The early history of the town of Birr, or Parsonstown : with the particulars of remarkable events there in more recent times, also the towns of Nenagh, Roscrea, Banagher, Tullamore, Philipstown, Frankford, Shinrone, Kinnetty and Ballyboy and the ancient septs, princes, and celebrated places of the surrounding country

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. English and native plundering of Clonmacnoise town and church

   Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1199–1204

   Between 1199 and 1204 Clonmacnoise was repeatedly plundered: Cahall Carragh O'Connor with William Burke's forces raided the hospitals, Meyler's English of Leinster pillaged the town and churches, and the English of Milicke stripped the church, sanctuary and town of everything including vestments, books and provisions, laying waste the gardens and houses.

   Read the passage

   1199. Cahall Carragh O'Connor, with the forces of William Burke and others, this year plundered the " hospitals " of Clonmacnoise ; and the following year Meyler, at the head of the English of Leinster, pillaged the " town and churches " there. We are informed that again, the very year after, the English of Milicke, with others, plundered " the church, sanctuary, and town of Clonmacnoise," on the feast of St. Gregory ; and, although the spoil was very rich, they returned next day, and carried away everything that remained, including the vestments, books, and chalices of the church, with all the provisions of the abbot and monks ; and finally, they laid waste all the " gardens and houses in the town." The abbey was again plundered by William Burke in 1204, three years afterwards.

   1205. An accidental fire consumed forty-seven houses, at the place called Lisean Abbey, at Clonmacnoise, and this same year Melaghlin O'Melaghlin, erected a stone altar in the great church.

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 152

2. Father Brooks burned out and exiled from Kilcommon in 1798

   Kilcommon · townland · Tipperary · 1798

   Father Brooks, Parish Priest of Kilcommon during the troubled times of 1798, had his chapel burned and was sentenced to transportation into Connaught via the ferry at Portumna, but Galway gentlefolk, offended by the imposition, marched him back to Kilcommon.

   Read the passage

   On the outside of Kilcommon church-yard, there stood heretofore the dwelling-house in which the celebrated Father Brooks lived. He was Parish Priest here in the troubled times of 1798, and his chapel stood hard by. But the house of God and its Priest both fell under the displeasure of those in power at that time. The chapel was set on fire and consumed, and Father Brooks was deemed unfit to abide longer in Leinster, and it was well for himself he was suffered to live longer anywhere. Ho was sentenced to be transported into Connaught, and that sentence was forthwith executed by putting him over the ferry

   214 BBtJtSNA.

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 92

3. Fitzpatrick's defiant message to Henry VIII, and his tomb at Fartagh

   Fartagh · townland · Cavan

   The chieftain MacGillaphadric (Fitzpatrick) of Upper Ossory sent a monk with a defiant message to Henry VIII threatening war unless the Earl of Ormond was punished for attacking his territory. This bold lord is buried at Fartagh church near Ballyspellan.

   Read the passage

   That is, Stand my Lord King. My Lord Gilpatrick sent me to you and ordered me to say, that if you do not choose to punish Eed Peter, he will make war against you. " Red Peter " here mentioned was the Earl of Ormond, and Lord Deputy of Ireland, who was then after making an attack on Gilpatrick' s territory ; and it is said a monk was the bearer of this warlike message to the king. This spirited Lord of Upper Ossory now sleeps unheeded in his lonely tomb at Fartagh church, near Ballyspellan.

   Yet, while we look down from Ard-na-Erin, we are reminded of a stain upon Upper Ossory which cannot be effaced while history remains ; for on the plain immediately below, the people of Ossory attacked tin-

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 72

4. General Ireton Hangs Governor from Nenagh Castle Window

   Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1651

   In 1651, General Ireton besieged Nenagh and forced the garrison to surrender. According to tradition, he caused the governor to be hung out of one of the highest windows of the castle.

   Read the passage

   In front of the keep was the spacious baronial hall, and around were massive walls, with four other round towers of lesser size, and a lofty portcullised gate. This castle was commonly called "Nenagh Bound," and must have been well calculated to resist the attacks of forces using arrows and battering rams, but when gunpowder came well into use, "Nenagh Bound" was unable to hold out very long against ordnance placed on the heights commanding it. Thus Owen Boe O'Neill with the Irish took it in 1641, and it was retaken by Lord Inchiquin. In 1651, General Ireton besieged the town and forced the garrison to surrender, when, according to tradition, he caused the governor to be hung out of one of the highest windows of the castle. In 1688, Long Anthony 0' Carroll, one of the O'Carrolls of Ely, and an active leader under Sarsfield, took the place, and for a time made it the centre of his operations, although the surrounding walls were battered down, the small towers almost levelled, and the keep unroofed ; but after a time he abandoned it on the approach of General Leveson, having burned the town in his retreat, this being the second or third time Kenagh was burned by the O'Carrolls.

   This venerable keep, having survived the various vicissitudes of war through so many centuries, appears to have been threatened with destruction in a more inglorious way, within comparatively late years. When " Nenagh Bound" became a ruin, and was no longer worth contending for, it was soon clothed with a rich mantle of ivy, which naturally formed a stronghold

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 129

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Nenagh in Tipperary, the old castle, once called Nenagh Bound, was built to resist arrows and battering rams with massive walls, four round towers, and a portcullised gate, but once gunpowder came into use, it could not hold out long. Owen Boe O'Neill took it in 1641, Lord Inchiquin retook it, and in 1651, General Ireton besieged the town and forced the garrison to surrender. According to tradition, Ireton caused the governor to be hung out of one of the highest windows of the castle. In 1688, Long Anthony O'Carroll, one of the O'Carrolls of Ely and an active leader under Sarsfield, took the place and made it the centre of his operations, though the walls were battered down, the small towers almost levelled, and the keep unroofed. He abandoned it on the approach of General Leveson, having burned the town in his retreat, the second or third time it was burned by the O'Carrolls, and the venerable keep survived centuries of war only to be clothed in a rich mantle of ivy when it became a ruin.

5. King Felym's sacrilege and death after cursing

   Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 846–847

   In 846 Felym, king of Cashel, plundered the lands and houses of St. Kieran, but the abbot cursed him and prayed for his reign to end quickly. Felym subsequently retired, did severe penance, and died before the year's end.

   Read the passage

   846. Felym, king of Cashel, again plundered the " tearmon lands and houses of St. Kieran," but the abbot laid on him his malediction and prayed that his reign might speedily end ; the prayer prevailed, as we are told ; for king Felym retired from the world the following year, underwent a severe penance for his sacrilegious crimes, and died towards the close of the year, his end being truly exemplary.

   867. Died Martin, a scribe of this abbey. His tombstone is at Clonmacnoise yet.

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 149

6. Knocksheegowna, fairy-inhabited hill and seat of the 'gentle people'

   Knocksheegowna · mountain or mountain range · Waterford

   Knocksheegowna hill, said to mean 'the hill of the heifer spirit,' was reputedly a site of pagan cattle-god worship and has long been supposed to be the head quarters of the fairy folk, or 'the good people.'

   Read the passage

   A short distance from Ballyloughnane on entering Lower Ormond by the road to Ballingarry, a prospect of considerable beauty opens before one. In front at a few miles distance rises the well-known hill called Knocksheegowna, with its fairy inhabited castle on the summit, bringing to mind the history, stories, and legends of old Ireland in past times. The name Knocksheegowna is generally reputed to mean " the hill of the fairies," but it seems literally to be "the hill of the heifer spirit," — the cattle god of the Irish in pagan times. This hill was then probably celebrated for the worship of that false deity, and the neighbourhood is even yet particularly suited for the rearing of heifers. It seems to have been from the Irish deities the popular idea of fairies originated ; and Knocksheegowna has long been supposed to be the head quarters of " the gentle people." Indeed the name and the romantic appearance of this hill, and the associations connected with it, suggest the presence here, if anywhere, of "the good people."

   At the foot of Knochsheegowna is the village of Ballingarry — the ancient Baile-an-Gharrdha, or " town of the garden." We are here again reminded of never-ending dissensions not only amongst Irishmen, but even among Irishmen of the same family ; for the Four Masters record that in 1599, " John, the son of Giolla-Dubh, son of James O'Kennedy of Baile-an- Gharrdha of Knoch-Sith-Una (Knocksheegowna) in

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 116

7. Lord of Fearcall Treacherously Slain at Lynally

   Lynally · parish · Offaly · 1533

   In 1533, the lord of Fearcall was treacherously slain on the plain of Lynally by his own brother Peregrine and his nephew Art. His brother Cahir was then nominated as the new O'Molloy chief.

   Read the passage

   1533, the lord of Fear call was treacherously slain on the plain of Lynally by his brother Peregrine, and his nephew Art, and his brother Cahir " was nominated the O'Molloy." Donald, the son of Theobald O'Molloy, was slain in the year 1582, and "his death was the less lamented on account of his having endeavoured to supplant and expel his father, in order that he might himself assume his place." In 1585, Conall O'Molloy, lord of Fercall attended Queen Elizabeth's Parliament in Dublin ; and on his death, in 1599, his son Calvach assumed his place "by the power of the Queen." There were, however, " gentlemen of his lineage who objected to and opposed him, according to the law of the Irish concerning that title."

   Although at times in favour with the English, O'Molloy also appears to have occasionally joined his Irish neighbours in opposing them. Thus, during the Irish wars of Queen Elizabeth, O'Molloy of Fearcall at least once united with the 0' Conors, O'Dunnes, and MacCoghlans in raising forces against the Queen. As Ireland was continually devastated by these wars for nearly thirty years, up to the year 1602, there was ample time and opportunity for those inclined, to take different sides in the contest. History shows, however, that whichever side their ruler for the time espoused, and whether they were invaded by the English Lord Deputy, as in 1537 (p. 26), and at other times, including the year 1580 (p. 32), or by the Irish, like Hugh O'Neill, in the year 1600 (p. 160), the people of Fearcall suffered severely during the

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 99

8. Sarsfield's review and mercy on the Birr meadows

   Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1689

   Colonel Sarsfield reviewed Oxburgh's regiment on the Birr meadows; two deserting soldiers were caught and condemned to be shot, but Sarsfield pardoned them after Oxburgh's wife and daughter pleaded on their knees.

   Read the passage

   them. They were soon overtaken and brought back, and condemned to be shot; but Colonel Oxburgh's wife and daughter being near at hand in great pomp in their coach, threw themselves upon their knees, supplicating for mercy-, and the generous warrior Sarsfield, obliged to yield to their entreaties, forgave the culprits. Sarsfield having disbanded nine companies of Oxburgh's regiment at this review, went from thence to Portumna, where he disbanded forty -three companies of Lord Galway's corps, the men of which being left without means of support, were forced to become raparees and highwaymen. To make a slight digression, it may be mentioned here that the " MS. Narrative of Sir Laurence Parsons," states that the name " Eaparee," so common in former times, conies from a sort of half-pike, with which they used to be armed, and which the " Narrative " says, was, in Irish, called rapparee. However, Mr. O'Keilly, in his Dictionary, says, that " Eapaire " signifies " a noisy fellow," and which appears to be the more probable derivation of the word.

   At this time, 1689, Colonel Oxburgh was appointed by the Government, Provost Marshall of the King's County. He showed his authority by riding through the country in great state, and causing gallows to be erected in several places. Amongst the rest he had a gallows with three pegs, put up in the street of Birr, which was then supposed to be intended for the execution of Sir Laurence Parsons, Mr. Jonathan Darby, and James Eascoc. This gallows was erected

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft

9. Second battle of Moylena, 907 AD

   Moylena · street · Offaly · 907

   Another great battle was fought at Moylena in 907, in which Munster forces under Cormac MacCullenan, Archbishop of Cashel and King of Munster, defeated with great slaughter the army of Flann Sionna, monarch of Ireland.

   Read the passage

   Con of the Hundred Battles, overcame Eogan More, King of Munster, and his Spanish auxiliaries, many thousands being slain on both sides. Another great battle was fought at Moylena in 907, in which the Munster forces, under Cormac MacCullenan, Archbishop of Cashel and King of Munster, defeated with great slaughter, the army of Flann Sionna, monarch of Ireland.

   There are several gentlemen of the name, who claim to be descended from the ancient Irish sept of O'Molloy of Fearcall. According to the learned Dr. O'Donovan, however, the late Daniel Molloy, J.P., of Clonbella, near Birr, was chief representative of O'Molloy, Prince of Fearcall. Near the entrance gate of Clonbella — which is on the road from Birr to Thomastown, and in ancient Fearcall — there is a remarkable chalybeate spring covered with a stone canopy, and kept in nice order. In September 1825, the water of this spa was analysed by a noble and well-informed amateur chemist, the late Eight Hon. William, Earl of Eosse, then Lord Oxmantown. His Lordship having afterwards attained a very high rank amongst eminent scientific and literary men, it may be interesting to give in his own words the result of this analysis of the water of the Clonbella Spa, made by him when a young man, and contained in a letter from him at the time to the humble individual who writes this. The following is a copy : —

   Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 107

10. The founding and siege of Monasteroris Abbey

    Monasteroris · townland · Offaly · 1325–1521

    The ruins of the Abbey of Monasteroris, near Edenderry, were founded in 1325 by Sir John de Bermingham; the place was once a fortress and in 1521 held out a considerable time against the Earl of Surrey before being taken.

    Read the passage

    Edendery, in the King's County. It was founded in 1325, by Sir John do Bermingham ; and Nicholas Herbert, who died in 1581, had a grant of it. This place was called Totmoy in early times, but the abbey was named "Monaster Feoris," meaning Bermingham's monaster — Bermingharn being called in Irish "Mac Feorais" Monasteroris was once a place of strength, and in 1521 held out a considerable time against the Earl of Surrey, then Lord Lieutenant, but he afterwards took and kept possession of it.

    The Four Masters informs us that in 1536, in the reign of Henry VIII., "O'Conor Faily, that is Bryan, the son of Cahir, was expelled from his territory, and after many of his people had been slain, all his castles were taken and demolished by the Saxon Lord Justice, that is Lord Leonard (Lord Leonard Gray), and it was through the conspiracy and at the instigation of 0' Conor's own brother, Cathal Koe, these acts were perpetrated." The same writers state that O'Conor and O'Moore went to England in 1548, with "the Lieutenant," and the king gave their estates, Leix and Offaley, to the Lieutenant and his kinsmen (the Bellinghams), who built " two large courts " at Maryboro' and at Philipstown. They then began " to let these lands for rent, as if they had been their own rightful inheritance," after having expelled their hereditary heirs, O'Conor and O'Moore, with their families and kindred.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 111

11. The shrine of St. Manchan opened at Doon

    Doon · electoral division · Offaly

    The celebrated cruciform yew shrine of St. Manchan, said to contain the saint's relics, was preserved on the altar of the Roman Catholic Church at Lemanaghan. George Petrie opened the shrine at Doon and found black earth and an old chalice inside.

    Read the passage

    The very curious and celebrated shrine of St. Manchan, was for many years preserved on the altar, in the Eoman Catholic Church in that parish. It was said to contain the relics of the saint. His friend, the late George Petrie, the learned antiquary, informed the writer of this work, that he had opened this shrine several years before, at Doon, in the neighbourhood, then the residence of Mr. Mooney, and that it contained some black earth and an old chalice. The shrine is of a cruciform shape, made of yew, except the base, which is of a different timber. It was originally covered with silver, and most elaborately ornamented with crosses and bronze figures. It would be impossible to fully describe here this very interesting shrine, which was constructed probably in the eighth or ninth century.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 144

12. Tigernach O'Braoin, abbot and compiler of the Annals

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1088

    The celebrated Tigernach O'Braoin, abbot of Clonmacnoise and Kilcoman, died in 1088 having compiled the Annals of Clonmacnoise back to several centuries before Christ; he was interred at Clonmacnoise.

    Read the passage

    1088. The celebrated Tigernach O'Braoin, abbot of Clonmacnoise and of Kilcoman, died this year. He compiled the annals of Ireland, commonly called the Annals of Clonmacnoise^ down to this year, and was " a wise, learned, and eloquent teacher and doctor." These annals commence from several centuries before Christ, and contain frequent references to Greek and Latin authors, with extracts from Irish writers who had preceded him. He was interred at Clonmacnoise.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 149

13. Volunteer delegate meeting in Birr resolves on Irish legislative independence

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1781

    A meeting of delegates from several volunteer corps was held in Birr on 3 September 1781, chaired by Colonel Rolleston, which resolved that Ireland was an independent kingdom and condemned the Perpetual Mutiny Bill and Poynings' Law.

    Read the passage

    A meeting of delegates from several volunteer corps was held at Birr on the 3rd of September 1781, at which Colonel Rolleston presided. Upon this occasion it was resolved — first, That Ireland was an independent kingdom, and could only be bound by laws enacted by the King, Lords, and Commons of Ireland ; secondly, That a Perpetual Mutiny Bill was a measure of most dangerous tendency, as it vested a power in the Crown inconsistent with the liberties of the subject ; thirdly, That the law passed in the tenth of Henry VII., commonly called Poigning's Law, was unconstitutional, as the Parliament in which it was enacted was a partial representation of the people, and also, as it presumed to give away their rights, which the meeting apprehended exceeded the power of Parliament ; fourthly, That for the more impartial distribution of justice, it was proper that the Commission of the Judges should be during good behaviour.

    92 HISTORY OF BIRR.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft

14. Ancient stone cross at Castle Bernard demesne

    Kinnitty · parish · Offaly

    A very ancient sandstone cross stands in Castle Bernard demesne near the castle, with figures depicting events in the life of St. Patrick, including the probable conversion of Aengus, King of Cashel.

    Read the passage

    arms have been broken off. On the shaft, however, both front and back, are several compartments having figures which appear to have reference principally to events in the life of the Patron Saint of Ireland. There seems no fair reason to doubt that the second lowest compartment on the front of the cross was intended to represent the conversion to Christianity by St. Patrick, of Aengus who was King of Cashel about the time of that Saint's mission. We are informed, as well by tradition as by history, that during the religious ceremony of baptism, the point of the Apostle's pastoral staff accidentally penetrated the foot of Aengus, who, imagining this to be part of the ceremony, bore the pain without flinching or complaining. This seems to be the incident here represented. Aengus was killed at the battle of Killosnodh, which, according to the Four Masters, was fought in the year 490. As this cross plainly has reference to the conversion of Aengus, King of Cashel, it is probable that St. Colman, who founded Kilcoleman, near Birr, and was son of King Aengus, also founded or governed Kinnitty Abbey. This seems more probable from the fact, related by Lenigan, that a St. Colman of Kinnitty visited St. Brendan of Birr ; for Colman of Kilcoleman appears to have been cotemporary with Brendan of Birr. A full account and description of this interesting cross appeared in the Transactions of the " Kilkenny Archaeological Society " some years ago.

    There have been found at Castle Bernard several very curiously carved slabs and stones, and in the

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 69

15. Armed townspeople in Birr square with primed cannon during panic

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1820

    When the relief regiment arrived in Birr, they found consternation on every face, most people armed in some fashion, and two pieces of artillery ready primed with lighted matches in the town square.

    Read the passage

    Ribbonmen. So general was the alarm throughout the town, that an armed association was kept up the entire time, in which, although Protestants and Roman Catholics were united, it was with mutual feelings of suspicion and distrust. Two pieces of cannon, which had remained at Birr Castle since the memorable time of the Volunteers, were manned by such of the inhabitants as understood anything about the artillery service, and in compliance with the urgent request of the Earl of Rosse and the magistrates of the neighbourhood, Government ordered the 44th Regt. of Foot, then quartered at Templemore, to proceed by a forced march to the instant relief of Birr. " When arrived in Roscrea," said an officer of that gallant corps, " we expected to get some rest and refreshment, but to our great disappointment, we were ordered to proceed with unabated rapidity to Birr, which we reached in about four hours, after a march of nineteen miles. We there saw consternation depicted on every face. Most of the people had some kind of arms or other, and in the square were two peices of artillery ready primed, and with lighted matches."

    Such was the terror and confusion which then reigned in Birr, and to complete the business, one of the false letters recommended to get a few shots fired in the castle demesne, but fortunately this suggestion was not complied with, for these shots were intended as the signal for general destruction. The people of the town were to think them the commencement of an attack from the imaginary enemy, and thereupon

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 50

16. Cahir O'Conor Faily slain near Monasteroris, 1511

    Monasteroris · townland · Offaly · 1511

    Cahir O'Conor Faily, described as a generous entertainer of learned men and distinguished military leader, was slain in 1511 near Monasteroris by a party of his own people.

    Read the passage

    O'Conor Faily is also taken from the same writers. In 1451, Margaret, daughter of Teige O'Carroll, and wife of O'Conor Faily, died. She was " the best woman of her time in Ireland, for it was she who gave two general entertainments of hospitality in the one year to the poor." On the following day her son, Felim O'Conor, heir to the lordship, died, after being in a consumptive disease for a long time. In 1461, O'Conor Faily marched into Meath with upwards of a thousand horsemen, to burn and waste Meath, and finally " he received great presents from the English for granting them peace, as was always customary with those who held his place." The English of Meath and Leinster marched into Offaley in 1466, but were defeated by O'Conor Faily; and Thomas Fitzgerald, Earl of Desmond, was taken prisoner. In 1493, Fionnguala, daughter of Calvagh O'Conor Faily, died after surviving two husbands and maintaining her widowhood for forty-nine years "in a chaste, honourable, pious, and devout manner ; " and the same year, " O'Conor Faily, that is Cahir, the son of Con, son of Calvagh, was defeated by MacGeoghegan ; " and about the same time, Torlogh O'Conor and Cathal O'Conor were hanged by the same Cahir O'Conor Faily. This Cahir O'Conor who is alluded to as "a generous entertainer of learned men, and a distinguished military leader among the English and Irish," was slain in 1511, near Monasteroris, by a party of his own people.

    The ruins of the Abbey of Monasteroris are near

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 110

17. Difficult Journey to Portumna Reveals Wild Countryside

    Portumna · town · Galway · 1620

    Sir Laurence's steward Francis Morley was sent to prepare Birr Castle for reception, but the surrounding country was so wild and uncivilized that he needed a guide to reach the neighbouring village of Portumna. His account book survived into the possession of the Earl of Rosse as late as 1826.

    Read the passage

    In the same month of November 1620, Sir Laurence sent his steward, Francis Morley, afterwards clerk of the subsidies, to put the castle at Birr in fit order for his reception, and the country was then so wild and uncivilized, that Morley was obliged to employ a guide to conduct him to the neighbouring village of Portumna, for which, and his own expenses on the journey, he charged Sir Laurence five shillings and eightpence of the then currency, as appeared by his account book, which in 1826 was still in the possession of the then Earl of Eosse.

    The prices of provisions, work, and materials for building in Birr, in the end of 1620, and beginning of 1621, were, according to this account book, as follows: A labourer received from sixpence to eightpence a day ; a man and horse, one shilling a day ; a mason, one and fourpence ; mason work by the perch, two shillings and sixpence ; ditto, finding materials, six shillings and eightpence ; plastering, three farthings per yard ; hewing stones for coins and corbels, twopence halfpenny per fodt ; wainscoting, one shilling and threepence a yard, and two shillings and sixpence the border; iron, two shillings a stone; shoeing a horse, fourpence a shoe ; gunpowder, one shilling and six-

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 25

18. Gunpowder-shattered bishop's palace ruin

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

    West of the cemetery at Clonmacnoise stand the ruins of the castle or bishop's palace, notable for a large section of the building lifted from its foundation by gunpowder yet still standing balanced on one corner, held together by the strength of the ancient mortar.

    Read the passage

    A few hundred yards west of the cemetery are the ruins of the castle or bishop's palace, which, erected within a kind of rath or earthwork, is well worthy of attention. The visitor will here notice a remarkable example of the power of gunpowder, as well as of the excellence and strength of the mortar used in former times; for, a large portion of this building, lifted from the foundation, evidently by the force of gunpowder, yet stands almost upon one corner, the ancient mortar keeping the huge mass together, as if it were only one stone.

    In the same direction, and about twice as far more as the castle from the cemetery, is St. Kieran's well, close by the road from Shannon Bridge to Clonmacnoise. The well of St. Fineen is situate a little north

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 154

19. Magistrates' Coup at Birr Quarter Sessions

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1836

    In January 1836, Conservative magistrates assembled at Birr and forcibly removed chairman John Gibson from his seat at the Quarter Sessions court, installing Colonel Lloyd in his place. The affair caused controversy and was discussed by the press before Gibson was restored to the chair at the following Sessions.

    Read the passage

    in the King's County at all, and others who did reside in the County, were not in the habit of attending Quarter Sessions at Birr. The magistrates who thus assembled, on coming to the town on this morning, instead of going to the Court as they arrived, and as magistrates attending Quarter Sessions usually do, first met at a hotel, and then proceeded in a body through the street from the hotel to the Court-house. A few magistrates at the Court, who were not of the party, attempted to oppose the proceedings, but in vain ; for the Conservative Justices crowded in upon the bench, where Mr. Gibson, the chairman, was then deciding civil suits, and without giving any reason for doing so, passed a resolution that Colonel Lloyd, one of themselves, should take the chair. Upon this Mr. Gibson, quietly and with dignity retired, and having taken off his wig and gown, returned to the bench and took a place upon it, but not in the chair. The business then proceeded in the usual way, except that Colonel Lloyd acted as chairman, while Mr. Gibson, at his request, charged the jury in the several cases. This proceeding of a portion of the King's County magistrates, in thus assembling, pursuant to a circular to expel the chairman from the chair at Quarter Sessions, caused Lord Morpeth, then Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, to apply to Colonel Lloyd and some of the other magistrates for an explanation, but nothing further of any consequence appears to have been then done in regard to the matter, although it was much dis-

    124 HISTORY OF BIRR.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 55

20. Roman Catholics of Birr imprisoned in the Market-house by Kirk

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1690

    On his arrival, Major-General Kirk ordered all Roman Catholics in the town of Birr to be seized and imprisoned in the Market-house for three or four days until they gave bonds for good behaviour and agreed not to leave the town.

    Read the passage

    To resume from the " Narrative of Sir Laurence Parsons." The fortifications and trenches around Birr were commenced on Saturday, and twelve hundred men were employed at them on Sunday, and six or seven hundred men constantly afterwards for eight or ten days. Both gables of the Sessions-house were pulled down, and all the hedges, ditches and orchards within the works levelled, and the wood converted into fascines for the fortifications. On Major- General Kirk's arrival, his first act was to order all the Eoman Catholics in the town to be seized, and imprisoned in the Market-house, where they remained confined for three or four days, until they became bound, one for another, for their good behaviour, and that they would not depart the town. Kirk's next act was to order Lord Lisburn to burn all the houses between the town and Kacalier-bridge, to prevent the enemy from taking shelter in them. The town itself did not fare much better. Most of the houses without the fortifi-

    86 HISTORY OF BIRR.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 39

21. Search for pikes and muskets at Clonlisk Castle, 1639

    Clonlisk · townland · Offaly · 1639

    In 1639 the Lords Justices directed Sir William Parsons of Birr and Captain William Paisley to arrest John O'Carroll of Clonlisk and search his house; though O'Carroll had fled to Dublin, muskets and ten dozen pikes were discovered at Clonlisk, along with a secret coin chamber called 'the Chamber Arrigett.'

    Read the passage

    It appears from records of the proceedings, that in consequence of information received relative to John 0' Carroll, then of Clonlisk, the Lords Justices and Council directed their warrant, dated 30th November 1639, to Sir "William Parsons of Birr, and Captain "William Paisley, Provost-Marshall of Munster, requiring them to arrest 0' Carroll, and search his house, &c. They proceeded to Clonlisk, but 0' Carroll was not to be found there, being, as they were informed, in Dublin. It seems, however, from the examinations taken, that they then discovered muskets and ten dozen of pikes at Clonlisk, and they also learned that 0' Carroll had employed a smith at Ty one in Ormond, to make pikes. It likewise appeared there was a room in the house at Clonlisk called, " the Chamber Arrigett," which means, the coin or money chamber. This chamber was said to have been used

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 96

22. Sir Laurence Parsons denounced as rebel by Birr Grand Jury in 1798

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1798

    During the 1798 rebellion, despite great religious animosity and cruelties in Birr, Sir Laurence Parsons took no active part and was denounced as a rebel; the Grand Jury of the Quarter Sessions passed a vote of censure against him.

    Read the passage

    The disturbances did not reach any very alarming height in Birr or the neighbourhood during the rebellion of 1798 ; but still, great religious animosity prevailed, and some cruelties were practised there to extort confessions from those supposed capable of giving information. Sir Laurence Parsons at this time took no active part in affairs in Birr, which so offended some persons in it, that they denounced him as a rebel. They even carried their views so far as to move a vote of censure against him in the Grand Jury of the Quarter Sessions Court, held in Birr in that year. The names of those composing that Jury are still on record in the Peace Office of the King's County, or at least were some years ago. One gentleman on the Jury opposed the proceedings, but after much altercation, the vote against Sir Laurence was passed in the absence of the dissenting Juror. The only thing done by Sir Laurence to bring this censure upon him seemed to be his having declined to identify himself with the violent party ; and also because he had shortly before saved from transportation several persons tried by court-martial, including two men named Fitzpatrick, from Boveen, near Birr, one of whom, Patrick Fitzpatrick, afterwards kept a shop in Birr.

    96 HISTORY OF EIRE.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft

23. The well Fuaran and Birr's reputed status as the centre of Ireland

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    St Kieran was told by St Patrick to build his monastery at the well Fuaran near the centre of Ireland. Birr, only a few miles from Seir Kyran, was long reputed to be the centre of Ireland, and a stream still called Fuaran flows by the ruins there, alongside a holy well.

    Read the passage

    Kieran studied at Eome, and met St. Patrick in Italy, who desired him to go before him to Ireland, and at the well Fuaran, " a living fountain/' about the centre of the kingdom, to build a monastery where he (St. Patrick) would afterwards visit him. Whether such conversation took place or not, it is certain that Birr, which is only a few miles from the ruins at Seir Kyran, was long reputed to be the centre of Ireland ; while it is also true that a small stream, even yet called Fuaian, still purls away on the east side of the ruins at Seir Kyran. To the south of these ruins there is still likewise to be seen the holy well, or " living fountain," supposed to have been then alluded to by the Apostle of Ireland. Colgan states that in the earliest ages of Christianity in Ireland, St. Kyran founded a cell at Saygher, and he adds, "the blessed bishop Kyran began to live there like a hermit, because all around it was a wide spread desert and thickly wooded."

    St. Kyran is called " Primogenitus Sanctus Hiberniee," the first born Saint of Ireland ; and the Abbe Macgeoghan styles him the first of the Apostles of Ireland. "We are also informed that St. Patrick gave him a bell which was set up at Saiger, and was the first in Ireland, and that this bell remained silent until the Saint had reached the site destined for his monastery, whereupon the sweet tones of this blessed bell were heard to notify the fact. It is certain, however, that a bell belonging to this monastery was, in very early times indeed, held in great veneration through-

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 73

24. Abbot Bran M'Colman's Sepulchral Slab at Monaincha

    Monaincha · townland · Tipperary · 926–929

    The sepulchral slab of Abbot Bran M'Colman, who died in 926 or was killed by the Danes in 929, was seen at Monaincha Abbey near Roscrea before being moved to the museum of the Royal Irish Academy, and bore an Irish inscription reading 'Pray for Black Bran,' though it was erroneously identified as St. Cronan's tomb.

    Read the passage

    learning and sanctity. Thus in 827, died Ciaran, " a philosopher " of Eoscrea; and in 838, Aidean, Abbot of Koscrea, and Prior of Clonmacnoise, died. King Cormac M'Culenain in 909, ordered by will that his royal robes, embroidered with gold, and enriched with precious stones, should be deposited in this Abbey. In 916, died the Abbot Scanlan M'Gorman, who was a learned scribe and philosopher, and also Abbot of Clonemore Maedhog ; and the Abbot Bran M'Colman died in 926, according to some writers, while others say he was killed by the Danes in 929. The sepulchral slab of this Abbot was to be seen in Monaincha Abbey, near Eoscrea, some years ago, but it has been since placed in the museum of the Eoyal Irish Academy. The Irish inscription on it signified " Pray for Black Bran ;" notwithstanding which, it was erroneously pointed out as the tomb of St. Cronan. In 964, died Cormac O'Killein, Abbot of Eoscrea, and Bishop of Clonmacnoise; in 1119, died Fearghal, the " venerable elder of Eoscrea ; " and in 1161, died Isaac O'Cuanan, "stiled Bishop of Eoscrea." The question as to whether the round tower of Eoscrea, and other similar structures in other parts of Ireland, were erected for Christian or Pagan uses, and what particularly, and about what period, is too intricate to enter into here. There have been, and are, able champions on both sides, and whoever is right, there is no doubt that the venerable tower at Eoscrea is an interesting specimen of its kind. This tower is about eighty feet high, and

    136 ROSCREA.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 60

25. Abbot of Killeigh slain by the Danes

    Killeigh · town · Offaly · 872

    In 872, Donogh M'Moylduin, abbot of Killeigh, was slain in battle by the Danes, showing the monastery's exposure to Viking raids.

    Read the passage

    that in the year 550, St. Sincheal M'Cenenain, Abbot of Killeach, died of the plague, and that he probably founded the priory of Augustin Canons of the Holy Cross of Killeigh. In 807, St. Tigernach, Abbot of Killeigh, died ; and in 872, Donogh M'Moylduin, the abbot, was slain in battle by the Danes. A nunnery was founded at Killeigh by the family of Wan-en soon after the arrival of the English, for nuns of the Order of St. Augustin ; and a house for Grey-friars was erected here in the reign of King Edward I. (1272 to 1307), of which O'Conor was supposed to be the founder. Donald O'Bruin, "Guardian" of this friary, was made Bishop of Clonmacnoise in 1303. In the eighteenth year of the reign of Elizabeth, the monastery of Killeigh, with several parcels of lands and tithes, &c., was granted for ever in capite to John Lee, at the yearly rent of forty-five shillings and sixpence. Again, in May 1578, the abbey, with all its temporal possessions, was granted to Gerald, Earl of Kildare, and his heirs, at the yearly rent of thirtythree shillings and fourpence, he to maintain one able horseman.

    Killoughy, or Killaghy, also before referred to, was likewise called KiU-achad-dromfoda, from a long ridge of hills near it. This place was either in or adjoining the ancient Hyfaily, and although in the present barony of Ballyboy, is not far from the border of Geashill. We are informed that St. Sincheal M'Cenenain, already mentioned as the founder of Killeigh Monastery, was Abbot and Bishop of Kill-achad-

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 113

26. Ancient Gospel Manuscripts Preserved at Roscrea

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 516–599

    St. Canice wrote a copy of the Four Gospels called Glass Kennic at Roscrea, preserved there until Archbishop Usher's time, while another Gospel manuscript by the scribe Dimma was kept at Roscrea in an ornamented box and later discussed by the Royal Irish Academy.

    Read the passage

    To return to Boscrea, which has been left behind in following the track of the routed Danes. In former times Eoscrea was famed, not only for the valour of its inhabitants, and the magnificence of its buildings, but likewise as a seat of practical religion. We find accordingly, that St. Canice, who was born in 516, and died in 599, wrote here a copy of the Four Gospels, called Glass Kennic, or, " Chain of Canice," and which, Archbishop Usher tells us, was preserved in this town even until his own time. There was also a copy of the Gospels written by Dimma, a scribe, the son of Engus, son of Carthin, which possibly was the manuscript afterwards in the possession of the late Sir Wm. Betham, and which latter was certainly preserved at Boscrea in a most curiously wrought and ornamented box, and was several years ago the subject of much interesting discussion, in the Transactions of the Boyal Irish Academy, and elsewhere.

    Eoscrea seems to have suffered much in former times from fire, as well as from plunderers, for we find it was " destroyed," or greatly injured by fires in the years 1133, 1135, and 1147. Again, notwithstanding the lesson taught the Danes two centuries before, the town was plundered in the year 1153 by the Eoganaght of Cashel, a tract of about twelve miles round that city ; while it appears that in the following year, the Abbey and town once more suffered from " a

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 58

27. Cadamstown seized and lost by Edmond Fahy, 1548-1549

    Cadamstown · townland · Offaly · 1548–1549

    Cadamstown, formerly Bally-mac-Adam, was held by Edmond Fahy (Edmond White) in 1548, when heads of enemies slain in Delvin were brought there and displayed on spears. The following year the O'Carrolls retook the town from Fahy, to the joy of the people of Ely.

    Read the passage

    Between two and three miles from Kinnitty, on the slope of the Sliebh Bloom Mountains, is the village /of Cadamstown — Lettybrooke, the fine seat of Colonel Drought, being about half-way between the two ' places. The name Cadamstown appears to be a corruption from the former name, which was Bally-mac- Adam, or Mac Adams ,town. and the place seems to have been of some importance heretofore. Although part of Ely O'Carroll, Cadamstown was, in 1548, in possession of Edmond a Faihi, or Fahy, or Edmond "White, as he was also called, for the Four Masters state that this Edmond Fahy having gained a battle in Delvin that year, the heads of the slain were brought " to the town of Edmond Fahy, Bally-mac-Adam, in Kinel Fearga, in Ely O'Carroll, and were raised on spears as trophies of victory." This Edmond Fahy does not appear, however, to have been long in possession of this place, for the same writers, at 1549, the year following, tell us that "Bally-Mac-Adam was taken from Edmond Fahy, and the O'Carrolls were reinstated in it, and which was a source of great joy and gladness to the people of Ely."

    It may perhaps seem out of place to refer to Kilcoleman here in connexion with places so distant

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 72

28. Danish plunder and burning of Clonmacnoise abbey

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 834–845

    The abbey of Clonmacnoise was plundered by the Danes in 834, spoiled and partly burned in 839, and again destroyed by fire under Turgesius in 845. These repeated Viking raids devastated the monastic settlement.

    Read the passage

    834. This abbey was plundered by the Danes, who again spoiled, and partly burned it, in the year 839.

    840. Felym M'Criomthin, already mentioned, held a great convention here, at which were present the princes and the principal men of Ireland ; when Niall Caille, son of the monarch of Ireland, submitted and did homage to Felym.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 149

29. Founding of Kinnitty and its name derivations

    Kinnitty · parish · Offaly

    Kinnitty, in the Parish of the same name and Barony of Ballybritt, was in the district of Ely O'Carroll. The name is linked by tradition to the burial of the head of Etech, an ancient Irish heroine, and to St. Ita's cell of retirement.

    Read the passage

    The name of this place was differently spelled in old documents. Thus it was spelled Ceann-etich, which would mean Etech's head, and according to a note in the Felire of Aenguis, at the 7th of April, St. Finan's festival day, it was so-called because the head of Etech, an ancient Irish heroine, was buried there. The Four Masters, however, have it " Cinneitigh," in the passage at the year 1213, where they record that the English " erected the castle of Cinneitigh " (see p. 21). In a different copy of these Annals it is spelled " Cinneidigh," which seems more near the proper orthography. It is very probable, however, that this parish acquired its name from there having been in it a cell belonging to the celebrated St. Ita, whose name

    150 KINNITTY.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 67

30. Jonathan Darby tried for high treason at Philipstown, 1689

    Philipstown · townland · Kildare · 1689

    Jonathan Darby of Leap was tried with Sir Laurence Parsons and convicted of high treason at Philipstown in March 1689, and both men were reprieved several times, one reprieve being preserved at Leap Castle.

    Read the passage

    It has been already stated in the portion of this work relating to Birr (p. 74), that Mr. Jonathan Darby of Leap, was tried with Sir Laurence Parsons, and convicted of high treason, at Philipstown, in March 1689, and that they were several times reprieved. One of these reprieves, dated 22nd of May 1689, and signed " Melford," was in the possession of the present Mr. Darby of Leap. "When the Volunteer corps were being raised in Ireland towards the end of the last century, a corps called " the Leap Independents," was formed at Leap. This corps was associated on the 17th of March 1780, the uniform was blue faced blue, edged white, and it was under the command of Colonel Jonathan Darby. The late Admiral Sir Henry Darby who gallantly commanded the Bellerophon ship of war at the battle of the Nile, in August 1798, and his brother, General Darby, were uncles to the present owner of Leap Castle. It is well known that the gallant Admiral, then Captain Darby, on this memorable occasion engaged with his ship, the Bellerophon, the huge " Orient," the flagship of the French Admiral, which carried 120 guns, and of which the superiority of force as regarded the Bellerophon, was more than seven to three. A full

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 95

31. O'Conor Faily expelled and castles demolished, 1536

    Offaly · county · Offaly · 1536

    In 1536, in the reign of Henry VIII, O'Conor Faily (Bryan, son of Cahir) was expelled from his territory after many of his people were slain, and all his castles were taken and demolished by Lord Leonard Gray, through the treachery of O'Conor's own brother.

    Read the passage

    The Four Masters informs us that in 1536, in the reign of Henry VIII., "O'Conor Faily, that is Bryan, the son of Cahir, was expelled from his territory, and after many of his people had been slain, all his castles were taken and demolished by the Saxon Lord Justice, that is Lord Leonard (Lord Leonard Gray), and it was through the conspiracy and at the instigation of 0' Conor's own brother, Cathal Koe, these acts were perpetrated." The same writers state that O'Conor and O'Moore went to England in 1548, with "the Lieutenant," and the king gave their estates, Leix and Offaley, to the Lieutenant and his kinsmen (the Bellinghams), who built " two large courts " at Maryboro' and at Philipstown. They then began " to let these lands for rent, as if they had been their own rightful inheritance," after having expelled their hereditary heirs, O'Conor and O'Moore, with their families and kindred.

    This Bryan O'Conor married Lady Mary Fitzgerald, daughter of the Earl of Kildare, and became

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 111

32. Poisoning of the Earl of Ormond and Ossory in 1547

    Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1547

    An inquisition taken at Clonmel in 1547 records the death of James Butler, late Earl of Ormond and Ossory, who was poisoned at a supper at Ely House, Holborn. He was found seized of the manor and castle of Nenagh at his death.

    Read the passage

    took part, the Castle of Nenagh was lost to them in their absence ; and subsequently, by the " Statute of Absentees," all the estates of the Earls of Ormond, including Nenagh, were resumed into the hands of King Henry VIII. The king, however, soon afterwards granted by patent to Sir Piers of Ormonde, whom he created Earl of Ossory the 23rd of February 1527, all the lands in Ireland belonging to the Earldom of Ormond, that had been in his (the king's) hands, and, amongst others, according to Cartes Ormond, the manors, castles, towns, and lands of Thurles, Nenagh, and Eoscrea. By virtue of this grant, the Earl of Ossory, who was soon afterwards restored to the original title of Ormond, recovered the demesne lands and Castle of Nenagh. It appears, however, he then obtained possession of nothing more, for an inquisition taken at Clonmel, in 1547, on the death of James Butler, then late Earl of Ormond and Ossory (son of Piers), who was poisoned at a supper at Ely House, Holborn, finds that on the day of his death he was seized in his demesne, as of fee tail, of " the manor of Nenagh, in the county aforesaid, and of one castle," with some small portions of land in the neighbourhood. This inquisition also finds that the " manor of Nenagh aforesaid is valued at nothing by the year, because waste," which seems to imply that the lands about Nenagh, forming part of the manor, were then in the possession of Irish, who refused to render suit and service to the lord of the manor for the lands so held by them. In truth the Irish, including the O'Kennedys,

    300 THE TOWN OF NENAGH.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 128

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Nenagh, in Tipperary, you are passing through a town whose castle was once at the heart of a struggle between the Butler earls and the crown. The Castle of Nenagh was lost to the Ormonds during an absence, and by the Statute of Absentees, all their estates, including Nenagh, were taken into the hands of King Henry the Eighth. The king then granted the lands back by patent to Sir Piers of Ormonde, whom he created Earl of Ossory on the 23rd of February 1527. The grant covered the manors, castles, towns, and lands of Thurles, Nenagh, and Roscrea. Piers was soon restored to the original title of Ormond, and recovered the demesne lands and Castle of Nenagh, though it seems he obtained possession of nothing more beyond that. His son, James Butler, became Earl of Ormond and Ossory. An inquisition taken at Clonmel in 1547, on James Butler's death, records that he was poisoned at a supper at Ely House, Holborn. On the day of his death, the inquisition finds, he was seized of the manor of Nenagh and of one castle, with some small portions of land in the neighbourhood. But the same inquisition finds that the manor of Nenagh is valued at nothing by the year, because waste. The lands about Nenagh, forming part of the manor, were in the possession of Irish, including the O'Kennedys, who refused to render suit and service to the lord of the manor.

33. Protestant meeting in Birr opposes Catholic emancipation, 1812

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1812

    In December 1812 a great meeting of Protestant inhabitants of King's County was held in Birr to oppose religious equality claims by Roman Catholics, despite protests from several Catholic gentlemen present.

    Read the passage

    repeal of all the laws which affect the Eoman Catholic body, we deem it necessary to declare that this is not our sentiment, and we believe that but a very small portion of the Protestants of this Island are of that opinion." The meeting finally resolved that petitions be prepared for both Houses of Parliament, expressive of the sentiment contained in the resolutions. It is right to mention, that Messrs. Maurice N. O'Connor, of Mount Pleasant ; Armstrong, of Gallen; and "Warburton of Garryhinch, with Colonel O'Moore, all attended this meeting, and, on part of their Eoman Catholic fellow countrymen, protested against and opposed the proceedings, but in vain. The Parsonstown Gazette newspaper, published in Birr at the time, by Mr. Joseph Bull, contained a full report of this remarkable, but illiberal, meeting.

    The Protestant Church, now so great an ornament to Birr, was built in the year 1815. This very fine and handsome edifice, is said to have originally cost £8,000, and there have been several improvements made in and about it since. The Protestant Church of Birr has for many years been remarkable lor the numerous and respectable congregation attending there. In it are several nice cenotaphs, amongst which is conspicuous, one commemorating Laurence, Earl of Eosse, who died in 1841. One of the Communion cups is old and very interesting, and bears the following inscription : " The Communion cup of the Parishe Churche of Parsonstowne, in the King's Countie, Anno Domini, 1636." The paten or cover

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 45

34. Sheriff of Meath taken prisoner by O'Conor Faily, 1411

    Offaly · county · Offaly · 1411

    According to the Four Masters, in 1411 the Sheriff of Meath was taken prisoner by O'Conor Faily, who exacted a great ransom for his liberation.

    Read the passage

    The Lord of Offaley in these days does not appear to have had much respect for the ministerial officers of the law ; for in 1411, according to the Four Masters, " the Sheriff of Meath was taken prisoner by 0' Conor Faily, and he exacted a great ransom for his liberation." The reader will pardon a slight digression here. The taking a sheriff prisoner would, no doubt, cause admiration even now ; but instead of gaining a ransom, the exploit might finally turn out to be very like the " catching of a Tartar." Yet it is well-known

    250 THE SHERIFF AND CLONAMUCKOGE.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 109

35. Siege of Birr Castle by Colonel Oxburgh, 1688

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1688

    Sir Laurence Parsons sheltered eighty tenants and neighbours in Birr Castle amid raparee raids, but Colonel Oxburgh accused him of holding an armed garrison against the King. Oxburgh and Colonel Grace besieged the castle with twenty-two companies of infantry and a troop of dragoons until terms of surrender were agreed.

    Read the passage

    gates to be closed. Upon this Colonel, lately Captain Oxburgh, who had theretofore acted as agent to Sir Laurence Parsons, but was now his enemy, and serving under King James, reported to Lord Tyrcorinell that Sir Laurence held a garrison against the King, and had fifteen hundred men in arms within his castle, and that he kept smiths there continually, manufacturing warlike implements. In consequence of this, Oxburgh got an order, dated 3rd of January 1688, from the Lord Lieutenant to place a garrison in Birr Castle, although Colonel Garrett Moore, who had been sent by his lordship to make inquiries on the subject, had reported that the charges against Sir Laurence were unfounded. In about a month after getting the order, Oxburgh demanded possession of the castle, and on Sir Laurence declining to comply until he should hear from the Lord Lieutenant and Colonel Moore, Oxburgh and Colonel Grace besieged the castle, with twenty-two companies of infantry, and a troop of dragoons. The siege was closely kept up for several days and nights, so that no provision could be obtained by the besieged, and the besiegers having commenced to undermine the castle, terms of capitulation were finally agreed upon. The reader will find these articles (No. 9) in the Appendix.

    Upon the perfection of this treaty and consequent surrender of the castle, Sir Laurence and five of his principal tenants were arrested, and all six kept closely confined in the castle. In three days after the arrest of Sir Laurence, Mr. Jonathan Darby, of

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 36

36. St Brendan's Miraculous Ascension from Birr

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 562

    The Annals of Clonmacnoise record that in 562 St Brendan of Birr ascended to the skies in his chariot, an event compared by some to the ascension of Elijah and revealed supernaturally to St Columkill at Iona.

    Read the passage

    Comerford says that St. Brendan died in 551, one hundred and eighty years old ; while the Annals of Clonmacnoisc have at A.D. 562, "The ascension of St. Brendan of Birr to the skies in his chariot or coach." This ascension is compared by some to that of Elijah; and we are also told that his departure from this world was made known in a supernatural manner to his friend St. Colurnkill, who was then at Hy. It may be observed, however, that while writers thus differ as to the exact date of the death or departure from this world of St. Brendan, and some of them record very wonderful circumstances concerning it, yet most of them agree in referring to the event as having been a very remarkable and extraordinary one. St. Brendan is commemorated by the Irish on the 30th of November ; and, according to Colgan, he lies buried in the Church named Tempul an Cheathuir

    •w •*

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 15

37. St. Columba founds Tirdaglass abbey and dies of pestilence

    Terryglass · townland · Tipperary · 548–552

    St. Columba, son of Crimthan, founded and became first abbot of Tirdaglass (now Terryglass) about 548, and died of a pestilence in 552, with his festival observed on 13th December.

    Read the passage

    About four or five miles from Lorha, and near the banks of Lough Derg, is the ancient Tirdaglass, now Terryglass. The name of this place seems to be derived from the Irish Tir-da-glaif, which means, "the land of the two streams." We learn from Mr. Archdall and other writers, that St. Columba, the son of Crimthan, " founded, and became the first abbot of Tirdaglass about the year 548. He died of a pestilence in the year 552, on the 13th of December, and his festival is observed on that day."

    The abbot Mochoeminus died in 584, and his festival is observed on the 1st of May ; the abbot Colman Stellain died in 625 ; and in 652, the abbot Aihgean died. Clemens was abbot in 801, and in the same year the town and abbey were destroyed by an accidental fire. St. Moyle Dichru, " anachorite " of Tirdaglass, "who was usually styled the Sage, and who uttered many remarkable prophecies," died in 838. In 842 the Danes destroyed the fortress of Dunamase in the Queen's County, and there slew Hugh MacDuffe Dachrich, abbot of Tirdaglass ; and the same year they destroyed by fire Tirdaglass, with the abbey and churches. Hugh M'Duffe's festival is held on the 8th of July. In 880, Cormac, " prior of Tirdaglass and of Clonfert-Brendan," died ; the " abbot and bishop" Maelpeadar MacCuan, died in 890; Maelciaran, " abbot of Tirdaglass and Clonenagh," died in 898, and in 927, the abbot Yirgill died during his

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 121

38. The Nuns' Church at Clonmacnoise restored from ruin

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1740–1875

    The chancel arch and carved Hiberno-Romanesque doorway of the 'church of the nuns' at Clonmacnoise, associated with Lady Dervorgilla, had fallen into ruin and lain buried in grass-covered heaps for over a century before being restored by the Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland.

    Read the passage

    marks in our history, or otherwise, so should we feel the more indebted to those by whose praiseworthy exertions they are preserved. Such of our readers as have been at Clonmacnoise in late years, must have noticed the state of preservation the ecclesiastical remains there are now in, and surely they have admired, the beautifully carved Hiberno-Komanesque doorway, and fine chancel arch, of the " church of the nuns." They will, therefore, be surprised to hear, that when Harris's Ware was published more than 130 years ago, only a portion of this chancel arch as now seen, was standing ; while for upwards of thirty years past, there was nothing to be seen until lately, of the beautiful carved doorway, save an open in the wall. It is fortunate, however, that these elegantly finished, but fallen materials, were then lying safe and unheeded in grass covered heaps, beneath the places they had so long adorned. Even Mr. Seward in his Topographia Hibernica, published nearly a century ago, states as to Clonmacnoise, that "the churches, episcopal palace and other buildings, have been suffered to decay, being at present little better than a heap of ruins, entombing a number of the sepulchres of the nobility and bishops."

    For the present state of preservation of the remains at .Clonmacnoise — so different from heretofore ; with the " nuns' church" of the lady Dervorgail, risen, as it were, phoenix like, from destruction ; Irishmen are indebted to the " Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland," and the exertions of the

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 156

39. Abused shrine of St Kieran and the death of Donell M'Taloge

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1012–1015

    In 1012 Donell M'Taloge abused the shrine of St Kieran but was said to have died within the week due to the saint's intercession; the abbey was also burned by the Danes that year and again three years later.

    Read the passage

    1012. The shrine of St. Kieran was much abused by Doncll M'Taloge, but the impious act was not suffered to remain long unpunished, for we learn, that by the intercession of the saint, his destruction instantly began, and before the end of the following week he slept with his forefathers. The abbey wns burned by the Danes this same year, and in three years afterwards, it again suffered by a general conflagration.

    1024. Faghtna, a u learned reader and priest of Clonmacnoise," and "abbot of all Ireland," died this year in Rome, where he had gone on a pilgrimage.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 149

40. Ard-na-Erin, the 'Height of Ireland', and its vast prospect

    Arderin · electoral division · Laois

    Ard-na-Erin, the highest point in the centre of Ireland at 1,733 feet, offers a view said to cover a third of the country, from Waterford to Galway and Mayo to Wicklow. An old Irish poem by O'Dugan claims Sliabh Bladhma stands above the heights of Ireland, though the author disputes this.

    Read the passage

    This gap is called " Bladine " in the map published by Mercator, at Amsterdam,, in 1623, which name seems to mean, the green field on the summit. " Glendine " appears to signify the gap on the summit, or, according to others, the deep glen. The place is in reality a very green and grassy opening on the top of the range of mountains. From " the Gap " there is an ascent of some two or three hundred feet to the top of the mountain, and the trouble of ascending will be well repaid. Who has not heard of Ard-na-Erin, "the Height of Ireland ? " The Ordnance mark on the summit is only 1,733 feet over the level of the sea, and this, therefore, although very elevated in itself, is by no means the highest mountain in Ireland, as the name would seem to import. In an ancient Irish poem O'Dugan says, that

    " Sliabh Bladhma the fair is over the head Of Ossory, above the heights of Eirinn."

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 71

41. Ballindarragh Castle collapses spontaneously on Plough Monday 1848

    Ballindarragh · townland · Armagh · 1848

    On Plough Monday, 10 January 1848, the walls of Ballindarragh castle spontaneously fell with a loud crash, having been rent from top to bottom for many years before the two sides slowly opened and collapsed.

    Read the passage

    On "Plough Monday," the 10th of January 1848, the walls of this castle spontaneously fell with a loud crash. It had been rent from top to bottom for many years, and the fissure was observed to have greatly increased some time before the castle fell. On the day mentioned — to use the words of a person who had been looking on — the two sides gradually and slowly opened asunder, and each fell out prostrate from the centre. The walls were some minutes separating before the two masses of masonry overbalanced their respective centres of gravity, but then the whole was precipitated to the ground. The lateral pressure of the massive stone arches which formed the ceilings and floors of the building, seems to have been the immediate cause of forcing the walls asunder.

    On the Little Brusna river not far above the site of Ballindarragh castle, there is a place called

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 116

42. Battle at Carrigahorig between O'Carroll and the Red Captain, 1548

    near Carrigahorig · population centre · Tipperary · 1548

    In 1548 the Red Captain of the Butlers marched against O'Carroll to Carraic-an-Chomhraic (Carrigahorig), where O'Carroll gave battle and slew two or three score of his men; despite three attempts, the Red Captain failed to take the castle.

    Read the passage

    Near Tirdaglass is Carrigahorig, which appears to be the place referred to by the Four Masters at the year 1548, as follows : — " The Eed Captain (one of the Butlers), marched with a force against O'Carroll to Carraic-an-Chomhraic, and O'Carroll gave them battle, in which he slew two or three score of them. The Eed Captain marched at three different times with his forces in one quarter of a year to Carraic-an- Chomhraic, but he did not succeed in gaining the castle, or any part of the country, and was obliged to return without obtaining any advantage after having sustained much injury, and losing many of his men."

    The principal families of this part of Ormond were the O'KfinnedySj MacEgans, and O'Mearas. The last mentioned appear, however, to have been placed more south. The territory of O'Ceinneide, O'Cinneididh, O'Cineide or O'Xennedy, appears to have extended along the Shannon from the neighbourhood of Lorha. The O'Kennedys were of the Daleassian race, were generally called " Lords of Ormond/' and were very

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 122

43. Battle at Gallen in 1543 after nocturnal attack on Moy Gallen

    Gallen · townland · Offaly · 1543

    In 1543 Roderick O'Melaghlin and his kinsmen made a nocturnal attack on Moy Gallen, burning and plundering, but were pursued and defeated at Gallen by Malachy Balbh O'Madden and Art Mac Coghlan, with Cormac O'Melaghlin and thirteen men slain or drowned.

    Read the passage

    in 1531. The Four Masters tell us, that in 1543, Eoderick O'Mclaghlin and his kinsmen, " made n noetunial attack on Moy Gallon, in Delvin, and burned and plundered the plain. They were pursued by Malachy Balbh O'Madden, and by Art Mac Coghlan, who gave them battle at Gallen, in which Cormac O'Melaghlin, the brother of Eoderick, together with thirteen men of the chiefs of his people, were slain or drowned on that occasion." They also inform us, that when Edmond Fahy and O'Melaghlin invaded Delvin in 1548, this monastery, and the castles of Kinkora and Kilcoman were taken by them, but Mac Coghlan soon afterwards retook the castles, and expelled Edmond Fahy.

    Mr. Archdall states, however, that "notwithstanding almost innumerable misfortunes, this monastery existed when Colgan, the Franciscan, wrote, at which time it belonged to the Canons of Saint Augustin." He also tells us, that " the site of this abbey, together with the church, cemetery, &c., five cottages and two gardens, in the town of Gallen," with several denominations of land, and a "moiety of the tithes and alterages " of several rectories, including Reynagh (Banagher), " parcel of the possession of this abbey were granted, 4th June 1612, to Sir Ger. Moore, at the annual rent of .£3 12s. 2d., who was to maintain a horseman for ever on the same." By Inquisition post mortem taken at Birr, the 14th of October 1619, the then late Yiscount Moore of Drogheda, was found to have been seized " of the lately dissolved

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 143

44. Birr Castle used as army hospital after Aughrim

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1691

    The English army passed through Birr on their way to besiege Limerick in 1691 and converted the castle into a hospital, housing four hundred sick and wounded soldiers for nearly two months.

    Read the passage

    After the siege, the standing garrison of Binconsisted, according to the " Narrative " already mentioned, of three regiments of foot, under the command of Major Collier, who governed the castle. Sir Laurence's son, Captain William Parsons, commanded a troop of Militia cavalry in the town, and his brother was posted in Carolanty House. The Irish occasionally made sallies from their quarters at Banagher, and annoyed the town, but without doing any considerable damage. After the battle of Aughrim, the English army marched to besiege Limerick, and the Irish quitted the fort of Banagher, of which Major Collier immediately took possession, and stationed himself there ; while Captain Parsons, with his troop, took Cloghan Castle, in which he left a garrison, under the command of Lieutenant Archibald Armstrong, and returned to Birr with the remainder of his men. The English army passed through Birr on their way to Limerick in 1691, and converted the castle into an hospital, leaving there four hundred sick and wounded men, who remained in it nearly two months.

    Sir Laurence Parsons died in 1698, and his eldest son, Sir William, the second Baronet, succeeded him. This Sir William represented the King's County in the Irish Parliament in 1704, and in several successive Parliaments, and died in 1740. He was succeeded by his grandson Sir Laurence, the third Baronet who, in November 1741, was also chosen to represent the King's County. On the death of this last-mentioned

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 40

45. Danes destroy Kinnitty Abbey, 839

    Kinnitty · parish · Offaly · 839–871

    The Danes destroyed Kinnitty Abbey in 839. Later abbots Cellach (died 850) and Colga M'Cohagann (died 871), esteemed as the best poet and historian of the kingdom, are recorded.

    Read the passage

    The Danes destroyed Kinnitty Abbey in 839, and Cellach, son of Crunmal, who was abbot here, died in 850 ; as did, in 871, the abbot Colga M'Cohagann, who was esteemed the best and most eloquent poet then in this kingdom, and who was also the principal historian.

    Keating informs us that in 908, Colman"the Eeligious," abbot of " Cinneity," was killed in the suit of Cormac M'Cuilebaan, at the battle of Moy Ailbe, near Leighlin. The same writer adds, " this holy person was Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, and sat upon the Bench, and administered the laws with great honour to himself and advantage to his country."

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 68

46. Demolition of Killyon Ruins for Road and Barracks Material

    Killyon · townland · Offaly

    In later years the interesting ruin at Killyon almost entirely disappeared as the gateway, flanking tower, and enclosing wall were barbarously pulled down, with materials and granite rocks from the ancient cooking hearth broken up for road repair or to build a police barracks.

    Read the passage

    interesting ruin at Killyon has almost entirely disappeared ; for the gateway, the flanking tower, and the wall which enclosed the lawn, have all vanished. These were all barbarously pulled down, and the materials, as also the granite rocks belonging to the curious, ancient cooking hearth, were broken up and used for repairing roads, or building a police barracks in the neighbourhood. " Sic transit gloria mundi" There now remains nothing to mark the site of the once celebrated nunnery of St. Liadhuin, save the crumbling ruin of a small gable-wall ; every trace which could bear testimony to the pious zeal of the nun, or to the generous hospitality of the Biadhtack of former times, having been obliterated.

    Killyon, and other lands in that neighbourhood, were the property of Terence and John Coghlan, in the reign of King James II. How the Coghlans acquired these lands does not appear, but they forfeited them when William III. succeeded to the throne. These, together with other lands, were subsequently sold to John Asgill of Eoss Castle, by the Commissioners for sale of forfeited estates. The Conveyance describes them as, "the manor of Killyon, with the castles, towns, and lands of Eathure," &c., &c. ; and adds that these lands had been u the estate of Terence and John Coghlan, attainted." A person, apparently of some consequence, named Herbert, or Harbert, resided at Killyon in 1634 ; for, by a Deed, made on the 1st of January that year, Daniel M'Gruilfoyle conveyed to him and others, including Eobert Sweetman of Birr,

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 79

47. Dispute over widow Kerley's cow seizure sparks Quarter Sessions controversy

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1822

    In July 1822 a complaint by Minton against widow Kerley over five shillings led to her cow being seized under warrant; her appeal to Birr Quarter Sessions triggered an extraordinary dispute among magistrates over judicial procedure.

    Read the passage

    The first of the extraordinary scenes which at different times occurred in Birr Quarter Sessions Court, between the Assistant Barristers then presiding there, and a portion of the magistrates of the district, took place on the 27th of July 1822, when Thomas Clere Parsons, brother to the Earl of Eosse, and who had been appointed in 1803, was still Assistant Barrister for the King's County. The origin of this very remarkable and unusual proceeding, which was not concluded until October Sessions, 1822, was as follows : — On the 5th of July 1822, one Minton, an inhabitant of Birr, lodged a complaint before a magistrate who lived five or six miles from the town, against a widow named Kerley, another inhabitant of the town, for recovery of five shillings or so, claimed to be due for labour. Upon the hearing of the complaint, the defendant was adjudged to pay the money, and a warrant was granted to levy the sum " and charges," without specifying the amount, and the poor woman's cow having been seized under this warrant, she was advised to lodge an appeal, and which she accordingly did.

    When this appeal came on at Quarter Sessions on the 27th of July, the Order appealed against had not been returned by the convicting Justice, and the case having been then adjourned to the last day of the Sessions, it was then further adjourned to the following October Sessions, in consequence of the absence of the Order. Upon this adjournment of the case, eight of the Justices attending the Court of Quarter Sessions

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 51

48. Fire consumes Clonmacnoise town and lightning strikes the tower

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1135

    On Easter day in 1135, the town of Clonmacnoise, the church of Moriegh O'Duffie, and Lisean-abbey were consumed by accidental fire; the same year lightning struck off the head of the Cloictheach of Clonmacnoise and also struck the round tower at Roscrea.

    Read the passage

    macnoise, with the church of Moriegh O'Duffie, and the place called Lisean-abbey, were all consumed by an accidental fire. The same year lightning struck off the head of the Cloictheach of Clonmacnoise, and pierced the Cloictheach of Eoscrea.

    1140. O'Conor, Monarch of Ireland, presented to the churches of Clonmacnoise a number of crosses, goblets, and chalices of silver, richly ornamented with gold ; he distributed amongst the clergy of the abbey, his vessels of gold and silver, and his jewels and musical instruments ; and at his decease, he bequeathed to them 500 ounces of pure gold.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 151

49. First Sessional Crown Prosecutor Appointed at Birr

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1830–1835

    Thomas Lalor Cooke, a resident of Birr, was appointed by the Attorney-General as the first public prosecutor at Quarter Sessions in Ireland, with King's County chosen as the site for this experiment. Its success led to the office being made general throughout Ireland by 1835.

    Read the passage

    Previous to 1830, prosecutions at Quarter Sessions in Ireland, no matter how serious the offence, were carried on by the complainants themselves, or their Solicitors, without the intervention of the Crown. This practice, however, was found to be very objectionable, and about the time mentioned, the Government determined to try the experiment of having criminal cases at Quarter Sessions in Ireland prosecuted by an officer of the Crown. The King's County was then selected for the purpose of this experiment, and a resident of Birr, Mr. Thomas Lalor Cooke, Solicitor, the humble individual who writes this, had the honour of being appointed by the Attorney- General of tho day, to act as the first public prosecutor at Quarter Sessions in Ireland. After some years' experience in the King's County, the experiment was found so successful, that in 1835 it was determined to make the office of Sessional Crown Prosecutor general, by appointing public prosecutors at Quarter Sessions in every county in Ireland. Thus, from the successful result of the experiment tried in the person of a resident of Birr, in prosecuting on behalf of the Crown at the Quarter Sessions of Birr, and other Quarter

    122 HISTOEY OF EIRE.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 55

50. Mrs. Eckleston dies aged 143 at Philipstown

    Philipstown · townland · Kildare · 1548–1691

    Boate and Molyneux's Natural History of Ireland records a Mrs. Eckleston who died at Philipstown in 1691, having been born in 1548, making her 143 years old at death.

    Read the passage

    In Mercator's Map of Ireland, already mentioned as having been published at Amsterdam in 1623, this town is called " Bally roy" which seems a compound of Irish and French, meaning, "the town of the king." In former days Philipstown must have been a place of considerable importance, for Spencer, in his View of the State of Ireland, says there was " good store of people and trade in Philipstown when he wrote (159 6), and that by reason of the forts there, and at Maryborough, " there were good towns then grown which were the greatest stay of the King's and Queen's Counties." In Boate and Molyneux's Natural History of Ireland mention is made of a Mrs. Eckleston who died at Philipstown in 1691. She was born in 1548, 1 and was therefore 143 years old when she died. The decline of Philipstown in late years seems owing in a great measure to the extension to Tullamore of the Grand Canal, which formerly terminated at Philipstown, and to the removal of the Assizes to Tullamore, as already mentioned. The names of the principal inhabitants of Philipstown in 1823 will be found (No. 17) in the Appendix.

    Tullamore, the present Assize Town of the King's County, is situate in a part of the barony of Eallycowen, which appears to have been included in the ancient territory of O'Diomosaigh, or O'Dempsey, Lord of Clanmaliere, who is thus referred to by O'Heerin : —

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 113

51. Murrogh O'Conor's death and burial at Killoughy monastery

    Killoughy · townland · Offaly · 1421

    In 1421, Murrogh O'Conor, Lord of Offaley, died at his own fortress having defeated the English and Irish in many battles, and was interred in the monastery of Killachaidh, now Killoughy.

    Read the passage

    To return to O'Conor Faily. We find that in 1421, Murrogh O'Conor, the Lord of Offaley, who had taken the Sheriff, and who, according to the Four Masters, "had defeated the English and Irish who opposed him in many battles," died at his own fortress after having " gained the victory over the world and the devil," and was interred in the monastery of Killachaidh (now Killoughy). The same year Murtagh O'Conor defeated MacGilpatrick and the English at the monastery of Leix, and having been taken ill of a severe disease, he retired to the Friary of Killoughy and took the monastic habit. He appointed his kinsman, Dermot O'Conor, to succeed him, and " died in a month after he became a friar." (See as to Killoughy further on.)

    The exploit of Murrogh O'Conor, in taking the Sheriff of Meath in 1411, was nothing, however, to what was done by another of the family soon afterwards; for the Four Masters record that in 1439 " the King of England's Viceroy arrived in Ireland, and was taken prisoner by Cahir, the son of O'Conor. Faily, and after he had remained some time in confinement, he was ransomed by the English in Dublin, who delivered the son of Plunket in his stead to Cahir." Much of the following information regarding

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 110

52. Murtagh O'Conor's death as a friar at Killoughy Friary

    Killoughy · townland · Offaly · 1421

    Murtagh O'Conor defeated MacGilpatrick and the English at the monastery of Leix in 1421, then fell severely ill, retired to the Friary of Killoughy, took the monastic habit, and died a month later.

    Read the passage

    To return to O'Conor Faily. We find that in 1421, Murrogh O'Conor, the Lord of Offaley, who had taken the Sheriff, and who, according to the Four Masters, "had defeated the English and Irish who opposed him in many battles," died at his own fortress after having " gained the victory over the world and the devil," and was interred in the monastery of Killachaidh (now Killoughy). The same year Murtagh O'Conor defeated MacGilpatrick and the English at the monastery of Leix, and having been taken ill of a severe disease, he retired to the Friary of Killoughy and took the monastic habit. He appointed his kinsman, Dermot O'Conor, to succeed him, and " died in a month after he became a friar." (See as to Killoughy further on.)

    The exploit of Murrogh O'Conor, in taking the Sheriff of Meath in 1411, was nothing, however, to what was done by another of the family soon afterwards; for the Four Masters record that in 1439 " the King of England's Viceroy arrived in Ireland, and was taken prisoner by Cahir, the son of O'Conor. Faily, and after he had remained some time in confinement, he was ransomed by the English in Dublin, who delivered the son of Plunket in his stead to Cahir." Much of the following information regarding

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 110

53. Phelim Molloy Intercepts Parsons' Letter Near Birr

    Eglish · townland · Offaly · 1641

    Governor Parsons wrote to Colonel Moore, whose camp was at Eglish near Birr, offering pardon to bring him to his side. The letter was intercepted by Phelim Molloy, who wrote a sharp reply dated 20th March 1641 criticizing English officers' oppression.

    Read the passage

    The following circumstances and letters show that the Irish of those days were not the uncultivated people they are sometimes represented to have been ; and also prove that there were men of much spirit amongst them. Governor Parsons wrote to Colonel Moore, an Irish commander — whose camp was then at Eglishj_ u few miles from Birr — to endeavour to bring him over to his side; and promising His Majesty's pardon for the past. The letter, however, was intercepted before reaching its destination by Phelim Molloy, from whose answer, dated 2oth of March 1641, the following is an extract: — "Mr. Parsons, I intercepted your letter before it came to my Colonel's hands, which, Avhen I perused, I began to be jealous for your partiality, offering your protection to the head and excluding the members from the wings of your mercy. You write to my Colonel forthwith to repair unto you, and to help you in suppressing those who have offended His Majesty ; but who are the offenders ? The English or the Irish ? I say without any partial regard of either nation, that they are partly of the Irish, and, for the most part, the English officers uiicl governors, who, contrary to His Majesty's gracious intentions, oppressed the poor subjects, which brod a great scandal to the King's dignity and crown. If you join with them, Mr. Parsons, we cannot, in conscience, join in an unlawful matter with you, or with anybody of that fashion, or imy i'ashion else;

    54 HISTORY OP BIER.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 31

54. Sacrilegious Killing at Birr Church Door, 1154

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1154

    A great sacrilege was committed at Birr in 1154 when Amhleoimbh O'Hendersgeol, King of Cathlnighe, was killed at the church door.

    Read the passage

    A great sacrilege was committed at Birr in 1154, by the killing of Amhleoimbh O'Hendersgeol, King of Cathlnighe, at the church door. Cathluighe was a territory of South Munster. Birr was burned in 1167 ; and the Annals of Boyle record that, in 1170, a synod called "The Synod of Birr," was held there.

    In the year 1174, Kughry O'Carroll, "King of Ely," was slain by his brother, in Inis Clothrann, in the river Shannon.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 17

55. St Brendan Founds Monastery at Birr

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 549–572

    St Brendan, son of Luaigne, founded a monastery at Birr in the territory of Ely before 565, and became renowned as one of the Twelve Apostles of Erin, also serving as Bishop of Birr.

    Read the passage

    Birr in the list of the writers of Ireland, and he is thus referred to by "Ware, " To him (Brendan of Clonfert), we may join, another Brendan, son of Luaigne, Abbot of Birr, in the territory of Ely, now part of the King's County, who died there the 29th of November 572. Dempster in vain searches for this place in modem Scotland. Brendan writ of the virtues and praises of St. Cohimb, who was then living."

    It is not certain at what exact time St. Brendan founded the monastery at Bin-, but it must have been previous to the year 565, and, according to Lanigan, it was prior to 549. It also appears from the same writer, that it was St. Brendan of Bin- who advised St. Columkill, "Columb of the Churches," to found his celebrated monastery in the island of Hy or lona, on the coast of Scotland; and which afterwards became one of the chief burial places of the Scottish Kings. The following, from St. Adamnan's Life of Columkill — written about A.D. 700 — shows the great respect in which St. Brendan of Birr was held, and the authority he exercised in his time, even amongst the clergy. A certain Synod (held at Geashill, in the King's County), issued sentence of excommunication against Columkill for some supposed offence. On his arrival at the Synod, Brendan, who had seen him at a distance, rose up, saluted him with great respect, and embraced him. For this, some of the clergy remonstrated, and Brendan replied to them, "If you had seen what the Lord has been

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 14

56. Stone cross commemorated Bishop O'Duffy killed by fall from horse in 1297

    Banagher · town · Offaly · 1297

    In the churchyard enclosure at Banagher there was for many years the shaft of an ancient stone cross commemorating Bishop O'Duffy, who died in 1297 after falling from his horse; the relic, showing the bishop on horseback with his crozier, is now at Clonmacnoise.

    Read the passage

    of Eignacia," are nearly in the centre of Banagher, and are surrounded by the parish burial ground. The church of Eignacia appears to have been subsequently presided over by Talacia, the mother of Saint Finian, who was also abbess there. In the enclosure surrounding these ruins, there was for many years the shaft of an ancient stone cross, erected to commemorate Bishop O'Duffy who was killed in the year 1297, by a fall from his horse. It is strange, however, that authorities differ as to the diocese of which he was bishop, "Ware placing him amongst the bishops of Clonmacnoise, while the Four Masters, at the year 1297, have, "William O'Duffy, bishop of Clonfert, fell from his horse, of which fall he died." This very interesting relic, on which the bishop is represented on horseback, bearing his crozier in his hand, is now at Clonmacnoise, and a full account of it will be found in the Proceedings, of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society for May 1853. '

    The Four Masters relate that in the year 1539, " after Mass on a Sunday, on the second of the Nones of July,"FelimMacCoghlan,thesonof Myler, was slain at Banagher, here called " Beandchor," by the sons of Malachy Godh O'Madden. They also mention at the year 1544, that "the castle of Banagher was rebuilt by 0' Carroll, i.e., Teigh Caoch, in spite of the opposition of the Clan Colman and the O'Maddens, who were then in contention with each other." The same writers add here, that "in a week after the commencement of the rebuilding of Banagher,"

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 133

57. Surrender of Birr Castle to the Lord General of Leinster, January 1642

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1642

    Articles of agreement were made between the Lord General of Leinster and William Parsons, Governor of Birr, for the surrender of Birr Castle on 20 January 1642, setting out terms for the safe departure of the Governor, his family, and goods.

    Read the passage

    " ARTICLES of Agreement made and concluded upon, by and between the Eight Honourable the Lord General of Leinster, of the one part, and William Parsons, Governor of Birr, of the other part. Dated this 20th day of January 1642.

    " Imprimis. — It is agreed upon, that the said Governor is to have six horses armed, besides his officers to attend himself, and all his horse, with their saddles and swords.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 160

58. The knee and arm marks on St. Cuimin's rock near Rutland

    Rutland · townland · Offaly

    Near Rutland, close to Kilcommon, marks resembling human knees and arms in limestone rock were venerated as traces of St. Cuimin's devotional prostrations, worn by continual prayer.

    Read the passage

    In a rock, near Rutland, in the neighbourhood of Ivilcommon, are some marks like impressions from human knees and arms. These, at least some years ago, were held in high veneration as being the marks of St. Cuimin' s devotional prostrations — the devout saint having, by continual prayer, worn traces in the solid limestone. Strange as such a notion may appear, the fact was possible. The adage says, the constant drop will hollow a stone, and this is verified in the Abbey of Holy Cross, where the Braon Comhsanadh, or Constant drop, by continually falling from the groined arch overhead, has worn a hole more than an inch deep, in the corner of a marble tomb-stone. But the marks in St. Cuimin's rock are also accounted for in another manner, in the legendary lore of Ivilcommon. The story, which the reader may believe or not, as he thinks proper, is as follows : — Some difference having

    212 KILCOMMON.

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 92

59. English Build Circular Castle at Roscrea

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 1213

    In 1213, during the reign of King John, the English took possession of Roscrea after contests with Murtagh, King of North Munster, and built a circular castle on the street now called the Mall as a barrier against the natives. The castle and manor were later granted to Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick.

    Read the passage

    In the year 1213 — the reign of King John — the English having possessed themselves of Eoscrea, after some contests with Murtagh, King of North Munster, built, as a barrier against the natives, the circularshaped castle on the street now called the Mall, leading by the river ; and early in the 14th century, in the reign of Edward, the castle and manor of Eoscrea, with all fees and " advowsons of churches appertaining thereunto," were granted to Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick. This round tower has been repaired in late years. The large square castle in the centre of the town was built by the Ormond family in the reign of Henry VIII., and has been used in late years as a store-house for any military lodged in the barracks at the rere. This barracks was formerly the residence of Mr. Darner, ancestor to the Earl of Dorcester. The interior of the castle is well worthy of a visit.

    So much having been stated as to ancient Eoscrea in general, the remains of its venerable Abbey and Monastery now claim more particular attention, nor should the fine round tower — one of those puzzles for antiquarians — be forgotten. As already stated, St. Cronan founded hepe in the seventh century, the Abbey, the front gable of which, for such it appears to have been, is still remaining. The following description of the ruins of this Abbey and the round tower, as they appeared in 1786, is given in Archdall's

    Internet Archive earlyhistoryofto00cookuoft, Chapter 59

60. Carved Ship and Battle-axe Figures on Roscrea Round Tower

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary

    The round tower at Roscrea, standing about eighty feet high near St. Cronan's Abbey, has a curious window with figures carved in relief including a one-masted antique ship, a battle-axe, and a belted cross, similar to a slab once seen at Selsker Abbey in Wexford.

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    stands a few dozen yards north-west from St. Cronan's Abbey; and, as stated by Archdall near one hundred years ago, has around the base two tiers of stone-work resembling steps, with a circular arched doorway (called by Archdall a window), now about ten feet from the ground, and what appears at first sight to be a pointed window, about fifteen feet higher still. There are some curious and peculiar circumstances connected with the Roscrea Bound Tower, including this last-mentioned window, which should not be passed over in silence. The arch of this window, which from the outside appears to be pointed, is really a double arch, pointed on the outside, but semi-circular on the inside. This window faces the east, and on the right side of it, within the opening, and about halfway between the top and bottom of the window, there is the figure of a one- masted antique ship or boat, about a foot long, not cut into the stone, but carved out on it in bold relief ; and on the same stone, and near the ship, there is carved in the same way a figure resembling a battle-axe or hatchet. On the opposite or left side of the window, and at about the same height, there is a queer figure also cut in relief on the stone in the same way, and which last-mentioned figure, is something like a belted cross. It is remarkable that some years ago there was an ancient slab at Selsker Abbey, in the County Wexford, having on it the figure of an antique ship almost quite similar to this one on the Roscrea Round Tower. To enter into speculations as to how these figures came to be on

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