Name: The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork
Author: Francis H Tuckey

Prince de Monsereda forced into Castletownshend

Castletownshend · town · Cork · 1766

On October 28, 1766, Prince de Monsereda, travelling through Europe on board the Delight, was forced by contrary winds to put into Castletownshend in County Cork, where he was treated with marks of respect suitable to his dignity.

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28. — His royal highness the prince de Monsereda, while on his travels through Europe, on board the Delight, was by contrary winds forced to put into Castle-Townsend in this county, where he was treated with every mark of respect and distinction suitable to his dignity, and received all the entertainment the place could aflTord.
This day the mayor, sheriffs, and common council, made an order in council, that a premium of two shillings the quarter, be paid on the first 3000 quarters of wheat that should be imported into this city from foreign parts, from the 1st of February to the 1st of May next,

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 105

As the companion tells it

Castletownshend is a town the road passes through in County Cork. On October 28, 1766, the prince de Monsereda was travelling through Europe on board the Delight when contrary winds forced him to put in here. He was treated with every mark of respect and distinction suitable to his dignity, and received all the entertainment the place could afford.

Admiral Keppel acquittal celebrated in Cork and Macroom

Macroom · town · Cork · 1779

On news of Admiral Keppel's acquittal, bells rang in Cork, armed societies fired volleys on the Mall, and the town was illuminated. In Macroom, houses were illuminated and every street blazed with bonfires.

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Feb. 20. — Upon the arrival of the news of the honorable acquittal of admiral Keppel, who had been tried by a courtmartial for neglect of duty, the bells were set ringing and continued all the next day, (Sunday). On Monday the True Blue, Boyne, Aughrim, and the Union armed societies fired three volleys on the Mall, and afterwards gave three cheers ; at night the whole town was grandly illuminated, bonfires blazed, and the evening concluded with eveiy demonstration of joy. In Macroom the houses were illuminated, every street blazed with bonfires, and

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 120

As the companion tells it

In 1779, the town of Macroom lit up. News had come of Admiral Keppel's acquittal. He had been tried by court-martial for neglect of duty, and the honorable acquittal set off rejoicing. In Cork the bells rang and kept ringing all through Sunday. On Monday the True Blue, Boyne, Aughrim, and the Union armed societies fired three volleys on the Mall and gave three cheers. That night the whole town was grandly illuminated and bonfires blazed. In Macroom the houses were illuminated, every street blazed with bonfires, and the evening concluded with every demonstration of joy.

Ancient extent and destruction of Cork's suburbs

Cork · city · Cork

In Elizabeth's reign, Cork had declined to a small island roughly one-third of a statute mile in length. A charter of Edward IV reveals that Cork previously possessed suburbs extending a mile from both parts of the city, which were burned and destroyed by invaders, indicating the city was once over two miles in length including the island.

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When wo consider the moderate extent of the city of Cork in the reign of Elizabeth, we may naturally be surprised at its ancient importance, in comparison with the other towns of the county. But the truth is, that in the time of Elizabeth, it had suffered a very great decline: the island, which is said to have then comprised the city, was not more than about one-third of a statute mile in length, and its breadth was only about one-third of its length, — dimensions, which would seem to give it little pre-eminence over Kinsaleand Youghal, as contained within their ancient walls. It is true, our accounts of it before Elizabeth's reign are very meagre and imperfect; but enough remains to assure us, that it had previously been of much greater extent; we have already seen good reason to infer that the most ancient part of the city stood on the hill, to the south of the island, and that it was destroyed in the wars of the barbarous lords ; and we learn from the charter of king Edward IV, that Cork had, a few years previously to its date, possessed suburbs extending a mile from both parts of the city, and that they were about that time burned and destroyed by the invaders. As they were burned, Ihey must have consisted in a great degree of buildings; and this will give us some idea of the real extent of the city in ancient times, it being by this account upwards of two miles in length, including the island. Doubtless those buildings were interspersed with gardens, as we find to have been usual even within the walls, so late as the reign of Charles I. As to the locality of the suburbs, we may conclude that the northern one coincided with that part of the present city, which lies between north bridge, and the junction of the ]\Iallow road with the old Dublin road ; for this was the only great outlet from the city on that side, and must naturally have attracted the buildings along its course, while the steepness of the hills on either side would prevent improvement from branching off laterally. The southern suburb, which must have been identical with the original town on the hill, probably extended to the lough, and perhaps to a greater distance towards Kinsale, although in its modern increase it has not yet reached the above point, owing to the poverty of the inhabitants in that quarter, and the badness of the approaches to it. It is amusing to speculate on the probability, that the lough, which now presents so retired and rural appearance,

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Cork was once far larger than the place you pass through now. In the reign of Elizabeth, the city had suffered a great decline. All that remained was an island said to comprise the whole city, not more than about one-third of a statute mile in length, its breadth only about one-third of that. Those dimensions gave it little pre-eminence over Kinsale and Youghal within their ancient walls. But accounts from before Elizabeth's reign, though meagre and imperfect, make clear that Cork had previously been of much greater extent. The most ancient part of the city stood on the hill to the south of the island, and it was destroyed in the wars of the barbarous lords. The charter of King Edward IV records that Cork had, a few years before its date, possessed suburbs extending a mile from both parts of the city, and that they were about that time burned and destroyed by the invaders. Since they were burned, they must have consisted in a great degree of buildings, interspersed with gardens, as was usual even within the walls so late as the reign of Charles I. By this account, the city in ancient times was upwards of two miles in length, including the island. The northern suburb likely coincided with the part of the present city lying between north bridge and the junction of the Mallow road with the old Dublin road, the only great outlet on that side, with steep hills on either side preventing buildings from branching off laterally. The southern suburb, identical with the original town on the hill, probably extended to the lough and perhaps further toward Kinsale.

Attempted capture of Liscarroll castle repulsed

Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1644

Irish forces attempted to seize the castle of Liscarrol, which had been restored to Sir Philip Perceval after the Irish were previously defeated there. The attempt was repulsed by the constable Raymond.

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the last mentioned treaty, which left £2000 per annum of his estate in possession of the Irish, who concealing themselves in. bushes and bogs, the day the cessation took place, proceeded to take the profits of tlie lands. About the same time tliey surprised the castles of Ballinguile, Ballinegragh, Templeconila, Ballymacow, Lisgriffm, and Bragoge, all belonging to Sir Philip, and entered upon the large fertile tract of country adjacent to them. They endeavoured also to gain the castle of Liscarrol which had been restoi'ed to Sir Philip when the Irish were defeated there ; but were repulsed by the constable Raymond.
intentions, which extended to the utter extirpation of all the English protestanis in Muuster, if God had not in his infinite goodness and mercy prevented it."

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

You are near Liscarroll, in Cork. In 1644, after a treaty left 2000 pounds a year of Sir Philip Perceval's estate in Irish hands, the Irish concealed themselves in bushes and bogs and took the profits of the lands. They surprised the castles of Ballinguile, Ballinegragh, Templeconila, Ballymacow, Lisgriffin, and Bragoge, all belonging to Sir Philip, and entered upon the large fertile tract of country adjacent to them. They also tried to gain the castle of Liscarroll, which had been restored to Sir Philip when the Irish were previously defeated there. But they were repulsed by the constable Raymond.

Barrys of Lemlara preserved estates through confiscations

Leamlara · townland · Cork · 1641–1700

The Barrys of Lemlara were one of only two Roman Catholic families in County Cork whose estates survived the confiscations of the 17th century. Some other families survived only by conforming to the established religion.

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So complete was the revolution of property produced by these events, that the gentry of this county became almost wholly protestant, and the Roman Catholic religion, or an Irish surname, became in latter times prima facie a mark of inferior station. We are unable to recollect more than two Roman Catholic fiimilies now existing in tliis county, whose estates escaped these confiscations, namely the Coppingers, of Barryscourt, and the Barrys, of Lemlara. There were however some others who since conformed to the established religion. The peasantry, with the exception of a few inaccurate dabblers in antiquity, have very oljscure traditionary recollections of these changes, and regard the present proprietors with the full veneration usually attached to ancient rank ; nor can we perceive in them any propensity towards detraction on these accounts, notwithstanding the bitterness of political and religious dissentions. It is a mistake also to suppose that the peasantry preserve the title deeds of their families: we have made enquiry on this pointand find the fact tobe very much the contrary: indeed it would be impossible to preserve for so many years such frail articles as family documents hi such places as the cabins of the peasantry. The case mentioned by Mr. Weld, in his guide to Killarney, is a singular exception. However, the families of forfeiting persons have not always been depressed so very low as has been supposed. Nevertheless we have heard of few instances in which they have preserved their title deeds, and in such cases they have done so more by chance than design. In the mean time the succeeding links of their pedigrees have become obscure ; and their ancestral claims (except in the case of a few remarkable aboriginal families,) are by their countrymen unnoticed and unknown.
At the head of the ancient families of this county who preserved their estates through all the convulsions of the country may be placed the Barrys earls of Barrymoro. They were descended from a brother of Geraldus Cambrensis, the first English historian of this country, and obtained their estates by a grant to

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Leamlara, land that belonged to the Barrys. In the seventeenth century, the confiscations swept through County Cork and changed almost everything. The gentry became almost wholly Protestant. A Roman Catholic religion or an Irish surname became, in later times, a mark of inferior station. The revolution of property was so complete that the book recording it can name only two Roman Catholic families in the whole county whose estates escaped these confiscations. One was the Coppingers of Barryscourt. The other was the Barrys of Lemlara. Some other families survived, but only by conforming to the established religion. The Barrys held on without doing so. The peasantry, the book says, have very obscure traditional recollections of these changes. They regard the present proprietors with the full veneration usually attached to ancient rank, and show no propensity toward detraction on these accounts, notwithstanding the bitterness of political and religious dissensions. It is a mistake, the author writes, to suppose that the peasantry preserve the title deeds of their families. Enquiry on this point found the fact to be very much the contrary. It would be impossible to preserve for so many years such frail articles as family documents in such places as the cabins of the peasantry. The families of forfeiting persons have not always been depressed so very low as has been supposed, but few instances are known in which they preserved their title deeds, and in such cases they did so more by chance than design. The succeeding links of their pedigrees became obscure, and their ancestral claims are by their countrymen unnoticed and unknown.

Bishop Richard Wye apprehended at Waterford by Richard II

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1395

Richard Wye, bishop of Cloyne, was excommunicated and deprived in 1394 for misdemeanors but continued to act as bishop. The next year he was apprehended at Waterford by command of King Richard II and committed to the custody of the Archbishop of Cashel.

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in 1394, but notwitlistanding having continued to act as bishop, he was the next year apprehended at Waterford, by conuiiand of king Richard II, and committed to tlie custody of the archbishop of Cashel.
Gerald Canton, an Augustin hermit, succeeded, and died in 1407.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 181

As the companion tells it

The city of Waterford was where Bishop Richard Wye of Cloyne was seized in 1395. He had been excommunicated and deprived the year before for misdemeanors, yet carried on as bishop regardless. By command of King Richard II he was apprehended here and handed into the custody of the Archbishop of Cashel. Gerald Canton, an Augustin hermit, succeeded him and died in 1407.

Blarney volunteers celebrate free trade on the Green

near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1780

The Blarney volunteers assembled on the Green to celebrate the completion of free trade and Admiral Rodney's success against the Spanish, firing three rounds and concluding with bonfires and illuminations.

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March 9. — ^The Blarney volunteers assembled on the Green to testify their joy for the completion of our free trade, and for the confirmation of our success against the Spaniards by admiral Rodney. They fired three rounds, after which the evening concluded with bonfires, illuminations, &c.
10. — At noon this day the different armed societies proceeded to the Mall, to celebrate the above joyful event, when each corps fired three volleys; at night the regiments in garrison fired ?^feu de Joie preceded and followed by twenty-one rounds from the artillery, which were mounted on one of the bastions of Elizabeth fort for that purpose ; the bells rung and the night concluded with bonfires and illuminations of the most magnificent description.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 122

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on the 9th of March, 1780, the Blarney volunteers assembled on the Green. They had gathered to show their joy for the completion of free trade, and for the confirmation of success against the Spaniards by Admiral Rodney. They fired three rounds, and the evening concluded with bonfires and illuminations. The next day in Cork city, the different armed societies proceeded to the Mall to celebrate the same event, each corps firing three volleys. At night, the regiments in garrison fired a feu de joie, preceded and followed by 21 rounds from the artillery mounted on one of the bastions of Elizabeth Fort. The bells rang, and the night concluded with bonfires and illuminations of the most magnificent description.

Camden visits Midleton cloth manufactory

Midleton · town · Cork · 1795

Earl Camden visited the extensive and flourishing cloth manufactory established by Mr. Lynch at Midleton, where the Earl of Kingston's Roscommon militia regiment received him with presented arms and flying colours.

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5. — Earl Camden, the lord lieutenant, arrived at Castlemartyr, the residence of the earl of Shannon. On the following day, (Sunday,) he was waited on by the corporation of Youghal, and on Monday his excellency, attended by lord Boyle and othere, rode to Cove, where he went on board admiral Kingsmill's schooner, and proceeded to view the harbour and forts, attended by the admiral and general Vallancey. His excellency received a salute of nineteen guns from the different batteries and ships as he passed, and then proceeded to Midleton to view^ the extensive and flourishing cloth manufactory established there by Mr. Lynch, inside the gates of which the earl of Kingston had previously drawn up his regiment of Roscommon militia, who received his excellency with arms presented and flying colours ; at half-past five his excellency returned to lord Shannon's to dinner. On the 9th the sheriffs of Cork waited on his excellency with an invitation to this city, which he accepted, and on the evening of the 1 1th arrived there. Shortly after a levee was held at the mansion-house, when the mayor and corporation addressed him, as did also the lord bishop of Cork and Ross and the clergy. At night the city was illuminated, and at about 8 o'clock his excellency quitted town, escorted by the 7th dragoon guards.
Oct. 11. — Serjeant Mulhall of the lOoth, and some others who had been concerned in the lat3 mutiny, escaped from the Bridewell of this city, previous to their undergoing the punishment

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 132

As the companion tells it

Midleton is a town where cloth was made, and in 1795 the lord lieutenant of Ireland came to see the work. Earl Camden had arrived at Castlemartyr, the residence of the earl of Shannon. The next day, Sunday, the corporation of Youghal waited on him. On Monday, attended by Lord Boyle and others, he rode to Cove, where he went aboard Admiral Kingsmill's schooner to view the harbour and forts, attended by the admiral and General Vallancey. He received a salute of nineteen guns from the different batteries and ships as he passed. Then he proceeded to Midleton, to view the extensive and flourishing cloth manufactory established there by Mr. Lynch. Inside the gates, the earl of Kingston had previously drawn up his regiment of Roscommon militia, who received his excellency with arms presented and flying colours. At half past five his excellency returned to Lord Shannon's for dinner. On the 9th, the sheriffs of Cork waited on him with an invitation to the city, which he accepted. On the evening of the 11th he arrived there. A levee was held at the mansion-house, where the mayor and corporation addressed him, as did the lord bishop of Cork and Ross and the clergy. At night the city was illuminated, and at about 8 o'clock his excellency quitted town, escorted by the 7th dragoon guards.

Camera obscura erected on Grand Parade Cork

Grand Parade · street · Cork · 1818

A very fine camera obscura was erected near the statue on the Grand Parade in Cork. It continued to be exhibited there for several years.

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A very fine camera obscura was erected near the statue on the Grand Parade, and continued to be exhibited there for several years.
June 14. — About one o'clock, a number of prisoners, chiefly convicts, exceeding one hundred, made a sudden attack on the keepers of the county gaol, for the purpose of effecting their escape ; having supplied themselves with a quantity of stones,

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 157

As the companion tells it

A very fine camera obscura was erected near the statue on the Grand Parade in Cork in 1818. It continued to be exhibited there for several years.

Castlepark harbour fort — platform and vaulted apartment

Castlepark · street · Cork

A narrow fosse or passage protected by walls of earth leads from Castlepark to the edge of Kinsale harbour, where a curious fortification consists chiefly of a platform defended by a very thick wall with intervals for great guns, and a curious vaulted apartment under the hillside.

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all the appearance of having never been finished, though we believe Smith somewhere states the contrary. Two of the bastions and the intervening curtain shew the remains of a thick stone facing ; but as some of the spaces between this and the earthen mound are not filled up, and as no traces of a wall are perceptible in the other parts, we conclude that the works never were finished. We are the moi"e minute in describing these particulars, in order to shew the incorrectness of the views in Pacata Hibernia ; and because it is probable that Castle ni Park is the oldest instance of the use of bastions in Ireland. It seems to have been a fortification belonging to the town of Kinsale. There is a narrow fosse or passage, protected by walls of earth, leading from it to the edge of Kinsale harbovu-, where there stands a curious fortification, consisting chiefly of a platform defended by a very thick wall, with large intervals for great guns. There is here also a curious vaulted apartment mider the side of the hill. We may take this opportunity to observe, that Smith's descriptions are very incorrect. He tells us that BallincoUy castle was flanked with towers at each angle. His account of Glanworth castle is a piece of gross exaggeration.
The invention of cannon has rendered castles almost useless for defence ; but cannon did not make their appearance in Ireland before the close of the fifteenth century; and for a long time afterwards could be little used in so impassable a country. From this cause castles were considered available for defence until the wars of 1641, when their untenableness became apparent; yet if we consider the magnitude of those purposes to which iron is applied in the present day, it seems not very Utopian to look forward to the time, when a small iron castle of suitable construction, may be found to be as tenable as stone castles formerly were, or even more so.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 17

As the companion tells it

Castlepark harbour fort is a fortification belonging to the town of Kinsale, consisting chiefly of a platform defended by a very thick wall with large intervals for great guns, and a curious vaulted apartment under the side of the hill. A narrow fosse or passage, protected by walls of earth, leads from Castlepark to the edge of Kinsale harbour, where this curious fortification stands. It appears to be the oldest instance of the use of bastions in Ireland. Two of the bastions and the intervening curtain show the remains of a thick stone facing, but some of the spaces between this and the earthen mound are not filled up, and no traces of a wall are perceptible in the other parts. It has all the appearance of having never been finished, though Smith somewhere states the contrary. The authors note these particulars to show the incorrectness of the views in Pacata Hibernia. Smith's descriptions are called very incorrect. He tells us that Ballincolly castle was flanked with towers at each angle, and his account of Glanworth castle is called a piece of gross exaggeration. The invention of cannon rendered castles almost useless for defence, but cannon did not make their appearance in Ireland before the close of the 15th century, and for a long time afterwards could be little used in so impassable a country. Castles were considered available for defence until the wars of 1641, when their untenableness became apparent.

Chairing of Christopher Hely Hutchinson in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1812

On November 6, 1812, the Cork Mercantile Chronicle reported the chairing of the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson, describing it as an unprecedented exhibition of enthusiastic gratitude in Cork and its environs.

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Nov. G. — The following is extracted from the Cork Mercantile Chronicle of this date, as illustrative of the style of a party provincial newspaper of this day. — " Chairing of Mr. Hutchinson."— "If an an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow beings, he would yesterday have envied the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson ; never did we witness such a scene ! never did the oldest person in our city hear from his progenitors the traditionary description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs."
Feh. 19.' — There was a dreadful storm from the south west, 1813 accompanied with thunder and lightning.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 149

As the companion tells it

Cork was the setting for a remarkable scene in November 1812. The Cork Mercantile Chronicle reported what it called the chairing of the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. The newspaper wrote that if an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow beings, he would have envied Hutchinson the day before. The paper said never did they witness such a scene, and never did the oldest person in the city hear from their forebears the traditional description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs.

Clonmel, Cashel and Fethard under siege-like distress, 1567

Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1567

Sir Henry Sidney reported in 1567 that the walled towns of Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in Tipperary were in great distress, their inhabitants like men besieged, ready to starve within the walls or abandon the towns. All trade was at a standstill due to danger of plunder and killing.

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Sir Henry Sidney made a jouniey through the kingdom in 1567; and from his letters to the English government, we learn many particulars regarding the condition of the towns at that time. The county of Tipperary was then in a state of devastation, and its corporate and well walled towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fethard in great distress : their inhabitants were as men besieged, and ready either to famish within the walls, or abandon the places ; all trade and commerce was at a stand ; the country people dared not bring any thing to the towns, nor dared the townsmen issue from their walls, to buy any thing in the country, from the danger which both incurred of being plundered and killed. Of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, he tells us that they were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, if her majesty, by speedy redress and ministering of justice did not prevent it. Limerick was so impaired in wealth since he saw it in queen Mary's reign, chiefly by reason of the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, as to fill him with astonishment. Galway he fovmd rather to resemble " a town of war, frontering upon an enemy, than a civil town in a country under one sovereign": "they watch," says he, "their walls mightily, and guard their gates daily, with armed men." They attributed their miseries to the disorders of the earl of Clanrickard's two sons, young boys, (whom he had by two wives both living,) each striving to be acknowledged as heir of his father, who at the same time was likely long to live.
However, the towns seem not to have been prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilization and internal order. Stanihurst, in his account of the Irish, desires the reader not to impute any barbarous custom he should mention, to the citizens, townsmen, and inhabitants of the English pale ; and Sidney calls them nurseries of civilitv.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

The town of Clonmel was one of the corporate, well-walled towns of Tipperary, and in 1567 it was in great distress. Sir Henry Sidney had just made a journey through the kingdom, and in letters to the English government he described what he found. The whole county of Tipperary was in a state of devastation. The people of Clonmel, along with those of Cashel and Fethard, lived as men besieged. They were ready either to famish within their walls or to abandon the places altogether. All trade and commerce had come to a standstill. Country people dared not bring anything to the towns, and townsmen dared not issue from their walls to buy anything in the country. Both sides feared being plundered and killed. Sidney reported on other towns as well. Cork, Youghal and Kinsale were greatly impaired and in the high way to utter ruin, unless the queen provided speedy redress and justice. Limerick had lost so much wealth since he had seen it in Queen Mary's reign, chiefly through the spoils committed or permitted by the earl of Thomond, that it filled him with astonishment. Galway he found to resemble a town of war, fronting upon an enemy, rather than a civil town. Yet despite all this, the towns were not prevented from improving with the rest of Europe in civilisation and internal order. Sidney called them nurseries of civility.

Cork bye-law requires sheriffship before mayoralty

Cork · city · Cork

The Cork corporation passed a bye-law that none could become mayor without first serving as sheriff, addressing the practice of admitting mayors' sons directly to council without serving as bailiffs. Several young men of prominent Cork families were affected by this reform.

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Oct. 29. — The following bye-law was made by the corporation, " having considered the great enormitie and hindrances that proceed to this common-wealth and good government of this city and citizens, in admitting young gentlemen, being mayors' sons and heirs, being of tender years, to the office of mayoraltie, before they were first bailiffs; and albeit, that a certain number of young men were admitted councillors of the citty, who never had borne the office of bailiffship, amongst which Wm. Goold fitz George, Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, William Skiddy fitz John, Edward Roche fitz Edmond, and Geoffry Gallwey fitz Patrick, being all sons and heirs to mayors, were, upon their being admitted councillors, faithfully promised to be never troubled or called to the election or office of bailiffship, but only reserved to supply upon other necessities the office of mayoralty as occasion would be ministered, every one in his own rank and antiquitie, notwithstanding the by-law made, that none should be made or admitted mayor, but such as first should be bailiflf or sheriflf, as by that bye-law appeareth, wherein is mentioned that every old mayor should successively take the office of mayoraltie, by means of which law Mr. Geo. Goold, now mayor, v/as compelled to undergo that office of mayoraltie for this present year, and Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, notwithstanding the former promise, to be sheriff for this present year ; it is made a bye-law that none shall be mayor, but such as first undergo the office of sheriflfship, and that every mayors' son and heir shall be elected and chosen sheriff, every one in his

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 211

As the companion tells it

Cork, in the years of its old corporation, made a rule about who could hold its highest office. On the 29th of October, the corporation passed a bye-law. They had considered, as they put it, "the great enormitie and hindrances that proceed to this common-wealth" in admitting young gentlemen, being mayors' sons and heirs, to the office of mayoralty before they had first been bailiffs. A number of young men had been admitted as councillors who had never held the office of bailiff. Among them were William Goold fitz George, Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, William Skiddy fitz John, Edward Roche fitz Edmond, and Geoffry Gallwey fitz Patrick. All were sons and heirs to mayors. When they were admitted as councillors, they had been faithfully promised they would never be troubled with the office of bailiffship, but only reserved to supply the office of mayoralty as occasion came. Notwithstanding that promise, the bye-law held that none should be made mayor unless they had first been bailiff or sheriff. By means of this law, Mr. George Goold, then mayor, was compelled to undergo the office of mayoralty for the present year. And Dominick Tirrie fitz Edmond, notwithstanding the former promise, was made to serve as sheriff for the present year. The new bye-law stated that none shall be mayor but such as first undergo the office of sheriffship, and that every mayor's son and heir shall be elected and chosen sheriff.

Cork city political club consolidates power

Cork · city · Cork · 1740–1753

A political club in Cork city controlled corporate offices, made freemen by favour, and manipulated public money from roughly 1740 to 1753. During this period no public accounts were examined, and the club used bribery, debt enforcement, and patronage to maintain its dominance.

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Their power seems to have been quite established in the year 1740; for we find it objected against them, that from about that year to the year 1753, no pubHc accounts were examined. Formerly they interfered actively in parliamentary elections. We are unable to ascertain when the party assumed the form of a club. The earliest document in the possession of their Secretary, is a list of their members in the year 1 740. The principles of the club have not been committed to writing. Their journals consist merely of the admission or rejection of new members, with some expulsions of old ones, for acting in opposition to the rules of the body.
The enemies of the club, in their disappointment, looked back with some favour on the former corporation and the government of the old aldermen,* who, we are told, though less active in the support of their own influence, were more opulent than the present,! and who though they usurped all power, disposing of the public money and all employments, and moulding the corporation according to their pleasure by the admission of freemen, not according to right but by favour, ;]: yet supported the dignity of the city and the magistracy ; erected several good and useful

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 30

As the companion tells it

Cork city was the ground where a political club gathered its strength. Their power seems to have been quite established by the year 1740. The earliest document held by their Secretary is a list of members from that same year. From about 1740 to 1753, no public accounts were examined, and that fact was raised against them. They had interfered actively in parliamentary elections before, though it is not known when the party first took the form of a club. Their principles were never committed to writing. Their journals record only the admission or rejection of new members, with some expulsions of old ones for acting against the rules of the body. Their enemies, in their disappointment, looked back with some favour on the former corporation and the old aldermen. Those old aldermen, though less active in support of their own influence, were more opulent. They too had usurped all power, disposing of public money and all employments, and moulding the corporation by admitting freemen not according to right but by favour. Yet they had supported the dignity of the city and the magistracy, and erected several good and useful works.

Cork city so destroyed citizens threatened to leave

Cork · city · Cork · 1390

The citizens and commons of Cork informed the king that their city and adjacent areas were so destroyed they would have to abandon the desolate place unless supplied with food. They obtained a grant to bring victuals into the city.

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April 12. — The king's faithful citizens and commons of Cork, having informed him that their city, and the parts adjacent thereto, were so destroyed, that they would be obliged to leave that desolate place altogether, unless they were supplied with fruits &c. obtained a grant from him, permitting them to go with their goods, out of the city, and bring thereto, victuals for the necessary
1390 sustenance of it.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1390, was a city brought low. On April 12, the citizens and commons told the king their city and the parts around it were so destroyed they would have to leave that desolate place altogether unless they were supplied with food. The king granted them permission to go out with their goods and bring back victuals for the city's sustenance.

Cork Irish ordered to keep markets outside walls

Cork · city · Cork · 1677

In 1677, a proclamation ordered the Irish of the city of Cork to keep their markets without the walls of the city.

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The Irish of the city of Cork were ordered, by a proclamation, 1077 to keep their markets without the walls of the city.
This year died Dr. Edward Synge, bishop of Cork, Cloyne and ig78 Ross ; by his will he bequeathed the two plowlands of Ballycroueen in the barony of Iraokilly, which formerly belonged to the sees of Cloyne, and were purchased by him from Sir John Fitzgerald, knt, ' to the bishops of Cloyne, and their successors for ever. He also

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 88

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1677. A proclamation ordered the Irish of the city to keep their markets without the walls. The market had to stay outside. That same year, Dr. Edward Synge, bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, died. By his will he left the two plowlands of Ballycroueen in the barony of Iraokilly to the bishops of Cloyne and their successors for ever. He had bought those lands from Sir John Fitzgerald.

Cork legion mounted city guards during French crisis

Cork · city · Cork · 1796

In the absence of regular troops during the French expedition crisis, the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers mounted the different guards in the city of Cork.

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then set fire to a prize which they had taken, and five of them •'V^* weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving two ships of the line behind them which appeared to be disabled. On the 3d none of the ships were visible except these last mentioned vessels. Previous to their leaving the bay a council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing under the guidance of some Irishmen who were with them, but La Fraternite the admiral's ship being still missing, and general Hoche being on board, they resolved to put to sea. On the 15th Paris papers were received, which announced the total failure of this expedition. The greatest loyalty was exhibited by the country-people on this occasion, they received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers, mounted the different guards in the city of Cork.
Dec. 27" — During a heavy gale of wind, three vessels having broken their moorings, were dashed with violence against Patrick's bridge; one of them had her stern fixed in the centre arch, and part of the portcullis was injured.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 134

As the companion tells it

In 1796, during the French expedition crisis, the city of Cork saw its own people step into the breach. A French fleet had arrived in the bay. Five of their ships weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving two ships of the line behind that appeared to be disabled. A council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing under the guidance of some Irishmen who were with them. But La Fraternite, the admiral's ship, was still missing, and General Hoche was on board her, so they resolved to put to sea. Paris papers received on the 15th announced the total failure of the expedition. The country-people showed the greatest loyalty, receiving the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner and sharing their provisions with them. In the absence of those regular troops, the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers mounted the different guards in the city of Cork. Later, on December 27, during a heavy gale, three vessels broke their moorings and were dashed with violence against Patrick's bridge. One had her stern fixed in the centre arch, and part of the portcullis was injured.

Devastating flood between Glen of Aherlow and Galbally

near Glen of Aherlow · valley · Limerick · 1808

Torrential rain on June 3 and the following day flooded the mountain stream between the Glen of Aherlow and Galbally, washing away cows, pigs, and acres of potatoes. It was described as the greatest flood in the memory of the oldest residents.

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June 3. — On this and the following day, the rain fell in such torrents, that the mountain stream between the glen of Aherlow and Galbally was overfJooded, by which several cows, pigs, &c. M'ere washed away and k)st, and others were taken down for more than a mile, but saved ; some acres of potatoes were also washed away. In the memory of the oldest man resident in that part of the country, there never was so great a flood.
June 30. — The postman, who was conveying the mails from •Skibbereen to Bantry and Castletown, was attacked by two men with their faces blackened, and robbed of the mail, after being severely ill treated.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

This valley saw a flood in 1808 unlike anything people had known. On June the 3rd and the day after, rain fell in such torrents that the mountain stream between the Glen of Aherlow and Galbally was overflowed. Cows and pigs were washed away and lost. Others were carried down for more than a mile, but saved. Acres of potatoes were washed away too. The oldest man living in that part of the country said there never was so great a flood.

Discovery of subterranean chambers with hundreds of skeletons at Peake

Peake · townland · Cork · 1755

In March 1755, labourers digging a ditch at Peake in the parish of Aghabullogue accidentally discovered a passage into fifteen or seventeen large subterranean rooms, one containing an estimated 500+ skeletons. The bones were brittle and brick-coloured, and the site was associated with a nearby Danish fort.

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1755 March. — Extract of a letter from Peake, in the parish of Aghabullogue and county Cork, written by the Rev. Marmadukc Cox, in this month. " Last Thursday as some labourers were making a ditch to enclose a potatoe garden, one of them dropt his spade into a deep hole, which obliged him to open the earth to get out the spade, when he found a passage into fifteen (some say seventeen) very large subterraneous rooms or caverns, in one of which by estimation were above 500 skeletons, and in another five skeletons, all entire and laid at a distance of about a foot from each other, I examined one of the skulls, and found it more perfect and clean than any boiling or chirurgical art could prepare it, the teeth very regular and distinct, but upon being exposed to the air it opened and mouldered to pieces. The bones were of a pale reddish or brick colour, some others of them appeared as if they had been burned. The country people flocked in so fast, on hearing of this antique place, that they trod the bones into powder, they being quite destitute of oil or substance ; for they were indeed as the shadow of bones. Pulvis et umhra sumus. 'Tis imagined, there must be another passage to these subterraneous chambers from a Danish fort, about one hundred and fifty yards from the present entrance, this being very narrow. The rooms are about five feet high ; there are other chambers that arc not got into ; the entrance being defended by very large stones, laid in the doors which cannot easily be removed. Whether they were the habitation of the Aborigines Irish, or

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 100

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Peake, in March 1755, labourers digging a ditch to enclose a potato garden broke through into something extraordinary. One man dropped his spade into a deep hole, and when he opened the earth to retrieve it, he found a passage into fifteen, or by some accounts seventeen, very large underground rooms. In one of those rooms, by estimation, lay above 500 skeletons. In another, five skeletons, all entire and laid about a foot apart from each other. The Reverend Marmaduke Cox examined one of the skulls. He found it more perfect and clean than any boiling or surgical art could prepare, the teeth very regular and distinct. But once exposed to the air, it opened and crumbled to pieces. The bones were a pale reddish or brick colour, and some appeared as if they had been burned. The country people flocked in so fast on hearing of this ancient place that they trod the bones into powder, for the bones were destitute of oil or substance. Cox wrote that they were, in his words, "as the shadow of bones," and added, "Pulvis et umbra sumus." It is imagined there must be another passage to these chambers from a Danish fort about 150 yards from the present entrance, that one being very narrow. The rooms stand about 5 feet high. There are other chambers that have not been entered, their doorways defended by very large stones that cannot easily be removed. Whether they were the habitation of the aborigines Irish, or — the letter breaks off there.

Downshire militia marched out of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1795

The Downshire militia were marched out of Cork town because they and the townspeople were not likely to remain on peaceable terms.

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May 27. — The Downshire militia were marched out of the town, as they and the towns people were not likely to continue on peaceable terms.
June 4. — Some persons attempted to mutilate and destroy the statue of king George II on the Grand Parade : a reward of £400 subscribed by different gentlemen, was offered for the apprehension and prosecuting to conviction of the offenders.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 132

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1795. On May 27 the Downshire militia were marched out of the town, as they and the townspeople were not likely to continue on peaceable terms. On June 4 some persons attempted to mutilate and destroy the statue of King George the Second on the Grand Parade. A reward of £400, subscribed by different gentlemen, was offered for apprehending and prosecuting to conviction the offenders.

Earthquake and tidal surge at Cork and Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1761

A shock of earthquake was felt at Cork and Kinsale, undulating from east to west for about a minute. Six hours later, near low water, the tide at Kinsale suddenly rose about two feet and ebbed away in four minutes with great force, repeated several times.

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March 31. — A shock of an earthquake was felt at Cork and A.D, itinsale, especially between the gates of the former town, it continued about a minute, undulating from east to west, and vice versa, and in six hours after, near low water, the tide rose suddenly at Kinsale about two feet higher than it was, and ebbed away in the space of four minutes with great force, which was repeated several times, but the first time it rose highest.
June 18 & 19. — There was constant thunder and lightning, attended with very heavy rain. On the 18th, a bull and two cows in the south liberties were struck dead by the lightning, which on the 19th appeared more violent, and without inteiiBission from one till six in the evening, but did not do much mischief. At Donnybrook, the seat of the Rev. Boyle Davies, a large beam, which supported a floor over the cellar, was split so wide, that a twenty-four pound ball might have been put into the chasm. There was not the least thunder or rain at Bandon or Kinsale.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 102

As the companion tells it

Kinsale is a town the road passes through. On March 31, 1761, a shock of earthquake was felt at Cork and here, especially between the gates of Cork. It continued about a minute, undulating from east to west and back again. Six hours later, near low water, the tide rose suddenly about two feet higher than it had been, and ebbed away in four minutes with great force. This was repeated several times, but the first time it rose highest. That June, the 18th and 19th brought constant thunder and lightning with very heavy rain. On the 18th, a bull and two cows in the south liberties were struck dead by the lightning. On the 19th the lightning appeared more violent, without intermission from one till six in the evening, but did not do much mischief. At Donnybrook, the seat of the Reverend Boyle Davies, a large beam which supported a floor over the cellar was split so wide that a twenty-four pound ball might have been put into the chasm. There was no thunder or rain at Bandon, nor in this town.

Fire destroys 73 cabins in south liberties of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1766

On September 15, 1766, a fire starting in a thatched cabin in the south liberties between Bandon road and St. Finn Barrys consumed 73 cabins to ashes, reducing 300 people to the utmost want.

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15. — A fire broke out in a thatched cabin in the south liberties between Bandon road and Saint Finn Barrys, there being at the tinie a strong S. W. wind, the flames were communicated to several others, by which seventy-three were consumed to ashes, and 300 people reduced to the utmost want.
25. — The mayor, sheriffs, Sec. attended by the city regalia,

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 105

As the companion tells it

Cork, September 15, 1766. A fire started in a thatched cabin in the south liberties, between Bandon road and Saint Finn Barrys. A strong south-west wind carried the flames to several others. Seventy-three cabins were consumed to ashes, and 300 people were reduced to the utmost want.

Fire destroys tallow-house in South Main Street, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1800

An alarming fire broke out at night and destroyed the tallow-house of Mr. Hawkes in South Main Street, Cork, along with all the goods in it.

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A. D. Dec. 9. — This night a most alarming fire broke out, and destroyed, with all the goods in it, the tallow-house of Mr. Hawkes, in the South-main-street. 1801 Jan. 1. — Being the first day of the union between Great
Britain and Ireland, the garrison of this city, consisting, for the most part, of foreign mercenaries, assembled at 12 o'clock this morning on Lapp's Island, where the imperial union flag was displayed, and fired a salute of twenty-one rounds in honour of it, it was afterwards prefixed to a coronet, and drawn by a train of artillery and placed at the lower end of the Grand Parade.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 136

As the companion tells it

Cork, a city the road passes through. On the night of December 9, 1800, a most alarming fire broke out and destroyed the tallow-house of Mr. Hawkes in South Main Street, along with all the goods inside it. The record calls it a most alarming fire, and that is all it says, but a tallow-house full of tallow would burn hot and fast, and the loss of every last thing in it would have been plain to see by morning.

Foreign fishing fleets at Blackrock

near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1576

A tract by John Dee records that three or four hundred Spanish and French ships fished at Blackrock. King Edward VI's privy council considered building a strong bulwark there for strategic reasons and for the benefit of milwin and cod.

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About this time a tract was written by John Dee, in which he 1576 condemns the pmctice of strangers fishing at Kinsale, Cork, and other places in Ireland. In his time he says Blackrock was fished by three or four hundred sail of Spaniards and Frenchmen ; and that king Edward Vlth's privy council was of the mind to have planted a strong bulwark for other weighty I'espects, as well as for the benefit of milwin and cod there.
This city obtained a confimiation of its charters.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 65

As the companion tells it

Blackrock, near Cork, was once a fishing ground for foreign fleets. In 1576, a tract by John Dee records that three or four hundred ships of Spaniards and Frenchmen fished these waters. Dee condemned the practice of strangers fishing at Kinsale, Cork, and other places in Ireland. He noted that King Edward VI's privy council had been of a mind to plant a strong bulwark there, for weighty reasons as well as for the benefit of milwin and cod.

Free debating society established at Tuckey Street music hall

Tuckey Street · street · Cork · 1771

Respectable gentlemen met at the music hall in Tuckey Street and resolved to hold a free debating society every evening at 7 o'clock, charging a British sixpence with profits going to charity. Ladies were admitted to the gallery only.

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20. — At a meeting of several respectable gentlemen of this city at the music hall in Tuckey street, it was resolved, that a free debating society should be held every evening at 7 o'clock at said room, every person paying a British six-pence; the profits arising therefrom to be disposed of in charity as the society should think fit; that ladies be admitted to the gallery only, on payment of the same sum. This was a distinct society from that above mentioned.
1772 The new springing bridge was erected where the old drawbridge was.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 111

As the companion tells it

A free debating society, held at the music hall in Tuckey Street, Cork. In 1771, several respectable gentlemen of the city met there and resolved that the society would gather every evening at 7 o'clock. Every person paid a British sixpence, and the profits were to be disposed of in charity as the society thought fit. Ladies were admitted to the gallery only, on payment of the same sum. It was a distinct society from another one already known in the city.

Green Coat Hospital built on old churchyard ground

Cork · city · Cork · 1715

The Green Coat Hospital was built on a waste piece of ground adjoining the old church-yard, where the old parish church of St. Mary Shandon formerly stood until it was demolished in the late wars. The ground was presented by the Reverend Dr. Henry Maule, then incumbent of the parish.

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The Green Coat Hospital was built on a waste piece of ground adjoining the old church-yard, where the old parish church formerly stood, till it was demolished in the late wars. This ground was presented by the Reverend Dr. Henry Maule, then incumbent of the parish of St. Mary Shandon, to whom it then belonged.
The battle of Glanmire was fought on Saturday, the 11th of June. It was occasioned by the soldiers of the regiment who lay in the old barrack, who turned out for their arrears and pay, which were detained from them for some time. They marched out of the

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

Cork holds the ground where the Green Coat Hospital was built in 1715. It went up on a waste piece of land adjoining the old churchyard, where the parish church of St. Mary Shandon had stood until it was demolished in the late wars. The ground belonged to the Reverend Dr. Henry Maule, who was then the incumbent of the parish, and he presented it for the hospital to be built.

Kanturk Castle — improved Elizabethan building style

Kanturk · town · Cork · 1558–1603

Kanturk Castle is cited as an example of the more extensive and improved style of building introduced during the reign of Elizabeth. Smith had given two views of it.

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However, a much more extensive and improved style of building was introduced in the reign of Elizabeth, as appears from the instance of Kanturk castle, of which Smith gives two views. Mount Long castle, built in 1631, according to a date visible in the stucco some years ago, and Burn Court castle in the county of Tipperary, forfeited in the year 1641, were smaller buildings of nearly the same kind ; both were quadrangles with square towers at the corners, but all the walls, both of the central building and the towers, were sui'mounted by gables, to the great detriment of their aj^pearance. These castles were without any contrivance for defence, except that in the first there were wide loop holes instead of windows in the basement story, and also in some of the gables ; at Mountlong the windows of the central room of the first floor are divided into six compartments of stone, and the castle to a near observer has a remarkably striking appearance, partly arising from its plan, and partly from the strength and plain beauty of the cut stone work ; the building has however been so weakened by some person who lately forced away the oaken lintels, that it cannot be expected to stand much longer: one of the towers has fallen. The loop-holes and compartments of the windows were further narrowed with iron bars : the cornice of the principal room is ornamented with figures, representing scriptural subjects and field sports ; there remains a half-burned lintel, which in some degree countenances a tradition, that the owner Mr. Long, having sustained a defeat, his daughter in despair set fire to the castle. Monkstown castle, built in 1638, is on a nearly similar plan ; it is furnished with machicolations at the tops of the corners. Carrigrohane castle was a large house with four gables and large windows, but was defended at the top of two of the corners by projections, perforated with round holes for small arms. Ballea castle, forfeited in 1641, is of irregular shape like the portion of a rectangle called the gnomon : at present it greatly resembles an ordinary old fashioned house with gables ; it was however defended with rude machicolations at the corners, two of which remain ; the windows are said to have been formerly very small ; but by their enlargement and the addition of others, it has become a good house. There were no vaulted floors in these castles : the walls were about four feet thick. White castle near Kinsale, is stated in Lewis's topographical dictionary to have

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

The town of Kanturk, in Cork, gives its name to a castle that the writer calls an instance of a more extensive and improved style of building, one introduced during the reign of Elizabeth, between 1558 and 1603. Smith, an earlier source, gave two views of the castle. The passage places Kanturk alongside buildings of nearly the same kind, though these were smaller. Mount Long castle, built in 1631, and Burn Court castle in the county of Tipperary, forfeited in 1641, are named as examples. These were quadrangles with square towers at the corners. All the walls, both of the central building and the towers, were surmounted by gables, which the writer says harmed their appearance. The castles had little contrivance for defence. There were no vaulted floors in any of them. The walls were about four feet thick. At Mount Long, wide loopholes served instead of windows in the basement story, and also in some of the gables. The windows of the central room of the first floor were divided into six compartments of stone. The writer says the castle had a striking appearance, partly from its plan and partly from the strength and plain beauty of the cut stone work. But someone had lately forced away the oaken lintels, weakening the building so that it could not be expected to stand much longer. One of the towers had already fallen.

Lord Deputy's six-week stay in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1588

Sir Henry, the Lord Deputy, was received with great joy by the citizens of Cork, who lodged and entertained his English footmen and galloglass for six weeks without complaint. He wrote to the English council that the city had flourished and amended remarkably in few years, attributing this to the effects of resident authority. During his stay he was attended by the Earls of Desmond, Thomond, and Clancarre, bishops, viscounts, and barons who came to honour him.

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where, he says, " he was received with all joyfulness, tokens and shews, the best the citizens could express of their dutiful thanksgiving to her majesty." They received willingly his English footmen and galloglass, lodged and entertained them during his abode there, which was six weeks, without grudging, or complaint either of townsmen or of soldiers, the townsmen receiving in ready money the one half of the soldier's wages for his board, fire and lodging, wherewith he held himself very well satisfied, and tlie soldiers in like manner well contented to give it ; Sir Henry writes, thus to the council of England ; " the good estate and flourishing of that city well approveth the good eflfects of resident authority amongst them, for it is so amended as in so few years I have seldom seen any town. I was, for the time of my continuance there, very honorably attended and accompanied by the earls of Desmond, Thorn ond, and Clancarre, the bishops of Cashel and Cork, and the elect of Rosscarberry, the viscounts of Barry and Roche, the barons of Courcy, Lixnaw, Dunboyne, Power, Barrie- Oge, and Lowthe, who, only to do me honor, came out of the English pale to that city, and did great good amongst great
* This collar is said to be in the possession of John C. Kearny, Esq. of Gurrettstown.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 63

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1588. Sir Henry, the Lord Deputy, came to the city and stayed six weeks. He says he was received with all joyfulness, tokens and shews, the best the citizens could express of their dutiful thanksgiving to her majesty. They took in his English footmen and galloglass willingly, lodged and entertained them for the whole six weeks without grudging or complaint from townsmen or soldiers. The townsmen received in ready money half of each soldier's wages for his board, fire, and lodging, and both sides held themselves well satisfied with the arrangement. Sir Henry wrote to the council of England that the good estate and flourishing of that city proved the good effects of resident authority among them. He said it was so amended that in so few years he had seldom seen any town. For the time of his continuance there, he was honorably attended and accompanied by the earls of Desmond, Thomond, and Clancarre, the bishops of Cashel and Cork, the elect of Rosscarberry, the viscounts of Barry and Roche, and the barons of Courcy, Lixnaw, Dunboyne, Power, Barrie-Oge, and Lowthe. They came out of the English pale to that city only to do him honor, and did great good amongst great.

Mac Fineen escapes Cork and attacks Castletown

Castletown · townland · Cork · 1690

A prisoner named Mac Fineen escaped from Cork and gathered 400 men. He marched to Iniskeen but found it guarded, then went to Castletown where a lieutenant and 30 dragoons bravely defended the place but were eventually forced to surrender.

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Dec — One Mac Fineen, a prisoner in Cork, escaped, and having got together a partj- of 400 men marched to Iniskeen ; but finding it guarded, they went to Castletown, where was a lieutenant and 30 dragoons, who bravely defended the place ; but were at length forced to surrender.
About this time the Irish who expected to be protected by the English were ordered to come within the line, viz. Castlehaven, Macroom, Mallow, Ballyhooly, Fermoy bridge, Cappoquin, Cahir, &c. being the English quarters.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 92

As the companion tells it

Close to Castletown, in December 1690, a prisoner called Mac Fineen escaped from Cork. He gathered 400 men and marched to Iniskeen, but found it guarded, so they came here instead. A lieutenant and 30 dragoons defended the place bravely, but at length they were forced to surrender.

Mayor of Cork's victory rewarded by Queen Elizabeth

Cork · city · Cork · 1571

In 1571, the mayor of Cork led the citizens to a military victory, for which Queen Elizabeth presented him with a collar of S S. This reflects the ongoing land enterprises and defensive operations of the walled city.

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power by such means, land enterprizes continued always to exceed their ability. Sometimes indeed they could issue from their walls ■with effect. In 1571, the mayor of Cork gained a victory at the head of the citizens, for which the queen presented him with a collar of S S. As to the walled towns of the inland parts, they were all destroyed in a terrible invasion of Murrough O'Brien, about the reign of Edward IV. Among them were Mourne and Buttevant, two ancient corporations.
The land which anciently belonged to the citizens of Cork, was in 1462, understood to extend a mile "from both parts" of the city. So much at all events had then remained to them. It was called " the suburbs" ; but had some years before been totally laid waste by the Irish; in consideration of which, the king forgave them all arrears of rent, and granted them a certain custom called cocquet, for rebuilding their walls ; and this they were to receive until they could travel a mile round the city in safety.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

Cork was a walled city, and the citizens inside those walls were often pressed beyond their means by the land enterprises they undertook. Sometimes, though, they could issue from their walls with effect. In 1571, the mayor of Cork led the citizens out and gained a victory. For this, Queen Elizabeth presented him with a collar of S S, a mark of royal favour. The land that belonged to the citizens had older troubles behind it. In 1462, their land was understood to extend a mile from both parts of the city. It was called the suburbs, but some years before that it had been totally laid waste by the Irish. In consideration of this, the king forgave them all arrears of rent and granted them a custom called cocquet, to help rebuild their walls. They were to receive it until they could travel a mile round the city in safety. The walled towns of the inland parts had a harder fate. Mourne and Buttevant, two ancient corporations among them, were all destroyed in a terrible invasion by Murrough O'Brien, about the reign of Edward IV.

New swivel pillory constructed in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1786

The mayor and sheriffs of Cork ordered a newly designed pillory that would rotate on a swivel, exposing the criminal's face in every direction during punishment. This was an innovation in civic punishment infrastructure.

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Dec. — The mayor and sheriffs gave directions for a irewly constructed pillory, in which the criminal was to stand upright, and to be entirely exposed to view, and which was to move on a swivel, that the face during the time of punishment might be exhibited in every direction.
16. — A number of servants of the principal gentleman in this city were taken by the constables and peace officers in a club

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 126

As the companion tells it

In December 1786, the mayor and sheriffs of Cork gave directions for a newly constructed pillory. The criminal was to stand upright in it, entirely exposed to view. It would move on a swivel, so that the face during the time of punishment might be exhibited in every direction. A punishment machine built to turn, so no side of the crowd was spared the sight of the offender's face.

O'Brien of Thomond campaigns in Limerick, Kerry, and Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1381–1382

After the death of Edmond Mortimer, rebels were encouraged and O'Brien of Thomond led an excessive force attempting general conquest in the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. Gerald Fitzmaurice, earl of Desmond, was sent to suppress the rebellion.

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12.— Upon the death of Edmond, earl of March, lord lieutenant of Ireland, the rebels were so encouraged, that O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest, in the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork ; in consequence of which, and the justice's being unable to remain in Munster, without inconvenience to the king, it was agreed, that Gerald Fitzmaurice, earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick " to assuage their malice ;" and 200 marks were directed to be paid him, for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him, and Walter Coterell.
Si'jyf. 20. — The king pardoned Henry Greffde Bembrok; his crime was, having carried a man, from the port of Cork to foreign parts, without license.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck

As the companion tells it

Cork figures in the troubles that followed the death of Edmond, earl of March, lord lieutenant of Ireland. His death encouraged the rebels. O'Brien of Thomond took an excessive force and tried to make a general conquest across the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The justices could not remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king, so it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick, in the words of the record, to assuage their malice. 200 marks were directed to be paid him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell. Around the same time the king pardoned Henry Greffde Bembrok, whose crime was carrying a man from the port of Cork to foreign parts without license.

Officer killed in Tuckey Street guard-room quarrel

Tuckey Street · street · Cork · 1784

A quarrel arose in the guard-room in Tuckey Street between two officers of the 32nd regiment. One drew upon the other and wounded him under the left breast, causing instant death.

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31. — A quarrel having arisen in the guard-room in Tuckey street, between two officers of the 32d regiment, one of them drew upon the other, and wounded him under the left breast, in consequence of which he instantly expired.
Sept. 9. — A dangerous mob of armed persons assembled this night in different parts of the city, to the great annoyance of the inhabitants.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 125

As the companion tells it

A guard-room on Tuckey Street in Cork. In 1784, a quarrel broke out between two officers of the 32nd regiment. One drew on the other and wounded him under the left breast, and he instantly expired.

Orrery assembles Cork officials for defence

Cork · city · Cork · 1667

The earl of Orrery assembled Cork's bishop, mayor, aldermen and citizens with army and militia officers, reporting the burning of the English fleet at Chatham by the Dutch. He issued orders for the city's preservation and received assurances of loyalty from the militia of 600 foot and 60 horse.

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Jime — The earl of Orrery assembled the bishop, mayor, aldermen, and citizens of Cork, with the officers of the army and militia, and gave them an account of the burning of the fleet at Chatham by the Dutch. He issued out requisite orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty, and had a cheerful assurance from all present that they would follow the same as long as they lived, and that the militia, then consisting of 600 foot and 60 horse, were ready to do duty when commanded. In case of any sea alarm, he ordered some forces to march into the Great Island, and a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly: and on tliis occasion also garrisons were placed in Castlemore, Mallow and Doneraile.
Aug. — A fire broke out in Scilly near Kinsale, which consumed a great part of the place.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1667, became a city bracing for trouble. The earl of Orrery gathered the bishop, the mayor, the aldermen and the citizens, along with the officers of the army and the militia. He told them the Dutch had burned the fleet at Chatham. Then he issued orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty. Every person present gave a cheerful assurance that they would follow those orders as long as they lived. The militia stood at 600 foot and 60 horse, ready to do duty when commanded. Should any sea alarm sound, Orrery ordered forces to march into the Great Island, and a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly. Garrisons were also placed in Castlemore, Mallow and Doneraile. That August, a fire broke out in Scilly near Kinsale and consumed a great part of the place.

Registration of Roman Catholic priests in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1704

In 1704, sixty-two Roman Catholic priests were registered in the county and city of Cork, of which fifty-two were in the county and four in the city, reflecting the penal-era regulatory regime.

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1704 Sixty-two Roman Catholic Priests were registered in the county and city of Cork, of which fifty-two were in the county and four in the city.
1705 Sir John Jennings with a squadron of Ships of war, and three French privateer prizes came into Cork harbour.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1704. Sixty-two Roman Catholic priests were registered across the county and city. Fifty-two were in the county, and four in the city itself. This was the penal-era regulatory regime, and the road you travel now passes through the place where those numbers were counted.

Sentinel shot at General Floyd's door in Cork

Cork · city · Cork

A man disguised in a great coat passed a sentinel posted at General Floyd's door in Cork, gave the customary reply to the challenge, then turned and fired a pistol, wounding the sentinel severely in the foot. The mayor and sheriffs subsequently offered a 100-guinea reward for detection, and General Graham ordered sentinels to load with ball cartridge after sunset.

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2. — A man, wrapped in a great coat, passed the sentinel posted at General Floyd's door, about three o'clock this morning, and having given the customary reply to the sentinel's challenge, and passed on a few paces, turned suddenly about and discharged a pistol at him, which wounded him severely in the foot. The

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

In Cork, a man in a great coat passed the sentinel at General Floyd's door about 3 in the morning, gave the customary reply, passed on, then turned and fired a pistol, wounding the sentinel severely in the foot. The mayor and sheriffs offered a 100-guinea reward for detection. General Graham ordered sentinels to load with ball cartridge after sunset.

Sham-battle at Douglas Bridge on St Patrick's Day 1779

near Douglas · townland · Cork · 1779

On St. Patrick's Day 1779, armed societies in Cork performed military evolutions in the city and suburbs. The Boyne society staged a sham-battle at Douglas, disputing possession of the bridge.

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March 17. — Being the anniversary of the patron saint of this kingdom, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells. At noon the different armed societies assembled in several parts of the city and suburbs, where they went through their different military evolutions, he. The Boyne society had a sham-battle at Douglas, and disputed the possession of the bridge.
May 3. — There were several showers of hail, succeeded by a heavy fall of snow. The weather had been remarkably cold and severe for some time before.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 121

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on St. Patrick's Day in 1779, the morning began with the ringing of bells. At noon, armed societies assembled in several parts of the city and suburbs and went through their military evolutions. The Boyne Society staged a sham-battle at Douglas, disputing the possession of the bridge.

Sidney encamped near Clonmel expecting battle

Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1569

In 1569, Sidney was encamped near Clonmel and expecting a battle, prompting him to write to the Waterford corporation requesting soldiers for three days. The request was refused by the corporation citing their charter privileges.

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Towns thus left in a great degree to themselves, and regulated internally by the republican government of their corporations, surrounded by barbarian lords whom they despised ; seeing nothing of the power of the crown, and little of its interference, and that little conducing only to their advantage, and exercised doubtless with a careful deference to their good wills and pleasures, must needs have entertained very stubborn notions of rights and liberties, probably even from the Danish times, without interruption. — History has preserved a remarkable instance in the case of Waterford. This city was by charter exempted from attending hostings, unless the king or any of his sons were present in person. In 1569 Sidney being encamped near Clonmel, and expecting a battle, wrote to the corporation of Waterford, requiring the assistance of a few soldiers only for three days, "who," says Hooker, "did very insolently and arrogantly return an answer by way of dispu-
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. xU

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 25

As the companion tells it

Clonmel, a town in Tipperary, sits along this road. In 1569, Sidney was encamped near here, expecting a battle. He wrote to the corporation of Waterford, asking for only a few soldiers, and for just three days. Waterford refused. Their charter exempted the city from attending hostings unless the king himself or one of his sons was present in person. The towns of Ireland had long governed themselves through their corporations, surrounded by lords they despised, seeing little of the crown's power and caring little for it. They held stubborn notions of their own rights and liberties, notions that probably stretched back to the Danish times without interruption. Hooker, the chronicler, says the corporation of Waterford did very insolently and arrogantly return their answer by way of dispute. So Sidney waited near Clonmel, and the men of Waterford stayed home.

Siege and battle of Liscarroll castle

Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1642

In August 1642 Liscarroll castle was attacked by the rebels and surrendered on honorable terms on 2 September after obstinate resistance. The following day Lord Inchiquin engaged the rebels west of the castle, routing them with 700 Irish slain; Lord Kinalmeaky was among the 12 English killed.

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jlugust — Liscarrol castle was attacked by the rebels, and surrendered upon honorable terms on Friday the 2d of September, after an obstinate resistance. On the following day lord
88 CORK REMEMBRANCER.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 78

As the companion tells it

Liscarroll saw hard fighting in 1642. In August the rebels attacked the castle, and after obstinate resistance it surrendered, in the source's words, 'upon honorable terms,' on Friday the 2nd of September. The next day Lord Inchiquin engaged the rebels west of the castle and routed them. 700 Irish were slain. Lord Kinalmeaky was among the 12 English killed.

Sloop with new loom destroyed near old drawbridge

Cork · city · Cork

Four men destroyed a sloop near the old drawbridge in Cork. The sloop carried a loom of new construction brought from Dublin.

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April 1 — Four men destroyed a sloop near the old drawbridge : she had a loom on board of a new construction which had been brought from Dublin.
5. — The Fair lane and Blarney lane combatants met at Parkmore, according to weekly custom, and after an engagement of some hours, one Keily received a stab from a tomohawk by which he was instantly killed, and many on both sides were wounded.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 112

As the companion tells it

Near the old drawbridge in Cork, four men destroyed a sloop on the first of April. She carried a loom of new construction, brought from Dublin.

Soldier brutally houghed near the magazine

Cork · city · Cork · 1781

Two inhuman villains attacked a soldier of the 66th regiment near the magazine in Cork and houghed him so barbarously that he was completely disabled.

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May — Two inhuman villains attacked a soldier of the 66th regiment near the magazine, and houghed him in so barbarous a manner that he was quite disabled.
June 2. — The new chapel in Brunswick street was consecrated.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 123

As the companion tells it

In Cork, in May 1781, two men attacked a soldier of the 66th regiment near the magazine. They houghed him so barbarously that he was completely disabled. The record calls them inhuman villains. No names are given, for the soldier or his attackers. What is left is the act itself, and the place.

Soldier shot at Mardyke field

Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1801

Joseph America, a private of Baron Hompesch's regiment, was tried by court martial for disobeying orders and firing at his sergeant. He was executed by firing squad at the Mardyke field, reportedly receiving death with great firmness.

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30. — Joseph America, a private of baron Hompesch's regiment, having been tried by a court martial for disobeying orders and firing at his serjeant, was shot at the Mardyke field. He received death with great firmness.
Juhj. — The Wexford militia arrived in this city to replace the Dutch troops.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 137

As the companion tells it

Mardyke in Cork. In 1801, a private named Joseph America of Baron Hompesch's regiment was tried by court martial for disobeying orders and firing at his sergeant. He was shot at the Mardyke field. He received death with great firmness.

Stone house in Cork used as king's prison

Cork · city · Cork · 1324–1326

Rose Wogan received £10 for renting a stone house in Cork to keep the king's prisoners for two years, from July 1324 to July 1326. The arrangement was made with the lord justice and council.

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1326 July 21. — By writ dated at Kilkenny, the sum of £10 was ordered to be paid, out of the treasury, to Rose Wogan, wife of Nicholas de la Wythye, for- two years rent of a stone house in Cork, let out by her, fox- keeping the king's prisoners in, from the 20th July 1324, to the 20th July, 1326, accoi-ding to agreement, made with her by the lord justice and council.
JSTov. 15, — The sum of £10 was paid to Walter de Kerdiff and Cambinus Donatus, citizens of Cork, towards repairing the gaol, which then stood in such need of repairs, that no prisoners could be kept safely therein, until it were (as it was afterwards) built anew.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

In Cork, a stone house served as a prison for the king. Rose Wogan, wife of Nicholas de la Wythye, rented it out for that purpose. The lord justice and council had made the arrangement with her. It ran for two years, from the 20th of July 1324 to the 20th of July 1326. On the 21st of July 1326, a writ dated at Kilkenny ordered £10 paid to her from the treasury, for those two years of rent. Later that year, on the 15th of November, £10 went to Walter de Kerdiff and Cambinus Donatus, citizens of Cork, towards repairing the gaol. It stood in such need of repair that no prisoners could be kept safely there until it was built anew.

Sunday's Well and monastery ruins near Cork

near Sunday's Well · population centre · Cork

A mile from Cork lies a holy well called Sunday's Spring, believed by the Irish to cure many ills. Opposite, across the sea to the south, stand ruins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe, with a cave where Saint Patrick is said to have prayed.

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■A^-D. at home. The man replied, that he knew no sueh person. — Neuel insisting that the house belonged to the person for whoiii he had asked, was told, that it belonged to an English captain, who had it on the seclusion of the catholics from the town. He was sni-jDrised to find events so deplorable had occurred to his family. I sympathised with him, and observed, "since things were thus we must seek a lodging, as the night was coming on." O "Mister Frenchman," he said, "you cannot without injustice refuse to repair to the house, if not of my father, at least of some other relation. I have uncles in the town, where we shall be welcome."' We found out one of them, and by him were received with all imaginable kindness, and Neuel learned that his father had lost in the religious wars more than £10,000 sterling, and had been obliged to fly to the country, to avoid the tyranny of the English protestants. I remained eight days in this house in the midst of continual festivity ; and on taking leave to pursue my travels, they thanked me for the assistance I rendered to Tarn Neuel, and in spite of all I could do, repaid me the money I had furnished for his expenses from Limerick. The same writer thus continues. "A mile from Korq is a well called by the English Sunday spring, or the fountain of Sunday, which the Irish believe is blessed and cures many ills. I found, the water of it extremely cold. Opposite this well to the south of the sea, are the iniins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe; there is a cave which extends far under the ground, where they say, that Saint Patrick resorted often for prayer. In one of the suburbs of Korq there is an old tower ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they conscientiously believe to have been built by Saint Baril without lime or stone, to prove by this miracle his religion ; then it was lopped or half destroyed by the same saint, who jumped from the top to the bottom of it, and imprinted the mark of his foot on a flint stone, where the old women go with great devotion to say their prayers."

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

As the road passes through Sunday's Well, outside Cork, this is a place recorded by a French traveller who journeyed through the area. He had been travelling with a man called Neuel, a Catholic whose family had suffered in the religious wars. When they sought Neuel's father's house in Cork, they were told it now belonged to an English captain who had taken it on the seclusion of the Catholics from the town. Neuel learned that his father had lost more than £10,000 sterling and had fled to the country to avoid the tyranny of the English protestants. They found lodging with one of Neuel's uncles, where they were received with kindness. The writer stayed 8 days amid continual festivity before leaving to continue his travels, and the family repaid the money he had spent on the journey from Limerick. The same writer then described what lay beyond the town. 1 mile from Cork is a well the English called Sunday's Spring, or the fountain of Sunday. The Irish believe it is blessed and cures many ills. He found the water extremely cold. Opposite the well, to the south across the sea, stand the ruins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe. There is a cave that extends far under the ground, and they say Saint Patrick resorted there often for prayer.

Surrendered garrison at Coole murdered or imprisoned

Coole · townland · Cork

The garrison of Coole Castle surrendered based on a promise of quarter and safe convoy. However, they were subsequently murdered or kept as prisoners.

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Every day afforded fresh instances of the ill-faith and treachery of the Irish. The garrisons of the castles of Cloghleigh and Coole, who had surrendered upon a promise of c[uarter and safe convoy, were murdered or kept prisoners. Towards the end of this year lord Broghill and captain Jephson were added to lord Inchiquin as commissioners for the government of Munster by the lords justices, and were to have command in the army.
J\rov. — Lord Inchiquin being at Cork in great distress for want of pay for the army, called a coimcil of war, which came to a resolution to seize on part of the tobacco, of which there were great quantities belonging to the patentees, at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, and sell it to subsist the army.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 78

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, a garrison at Coole Castle surrendered after being promised quarter and safe convoy. That promise was broken. The men who gave themselves up were murdered, or kept as prisoners. The source calls it ill-faith and treachery. The same fate fell on the garrison at Cloghleigh. Around this time, Lord Inchiquin held command in Munster, and Lord Broghill and Captain Jephson were added as commissioners to help govern the province. Inchiquin was short of money to pay his army. He called a council of war, which decided to seize quantities of tobacco held at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, and sell it to keep the army fed.

Tuckey's Quay origins and transformation into Grand Parade

Grand Parade · street · Cork

Tuckey's quay was originally waste ground outside Cork's city wall, bounded by a river channel dividing it from Dunscombe's marsh. The channel was later filled in, and the combined quays now form the Grand Parade.

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* Tuckey's quay was originally the bank or waste ground outside the city wall, extending 1U30 feet from "the south river Lee, to the river of the middle key," and was bounded on the east by a channel of tlie river, which divided it from Dunscombe's marsh. The south part of it was afterwards called Post Office quay. The channel was at a subsequent period filled up, and with the q\iays at each side, now forms the Grand Parade.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 95

As the companion tells it

A stretch of waste ground outside the city wall, Tuckey's quay ran 130 feet from the south river Lee to the river of the middle key. A channel of the river bounded it on the east, dividing it from Dunscombe's marsh. The south part was afterwards called Post Office quay. That channel was later filled in, and with the quays at each side now forms the Grand Parade.

Violent hurricane strikes Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1789

A severe hurricane with winds from the S.W. struck Cork on September 30, 1789, blowing down houses and chimneys, tearing up trees by the roots, and driving boats and lighters from their moorings.

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Sept. 30. — At nine o'clock a most violent hurricane began, the wind at S.W., which blew a perfect storm until next morning. Several houses and chimneys were blown down, trees torn up by the roots, boats and lighters driven from their moorings^ and other injuries sustained.
Jan. 28. — This morning a bull,, driven by a numerous mob ygo from Fair lane, was beaten through Mallow lane, the Main street &.C. no person was however hurt. Two of the principals in this revival of a custom disgraceful to humanity were taken up, and lodged in bridewell.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 130

As the companion tells it

Cork felt the full force of a violent hurricane on the 30th of September, 1789. At nine o'clock that night the wind came from the south-west and blew what the record calls a perfect storm until the next morning. Several houses and chimneys were blown down. Trees were torn up by the roots. Boats and lighters were driven from their moorings, and other injuries were sustained across the city.

War proclaimed in Cork against Spain

Cork · city · Cork · 1739

On 5 November 1739 war was publicly proclaimed in Cork against the king of Spain. This reflects Cork's role as a major port where international conflicts were formally announced.

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1739 JSfov. 5. — War was proclaimed in Cork against the king of Spain.
Dec. 26. — The river Lee was frozen by one of the hardest frosts in the memory of man, usually called "the hard frost"; during the time it lasted tents were fixed on the river, from the north strand to Blackrock, and several amusements were carried on there, which continued even after the commencement of the thaw. One day a quaker having impmdently ventured too far down the channel, the ice broke, and he fell in. An arch wag seeing what happened, ran to the first tent and asked the owner, if any smuggled goods were in the cellar, and if so, desired him to secure them, otherwise they would be seized, as an exciseman had just gone down there to search. During this frost. Lough a Drippel near Dunman way, remained without freezing.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 98

As the companion tells it

Cork was where war was proclaimed on the 5th of November 1739, against the king of Spain. That same year, on the 26th of December, the river Lee froze over in what people called the hard frost, one of the coldest in living memory. Tents were set up on the frozen river, from the north strand to Blackrock, and amusements carried on there even after the thaw began. One day a Quaker ventured too far down the channel, the ice broke, and he fell in. A wag saw it happen, ran to the nearest tent, and asked the owner whether he had any smuggled goods in the cellar. If so, he said, he had better secure them, because an exciseman had just gone down there to search. During this same frost, Lough a Drippel near Dunmanway did not freeze at all.

Ballintobber: William Meade's non-resident estate near Kinsale

Ballintober · townland · Cork

Ballintobber, near Kinsale, was an estate owned by William Meade, ancestor of the earl of Clanwilliam. A 1652 list of Cork inhabitants shows Meade did not reside there, consistent with the preference of merchant families to live in the city.

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Some of these families had castles on their estates, as Meadestown, a castle of the Meades: Pouhielong or Shippool castle,* huilt by the Roches ; Garrycloyne castle belonging to the Sarsfields viscounts Kilmallock. These castles were probably necessary for the protection of the tenants and cattle of the estates ; but we are not to conclude that they v/ere the usual residences of their owners, who, as citizens, must have despised the barbarism of the country, and preferred the society of the towns. This conclusion is supported by a manuscript list of the ancient natives and inhabitants of the city of Cork, drawn up in 1652, f among whom we find Daniel, viscount Kilmallock, the owner of Garrycloyne castle, and John Meade, of Meadestown. Yet peace and security had prevailed in the country for many years previous to 1641. The estates of the others are not mentioned. William Meade, esq. , is named in the list. lie was probably the same person who is mentioned in the peerages as the ancestor of the earl of Clanwilliam, and as being the owner of an estate called Ballintobber, near Kinsale, on which, however, it appears by this list, he did not think fit to reside. We may take this opportunity to observe, that the investigation of family history is of more use than is commonly supposed ; it often contributes to throw liglit on the history of mankind and human nature ; we have endeavoured to press it into our service ; but our materials are very scanty. We would earnestly urge our countrymen, on

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Ballintobber, near Kinsale, an estate owned by William Meade. He is named in the peerages as the ancestor of the earl of Clanwilliam. Several families in this part of Cork had castles on their estates. Meadestown was a castle of the Meades. Pouhielong, or Shippool castle, was built by the Roches. Garrycloyne castle belonged to the Sarsfields, viscounts Kilmallock. These castles were probably necessary for the protection of the tenants and cattle of the estates. But they were not necessarily the usual residences of their owners, who, as citizens, must have despised the barbarism of the country and preferred the society of the towns. A manuscript list of the ancient natives and inhabitants of the city of Cork, drawn up in 1652, supports this. Among those listed we find Daniel, viscount Kilmallock, the owner of Garrycloyne castle, and John Meade, of Meadestown. Both were living in the city, not on their estates. William Meade is also named in the list. He was probably the same person who owned Ballintobber, near Kinsale, and on that estate he did not think fit to reside. Peace and security had prevailed in the country for many years before 1641, yet these merchant families still chose the town over their own lands.

All Roman Catholics expelled from city of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1652

All Roman Catholic inhabitants were turned out of the city of Cork and Protestant magistrates were chosen for its government, marking a major civic and religious disruption.

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A.D. evidences, dated 27th November 1653, is copied a certificate without date or signature, stating, that at the enemies last being in this barony, on the '''■Isi of this monthj^ among the rest of their plundering, burning and preying, John Carewof Garivoc, esq. had been at the loss of £200 worth of corn, besides two goodly thatched houses, all burned on the lands of Ballyknockane, near Ballymartyr, and that all his tenants' corn and houses there had been also burned, and their cattle carried away by the said party. On the 18th April 1661, this John Carew petitioned the king, stating that he had no hand in the plunders, &c. against the protestants in 1641, or afterwards, having lived under the protection of the English gaiTisons, and that for no other cause but his religion and loyalty, he was "expulsed" out of his estate and possessions, disclaiming any concurrence in the decree for reprisals, or any entry upon thematLoughrea, and demanding his former possessions. On the 16th Jvdy 1661, the king, by sign manual, ordered them to be restored; but this v/as never done, nor does he appear to have obtained the reprisals at Loughrea. He was son of Sir Robert Carew of Garivoe, knight, who was son of John Carew, of the same place. Smith says that the castles of Ballycrenane and Garivoe were built by the Carews, and that in the church of Garivoe, there was in his time, an ancient tomb-stone of this family, but the inscription was not legible. On the 5th July 1779, the Rev. John Russel Carew of Cork, a protestant clergyman, inserted an advertisement in Bagnell's Cork newspaper, stating that some advertisements had lately appeared relative to Garivoe, part of the ancient estate of his great great grandfather Sir Robert Carew, and his ancestors ; that he had found king Charles II's letter, ordering the restoration of his estates, and that he intended applying to the court of chancery for redress. 1552 All the Roman Catholic inhabitants were tm-ned out of the

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 84

As the companion tells it

The city of Cork saw a profound rupture in 1652. All the Roman Catholic inhabitants were turned out of the city, and Protestant magistrates were chosen for its government. It was a sweeping civic and religious displacement, part of a wider pattern across the county. One example of that pattern is John Carew of Garivoe. A certificate copied into evidence dated 27th November 1653 states that when the enemy was last in the barony, John Carew had lost 200 pounds worth of corn and two thatched houses, burned on the lands of Ballyknockane near Ballymartyr. His tenants' corn and houses were also burned, and their cattle carried away. On the 18th of April 1661, John Carew petitioned the king, stating he had no hand in the plundering against Protestants in 1641 or afterwards, having lived under the protection of the English garrisons. He said that for no other cause but his religion and loyalty, he was "expulsed" out of his estate and possessions. He disclaimed any part in the decree for reprisals at Loughrea, and demanded his former possessions. On the 16th of July 1661, the king ordered them to be restored, but this was never done. He was son of Sir Robert Carew of Garivoe, knight, son of John Carew of the same place. Smith says the castles of Ballycrenane and Garivoe were built by the Carews, and in the church of Garivoe there was an ancient tombstone of this family, though the inscription was no longer legible. On the 5th of July 1779, the Reverend John Russel Carew of Cork, a Protestant clergyman, placed an advertisement in Bagnell's Cork newspaper. He said advertisements had appeared concerning Garivoe, part of the ancient estate of his great-great-grandfather Sir Robert Carew. He had found King Charles II's letter ordering the restoration of the estates, and intended applying to the Court of Chancery for redress.

Armed soldiers patrol and rob Cork citizens

Cork · city · Cork · 1790

For several nights around late November 1790, parties of soldiers armed with side arms patrolled the streets of Cork and robbed gentlemen of their watches and money as early as eight o'clock in the evening.

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JSTov. 25. — For some nights past, parties of soldiers, with their side arms, patrolled the streets, and robbed different gentlemen of their watches and money, and that at so early an hour as eight o'clock.
There was more sickness in the city this winter, than had been known for many years past.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 130

As the companion tells it

Through Cork, in late November 1790, parties of soldiers walked the streets with their side arms. For several nights they stopped gentlemen and robbed them of their watches and money, as early as eight o'clock in the evening. That winter the city saw more sickness than had been known for many years.

Cork city governance and trade oppression

Cork · city · Cork

A writer attacks Cork's six ward aldermen for dispensing justice illegally and leaving blank warrants with their wives. He describes the Staple Court as nearly defunct, its authority sapped by parliamentary acts, and condemns trade companies for converting their charter powers to oppress workmen and extract fees.

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As a consequence of his previous remarks on the authority of aldermenof the wards and rights of the staple, he infers the unlawfulness of certain acts of these bodies; and as such acts have no place in our days, we may mention them. He tells us, that they made such as were not free of their respective trades paysomething every quarter for working at their mystery. He says, that the original intention of incorporating tradesmen into companies, was to discover and prevent frauds in trade, " which valuable qualification'' says he "they have converted into a power to raise money, oppress workmen, and hunt them out of the city." Hence he deduces also the illegality of the commitments by some mayors, " who fancy" says he" " they can keep any man in gaol twenty-four hours without a warrant."
He rails at the saucy petulance of attorneys pleading in the city courts, and the patience of some mayors in bearing it ; also the cruelty of bailiffs in their manner of dragging prisoners to gaol. He tells us that the bailifts had above one hundred and fifty who paid them so much a week, from fears of vile treatment in case they should unhappily fall into their abominable paws hereafter, and that not only those wh6 had been, but those who feared to be in their merciless clutches paid tribute to their cruelty and power. "With what impudence," says he, " will some of these fellows approach a merchant and sneer familiarly in his face upon change ; and they get more hats in walking the street than a mayor out of his time. * * * * If ever I see an lionest

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

Cork was a city where a writer found much to condemn in how it was governed. He attacked the six ward aldermen for dispensing justice illegally, and he noted that they left blank warrants with their wives. The Staple Court he described as nearly defunct, its authority sapped by parliamentary acts. But his sharpest words were for the trade companies. They had been incorporated to discover and prevent frauds in trade, but he said they had, in his words, converted that into a power to raise money, oppress workmen, and hunt them out of the city. Men who were not free of their respective trades had to pay something every quarter just for working at their mystery. He went after the mayors too. Some of them, he said, fancied they could keep any man in gaol for twenty-four hours without a warrant. He complained about attorneys pleading in the city courts with what he called saucy petulance, and about mayors bearing it patiently. The bailiffs drew his fiercest anger. They dragged prisoners to gaol cruelly, and they had above 150 people paying them so much a week, from fear of vile treatment if they ever fell into what he called their abominable paws. Not only those who had been caught but those who feared they might be paid tribute to their cruelty and power. He wrote of some of these fellows approaching a merchant and sneering familiarly in his face upon change, and getting more hats walking the street than a mayor out of his time.

Danish founding of walled Cork city

Cork · city · Cork

Cork city began as a marshy island which the Danes took possession of and surrounded with walls. The principal towns of Ireland were said to have been founded by the Danes or Ostmen.

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The principal towns of Ireland were founded by the Danes or Ostmen ; we may suspect that others had a similar origin from their hostility towards the inhabitants of the country, which seems to have been transmitted to them from the earliest times. We are told that the city of Cork was a marshy island, which the Danes took possession of, and surrounded with walls ; l)ut it is also asserted that it took its rise from a school or monastery established by saint Finbarr, at lough Eire, in the sixth century,* to which such numbers flocked from all parts, that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. The south-west suburb of Cork is at present only about one hundred yards distant from a small lake called "the lough"'; and in the same quarter of the city, on a rising ground, stands the cathedral church of saint Finbarr, at no great distance from the lough, and very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city. The vicinity of a number of marshy islands
* St. Nessau who was educated at this school under St. Finbarr, died according to the annals of the four masters in 551. Ware tells us that St. Colman, whose father Lenin was a discii)le of Finbarr, died in 604. These dates seem to agree pretty accurately as to the time when St. Finbarr flourished. Yet Ware in another place says, that he founded the cathedral of Cork in the early part of the 7th century — a date which we may fairly reject as many years too late.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Cork began as a marshy island. The Danes took possession of it and surrounded it with walls, and it became one of the principal towns of Ireland said to have been founded by the Danes or Ostmen. Their hostility towards the inhabitants of the country seems to have been transmitted from the earliest times. But there is another account. It is also asserted that the city took its rise from a school or monastery established by Saint Finbarr at Lough Eire in the sixth century. Such numbers flocked to it from all parts that it changed a desert, as it were, into a large city. The south-west suburb is at present only about one hundred yards distant from a small lake called "the lough." On a rising ground in the same quarter stands the cathedral church of Saint Finbarr, at no great distance from the lough, and very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city. The vicinity holds a number of marshy islands. Saint Nessan was educated at this school under Saint Finbarr, and died according to the annals of the Four Masters in 551. Ware tells us that Saint Colman, whose father Lenin was a disciple of Finbarr, died in 604. These dates seem to agree pretty accurately as to the time when Saint Finbarr flourished. Yet Ware in another place says that he founded the cathedral in the early part of the 7th century, a date which may fairly be rejected as many years too late.

Forces ordered to Great Island

near Great Island · townland · Cork · 1667

As part of defensive preparations against possible naval attack, Lord Orrery ordered forces to march into the Great Island, strategically guarding the approach to Cork harbour.

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Jime — The earl of Orrery assembled the bishop, mayor, aldermen, and citizens of Cork, with the officers of the army and militia, and gave them an account of the burning of the fleet at Chatham by the Dutch. He issued out requisite orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty, and had a cheerful assurance from all present that they would follow the same as long as they lived, and that the militia, then consisting of 600 foot and 60 horse, were ready to do duty when commanded. In case of any sea alarm, he ordered some forces to march into the Great Island, and a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly: and on tliis occasion also garrisons were placed in Castlemore, Mallow and Doneraile.
Aug. — A fire broke out in Scilly near Kinsale, which consumed a great part of the place.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in 1667, the earl of Orrery ordered forces to march onto Great Island, guarding the approach to Cork harbour. The order came after news reached Cork that the Dutch had burned the fleet at Chatham. Orrery assembled the bishop, the mayor, the aldermen, and the citizens of Cork, along with the officers of the army and the militia, and gave them an account of what had happened. He issued orders for the preservation of the city for his majesty. All present gave him a cheerful assurance that they would follow those orders as long as they lived. The militia then consisted of 600 foot and 60 horse, and they were ready to do duty when commanded. In case of any sea alarm, he also ordered a party of the militia to garrison the castle of Belvelly. Garrisons were placed as well in Castlemore, Mallow, and Doneraile.

Letters sent to suppress Catholic assemblies

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1679

On March 31, 1679, letters were sent from the council board to chief magistrates of Cork, Kinsale, and other corporations, ordering suppression of Catholic assemblies and prohibiting celebration of their services within and without the walls.

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magistrates of the several corporations of Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Youghal, Clonmel, Galwey, Kilkenny, Drogheda, Kinsale, Wexford, Athlone and Ross, for suppressing the assemblies of the papists, and prohibiting the celebration of their popish services within and without the walls of the said corporations.
Oct. — The earl of Orrery died in the o9th year of his age.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 89

As the companion tells it

Kinsale was one of the towns named in orders sent from the council board on 31 March 1679. Letters went to the chief magistrates of Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Youghal, Clonmel, Galwey, Kilkenny, Drogheda, Kinsale, Wexford, Athlone and Ross, commanding them to suppress Catholic assemblies and prohibit the celebration of their services within and without the walls.

Limerick sends 300 men to meet Sidney

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1565–1575

The city of Limerick sent 300 men to join Sidney as he travelled from Cork, demonstrating the towns' willingness to serve the government. Sidney cited this as reason for the queen to have regard for these towns as the only force to trust outside the English pale.

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Going from Cork to Limerick, he met further instances of the loyalty of the towns : being in danger from the earl of Desmond's men, he received from the town of Kilmallock, a reinforcement of eight or nine score of well appointed footmen ; and was soon after joined by three hundred more, whom the city of Limerick sent to meet him: "This partly I write," says he, "to the end your majesty should have regard to these your towns ; they are the only force that your majesty hath to tmst to out of the English pale of this your realm."
In 1 575, he made another progress through the kingdom, and on this occasion also was well pleased with the loyalty of the towns;

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 25

As the companion tells it

Travelling from Cork, Sidney was in danger from the earl of Desmond's men. The town of Kilmallock sent a reinforcement of eight or nine score well-appointed footmen. Then the city of Limerick sent 300 men to meet him. He wrote to the queen,

Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg feeds poor of Aghada

Aghada · townland · Cork · 1800

Three hundred poor families of the union of Aghada returned thanks to Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg, who had provided their daily support for several months, with one of his children helping to see them supplied at his residence.

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^ug. 4. — The poor families of the union of Aghada, returned thanks, in the Hibernian Chronicle of this date, to Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg, three hundred of whom owed their daily support to him for several months ; one of his children assisting to see them plentifully supplied at his own residence.
23. — A most dreadful fire broke out in Cat lane, by which fifty thatched houses were destroyed.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 136

As the companion tells it

Close to Aghada, three hundred poor families once owed their daily support to Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg. For several months he fed them, and one of his children helped see them plentifully supplied at his own residence. On the fourth of August in 1800, those families returned their thanks, published in the Hibernian Chronicle.

Postman robbed of mail between Skibbereen and Bantry

Skibbereen · town · Cork · 1808

The postman carrying mails from Skibbereen to Bantry and Castletown was attacked by two men with blackened faces, robbed of the mail, and severely ill-treated.

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June 30. — The postman, who was conveying the mails from •Skibbereen to Bantry and Castletown, was attacked by two men with their faces blackened, and robbed of the mail, after being severely ill treated.
July 7. — Sir Arthur Wellesley and suite, arrived in this city, at an early hour this day. The committee of merchants paid him their respects, as the Chief Secretary of the Irish government. On the following day he dined with the mayor.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 145

As the companion tells it

Skibbereen. On the 30th of June, 1808, the postman carrying the mails from here to Bantry and Castletown was attacked by two men with their faces blackened. They robbed him of the mail, after severely ill-treating him.

Privateer blocks Cork harbour and fires near Trabolgan

Trabolgan · townland · Cork · 1782

A cutter privateer appeared off Cork harbour and completely blocked it up for three days, firing at and taking a vessel just under the house of Mr. Roche of Trabolgan.

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.April 19. — A cutter privateer appeared oS' this harbour and completely blocked it up for the space of three days : she fired at and took a vessel just under the house of Mr. Eoche of Trabolgan.
J\Iay 1. — There were dancing, prize-fighting and running in bags at the Mardyke field.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 123

As the companion tells it

Close to Trabolgan, in April 1782, a cutter privateer appeared off Cork harbour and completely blocked it up for three days. She fired at and took a vessel just under the house of Mr. Roche of Trabolgan.

Rapparees destroy mile-stones between Doneraile and Farrihy

Doneraile · townland · Cork

Rapparee villains destroyed all the numbered mile-stones along the road from Doneraile to Farrihy. The act represented targeted destruction of infrastructure.

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Some rappary villians destroyed all the numbered mile-stones from Doneraile to Farrihy.
23. — The fishermen of Kinsale, with many others, assembled and broke open a cellar in this town, which contained 250 bags of wheat for transportation, and by the vigilant conduct of the magistrates, it was carried to the public granary, to be disposed of for the public.

Internet Archive countycityofcork00tuck, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, rapparee villains destroyed every numbered mile-stone along the road from Doneraile to Farrihy. The stones were markers meant to measure the road, and they were all broken or removed.

The county and city of Cork remembrancer; or, Annals of the county and city of Cork

The stories, best first

Prince de Monsereda forced into Castletownshend

Admiral Keppel acquittal celebrated in Cork and Macroom

Ancient extent and destruction of Cork's suburbs

Attempted capture of Liscarroll castle repulsed

Barrys of Lemlara preserved estates through confiscations

Bishop Richard Wye apprehended at Waterford by Richard II

Blarney volunteers celebrate free trade on the Green

Camden visits Midleton cloth manufactory

Camera obscura erected on Grand Parade Cork

Castlepark harbour fort — platform and vaulted apartment

Chairing of Christopher Hely Hutchinson in Cork

Clonmel, Cashel and Fethard under siege-like distress, 1567

Cork bye-law requires sheriffship before mayoralty

Cork city political club consolidates power

Cork city so destroyed citizens threatened to leave

Cork Irish ordered to keep markets outside walls

Cork legion mounted city guards during French crisis

Devastating flood between Glen of Aherlow and Galbally

Discovery of subterranean chambers with hundreds of skeletons at Peake

Downshire militia marched out of Cork

Earthquake and tidal surge at Cork and Kinsale

Fire destroys 73 cabins in south liberties of Cork

Fire destroys tallow-house in South Main Street, Cork

Foreign fishing fleets at Blackrock

Free debating society established at Tuckey Street music hall

Green Coat Hospital built on old churchyard ground

Kanturk Castle — improved Elizabethan building style

Lord Deputy's six-week stay in Cork city

Mac Fineen escapes Cork and attacks Castletown

Mayor of Cork's victory rewarded by Queen Elizabeth

New swivel pillory constructed in Cork

O'Brien of Thomond campaigns in Limerick, Kerry, and Cork

Officer killed in Tuckey Street guard-room quarrel

Orrery assembles Cork officials for defence

Registration of Roman Catholic priests in Cork

Sentinel shot at General Floyd's door in Cork

Sham-battle at Douglas Bridge on St Patrick's Day 1779

Sidney encamped near Clonmel expecting battle

Siege and battle of Liscarroll castle

Sloop with new loom destroyed near old drawbridge

Soldier brutally houghed near the magazine

Soldier shot at Mardyke field

Stone house in Cork used as king's prison

Sunday's Well and monastery ruins near Cork

Surrendered garrison at Coole murdered or imprisoned

Tuckey's Quay origins and transformation into Grand Parade

Violent hurricane strikes Cork city

War proclaimed in Cork against Spain

Ballintobber: William Meade's non-resident estate near Kinsale

All Roman Catholics expelled from city of Cork

Armed soldiers patrol and rob Cork citizens

Cork city governance and trade oppression

Danish founding of walled Cork city

Forces ordered to Great Island

Letters sent to suppress Catholic assemblies

Limerick sends 300 men to meet Sidney

Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg feeds poor of Aghada

Postman robbed of mail between Skibbereen and Bantry

Privateer blocks Cork harbour and fires near Trabolgan

Rapparees destroy mile-stones between Doneraile and Farrihy