was to receive intelligence from the priests, then approach Cork with his rebels. They were to be let into the town at night. The conspirators agreed that certain townsmen would be on the watch and in the court of guard, ready to seize the magazine, arms, ordnance, powder and shot when the word was given. The rest of their confederates would let the rebels in at the gate. Then, in the dead of night, they would enter every Englishman's house with swords, skenes and pistols, with full resolution to kill man, woman and child. The priests had given each conspirator a free pardon and dispensation. Lord Inchiquin used a counter-plot involving Captain Muschamp to apprehend the conspirators. The source says, "it pleased God that this execrable plot of treason was discovered." The priests, who were the chief contrivers, were taken. At the time of their execution they confessed their mischievous deeds. The Irish were expelled from Cork, Kinsale and Youghal. Civil authority in Cork ceased, and did not return until 1655.

35. Plunder and prisoners after fall of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    After Cork's surrender, seamen and loose persons entered through the breach and plundered houses, especially those of Catholics. All Catholics were ordered by proclamation to deliver up arms and repair to the east marsh. Nearly 5000 prisoners and more than 350 officers were secured.

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    A.D, be set on fire at both ends, whereby a great part of the city, was destroyed, and hundreds of protcstants by this breach of faith reduced to beggary. The protestant magistrates now re-assumed their offices, proclaimed the king and queen, and put the place into some order. On the morning of the 29th, several seamen and other loose persons entered the city through the breach, and plundered many houses, especially those of the papists ; but as soon as the bridge coiild be repaired the earl of Marlborough, the duke of Wirtemberg, and general Sgravenmoer entered the town, and took much pains to preserve it from further damage. In the afternoon all the papists were ordered by proclamation, on pain of death, to deliver up their arms, and repair to the east marsh, where all who had been in arms were scciired, and put under guards, the officers, in the county court-house, and the rest in other places, which was very necessary, there being near 5000 prisoners, and more than 350 officers. This conquest cost his majesty not so many as 50 men killed and wounded.

    Cork being thus reduced, was put under the government of colonel Hales. Brigadier Villiers was the same day detached with a party to possess himself of Kinsale, which not being tenable was deserted by the enemy. On the 2d of October lord Marlborough came thither with the army, and on the following day major-general Tettau and colonel Fitz-Patrick, with about 800 men, got over in boats unpcrceived near Ringroan castle, and marched down towards the old fort, which they boldly assaulted and took by storm, whereupon the enemy retired into the castle ; but at the same time three barrels of their gunpowder took fire at the gate, and blew it up with about 40 soldiers. At length the governor colonel Driscoil, and 200 of the garrison being killed, the rest sm-rendered upon promise of quarter.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 91

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, after its fall, saw disorder and then a hard reckoning. On the morning of the 29th, seamen and other loose persons entered the city through the breach and plundered many houses, especially those of the Catholics. The earl of Marlborough, the duke of Wirtemberg, and general Sgravenmoer came in as soon as the bridge could be repaired, and took pains to stop further damage. By afternoon, a proclamation ordered all Catholics, on pain of death, to deliver up their arms and repair to the east marsh. There, all who had been in arms were secured and put under guards. The officers were held in the county court-house, and the rest in other places. It was very necessary. There were near 5000 prisoners and more than 350 officers. This conquest cost the king not so many as 50 men killed and wounded. The city was then put under the government of colonel Hales. Brigadier Villiers was detached the same day with a party to possess himself of Kinsale, which the enemy had deserted as not being tenable. On the 2nd of October lord Marlborough came there with the army. The following day major-general Tettau and colonel Fitz-Patrick, with about 800 men, got over in boats unperceived near Ringroan castle, and marched down towards the old fort, which they boldly assaulted and took by storm. The enemy retired into the castle, but three barrels of their gunpowder took fire at the gate and blew it up with about 40 soldiers. At length the governor colonel Driscoil and 200 of the garrison being killed, the rest surrendered upon promise of quarter.

36. Rioters assemble in Shandon churchyard, one shot dead

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    Rioting in Cork had reached such a height that it was unsafe for inhabitants to walk the streets. A number of rioters assembled in Shandon churchyard and were dispersed after one was shot dead, though it was uncertain whether by a rioter or an annoyed inhabitant.

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    23. — Rioting had arrived to such a height in the city, that it was supposed that if proper steps were not speedily taken, it would be unsafe for the inhabitants to walk in the streets, as the lawless vagabonds who engaged in such riots were most abandoned wretches, who scnipled not to commit any villainy. A number of these gentry assembled in a most riotous manner in Shandon church yard this evening, but were dispersed upon one of them being shot dead, whether by one of the rioters or by one of the annoyed inhabitants, it was uncertain. There were likewise rioting and unlawful assemblies in other parts of the city, on this and the following day, in which several of the rioters were wounded, and innocent people insulted and abused.

    Jitne 27. — The new road from this city to Blarney, part of the Kanturk Turnpike, was opened and made passable for carriages : in three miles this road was nearly three quarters of a mile shorter than the former one.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 108

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Shandon, a locality of Cork where, on the 23rd of the month, rioting had reached such a height that it was supposed if proper steps were not speedily taken, it would be unsafe for the inhabitants to walk the streets. The lawless vagabonds who engaged in such riots were described as most abandoned wretches who scrupled not to commit any villainy. A number of them assembled in a most riotous manner in Shandon churchyard that evening. They were dispersed upon one of their number being shot dead. Whether he was shot by one of the rioters or by one of the annoyed inhabitants was uncertain. There were likewise rioting and unlawful assemblies in other parts of the city on this and the following day. Several of the rioters were wounded, and innocent people were insulted and abused.

37. Saint Baril's tower in a Cork suburb

    Cork · city · Cork

    In a suburb of Cork stood an old tower over one hundred feet high, believed to have been miraculously built by Saint Baril without lime or stone. The saint later half-destroyed it by jumping from its top, imprinting his foot on a flint stone that became a devotional site for local women.

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    ■A^-D. at home. The man replied, that he knew no sueh person. — Neuel insisting that the house belonged to the person for whoiii he had asked, was told, that it belonged to an English captain, who had it on the seclusion of the catholics from the town. He was sni-jDrised to find events so deplorable had occurred to his family. I sympathised with him, and observed, "since things were thus we must seek a lodging, as the night was coming on." O "Mister Frenchman," he said, "you cannot without injustice refuse to repair to the house, if not of my father, at least of some other relation. I have uncles in the town, where we shall be welcome."' We found out one of them, and by him were received with all imaginable kindness, and Neuel learned that his father had lost in the religious wars more than £10,000 sterling, and had been obliged to fly to the country, to avoid the tyranny of the English protestants. I remained eight days in this house in the midst of continual festivity ; and on taking leave to pursue my travels, they thanked me for the assistance I rendered to Tarn Neuel, and in spite of all I could do, repaid me the money I had furnished for his expenses from Limerick. The same writer thus continues. "A mile from Korq is a well called by the English Sunday spring, or the fountain of Sunday, which the Irish believe is blessed and cures many ills. I found, the water of it extremely cold. Opposite this well to the south of the sea, are the iniins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe; there is a cave which extends far under the ground, where they say, that Saint Patrick resorted often for prayer. In one of the suburbs of Korq there is an old tower ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they conscientiously believe to have been built by Saint Baril without lime or stone, to prove by this miracle his religion ; then it was lopped or half destroyed by the same saint, who jumped from the top to the bottom of it, and imprinted the mark of his foot on a flint stone, where the old women go with great devotion to say their prayers."

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 79

    As the companion tells it

    There is a suburb of Cork where an old tower once stood, ten or twelve feet in circumference and more than one hundred feet high. The people there believed it was built by Saint Baril, and built without lime or stone, to prove his religion by a miracle. The same saint then lopped it, half destroying it, by jumping from the top to the bottom. Where he landed, he imprinted the mark of his foot on a flint stone, and the old women of the district would go there with great devotion to say their prayers. The account comes from a French traveller who passed through Cork in troubled times. He had been helping a young Irishman called Neuel get home from Limerick, and when they arrived in Cork they could not find Neuel's father's house. It had been taken by an English captain after the Catholics were excluded from the town. Neuel learned that his father had lost more than £10,000 sterling in the religious wars and had fled to the country. An uncle took them in for eight days, repaid the Frenchman his expenses, and sent them on their way. A mile from Cork the traveller also found a well the English called Sunday Spring, which the Irish believed was blessed and cured many ills. He noted the water was extremely cold. Opposite the well, south of the sea, stood the ruins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe, with a cave running far underground where they said Saint Patrick often went to pray.

38. Seamen attack sentries at South-gate gaol

    near South Gate · street · Dublin · 1784

    A party of seamen attacked the sentries at South-gate gaol with stones. The soldiers fired five shots, the last supposedly killing Green, one of the attackers, and one man was captured in Tuckey Street.

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    JaJij 11. — A party of seamen attacked the ceiitinels at South -^^ legate gaol with stones, between five and six o'clock this morning; the centinels having in vain begged of them to desist, advanced to the end of Old Post-office lane, the seamen being on the other side (except one who stood at the end of Kift's lane and who at intervals used to run out and throw stones, crying damn you fire we are the tnie blades,) the number of shots fired were five, the last of which it was supposed killed Green one of the daring party. The soldiers then returned to the gaol, and there left their muskets, and gave chace to the man at Kift's lane, who fled and was proceeding down Tuckey-street, when the pursuers called to the continel at the guard house to stop him, which he did, and the transgressor was taken into confinement.

    ^ug. 24. — A shoemaker underwent the newly adopted operation of tarring and feathering; during his march through the town he was severely pelted with eggs, but was at length rescued by sheriff" Shaw, who, with a party of the army, protected him from further outrage. He was charged with having made up shoes of an inferior quality at so low a price, as to prove highly injurious to the craft.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about South Gate, in 1784, a party of seamen attacked the sentries at the gaol with stones, between five and six o'clock one morning. The sentries begged them to desist, but in vain. The soldiers advanced to the end of Old Post-office lane, the seamen on the other side. One man stood at the end of Kift's lane, running out at intervals to throw stones, crying "damn you fire we are the true blades." Five shots were fired. The last was supposed to have killed Green, one of the daring party. The soldiers then returned to the gaol and left their muskets, and gave chase to the man at Kift's lane. He fled and was proceeding down Tuckey-street when the pursuers called to the sentry at the guard house to stop him, which he did, and the man was taken into confinement. Later that August, a shoemaker underwent tarring and feathering. During his march through the town he was severely pelted with eggs, but was rescued by Sheriff Shaw, who with a party of the army protected him from further outrage. He was charged with having made up shoes of an inferior quality at so low a price as to prove highly injurious to the craft.

39. Sheriff rescues woman from mob in Castle Street, Cork

    Castle Street · street · Cork · 1806

    Sheriff Maguire heard a woman's cries in Castle Street and found her being attacked by about twenty men. After seizing one assailant, he was pursued down Cock-pit lane, stoned, and fired his pistol to disperse the gang.

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    ^ug. 2. — As Mr. Sheriff Maguire and his servant were patrolling the streets, they heard the cries of a female in Castlestreet, and proceeding to the spot, found her surrounded and cruelly treated by about twenty ruffians. The sheriff seized upon one of the most active of the delinquents, and committed the woman to the care of his servant, and was proceeding to lodge the man in Bridewell, when he was followed down Cock-pit lane by the rest of the gang, who attacked him with a shower of stones ; after some time, perceiving that his servant was knocked down by a stone, and being himself struck in the leg, he fired a pistol and wounded one of the assailants in the neck, on which they immediately dispersed, and the sheriff conducted his prisoner without further opposition to the Bridewell.

    18. — There was a boat race at Blackrock; three silver cups (value five guineas each) were rowed for.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 143

    As the companion tells it

    On the 2nd of August 1806, Sheriff Maguire and his servant were patrolling the streets of Cork when they heard a woman's cries from Castle Street. Going to the spot, they found her surrounded and being cruelly treated by about twenty men. The sheriff seized one of the most active of the attackers, gave the woman into his servant's care, and set off to lodge the man in Bridewell. He was followed down Cock-pit lane by the rest of the gang, who attacked him with a shower of stones. After some time, seeing his servant knocked down by a stone and being struck himself in the leg, he fired a pistol and wounded one of the assailants in the neck. They dispersed immediately, and the sheriff conducted his prisoner to Bridewell without further opposition.

40. Shoemaker tarred and feathered for undercutting

    Cork · city · Cork · 1784

    A shoemaker was tarred and feathered and pelted with eggs through the streets of Cork, charged with making inferior shoes at too low a price, injurious to the craft. He was eventually rescued by Sheriff Shaw with a party of the army.

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    ^ug. 24. — A shoemaker underwent the newly adopted operation of tarring and feathering; during his march through the town he was severely pelted with eggs, but was at length rescued by sheriff" Shaw, who, with a party of the army, protected him from further outrage. He was charged with having made up shoes of an inferior quality at so low a price, as to prove highly injurious to the craft.

    Dec. 30 — The freedom of this city was voted to the duke of Piutland, lord lieutenant of Ireland, in a gold box; and to Sir Alexander Schomberg hart, in a silver box.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    In 1784, a shoemaker in Cork was tarred and feathered and marched through the streets, severely pelted with eggs. He was charged with making shoes of an inferior quality at so low a price, "as to prove highly injurious to the craft." Sheriff Shaw rescued him at length, with a party of the army, protecting him from further outrage.

41. Sir James Desmond executed at Cork city gates

    Cork · city · Cork · 1580

    Sir James Desmond, mortally wounded and captured by a blacksmith in the service of Sir Cormac Mac Teigue, was delivered to Sir Warham St. Leger and Captain Walter Raleigh. He was indicted, condemned, and executed as a traitor, with his head and quarters fixed on the gates of the city of Cork.

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    ^ug. 1. — Sir James Desmond was mortally wounded in an attempt to carry off a prey from Sir Coimac Mac Teigue, and 150 of his men slain. Sir James was taken prisoner by a blacksmith, a servant of Sir Cormac's, who bomid him, and hid him in a bush till the fight was over, when he carried him to Sir Cormac, who secured him, until, by the direction of the lords justices, he delivered him to Sir Warham St. Leger and captain Walter Raleigh ; who, by a commission to them directed, examined him, and had him indicted, condemned and executed as a traitor, and his head and quarters fixed on the gates of the city For this service, Sir Cormac Mac Tieg was knighted by the lord justice, and made high sheriff of the county.

    A complaint was made by captain Raleigh against the Barrys 1580 and Condons for assisting the rebels, in consequence of which a commission to seize on the castle of Barry's Court Avas granted to Raleigh ; but Barry, having got notice of it, set the castle on fire.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 66

    As the companion tells it

    In 1580, the city of Cork witnessed the execution of a traitor. Sir James Desmond had tried to carry off a prey from Sir Cormac Mac Teigue. In the attempt he was mortally wounded, and 150 of his men were slain. A blacksmith in Sir Cormac's service took him prisoner, bound him, and hid him in a bush until the fight was over. Then he carried him to Sir Cormac, who held him secure. By direction of the lords justices, Sir Cormac delivered him to Sir Warham St. Leger and Captain Walter Raleigh. They examined him under commission, had him indicted, condemned, and executed as a traitor. His head and quarters were fixed on the gates of the city of Cork. For this service, Sir Cormac Mac Teigue was knighted by the lord justice and made high sheriff of the county. A complaint was made by Captain Raleigh against the Barrys and Condons for assisting the rebels. A commission to seize Barry's Court castle was granted to Raleigh, but Barry, having got notice, set the castle on fire.

42. Spontaneous combustion at Wise's coal store, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1810

    A large coal store belonging to the Messrs. Wise, containing over a thousand tons of Scotch coals, exhibited alarming spontaneous combustion. Hundreds of labourers, agents of assurance offices, sheriffs, constables, and military combined efforts to bring the fire under control.

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    A large covered coal store, belonging to the Messrs. Wise, which contained upwards of a thousand tons of Scotch coals, 1 was observed this morning to exhibit alarming symptoms

    of spontaneous combustion. Some hundreds of labourers were immmediately employed to remove the coals to an adjoining yard ; as they proceeded in the work, the coals became hotter, and the smoke and vapour increased to such an extent as greatly to incommode the workmen ; and notwithstanding their exertions, the smoke encreased to such a degree, that little doubt was entertained of the coals being actually on fire : an alarm was instantly spread through the city that the distilleiy was in flames, which caused the greatest consternation, as it blew a violent snow storm at the time ; at length, by the combined exertions of the agents of the assurance offices, the sheriffs, constables, and a large party of the military, the fire was so far .got imder on the 21st, as to remove every apprehension of danger. The coals

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, in 1810, a large covered coal store belonging to the Messrs. Wise held upwards of a thousand tons of Scotch coals. One morning it showed alarming symptoms of spontaneous combustion. Hundreds of labourers were set to work moving the coals to an adjoining yard. As they proceeded, the coals grew hotter, and the smoke and vapour increased enough to greatly incommode the workmen. Despite their exertions, the smoke kept rising until little doubt remained that the coals were actually on fire. An alarm spread through the city that the distillery was in flames, causing the greatest consternation, all the worse because a violent snow storm was blowing at the time. By the combined exertions of the agents of the assurance offices, the sheriffs, constables, and a large party of the military, the fire was got under on the 21st, removing every apprehension of danger.

43. Turks plunder Baltimore and carry off captives

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1631–1632

    On June 20, 1631, Turkish raiders plundered Baltimore and carried away several families captive. The following year the army was sent to guard the south-west coasts of Munster and beacons were erected to alarm the country in case of further Turkish landings.

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    Tlie western coasts of this county were infosted by a clangerons A. D. pirate named Nut, who not only robbed on the seas, but also made several descents on the coast. In a letter from the lord president St. Leger to the government, he informs them that Nut had three ships under his command, his own being a twenty gun ship of 300 tons burthen ; a ship which he took belonging to St. Maloes of IGO tons, was his vice-admiral's, and the third which he had taken, belonged to Dieppe and moimted fifteen guns. At the same time that this letter was written, viz., in May, Nut victualled and watered his fleet at Crookhaven, where he also took his wife on board. Soon after the government sent him a pardon, which he at first refused, but in a little time accepted. Jime 20 — The Turks plundered Baltimore and carried away several families captive.

    The army was sent to guard the south-west coasts of IMunster, 1G32 and beacons were erected on most of the conspicuous places, to alarm the coimtry in case the Turks should attempt to land, as they had done the last year, and as they threatened to do again. Jitne 3 — The lord deputy Wentworth sent an ingot of silver of 300 ounces to the king, being the first fruit of his majesty's mines in Munster.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 77

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Baltimore sits on the coast of Cork, and in 1631 it suffered a raid that left several families carried off. Before that, the western coasts of the county were infested by a dangerous pirate named Nut, who robbed on the seas and made several descents on the coast. Lord President St. Leger wrote to the government in May, reporting that Nut had three ships. His own was a 20 gun ship of 300 tons. He had taken a ship belonging to St. Maloes of 160 tons for his vice-admiral, and a third taken from Dieppe that mounted 15 guns. That same May, Nut victualled and watered his fleet at Crookhaven, where he also took his wife on board. The government soon sent him a pardon. He refused it at first, but accepted it in a little time. Then on June 20 the Turks plundered Baltimore and carried away several families captive. The following year, 1632, the army was sent to guard the south-west coasts of Munster, and beacons were erected on most of the conspicuous places to alarm the country in case the Turks should attempt to land again, as they had done the last year, and as they threatened to do.

44. Whiteboy cache found at Kilcondy pound

    Kilcondy · townland · Cork · 1786

    Two brothers passing Kilcondy pound found one hundred horses with bridles and saddles, believed left by the Whiteboys, and liberated them. Searching a nearby house they found one cwt. of gunpowder and a large quantity of duck shot and slugs, which they carried off.

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    Fch. 14. — Mr. William Spread and his brother, passing by Kilcondy pound, and seeing there one hundred horses with bridles and saddles which, they conceived must have been left there by the White boys, immediately liberated them, and searching the house near the pound, they found one cwt. of gunpowder, and a large quantity of duck shot and slugs, which they brought away with them.

    April 5. — A most singular claim was made in the county court-house by Sir James Carthy, sovereign of Kinsale, on behalf ofhimsclf and the burgesses of that town. The judge being in want

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 126

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1786, two brothers found something startling at the local pound. William Spread and his brother were passing Kilcondy pound when they saw one hundred horses standing there, each with bridle and saddle. They reckoned the Whiteboys had left them, so they let every one of them go. Then they searched the house near the pound and found one cwt. of gunpowder, along with a large quantity of duck shot and slugs. They carried all of it off with them.

45. Youghal plundered by Desmond and retaken

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1579

    Desmond marched to Youghal, which offered no resistance, and plundered the inhabitants' effects, carrying them to his castles of Strancally and Lisfmny. Captain White retook the town but was killed when the seneschal of Imokilly recaptured it, leaving Youghal desolate except for one friar; a garrison was later installed and the perfidious mayor hanged at his own door.

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    complied, he, remembering his former long imprisonment, and A.D. having evil comisellors about him, refused, and was on the first ^^'^ of November 1579, by sound of trumpet, proclaimed a traitor, with James his brother and all their confederates and adherents ; upon which this unfortunate earl went into open rebellion, and set up his standard at Ballyhowra in this county. He next marched to Youghal, which making no resistance, he plundered, and carried away the effects of the inhabitants to his castles of Strancally and Lisfmny, then possessed by the Spaniards. This town was regained by captain White, but again retaken by the seneschal of Imokilly, White and most of his men being slain. By this means Youghal was left quite desolate, not a man staying in it, except one poor friar : but the old inhabitants were afterwards invited to return, a garrison of two hundred men being left for their protection. The mayor, who had refused a garrison, and had perfidiously yielded the town to Desmond, was hanged at his own door.

    Several of the Desmonds' castles were taken by the lord justice; amongst the rest that of Carrigfoyle, then garrisoned by an Italian captain and some Spaniards, who were all put to the sword.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 66

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Youghal, a town in Cork that suffered badly in 1579. That November, the Earl of Desmond had been proclaimed a traitor by sound of trumpet, and he went into open rebellion, setting up his standard at Ballyhowra. He marched next to Youghal, which made no resistance. He plundered the town and carried away the effects of the inhabitants to his castles of Strancally and Lisfmny, which were then possessed by the Spaniards. The town was regained by Captain White, but it was retaken by the seneschal of Imokilly, and White and most of his men were slain. Youghal was left quite desolate, not a man staying in it except one poor friar. The old inhabitants were afterwards invited to return, and a garrison of 200 men was left for their protection. The mayor, who had refused a garrison and had perfidiously yielded the town to Desmond, was hanged at his own door.

46. Butlers invade Earl of Desmond's estate in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1569

    The Butlers invaded the Earl of Desmond's estate in Cork county but were suppressed.

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    This year the Butlers invaded the Earl of Desmond's estate in this county ; but they were suppressed.

    1570 Sir John Perrot was made lord President of Munster, this year, in the room of Sir AVarham St Leger, and chose for his residence the city of Cork. He reduced all the Irish in this province to the English habit, being assisted by Sir George Bourchier for martial, and George Walsh for civil affairs.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 63

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Cork. In 1569, the Butlers invaded the Earl of Desmond's estate in this county, but were suppressed. The next year, Sir John Perrot became Lord President of Munster in place of Sir Warham St Leger and chose Cork for his residence. He brought all the Irish in the province to the English habit, aided by Sir George Bourchier for martial and George Walsh for civil affairs.

47. Cork impoverished and citizens prevented from fleeing in 1381

    Cork · city · Cork · 1381

    In 1381 Cork was so impoverished by its lawless neighbours that principal citizens resolved to leave. The mayor and bailiffs had to forcibly detain them for the defence of the city.

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    coasts. Yet the latter were generally prosperous and powerful, while the towns of Ireland were comparatively poor and weak. In 1 38 1 , Cork was so impoverished by its lawless neighbours, that some of the principal citizens resolved to go away : and it was found necessary that the mayor and bailiffs should forcibly detain them for the defence of the city. Nevertheless, the inhabitants of towns were not unpractised in military expeditions : they were usually called on to attend hostings; and in some instances, as iu those of Dublin and Drogheda, fomied the most effective part of the armies of government. Hence it is not easy to account for their unhappy condition. We might suppose that they would have engaged in military expeditions on their own account, and have advanced in power and importance like the Grecian colonies. Government, which showered privileges and favours on them, as the bulwarks of its own power, would hardly have denied its approbation to the reduction, by every means, of the common enemies of both ; and yet we have met with only one instance since the arrival of the English, of a warlike expedition having been fitted out by any town on its own account, and at its own discretion. In 1537, the city of Waterford despatched a naval armament, consisting of three vessels and four hundred men, against the castles of O'Driscol, a chieftain of this county, and without much difficulty succeeded in reducing and destroying them. They also destroyed his villages, and ravaged his lands, set fire to his town of Baltimore and broke down another of his castles there, and returned with some booty to Waterford. Their sole aim however was retaliation for outrages committed against one of their trading vessels. They seem to have had no ulterior object, no hope of conquest or permanent acquisition. A Greek city in such a case would probably have repaired and garrisoned the castles, and made them the citadels of colonies; or would at least have continued to amass wealth by similar naval enterprizes, until the resources and magnitude of their state, secure within walls, should have so far encreased, as to enable them to meet the barbarians in the field. Such expeditions however in order to be profitable, should be extended like those of the early Greeks to distant and unobnoxious quarters. This to be sure would be mere piracy, the expediency or propriety of which, perhaps the towns of Ireland did not comprehend ; and as they never gained

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 22

    As the companion tells it

    The city of Cork, in 1381, was brought so low by its lawless neighbours that some of the principal citizens resolved to leave. They had had enough. The mayor and bailiffs found it necessary to forcibly detain them, keeping them in the city for its own defence. The towns of Ireland were comparatively poor and weak, while those along the coasts were generally prosperous and powerful, and Cork's condition was unhappy and not easy to account for. The inhabitants of towns were not unpractised in military expeditions. They were usually called on to attend hostings, and in some instances, as in Dublin and Drogheda, formed the most effective part of the armies of government. Government showered privileges and favours on towns as the bulwarks of its own power, and would hardly have denied its approbation to the reduction, by every means, of the common enemies of both. And yet only one instance appears since the arrival of the English of a warlike expedition fitted out by any town on its own account. In 1537, Waterford despatched a naval armament of three vessels and 400 men against the castles of O'Driscol, a chieftain of this county, and succeeded in reducing and destroying them. They destroyed his villages, ravaged his lands, set fire to his town of Baltimore, and broke down another of his castles there, returning with some booty. Their sole aim was retaliation for outrages committed against one of their trading vessels. They had no ulterior object, no hope of conquest or permanent acquisition.

48. Lady St. Leger besieged in Cork during Munster rebellion

    Cork · city · Cork · 1568

    During Sir Warham St. Leger's absence in the north, Munster rebels under Sir James Fitzmaurice distressed his lady, who shut herself up in Cork. Lord Deputy Sidney marched to Cork to relieve her, meeting 400 newly arrived soldiers there, then proceeded to take Carrigaline Castle and Buttevant.

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    During the absence of Sir Warham St. Leger, who was sent into the north, the Munster rebels greatly distressed his lady, who was obliged to shut herself up in the city of Cork, being daily threatened by them ; for Sir James Fitzmaurice, son to Sir Maurice of Desmond, having gone into actual rebellion, joined the earl of Clancarre, the chiefs of the Mac Carthys, together with Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly, and others, who under pretence of religion took up amis. The lord deputy Sidney marched to Cork, to relieve the lady, in which town he met 400 soldiers newly arrived from England. From Cork he went to Kerrycurrihy, and took Carrigaline Castle ; thence he marched northwards and took Buttevant, whence he intended to have gone to Kilmallock ; but that place was burnt by the rebels before he arrived there. However, the lord deputy gave encouragement to have it rebuilt, and shortly after compelled the earl of Clancarre, to submit and crave pardon of the Queen of England.

    Sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors had been fomierly marquisses of Cork, came over well recommended from England, to the council of Ireland, before whom he intended to have had a trial for the recoveiy of the antient estate of his family, which besides several lands in Leinster, was one half of the kingdom of Cork ; but Sir Peter dying, the prosecution came to nothing.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 63

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was the refuge of Lady St. Leger in 1568, when Munster rose in rebellion. Her husband, Sir Warham St. Leger, had been sent into the north, and in his absence the rebels distressed her greatly. She shut herself up in the city, threatened daily by them. Sir James Fitzmaurice, son of Sir Maurice of Desmond, had gone into actual rebellion. He joined the earl of Clancarre, the chiefs of the Mac Carthys, and Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly, with others who took up arms under pretence of religion. The lord deputy Sidney marched to Cork to relieve her. In the town he met 400 soldiers newly arrived from England. From Cork he went to Kerrycurrihy and took Carrigaline Castle. Thence he marched northwards and took Buttevant. He intended to go on to Kilmallock, but the rebels burnt that place before he arrived. The lord deputy gave encouragement to have it rebuilt, and shortly after compelled the earl of Clancarre to submit and crave pardon of the Queen of England. Sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors had been formerly marquesses of Cork, came over well recommended from England to the council of Ireland. He intended to have a trial for recovery of the ancient estate of his family, which besides several lands in Leinster was one half of the kingdom of Cork. But Sir Peter dying, the prosecution came to nothing.

49. Maurice Roche, lord of Fermoy, appointed sheriff of Cork

    Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1422

    On February 18, 1422, the king committed to Maurice Roche, lord of Fermoy, the office of sheriff of the county of Cork, to be held during the king's pleasure. This placed a major local lord in the chief royal office of the county.

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    In the same parliament, then assembled, there arose a contention between Adam Payn, bishop of Cloyne, and another prelate, because the former endeavoured to unite tohis see, the church of the other, which h© was unwilling to pemiit, and therefore they were both dismissed to the court of Rome. 1422 Pgj)^ 18_ — The king committed to Maurice Roche, lord of

    Feraioy, the office of sheriff of the county, to be held during his Majesty's pleasm*e.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Fermoy, on February 18, 1422, the king committed to Maurice Roche, lord of Fermoy, the office of sheriff of the county of Cork, to be held during his Majesty's pleasure. A major local lord was now placed in the chief royal office of the county. In the same parliament, Adam Payn, bishop of Cloyne, had contended with another prelate over uniting a church to his see, and both were dismissed to the court of Rome.

50. Meades and Golds refuse lord lieutenant entry to Cork, 1603

    Cork · city · Cork · 1603

    In 1603, the Meade and Gold factions of Cork insisted on refusing the lord lieutenant entrance to the city. The Galway, Verdon, and Martel families opposed them, illustrating the factional clan politics among leading citizen families.

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    In Queen Elizabeth's time this city was a populous little trading town, of an oval form,(l) inferior in size to Dublin, Watcrford, or Limerick, ('-) encompassed with the channel of the river, which also crossed it, and not accessible except by bridges ; " lying along as it were in one direct street, with a bridge over it. '"(3) Its port was much frequented by strangers, both for the advantage of fishing in the harbour, and for the purposes of trade, by which the city was chiefly maintained. (4) The inhabitants were very industrious and pretty opulent ;(o) they were merchants, and great travellers themselves ; and great numbers also of strange merchants daily resorted to Cork, to trade with them. The City was walled round about and well fortified for defence against the Irish. (G) The inhabitants were so beset with enemies on all sides, that they were obliged to watch their gates day and night, as if they were besieged,(7) keeping them shut at service times, at meals, and from simset to sunrise ; not suiFering any stranger to enter with his weapon, but obliging him to leave it at a lodge appointed: "they walked out at seasons for recreation, with strength of men furnished: "'(8) the mayor and bailiffs governed according to the laws of England. Hooker seems to insinuate that this was the cause of the hostility of the surrounding country ; however this may be, the citizens kept themselves entirely aloof from their neighbours, and married entirely among themselves, never even matching their daughters in the country; almost all the citizens were consequently related in some degree or other :(9) particular suniames became so frequent, that those who bore them were additionally designated by patronymics fomied of the syllable " fitz". Those of similar names were a species of clans, acting together in bodies, and forming separate interests. In 1603, the Meades and Golds insisted on refusing the lord lieutenant an entrance into the city. The Galways, Verdons, and Martels opposed them.

    (1) Camden. (2) Stanihurst. (3) Camden. (4) Hooker. (5) Staiiiluirst.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in Queen Elizabeth's time, was a populous little trading town, oval in form, smaller than Dublin, Waterford, or Limerick. The river channel encompassed it and crossed through it, and you could not get in except by bridges. Its port drew strangers for the fishing in the harbour and for trade, by which the city was chiefly maintained. The inhabitants were industrious and pretty opulent. They were merchants and great travellers themselves, and great numbers of strange merchants daily resorted to Cork to trade with them. The city was walled round about and well fortified for defence against the Irish. The citizens were so beset with enemies on all sides that they watched their gates day and night, as if besieged. They kept them shut at service times, at meals, and from sunset to sunrise. No stranger could enter with his weapon. He had to leave it at a lodge appointed for that purpose. The mayor and bailiffs governed according to the laws of England. The citizens kept themselves entirely aloof from their neighbours and married entirely among themselves, never even matching their daughters in the country. Almost all the citizens were consequently related in some degree or other. Particular surnames became so frequent that those who bore them were additionally designated by patronymics formed of the syllable fitz. Those of similar names were a species of clans, acting together in bodies and forming separate interests. In 1603, the Meades and Golds insisted on refusing the lord lieutenant an entrance into the city. The Galways, Verdons, and Martels opposed them.

51. Sir John of Desmond's body displayed at Cork's North Gate

    Cork · city · Cork

    After being attacked near Castle Lyons, Sir John of Desmond died by the way, but his body was hanged by the heels on a gibbet near the North gate of Cork. His head was sent to Dublin to be placed on a pole on the castle, and James Fitz-John was also hanged and quartered.

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    A. D. Sir John of Desmond and James Fitz-John of Strangcally were '^^^ attacked by captains Zouch and Dowdall at a wood near Castle Lyons; the former, being wounded before he surrendered, died by the way, but his body was hanged by the heels on a gibbet near the North gate, and his head sent to Dublin to be placed upon a pole on the castle ; Fitz John was also hanged and quartered. 1583 The earl of Desmond was most of this year accompanied by only two or three horsemen and a priest, with which retinue he was met in September by some of the lord Roche's men, and surrounded ; but breaking through them he escaped. The priest, having fallen into their hands, was sent to the earl of Ormond, to whom he related the great misery the earl was in, and that he had his only relief from Goran Mac Swiney, a captain of Galloglasses, then under his protection. This Mac Swiney, having soon after made an incursion into Carbery, whence he was returning with a great prey of cattle, was, by reason of the length of the way, forced to stay for the night at a place three or four miles short of the earl's abode ; where, suspecting nothing, he walked a little way out of his lodgment with one servant without arms, which three Irishmen (from whom some of the cattle had been taken, and who had followed at a distance in hopes of stealing some of the prey,) perceiving, on a sudden, rushed in upon them, and cut off their heads, and fled away after they had thus revenged themselves. Goran's servants a while after, won- ' dering why their master staid so long, went out to look for him, and to tell him that his supper was ready ; but, to their great surprise, found him lying headless. After this accident his followers were forced to join the earl, who shortly after, having taken a prey of cattle, was pursued to Kerry near the side of a mountain where there was a glen, and in it a little grove, through which the pursuers observed a fire not far off. One of the company, being sent to leani who was there, upon his return, informed them that there were five or six persons in an old house, whereupon they detennined to attack them, and entering it found only an old man, the others having fled; when one Daniel Kelly, (who was afterwards hanged at Tyburn but for the present rewarded by Queen Elizabeth) almost cut off his arm with his

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 66

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Cork, a city with a grim marker in its past. In 1583, Sir John of Desmond and James Fitz-John of Strangcally were attacked by captains Zouch and Dowdall at a wood near Castle Lyons. Sir John was wounded before he surrendered, and he died by the way. But death was not the end of his punishment. His body was hanged by the heels on a gibbet near the North Gate of Cork, displayed there for all to see. His head was sent to Dublin, to be placed upon a pole on the castle. James Fitz-John was also hanged and quartered. So the city's North Gate became the place where a dead man's body was strung up, a warning left hanging in full view. The year was 1583, and the Desmond rebellion was being put down piece by piece. Sir John had been captured not far away, near Castle Lyons, wounded before he ever gave himself up. He did not survive the journey. But his body was brought here, to Cork, and hanged upside down at the gate, while his head travelled north to Dublin to stand on a pole above the castle there.

52. Sir Robert Starling's surprise removal as Cork governor

    Cork · city · Cork

    Sir Robert Starling served as governor at Cork and was unexpectedly divested of his command, apparently while asleep. The passage satirizes his military incompetence, suggesting his troops were never properly exercised and that he relied on Providence rather than tactical means for victory. His removal was brought about by what the author calls 'rude fellows at Cork.'

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    quaint luimour aul malicious triumph. "Sir Ro'ocrt Starling was governor there, who little dreamed of losing his command, and yet found he had lost it when he waked — one may truly say he was taken napping, but I must acknowledge, to extenuate his misfortune, that he was divested of his government in the dark, and consequently could not see to prevent it. Sure this major-general lost his way into that olEce, and was as much surprized at his having that employment, as we were to see him in it. His ignorance was so great it passed for his religion, for never any that saw him draw up the army, but concluded he relied on Providence for the victory, he made so little use of the means for obtaining it. He has now done that, too, which he never did to his regiment, I mean, exercised, and the word of command is, as you are ! that is, reduced to his primitive existence, which affords him tlie stoic's motto, " Omnia mea mccum porto." Thi>i makes me that I believe he will think those last eight years a dream, and that he he was never really waked out of it but when these rude fellows at Cork, presumed to do it."

    100 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a story about a governor who lost his post in his sleep. Sir Robert Starling was governor here, and he little dreamed of losing his command, yet found he had lost it when he woke. The author says he was truly taken napping, but acknowledges that he was divested of his government in the dark, and could not see to prevent it. The same writer says Starling lost his way into the office, and was as surprised at having the employment as anyone was to see him in it. His ignorance was so great it passed for his religion. Anyone who saw him draw up the army concluded he relied on Providence for the victory, since he made so little use of the means for obtaining it. The author adds that Starling has now done what he never did for his regiment, meaning exercised, and that the word of command is, as he is, reduced to his primitive existence. Starling will think his last eight years a dream, and that he was never really woken from it until what the author calls the rude fellows at Cork presumed to do it.

53. Youghal townsmen capture French privateer

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1695

    The townsmen of Youghal manned a boat with about forty seamen and soldiers and captured a French privateer anchored under Cable Island that had seized boats belonging to the town.

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    The townsmen of Youghal, having manned out a boat with ig95

    about 40 seamen and soldiers, took a French privateer, which lay at anchor under Cable island, and had seized some boats belonging to the town.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 94

    As the companion tells it

    In 1695 the townsmen of Youghal manned a boat with about 40 seamen and soldiers and took a French privateer that lay at anchor under Cable Island. That privateer had seized some boats belonging to the town.

54. Armed men abduct Miss Mary Kennedy from Mallow-lane

    Cork · city · Cork · 1776

    The house of Miss Mary Kennedy in Mallow-lane was broken into by four armed persons who forcibly took her out of bed and carried her off, supposedly with intent to marry her to one of the party. The incident reflects the practice of abduction for forced marriage.

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    18. — The house of Miss Mary Kennedy, in Mallow-lane, was broken into by four persons armed, who forcibly took her out of bed, and carried her off, with intent (as it was supposed) to marry her to one of the party.

    18. — A ship arrived in Kinsale from Boston, with the corps of officers of the 59th regiment, whose number had exceeded their rank and fde, which latter were drafted into other regiments, and the officers were sent to recruit their full complement in England.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1776, was where Miss Mary Kennedy's house in Mallow-lane was broken into by four armed persons. They took her forcibly out of bed and carried her off. It was supposed they meant to marry her to one of the party. Abduction for forced marriage was a practice of the time, and this is what it looked like, carried out in the dark, by armed men, on a woman taken from her own bed.

55. Baltimore town burned and castle broken down

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1537

    The Waterford forces set fire to Baltimore and broke down another castle belonging to O'Driscoll there. During the destruction, seaman William Grant was trapped atop a burning castle pinnacle and was rescued by a companion who shot an arrow with a cord attached, allowing Grant to slide down to safety.

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    Bahimore, and anchored under the castle then defended with artillery. They fired at it all night, but at day break the garrison fled, and the Waterford men landed in good order in the island of Inishercan, and besieged the fortress there, called the castle of Dunalong, i.e. the ship castle; the seamen entered the castle by the small port and set up Saint George's standard, and the army marched in by the gate of the draw-bridge and kept it5 days, during which time they ravaged the island and destroyed all its villages, and also the Franciscan friary which stood near the castle. The fortress was doubly warded with two strong piles or castles, with walls and barbicans ; the halls and offices they quite destroyed They found in the island a considerable quantity of malt, barley and salt. O'Driscoirs chief galley of thirty oars, was taken, and above three or four score pinnaces, of which fifty wei'e burned, and the great galley was carried to Waterford. They also destroyed another castle of O'DriscoU's seated in an island called Inchipite. They set fire to Baltimore, and broke down another castle there belonging to O'DriscoU ; William Grant, one of the seamen was on the top of one of the castles, which being all on fire under him, he stood upon a pinnacle and cried out for assistance ; upon which one Butler tied a small cord to an arrow and shot it up to Grant, by means of which cord he drew up a rope, which he fastened to the pinnacle and slid down safe to his companions ; after this the army arrived safe in Waterford. 1539 This summer was so dry in Ireland, that the Lee at Cork was almost dried up, and several other rivers also, for want of rain. Tlie autumn was veiy sickly, fevers being everywhere, whereof many died. lOil The bishop of Cork and Ross, the bishop of Waterford, toge-

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 60

    As the companion tells it

    Baltimore is the town you are passing through. In 1537, Waterford forces came here and anchored under a castle defended with artillery. They fired at it all night, but at daybreak the garrison fled. The Waterford men landed in good order on the island of Inishercan and besieged a fortress called the castle of Dunalong, the ship castle. The seamen entered by the small port and set up Saint George's standard, and the army marched in by the draw-bridge gate and held it for 5 days. In that time they ravaged the island, destroyed all its villages, and destroyed the Franciscan friary that stood near the castle. The fortress had two strong castles with walls and barbicans. The halls and offices they quite destroyed. They found a considerable quantity of malt, barley, and salt. O'Driscoll's chief galley of 30 oars was taken, and above three or four score pinnaces, of which 50 were burned. The great galley was carried to Waterford. They also destroyed another castle of O'Driscoll's seated in an island called Inchipite. They set fire to Baltimore and broke down another castle there belonging to O'Driscoll. William Grant, one of the seamen, was on the top of one of the castles, which being all on fire under him, he stood upon a pinnacle and cried out for assistance. One Butler tied a small cord to an arrow and shot it up to Grant. By means of that cord Grant drew up a rope, fastened it to the pinnacle, and slid down safe to his companions. After this the army arrived safe in Waterford.

56. Battle of Glanmire: soldiers' mutiny suppressed

    near Glanmire · town · Cork · 1716

    On 11 June 1716, the Battle of Glanmire was fought when soldiers of a regiment stationed in the old barracks at Cork mutinied over unpaid arrears, marched to Glanmire, and were pursued by another regiment landed at the Cove of Cork. The mutineers, led by a Dutchman named John Christopher Gurry, made a resolute defence but were defeated; Gurry and two ringleaders were tried by court-martial and shot at Gallows Green.

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    The battle of Glanmire was fought on Saturday, the 11th of June. It was occasioned by the soldiers of the regiment who lay in the old barrack, who turned out for their arrears and pay, which were detained from them for some time. They marched out of the

    126 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    Glanmire saw battle on Saturday 11 June 1716. Soldiers from the old barracks in Cork, their pay detained for some time, marched out over arrears. A Dutchman named John Christopher Gurry led them. Another regiment landed at the Cove of Cork pursued and defeated them. Gurry and 2 ringleaders were tried by court-martial and shot at Gallows Green.

57. Cork-Dublin coach attacked between Cahir and Cashel

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    The Cork and Dublin coach was attacked around two o'clock at night between Cahir and Cashel, with seven shots fired from behind hedges. The coachman received two slugs in his head but continued driving to Cashel; the road had been blocked with cars and tree trunks.

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    6. — The Cork and Dublin coach was attacked about two o'clock this night between Caher and Cashel, when seven shots were fired from behind the hedges, the coachman received two slugs in his head, but notwithstanding drove on to Cashel. The road had been previously impeded by cars and trunks of trees placed across.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 151

    As the companion tells it

    Near Caher, on the road toward Cashel, the Cork and Dublin coach was attacked about 2 o'clock at night. 7 shots were fired from behind the hedges. The coachman took 2 slugs in his head but drove on to Cashel. The road had been blocked beforehand with cars and trunks of trees laid across it.

58. Dangerous open pump wells in Cork city streets

    Cork · city · Cork · 1815

    New pump wells in Cork city were left open and unguarded, exposing inhabitants to falling into deep water pits during dark winter nights. The Mercantile Chronicle complained of the negligence.

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    10. — -The negligent manner, in which the new pump wells of this city were left open, was complained of in the Merca?itile Chronicle of this date ; the inhabitants being exposed to the danger of being precipitated, during the dark winter nights, into enormous pits of water, which lay open like traps in the most frequented streets,

    12. — On this night and the following morning there was very heavy rain, and a great flood in the river, by which much damage was done in the city and its neighbourhood ; several of the bridges in the counties of Cork and Kerry suffered materially, particularly those on the line of road from this city to Tralee.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    In 1815, the new pump wells of Cork were left open, and the Mercantile Chronicle complained of the negligence. In the dark winter nights, inhabitants were exposed to the danger of being precipitated into "enormous pits of water, which lay open like traps in the most frequented streets." That same month, heavy rain fell through a night and the following morning. A great flood rose in the river, and much damage was done in the city and its neighbourhood. Several bridges in the counties of Cork and Kerry suffered materially, particularly those on the line of road from Cork to Tralee.

59. Duke of Ormond visits Kinsale fort

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1666

    During his progress, the Duke of Ormond went to Kinsale, dined with Mr. Southwell, visited the fort, and returned the same afternoon to Cork, attended by the Earl of Orrery and local nobility.

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    1666 August — The duke of Ormond visited Cork and Kinsale, on his progress from Kilkenny. He lay the first night in Cashel, at the archbishop's, from which he went to the earl of Orrery's house at Charleville, where he was nobly entertained. He next proceeded to Cork, and lay at the bishop's palace. On the following day he went to Kinsale, and dined with Mr. Southwell, and having visited the fort, he returned the same afternoon to Cork. During his progress through this county, he was attended by the earl of Orrery, the nobility and chief gentiy of the county, and by the horse militia of each barony through which he passed.

    1(367 In a grant of this date to colonel Francis Willoughby, a special

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    In August 1666, the Duke of Ormond came through Kinsale on his progress from Kilkenny. He had spent his first night in Cashel at the archbishop's, then gone to the Earl of Orrery's house at Charleville, where he was nobly entertained. He proceeded next to Cork and lay at the bishop's palace. The following day he went to Kinsale and dined with Mr. Southwell. Having visited the fort, he returned the same afternoon to Cork. Throughout his progress through the county, he was attended by the Earl of Orrery, the nobility and chief gentry of the county, and by the horse militia of each barony through which he passed.

60. Family seeks refuge at Kinsale garrison

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    After fleeing Red Abbey in Cork, the woman and her family traveled ten miles to Kinsale in perpetual fear of being fetched back. They arrived safely at the garrison where her husband was waiting in despair, unable to assist them.

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    So soon as I had finished my letter, I sent it by a faithful servant, who was letdown the garden-wall of Red Abbey, and, sheltered by the darkness of the night, he made his escape. I immediately packed up my husband's cabinet, with all his writings, and near 1000^. in gold and silver, and all other things both of clothes, linen, and household stuff that were portable, of value ; and then, about three o'clock in the morning, by the light of a taper, and in that pain I was in, I went into the market place, with only a man and maid, and passing through an unruly tumult with their swords in their hands, searched for their chief commander Jeifries, who, whilst he was loyal, had received many civilities from your father. I told him it was necessary that upon that change I should remove, and I desired his pass that would be obeyed, or else I must remain there : I hoped he would not deny me that kindness. He instantly wrote me a pass, both for myself, family, and goods, and said he would never forget the respect he owed your father. With this, I came through thousands of naked swords to Red Abbey, and hired the next neighbour's cart, which carried all that I could remove ; and myself, sister, and little girl Nan, with three maids and two men, set forth at five o'clock in November, having but two horses amongst us all, which we rid on by turns. In this sad condition I left Red Abbey, with as many goods as were worth £100, which could not be removed, and so were plundered. We went ten miles to Kinsale, in perpetual fear of being fetched back again; but, by little and little, I thank God, we got safe to the garrison, where I found. your father the most disconsolate man in the world, for fear of his family, which he had no possibility to assist : but his joys exceeded to see me and his darling daughter, and to hear the wonderful escape we, through the assistance of God, has made."

    A Cromwellian of the day describes the surprize of the governor of Cork, at the taking of that city by the parliamentary forces, in the following strain of

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale is a town the road passes through or near. This is where a family found refuge after a desperate flight from Cork. A woman had been at Red Abbey in Cork. She sent a faithful servant over the garden wall, sheltered by the darkness of the night, and he made his escape. Then she packed her husband's cabinet, with all his writings, and near 1000 pounds in gold and silver, and all the portable things of value she could manage. At three in the morning, by the light of a taper, she went into the market place with only a man and a maid, passing through an unruly tumult of men with swords in their hands, searching for their chief commander Jeifries. He had received many civilities from her father while he was loyal. She told him she must remove, and asked for his pass that would be obeyed. He instantly wrote her a pass for herself, her family, and her goods, and said he would never forget the respect he owed her father. She came back through thousands of naked swords to Red Abbey, hired the next neighbour's cart, and set forth at five o'clock in November. She had with her her sister, little girl Nan, three maids, and two men, with only two horses among them all, which they rode by turns. She left goods worth 100 pounds behind, which were plundered. They went ten miles to Kinsale, in perpetual fear of being fetched back again. By little and little, they got safe to the garrison, where she found her husband the most disconsolate man in the world, for fear of his family, which he had no possibility to assist. But his joys exceeded to see her and his darling daughter, and to hear the wonderful escape they had made.