The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Felons escape Cork south gaol through sewer

   Cork · city · Cork · 1787

   Three felons under sentence of transportation escaped from the south gaol in Cork by fleeing through the sewer, wading across the river at low water to the north side with bar-bolts on them. They were afterwards recaptured.

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   26. — Three felons in the south gaol, under sentence of transportation, escaped from their dungeon through the sewer, and getting into the river at low water, waded across to the north side, with bar-bolts on them. They were afterwards taken.

   Oct. 1. — This day the mayor and sheriffs were sworn into office; after which the corporation, with the city regalia and an elegant band of music, and the sub-corporations, walked to the north and south gates, which being locked, the keys were given by the late to the new mayor, who opened them. On their return to the Exchange the late mayor was placed in an elegant chair with a canopy of laurels, and carried by his fellow-citizens to the extremity of the city, amid loud and sincere plaudits. The procession continued till ten at night, during which time the mayor continued with his hat off, bowing to all ranks and orders of the people ; several houses were brilliantly illuminated, and a great number of flambeaux, which were provided by the citizens, added to the brilliancy of the scene. The ridiculous custom of throwing bran was dropped, a practice which had continued from time immemorial.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 128

   As the companion tells it

   In 1787, three felons in the south gaol of Cork, under sentence of transportation, escaped from their dungeon through the sewer. They got into the river at low water and waded across to the north side, still wearing bar-bolts. They were afterwards taken. That October the first, the mayor and sheriffs were sworn into office. The corporation, with the city regalia and an elegant band of music, and the sub-corporations, walked to the north and south gates. The gates being locked, the keys were given by the late mayor to the new mayor, who opened them. On their return to the Exchange, the late mayor was placed in an elegant chair with a canopy of laurels, and carried by his fellow-citizens to the extremity of the city, amid loud and sincere plaudits. The procession continued till ten at night. The mayor kept his hat off, bowing to all ranks and orders of the people. Several houses were brilliantly illuminated, and a great number of flambeaux, provided by the citizens, added to the brilliancy of the scene. The ridiculous custom of throwing bran was dropped, a practice which had continued from time immemorial.

2. French prisoners escape Kinsale prison, recaptured at Innishannon

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1795

   French prisoners confined in Kinsale attempted to escape through the prison sewer. Five of them were pursued and taken the next day at Innishannon.

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   Sept. 10.— A number of French prisoners confined in Kinsale, attempted to escape through the sewer of the prison ; but being pursued, five of them were taken the next day at Innoshannon,

   Dec. 14. — A French fleet, consisting of 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels, sailed, from Brest with 25,000 troops. The signal having been given for sailing out through the Passage de Raz, La Fraternite frigate, with the admiral and general Hoche on board, and a few other ships succeeded ; but it was by the Passage de Flotes that the greater part of the fleet bore out to sea, and the first division - being unable to join them, in consequence of a gale of wind coming on, the admiral's vessel was separated from the rest of the fleet. Several of the ships were wrecked ; the remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but having mistaken the Durseys for the Mizenhead,didnotreachBantry-bayuntilthe 24th. On the morning of the 23d, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts which arrived of a large fleet having been seen off Bantry. The militia and fencible regiments were immediately despatched to this town, whilst the loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms, and a detachment of cavalry from both escorted the artillery to Bandon, and other parties of them went off to the different towns of

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 133

   As the companion tells it

   Kinsale, a town the road passes through. In September 1795, French prisoners confined here attempted to escape through the sewer of the prison. They were pursued, and five of them were taken the next day at Innishannon. That December, a French fleet sailed from Brest with 25,000 troops: 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels. The signal was given to sail out through the Passage de Raz. La Fraternite frigate, carrying the admiral and General Hoche, and a few other ships succeeded. But the greater part of the fleet bore out by the Passage de Flotes, and a gale separated the admiral's vessel from the rest. Several ships were wrecked. The remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but mistook the Durseys for the Mizenhead and did not reach Bantry Bay until the 24th. On the morning of the 23rd, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts of a large fleet seen off Bantry. Militia and fencible regiments were dispatched to Bantry. The loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms, and cavalry escorted the artillery to Bandon.

3. Friendly Club monopoly challenged in quo warranto against Mayor Allen

   Cork · city · Cork · 1817

   Serjeant Joy argued at the Court of King's Bench for a quo warranto against Edward Allen, Mayor of Cork, challenging the validity of a bye-law that contracted the number of persons eligible for office through the monopolising Friendly Club. The Chief Justice ruled there was enough to put the bye-law in question.

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   May 13. — This day Serjeant Joy endeavoured to shew cause, why a conditional order, (which had been obtained, at the suit of Mr. Travers, in the previous term, in the Court of King's Bench, for a quo warranto against Edward Allen, esq. mayor I of Cork,) should not be made absolute ; when, after much argument on both sides, the application was granted by the chief justice, who thus expressed himself: — "It appears to us that enough has been shewn to put the bye law in question in a train of legal inquiry as to its validity, and that the number of persons eligible has been contracted ; and if this shall be found to be the case, there can be no doubt but it is an illegal bye law."

   25. — A most destructive fire in a house near the post-office, in Charleville, which consumed the three adjoining houses.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 155

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1817, was the setting for a legal challenge to the hold its Friendly Club had over public office. On May 13, Serjeant Joy sought to show cause why a conditional order, obtained the previous term at the suit of Mr. Travers in the Court of King's Bench, for a quo warranto against Edward Allen, Mayor of Cork, should not be made absolute. The order had been obtained in the previous term, and now, after much argument on both sides, the application was granted. The Chief Justice said: "It appears to us that enough has been shewn to put the bye law in question in a train of legal inquiry as to its validity, and that the number of persons eligible has been contracted; and if this shall be found to be the case, there can be no doubt but it is an illegal bye law." The Friendly Club's grip on office would face legal scrutiny.

4. HMS Bristol arrives in Cove as convoy for America troops

   Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1776

   His Majesty's ship Bristol, of 50 guns commanded by Sir Peter Parker, arrived in Cove as convoy to troops bound for America under the command of Lord Cornwallis. This reflects Cork's role as a military embarkation point.

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   22. — About seven o'clock this night the marquis of Rockingham transport, from Portsmouth, with three companies of the 32d regiment and their baggage on board, besides women and children, was in a heavy gale of wind driven into Roberts's cove, and at three the following morning was dashed to pieces on the rocks, and every soul on board perished, except three officers and about thirty privates and two of the crew. The officers who jDerished were lieutenant Marsh and ensign Sandiman, besides the wives of lieutenant Marsh and Dr. Barker. The officers saved were captain Glover, lieutenants Booth and Carter, andt'ie doctor's mate. 'Tis impossible to paint the distress of the officers and soldiers who were saved, the greatest part of whom being cast on the rocks had their flesh torn in a shocking manner, and instead of receiving the least assistance from the inhabitants, were attacked by a great number of the common people, who carried off every article that could be saved out of the wreck. 1776 Jan. 6. — His majesty's ship Bristol, 50 guns, commanded by

   Sir Peter Parker, arrived in Cove, as convoy to the troops bound to America, then imder the command of lord Cornwallis.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

   As the companion tells it

   The road passes near Cobh. In 1776 His Majesty's ship Bristol, 50 guns, commanded by Sir Peter Parker, arrived in Cove as convoy to troops bound for America under Lord Cornwallis. Cork served as a military embarkation point, and this was one of the movements that passed through it. The record also tells of another ship. About seven o'clock one night the transport Marquis of Rockingham, from Portsmouth, with three companies of the 32nd regiment, their baggage, women and children aboard, was driven by a heavy gale into Roberts's Cove. At three the following morning she was dashed to pieces on the rocks. Every soul perished except three officers, about thirty privates, and two of the crew. The officers who perished were Lieutenant Marsh and Ensign Sandiman, and the wives of Lieutenant Marsh and Dr. Barker. The officers saved were Captain Glover, Lieutenants Booth and Carter, and the doctor's mate. The survivors, cast on the rocks, their flesh torn, received no assistance from the inhabitants. Instead, a great number of the common people attacked them and carried off every article that could be saved from the wreck.

5. Hurricane devastates Cork city buildings

   Cork · city · Cork

   A tremendous hurricane struck Cork, stripping roofs and blowing down chimneys across the city. The south military hospital had its roof driven in, killing three men and injuring others, while the new barrack and St. Ann Shandon church were also stripped of their coverings.

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   Dec. 15. — A tremendous hurricane commenced about eleven o'clock this night, and continued, without intermission, until late the following day. The roofs of a vast number of houses were stript of their coverings, and a great number of chimneys blown down. In the south military hospital a considerable part of the roof was driven in, three men killed, and others severely hurt ; the new barrack was stript of some of its heavy covering of ton slate ; the parish church of St. Ann Shandon was also stript ; and in the neighbourhood of the city several stacks of hay and corn were prostrated and scattered. Three ships were driven ashore in Cusquinny bay, and one at Aghada, and several others injured. This storm was very general, being also in Dublin, Limerick, &:c.

   The Society of Arts was established this year for the advance- ^^^^ ment of painting and sculpture, and was at first liberally encouraged. George 4th, when Prince Regent, presented this Society, in 1820, with a very valuable collection of casts from the antique ; the students were nuftierous, and were instructed in drawing; and a course of lectures on anatomy, as connected with the art of design, was regularly delivered ; but the funds becoming in a few years insufficient to defray the expenses, the casts were transferred to the Royal Cork Institution.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 151

   As the companion tells it

   Cork took a tremendous hurricane on the night of December 15. It began about eleven o'clock and did not stop until late the following day. The roofs of a vast number of houses were stripped of their coverings, and a great number of chimneys were blown down across the city. In the south military hospital, a considerable part of the roof was driven in. Three men were killed, and others were severely hurt. The new barrack was stripped of some of its heavy covering of ton slate. The parish church of St. Ann Shandon was also stripped. In the neighbourhood of the city, several stacks of hay and corn were prostrated and scattered. Three ships were driven ashore in Cusquinny bay, and one at Aghada, and several others were injured. The storm was very general, being also in Dublin and Limerick. Cork had felt its share of the destruction before the wind finally let up late that next day.

6. King James II lands at Kinsale and hears mass at Cork Franciscan abbey

   Cork · city · Cork · 1689

   King James landed at Kinsale and arrived at Cork, where he heard mass in a chapel belonging to a Franciscan monastery on the north side of the city, supported by two Franciscan friars. The abbey, founded by Mac Carthy More in 1231 or by Philip Prendergast in 1240, was called the 'mirror of Ireland' and possessed a celebrated spring believed to cure sore eyes through St. Francis's intercession.

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   March 12. — King James landed at Kinsale, and soon after arrived at Cork, where on the following Sunday, he heard mass in a chapel belonging to a monastery on the north side of the city of Cork. He was supported through the streets of the city by two Franciscan friars, and attended by many others of the same order in their habits. This abbey, according to Wadding, was founded by Mac Carthy More in 1231; but Ware says in 1240 by Philip Prendergast. From the strict discipline observed here, it acquired the name of the my-ror of Ireland. Here was a most stately church, where several of the principal persons of Munster were interred, and near it was a celebrated spring, which the friars pretended had the virtue of cimng sore eyes, by the miraculous intercession of St. Francis. The possessions of this house were granted by queen Elizabeth to Andrew Skiddy, who assigned them to the earl of Cork, by whom they were given to his son lord Broghill, afterwards carl of Orrerj-.

   May 1. — Admiral Herbert being on the south coast of Ireland, discovered the French fleet at anchor in Bantry bay ; but after several ineffectual attempts to engage them at advantage, he was compelled to stand out to sea, as well to get his ships into line, as to gain the wind of the enemy ; but he fovmd them so cautious in bearing down that he could not get an opportunity of doing so; in consequence of which he continued battering upon a stretch till five in the afternoon, when the French admiral stood into the bay. Admiral Herbert's ship, and some others, being disabled in their rigging, could not follow them, but continued for some time before the bay, and the admiral gave them a shot at parting.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 90

   As the companion tells it

   Cork has a story from 1689. On March 12 of that year, King James landed at Kinsale and soon after arrived at Cork. On the following Sunday, he heard mass in a chapel belonging to a monastery on the north side of the city. He was supported through the streets of Cork by two Franciscan friars, and many others of the same order attended him in their habits. The abbey itself had a long history behind it. According to Wadding, it was founded by Mac Carthy More in 1231. Ware says it was founded in 1240 by Philip Prendergast. From the strict discipline observed there, it acquired the name of the mirror of Ireland. It had a most stately church, where several of the principal persons of Munster were interred. Near the abbey was a celebrated spring. The friars claimed it had the virtue of curing sore eyes, by the miraculous intercession of St. Francis. The possessions of this house were later granted by Queen Elizabeth to Andrew Skiddy. He assigned them to the earl of Cork, who gave them to his son Lord Broghill, afterwards earl of Orrery. So the Franciscan house passed out of the friars' hands, but in 1689 it still stood, and King James knelt there to hear mass, with friars walking beside him through the streets of the city.

7. Royal army diverted to Youghal and supplies seized

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1603

   Sir Charles Wilmot's army was refused full entry to Cork and marched to Youghal under an agreement for supplies to be sent by sea. Citizens unloaded the vessels, seized powder, and reneged on the agreement despite being paid.

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   A;^D. the army marched to Youghal, upon condition that the king's stores should be sent them by sea, they miloadecl the vessel that were to have brought them, and seized upon two lasts of the powder on pretence of keeping it for the freight, although they had received an exorbitant sum for that service. On Easter clay a letter was delivered to the citizens from the lord lieutenant, informing them that the lord president's patent and those of the commissioners were renewed ; but they refused to acknowledge any other than the mayor's authority, who compared himself to the Doge of Venice, and appointed Gold and Terry captains over two companies, consisting of 100 men each, to whom one shilling per diem was paid, and who were billeted upon the citizens. They suffered no person to go to mass but such as swore to maintain their religion. They took several proclaimed traitors into pay, and offered anns to all such as would come into the city and enlist themselves in their cause. They fired with the king's artillery upon Shandon castle, where the lady Carew then lay, they also shot at the bishop's palace in which the commissioners were assembled. Near this last place they killed a reverend and aged divine one Mr. Rutclidge, who walking alone was made a special mark by the rebels to shoot at. They turned out all such English inhabitants as would not join them, and pillaged their houses. They wounded a servant of the bishop, and told him if they had the traitor his master in their power he should not escape death. The commissioners, finding no good was to be done by treaty, sent to Haulbowline for artillery, but the citizens having notice of their design, manned some boats under the command of William Terry to take that fort, or, if possible, to intercept the artillery; and in this attempt on the fort there were several killed on both sides ; but the guns came safe to the commissioners' camp, which so terrified them, that they agreed to a cessation till the arrival of the lord lieutenant who was then upon his march towards the city, having previously written a second letter, reproving them for setting up the mass i)y their own authority, for their insolence in stopping hia majesty's stores and artillery from being sent to Haulbowline, and attempting to get them into their hands. At the same time

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 73

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Youghal, in 1603, was where Sir Charles Wilmot's army came after being refused full entry to Cork. The army marched to the town on condition the king's stores would be sent by sea. But the citizens unloaded the vessels and seized two lasts of powder, claiming to keep it for the freight, though they had already received an exorbitant sum for that service. On Easter day a letter arrived from the lord lieutenant, informing the citizens that the lord president's patent and those of the commissioners had been renewed. They refused to acknowledge any authority but the mayor's, who compared himself to the Doge of Venice. He appointed Gold and Terry captains over two companies of 100 men each, paid one shilling per diem and billeted upon the citizens. They allowed no one to go to mass without swearing to maintain their religion. They took several proclaimed traitors into pay and offered arms to all who would enlist. They fired the king's artillery upon Shandon castle, where Lady Carew then lay, and shot at the bishop's palace where the commissioners were assembled. Near that place they killed an aged divine, Mr. Rutclidge, walking alone, made a special mark by the rebels. They turned out all English inhabitants who would not join them and pillaged their houses. They wounded the bishop's servant and told him if they had his master in their power he should not escape death. The commissioners sent to Haulbowline for artillery. The citizens, having notice, manned boats under William Terry to take the fort or intercept the guns. Several were killed on both sides, but the guns came safe to the commissioners' camp, which so terrified the citizens that they agreed to a cessation until the lord lieutenant, already marching toward the city, arrived. He had written a second letter reproving them for setting up mass by their own authority and stopping the king's stores.

8. Sir Maurice Desmond slain in Muskerry

   near Muskerry · street · Cork

   Sir Maurice of Desmond, called the murderer for killing his nephew James, marched from his estate in Kerricurrihy to plunder the MacCarthys of Muskerry. He was pursued and captured by his son-in-law Sir Dennot Mac Teig Carthy, but was then killed by his guards.

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   Sir Maurice of Desmond, commonly called the murderer, from his having killed his nephew James, being eighty years of age, assembled his followers, and marched from his estate in Kerricurrihy, to prey upon the Mac C arty' s of Mu skerry; but as he was carrying off his booty, he was pursued by his son-in-law. Sir Dennot Mac Teig Carthy, who fell upon the plunderers, routed them, and took Sir Maurice prisoner, whom he gave in charge to some of his men, while he, with others, pursued the rest of the flying party ; in the mean time the persons who were left to guard him, fell on him and slew him ; Providence having thus revenged the innocent blood of James, his nephew.

   Daniel Mac Carty More, being encouraged by O'Neil's 1567 rebellion in the north, despised his new title of earl of Clancarre, and assumed that of king of Munster, and confederating with O'Siillivan More, Mac Swiney, and others, with banners displayed, marched over the Blackwater, invaded the lord Roche's country, destroj'ed all his corn with 700 sheep, and carried off 1500 cows, killing several men, women and children.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 62

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about Muskerry, Sir Maurice of Desmond met his end. He was commonly called the murderer, from his having killed his nephew James. He was eighty years of age when he assembled his followers and marched from his estate in Kerricurrihy, to prey upon the MacCarthys of Muskerry. But as he was carrying off his booty, he was pursued by his son-in-law, Sir Dennot Mac Teig Carthy, who fell upon the plunderers, routed them, and took Sir Maurice prisoner. Sir Dennot gave him in charge to some of his men to guard him, while he, with others, pursued the rest of the flying party. In the meantime, the persons who were left to guard him fell on him and slew him. The record says, "Providence having thus revenged the innocent blood of James, his nephew."

9. Starving workers protest in northern suburbs of Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1801

   With provisions very dear, starving workers and labourers collected in the northern suburbs of Cork. A deputation lamented the want of employment and high prices; a committee was appointed to procure corn supplies and establish soup-houses.

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   24. — Provisions being at this time very dear, a number of starving artists and labourers collected in the northern suburbs, but upon being recommended to disperse, they selected a deputation, which attended at the mansion house, and piteously lamented the want of employment, and the enormous price of provisions. General Myers, who was present, exhorted them to behave peaceably, and their wants should be taken into consideration. In consequence a committee was appointed to procure a regular supply of corn in the public markets, to examine into the high price of provisions, and consider how far the evil might be remedied, to provide additional soup-houses, and to ascertain who required assistance. The corn-holders and millers also came forward, and pledged themselves not to permit any grain to be sent from the city.

   March 5. — In the Hibernian Chronicle of this date, it was stated, that there had not been a boy in St. Stephen's, or the Blue coat hospital for two years past, in consequence of the income of the charity being spent in repairing the building.

   Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 136

   As the companion tells it

   In 1801, provisions in Cork were very dear, and a number of starving workers and labourers collected in the northern suburbs. They were recommended to disperse, and instead they selected a deputation, which attended at the Mansion House and piteously lamented the want of employment and the enormous price of provisions. General Myers, who was present, exhorted them to behave peaceably, and told them their wants should be taken into consideration. A committee was then appointed to procure a regular supply of corn in the public markets, to examine into the high price of provisions, and to consider how far the evil might be remedied. The same committee was to provide additional soup-houses and to ascertain who required assistance. The corn-holders and millers came forward as well, and pledged themselves not to permit any grain to be sent from the city.

10. Weavers' protest procession to gallows in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1754

    About 400 journeymen weavers and combers marched in procession to the gallows carrying a ragged fleece, with mourning artisans in the cavalcade. They hanged and burnt an effigy dressed in chintz and foreign cotton, protesting against imported textiles.

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    July 23. — About 400 journeymen, weavers and combers, walked in procession to the gallows with a fleece all ragged and decayed carried before them ; some poor artists in mourning appeared in the cavalcade, they hanged and afterwards burnt at the gallows, an effigy dressed up in chintz and foreign cotton.

    A.ug. 18. — Samuel Levy, a Jew, was baptized in Peter's church, by the bishop of Cork.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 100

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1754. On July 23, about 400 journeymen weavers and combers walked in procession to the gallows, carrying before them a fleece all ragged and decayed. Some poor artists in mourning appeared in the cavalcade. They hanged and afterwards burnt at the gallows an effigy dressed up in chintz and foreign cotton.

11. Yeomanry assembled in Patrick-street, Cork, during invasion alarm

    Patrick Street · street · Cork

    General Campbell received an express reporting ships disembarking troops in Sligo Bay, causing the Cork garrison to turn out. The yeomanry corps assembled to 1200 men in Patrick-street, and two regiments marched to Mallow before the alarm proved false.

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    21. — At a late hour this night. General Campbell received an express, announcing that three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo bay. In consequence of the alarm which was caused by this infonnation, the garrison of this City was turned out, and at two o'clock, the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery, were in marching order ; shortly after the yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick-street ; about three o'clock, lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, which were very necessary, as all the city lamps had been by some chance extinguished. A little before day-break two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched to Mallow, when the garrison duty devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. The arrival of an express about half-past three in the afternoon, stating that the ships were three of our own frigates, put an end to the alarm. In Cove also much anxiety was evinced ; and such men of war as were then in the harbour prepared to put to sea. As the wind was unfavourable it became necessary to tow the ships out, in which all the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted.

    23. — ^The troops which had marched to Mallow returned ; on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 139

    As the companion tells it

    General Campbell received an express at a late hour on the 21st, announcing that three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo Bay. The alarm turned out the garrison of Cork, and by two o'clock the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery were in marching order. Shortly after, the yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick Street. About three o'clock, lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, necessary because all the city lamps had been by some chance extinguished. A little before daybreak two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched to Mallow, and the garrison duty devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. An express about half-past three in the afternoon stated that the ships were three of our own frigates, and that put an end to the alarm. In Cove also much anxiety was evinced, and such men of war as were then in the harbour prepared to put to sea. The wind was unfavourable, so the ships had to be towed out, and all the fishermen and boatmen, and every person able to seize an oar, assisted. On the 23rd the troops which had marched to Mallow returned, and on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

12. Cork suburbs laid waste; king grants cocquet custom for rebuilding walls

    Cork · city · Cork · 1462

    The land anciently belonging to the citizens of Cork, called 'the suburbs,' extended a mile from both parts of the city. It had been totally laid waste by the Irish before 1462, prompting the king to forgive rent arrears and grant a custom called cocquet for rebuilding the city walls.

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    The land which anciently belonged to the citizens of Cork, was in 1462, understood to extend a mile "from both parts" of the city. So much at all events had then remained to them. It was called " the suburbs" ; but had some years before been totally laid waste by the Irish; in consideration of which, the king forgave them all arrears of rent, and granted them a certain custom called cocquet, for rebuilding their walls ; and this they were to receive until they could travel a mile round the city in safety.

    In the middle ages, the cities of Europe were agitated by violent intestine factions. Within their walls stood many castles, in which the principal citizens resided, and which were built for security against sudden ebullitions of popular violence. We find no account of a similar state of things in our cities and towns. Yet we know that John Skiddy, in 1 445, built in the main street of Cork, the castle called after his name. It was a large high tower similaj- to those of the country, and remained until 1785.* It is hardly possible that the citizens could quite so soon have been divided by the claims of York and Lancaster, which some years afterwards aroused all Ireland. However, in 1492, the city of Cork, very imprudently took the lead in support of Perkin Warbeck. The result was, that Walters, a principal citizen, was summoned to Dublin by the Irish parliament, was there seized, sent to London, tried and executed. The city was involved in

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 23

    As the companion tells it

    Cork's suburbs once stretched a mile from both parts of the city, land belonging to the citizens. By 1462, that land had been totally laid waste by the Irish. In consideration of this, the king forgave all arrears of rent and granted a custom called cocquet for rebuilding the city walls. The citizens were to receive it until they could travel a mile round the city in safety. In the middle ages, European cities were agitated by violent intestine factions. Within their walls stood many castles where principal citizens resided, built for security against sudden outbreaks of popular violence. No account of a similar state of things is found in Irish cities and towns. Yet John Skiddy built in the main street of Cork the castle called after his name, a large high tower similar to those of the country, which remained until 1785. It is hardly possible the citizens could have been so soon divided by the claims of York and Lancaster, which some years afterwards aroused all Ireland. In 1492, Cork imprudently took the lead in support of Perkin Warbeck. Walters, a principal citizen, was summoned to Dublin by the Irish parliament, seized, sent to London, tried, and executed.

13. Corn market built in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1740

    In 1740 the corn market was built in Cork, providing dedicated infrastructure for grain trade in the city. This was constructed during a year of great scarcity and poverty.

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    1740 The corn market was built.

    During the summer of this year there was a great scarcity, and nimibers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public iness in this city. There was a large pit dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    In 1740, Cork saw a corn market built for the city's grain trade. That same year brought great scarcity. Numbers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public mess in the city. A large pit was dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves.

14. Fire destroys Earl of Barrymore's house in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1771

    A dreadful fire broke out at night in the Cork house of the Earl of Barrymore, consuming the elegant edifice and all its out-offices. The building was said to have cost nearly £40,000.

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    July 21. — A dreadful fire broke out this night in the house of the earl of Barrymore, which consumed that elegant edifice with all the out offices. It was said to have cost near £40,000.

    Aug. 20. — A large body of weavers assembled in Paul street in order to take a man from the employment of ]\Ir. Sexton, in Paul's alley, to punish him for working contraiy to their rules, and meeting with a cart-load of camblets belonging to Mr. Sexton, they were in the act of destroying them, when sheriff Lucas, accidentally passing by, dispersed them all to the number of 200, without doing much mischief. They however gave the sheriff gi'oss language, and one of them took his sword from him, with which he made off, but was pursued by the sheriff, who soon seized him and committed him to gaol.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 111

    As the companion tells it

    In 1771, Cork was the scene of a terrible loss. On the 21st of July, a dreadful fire broke out at night in the house of the Earl of Barrymore. The flames consumed that elegant edifice along with all its out-offices. It was said the building had cost nearly £40,000. Just a month later, on the 20th of August, a large body of weavers assembled in Paul Street. They meant to take a man from the employment of Mr. Sexton, in Paul's alley, and punish him for working contrary to their rules. They came upon a cart-load of camblets belonging to Mr. Sexton and were in the act of destroying them when Sheriff Lucas, accidentally passing by, dispersed them all, to the number of 200, without much mischief being done. They gave the sheriff gross language, and one of them took his sword and made off. The sheriff pursued him, soon seized him, and committed him to gaol.

15. Lords justices visit Kinsale fort and review troops

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1698

    On 26 August the lords justices travelled to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridge's regiment of foot. This formed part of their inspection tour of military installations in County Cork.

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    ^ug. 25. — The marquis of Winchester and the earl of Galway lords justices, arrived at Cork. They were met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained, at the expense of £200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridge's regiment of foot. On the 28th, they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton, and the same day returned to Cork, where, after having taken a view of the Harbour, they were entertained by the bishop. On the following day they left Cork for Limerick.

    There were in this county 30 regular clergy and 97 seculars, of whom 75 were this year shipped off from Cork, their passage and provisions being paid for by act of parliament.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 95

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes near Kinsale. In August 1698, the lords justices, the Marquis of Winchester and the Earl of Galway, came to this town on an inspection of military installations in County Cork. They had arrived at Cork on the 25th, met by the bishop and clergy and received at the gates by the mayor and aldermen, who entertained them at a cost of 200 pounds. On the 26th they visited the fort and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridge's regiment of foot. Two days later they reviewed the royal regiment of foot under Colonel Hamilton, then returned to Cork, viewed the harbour, and were entertained by the bishop. They left for Limerick the next day. The county had 30 regular clergy and 97 seculars, and that year 75 of the seculars were shipped off from Cork, their passage and provisions paid by act of parliament.

16. Men of Cork attack English with spades and stones

    Cork · city · Cork

    At the time of the English invasion, the men of Cork attacked the English with spades and stones, reflecting how unprepared they were for resistance, having long been engaged in peaceable trade rather than warfare.

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    The Danes being probably acquainted by their experience abroad, with the best mode of fortifying themselves, surrounded their settlements with walls. At one tune they succeeded in subduing the whole of Ireland; but they were afterwards conquered in the country parts, and were able to maintain only their fortified towns, with more or less extent of territory. They formed however, potent septs in themselves, at various times, according to their power and temporary success ; and their governors or kings, as they called them, were deemed suitable alliances for the great native families: but their communities becoming gradually weaker, and applying themselves to commerce, they found it advisable to live as far as possible in peace with the natives; and as their kings had probably been only military conmianders, the towns at last became little republics, and were sometimes at war, and sometimes in alliance with the natives, and sometimes tributary to them; but were always of more relative importance in the country, than the towns of most other parts of Europe. These latter owed the rise of their importance to the patronage of their kings, who, wishing to rear a counterpoise to the power of the barons, raised the townsmen from the former servitude in which the lords had held them, and granted them immunities and domestic jurisdictions. A sense of their own importance was consequently of very slow growth : their representatives in the parliament of England continued to a very late period in great awe and submission to the will of their superiors ; but in Ireland the origin and subsequent state of their independence being totally different, their comparative importance in the social scale was much greater, as will presently appear; though at the time of the English invasion, having been settled in the country for some centuries, and being then engaged in the peaceable pursuits of trade, and accustomed only to the warfare of the natives, they were remarkably deficient in the means of resistance. We find the men of Cork attacking the English with spades and stones ; and it is not to be wondered at, that they were easily subjected with the rest of the country : yet as their avoca-

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through or near Cork, a city whose people once fought invaders with the tools of their trades. The Danes who settled here knew how to fortify. From experience abroad they surrounded their settlements with walls. At one time they subdued the whole of Ireland, but were later beaten in the country parts and held only their fortified towns. They grew into potent septs, and their kings were considered worthy allies for the great native families. Over time their communities grew weaker. They turned to commerce and found it wise to live in peace with the natives. Their kings had probably been military commanders, so the towns at last became little republics. They were sometimes at war with the natives, sometimes allied, sometimes paying tribute. But they carried more weight in the country than the towns of most other parts of Europe. In those other parts, towns rose because kings wanted a counterpoise to the barons. Kings raised townsmen from servitude and granted them immunities. In Ireland the origin of independence was different, and the towns' social importance was greater. When the English invasion came, the Danes had been settled for centuries. They were engaged in the peaceable pursuits of trade. They knew only the warfare of the natives. They were remarkably deficient in the means of resistance. The men of Cork attacked the English with spades and stones. It is not to be wondered at that they were easily subjected with the rest of the country.

17. Notorious smuggler Jack the Bachelor spotted near the Exchange

    Cork · city · Cork · 1772

    John Connor, alias Jack the Bachelor, a notorious smuggler with a government reward on his head, was spotted by soldiers at an alehouse near the Exchange in Cork. He escaped because soldiers could not get a magistrate's order for the main-guard in time.

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    12. — John Connor, alias Jack the Bachelor, the notorious smuggler, for whose apprehension the government had offered a large reward, was this day seen by some soldiers at an ale house near the Exchange in this city, and would have been taken if the soldiers had been aided by a party of the main-guard, which they applied for, but could not procure without an order from a magistrate ; in the mean time the fellov/ escaped.

    Aug. 1. — The army in garrison fired three volleys on the Mall, and the day was observed with other demonstrations of joy.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 113

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, 1772. John Connor, known as Jack the Bachelor, was a notorious smuggler, and the government had offered a large reward for his capture. Some soldiers spotted him at an alehouse near the Exchange. They would have taken him, but they needed a party of the main-guard to help, and that required an order from a magistrate. They applied for it, but could not get it in time. While they waited, Jack the Bachelor slipped away.

18. Sir Peter Carew claims ancient estate of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1568

    Sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors had been marquisses of Cork, came from England to claim the ancient estate of his family, comprising one half of the kingdom of Cork. He died before the prosecution concluded and the claim came to nothing.

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    Sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors had been fomierly marquisses of Cork, came over well recommended from England, to the council of Ireland, before whom he intended to have had a trial for the recoveiy of the antient estate of his family, which besides several lands in Leinster, was one half of the kingdom of Cork ; but Sir Peter dying, the prosecution came to nothing.

    Tracton Abbey was granted by Queen Elizabeth, to Henry Guilford gentleman, and Sir James Craig on their paying £7 15s. The abbots of it formerly sat in parliament. The monks pretended to have a piece of the cross, which they said Barry Oge at a great price obtained and gave to them. This was so firmly believed, that on every PI oly Thursday, vast multitudes resorted to pay their devotion to this supposed relick. From the monks having come from Alba Lauda in Wales, as is before related, this house was called De Alba Tractu.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 63

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a story from 1568. Sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors had been formerly marquisses of Cork, came over well recommended from England to the council of Ireland. He intended to have had a trial for the recovery of the ancient estate of his family, which besides several lands in Leinster, was one half of the kingdom of Cork. But Sir Peter dying, the prosecution came to nothing. His claim was vast, covering half the kingdom of Cork and lands beyond in Leinster. He had the backing of England behind him and a hearing before the council of Ireland ahead. None of it was ever settled, because he did not live to see it through.

19. Three prisoners escape from Cork city gaol

    Cork · city · Cork · 1787

    Three men under sentence of transportation ran out of Cork city gaol when the door was opened. Two were stopped by the sentinel on the bridge, but the third made his escape.

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    Sept. 9. — Three men under sentence of transportation ran out of the city gaol upon the door being opened ; two of them were however stopped by the centinel on the bridge, but the other made his escape.

    22. — As one of the sub- constables for the barony of Barrymore, and a corporal of the 47th regiment of foot, were conducting one Kelly to the county gaol, they were attacked at Dixon's glen, near upper Glanmire, by a riotous mob, consisting of sixty or seventy men, who endeavoured to rescue Kelly; they were all armed with muskets, blunderbusses and pistols, and were well supplied with ammunition, and kept up a constant running fire for about three miles with the corporal's party, who having alsokcptup a constant fire upon the rioters, expended all their ammunition except one round. They could not, however, do much execution, as the day was very wet, and as the rioters concealed themselves inside the hedges and ditches on each side of the road. One of Kelly's sons leaped into the road, fired at the party and wounded

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    In 1787, Cork saw a brief dash for freedom from its city gaol. On the 9th of September, three men under sentence of transportation ran out of the gaol the moment the door was opened. Two were stopped by the sentinel on the bridge, but the third made his escape. Thirteen days later, on the 22nd, another violent episode unfolded nearby. A subconstable for the barony of Barrymore and a corporal of the 47th regiment of foot were conducting a man called Kelly to the county gaol. At Dixon's glen, near upper Glanmire, they were attacked by a riotous mob of sixty or seventy men who tried to rescue Kelly. The mob were armed with muskets, blunderbusses and pistols, well supplied with ammunition, and kept up a constant running fire for about three miles. The corporal's party returned fire but spent all their ammunition except one round. They could not do much execution, as the day was very wet and the rioters hid themselves inside the hedges and ditches on each side of the road. One of Kelly's sons leaped into the road, fired at the party and wounded

20. Limerick impoverished by earl of Thomond's spoils, 1567

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1567

    Sidney found Limerick so impaired in wealth since he had last seen it in Queen Mary's reign that he was filled with astonishment. The decline was chiefly attributed to spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond.

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    Sir Henry Sidney made a jouniey through the kingdom in 1567; and from his letters to the English government, we learn many particulars regarding the condition of the towns at that time. The county of Tipperary was then in a state of devastation, and its corporate and well walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in great distress : their inhabitants were as men besieged, and ready either to famish within the walls, or abandon the places ; all trade and commerce was at a stand ; the country people dared not bring any thing to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, to buy any thing in the country, from the danger which both incurred of being plundered and killed. Of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, he tells us that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty, by speedy redress and ministering of justice did not prevent it. Limerick was so impaired in wealth since he saw it in queen Mary's reign, chiefly by reason of the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, as to fill him with astonishment. Galway he fovmd rather to resemble " a town of war, frontering upon an enemy, than a civil town in a country under one sovereign": "they watch," says he, "their walls mightily, and guard their gates daily, with armed men." They attributed their miseries to the disorders of the earl of Clanrickard's two sons, young boys, (whom he had by two wives both living,) each striving to be acknowledged as heir of his father, who at the same time was likely long to live.

    However, the towns seem not to have been prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilization and internal order. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, desires the reader not to impute any barbarous custom he should mention, to the citizens, townsmen, and inhabitants of the English pale ; and Sidney calls them nurseries of civilitv.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Sir Henry Sidney travelled through the kingdom in 1567, and what he saw of this city filled him with astonishment. He had been here before, in Queen Mary's reign, and the place had been far better off then. The wealth was gone, drained away chiefly by the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond. Sidney wrote to the English government about what he found, and his letters are where we learn of it. He was not speaking of this city alone. The county of Tipperary lay in devastation. Its walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard, were in great distress. Their inhabitants were like men besieged, ready either to famish within the walls or abandon the places altogether. All trade and commerce had stopped. The country people dared not bring anything to the towns, and the townsmen dared not go out to buy anything in the country, for the danger of being plundered and killed. Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, unless her majesty provided speedy redress and the ministering of justice. Galway, he found, resembled a town of war, fronting upon an enemy, rather than a civil town under one sovereign. They watched their walls mightily and guarded their gates daily with armed men. Yet Sidney called these towns nurseries of civility.

21. Servant of Richard Rowland attacked near Newgrove while valuing tithes

    Newgrove · townland · Cork · 1787

    Richard Rowland of Rathcooney went to value tithes at Whitechurch parish, leaving his servant with horses at Six-mile-bridge near Newgrove. Twelve men attacked the servant, dragged him through the river, beat him in the mountains, and bound him so he would have perished had a passerby not found him at nightfall.

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    ^ug, 9. — Mr. Richard Rowland of Rathcooney, having gone to value the tithes of the parish of Whitechurch, left his horses in the care of a servant at Six-mile-bridge near New-grove. Dming his absence the man was attacked by twelve fellows, who dragged him through the river, and carried him into the most remote part of the mountains of New-grove, where they beat him severely, and afterwards bound him in such a manner that he must have perished, had not a man by chance met him at night-fall and released him.

    30. — The mayor issued orders to prevent bells from being rung at auctions.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 127

    As the companion tells it

    Something happened close to Newgrove in 1787. On August 9, Richard Rowland of Rathcooney had gone to value the tithes of Whitechurch parish. He left his horses in the care of a servant at Six-mile-bridge. While he was away, 12 men attacked the servant. They dragged him through the river and carried him into the most remote part of the mountains, where they beat him severely and bound him in such a manner that he must have perished, had not a man by chance met him at nightfall and released him.

22. Transport ship Marquis of Rockingham wrecked at Roberts Cove

    Roberts' Cove · creek · Cork · 1775

    The transport ship Marquis of Rockingham, carrying three companies of the 32nd regiment plus women and children from Portsmouth, was driven into Roberts Cove in a gale and dashed to pieces on the rocks. Most perished; survivors were attacked and plundered by local people.

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    22. — About seven o'clock this night the marquis of Rockingham transport, from Portsmouth, with three companies of the 32d regiment and their baggage on board, besides women and children, was in a heavy gale of wind driven into Roberts's cove, and at three the following morning was dashed to pieces on the rocks, and every soul on board perished, except three officers and about thirty privates and two of the crew. The officers who jDerished were lieutenant Marsh and ensign Sandiman, besides the wives of lieutenant Marsh and Dr. Barker. The officers saved were captain Glover, lieutenants Booth and Carter, andt'ie doctor's mate. 'Tis impossible to paint the distress of the officers and soldiers who were saved, the greatest part of whom being cast on the rocks had their flesh torn in a shocking manner, and instead of receiving the least assistance from the inhabitants, were attacked by a great number of the common people, who carried off every article that could be saved out of the wreck. 1776 Jan. 6. — His majesty's ship Bristol, 50 guns, commanded by

    Sir Peter Parker, arrived in Cove, as convoy to the troops bound to America, then imder the command of lord Cornwallis.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Roberts' Cove, in 1775, a transport ship called the Marquis of Rockingham came to grief. She had sailed from Portsmouth carrying three companies of the 32nd regiment, their baggage, and a number of women and children. About seven o'clock one night a heavy gale drove her into the cove, and by three the next morning she was dashed to pieces on the rocks. Nearly everyone on board perished. Only three officers, about thirty privates, and two of the crew survived. Lieutenant Marsh and Ensign Sandiman died, along with the wives of Lieutenant Marsh and Doctor Barker. The officers saved were Captain Glover, Lieutenants Booth and Carter, and the doctor's mate. Many of the survivors were flung onto the rocks, their flesh torn in a shocking manner. They found no help from the people nearby. Instead, a great number of the common people attacked them and carried off every article that could be saved from the wreck.

23. All Kinsale troops marched to Bandon under arms, 1779

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1779

    Over 2000 troops stationed in Kinsale marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms on 1 June 1779 in response to the Bantry Bay fleet alarm.

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    A.D. transports, supposed to be French, was seen in Bantry bay. This communication threw the inliabitants into the greatest consternation. The commanders of the armed societies immediately ordered their drums to beat to arms, and in a very short space of time, the entire body collected again on the Mall. At seven in the evening, another express arrived from General Mocher, ordering the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale, and repair from thence to Bantry: this order was immediately complied with. A great mmiber of Roman Catholic gentlemen immediately offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellowcitizens, and were well received. The care of the city in the mean time devolved on the governor. The mayorsummoned a council, to consider what was necessary to be done on so alarming an occasion. The gentlemen of the True Blue society immediately took the guard, and " kept the police" in the greatest regularity for that night. Early on the following morning the Highland regiment returned to town, having received counter orders, as the express sent to Bantry had returned with an account that the alarm was groundless; the fleet having been found to be an English one which had fired several gmis in honor of the day. The lower classes of the people between this and Bandon shewed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, by offering them every provision their poor but hospitable cabins afforded. All the troops in Kinsale, consisting of upwards of 2000 men, marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms.

    18. — A cooper of the name of Morrogh, made his escape out of the North gaol by means of a false key. Three other criminals went off at the same time.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, a town the road passes through or near, was the staging point for a military alarm in the summer of 1779. Transports, supposed to be French, were seen in Bantry Bay, and the news threw the inhabitants into great consternation. The commanders of the armed societies ordered their drums to beat to arms, and in a very short time the entire body collected on the Mall. At seven in the evening an express arrived from General Mocher, ordering the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale and repair from there to Bantry. The order was complied with at once. A great number of Roman Catholic gentlemen offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellow citizens, and were well received. The mayor summoned a council to consider what was necessary on so alarming an occasion. The gentlemen of the True Blue society took the guard and, in the words of the record, "kept the police" in the greatest regularity for that night. The care of the city devolved on the governor. All the troops in Kinsale, consisting of upwards of 2000 men, marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms. The common people between Kinsale and Bandon showed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, offering them every provision their poor but hospitable cabins afforded. Early the following morning the Highland regiment returned to town, having received counter orders. The express sent to Bantry had come back with word that the alarm was groundless. The fleet had been found to be an English one, which had fired several guns in honour of the day.

24. Armed robbers torture and plunder house at Glanmire

    near Glanmire · town · Cork · 1775

    A number of villains attacked the house of Mr. Fowey at Glanmire, forcibly entered, and put him and his wife on the fire to confess where their money lay. After taking a few guineas, they stole a horse, loaded a car with household goods, and carried everything off.

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    JVov. 11. — A number of villains attacked the house of a Mr. Fowey at Glanmire, and forcibly entered the same. They then with the greatest barbarity put him and his wife on the lire to confess where their money lay, which happening to be but a few guineas, they brought a horse, which they had stolen, to the door, and yoked him to a car, which they loaded with beds, chairs, tables, &c. and carried off in triumph.

    Dec. — A second door was built to the South gaol, in order to separate the debtors from the criminals.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Glanmire, in Cork, was the scene of a brutal attack in November 1775. A number of villains broke into the house of a Mr. Fowey. They put him and his wife on the fire, demanding to know where their money lay. The couple had only a few guineas. The robbers then brought a stolen horse to the door, yoked it to a car, loaded it with beds, chairs, tables, and whatever else they could take, and carried everything off.

25. Boat races at Haulbowline with gentry and cannon

    near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork

    Boat races were held on Haulbowline island, with William Lombard styled governor of the day. A platform and picquet lines were erected for nobility and gentry, tents pitched with a cold collation, music and cannon batteries mounted, and yachts and boats filled the river. 160 turbots were killed during the day's festivities.

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    July 14. — The boat races at Haulbowlin commenced : the day was fine, and a brilliant concourse of people were assembled. The island having been previously taken possession of by AVilliam Lombard, who was stiled governor of the day, a platform was erected and surrounded with picquet lines to reserve the space within for the nobility and gentry. The governor's tents were pitched, and his tables being covered with a cold collation, a large band of music was in attendance, and batteries of cannon were mounted on the most advantageous ground in the island. The governor was dressed in a fancy habit, resembling a highland chieftain's dress. On the river wer5 a great number of yachts and boats, all filled with various parties vying with each other in gaiety of dress and cheerfulness of appearance. At 2 o'clock the signal was given for starting; one ten and two twelve oared barges contended for the first prize, and three eight oared boats for the second : 160 turbots were killed during this day.

    August 22 — This day a prisoner who was guarded by a party of the army from the city court house to the gaol, in attempting to make his escape, was by one of them run through the body, and killed on the spot.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    Haulbowline Island, out in Cork harbour, was the scene of a grand day of boat races on July 14. The island had been taken possession of by William Lombard, who was styled governor of the day. A platform was erected and surrounded with picquet lines to reserve the space within for the nobility and gentry. The governor's tents were pitched, and his tables covered with a cold collation. A large band of music was in attendance, and batteries of cannon were mounted on the most advantageous ground on the island. The governor was dressed in a fancy habit, resembling a highland chieftain's dress. On the river were a great number of yachts and boats, all filled with various parties vying with each other in gaiety of dress and cheerfulness of appearance. At 2 o'clock the signal was given for starting. One ten and two twelve oared barges contended for the first prize, and three eight oared boats for the second. During this day of festivities, 160 turbots were killed.

26. Boyne anniversary protesters caned in Cork streets

    Cork · city · Cork

    On the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne, about a dozen fellows paraded Cork city with white lilies in their hats to show dislike of the event, but were dispersed by gentlemen who gave them a caning. One protestor in Paul Street and Brown Street narrowly escaped punishment due only to his insignificance.

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    July 1. — Being the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, "about a dozen fellows (to use the language of a Cork Newspaper) paraded the city with M'hite lilies in their hats, to exhibit their dislike of the above memorable event, but were soon dispersed by some gentlemen who gave them a good caning. An ignorant little fribble who exhibited himself in Paul-street and Brown - street, with his bosom thus decorated, narrowly escaped a severe discipline, from which nothing but his insignificancy could have protected him."

    4. — The freedom of the city was presented in a silver box to Captain Luciiis O'Brien, of his majesty's ship Solbay.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 108

    As the companion tells it

    On the first of July, the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne, about a dozen fellows paraded the city of Cork with white lilies in their hats, to show their dislike of that event. Some gentlemen soon dispersed them with a good caning. One man showed himself in Paul Street and Brown Street with his bosom decorated the same way, and narrowly escaped severe punishment. Only his insignificance protected him. The words come from a Cork newspaper of the time.

27. Boyne anniversary protest in Cork city, 1768

    Cork · city · Cork · 1768

    On the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne in 1768, about a dozen persons appeared on the streets of Cork wearing white lilies in contempt of the occasion. They were dispersed and caned by gentlemen, and another protester narrowly escaped similar treatment.

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    While the lower classes were so tightly governed, it cannot be supposed that the claims and pretensions of the Roman catholics, as such, would be much attended to. That body was reduced to utter debility : resistance on their part seems to have been regarded as an absurdity, and the mere expression of their opinions on party questions was held to be an impertinence. la 1768, on the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, about a dozen persons ventured to appear in the streets of Cork with white lilies in their hats, in contempt of the occasion, but were dispersed and caned by some gentlemen ; and another person, who is called by the newspaper of the day, " an ignorant little fribble," narrowly escaped a severe discipline, from which nothing, we are told, but his insignificancy could have protected Irim.

    The great prevalence of duelling and drinking bouts in the last century, promotes an impression that the Irish gentry of that period were very unpolished, and that their subsequent improvement must have arisen from the legislative union with England. It should be remembered, however, that the improvement of manners, in England, has been very considerable; and it certainly does not appear that the disparity between the two countries in this respect, was formerly greater than it is at present, even though we allow Fielding's squire Western to be a caricature. A late baronet, who was educated in England, and resided there till his arrival at manhood, and moreover was an accomplished scholar, found himself, on his father's death, about seventy years ago, under the necessity of coming to Ireland to visit his estates in this county. He did so with extreme reluctance, and with a determination to retire as soon as possible from a country which he believed to be insufferable as a residence; but on his arrival, he found to his astonishment that the gentlemen mere well hred, and rode in their carriages^ and quite resembled those of England. The result was, that he made this country his residence during the course of a long life. This anecdote, which may be

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1768, was a city where the lower classes were tightly governed, and the Roman Catholic body was reduced to utter debility. Resistance on their part was regarded as an absurdity, and the mere expression of their opinions on party questions was held to be an impertinence. On the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne that year, about a dozen persons ventured to appear on the streets of Cork with white lilies in their hats, in contempt of the occasion. They were dispersed and caned by some gentlemen. Another person, who the newspaper of the day called an ignorant little fribble, narrowly escaped a severe discipline, from which nothing, we are told, but his insignificancy could have protected him. The great prevalence of duelling and drinking bouts in the last century promotes an impression that the Irish gentry of that period were very unpolished, and that their subsequent improvement must have arisen from the legislative union with England. It should be remembered, however, that the improvement of manners in England has been very considerable, and it does not appear that the disparity between the two countries in this respect was formerly greater than it is at present, even allowing Fielding's squire Western to be a caricature. A late baronet, educated in England and resident there till manhood, and an accomplished scholar, found himself on his father's death, about seventy years ago, under the necessity of coming to Ireland to visit his estates in this county. He did so with extreme reluctance, determined to retire as soon as possible from a country he believed insufferable as a residence. On arrival he found to his astonishment that the gentlemen were well bred, rode in their carriages, and quite resembled those of England. The result was that he made this country his residence during the course of a long life.

28. Charles II proclaimed at Youghal after king's murder

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1649

    Following the murder of the king, Lord Ormond proclaimed Charles II first at Youghal, then at Carrick-on-Suir, and soon after in all the other towns in Munster province.

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    Oct. 6 — Lord Ormond published a declaration at Cork, setting forth his intention to maintain the true Protestant interest, the king's honor, just rights of parliament, and the liberty of the subject. A copy of his letter to the supreme council fell into the hands of Colonel Jones, who sent it to the committee at Derby-house: being read in parliament, it was ordered to be sent to the Isle of Wight, to the commissioners then in treaty with the king, to know if he would avow it, and in case he disowned it, to require him to declare against the marquis. — Whereupon the king replied, that if matters were composed by the treaty, the concerns of Ireland should be left to the parliament, and at the same time, desired Ormond to stop all further proceedings for the present. Notwithstanding which, the treaty went forward, and a peace was concluded between the commissioners and the lord lieutenant at Carrick, and fully perfected at Kilkenny, on the 1 7th of January, 1619. Owen O'Neil and the earl of Antrim having refused to submit to this peace, the lord lieutenant prepared to march against them ; but on the murder of the king, he proclaimed Charles the II. first at Youghal, and afterwards at Carrick, and soon after in all the other towns in this province. 1G49 Oliver Cromwell, was appointed by the parliament, general

    for Ireland.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 82

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal is a town the road passes through or near. After the murder of the king, Lord Ormond proclaimed Charles the Second there first, then at Carrick, and soon after in all the other towns in Munster. That was in 1649. On the 6th of October, Ormond published a declaration at Cork, setting forth his intention to maintain the true Protestant interest, the king's honor, the just rights of parliament, and the liberty of the subject. A copy of his letter to the supreme council fell into the hands of Colonel Jones, who sent it to the committee at Derby House. Being read in parliament, it was ordered sent to the Isle of Wight, to the commissioners then in treaty with the king, to know if he would avow it, and if he disowned it, to require him to declare against the marquis. The king replied that if matters were composed by the treaty, the concerns of Ireland should be left to the parliament, and desired Ormond to stop all further proceedings for the present. Notwithstanding this, the treaty went forward, and a peace was concluded between the commissioners and the lord lieutenant at Carrick, fully perfected at Kilkenny on the 17th of January, 1649. Owen O'Neil and the earl of Antrim refused to submit to this peace, and Ormond prepared to march against them. But on the murder of the king, he made the proclamation.

29. Cork city streets described as dangerous and neglected

    Barrack Street · street · Cork · 1805

    A contemporary newspaper report condemned Cork's public ways as obstructed by rubbish heaps, broken sewers, dangerous quays, and dark lamps, warning that strangers approached the third city in the kingdom at peril of their lives. Barrack-street was singled out as nearly fatal to an eminent officer.

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    A-D. April 3. — The following paragraph appears in the Corh Mercantile Chronicle of this date — " Our total indifference, in this city, to every thing which concerns our public accommodation and credit, has become, a subject of wonder. Our nuisances seem to have a procreative power, and every day seems to shew some vexatious instance of their abominable fecundity. The day traveller runs the risk of being blinded from the screening of lime ; he is often intercepted in his way by the lagoons of water, which the obstruction of the public sewers retain in the streets, and if he be not rode over by the gallopers, who charge along the streets, or run over by the cars, which are whirled along with no less rapidity, he may felicitate himself, on his return home, upon the cheap terms of such injury as he may receive in tumbling over a few of the many heaps of rubbish, which principally occupy our public ways. If the traveller by night escapes drowning, he has no right to complain, for what, with the darkness of the lamps, and the naked and unfenced state of the quays, to survive a night walk is become a matter of family thanksgiving. Every stranger, who approaches this, the third city in his Majesty's dominions, does it at the peril of his life, and one of the least dangerous of the high ways into town, is now through a sort of canal of mud, and has been so for a longtime. * * It was but a few nights ago that the gulph and huge stones of Barrack-street had nearly proved fatal to an emment officer of this garrison."

    May 14. — ^About 4 o'clock this evening as a gentleman, his wife and child, were coming to this city in a post chaise, they were stopped by two highwaymen armed, about 4 miles from town on the Dublin road, and robbed.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 141

    As the companion tells it

    This is Barrack Street in Cork. In April 1805, the Cork Mercantile Chronicle printed a fierce condemnation of the city's public ways. The writer said the city's nuisances seemed to have a procreative power, with new vexatious instances appearing every day. The day traveller risked being blinded by the screening of lime, or intercepted by lagoons of water that the obstruction of the public sewers retained in the streets. He might be rode over by the gallopers who charged along the streets, or run over by the cars whirled along with no less rapidity. If he survived, he could felicitate himself on the cheap terms of whatever injury he received in tumbling over the heaps of rubbish that principally occupied the public ways. By night the danger was worse. The lamps were dark, the quays naked and unfenced, and to survive a night walk had become a matter of family thanksgiving. The writer warned that every stranger who approached this, the third city in his Majesty's dominions, did so at the peril of his life. One of the least dangerous highways into town ran through a sort of canal of mud, and had been so for a long time. It was but a few nights before the report that the gulph and huge stones of Barrack Street had nearly proved fatal to an eminent officer of this garrison.

30. Country-people's loyalty during French expedition at Bantry

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1796

    During the failed French expedition to Bantry Bay, local country-people showed great loyalty by receiving troops who marched to Bantry kindly and sharing provisions with them. The French admiral's ship was still missing and General Hoche was on board, causing the expedition to put to sea.

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    then set fire to a prize which they had taken, and five of them •'V^* weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving two ships of the line behind them which appeared to be disabled. On the 3d none of the ships were visible except these last mentioned vessels. Previous to their leaving the bay a council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing under the guidance of some Irishmen who were with them, but La Fraternite the admiral's ship being still missing, and general Hoche being on board, they resolved to put to sea. On the 15th Paris papers were received, which announced the total failure of this expedition. The greatest loyalty was exhibited by the country-people on this occasion, they received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers, mounted the different guards in the city of Cork.

    Dec. 27" — During a heavy gale of wind, three vessels having broken their moorings, were dashed with violence against Patrick's bridge; one of them had her stern fixed in the centre arch, and part of the portcullis was injured.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 134

    As the companion tells it

    Bantry in Cork saw a strange turn in 1796, when a French fleet arrived in the bay. The troops had decided for landing under the guidance of some Irishmen who were with them, but the admiral's ship, La Fraternite, was still missing, and General Hoche was on board her. A council of war was held, and they resolved to put to sea. Before that, some of the ships weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving two ships of the line behind them which appeared to be disabled. By the 3rd, none of the ships were visible except those last mentioned vessels. On the 15th, Paris papers were received which announced the total failure of the expedition. The greatest loyalty was exhibited by the country-people on this occasion. They received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers mounted the different guards in the city of Cork.

31. Cove harbour anxiety and ships towed to sea during alarm

    Cobh · municipal district · Cork

    During the invasion alarm, much anxiety was felt in Cove (Cobh), and men of war in the harbour prepared to put to sea. As the wind was unfavourable, fishermen, boatmen, and everyone able to row assisted in towing the ships out.

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    21. — At a late hour this night. General Campbell received an express, announcing that three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo bay. In consequence of the alarm which was caused by this infonnation, the garrison of this City was turned out, and at two o'clock, the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery, were in marching order ; shortly after the yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick-street ; about three o'clock, lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, which were very necessary, as all the city lamps had been by some chance extinguished. A little before day-break two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched to Mallow, when the garrison duty devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. The arrival of an express about half-past three in the afternoon, stating that the ships were three of our own frigates, put an end to the alarm. In Cove also much anxiety was evinced ; and such men of war as were then in the harbour prepared to put to sea. As the wind was unfavourable it became necessary to tow the ships out, in which all the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted.

    23. — ^The troops which had marched to Mallow returned ; on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 139

    As the companion tells it

    Cobh was caught up in a fright one night, along with the rest of the county. General Campbell received an express saying three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo Bay. The alarm spread fast. In Cork city the garrison was turned out, and by two o'clock the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery were in marching order. The yeomanry assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick Street. Lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, because the city lamps had somehow been extinguished. Here in Cobh, then called Cove, much anxiety was evinced. Such men of war as were in the harbour prepared to put to sea. The wind was unfavourable, so it became necessary to tow the ships out. All the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted in the work. The alarm did not last. About half-past three in the afternoon an express arrived stating that the ships were three of our own frigates. That put an end to it. The troops that had marched to Mallow returned, and on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

32. Cromwell establishes winter quarters at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1649–1650

    Through the revolt of Cork county towns, Cromwell gained excellent winter quarters. He made Youghal his personal residence before marching out in early spring towards county Tipperary.

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    A.D. all by lord Broghill's interest, revolted to the parliament. — Ludlow says, that Cromwell sent a party under lord Broghill, to the assistance of the revolters, in case lord Inchiquin made any disturbance; but that the latter was forced to fly into the county Clare among his kindred. Ey the revolt of these places, Cromwell gained excellent winter quarters in this county; Yonghal was made the place of his own residence, from which he marched out early in the spring towards the county Tij^perary. At

    a window the cause ; tliey told me they were all Irish, stripped and wounded, and turned out of the town, and that colonel Jefferies, with some others, had possessed themselves of the town for Cromwell. Upon this, I immediately wrote a letter to my husband, blessing God's providence that he was not there with me, persuading him to patience and hope that I should get safely out of the town, by God's assistance, and desired him to shift for himself, for fear of a surprise, with promise that I would secure his papers.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal became Cromwell's winter quarters in 1649. Through Lord Broghill's influence, towns across Cork had revolted to the Parliament, and Cromwell sent a party under Broghill to assist them in case Lord Inchiquin caused disturbance. Inchiquin was forced to flee into County Clare among his kindred. By these revolts, Cromwell gained excellent winter quarters in the county. He made Youghal his own residence, and from there marched out early in the spring of 1650 towards County Tipperary. At a window someone asked the cause. They were told that the people outside were all Irish, stripped and wounded, and turned out of the town. Colonel Jefferies with some others had possessed the town for Cromwell. Upon this she wrote a letter to her husband, blessing God's providence that he was not there with her, persuading him to patience and hope that she would get safely out by God's assistance, and asking him to shift for himself for fear of a surprise, with a promise that she would secure his papers.

33. Distressed manufacturers protest English goods auction

    South Mall · street · Cork · 1784

    Two to three thousand poor distressed manufacturers of Cork assembled at stores on the South Mall to prevent the auction of English woollen goods, declaring such sales would tend to their destruction and that poverty stared them in the face.

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    May 3. — This day having been appointed for the sale of a large assortment of English woollen goods by auction, between two and three thousand of the poor distressed manufacturers of this city, assembled and proceeded to the stores on the South Mall, where the goods were deposited, and declared that the auction should not go on, for that such sales would manifestly tend to their destruction ; that they had helpless families, and^that poverty stared them in the face ; that they could not get work to alleviate their distresses; that many of them were ashamed to beg and would not rob, therefore for self-preservation sake they would as far as in them lay, suflfer no English manufactures in their line of business, to be vended in the city. The troops were marched down, but the timely interpositon of the mayor and sherifts, and their promise, with that of the proprietors of the goods, that the same should not 1)6 sold here, had the desired eflect, and these poor creatures departed with seeming content.

    CORK REMEMDllANCER. 189

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

    As the companion tells it

    South Mall in Cork was where, on May 3, 1784, between two and three thousand poor distressed manufacturers assembled at the stores where English woollen goods had been deposited for auction. They declared the auction should not go on, saying such sales would manifestly tend to their destruction. They had helpless families, and "poverty stared them in the face." They could not get work to alleviate their distresses. Many were ashamed to beg and would not rob. For self-preservation, they said they would suffer no English manufactures in their line of business to be vended in the city. The troops were marched down. But the timely interposition of the mayor and sheriffs, and their promise, with that of the proprietors of the goods, that the same should not be sold, had the desired effect, and these poor creatures departed with seeming content.

34. Famine and mass burial at Shandon churchyard

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1740

    In the summer of 1740 a great scarcity caused numbers of the poor to perish in Cork, though some were fed at a public mess. A large pit was dug at the back of the Green in Shandon churchyard where hundreds of indigent persons were buried.

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    During the summer of this year there was a great scarcity, and nimibers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public iness in this city. There was a large pit dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves.

    1741 Sept — Captain Chipps arrived in Cork from Dantzic in thirty days, in an open boat of six tons burthen, with only one boy. He had before made a voyage in a sloop from Barbadoes, with onlv one man.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    Shandon, in Cork. In the summer of 1740 there was a great scarcity, and numbers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public mess in the city. A large pit was dug at the back of the Green in Shandon churchyard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves.

35. Food riots in Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork · 1817

    Outrages were committed by the populace searching for provisions in Cork city. The mayor was compelled to read the riot act and order the cavalry to charge, injuring several persons.

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    provisions ; when it was determined, that a number of gentlemen A. D. should be sworn in as peace officers, so as to keep the city quiet, and every exertion used to obtain a regular supply of provisions. These resolutions afforded general satisfaction, as many outrages had been committed by the populace in search of provisions ; on one occasion the mayor had been compelled to read the riot act, and order the cavalry to charge, by which several persons were hurt.

    18. — At a meeting of the committee of the Dispensary and Humane Society, it was resolved, that in consequence of the alarming increase of fever, the monks' school house in Peacocklane, and the benevolent offers of an individual (who concealed his name) to floor the room and provide fifty pallet beds, so as to establish an additional fever house, be received with gratitude by the committee. In about a fortnight after, there were 200 patients received.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 156

    As the companion tells it

    Cork saw trouble in 1817. People were searching the city for provisions, and many outrages were committed by the populace in that search. The situation grew serious enough that the mayor was compelled to read the riot act and order the cavalry to charge. Several persons were hurt. A number of gentlemen were sworn in as peace officers to keep the city quiet, and every exertion was used to obtain a regular supply of provisions. These resolutions afforded general satisfaction. Around the same time, fever was increasing at an alarming rate. The Dispensary and Humane Society met and resolved to establish an additional fever house. An individual who concealed his name offered to floor a room in the monks' school house in Peacock Lane and provide 50 pallet beds. The committee received the offer with gratitude. Within about a fortnight, 200 patients were received there.

36. Foundation of Charlesfort at Kinsale

    near Charles Fort · monument · Cork · 1670

    Lord Orrery, warned of a planned French descent at Kinsale, fortified the harbour with batteries and a boom. After the French threat passed, he persuaded the king to allow construction of the royal fortification called Charles-fort, laying its first stone in 1670.

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    The earl.of Orrery having received intelligence that the duke A. D. of Beaufort, admiral of France, was preparing to make a descent at Kinsale, encamped all the militia and standing army of Munster, brought some of the largest guns out of his majesty's ships of war, planted batteries along the shore, laid a boom across the channel to secure the ships in the harbour, and was in a few days so well provided in every particular, that the French admiral gave over his design ; nevertheless as Kinsale was an excellent harbour, but unprotected by any kind of fortification, lord Orrery prevailed on the king to permit him to erect the present royal fortification called Charles-fort, the first stone of which he laid in 1670. During his stay in Kinsale he was nobly entertained and assisted by Mr. Southwell, and attended by all the gentry of Munster.

    A considerable squadron of ships being seen on this coast, the inhabitants were very much frightened ; but it proved to be an English fleet, under the command of Sir Jeremy Smith, who came into Kinsale on the 13th of July.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 86

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Charles Fort, the ground holds the foundation of a royal fortification laid in 1670. Lord Orrery had word that the duke of Beaufort, admiral of France, was preparing a descent on Kinsale. He encamped the militia and standing army of Munster, brought the largest guns from the king's ships of war, planted batteries along the shore, and laid a boom across the channel to secure the ships in the harbour. Within days he was so well provided that the French admiral gave over his design. Kinsale was an excellent harbour but had no fortification of any kind. Lord Orrery prevailed on the king to let him erect the royal fortification called Charles-fort, and he laid its first stone in 1670. During his stay in Kinsale he was nobly entertained and assisted by Mr. Southwell, and attended by all the gentry of Munster. A considerable squadron of ships was then seen on this coast, and the inhabitants were very much frightened, but it proved to be an English fleet under Sir Jeremy Smith, which came into Kinsale on the 13th of July.

37. Galway a town of war with guarded gates, 1567

    Galway · city · Galway · 1567

    Sidney found Galway resembling a town of war fronting upon an enemy rather than a civil town, with inhabitants watching their walls mightily and guarding their gates daily with armed men. The disorder was attributed to conflicts between the earl of Clanrickard's two sons.

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    Sir Henry Sidney made a jouniey through the kingdom in 1567; and from his letters to the English government, we learn many particulars regarding the condition of the towns at that time. The county of Tipperary was then in a state of devastation, and its corporate and well walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in great distress : their inhabitants were as men besieged, and ready either to famish within the walls, or abandon the places ; all trade and commerce was at a stand ; the country people dared not bring any thing to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, to buy any thing in the country, from the danger which both incurred of being plundered and killed. Of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, he tells us that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty, by speedy redress and ministering of justice did not prevent it. Limerick was so impaired in wealth since he saw it in queen Mary's reign, chiefly by reason of the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, as to fill him with astonishment. Galway he fovmd rather to resemble " a town of war, frontering upon an enemy, than a civil town in a country under one sovereign": "they watch," says he, "their walls mightily, and guard their gates daily, with armed men." They attributed their miseries to the disorders of the earl of Clanrickard's two sons, young boys, (whom he had by two wives both living,) each striving to be acknowledged as heir of his father, who at the same time was likely long to live.

    However, the towns seem not to have been prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilization and internal order. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, desires the reader not to impute any barbarous custom he should mention, to the citizens, townsmen, and inhabitants of the English pale ; and Sidney calls them nurseries of civilitv.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    Galway, in 1567, was a city living as though under siege. Sir Henry Sidney passed through the kingdom that year and wrote to the English government about what he found. He described Galway as resembling a town of war fronting upon an enemy, rather than a civil town in a country under one sovereign. The people watched their walls mightily and guarded their gates daily with armed men. The townsfolk blamed their troubles on the earl of Clanrickard and his two sons. The earl had these boys by two wives, both still living, and each son strove to be acknowledged as his father's heir. The earl himself was likely to live a long time yet, so the strife between the boys had no clear end. Sidney's letters paint a grim picture of the Irish towns in that period. Tipperary lay devastated. Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard were in great distress, their people like men besieged, ready to famish within the walls or abandon the places. Trade was at a stand. Country people dared not bring goods to the towns, and townsmen dared not leave to buy anything, for fear of being plundered and killed. Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale were on the high way to utter ruin. Limerick had lost so much wealth since Sidney last saw it, in Queen Mary's reign, through the spoils committed by the earl of Thomond, that he was filled with astonishment. Yet Sidney also called the towns nurseries of civility. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, asked that no barbarous custom be imputed to the citizens and inhabitants of the English pale. The towns, for all their disorder, were not cut off from the broader movement of improvement in Europe.

38. Gunpowder train ignites in George's-street

    George's Street · street · Cork · 1803

    A barrel of gunpowder being conveyed through George's-street, Cork, became loose and trailed powder along the street. A horse's shoe struck fire, igniting the powder and causing an explosion and great consternation in the neighbourhood.

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    9. — A barrel of gunpowder in one of the waggons used for conveying it from the manufactory to the place of export,in passing down George's-street, became so loose that the powder fell in a train along the street, and one of the car horses having struck fire with his shoes, the powder on the ground became ignited and blew up ; no further injury was done^ but great consternation was caused in the neighbourhood of the explosion.

    24. — A presentment for filling up the dock near the old Custom house, which had been a gross and pernicious nuisance, was passed by the grand jury.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 138

    As the companion tells it

    This is George's Street in Cork, where in 1803 a barrel of gunpowder in one of the waggons used for conveying it from the manufactory to the place of export became so loose that the powder fell in a train along the street. One of the car horses struck fire with his shoes, and the powder on the ground became ignited and blew up. No further injury was done, but great consternation was caused in the neighbourhood of the explosion.

39. Highland regiment marched to Bandon amid Bantry alarm, 1779

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1779

    On 1 June 1779, the Highland regiment was ordered to march to Bandon to join General Mocher's forces. The lower classes between Cork and Bandon offered soldiers every provision their poor cabins afforded.

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    A.D. transports, supposed to be French, was seen in Bantry bay. This communication threw the inliabitants into the greatest consternation. The commanders of the armed societies immediately ordered their drums to beat to arms, and in a very short space of time, the entire body collected again on the Mall. At seven in the evening, another express arrived from General Mocher, ordering the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale, and repair from thence to Bantry: this order was immediately complied with. A great mmiber of Roman Catholic gentlemen immediately offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellowcitizens, and were well received. The care of the city in the mean time devolved on the governor. The mayorsummoned a council, to consider what was necessary to be done on so alarming an occasion. The gentlemen of the True Blue society immediately took the guard, and " kept the police" in the greatest regularity for that night. Early on the following morning the Highland regiment returned to town, having received counter orders, as the express sent to Bantry had returned with an account that the alarm was groundless; the fleet having been found to be an English one which had fired several gmis in honor of the day. The lower classes of the people between this and Bandon shewed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, by offering them every provision their poor but hospitable cabins afforded. All the troops in Kinsale, consisting of upwards of 2000 men, marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms.

    18. — A cooper of the name of Morrogh, made his escape out of the North gaol by means of a false key. Three other criminals went off at the same time.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon is the town the road passes through. In 1779, this was a place soldiers rushed to reach on a false alarm. Transports, thought to be French, were seen in Bantry Bay. The news threw the people into great consternation. The commanders of the armed societies ordered their drums to beat to arms, and in a very short time the entire body collected on the Mall. At seven in the evening, an express arrived from General Mocher, ordering the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale, and from there repair to Bantry. The order was complied with at once. A great number of Roman Catholic gentlemen offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellow citizens, and were well received. The mayor summoned a council to consider what was necessary on so alarming an occasion. The gentlemen of the True Blue society took the guard, and kept the police in the greatest regularity for that night. Early the following morning the Highland regiment returned to town, having received counter orders. The express sent to Bantry had come back with word that the alarm was groundless. The fleet was English, and had fired several guns in honour of the day. The lower classes between Cork and Bandon showed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, by offering them every provision their poor but hospitable cabins afforded. All the troops in Kinsale, upwards of 2000 men, marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms.

40. James Morrogh's unauthorized stone building near south gate razed for security

    Cork · city · Cork

    James Morrogh, a Cork merchant, built a stone structure without the south gate of the city near St. Dominick's abbey, contrary to orders from the mayor, council, and lord president. The corporation ordered it razed to the ground, citing fears that such buildings near the city could aid insurrection or rebellion in the province.

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    Sept. 28 — A bye-law, made this day, recited that "forasmuch as in all common-wealths, the city or chief place thereof is most to be respected and regarded, not only in fortifying and maintaining the same, but also in foreseeing and preventing of future inconvenience that might ensue thereunto, and especially in not permitting, nor any way tolerating of any building to be made or erected near unto the same, whereby it might, in any way, prejudice, annoy, or be hurtful unto the said city in action or jurisdiction, whereof our forefathers were careful and provident, as we see by the precedents they have left us ; and yet notwithstanding that James Morrogh of this city, merchant, contrary to the premises and many inhibitions, both by the head magistrates of the city, and by the lord president, hath builded and erected by stealths and degrees a stone building with lime and stone, in and upon a certain garden without the south gate of the said city, and near the gate thereof leading to St. Dominick's abbey, contrary to an express promise and oath made to the mayor and council ; and that the said James Morrogh being convented before the said mayor and council, and being charged with the said offence, and not being able to impugn the same but having remained in misericordia ; it was by the said bye-law stated to be thought meet, considering the great prejudice that would be sustained, if the same were- permitted to the whole city, if any insurrection or rebellion (as God forbid) should happen in this province, to censure the said James Morrogh, and he was thereby censured and commanded to break down and rase the said work to the ground, to the height of feet, and after only

    use the same for a garden plot, otherwise the sheriffs were to break the same, and to disfranchise the said James, who was

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 211

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, the corporation kept a close watch on what went up outside the city walls. On September 28, a bye-law recalled that in all commonwealths the chief place is most to be respected, not only in fortifying and maintaining it, but in foreseeing and preventing future inconvenience. Buildings near the city could, it said, prejudice or annoy the city in action or jurisdiction, and the forefathers had been careful and provident in leaving precedents against them. Yet James Morrogh, a merchant of the city, had built and erected by stealths and degrees a stone building with lime and stone, in and upon a garden without the south gate of the city, near the gate leading to St. Dominick's abbey. He did this contrary to many inhibitions from the head magistrates of the city and from the lord president, and contrary to an express promise and oath made to the mayor and council. When James Morrogh was brought before the mayor and council and charged with the offence, he could not impugn it and remained in misericordia. The bye-law stated that considering the great prejudice that would be sustained by the whole city if any insurrection or rebellion should happen in the province, it was thought meet to censure him. He was censured and commanded to break down and raze the said work to the ground, and after only use the same for a garden plot. Otherwise the sheriffs were to break it themselves, and to disfranchise the said James.

41. John Walters surrenders to Dublin Castle

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1495

    John Walters, citizen of Cork, was summoned to appear before Parliament for being one of Perkin Warbeck's chief abettors. He was obliged to surrender himself to the constable of the castle of Dublin upon pain of felony, along with his son Philip Walters, then Dean of Limerick.

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    John Walters, citizen of Cork, was summoned to appear before the parliament, for being one of Perkin W arbeck's chief abettors, and was obliged to surrender himself to the constable of the castle of Dublin, upon pain of felony, as also Philip Walters, his son, then Dean of Limerick, and a day was appointed for theu' trials, and that of several others, mentioned in the statute. 1496 August 27. — The king granted a pardon to Maurice, earl of

    Desmond, for all his offences. David, archbishop of Cashel, and the bishops of Cork, and AVaterford, were also pardoned, the better to quell the contrivances, and designs of Perkin's friends.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin in 1495. John Walters, a citizen of Cork, was summoned to appear before Parliament, accused of being one of Perkin Warbeck's chief abettors. He was obliged to surrender himself to the constable of Dublin Castle upon pain of felony. His son Philip Walters, then Dean of Limerick, had to surrender too. A day was appointed for their trials, and for those of several others mentioned in the statute.

42. Lough A Drippel resists the Great Frost

    Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1739

    During the severe frost of 1739, Lough a Drippel near Dunmanway remained unfrozen while other waters froze solid. This unusual natural observation was noted as a distinctive local phenomenon.

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    Dec. 26. — The river Lee was frozen by one of the hardest frosts in the memory of man, usually called "the hard frost"; during the time it lasted tents were fixed on the river, from the north strand to Blackrock, and several amusements were carried on there, which continued even after the commencement of the thaw. One day a quaker having impmdently ventured too far down the channel, the ice broke, and he fell in. An arch wag seeing what happened, ran to the first tent and asked the owner, if any smuggled goods were in the cellar, and if so, desired him to secure them, otherwise they would be seized, as an exciseman had just gone down there to search. During this frost. Lough a Drippel near Dunman way, remained without freezing.

    1740 The corn market was built.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    Near Dunmanway, Lough a Drippel stayed unfrozen through the hard frost of 1739, one of the severest in living memory. The river Lee froze solid, and people set up tents on the ice from the north strand to Blackrock, carrying on amusements even as the thaw began. A Quaker ventured too far down the channel one day, the ice broke, and he fell in. A wit ran to the nearest tent and told the owner to secure any smuggled goods in the cellar, for an exciseman had just gone down to search. Lough a Drippel alone among the waters resisted the frost.

43. Mac Carty marches on Cork; siege raised by Raymond le Gros, 1182

    Cork · city · Cork · 1182

    In 1182 the Mac Carty renounced allegiance to the English and marched on Cork, which Fitzstephen almost despaired of defending. Raymond le Gros reinforced the garrison by sea, forcing the men of Desmond to raise the siege and sue for peace.

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    1182 The Mac Carty, renouncing his allegiance to the English government, marched to Cork, which Fitzstephen, in grief and consternation, almost despaired to defend. Raymond le Gros, however, who was then in Waterford, contrived, by a small embarkation of chosen troops, to reinforce the garrison ; and, by the terror of his name, and the skill and vigour of his operations, forced the men of Desmond to raise the seige, and ultimately to submit, and sue for peace.

    1185 Upon King John's landing at Waterford the Lish nobility of these parts, that had hitherto continued their obedience to the English, came to welcome him ; but, being rudely entertained by the young men who attended him, they retired, forsook their habitations, and betook themselves to the king of Limerick, and related to him, and to the kings of Conaught and Cork, what had happened to them : upon notice whereof, they, who before were prepared to make their addresses to John, with profession of their obedience and fidelity, fearing greater mischiefs might follow from so ill a begimiing, though they were at variance before among themselves, now entered into a mutual confederacy, took up arms for the defence of their coimtry and liberty, and wasted and destroyed much of the English plantations.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1182, stood under threat from within its own country. The Mac Carty renounced his allegiance to the English government and marched on the city. Fitzstephen, holding the defence, was stricken with grief and consternation, and almost despaired of keeping it. Raymond le Gros was in Waterford at the time. He sent a small embarkation of chosen troops by sea to reinforce the garrison. The terror of his name, and the skill and vigour of his operations, forced the men of Desmond to raise the siege. They submitted, and sued for peace. Three years later, in 1185, King John landed at Waterford. The Irish nobility of these parts, who had continued their obedience to the English, came to welcome him. But the young men attending John entertained them rudely. The nobility retired, forsook their habitations, and betook themselves to the king of Limerick, relating to him and to the kings of Conaught and Cork what had happened. Those kings, who had been prepared to address John with professions of obedience and fidelity, feared greater mischiefs from so ill a beginning. Though at variance among themselves, they entered into a mutual confederacy, took up arms for the defence of their country and liberty, and wasted and destroyed much of the English plantations.

44. Mortimer lands at Youghal to oppose Edward Bruce

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1317

    Sir Roger de Mortimer, appointed Lord Justice, landed at Youghal with 38 knights to oppose Edward Bruce, who had invaded Ireland with a powerful army and proclaimed himself king at Dundalk.

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    Sir Roger de IMortimer, who was appointed Lord Justice, 1317 landed at Youghal, with 38 knights, to oppose Edward Bruce, who had invaded Ireland with a powerful army, and had caused himself to be proclaimed king at Dundalk.

    Au(^. 20. — The lands in the county of Cork, which belonged to the friars of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, having been devastated by wars, a grant was made, empowering them to take up said lands, and grant them to other tenants.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, in Cork. In 1317, Sir Roger de Mortimer, appointed Lord Justice, landed here with 38 knights. He came to oppose Edward Bruce, who had invaded Ireland with a powerful army and had himself proclaimed king at Dundalk. The friars of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem also held lands in the county of Cork, but wars had devastated them, and a grant was made empowering the friars to take up those lands and grant them to other tenants.

45. Murderers executed, heads displayed at four towns

    near Glandore · population centre · Cork · 1675

    In 1675, Peter Fox and accomplices murdered a ship's crew and brought the vessel into the west of County Cork. Five were executed by Robert Southwell, and their heads set up at Waterford, Cork, Kinsale, and Glandore.

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    Peter Fox and five other persons, pretending to be passengers 1675 in a very rich ship belonging to Holland, which was bound to France, murdered the master and three of the crew, and brought the ship into the west of this county ; but by the vigilance of Robert Southwell, vice president of Munster, five of the nmlefactors were taken and executed, and their heads set up at Waterford, Cork, Kinsale and Glandore.

    The south bridge was rebuilt by the corporation. 1G76

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    Glandore was one of four towns where severed heads were put on display in 1675. Peter Fox and five others posed as passengers aboard a rich Dutch ship bound for France. They murdered the master and three crew, then sailed the vessel into the west of County Cork. Robert Southwell, vice president of Munster, caught five of them. They were executed, and their heads set up at Waterford, Cork, Kinsale, and Glandore.

46. Officers of 53rd regiment assaulted in Mallow-lane, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    Two officers of the 53rd regiment, billeted in Mallow-lane, were refused admission to their quarters and broke windows attempting entry. A group of fellows then assaulted them violently, severely wounding one officer's skull with a sharp instrument.

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    At a late hour this night, two officex-s of the 53d regiment, on being repeatedly refused admission into the house on which they were billeted in Mallow-lane, attempted to make good their quarters, and broke some of the windows : while thus engaged, a number of fellows, unconcerned in the affair, assaulted them most violently, and desperately wounded one of them by a stroke with some sharp edged instrument, by which his skull was severely cut, buj; not fractured. The other officer, having been several times knocked down, escaped without a wound. While the wounded man was lying on the ground, he perceived a person coming towards him, of whom he requested assistance; but the fellow^ after viewing him attentively, gave him three or four kicks and went off.

    28. — For some weeks past a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city by assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking, not only one another, but any of the inhabitants who might fall in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought by these gentry about the May-pole.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 108

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was a city where, at a late hour one night, two officers of the 53rd regiment found themselves locked out. They were billeted in a house in Mallow-lane, but were repeatedly refused admission. They tried to force their way in and broke some of the windows. While they were at it, a number of fellows who had nothing to do with the affair assaulted them violently. One officer was desperately wounded by a stroke from some sharp-edged instrument. His skull was severely cut but not fractured. The other officer was knocked down several times but escaped without a wound. The wounded man was lying on the ground when he saw someone coming towards him and asked for help. The man looked at him carefully, gave him three or four kicks, and walked off. This happened against a background of trouble. For weeks, idle vagabonds had been assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the sabbath, cutting and hacking one another and any inhabitants who crossed their path. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought about the May-pole.

47. Order to seize all arms in Orrery and Duhallow

    Orrery and Kilmore · barony · Cork · 1689

    Lieutenant-general Justin M'Carty, commander in chief in Munster, ordered lieutenant-colonel M'Donough to seize all arms, ammunition, and serviceable horses in Orrery and Duhallow, except those belonging to privy councillors and persons in the army, with swords and bayonets of persons of quality also exempted.

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    Feb. 23. — Lieutenant-general Justin M'Carty, commander in chief in Munster,gave an order to lieutenant-colonel M'Donough, "to seize all arms, ammunition, and serviceable horses, in Orrery and Duhallow, except those which belonged to privy councillors and persons in the army ; and also, except swords and baggonets of persons of quality, or gentlemen." An account was to be kept, that satisfaction might be made for them, and no outrage was to be committed in the execution of this order.

    26. — M'Carty appointed Sir James Cotter to command his majesty's forces, in the city, the fort, and within the liberties of Cork.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 90

    As the companion tells it

    On the 23rd of February, 1689, Lieutenant-general Justin M'Carty, commander in chief in Munster, gave an order to lieutenant-colonel M'Donough to seize all arms, ammunition, and serviceable horses in Orrery and Duhallow. The exceptions were arms belonging to privy councillors and persons in the army, and the swords and bayonets of persons of quality or gentlemen. An account was to be kept, that satisfaction might be made for what was taken, and no outrage was to be committed in the execution of the order.

48. President retreats from Doneraile to Cork

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1642

    After agreeing articles with Lord Mountgarret for a month-long truce, the lord president did not think it prudent to stay at his own house in Doneraile and retreated to Cork.

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    Jan — The lord president, having summoned 1-500 men, most of ^^^^ them raw and inexperienced, posted himself at Eallyhowra mountain, to oppose the rebels, havingunder him the earl of Barrymore, son-in-law to the earl of Cork, with three of his lordship's sons, the lords Dungarvan, Broghill, and Kinalmeaky, besides other gentlemen. Soon after the state permitted him to raise a regiment of foot, consisting of 1000 men, and two troops of horse, 60 in each troop. The president having resolved to give the rebels battle, posted himself at Redshard, a pass from the county Limerick into this county, at the eastern end of Ballyhowra mountain. It is related by Morrice, in his life of Lord Orrery, that while the president and his forces were waiting here, drawn up in order of battle, a trumpeter from the Irish, accompanied by one Walsh a lawyer, demanded a parley, and asked permission to speak with the president; which being granted, they declared they were no rebels, for they had the king's commission to assist him, and forraising forces,which commission they produced on the following morning, directed to lord Muskcrry to raise 4000 men, with the broad seal annexed to it. Upon this all the lords withdrew to their several homes; lord Broghill however declared that he could not but think it a cheat, as it subsequently proved. The president shortly afterwards disbanded his forces, until he should receive his majesty's further orders, articles to that effect having been agreed on between him and lord Moinitgarret, by which it was also stipulated, that for the space of one month neither party should molest the other; and not thinking it prudent to stay in his own house at Doneraile he retreated to Cork. The Irish next marched to Buttevant, and thence to IMallow, and took Short castle. At Mallow there arose a contention between lord Roche and others, who should be commander-in-chief. They at length, however, pitched upon Garret Barry, and appointed lord Muskerry and other great men to be of the council of war.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Doneraile, the lord president had gathered his forces, but did not stay. He had summoned 1,500 men, most of them raw and inexperienced, and posted himself at Ballyhowra mountain to oppose the rebels. Under him served the earl of Barrymore, son-in-law to the earl of Cork, with three of his lordship's sons, the lords Dungarvan, Broghill, and Kinalmeaky, besides other gentlemen. The state soon permitted him to raise a regiment of foot, 1,000 men, and two troops of horse, 60 in each troop. The president resolved to give battle and posted himself at Redshard, a pass from county Limerick into county Cork, at the eastern end of Ballyhowra mountain. While he and his forces waited, drawn up in order of battle, a trumpeter from the Irish, accompanied by one Walsh, a lawyer, demanded a parley and asked to speak with the president. Permission was granted, and they declared they were no rebels, for they had the king's commission to raise forces. They produced that commission the following morning, directed to Lord Muskerry to raise 4,000 men, with the broad seal annexed to it. Upon this, all the lords withdrew to their several homes. Lord Broghill declared he could not but think it a cheat, as it subsequently proved. The president disbanded his forces, until he should receive his majesty's further orders. Articles to that effect had been agreed between him and Lord Mountgarret, by which it was stipulated that for one month neither party should molest the other. And not thinking it prudent to stay in his own house at Doneraile, he retreated to Cork.

49. Press gang fires on vessel off Cork harbour

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1770

    A Newfoundland vessel bound for Waterford was attempted to be boarded off Cork harbour by a press boat. The crew resisted and were fired upon, wounding five men, one of whom died at Youghal. The wounded were landed at Dungarvan.

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    5, — A Newfoundland vessel laden with fish, bound for Waterford, was attempted to be boarded off our harbour by a press boat, but the passengers and crew making resistance, they were fired upon by the press gang, and five of them were wounded, one of whom afterwards died at Youghal : however the pi'ess boat thought proper to sheer off, and the vessel landed her crew and wounded men at Dungarvan.

    22. — Since lamps had been given up in this city a number of persons were drowned, who in all probability might have been saved if that useful and well appointed mode of lighting the streets had been continued.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 110

    As the companion tells it

    This is Youghal, the town the road passes through. In 1770, a Newfoundland vessel laden with fish and bound for Waterford was attempted to be boarded off Cork harbour by a press boat. The passengers and crew made resistance, and the press gang fired upon them. Five men were wounded. One of them afterwards died here at Youghal. The press boat thought proper to sheer off, and the vessel landed her crew and wounded men at Dungarvan.

50. Prisage of wines trial at Cork Court of Common Pleas

    Cork · city · Cork · 1811

    The Court of Common Pleas tried a case in which the mayor of Cork sued the Earl of Ormond to establish his entitlement to prisage of wines in the port of Cork, seeking £67,000 Irish. The verdict went for the defendants with costs of suit.

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    JVbw.18. — On this and the following day, the Court of Common Pleas was engaged in an important trial at bar, in which the mayor of Cork was plaintiff, and the Earl of Ormond and others defendants. The object of the plaintiff was to ascertain, in a feigned issue directed by an act of parliament, whether he was entitled to the prisage of wines in the port of Cork, and, if he proved himself so entitled, then to recover from the Earl of Ormond and the lords of the treasury £67,000 Irish, part of a

    242 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 148

    As the companion tells it

    In 1811, the Court of Common Pleas sat in Cork for a trial that drew eyes. The mayor of Cork was the plaintiff. The Earl of Ormond and others stood as defendants. The mayor sought to prove his right to the prisage of wines in the port of Cork, and, if he proved it, to recover £67,000 Irish from the Earl of Ormond and the lords of the treasury. It was a feigned issue, directed by an act of parliament. The verdict went against the mayor. The defendants won, with costs of suit.

51. Proctors buried up to chins by Whiteboys near Macroom

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1786

    Two proctors were found buried by the Whiteboys up to their chins between Macroom and Cork, having been left since midnight the night before. Glass and furze were found in the bottom of the holes in which they were placed.

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    Sept. 26. — A gentleman and his servant liberated between Macroom and this town two proctors, who were buried by the Whiteboys up to their chins since 12 o'clock the night before. Upon the holes in which they were placed being examined, glass and furze were found in the bottom.

    194 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 126

    As the companion tells it

    Near the town of Macroom, in September 1786, a gentleman and his servant found two proctors buried up to their chins by the Whiteboys. They had been left there since midnight the night before. In the bottom of the holes where the men were placed, glass and furze had been laid.

52. Raid on private still in King Street, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1816

    Excise officer Mr. George James Drinan, accompanied by soldiers, raided a house in King Street, Cork where a private still was operating. A soldier was wounded by gunfire; the party returned with reinforcements, seized the apparatus, and lodged it in the custom-house. The owner escaped but his son was captured.

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    July 8. — Mr. George James Drinan, accompanied by two excise officers and four soldiers, proceeded to a house in Kingstreet this evening, where they had received information of a private still being at work; upon knocking at the door they were refused admittance, and upon their proceeding to force it in, a shot was fired, by which one of the soldiers was wounded in the hand and thigh. The party then retired, and having acquainted the sheriff's with what had occurred, the latter immediately repaired to the place with a stronger military escort, and having entered without resistance, discovered the whole apparatus, which they brought oft" and lodged in the custom-house. The owner of the house escaped, but his son, a young lad, was secured.

    252 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 153

    As the companion tells it

    In 1816, Cork was the scene of a bold raid on an illegal still. On the evening of July 8, Mr. George James Drinan, an excise officer, set out with 2 other excise officers and 4 soldiers to a house in King Street where they had word a private still was running. They knocked and were refused entry. As they forced the door, someone inside fired a shot, wounding 1 soldier in the hand and thigh. The party pulled back and went to the sheriffs, who returned with a stronger military escort. This time they met no resistance. They found the whole apparatus, carried it off, and lodged it in the custom-house. The owner escaped, but his son, a young lad, was taken.

53. Ringroan manor and the de Courcy siege, 1759

    Ringrone · townland · Cork · 1759

    The manor of Ringroan, of great extent, was the chief estate of Milo de Courcy under Edward III and later belonged to the lords Kingsale. On the death of the twenty-fourth lord in 1759, his sons-in-law forcibly held the castle against the legal heir until the sheriff assaulted it with artillery and a ship's cannon.

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    sessions in the county of Cork. In the reign of Edward III., the estates Milo de Courcy, chiefly the manor of Ringroan, which was of great extent, passed into other famiUcs hy co-heirs, yet this manor afterwards belonged to the lords Kingsale ; however, so far back as the reign of Elizabeth, and perhaps long before, these lords were noted for their poverty,* a circumstance which, by keeping them in obscurity, probably preserved them from attainders. It is said that on the death of the twenty-fourth lord in 1 759 without male issue, his sons-in-law, Mr. O'Grady and Mr. M'Carty, forcibly held possession of the estate in opposition to the legal rights of the next heir male, and that the sheriff of the comity was unable to put the new lord Kingsale into possession, until he had assailed the castle (perhaps Ringroan) with artillery on the land side, and the cannon of a ship of war from the river. We will not, however, guarantee the truth of this anecdote.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ringrone, where a castle was besieged in 1759 over an inheritance. The manor here was the chief estate of Milo de Courcy under Edward III, and was of great extent. It later belonged to the lords Kingsale, a family noted for their poverty as far back as the reign of Elizabeth, and perhaps long before. That poverty kept them in obscurity, which may have preserved them from attainders. When the twenty-fourth lord died in 1759 without male issue, his sons-in-law, O'Grady and M'Carty, held the castle by force, opposing the legal rights of the next heir male. The sheriff of the county could not put the new lord Kingsale into possession until he assailed the castle with artillery on the land side and the cannon of a ship of war from the river. The truth of this story is not guaranteed.

54. Soldiers fire on crowd at Mallow-lane, two killed

    Blackpool · townland · Cork · 1764

    A corporal, eight soldiers, and a constable escorting two prisoners from Blackpool into Cork were attacked by a mob pelting them with stones at Mallow-lane. The soldiers fired, killing two men, and conducted the prisoners safely to the city gaol.

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    15. — About six o'clock this morning, a corporal, eight private men, and a constable of the north quarter, who were escorting two prisoners into the city from Blackpool, where they had been apprehended, were desperately attacked by a number of fellows while passing through Mallow-lane, who pelted them with stones, and attempted to rescue the prisoners. The soldiers after several ineffectual efforts to make them desist, were compelled at length for their own preservation to fire at them, by which two men were killed. This put an end to the affair, the rest having dispersed, and the soldiers conducted their prisoners safe to the main-guard, from which they were conveyed to the city gaol.

    142 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Blackpool, in 1764, a corporal, eight soldiers, and a constable of the north quarter were escorting two prisoners into Cork city from Blackpool, where the prisoners had been apprehended. It was about six o'clock in the morning. As they passed through Mallow-lane, a crowd attacked them, pelting them with stones and trying to rescue the prisoners. The soldiers made several efforts to make them desist, but failed. At length, for their own preservation, they fired. Two men were killed. That put an end to the affair. The rest of the crowd dispersed, and the soldiers conducted their prisoners safely to the main-guard, from which they were conveyed to the city gaol.

55. Spike Island fortifications named Fort Westmoreland

    Spike Island · townland · Cork · 1790

    During his stay in Cork in October 1790, the Lord Lieutenant visited Spike Island, the seat of Nicholas Fitton, and named the fortifications being erected there 'Fort Westmoreland.' He gave the workmen 100 guineas upon leaving.

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    A_. I>- after his arrival he was waited on by the mayor and corporation , the? clergy, and the merchants, whom he received in the most polite manner, and conferred the honor ofknighthood on William Clarke, esq. His excellency dined atthe mansion house with the mayor and corporation, and at night honoured the assembly with his presence. Duringhis stay here his excellency visited Spike Island, the seat of Nicholas Fitton, esq. and received a salute from the batteries and men of war. He named the fortifications erecting there "Fort Westmoreland," and gave the workmen 100 guineas upon leaving it. On his return he visited the cellars of Messrs. Fergusson and Co., and after taking a view of the city, dined at the king's arms with the merchants. On the 27th his excellency and suite set off for Dublin.

    JSTov. 25. — For some nights past, parties of soldiers, with their side arms, patrolled the streets, and robbed different gentlemen of their watches and money, and that at so early an hour as eight o'clock.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 130

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies Spike Island, where fortifications were being erected in 1790. During his stay in Cork in October of that year, the Lord Lieutenant visited the island, which was the seat of Nicholas Fitton. When he arrived, he received a salute from the batteries and the men of war stationed there. He named the fortifications being built on the island "Fort Westmoreland." Upon leaving, he gave the workmen 100 guineas. His visit to Spike Island came as part of a larger stay in Cork. After his arrival, he had been waited on by the mayor and corporation, the clergy, and the merchants, and he received them in the most polite manner. He conferred the honour of knighthood on William Clarke. He dined at the mansion house with the mayor and corporation, and at night honoured the assembly with his presence. On the 27th, he and his suite set off for Dublin.

56. Starling battle darkens sky over Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork · 1629

    An extraordinary event occurred at Cork when an immense flock of starlings darkened the sky over the city despite bright sunshine. After passing the town, the birds fought furiously for several hours with their bills, great numbers falling slain to the earth, and many were collected by citizens and country people.

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    This year an unusual appearance happened at Cork, although the sun shone out very brightly, the sky was darkened on a sudden by an infinite multitude of stairs, which seemed like a black dense cloud to hang over the city. When they had passed the town, they were observed by the citizens to fight furiously for several hours with a great noise, picking and wounding each other with their bills, whereby great numbers of them fell down to the earth and were slain ; many of them were taken up by the citizens and country people.

    1G30 The king directed the lords justices to release the Spanish

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 76

    As the companion tells it

    In 1629, something strange happened over Cork. The sun was shining brightly, yet the sky went dark. An immense flock of starlings covered the city like a black, dense cloud. After passing over the town, the birds turned on each other. For several hours they fought furiously, picking and wounding one another with their bills, making a great noise. Great numbers of them fell to the earth, slain. Citizens and country people came and gathered up the dead birds. The book that records this calls it an unusual appearance, and says no more about why it came or what it meant.

57. Sugan Earl captured and held at Shandon Castle

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1601–1608

    The Sugan Earl was discovered hiding in a cave with his foster brother and delivered by followers of the White Knight to the lord president at Shandon Castle. Having been attainted at a session in Cork, he was sent to London and died in the Tower in 1608.

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    Alaij — The Sugan earl was taken in a cave, where he was concealed with his foster brother by some followers of the White knight, who shortly after delivered him to the lord president at Shandon castle. The earl having been attainted at a session held at Cork in the preceding March, and adjudged a traitor, was sent to London, where he died in the Tower in the year 1608.

    K

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 70

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes near Shandon, in Cork. In these years the Sugan Earl was found hiding in a cave with his foster brother. Followers of the White Knight delivered him to the lord president at Shandon Castle. He had been attainted at a session in Cork the previous March and sent to London. He died in the Tower in 1608.

58. Troops marched to Mallow during Cork invasion scare

    Mallow · town · Cork

    Before daybreak, two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched from Cork to Mallow as part of the military response to an invasion alarm. Garrison duty in Cork then devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia.

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    21. — At a late hour this night. General Campbell received an express, announcing that three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo bay. In consequence of the alarm which was caused by this infonnation, the garrison of this City was turned out, and at two o'clock, the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery, were in marching order ; shortly after the yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick-street ; about three o'clock, lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, which were very necessary, as all the city lamps had been by some chance extinguished. A little before day-break two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched to Mallow, when the garrison duty devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. The arrival of an express about half-past three in the afternoon, stating that the ships were three of our own frigates, put an end to the alarm. In Cove also much anxiety was evinced ; and such men of war as were then in the harbour prepared to put to sea. As the wind was unfavourable it became necessary to tow the ships out, in which all the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted.

    23. — ^The troops which had marched to Mallow returned ; on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 139

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow is a town the road passes through, and in a late hour of night, two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched here from Cork, caught up in an invasion alarm. General Campbell had received an express saying three large men of war were disembarking troops in Sligo Bay. The garrison of Cork was turned out. By two o'clock, the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery were in marching order. The yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick's Street. Lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, necessary because the city lamps had been extinguished by some chance. A little before daybreak, the two regiments and the artillery detachment marched to Mallow, and the garrison duty in Cork devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. About half-past three in the afternoon, another express arrived, stating that the ships were three of our own frigates, and that put an end to the alarm. In Cove, much anxiety was shown as well. The men of war then in the harbour prepared to put to sea, but the wind was unfavourable, so it became necessary to tow the ships out. All the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted. Two days later, the troops which had marched to Mallow returned. On their march, they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages.

59. Waterford's naval expedition against O'Driscol castles at Baltimore, 1537

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1537

    In 1537 Waterford dispatched three vessels and 400 men against the castles of O'Driscol in Cork county, destroying them along with his villages and town of Baltimore. The expedition was retaliation for outrages against a Waterford trading vessel.

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    coasts. Yet the latter were generally prosperous and powerful, while the towns of Ireland were comparatively poor and weak. In 1 38 1 , Cork was so impoverished by its lawless neighbours, that some of the principal citizens resolved to go away : and it was found necessary that the mayor and bailiffs should forcibly detain them for the defence of the city. Nevertheless, the inhabitants of towns were not unpractised in military expeditions : they were usually called on to attend hostings; and in some instances, as iu those of Dublin and Drogheda, fomied the most effective part of the armies of government. Hence it is not easy to account for their unhappy condition. We might suppose that they would have engaged in military expeditions on their own account, and have advanced in power and importance like the Grecian colonies. Government, which showered privileges and favours on them, as the bulwarks of its own power, would hardly have denied its approbation to the reduction, by every means, of the common enemies of both ; and yet we have met with only one instance since the arrival of the English, of a warlike expedition having been fitted out by any town on its own account, and at its own discretion. In 1537, the city of Waterford despatched a naval armament, consisting of three vessels and four hundred men, against the castles of O'Driscol, a chieftain of this county, and without much difficulty succeeded in reducing and destroying them. They also destroyed his villages, and ravaged his lands, set fire to his town of Baltimore and broke down another of his castles there, and returned with some booty to Waterford. Their sole aim however was retaliation for outrages committed against one of their trading vessels. They seem to have had no ulterior object, no hope of conquest or permanent acquisition. A Greek city in such a case would probably have repaired and garrisoned the castles, and made them the citadels of colonies; or would at least have continued to amass wealth by similar naval enterprizes, until the resources and magnitude of their state, secure within walls, should have so far encreased, as to enable them to meet the barbarians in the field. Such expeditions however in order to be profitable, should be extended like those of the early Greeks to distant and unobnoxious quarters. This to be sure would be mere piracy, the expediency or propriety of which, perhaps the towns of Ireland did not comprehend ; and as they never gained

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 22

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Baltimore was once burned by a fleet from Waterford. In 1537, the city of Waterford dispatched a naval armament of three vessels and 400 men against the castles of O'Driscol, a chieftain of this county. This was the only instance since the arrival of the English of a town fitting out a warlike expedition on its own account and at its own discretion. They succeeded without much difficulty in reducing and destroying the castles. They destroyed his villages and ravaged his lands. They set fire to his town of Baltimore and broke down another of his castles there. They returned with some booty to Waterford. Their sole aim was retaliation for outrages committed against one of their trading vessels. They seem to have had no ulterior object, no hope of conquest or permanent acquisition. A Greek city in such a case would probably have repaired and garrisoned the castles, and made them the citadels of colonies. Or would at least have continued to amass wealth by similar naval enterprises, until their resources and magnitude had so far increased as to enable them to meet the barbarians in the field. Such expeditions, to be profitable, should have been extended to distant quarters, as the early Greeks did. That would be mere piracy, a notion the towns of Ireland perhaps did not comprehend.

60. Carrigafoyle castle stormed, garrison slaughtered

    Carrigafoyle · townland · Kerry · 1580

    Among several Desmond castles taken by the lord justice, Carrigfoyle was garrisoned by an Italian captain and some Spaniards who were all put to the sword when the castle fell. This was part of the systematic reduction of Desmond strongholds during the rebellion.

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    Several of the Desmonds' castles were taken by the lord justice; amongst the rest that of Carrigfoyle, then garrisoned by an Italian captain and some Spaniards, who were all put to the sword.

    ^ug. 1. — Sir James Desmond was mortally wounded in an attempt to carry off a prey from Sir Coimac Mac Teigue, and 150 of his men slain. Sir James was taken prisoner by a blacksmith, a servant of Sir Cormac's, who bomid him, and hid him in a bush till the fight was over, when he carried him to Sir Cormac, who secured him, until, by the direction of the lords justices, he delivered him to Sir Warham St. Leger and captain Walter Raleigh ; who, by a commission to them directed, examined him, and had him indicted, condemned and executed as a traitor, and his head and quarters fixed on the gates of the city For this service, Sir Cormac Mac Tieg was knighted by the lord justice, and made high sheriff of the county.

    Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 66

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands the castle of Carrigafoyle. In 1580, the lord justice took several of the Desmonds' castles, and among them this one. It was garrisoned by an Italian captain and some Spaniards, and when the castle fell, they were all put to the sword. That same year, Sir James Desmond was mortally wounded trying to carry off a prey from Sir Cormac Mac Teigue, and 150 of his men were slain. A blacksmith, a servant of Sir Cormac's, took Sir James prisoner, bound him, and hid him in a bush until the fight was over. Then he carried him to Sir Cormac, who secured him. By direction of the lords justices, Sir Cormac delivered him to Sir Warham St. Leger and Captain Walter Raleigh. They examined him by commission, had him indicted, condemned, and executed as a traitor. His head and quarters were fixed on the gates of the city. For this service, Sir Cormac Mac Teigue was knighted by the lord justice and made high sheriff of the county.