Name: Guide to Galway, Connemara and the West of Ireland
Author: Robert Turnbull Lang (1870–)

Lissoy: hawthorn bush cut down and sold to tourists

The famous hawthorn bush at Lissoy, if it ever existed, has disappeared, reportedly cut down piece by piece and sold to tourists. Pieces of thorn now sold to visitors have no claim to being genuine relics.

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The "hawthorn bush," if it ever cast its shade there, has now disappeared, owing it is said to its having been cut down piece by piece and sold to tourists. In any case, pieces of thorn now palmed off on verdant enthusiasts have not the slightest claim to be regarded as pieces of the genuine " hawthorn."
Clonmacnois {Tea at Cottage. From Athlone SJ miles hy .hoatj cost about 5s. ; 13| miles hy road). The word Clonmacnois means " Retreat of the Sons of the Noble."

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 6

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here at Lissoy there was said to be a famous hawthorn bush. If it ever cast its shade there, it has now disappeared. They say it was cut down piece by piece and sold to tourists. Any pieces of thorn now palmed off on visitors have not the slightest claim to be regarded as pieces of the genuine hawthorn.

Lough Key islands: Trinity and Castle Island ruins

near Lough Key · lake or lakes · Roscommon

Lough Key contains several islands, notably Trinity Island with ruins of a religious house, and Castle Island with a castle of the M'Diarmids whose walls are still standing. The lake is almost surrounded by Rockingham, the demesne of Stafford King-Harman.

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Lough Key is a small lake, but excels many of greater extent in this district in the woods which adorn its banks. There are several islands, the most notable being Trinity Island, with the ruins of a religious house ; and Castle Island, with a castle of the M'Diarmids, the walls of which are still standing. Skirting the lake, and almost surrounding it, is Rockingham, the beautiful demesne of Stafford King-Harman. There is good
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Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 49

As the companion tells it

Lough Key is a small lake, but it excels many of greater extent in this district for the woods that adorn its banks. Among its several islands, Trinity Island bears the ruins of a religious house. Castle Island has a castle of the M'Diarmids, the walls of which are still standing. Skirting the lake, and almost surrounding it, is Rockingham, the demesne of Stafford King-Harman.

MacDuach's Chapel near Kilmurvey

Templemacduagh · ecclesiastical site · Galway · 600–699

A chapel on Inishmore named after a 7th-century saint who also founded a church and tower near Gort. It is situated near Kilmurvey, roughly half a mile from the sea cliff at Dun Aengus.

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About a mile along the western (main) road out of Kilronan is the well-preserved Church of Kieran, who spent several years with Enda. A little beyond (south-west) is Dun Oghil, which is considered to have been "once a finer example than Dun Aengus " of the early fort. It is at the eastern extremity of the central prehistoric village, Baile ^iia Sean, a collection of ancient "beehive" cells, huts and forts. About 2 miles farther along the road is Kilmurvey. Near this (south-west) is MacDuach's Chapel y named after the saint who founded the church and tower near Gort in the 7th century. On the sea cliff, J mile from the chapel, is the celebrated
Dun Aengus, nearly 300 feet above the sea, "the central point of interest . . . and one of the finest prehistoric forts of Western Europe." These duns or forts, writes Miss Stokes, are associated wdth the adventures of Aengus, Conor, and "heroes of the Firbolg race. They may have been in existence two centuries or more before the introduction of Christianity." They were built without mortar ; and the same writer concludes that the upright jointings in the walls point to "the work having been portioned out in lots to the labourers." The dun here may once have had four ramparts, of which three are now standing ; and in the outer labyrinth of stones — which rival even those on the summits of Scafell or Glyder-Fach- — we have a cheval defrise capable of breaking up most besieging lines. In the doorway still remaining, with horizontal lintel and inclined sides, we see the original type afterwards copied by the monks ; and inside one wall is the interior passage so often found in these early forts {e.g. Dunbeg, Fahan).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

As the companion tells it

A chapel on Inishmore, MacDuach's Chapel stands near Kilmurvey. About a mile along the western road out of Kilronan is the Church of Kieran, who spent several years with Enda, and about 2 miles farther along the road is Kilmurvey. MacDuach's Chapel takes its name from the saint who founded the church and tower near Gort in the 7th century. On the sea cliff, half a mile from the chapel, is Dun Aengus, nearly 300 feet above the sea. Miss Stokes described it as "the central point of interest... and one of the finest prehistoric forts of Western Europe." These duns or forts are associated with the adventures of Aengus, Conor, and heroes of the Firbolg race. They may have been in existence two centuries or more before the introduction of Christianity. They were built without mortar. The same writer concluded that the upright jointings in the walls point to "the work having been portioned out in lots to the labourers." The dun may once have had four ramparts, of which three are now standing. In the outer labyrinth of stones, rivaling even those on the summits of Scafell or Glyder-Fach, is a cheval de frise capable of breaking up most besieging lines. In the doorway still remaining, with horizontal lintel and inclined sides, we see the original type afterwards copied by the monks. Inside one wall is the interior passage so often found in these early forts.

Misericorde seats of carved oak in St Mary's Cathedral

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1490

St Mary's Cathedral in Limerick contains remarkable misericorde seats of carved oak in the nave, probably cut about 1490. The author notes that old oak carving is rare in Ireland.

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The remarkable misericorde scats of carved oak in the nave are well worthy of notice. The old oak carving is a rare thing in Ireland, and here this woodwork, probably cut about 1490, is ''the most curious feature of the church" {B.S.A.I. Journal, 1895).
The arcading just outside the churchyard, and now in ruins, is a remnant of the Old Exchange which was taken down with Ireton's House some years ago.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 12

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, St Mary's Cathedral holds something rare for Ireland. In its nave sit misericorde seats of carved oak, probably cut about 1490. Old oak carving is scarce in this country, and a journal from 1895 called this woodwork "the most curious feature of the church." Just outside the churchyard, ruined arcading marks where the Old Exchange once stood, taken down with Ireton's House some years ago.

Roscommon Castle ruins and destruction

Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1269–1691

Roscommon Castle, built in 1269 under Justiciary Robert D'Ufford on the site of an earlier fortress, is now a total ruin with thick walls and semicircular towers. Portions were habitable during the Civil War but were set on fire by retreating forces after the Battle of Aughrim, with destruction evidently done by gunpowder.

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The Castle, visible from the railway station, about a quarter of a mile to the north of the town, was built in 1269, when the office of Justiciary of Ireland was held by Robert D'Ufford. There is, however, no doubt that a fortress of a much earlier date
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Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

Roscommon town holds the ruins of a castle built in 1269 under Robert D'Ufford, Justiciary of Ireland, on the site of an earlier fortress. Thick walls and semicircular towers still stand. During the Civil War, parts of it were still habitable, but retreating forces set it ablaze after the Battle of Aughrim, and the destruction bears the marks of gunpowder.

Roundstone: health resort with botanical treasures

Roundstone · town · Galway

Roundstone, on the west arm of Bertraghboy Bay, was described as one of the most health-giving resorts on the west coast. Rare botanical plants grew in profusion on Urrisbeg, and within a mile lay Gurteen Beaches and Dog's Bay, fine bathing places.

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On the west arm of Bertraghboy Bay, 7 miles south of Ballynahinch, is Roundstone {Hotels : Mellet ; (C. ) Kinton (temp.)), one of the most health-giving resorts on the west coast. The view from the town is of considerable grandeur, the mountains seeming to rise from the sea. Rare botanical plants grow in profusion on Urrisbeg, and the purple blossoms of the gentian are seen everywhere. The place is very popular with artists. Within a mile of the town lie Gurteen Beaches and Dog's Bay which present a fine and safe bathing-place and are well worthy of a visit. In the summer there are two incoming mails daily.
At the south end of Bertraghboy Bay lies St. Macdara's Island, 6 miles by sea from Roundstone. It can be also reached from Carna, some 5 miles west of Kilkieran pier. This to the archaeologist is the most interesting island between High Island and the Arans. It contains at the east point " one of the most typical of the ancient ecclesiastical structures we possess,"

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 31

As the companion tells it

Coming up is Roundstone, on the west arm of Bertraghboy Bay, seven miles south of Ballynahinch. It was called one of the most health-giving resorts on the west coast. The view from the town is of considerable grandeur, the mountains seeming to rise from the sea. Rare botanical plants grow in profusion on Urrisbeg, and the purple blossoms of the gentian are seen everywhere. The place is very popular with artists. Within a mile of the town lie Gurteen Beaches and Dog's Bay, which present a fine and safe bathing-place and are well worthy of a visit. In the summer there are two incoming mails daily. At the south end of Bertraghboy Bay lies St. Macdara's Island, six miles by sea from Roundstone. It can also be reached from Carna, some five miles west of Kilkieran pier. To the archaeologist it is the most interesting island between High Island and the Arans.

Sligo's founding and Civil War capture

Sligo · town · Sligo · 1200–1699

Recorded facts include the founding of the Monastery and Castle by Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, in the 13th century. During the civil wars the town was captured by Parliamentary troops under Coote.

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The history of Sligo begins with legend. When "Nuada of the Silver Hand " vanquished and killed the king of the Firbolgs, the royal corpse was buried in the Sligo strand, and it is fabled that "the tide will never cover it." Among recorded facts is the founding of the Monastery and Castle by B'itzgerald, Earl of Kildare, in the 13th century. In the civil wars the town was captured by the Parliamentary troops under Coote.
The chief lion of the town is the Abbey of Sligo, founded about 1252 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice, now a fine ruin. It was consumed by fire in 1414, but soon afterwards was reerected. The choir has a beautiful east window, of ' ' reticulated " tracery, still perfect ; the slender ringed shafts are a good feature. Under this is a very rare specimen of a stone altar ;

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

The town of Sligo carries a history that begins with legend. When Nuada of the Silver Hand vanquished and killed the king of the Firbolgs, the royal corpse was buried in the strand, and it is fabled that the tide will never cover it. Among recorded facts is the founding of the Monastery and Castle by Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, in the 13th century. The Abbey was founded about 1252 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice, now a fine ruin. It was consumed by fire in 1414, but soon afterwards was reerected. The choir has a beautiful east window of reticulated tracery, still perfect. The slender ringed shafts are a good feature. Under this is a very rare specimen of a stone altar. In the civil wars, the town was captured by Parliamentary troops under Coote.

Carton demesne of the Duke of Leinster

Maynooth · town · Kildare

Carton is the beautiful demesne of the Duke of Leinster at Maynooth, open to the public on week-days. The entrance is at the end of the village's main street.

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Ma3mooth {Hotel: Leinster Arms), the seat of the wellknown Roman Catholic College, is 15 m. from Dublin. The village consists chiefly of one tolerably wide street, at the end of which is the entrance to Carton, the beautiful demesne of the Duke of Leinster, open to the public on week-days ; at the other end is the Royal College of St. Patrick.
The college is a fine structure with two quadrangles, extended and improved in 1846 from the designs of Pugin. It has accommodation for over 500 students. The cloister is a fine specimen of Early English. The hall is a spacious and beautiful apartment, and there is a large library. The college was instituted by the Irish Parliament in 1795 to provide education for candidates for the priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church, on account of the difficulty, during the continental wars, of Irish students frequenting the foreign universities. More than half the Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland now receive their education at it. Formerly it obtained an annual parliamentary grant of £26,000 ; but at the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869 this was conmiuted by the payment of a capital sum fourteen times its amount. It is supported also by private donations and bequests, in addition to the entrance fees of the students.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 4

As the companion tells it

Maynooth sits about 15 miles from Dublin. The village is chiefly one tolerably wide street. At one end of that street is the entrance to Carton, the beautiful demesne of the Duke of Leinster, open to the public on week-days. At the other end stands the Royal College of St. Patrick, a fine structure with two quadrangles, extended and improved in 1846 from the designs of Pugin. The college has accommodation for over 500 students. Its cloister is a fine specimen of Early English, and its hall is a spacious and beautiful apartment, with a large library. The Irish Parliament instituted the college in 1795 to provide education for candidates for the priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church, on account of the difficulty, during the continental wars, of Irish students frequenting the foreign universities. More than half the Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland now receive their education there. Formerly the college obtained an annual parliamentary grant of 26,000 pounds, but at the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869 this was commuted by the payment of a capital sum fourteen times its amount. The college is supported also by private donations and bequests, in addition to the entrance fees of the students.

Clifden: oversized workhouse and cathedral

Clifden · town · Galway

The small town of Clifden was overwhelmed by both a monster workhouse and a huge Roman Catholic Cathedral, both out of all proportion to the population. The cathedral had a handsome spire but dominated the little town.

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The little town is overwhelmed both by the monster Workhouse and the huge Roman Catholic Cathedral. The latter has indeed a handsome spire ; but both these buildings are out of all proportion to the population here.
At the head of the two bays of Ardbear and Mannin, south of Clifden, are the well-known oyster beds belonging to Mr. Corless of Dublin.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 31

As the companion tells it

Up ahead is Clifden, in Galway. This little town is overwhelmed by two buildings far out of proportion to its population: a monster workhouse and a huge Roman Catholic cathedral. The cathedral does have a handsome spire, but still it dominates the place. South of the town, at the head of Ardbear and Mannin bays, are the well-known oyster beds belonging to Mr. Corless of Dublin.

Collooney and the proposed Belmullet railway link

Collooney · townland · Sligo

Collooney came into prominence in connection with a planned railway to Belmullet, intended to form a link in an 'All-Red Route' between Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. The new 90-mile line would terminate at Blacksod Bay, potentially saving 24 hours on the journey, with Belmullet Harbour described as one of the finest in Ireland.

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Collooney has come into prominence in connection with the railway to Belmullet planned to form a link in the ''All-Red Route " between Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. The new line is 90 miles long, and the terminus is to be at Blacksod Bay. By this method it is reckoned that 24 hours can be saved on the journey. Belmullet Harbour is one of the finest in Ireland, and the new harbour works will adapt it to receive a line of ocean steamers.
Having thus completed the tour of the cross-line between Limerick and Sligo, we may resume our journey westward from where we left it off at Athenry (p. 187) en route for Galway.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 22

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Collooney came into prominence in connection with a planned railway to Belmullet. The line was meant to form a link in what was called the All-Red Route, connecting Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. The new line would run 90 miles, with the terminus at Blacksod Bay. By this method, it was reckoned that 24 hours could be saved on the journey. Belmullet Harbour was described as one of the finest in Ireland, and new harbour works were to adapt it to receive a line of ocean steamers. The plan never lost its ambition, at least on paper, connecting this quiet place to a route that spanned continents and oceans.

Cong Franciscan Abbey and its surviving chapel

Cong · town · Mayo · 1290–1537

A Franciscan abbey built in 1290 in a picturesque spot at Cong, with a 15th-century tower bearing traceried windows. Though dissolved in 1537, friars remained nearby for roughly two centuries, and a chapel north of the tower is still used for Mass once a year.

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Franciscan Abbey was built in 1290 in a picturesque situation ; and even after the dissolution in 1537 the faithful friars lingered round their home for two hundred years. The tower, with traceried windows, is graceful ; and on the north of it is a chapel still used once a year for celebration of Mass. The cast window of the chancel is of the same (15th century) date as the tower. The cloisters and friary buildings stood on the south side. The Castle was one of the Clanricarde foundations.
At 5 miles we pass on the left the Incliacommaun islands, and shortly afterwards on our right Rabbit Island, where Lord Headley frequently camps. Further on, on the right, we see Annaghdown Castle and Abbey, both in ruins.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 42

As the companion tells it

In the town of Cong, a Franciscan abbey was built in 1290 in a picturesque spot. Even after the dissolution in 1537, the faithful friars lingered round their home for two hundred years. The tower, with its traceried windows, is graceful, and on the north of it stands a chapel still used once a year for celebration of Mass. The cast window of the chancel dates from the 15th century, the same period as the tower. The cloisters and friary buildings stood on the south side. The castle was one of the Clanricarde foundations.

Coronation hill of Inerughy and Tyrawley

Killala · town · Mayo

In the immediate neighbourhood of Killala is a hill where the ancient princes of Inerughy and Tyrawley were crowned. The bishop's palace nearby now forms part of the workhouse.

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between Ballina and Killala, but is to it as a bow to its string. Killala (small hotel) played a part in the disturbances of 1798. The principal object of interest is the very fine and complete Round Tower which rises from the midst of the houses. The bishop's palace forms part of the workhouse. In the immediate neighbourhood of the town is the hill where the ancient princes of Inerughy and Tyrawley were crowned. Northwest from this a road of 10 miles leads to Ballycastle [Hotel), from which can be reached
Downpatrick Head, 9 miles north of Killala, a succession of magnificent cliffs, well worthy of a visit. In ascending the Head visitors are startled by coming suddenly on a great chasm, caused by the surface of the hill having fallen in. Cautiously approaching this abyss, and looking down, the ocean is seen rolling in at a depth of 2000 feet, through a subterranean passage called the Poulashantana.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Killala, you are near a hill where the ancient princes of Inerughy and Tyrawley were once crowned. The town itself played a part in the disturbances of 1798. Its principal object of interest is a very fine and complete Round Tower that rises from the midst of the houses. The bishop's palace nearby now forms part of the workhouse.

Glencar: glen of the pillar-stone near Sligo

Glencar · electoral division · Leitrim

Glencar, meaning 'the glen of the pillar-stone,' lies eight miles from Sligo and is smaller than Lough Gill but makes a delightful round. On its north side is Mrs. Siberry's unique tea-house, and a path behind the cottage leads to the 'Swiss Valley.'

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Glencar ('*the glen of the pillar-stone"), is 8 miles from Sligo, smaller, and not so beautiful as Lough Gill, but it makes a delightful round nevertheless. On the north side is Mrs. Siberry's tea-house, of a kind unique in Ireland. Mrs. Siberry, who is known far and wide, is an adept at home-made bread, scones, and sponge cakes, baked in a "pot-oven." Her milk and cream are in keeping, and let no one think they have "done" the neighbourhood of Sligo until they have had tea here. While those who want to live the " simple life," in its most attractive form, will do well to secure accommodation, which is very limited, long beforehand.
From the cottage a short rise leads to

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

Glencar means the glen of the pillar-stone. It lies 8 miles from Sligo, smaller than Lough Gill and not so beautiful, but it makes a delightful round. On the north side stands Mrs Siberry's tea-house, a kind unique in Ireland. Mrs Siberry is known far and wide for home-made bread, scones, and sponge cakes baked in a

Glin Castle, seat of the Knight of Glin

Glin · town · Limerick

Glin is described as a bright, well-built village on the Shannon opposite Labasheeda Bay. Glin Castle has been for centuries the seat of the Knight of Glin, called the Red Knight, a branch of the Fitzgerald family.

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Glin Castle has been for centuries the seat of the Knight of Glin, called the " Red Knight," to distinguish this branch of the Fitzgerald family from those of the White Knight, and the Black Knight (of Kerry).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through Glin, a bright, well-built village on the Shannon, opposite Labasheeda Bay. Glin Castle has been for centuries the seat of the Knight of Glin, called the Red Knight, to distinguish this branch of the Fitzgerald family from the White Knight and the Black Knight of Kerry.

Killery Harbour name and red dye tradition

Killary Harbour · estuary · Galway

Killery means 'red valley,' well-deserved as the rocks on every side have a reddish-purple tinge. A rich red dye for homespun woollen is in great favour with local women and girls, adding bright colour to the foreground of many a fine view.

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Thus we pass along Killery which means *'red valley" and the name is well-deserved, as the rocks on every side have a curious, reddish-purple tinge, giving the impression of blooming heather. Also here, more than elsewhere, a rich red dye for their home- spun woollen is in great favour with women and girls, and many a fine view is touched up in the foreground by a flaming bit of colour. The local industries are crochet-lace and tweeds, specimens of which, both in the process of manufacture and as the finished article, can be seen at Leenane.
The direct road [good cycling) from Letterfrack tol Leenane, a distance of 12J miles, after passing the Post Office, and for a mile and a half, consists of an avenue of fuchsias of unusual height and flower. We have never seen this shrub growing in greater luxuriance in our islands ; not even in the Port Erin country in the Isle of Man. The air at Letterfrack is of that mild freshness characteristic of the neighbourhood. The little town lies between the Twelve Pins and the sea.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 34

As the companion tells it

You are coming along Killary Harbour now. The name means red valley, and it is well-earned. The rocks on every side carry a curious reddish-purple tinge, so the whole place looks as though heather were blooming across it. More than elsewhere along this coast, a rich red dye for homespun wool is in great favour here with women and girls. Many a fine view across the harbour is touched up in the foreground by a flaming bit of that colour against the dark rock. The local industries are crochet-lace and tweeds, and specimens of both can be seen at Leenane, in process and finished. The direct road from Letterfrack to Leenane runs about 12 and a half miles. After passing the Post Office, for a mile and a half it becomes an avenue of fuchsias of unusual height and flower, growing in greater luxuriance than anywhere else in these islands. Letterfrack itself lies between the Twelve Pins and the sea.

King of Greece visits Delphi during Royal tour

Doolough · townland · Mayo · 1903

During the Royal tour of Ireland in 1903, the King of Greece paid a special visit to Delphi. Princess Victoria and the Lord-Lieutenant spent time fishing the river and lake, with the Royal party afterwards taking tea at the Lodge.

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is the Rev. E. Spencer Gough, rector of Barningham, Yorkshire. The road from Leenane around by Aasleagh and Delphi to the upper end of Dhulough offers a delightful cycling run, and includes some mountain and sea views not to be surpassed in the British Isles. During the Royal tour in Ireland, in 1903, the King of Greece paid a special visit to Delphi, Princess Victoria and the Lord- Lieutenant spending some time in fishing the river and lake, the Royal party afterwards taking tea at the Lodge. The house overlooking Dhulough is an attractive feature on going through the Delphi pass. It was here that Walsham How, the late Bishop of Wakefield, died while on a fishing holiday in 1 897. The road which branches off to the right just below Dhulough is a rather rough road, but the views of Tanyard Lake, and in the Sheffry Pass, are of a wild, and it might be said, magnificent character. It is the most attractive route from Delphi, and also the shorter to Westport, and is by no means impassable for a carriage and pair. The district is known as the Barony of Murrisk, a very ancient name, a corruption of a word meaning a sea-marsh.
Louisburgh (21 miles from Leenane and 14 from Westport ; Hotels: {I.A.C., C.) M'Dermott's (small, modern); (0.) M'Girr's (also small)) is a dull village of 400 inhabitants, within a mile of the sea, and as free as Athenry from all attempt to adorn itself with outward attraction. There is salmon fishing in the rivers near for 10s. a day. Boats can be had to visit Clare Island, to which it is the nearest point. Its only piece of antiquity is the disused chapel, now converted to secular uses.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 36

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Doolough, the road from Leenane runs around by Aasleagh and Delphi, described as a delightful cycling run with mountain and sea views not to be surpassed in the British Isles. During the Royal tour in Ireland in 1903, the King of Greece paid a special visit to Delphi. Princess Victoria and the Lord Lieutenant spent time fishing the river and the lake, and the Royal party afterwards took tea at the Lodge. The house overlooking Doolough stands as an attractive feature when going through the Delphi pass. It was here that Walsham How, the late Bishop of Wakefield, died while on a fishing holiday. A road branches off below Doolough, a rather rough road, but the views of Tanyard Lake and in the Sheffry Pass are of a wild and magnificent character. It is the most attractive route from Delphi to Westport, and also the shorter, and by no means impassable for a carriage and pair. The district is known as the Barony of Murrisk, a very ancient name, a corruption of a word meaning a sea-marsh. Further along, Louisburgh sits 21 miles from Leenane and 14 from Westport, a dull village of 400 inhabitants within a mile of the sea, as free as Athenry from all attempt to adorn itself with outward attraction. There is salmon fishing in the rivers near for 10 shillings a day, and boats can be had to visit Clare Island, to which it is the nearest point. Its only piece of antiquity is the disused chapel, now converted to secular uses.

Limerick lace-making industry revived

Limerick · city · Limerick

Limerick was famous for lace-making, an industry that experienced a period of depression before being revived. The city was also a busy industrial centre with flour-mills, bacon-curing, and butter and cream factories.

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Limerick is not a tourist town, and its hotels are purely commercial. It is, however, a busy industrial town possessing large flour-mills, bacon-curing establishments, butter and cream factories, etc. The lace-making for which it used to be famous has been revived after a time of depression. The Shannon Fisheries Company own the important salmon fisheries, and there is scarcely any rod-fishing for strangers. As a shipping port the town ranks fourth in Ireland. It is a garrison town, and last but not least its reputation for pretty girls is amply demonstrated by facts. By adopting electric lighting, and in its fine technical schools, its Carnegie free library and public museum, the authorities show signs of care for the citizens' welfare.
Limerick is finely situated on both banks of the Shannon, at the head of the inlet known as the Lower Shannon, and is a good centre for the Lower Shannon scenery. It became the capital of the Danes, who were expelled from it by Brian Boroirahe. From 1106 until 1174, when it was conquered by the English, it w^as the capital of the kings of Thomond or North Munster.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 10

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, you are in a busy industrial city rather than a tourist town. It has large flour-mills, bacon-curing establishments, and butter and cream factories. The lace-making for which Limerick used to be famous has been revived after a time of depression. The Shannon Fisheries Company own the important salmon fisheries here, and there is scarcely any rod-fishing for strangers. The town ranks fourth in Ireland as a shipping port and serves as a garrison town as well. It sits finely on both banks of the Shannon, at the head of the inlet known as the Lower Shannon. Limerick became the capital of the Danes, who were expelled from it by Brian Boroimhe. From 1106 until 1174, when it was conquered by the English, it was the capital of the kings of Thomond or North Munster.

Salmon at the weir from New Bridge

New Bridge · bridge · Meath

Salmon abound in the River Corrib and can often be seen from the parapet of New Bridge lying in great numbers waiting to ascend the weir. At the spawning season this is described as one of the sights of Galway.

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There is good salmon-fishing free on Lough Corrib, but in the town all the water below the weir is preserved. Anglers who apply for a permit for trout-fishing are usually granted it, but pay about 15s. a day to fish for salmon. Salmon abound in the River Corrib, and may often be seen from the parapet of New Bridge lying in great numbers as close together as the fingers of the hand, waiting to ascend the weir. At the spawning season this is one of the sights of Galway.
Galway presents a curious combination of dilapidation and decay, with signs of improvement and moderate prosperity. Some immense warehouses, comparatively modern, have been for several years unoccupied, and are slowly going to ruin, and in nearly every street untenanted and roofless houses suggest the "impression of a city sacked and ruined."

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

This is New Bridge, standing over the River Corrib in Galway. Salmon abound in the river, and from the parapet of the bridge they can often be seen lying in great numbers, as close together as the fingers of a hand, waiting to ascend the weir. At the spawning season this is one of the sights of Galway. There is good salmon fishing free on Lough Corrib, but in the town all the water below the weir is preserved. Anglers who apply for a permit for trout fishing are usually granted it, but pay about 15 shillings a day to fish for salmon.

St John's RC Cathedral spire and Benzoni statue in Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick

St John's Roman Catholic Cathedral in Limerick is adorned by one of the handsomest spires in Ireland. Within is a dark stone reredos and a beautiful marble statue by Benzoni of the Virgin Mary, described as perhaps the work of art in Limerick.

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St. John's Roman Catholic Cathedral is reached from St. Mary's Cathedral by Mary and John Streets. It is adorned by one of the handsomest spires in Ireland, and, within, by a dark and elaborate stone rercdos over the great altar. Between the south altars is a very beautiful marble statue by Benzoni of the Virgin Mary — perhaps the work of art in Limerick.
The best of the other churches is that of the RedemptoHsts, a short walk southwards along George's Street and Military Road. This large building contains in the north aisle a bronze statue of St. Peter (?), with toes polished to an unusual extent by a curious means.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 12

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, St John's Roman Catholic Cathedral stands out for its spire, called one of the handsomest in Ireland. Inside, over the great altar, there is a dark and elaborate stone reredos. Between the south altars stands a marble statue by Benzoni of the Virgin Mary, described as perhaps the work of art in Limerick. The cathedral is reached from St Mary's Cathedral by Mary and John Streets. The Redemptorists' church, a short walk south along George's Street and Military Road, holds a bronze statue of St Peter in its north aisle, with toes polished by a curious means.

Granuaile Castle on Clare Island

Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo

The tower of Granuaile Castle, the ancient residence of Grace O'Malley, stands above the harbour on the east side of Clare Island. Grace O'Malley became leader of her clan and was first married to O'Flaherty, Prince of Connemara, then to Sir Richard Bourke.

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Glare Island, at the mouth of the bay, has an area of 3949 acres, and its highest elevation is the Hill of Knock (1520 feet) presenting bold and precipitous cliffs to the Atlantic. The island is most conveniently visited from Achill Sound. Of the Cistercian Abbey, founded in 1224, there are remains in Avhich may be seen some fragments of fresco paintings and the so-called tomb of Grace O'Malley. Notice the coat of arms, bearing a boar and the motto ( — of the Royal Marines !). The tower of Granuaile Castle, the ancient residence of the celebrated Grace O'Malley, is situated above the harbour on the east. This lady became the leader of her clan, and eventually gained the title of" Grace of the Heroes." She was first married to O'Flaherty, Prince of Connemara, and on his decease to Sir Richard Bourke. *' Tradition," says Otway, "hands down a singular item of the marriage-contract. The marriage was to last /or certain but one year, and if at the end of that period either said to the other,
232 CLIFDEN TO WESTPORT

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 37

As the companion tells it

Clare Island sits at the mouth of the bay, 3,949 acres, with the Hill of Knock rising 1,520 feet and bold cliffs facing the Atlantic. On the island stands Granuaile Castle, its tower above the harbour on the east side. It was the ancient residence of Grace O'Malley. She became the leader of her clan and gained the title "Grace of the Heroes." She was first married to O'Flaherty, Prince of Connemara, and after his death to Sir Richard Bourke. In Otway's words, "tradition hands down a singular item of the marriage-contract. The marriage was to last for certain but one year, and if at the end of that period either said to the other." The island also holds the remains of a Cistercian Abbey, founded in 1224, with fragments of fresco paintings and the so-called tomb of Grace O'Malley. A coat of arms there bears a boar and the motto of the Royal Marines.

Mrs. Siberry's tea-house at Glencar

Glencar · electoral division · Leitrim

Mrs. Siberry's tea-house on the north side of Glencar is described as unique in Ireland. Mrs. Siberry is renowned for home-made bread, scones, and sponge cakes baked in a pot-oven, with matching milk and cream, and offers very limited accommodation for the 'simple life.'

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Glencar ('*the glen of the pillar-stone"), is 8 miles from Sligo, smaller, and not so beautiful as Lough Gill, but it makes a delightful round nevertheless. On the north side is Mrs. Siberry's tea-house, of a kind unique in Ireland. Mrs. Siberry, who is known far and wide, is an adept at home-made bread, scones, and sponge cakes, baked in a "pot-oven." Her milk and cream are in keeping, and let no one think they have "done" the neighbourhood of Sligo until they have had tea here. While those who want to live the " simple life," in its most attractive form, will do well to secure accommodation, which is very limited, long beforehand.
From the cottage a short rise leads to

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

Glencar, the glen of the pillar-stone, lies about 8 miles from Sligo. The guide says it is smaller and not so beautiful as Lough Gill, but makes a delightful round nonetheless. On the north side of Glencar is Mrs. Siberry's tea-house, of a kind the guide calls unique in Ireland. Mrs. Siberry is known far and wide for home-made bread, scones, and sponge cakes, all baked in a pot-oven. Her milk and cream are in keeping. The guide's words are clear: let no one think they have done the neighbourhood of Sligo until they have had tea here. For those who want the simple life in its most attractive form, accommodation is very limited and should be secured long beforehand.

Achill Island poverty and living conditions

near Achill Island · island or archipelago · Mayo

Many inhabitants of Achill Island lived in chronic poverty, dwelling in huts of rough cobbles and turf. Relief work in road-making was provided in winter, and the lace industry had grown as a staple home occupation.

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energy to develop them, and swifter communication with the interior of Ireland. As it is, many of the inhabitants are in a chronic state of poverty, a fact suflBciently evident from a glance at the huts of rough cobbles and turf in which they dwell ; but here, as in other parts of the country, the standard of living has improved. Relief work in the shape of road-making is given in the winter. The lace industry has grown, the Carrickmacross lace-making being the staple work of many a home. There is a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland in seasons when agricultural labour is in demand, especially is this the case in regard to the potato crops in Dumfries, " tatie coppers," as they are called, going over in their hundreds. In Achill there are no fences and few even of the rough stone walls forming boundaries, therefore a large proportion of the time of the natives is taken up in "herding" the stock. Peat-preserving also takes up many hours of labour, as an old dame said, ''It's the wan blessing we have, but what w^ith the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it ! " In the height of the peat-cutting in May it is a sight to see a fleet of as many as eighty turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound.
The scenery of Achill is most beautiful, in spite of the fact of its almost treeless condition, and the heights of the near islands and the mainland seen as a background to its own rockfringed bays or stupendous cliffs would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 39

As the companion tells it

Achill Island lies off the coast of Mayo, and many of its inhabitants lived in chronic poverty. The evidence was plain enough in the huts of rough cobbles and turf where they dwelt, though the standard of living had begun to improve. In winter, relief work came in the shape of road-making. The lace industry had also grown, and Carrickmacross lace-making became the staple work of many a home on the island. There was a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland when agricultural labour was in demand. This was especially so for the potato crops in Dumfries, where workers known as "tatie coppers" went over in their hundreds. On Achill there were no fences and few even of the rough stone walls that might form boundaries, so a large proportion of the natives' time was taken up in herding the stock. Peat-preserving also consumed many hours of labour. An old woman put it plainly: "It's the wan blessing we have, but what with the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it." In the height of peat-cutting in May, you could see a fleet of as many as 80 turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound. The scenery of Achill is most beautiful, in spite of its almost treeless condition. The heights of the near islands and the mainland, seen as a background to its own rock-fringed bays or stupendous cliffs, would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Ashford House demesne and abbey restoration

Ashford · townland · Galway

Ashford House, the seat of Lord Ardilaun, is situated in a wooded bay about two miles from Cong. The nearby abbey ruins were carefully restored by Sir Benjamin Guinness, Lord Ardilaun's father, who rebuilt part of the cloister arcade.

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Ashford House (Lord Ardilaun) is well seen as the steamer sweeps round into the little wooded bay, but not a vestige of the village appears. It is in fact about 2 miles away to the left. Cong {Hotels : (C) Clare Arms ; Ryan's ; both small but clean) has many attractions, bringing sight-seers from all over the world. The sights include the abbey, demesne grounds and caves. The abbey is partly situated in the grounds of Lord Ardilaun {admission at the cottage left of the carved gateivay). The ruins received careful attention at the hands of Sir Benjamin Guinness, the father of Lord Ardilaun, who placed them under proper control and^rebuilt some of the cloister arcade.
238 GALWAY TO CLIFDEN

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 42

As the companion tells it

Close to Ashford, you can find Ashford House, the seat of Lord Ardilaun. The house is well seen as a steamer sweeps round into a little wooded bay, though not a vestige of the village appears from there. The house stands in fact about 2 miles from Cong. The sights in the area include an abbey, demesne grounds, and caves. The abbey is partly situated in the grounds of Lord Ardilaun, with admission at a cottage to the left of a carved gateway. The ruins received careful attention from Sir Benjamin Guinness, the father of Lord Ardilaun. He placed them under proper control and rebuilt some of the cloister arcade.

High Island: degraded monastic cells

High Island · townland · Galway

Since Petrie's day the monastic cells or clochans on High Island had been shamefully destroyed, with only two still standing. A Holy Well in the centre of the island still received pilgrims' offerings, indicating its ancient fame.

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The island is only accessible in calm weather, and then the landing (at the north-east) is difficult. The Chapel, the principal ruin, is at the south end near the larger loughlet. As it is 3 feet longer than Molaise's Chapel on Inismurray, it is not quite the smallest chapel in the British Isles. The lintel over the west door was once a " monumental cross," and the most interesting cross here is on the south side. Since Petrie's day the place has been shamefully destroyed ; the cells or clochans of the monastery have suffered much, and only two now stand. Though the existence of the monks' mill may be disputed, the pilgrims' offerings sufficiently indicate the ancient fame of the Holy Well, in the centre of the island.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 32

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to High Island, there are the remains of a monastery that has suffered badly. Since Petrie's day the place has been shamefully destroyed. The cells or clochans of the monastery have suffered much, and only two now stand. The island is only accessible in calm weather, and even then the landing at the north-east is difficult. The principal ruin is a chapel at the south end near the larger loughlet, 3 feet longer than Molaise's Chapel on Inismurray, so not quite the smallest chapel in the British Isles. The lintel over the west door was once a monumental cross, and the most interesting cross here is on the south side. A Holy Well stands in the centre of the island, and pilgrims still leave offerings there, indicating its ancient fame.

Sligo Roman Catholic Cathedral: modern Romanesque building

Sligo · town · Sligo

The Roman Catholic Cathedral in Sligo is described as one of the most important modern buildings in Ireland, Romanesque in character, with a massive tower of chimes, a striking triforium, and a symbolic winged angel over the east apse. A well-carved statue of St. Patrick adorns an outer building.

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In another part of the town are St. John's Church, a fine stone building with an uncommon east window, and the modern Roman Catholic Cathedral. The splendid carillon of chimes of the Cathedkal will have been heard before reaching it. This is one of the most important modern buildings in Ireland, and Romanesque in character — a style uncommon in recent work. (Notice, in passing, the well-carved statue of St. Patrick on the wall of an outer building.) The tower containing the chimes is massive ; and the winged angel over the east apse is a remarkable symbolic figure — not of Peace. Owing to the lack of carved ornament within, the bare forms of this style are unrelieved, and the whole effect, though dignified, is heavy. The most striking feature is the wide and lofty triforium.
Among other advantages of the neighbourhood, there is good sea-bathing, with accommodation, at Rosses Point, 4 or 5 miles away, and also a capital 18-hole golf course with a club-house.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Sligo town, you may hear the splendid carillon of chimes from the Roman Catholic Cathedral before you see it. It is one of the most important modern buildings in Ireland, Romanesque in character, a style uncommon in recent work. The tower holding the chimes is massive, and the winged angel over the east apse is a remarkable symbolic figure, described in the guide as not of Peace. A well-carved statue of St. Patrick stands on the wall of an outer building. Inside, the lack of carved ornament leaves the bare forms of the style unrelieved, and the whole effect, though dignified, is heavy. The most striking feature is the wide and lofty triforium.

Thomond Bridge on ancient crossing site

Thomond Bridge · street · Limerick

Thomond Bridge connects English Town with County Clare, occupying the site of a very ancient structure. On the Clare side stands the Treaty Stone. King John's Castle sits at the Clare end of the bridge.

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Bridges. — English Town is connected with Newtown-Pery by New or Mathew Bridge, so named after Father Matliew {Killarney Sect. p. 105), and by Ball's Bridge, a modern structure occupying the site of a bridge of great antiquity, Thomond Bridge, also occupying the site of a very ancient structure connects English town with County Clare. On the Clare side of the bridge stands the "Treaty Stone" mentioned above.
By far the most inxpressive view of the town is that having the Treaty Stone in the foreground and looking back across the river at the walls of the castle, with the cathedral tower rising to the right.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

As the companion tells it

Thomond Bridge connects English Town with County Clare, occupying the site of a very ancient structure. King John's Castle sits at the Clare end. On the Clare side of the bridge stands the Treaty Stone. The most impressive view of the town is the one with the Treaty Stone in the foreground, looking back across the river at the walls of the castle, with the cathedral tower rising to the right.

Ginckell's House, North Gate Street, Athlone

Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1691

Ginckell's House stands at the corner of North Gate Street in Athlone. It is said the Dutch general Ginckell, described as having no idea of chivalry, lived there during the siege of 1691.

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The walls, built about 300 years ago, have mostly disappeared, but besides the castle fort several historic buildings remain. There is Ginckell's House, at the corner of North gate Street, in which it is said the Dutchman — the famous general ** who
180 DUBLIN TO GALWAY

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

Athlone's old walls, built about 300 years ago, have mostly disappeared, though the castle fort still stands. During the 1691 siege, batteries lined the river bank on what is now Strand Street. At the corner of North Gate Street, Ginckell's House is said to be where the Dutch general lived through the siege.

Captain Boycott's ruined home near Keem Bay

Keem Bay · bay · Mayo

Not far from Keem Bay on Achill Island was the home of the well-known Captain Boycott, which by 1912 had fallen into ruins.

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To the south of Slievemore is the semicircular Keem Bay, where there is a salmon fishery. Here are picked up the Achill amethysts, much sought after and becoming rarer. Not far off was the home of the well-known Captain Boycott, now in ruins.
To see the island properly it is necessary to run right round the south end by some means or another, following the grandly named ''Atlantic Drive," a very rough road, degenerating at times on the western side into a mere grass-grown mountain track, with one zigzag and precipitous descent. There is no doubt whatever that this road will soon be greatly improved and form one of the features of the island. The views from the south end looking down Achill Sound are bewilderingly beautiful. The giant Corraun peninsula near at hand, the hills of Murrisk behind, and the heights of Clare island to the west, blending in a grand panorama. The rock-fringed shore on the west recalls parts of Cornwall. From the tiny hamlet of Dooagh the famous Meenaun Cliffs may be visited. Dooagh is a miserable little place, with many houses tumbling in ruin, and the rest with their unmortared stone and thatch roofs weighted by stones of a poor kind. If the tide is low the cliffs may be seen by taking a longish walk on the sands, but if high the only way is to follow one of the numerous paths between the peasants' neatly cultivated holdings and breast the hill to the turf -cutting colony above — very rough walking — after this there is a stretch of slippery heather -grown upland, but neither so steep nor rough as what has preceded it ; the total distance from the village is about 1^ miles. The Cliffs are 1000 feet in height, and as they are totally unguarded, care must be taken in the approach. They are not vertical, but razor-edged and streaked with yellow and grey strata. The action of the waves has hollowed out some into the semblance of great arches known as the Cathedral Cliffs.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

South of Slievemore lies the semicircular Keem Bay, where there is a salmon fishery. Here too are found the Achill amethysts, much sought after and becoming rarer. Not far from this bay was the home of the well-known Captain Boycott. By the time the guidebook described it, that house had fallen into ruins. To see the island properly, the guidebook said, one had to run right round the south end, following the grandly named Atlantic Drive. That road was very rough, degenerating at times on the western side into a mere grass-grown mountain track, with one zigzag and precipitous descent. The writer had no doubt that this road would soon be greatly improved and form one of the features of the island. The views from the south end looking down Achill Sound were, in the book's words, "bewilderingly beautiful." The giant Corraun peninsula stood near at hand, the hills of Murrisk behind, and the heights of Clare Island to the west, blending in a grand panorama. The rock-fringed shore on the west recalled parts of Cornwall. From the tiny hamlet of Dooagh the famous Meenaun Cliffs could be visited. Those cliffs were 1000 feet in height, razor-edged and streaked with yellow and grey strata. The action of the waves had hollowed out some into the semblance of great arches, known as the Cathedral Cliffs.

Cave of Kilkee and its mineral formations

Kilkee · town · Clare

The Cave of Kilkee, about two miles from the town, is best visited by boat from the harbour, giving views of cliff scenery. Its arched entrance stands about sixty feet high, with stalactites and rich metallic tinges from minerals held in solution by the water.

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The Cave of Kilkee is about 2 miles from the town, and is best visited by boat from the harbour, a fine view being in this way obtained of the cliff scenery along the shore. The arched entrance to the cave is about 60 feet in height. Our attention is at once attracted by the numerous jutting rocks, the stalactites depending from the roof, and the *' variety of rich metallic tinges from the copper, iron, and other mineral substances held in solution by the water." As we proceed into the cave it gradually diminishes in height.
The walks along the coast are of great interest, especially southwards. The dark rocks of chipping flakes, hollowed beneath and broken into fantastic shapes by the waves, form a grand setting to the luminous blues, greens, and snowy foam of the Atlantic breakers.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 17

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Kilkee, the famous cave here lies about 2 miles from the town, best reached by boat from the harbour. The arched entrance stands about 60 feet high, and you are drawn straight away to the stalactites hanging from the roof and the rich metallic tinges from copper, iron, and other minerals held in the water. The cave gradually narrows as you go deeper inside. The coastal walks are well worth it too, especially heading south, where dark rocks broken into fantastic shapes by the Atlantic form a grand setting for the luminous blues, greens, and snowy foam of the breakers.

Lisdoonvarna spa and mineral springs

Lisdoonvarna · townland · Clare

Lisdoonvarna is described as one of the most frequented spas of Ireland, with iron, sulphur, and chalybeate springs. The 'twin-springs' of iron and sulphur rise within inches of each other, and the town offers pump-house, public bath-house, and specialised hot-air and electric baths at establishments like Thomond House.

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(I.A.C., C.) Atlantic Yiew ; Royal Spa ; Kincona ; Glenbourne ; Lynch's) is one of the most frequented spas of Ireland, and increasing in popularity. It is not in any way a tourist resort, but extraordinarily beneficial to invalids, especially those suffering from arthritis and rheumatism. Springs of iron, sulphur and with chalybeate qualities have been discovered. The " twin- springs " of iron and sulphur rise within a few inches of each other. There is a pump-house and public bath-house, and at some of the hotels, as at Thomond House, there are special arrangements for hot-air baths and electric baths for special cures. Thomond House is not exactly an hotel, but resembles the hydropathic establishments so popular in Scotland. It is famed for its flowers, and, under the management of its proprietress, Mrs. Bulger, a lady well-known in society, is achieving a unique position. Terms from 3 guineas a week.
The whole district is a botanist's paradise, and in many of the rocks here and on the sea-coast are sheltered crevices which by their retained heat foster many rare specimens.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Lisdoonvarna lies one of the most frequented spas of Ireland, and a place still growing in popularity. It is not a tourist resort. It draws invalids, especially those suffering from arthritis and rheumatism, who come because the waters are said to be extraordinarily beneficial. Springs of iron, sulphur, and chalybeate qualities have been discovered here. The twin springs of iron and sulphur rise within a few inches of each other. There is a pump-house and a public bath-house, and at some of the hotels there are special arrangements for hot-air baths and electric baths for particular cures. Thomond House, run by its proprietress Mrs. Bulger, a lady well-known in society, is not exactly an hotel but resembles the hydropathic establishments popular in Scotland. It is famed for its flowers, and terms run from 3 guineas a week. The whole district is a botanist's paradise, where sheltered crevices in the rocks retain heat and foster many rare specimens.

Sarsfield statue behind Roman Catholic Cathedral

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1881

A statue of General Sarsfield was erected in 1881 behind the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Limerick, commemorating the defender of the city during the sieges of 1690–1691.

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In the PeopU^s Parh^ south-west of the railway station, is a monument to Spring Rice — a lofty Ionic column surmounted by a statue. At the junction of Glentworth Street with Upper Baker Street there is a handsome Clock-Tower, erected in 1867 in honour of Alderman Tait. A statue of General Sarsfield was erected in 1881 behind the Roman Catholic Cathedral.
King John's Castle, erected by William de Burgh in the reign of King John for the defence of English Town, is situated at Thomond Bridge. It is one of the most important specimens of the old Norman fortresses now existing in the country, being still in good preservation. Five massive towers are connected by high walls of great thickness and solidity. On the side facing the river the marks of shot and shell, made on the walls centuries ago during the dififerent sieges, are plainly visible from Thomond Bridge. The interior of the castle is occupied by barracks, the buildings of which, overlooking the walls, are very little in harmony with the older structure.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

As the companion tells it

As Limerick comes up on the road, behind the Roman Catholic Cathedral there stands a statue of General Sarsfield, erected in 1881. It commemorates the defender of the city during the sieges of 1690 and 1691. Sarsfield held Limerick through those years of assault, and the statue was raised in his honour, placed behind the cathedral, more than a hundred and eighty years after the sieges themselves.

Clonmacnoise: ecclesiastical ruins on the Shannon

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

Clonmacnoise, meaning 'Retreat of the Sons of the Noble,' is a celebrated group of ecclesiastical ruins on the Shannon, best approached by water from Athlone. The grey stone buildings with tall sentinel towers stand amid green mounds by the river.

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Far the best approach is by water, as the road curves round a long C, goes from bad to worse, and gives no sight of the ruins until you almost drop down on them. By water you get an admirable picture, the grey stone buildings, with the tall sentinel towers, standing amid green mounds, with the river lapping at their feet. On the right is the extraordinary ruin

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 6

As the companion tells it

Close to Clonmacnoise, the name means Retreat of the Sons of the Noble. The best approach is by water from Athlone. The road curves round a long C and goes from bad to worse, giving no sight of the ruins until you almost drop down on them. From the river you see grey stone buildings with tall sentinel towers standing amid green mounds, the water lapping at their feet.

Glacial geology of Killary Harbour and the Erriff valley

Killary Harbour · estuary · Galway

The Erriff river valley widens into the Greater Killory or 'red fiord,' a remarkable inlet 12 miles long with striking glacial phenomena including grooved rocks and moraine boulders. Sheets of lava and ash along the south shore-road provide evidence of volcanic action.

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The valley of the Erriff river, which at Leenane is deepened and widened into the Greater Killory or "red fiord," is of considerable interest to the geologist, who will doubtless have at hand the descriptions of Harkness and Hull. It is sufficient here to remind the general tourist that in this remarkable inlet, 12 miles in length, " the glacial phenomena are very striking," and the rocks are ** scored with groovings pointing down the valley, while masses of moraine matter with huge boulders are strewn along the shore," and that, like the Estuary of the Shannon and Cork harbour, it was, during the Ice Age, a much shallower valley, and a " channel of fresh water." Old * ' Mountain terraces " may be seen on the sides of the Delphi valley, and along the road to Cong ; and at the head of the harbour the lines of *' river terraces " are easily observed. Sheets of lava and ash visible along the south shoreroad are proofs of volcanic action.
Of the two favourite excursions that to Kylemore, if not already included in the journey from the west, is the most popular (see p. 226).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

Killary Harbour is a remarkable inlet, twelve miles long, where the valley of the Erriff river deepens and widens at Leenane into what was once called the Greater Killory, or the red fiord. The glacial phenomena here are very striking. The rocks are scored with groovings pointing down the valley, and masses of moraine matter with huge boulders are strewn along the shore. During the Ice Age this was a much shallower valley, a channel of fresh water, like the estuary of the Shannon and Cork harbour. Mountain terraces may be seen on the sides of the Delphi valley and along the road to Cong, and at the head of the harbour the lines of river terraces are easily observed. Sheets of lava and ash visible along the south shore road are proofs of volcanic action. The geologists Harkness and Hull both wrote descriptions of this place. What you are passing is an inlet shaped first by fire, then by ice, and the evidence of both is still written into the rock.

'Irish Stonehenge': ancient stones in deer-park north of Lough Gill

near Lough Gill · lake or lakes · Kerry

In the deer-park north of Lough Gill is a collection of ancient stones sometimes called the Irish Stonehenge. The author notes it is rather out of the way and could not be seen well during the described round of the lake.

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At Lissadel House, Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place, north of Drumcliff Bay are the most wonderful bulb farms in the kingdom, and also Alpine gardens, freely shown to visitors. In the deer-park, north of Lough Gill, is a collection of ancient stones, sometimes called the Irish Stone-henge, but this is rather out of the w^ay, and could not be seen very well during the run round the lake described above.
The Road to Bundoran (the only driving connection is the mail-car which starts at 6 A.M. and has a seat for one passenger) runs northwards round the western foot of Benbulbin, and passes, in 11 miles, through Grange, the best boat-landing for Inismurray.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

Up here near Lough Gill there's a collection of ancient stones in the deer-park, sometimes called the Irish Stonehenge. The author of the old guide calls it rather out of the way and says it could not be seen very well during the round of the lake. So if you don't catch a glimpse of standing stones as you pass, that may be why. The same writer mentions bulb farms and Alpine gardens at Lissadel House, Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place, north of Drumcliff Bay, freely shown to visitors, though that lies a bit beyond this stretch.

Newtown-Pery founded by Sexton Pery

Newtown Pery · population centre · Limerick · 1769

The prosperity of Limerick dates from the foundation of Newtown-Pery by Mr. Sexton Pery in 1769. This part of the city contains the better streets, laid out with near American-style regularity.

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The portion on "King's island" called English Town was founded in the reign of King John by William de Burgo, who built the castle for its defence. In the 15th century its fortifications were extended to Irish Town south of it. The city in 1651 was taken by General Ireton. William III.'s siege of 1690, owing chiefly to Sarsfield's energetic defence, was raised ; but 13 months later Ginckell proved too strong even for that gallant defender, and Sarsfield had to sign, upon the Treaty Stone, the famous document which bound William to respect and protect the old privileges of the Roman Catholics. The way in which the English side of the bargain was kept is sufficiently indicated by the name of the City of the Violated Treaty. The prosperity of the city dates from the foundation of Newtown-Pery by Mr. Sexton Pery in 1769.
Bridges. — English Town is connected with Newtown-Pery by New or Mathew Bridge, so named after Father Matliew {Killarney Sect. p. 105), and by Ball's Bridge, a modern structure occupying the site of a bridge of great antiquity, Thomond Bridge, also occupying the site of a very ancient structure connects English town with County Clare. On the Clare side of the bridge stands the "Treaty Stone" mentioned above.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

As the companion tells it

You are coming through Newtown Pery, the part of Limerick where the city's prosperity began. It was founded by Sexton Pery in 1769, and its streets were laid out with a regularity that was almost American in its straightness. Before this, Limerick's story ran through centuries of siege and broken promises. English Town on King's Island was founded under King John by William de Burgo, who built the castle for its defence. General Ireton took the city in 1651. William the Third's siege of 1690 was raised thanks to Sarsfield's energetic defence, but 13 months later Ginckell proved too strong even for that gallant defender, and Sarsfield signed upon the Treaty Stone the document that bound William to respect and protect the old privileges of the Roman Catholics. The way the English side kept the bargain is indicated by the name, the City of the Violated Treaty. New or Mathew Bridge and Ball's Bridge connect English Town to this part of the city.

Seasonal migration from Achill to Britain

near Achill Island · island or archipelago · Mayo

Large numbers of Achill Islanders migrated temporarily to England and Scotland for agricultural labour, particularly for potato harvesting in Dumfries. These workers were known as 'tatie coppers' and went over in their hundreds.

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energy to develop them, and swifter communication with the interior of Ireland. As it is, many of the inhabitants are in a chronic state of poverty, a fact suflBciently evident from a glance at the huts of rough cobbles and turf in which they dwell ; but here, as in other parts of the country, the standard of living has improved. Relief work in the shape of road-making is given in the winter. The lace industry has grown, the Carrickmacross lace-making being the staple work of many a home. There is a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland in seasons when agricultural labour is in demand, especially is this the case in regard to the potato crops in Dumfries, " tatie coppers," as they are called, going over in their hundreds. In Achill there are no fences and few even of the rough stone walls forming boundaries, therefore a large proportion of the time of the natives is taken up in "herding" the stock. Peat-preserving also takes up many hours of labour, as an old dame said, ''It's the wan blessing we have, but what w^ith the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it ! " In the height of the peat-cutting in May it is a sight to see a fleet of as many as eighty turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound.
The scenery of Achill is most beautiful, in spite of the fact of its almost treeless condition, and the heights of the near islands and the mainland seen as a background to its own rockfringed bays or stupendous cliffs would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 39

As the companion tells it

Achill Island lies along this road, a place whose people have long gone away and come back again. Many of the inhabitants live in a chronic state of poverty, evident from the huts of rough cobbles and turf in which they dwell. But the standard of living has improved, as it has in other parts of the country. Relief work in road-making is given in the winter. The lace industry has grown, with Carrickmacross lace-making the staple work of many a home. There is a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland in seasons when agricultural labour is in demand, especially for the potato crops in Dumfries. These workers are called tatie coppers, and they go over in their hundreds. In Achill there are no fences and few even of rough stone walls forming boundaries, so a large proportion of the time of the natives is taken up herding the stock. Peat-preserving also takes up many hours of labour. An old dame said, It's the one blessing we have, but what with the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it. In the height of the peat-cutting in May it is a sight to see a fleet of as many as 80 turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound. The scenery of Achill is most beautiful, in spite of its almost treeless condition. The heights of the near islands and the mainland seen as a background to its own rock-fringed bays or stupendous cliffs would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Sligo town: prosperity and public buildings

Sligo · town · Sligo

Sligo is described as one of the most prosperous-looking places in Ireland, built on both sides of the River Garavogue with well-built, well-brushed streets, good shops, and fine public buildings including the Town Hall, Court House, and a stone National School covered with rose-trees.

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Sligo is one of the most prosperous-looking places in Ireland. It is built on both sides of the River Garavogue. Its streets are not only well built, but they are well brushed ; there are good shops, and also some fine public buildings, including the Town Hall, the Court House, and a wonderful stone National School covered with rose-trees. There are two bridges near together and at right angles to one another owing to the bend in the river, and the abbey and cathedral mentioned below are worth a visit.
The town and its pleasant surroundings deserve to be better known than they are, especially as there are numerous excursions to be made, some of them being of quite unusual interest ; the scenery of Loughs Gill and Glencar is charming, and should certainly be seen by every tourist in western Ireland. For those again with antiquarian tastes, it is a land of plenty, as there are many ruins and prehistoric remains in the district. (See Journal of R. S. Ant. Ireland^ 1896).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

As you come through Sligo, you're passing through one of the most prosperous-looking towns in Ireland, built on both sides of the River Garavogue with streets that are well built and well brushed, good shops, and fine public buildings including the Town Hall, the Court House, and a stone National School covered with rose-trees. Two bridges stand near together at right angles owing to a bend in the river, and the abbey and cathedral are worth a visit. The town deserves to be better known, with charming scenery at Loughs Gill and Glencar and many ruins and prehistoric remains in the district for those with antiquarian tastes.

Teampull Murry on Inishmaan

near Illaunane · townland · Galway · 1400–1499

Teampull Murry, or St. Mary's Church, is a 15th-century church on Inishmaan. The site is also associated with the saint Kenerg, whose 'bed' is located there.

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Inishmaan, or Middle Island, is divided by Gregory Sound, about li mile in width. Dun Conor ^ named after the brother of Aengus, is of a curious oval shape, and, though terribly " restored," is a fine fort. The story of Mailly, the murderer, should be learnt from a native. Teavipull Murry i (St. Mary's Church) is of 15th-century date. The saint Kenerg, whose " bed " is here, was the brother of the lady Cavanagh to whom the Kenanagh Church, with an uncommon west door, may be dedicated.
On South Island, the most interesting of several early ruins, is St. Cavan's Church, named alter the brother of Kevin of Glendalough, and the disciple of Enda.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Teampull Murry, St. Mary's Church, a church from the 1400s on Inishmaan. The saint Kenerg is connected with this place. His bed is here. Kenerg was the brother of the lady Cavanagh, and the Kenanagh Church, which has an uncommon west door, may be dedicated to her. The island itself is Inishmaan, the Middle Island, divided by Gregory Sound. Not far off is Dun Conor, named after the brother of Aengus, a fort of curious oval shape, much restored but still a fine structure. The story of Mailly, the murderer, is one a native of the island would tell you best.

Turf-laden boats at Achill Sound

Achill Sound · town · Mayo

At the height of peat-cutting in May, a fleet of as many as eighty turf-laden boats could be seen going up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound. Peat was the one blessing of the islanders but required cutting, spreading, stacking and carrying.

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energy to develop them, and swifter communication with the interior of Ireland. As it is, many of the inhabitants are in a chronic state of poverty, a fact suflBciently evident from a glance at the huts of rough cobbles and turf in which they dwell ; but here, as in other parts of the country, the standard of living has improved. Relief work in the shape of road-making is given in the winter. The lace industry has grown, the Carrickmacross lace-making being the staple work of many a home. There is a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland in seasons when agricultural labour is in demand, especially is this the case in regard to the potato crops in Dumfries, " tatie coppers," as they are called, going over in their hundreds. In Achill there are no fences and few even of the rough stone walls forming boundaries, therefore a large proportion of the time of the natives is taken up in "herding" the stock. Peat-preserving also takes up many hours of labour, as an old dame said, ''It's the wan blessing we have, but what w^ith the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it ! " In the height of the peat-cutting in May it is a sight to see a fleet of as many as eighty turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide at Achill Sound.
The scenery of Achill is most beautiful, in spite of the fact of its almost treeless condition, and the heights of the near islands and the mainland seen as a background to its own rockfringed bays or stupendous cliffs would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 39

As the companion tells it

Achill Sound is a place the road passes through in Mayo. The people here lived in huts of rough cobbles and turf, in a chronic state of poverty, though the standard of living had begun to improve. Relief work in road-making was given in winter. The lace industry had grown, with Carrickmacross lace-making the staple work of many a home. There was a good deal of temporary migration to England and Scotland when agricultural labour was in demand. Workers went over in their hundreds for the potato crops in Dumfries, called "tatie coppers." In Achill there were no fences and few even of the rough stone walls forming boundaries, so a large proportion of the natives' time was taken up in herding the stock. Peat was the one blessing the islanders had. An old dame said, "It's the wan blessing we have, but what with the cutting and spreading and stacking and carrying, there's a deal of work to it!" In the height of the peat-cutting in May, it was a sight to see a fleet of as many as 80 turf-laden boats go up with the flooding tide. The scenery of Achill is most beautiful in spite of its almost treeless condition. The heights of the near islands and the mainland seen as a background to its own rock-fringed bays or stupendous cliffs would lead even the most prosaic person to enthusiasm.

Canon Island Norman monastery in Lough Fergus

Canon Island · townland · Clare

The estuary of the Fergus, called Lough Fergus, is a very archipelago, and on Canon Island stands an ancient Norman monastery. The island is passed on the Clare side of the Shannon before reaching Foynes.

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On the Clare side, nearly opposite Lord Emly's demesne, are the extensive woods of Cratloekeel, covering the mountain's side. Farther on we pass Dromore Castle, the magnificent residence of Lord Limerick, and Beagh Castle, and Horse Rock Lighthouse, the latter a prominent object in the middle of the river. On the Clare side (right), before reaching Foynes. we pass the estuary of the Fergus, called Lough Fergus. This is a very archipelago ; and on Canon Island is an ancient Norman monastery. Behind Beeves Lighthouse (left), in mid-stream, is the mouth of the Deel river, on which is —
AsKEATON (railway station), remarkable for its ancient buildings. Its Nonnan castle of the Desmonds ; Knights Templars' Church ; and Franciscan Abbey (1419), with uncommon cloisters, are all worth visiting.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Canon Island, in the estuary of the Fergus, known as Lough Fergus. The passage calls this estuary a very archipelago, a scatter of islands in the water. On Canon Island stands an ancient Norman monastery. Travellers on the Clare side pass this way before reaching Foynes, with Beeves Lighthouse out in mid-stream behind them and the mouth of the Deel river beyond that. The monastery is all the source tells us of the island itself, an old Norman foundation standing among the waters of the Fergus.

Carrowmore: great group of ancient cromlechs

Carrowmore · townland · Galway

Carrowmore, reached by taking the southern road about three miles from Sligo, contains a great group of ancient cromlechs and stone monuments. It forms part of the Knocknarea excursion round of about 13 miles.

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The excursion to Knocknarea is an enjoyable one, and may include a coast drive, a mountain ascent, and a visit to rare prehistoric remains. The whole round is about 13 miles. By taking the southern road you reach, in 3 miles, the great group of ancient cromlechs and stone monuments at Carrowmore. A few miles north-west is a remarkable fern glen on the south side of the mountain, and from the school near this Knocknarea^ "the Hill of Executions " (1078 feet), can be ascended. On the top of the hill is an immense cairn called Misgoun Meave, said to have been erected in honour of Queen Meave, the "Mab" of Shakespeare, Scott, and Ben Jonson ; who buried three husbands ere she herself departed. The heap of stones over her grave is 200 yards in circumference. Tradition has buried her namesake at Tara (see Dublin Sect. p. 45). The fine view extends from Slieve League (north-west) to Nephin (south-west).
At Lissadel House, Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place, north of Drumcliff Bay are the most wonderful bulb farms in the kingdom, and also Alpine gardens, freely shown to visitors. In the deer-park, north of Lough Gill, is a collection of ancient stones, sometimes called the Irish Stone-henge, but this is rather out of the w^ay, and could not be seen very well during the run round the lake described above.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here are the ancient cromlechs and stone monuments of Carrowmore, part of the Knocknarea excursion round of about 13 miles. A few miles north-west rises Knocknarea, "the Hill of Executions," at 1078 feet, crowned by an immense cairn called Misgoun Meave, said to have been raised in honour of Queen Meave, the "Mab" of Shakespeare, Scott, and Ben Jonson. She buried three husbands before she herself departed, and the heap of stones over her grave measures 200 yards in circumference. From the hill, the fine view extends from Slieve League to Nephin.

Lough Gill: wooded islands and Killarney-like scenery

near Lough Gill · lake or lakes · Kerry

Lough Gill, sometimes called Lough Gilly, is a scenic lake excursion from Sligo with many islands and sloping wooded shores resembling Killarney. Salmon, trout, and pike are plentiful, and the round trip by road covers 23 miles.

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Dromohair. This means a detour from the lake, as there is no road close to the south side for some miles. At Dromohair (Hotel: (I.A.C, C.) Abbey) ^ there are O'Rourke's Castle^ with walls of prodigious thickness, and St, MuncMn's Abbey to be seen. Erom here the road wends back to the lough through a gorge, and on reaching it careful watch should be kept for a path on the right, leading through the woods to the Dooney Hock, whence the most beautiful view of the lough is obtained. The richly wooded isles and headlands, the luxuriant masses of beech and oak, give a character all its own to this charming scene. Not far from this, near a school, there is to be found the most interesting sight of all, Tober N'AU, a Druid altar, older than history, on which undoubtedly at one time human sacrifices were offered. The ferns growing out of the rock recesses, the constant flow of ice-cold water in the well, and the mysterious depths all add to a weird and almost uncanny scene of beauty and fascination. Total distance for the round and back to Sligo, 23 miles. As to fishing, salmon, trout, and pike are plentiful in the lough, and permission may be obtained by anglers from the landlord of the Victoria Hotel.
The fishing on the other Sligo beauty spot, Glencar, is subject to more restriction. Application as above, when terms can be ascertained.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

You are coming up on Lough Gill, a lake of wooded islands and sloping shores that people have compared to Killarney. The road takes you past some miles where there is no route close to the south side, so you pass through Dromohair, where O'Rourke's Castle stands with walls of prodigious thickness, and St. Munchin's Abbey can be seen. From there the road winds back to the lough through a gorge. A path on the right leads through the woods to Dooney Rock, where the most beautiful view of the lough is obtained. The richly wooded isles and headlands, with luxuriant masses of beech and oak, give a character all its own to the scene. Near a school not far from here is Tober N'Ail, a Druid altar older than history, on which human sacrifices were undoubtedly once offered. Ferns grow out of the rock recesses, ice-cold water flows constantly in the well, and the mysterious depths add to a weird and almost uncanny fascination. The round trip back to Sligo covers 23 miles. Salmon, trout, and pike are plentiful in the lough, and anglers can obtain permission from the landlord of the Victoria Hotel.

Louisburgh: dull village with disused chapel

Louisburgh · town · Mayo

Louisburgh is described as a dull village of 400 inhabitants, within a mile of the sea, as free from outward attraction as Athenry. Its only piece of antiquity is a disused chapel, now converted to secular uses.

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Louisburgh (21 miles from Leenane and 14 from Westport ; Hotels: {I.A.C., C.) M'Dermott's (small, modern); (0.) M'Girr's (also small)) is a dull village of 400 inhabitants, within a mile of the sea, and as free as Athenry from all attempt to adorn itself with outward attraction. There is salmon fishing in the rivers near for 10s. a day. Boats can be had to visit Clare Island, to which it is the nearest point. Its only piece of antiquity is the disused chapel, now converted to secular uses.
Between this and Westport cyclists will find pleasant going, and the views of Croagh Patrick on the land side (page 230) and of Clew Bay on the other make the scenery delightful. At Murrisk is the Croagh Patrick Hotel, small, though it has recently blossomed from a mere inn into an hotel. Directly behind it is the recognised ascent of Croagh Patrick. Near the shore, is Murrisk Abbey, which derives its name from the Barony. This religious house was founded by the O'Malley family for Austin Friars. (Entrance from north side.) The east window^ of the 15th century, is rather uncommon and effective. Below is a fragmentary crucifix, and at the stone altar a ** holed stone." Some windows outside the north-east walls may be earlier than the eastern one ; and outside the north door of the chancel is a

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 36

As the companion tells it

You're passing through Louisburgh now, a village of about 400 people within a mile of the sea. The old guide calls it a dull place, "as free as Athenry from all attempt to adorn itself with outward attraction," and its only piece of antiquity is a disused chapel, now put to secular uses. There is salmon fishing in the rivers nearby for 10 shillings a day, and boats can be hired to visit Clare Island, to which this is the nearest point.

Patrickswell with carving broken by a soldier's bullet

Patrickswell · town · Limerick

At Patrickswell, about six and a half miles from Limerick on the road to Adare, there is a well with fragmentary carving said to have been broken by a soldier's bullet.

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This is an enjoyable trip and deserves a day of good sunny weather. It may be accomplished either by rail or road, the two running very close together. In | mile join the cross roads (right) and then forward again. At Patrickswell^ 6 J miles is a Well (right) with fragmentary carving, said to have been broken by a soldier's bullet.
Adare Manor is the seat of the Earl of Dunraven. In the demesne is one of the most remarkable assemblages of ruins in the kingdom. The word Adare, in old documents Athdara^ the Ford of the Oak, sufficiently indicates the character of the trees which once lined the banks of the Maigue.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 13

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Patrickswell, about six and a half miles from Limerick on the road to Adare, there is a well with fragmentary carving. The carving is said to have been broken by a soldier's bullet. Who the soldier was, or when the shot was fired, the record does not say.

Salthill sea-bathing resort near Galway

Salthill · electoral division · Galway

Salthill, about a mile and a half west of Galway, was frequented in summer for sea-bathing, connected to Galway by tram-car with an extensive suite of public baths and a made esplanade of some two miles along the shore.

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Salthill, about a mile and a half west of Galway, is much frequented in summer on account of its sea-bathing. It is connected with Galway by tram-car, and attached to the small hotel is an extensive suite of public baths. There is a made esplanade of some two miles along the shore.
The road through Salthill continues along the coast toward Spiddle and Costelloe (see p. 218).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 25

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Salthill, the sea-bathing resort about a mile and a half west of Galway. It was much frequented in summer for its bathing, with an extensive suite of public baths attached to a small hotel and a made esplanade of some two miles along the shore. It was connected to Galway by tram-car, and the road continues along the coast toward Spiddle and Costelloe.

St. John's Church, Sligo: uncommon east window

Sligo · town · Sligo

St. John's Church in Sligo is described as a fine stone building notable for its uncommon east window. It stands in another part of the town alongside the modern Roman Catholic Cathedral.

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In another part of the town are St. John's Church, a fine stone building with an uncommon east window, and the modern Roman Catholic Cathedral. The splendid carillon of chimes of the Cathedkal will have been heard before reaching it. This is one of the most important modern buildings in Ireland, and Romanesque in character — a style uncommon in recent work. (Notice, in passing, the well-carved statue of St. Patrick on the wall of an outer building.) The tower containing the chimes is massive ; and the winged angel over the east apse is a remarkable symbolic figure — not of Peace. Owing to the lack of carved ornament within, the bare forms of this style are unrelieved, and the whole effect, though dignified, is heavy. The most striking feature is the wide and lofty triforium.
Among other advantages of the neighbourhood, there is good sea-bathing, with accommodation, at Rosses Point, 4 or 5 miles away, and also a capital 18-hole golf course with a club-house.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Sligo, in another part of the town stands St. John's Church, a fine stone building noted for its uncommon east window. It stands alongside the modern Roman Catholic Cathedral, whose splendid carillon of chimes you may well have heard before reaching it. The Cathedral is one of the most important modern buildings in Ireland, Romanesque in character, a style uncommon in recent work. On the wall of an outer building there is a well-carved statue of St. Patrick. The tower containing the chimes is massive, and the winged angel over the east apse is a remarkable symbolic figure, not of Peace. Inside, the lack of carved ornament leaves the bare forms of the style unrelieved, so the whole effect, though dignified, is heavy. The most striking feature is the wide and lofty triforium.

Tait Clock-Tower at Glentworth Street

Glentworth Street · street · Limerick · 1867

A handsome Clock-Tower stands at the junction of Glentworth Street with Upper Baker Street, erected in 1867 in honour of Alderman Tait.

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In the PeopU^s Parh^ south-west of the railway station, is a monument to Spring Rice — a lofty Ionic column surmounted by a statue. At the junction of Glentworth Street with Upper Baker Street there is a handsome Clock-Tower, erected in 1867 in honour of Alderman Tait. A statue of General Sarsfield was erected in 1881 behind the Roman Catholic Cathedral.
King John's Castle, erected by William de Burgh in the reign of King John for the defence of English Town, is situated at Thomond Bridge. It is one of the most important specimens of the old Norman fortresses now existing in the country, being still in good preservation. Five massive towers are connected by high walls of great thickness and solidity. On the side facing the river the marks of shot and shell, made on the walls centuries ago during the dififerent sieges, are plainly visible from Thomond Bridge. The interior of the castle is occupied by barracks, the buildings of which, overlooking the walls, are very little in harmony with the older structure.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

As the companion tells it

The Tait Clock-Tower stands at the junction of Glentworth Street with Upper Baker Street in Limerick. It is a handsome clock-tower, erected in 1867 in honour of Alderman Tait. That is all the record gives for this place.

Cliffs of Moher and O'Brien's Tower

near Cliffs of Moher · cliff or cliffs · Clare

The Cliffs of Moher, about 6 miles from Lehinch, rise 600 feet almost vertically and are capped by O'Brien's Tower. The route passes through Liscannor and St. Bridget's Holy Well. The black cliffs are studded with countless sea-birds, and the Aran Islands and Connemara mountains are visible to sea.

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as a line uphill to a column with a figure on the summit. Thence take left at next fork and pass St. Bridget's Holy Well. It is all uphill. Continue until a curious ruin is seen in a field on the left. Then mss through a gate to it ; cycles and motors may be left here, and a short walk of J mile over easy grass brings us to the head of the cliffs capped by O'Brien's Tower. Few cliffs worth seeing are as easily accessible. Slabs of slate are so arranged as to reassure the most nervous, and by looking over this "railing" we may see a glorious view. The cliffs themselves are 600 feet in height and almost vertical. Only by noting the diminutiveness of a boat below can we gauge the real altitude. Black as ink in places and studded by countless seabirds, their grandeur and solemnity is remarkable. The crags below add to the scene, and away to sea the Isles of Aran are spread out like a map between us and the distant mountains of Connemara.
From Lehinch the railway goes southward to Milltown Malbay. About 2 miles south of this is Spanish Point, where several vessels of the Spanish Armada were wrecked. After this the scenery calls for no remark. At Doonbeg the railway turns inland to Moyasta junction for Kilkee and Kilrush (see p. 196).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about the Cliffs of Moher, the land rises to a tower built on the cliff top. O'Brien's Tower caps the cliffs, and a short walk over easy grass brings you to the head of them. The route comes up from the direction of Lehinch, about 6 miles back, passing through Liscannor and St. Bridget's Holy Well on the way. It is all uphill. A curious ruin stands in a field, and through a gate beyond it, cycles and motors may be left. Few cliffs worth seeing are as easily accessible as these. Slabs of slate are arranged along the edge as a kind of railing, and by looking over it you may see a glorious view. The cliffs themselves are 600 feet in height and almost vertical. Only by noting how small a boat appears below can you gauge the real altitude. Black as ink in places and studded with countless sea-birds, their grandeur and solemnity is remarkable. The crags below add to the scene, and away to sea the Isles of Aran are spread out like a map between us and the distant mountains of Connemara.

Spanish Point: Armada wrecks

near Spanish Point · promontory · Clare · 1588

At Spanish Point, about 2 miles south of Milltown Malbay, several vessels of the Spanish Armada were wrecked. The site gives its name to this stretch of the Clare coast.

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From Lehinch the railway goes southward to Milltown Malbay. About 2 miles south of this is Spanish Point, where several vessels of the Spanish Armada were wrecked. After this the scenery calls for no remark. At Doonbeg the railway turns inland to Moyasta junction for Kilkee and Kilrush (see p. 196).
216

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Spanish Point, several vessels of the Spanish Armada were wrecked in 1588. The point sits about 2 miles south of Milltown Malbay, and the wrecks gave their name to this stretch of the Clare coast.

Leenaun as fishing settlement between Clifden and Westport

Leenaun · townland · Galway

Leenaun is described as a halfway house between Clifden and Westport, offering bathing in the lough and varied fishing including salmon, white trout, and brown trout. Mr. M'Keown of the hotel is noted as a landlord-proprietor whose personality contributes to the enterprise's success.

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Leenane is a half-way house between Clifden and Westport. It is in a particularly favourable position for excursions (see below). There is bathing in the lough close to the hotel. There is salmon and white trout fishing in Culfin River and certain loughs at 5s. a day ; brown trout free fishing in several rivers and loughs, and of course the sea-fishing is free. There is mixed shooting on the bay. It is one of the sights of Leenane to see the fishermen draw in their nets full of struggling silver salmon along the shores in the mornings. Mr. M'Keown of the hotel is one of the well-known landlord-proprietors, not uncommon in Ireland, who by their personality go far to contribute to the success of their enterprises.
The valley of the Erriff river, which at Leenane is deepened and widened into the Greater Killory or "red fiord," is of considerable interest to the geologist, who will doubtless have at hand the descriptions of Harkness and Hull. It is sufficient here to remind the general tourist that in this remarkable inlet, 12 miles in length, " the glacial phenomena are very striking," and the rocks are ** scored with groovings pointing down the valley, while masses of moraine matter with huge boulders are strewn along the shore," and that, like the Estuary of the Shannon and Cork harbour, it was, during the Ice Age, a much shallower valley, and a " channel of fresh water." Old * ' Mountain terraces " may be seen on the sides of the Delphi valley, and along the road to Cong ; and at the head of the harbour the lines of *' river terraces " are easily observed. Sheets of lava and ash visible along the south shoreroad are proofs of volcanic action.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Leenaun, a halfway house between Clifden and Westport. It sits in a favourable position for excursions. There is bathing in the lough close to the hotel, and the fishing is varied. Salmon and white trout can be had in the Culfin River and certain loughs at 5 shillings a day. Brown trout fishing is free in several rivers and loughs, and the sea-fishing is free as well. There is mixed shooting on the bay. One of the sights of Leenaun is to see the fishermen draw in their nets full of struggling silver salmon along the shores in the mornings. Mr. M'Keown of the hotel is one of the well-known landlord-proprietors, not uncommon in Ireland, who by their personality go far to contribute to the success of their enterprises. The valley of the Erriff river, deepened and widened here into the Greater Killory, or what was called the red fiord, is of considerable interest to the geologist. This remarkable inlet runs 12 miles in length. The glacial phenomena are very striking. The rocks are scored with groovings pointing down the valley, while masses of moraine matter with huge boulders are strewn along the shore. Like the estuary of the Shannon and Cork harbour, it was, during the Ice Age, a much shallower valley, and a channel of fresh water. Mountain terraces may be seen on the sides of the Delphi valley and along the road to Cong. At the head of the harbour, the lines of river terraces are easily observed. Sheets of lava and ash visible along the south shore road are proofs of volcanic action.

Ashford Demesne at Cong

Cong · town · Mayo

The demesne of Ashford at Cong extends over two miles along the lough shore, with large herds of red and fallow deer. The castellated mansion-house, built of white and gray limestone, belongs to Lord Ardilaun; only the gardens and grounds are shown to visitors holding tickets.

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The demesne of Ashfoud. (Ticket, obtained in village, must be presented punctually at 11 or 3.) The grounds, which extend for more than two miles along the borders of the lough, are finely laid out, and there are large herds of red and fallow deer. The mansion-house is an extensive pile of buildings in the castellated style, the materials being white and gray limestone. The garden and grounds only are shown.
The grounds surrounding the mansion of Lord Ardilaun are on one side bounded by a wilderness of ^limestone rocks. While to the south of the village the road is overhung by woods and flourishing young plantations, to the north hardly any sign of vegetation is visible, the landscape presenting an assemblage of gray limestone hills and boulders scattered about in the wildest confusion. The geologist who makes a stay at Cong will be able to collect many Upper Silurian fossils at Boocann and other places to the west of it.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 43

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cong, you are near the demesne of Ashford, which extends for more than two miles along the lough shore. The grounds are finely laid out, and large herds of red and fallow deer roam there. The mansion-house is an extensive pile of buildings in the castellated style, built of white and gray limestone, and it belongs to Lord Ardilaun. Only the garden and grounds are shown to visitors, and a ticket obtained in the village must be presented punctually at 11 or 3. The grounds surrounding the mansion are bounded on one side by a wilderness of limestone rocks. To the south of the village, the road is overhung by woods and flourishing young plantations. To the north, hardly any sign of vegetation is visible. The landscape presents an assemblage of gray limestone hills and boulders scattered about in the wildest confusion. A geologist staying at Cong can collect many Upper Silurian fossils at Boocann and other places to the west of it.

Athlone antiquities removed to Dublin Museum

Athlone · town · Westmeath

Several important archaeological finds from Athlone have been taken to the Dublin Museum, including the finest stone battle-axe in the collection and gold lunulae (or minn) also from the town.

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Dublin Museum has swallowed up several ''finds" belonging properly to Athlone, chief among them the finest stone battleaxe in the Museum, and the gold "lunulae " (or "minn "), also from this town.
The chief feature of the town is its magnificent position in regard to the river and lakes, which gives first-rate opportunity to the angler, and makes the air of unusual freshness. It stands just at the point where the river bursts through the range of sandhills (never rising higher than 600 or 700 feet), which runs from the Green Hills near Dublin to the shores of Galway Bay. The Prince of Wales is an old-fashioned hostelry of a comfortable sort, and stands well facing the tower of the Church, close by the gateway leading to the Deanery grounds.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

Athlone has lost some of its oldest objects to the Dublin Museum. The museum holds several finds that belong properly to this town, chief among them the finest stone battle-axe in the whole collection. Gold lunulae, also called minn, came from Athlone too, and they are there as well. The town itself sits in a fine position, where the river breaks through a range of sandhills running from the Green Hills near Dublin to the shores of Galway Bay. The hills never rise higher than 600 or 700 feet. The river and lakes give first-rate opportunity to the angler and make the air unusually fresh. The Prince of Wales is an old-fashioned, comfortable hostelry, standing well facing the tower of the Church, close by the gateway leading to the Deanery grounds.

Ballina town and its cottages

Ballina · townland · Galway

Ballina has a picturesque entrance with a long row of one-storey thatched cottages adorned with colour-wash, though corrugated iron is unfortunately superseding thatch. The town has a fine salmon river, two stone bridges, a modern Roman Catholic Cathedral, and a college conspicuous from the railway.

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Ballina has rather a picturesque entrance, for near the station is a long row of one-story, thatched cottages, adorned with all shades of colour-wash. Corrugated iron is unfortunately superseding thatch. The town itself is uninteresting, but has the advantage of some better shops than are usually found in an Irish town of this size. It has also a fine salmon river, two good stone bridges, a modern Eoman Catholic Cathedral and a college, the latter a conspicuous object from the railway on the way 1 to Killala. The Moy Fishery Company owns the fishing in the tidal water, but angling in the fresh water above the town is good, and tickets can be got at 7s. 6d. and 10s. a day from Mr. J. C. Wilson, Ballina.
There is salmon and trout fishing on Loch Conn (several hotels at Crossmolina), about 6 miles from Ballina. The bay is famous as the rendezvous of the French invaders in 1798. The garrison of Killala, only forty men, was surprised by the French general, Humbert, who landed with a thousand men. Next day a detachment of the French were driven in by an English piquet, who, advancing too far, were ambuscaded, and suffered considerable loss. Towards night the French advancing, entered Ballina, and drove out the loyalists, who retreated to Foxford. The enemy retained possession for three weeks, when they were attacked by General Trench, and ultimately di'iven back to their ships.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 45

As the companion tells it

Near here is Ballina. The entrance is rather picturesque, for close to the station is a long row of one-storey thatched cottages adorned with all shades of colour-wash. Corrugated iron is unfortunately superseding thatch. The town itself is uninteresting, but has the advantage of some better shops than are usually found in an Irish town of this size. It has also a fine salmon river, two good stone bridges, a modern Roman Catholic Cathedral, and a college, the latter a conspicuous object from the railway on the way to Killala. The Moy Fishery Company owns the fishing in the tidal water, but angling in the fresh water above the town is good, and tickets can be got from Mr. J. C. Wilson at 7 shillings and 6 pence or 10 shillings a day. There is salmon and trout fishing on Loch Conn, about 6 miles from the town, with several hotels at Crossmolina. The bay is famous as the rendezvous of the French invaders in 1798. The garrison of Killala, only 40 men, was surprised by the French general Humbert, who landed with 1,000 men. Next day a detachment of the French were driven in by an English piquet, who, advancing too far, were ambuscaded, and suffered considerable loss. Towards night the French advancing, entered the town, and drove out the loyalists, who retreated to Foxford. The enemy retained possession for 3 weeks, when they were attacked by General Trench, and ultimately driven back to their ships.

Delphi Lodge built by Marquis of Sligo at Finlough

Delphi · site · Mayo

Delphi Lodge was built by the late Marquis of Sligo on the site of an old house, beautifully situated on the small Finlough and standing on a rocky ledge amid Scotch firs. A waterfall on the north side of the house is often visited by tourists with permission.

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Delphi Lodge, built by the late Marquis of Sligo on the site of the old house,- is beautifully situated on the small Finlough. It stands on a rocky ledge in the midst of a fine group of Scotch firs. The little waterfall on the north side of the house is often visited by tourists, who will find no difiiculty in obtaining the necessary permission. Finlough, with Dhulough (the black lake), about | mile distant, and' the river which flows into the Killery at Bundorragh, form perhaps the most perfect ideal of a salmon and trout fishery in the kingdom. The lessee of the Lodge, with all sporting rights,

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

Built by the late Marquis of Sligo on the site of an old house, Delphi Lodge stands on a rocky ledge in the midst of a fine group of Scotch firs, beautifully situated on the small Finlough. A little waterfall on the north side of the house is often visited by tourists, who will find no difficulty in obtaining the necessary permission. Finlough, with Dhulough, the black lake, about a mile distant, and the river which flows into the Killery at Bundorragh, form perhaps the most perfect ideal of a salmon and trout fishery in the kingdom.

Early church and tower near Gort

Gort · townland · Galway · 600–699

A 7th-century church and tower near Gort founded by the saint MacDuach. This mainland settlement connects to the chapel of the same name on Inishmore in the Aran Islands.

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About a mile along the western (main) road out of Kilronan is the well-preserved Church of Kieran, who spent several years with Enda. A little beyond (south-west) is Dun Oghil, which is considered to have been "once a finer example than Dun Aengus " of the early fort. It is at the eastern extremity of the central prehistoric village, Baile ^iia Sean, a collection of ancient "beehive" cells, huts and forts. About 2 miles farther along the road is Kilmurvey. Near this (south-west) is MacDuach's Chapel y named after the saint who founded the church and tower near Gort in the 7th century. On the sea cliff, J mile from the chapel, is the celebrated
Dun Aengus, nearly 300 feet above the sea, "the central point of interest . . . and one of the finest prehistoric forts of Western Europe." These duns or forts, writes Miss Stokes, are associated wdth the adventures of Aengus, Conor, and "heroes of the Firbolg race. They may have been in existence two centuries or more before the introduction of Christianity." They were built without mortar ; and the same writer concludes that the upright jointings in the walls point to "the work having been portioned out in lots to the labourers." The dun here may once have had four ramparts, of which three are now standing ; and in the outer labyrinth of stones — which rival even those on the summits of Scafell or Glyder-Fach- — we have a cheval defrise capable of breaking up most besieging lines. In the doorway still remaining, with horizontal lintel and inclined sides, we see the original type afterwards copied by the monks ; and inside one wall is the interior passage so often found in these early forts {e.g. Dunbeg, Fahan).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Gort, a church and tower were founded in the 7th century by the saint MacDuach. Little more than that survives in the record I have. The same saint gives his name to a chapel on Inishmore in the Aran Islands, near a place called Kilmurvey. That chapel is named after MacDuach, the saint who founded the church and tower near Gort. The connection between the mainland settlement and the island chapel is carried in his name. The book I draw from is a guide to Galway and the west of Ireland, and it passes through Inishmore, where it describes forts and ancient cells and the Church of Kieran, who spent several years with Enda. But of the church and tower near Gort themselves, the guide says only that MacDuach founded them in the 7th century. No dimensions, no description of the stones, no further date. What stands here is linked by a saint's name to a chapel on an island in the bay, and that is what the record gives.

Eyre Square and its 1627 carved doorway

Eyre Square · street · Galway · 1627

Eyre Square, in the centre of Galway, is a spacious enclosure laid out in walks and planted with trees. A carved doorway dated 1627, once belonging to a merchant's house, has been placed there as one of the entrances.

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The walls of the town were removed, but some portions still remain, the Lyon Tower in Eglinton Street, and the gateway at the Quay being specially worthy of notice. In the centre of the town is the spacious Eyre Square, with an enclosure laid out in walks, and planted with trees. A carved doorway, dated 1627, which once belonged to the house of a
208 GALWAY

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

Eyre Square is a spacious enclosure in the centre of Galway, laid out in walks and planted with trees. A carved doorway, dated 1627, once belonged to the house of a merchant. It has been placed there as one of the entrances to the square.

Keem Bay salmon fishery and Achill amethysts

Keem Bay · bay · Mayo

Keem Bay, a semicircular bay south of Slievemore on Achill Island, had a salmon fishery. Achill amethysts were picked up on the shore there, though they were becoming rarer by 1912.

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To the south of Slievemore is the semicircular Keem Bay, where there is a salmon fishery. Here are picked up the Achill amethysts, much sought after and becoming rarer. Not far off was the home of the well-known Captain Boycott, now in ruins.
To see the island properly it is necessary to run right round the south end by some means or another, following the grandly named ''Atlantic Drive," a very rough road, degenerating at times on the western side into a mere grass-grown mountain track, with one zigzag and precipitous descent. There is no doubt whatever that this road will soon be greatly improved and form one of the features of the island. The views from the south end looking down Achill Sound are bewilderingly beautiful. The giant Corraun peninsula near at hand, the hills of Murrisk behind, and the heights of Clare island to the west, blending in a grand panorama. The rock-fringed shore on the west recalls parts of Cornwall. From the tiny hamlet of Dooagh the famous Meenaun Cliffs may be visited. Dooagh is a miserable little place, with many houses tumbling in ruin, and the rest with their unmortared stone and thatch roofs weighted by stones of a poor kind. If the tide is low the cliffs may be seen by taking a longish walk on the sands, but if high the only way is to follow one of the numerous paths between the peasants' neatly cultivated holdings and breast the hill to the turf -cutting colony above — very rough walking — after this there is a stretch of slippery heather -grown upland, but neither so steep nor rough as what has preceded it ; the total distance from the village is about 1^ miles. The Cliffs are 1000 feet in height, and as they are totally unguarded, care must be taken in the approach. They are not vertical, but razor-edged and streaked with yellow and grey strata. The action of the waves has hollowed out some into the semblance of great arches known as the Cathedral Cliffs.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

South of Slievemore on Achill Island lies Keem Bay, a semicircular bay where the road passes near the shore. There is a salmon fishery there. And on the shore are picked up the Achill amethysts, much sought after and becoming rarer. Not far off was the home of the well-known Captain Boycott, now in ruins. The bay sits on an island worth running right round. The road that does this is called the Atlantic Drive, a very rough road that degenerates at times on the western side into a mere grass-grown mountain track, with one zigzag and precipitous descent. The guide says there is no doubt whatever that this road will soon be greatly improved and form one of the features of the island. The views from the south end looking down Achill Sound are called bewilderingly beautiful. The giant Corraun peninsula near at hand, the hills of Murrisk behind, and the heights of Clare Island to the west, blending in a grand panorama. The rock-fringed shore on the west recalls parts of Cornwall. What stays with you is the amethysts. People came to this bay and picked them up off the shore. By the time this was written they were already becoming rarer, much sought after. The salmon fishery was still working. Captain Boycott's home, not far off, had fallen to ruins.

Kildysart serves a trainless district

Killadysert · town · Clare

The steamer puts in at Kildysart on certain days, serving the wide district between Ennis and Kilrush that lacks railway connections. This highlights the reliance on river transport for remote communities.

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Then, leaving the disused pier of Foynes on our left, we put in on certain days in the week at Kildysart, which serves the wide trainless district between Ennis and Kilrush. On other days the steamer continues until Redgap, on Labasheeda Bay, is reached. A little beyond, and on the opposite side of the Shannon, is the bright, well-built village of Glin.
Glin Castle has been for centuries the seat of the Knight of Glin, called the " Red Knight," to distinguish this branch of the Fitzgerald family from those of the White Knight, and the Black Knight (of Kerry).

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

Killadysert is a town in Clare that the steamer puts into on certain days of the week. It serves the wide district between Ennis and Kilrush that has no railway. On other days the steamer goes on to Redgap, on Labasheeda Bay. A little beyond, across the Shannon, is the village of Glin, where the Knight of Glin has held his seat for centuries at Glin Castle. He is called the Red Knight, to tell his branch of the Fitzgerald family from the White Knight and the Black Knight of Kerry.

Limerick as Danish and Thomond capital

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1106–1174

Limerick became the capital of the Danes before being taken by Brian Boru. From 1106 until the English conquest in 1174, it served as the capital of the kings of Thomond (North Munster).

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Limerick is finely situated on both banks of the Shannon, at the head of the inlet known as the Lower Shannon, and is a good centre for the Lower Shannon scenery. It became the capital of the Danes, who were expelled from it by Brian Boroirahe. From 1106 until 1174, when it was conquered by the English, it w^as the capital of the kings of Thomond or North Munster.
^ \.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 10

As the companion tells it

This is Limerick, set on both banks of the Shannon at the head of the Lower Shannon. It was the capital of the Danes until Brian Boru expelled them. From 1106 until the English conquest in 1174, it served as the capital of the kings of Thomond, or North Munster.

Lissadell House: bulb farms and Alpine gardens

Lissadell · street · Cork

At Lissadell House, Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place north of Drumcliff Bay, are the most wonderful bulb farms in the kingdom and also Alpine gardens, freely shown to visitors. The estate lies near the coast north of Sligo.

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At Lissadel House, Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place, north of Drumcliff Bay are the most wonderful bulb farms in the kingdom, and also Alpine gardens, freely shown to visitors. In the deer-park, north of Lough Gill, is a collection of ancient stones, sometimes called the Irish Stone-henge, but this is rather out of the w^ay, and could not be seen very well during the run round the lake described above.
The Road to Bundoran (the only driving connection is the mail-car which starts at 6 A.M. and has a seat for one passenger) runs northwards round the western foot of Benbulbin, and passes, in 11 miles, through Grange, the best boat-landing for Inismurray.

Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

A country house and gardens, Lissadell House. This is Sir Josslyn Gore-Booth's place, north of Drumcliff Bay. The grounds hold what the guide calls "the most wonderful bulb farms in the kingdom," and Alpine gardens as well. Both are freely shown to visitors.

Guide to Galway, Connemara and the West of Ireland

The stories, best first

Lissoy: hawthorn bush cut down and sold to tourists

Lough Key islands: Trinity and Castle Island ruins

MacDuach's Chapel near Kilmurvey

Misericorde seats of carved oak in St Mary's Cathedral

Roscommon Castle ruins and destruction

Roundstone: health resort with botanical treasures

Sligo's founding and Civil War capture

Carton demesne of the Duke of Leinster

Clifden: oversized workhouse and cathedral

Collooney and the proposed Belmullet railway link

Cong Franciscan Abbey and its surviving chapel

Coronation hill of Inerughy and Tyrawley

Glencar: glen of the pillar-stone near Sligo

Glin Castle, seat of the Knight of Glin

Killery Harbour name and red dye tradition

King of Greece visits Delphi during Royal tour

Limerick lace-making industry revived

Salmon at the weir from New Bridge

St John's RC Cathedral spire and Benzoni statue in Limerick

Granuaile Castle on Clare Island

Mrs. Siberry's tea-house at Glencar

Achill Island poverty and living conditions

Ashford House demesne and abbey restoration

High Island: degraded monastic cells

Sligo Roman Catholic Cathedral: modern Romanesque building

Thomond Bridge on ancient crossing site

Ginckell's House, North Gate Street, Athlone

Captain Boycott's ruined home near Keem Bay

Cave of Kilkee and its mineral formations

Lisdoonvarna spa and mineral springs

Sarsfield statue behind Roman Catholic Cathedral

Clonmacnoise: ecclesiastical ruins on the Shannon

Glacial geology of Killary Harbour and the Erriff valley

'Irish Stonehenge': ancient stones in deer-park north of Lough Gill

Newtown-Pery founded by Sexton Pery

Seasonal migration from Achill to Britain

Sligo town: prosperity and public buildings

Teampull Murry on Inishmaan

Turf-laden boats at Achill Sound

Canon Island Norman monastery in Lough Fergus

Carrowmore: great group of ancient cromlechs

Lough Gill: wooded islands and Killarney-like scenery

Louisburgh: dull village with disused chapel

Patrickswell with carving broken by a soldier's bullet

Salthill sea-bathing resort near Galway

St. John's Church, Sligo: uncommon east window

Tait Clock-Tower at Glentworth Street

Cliffs of Moher and O'Brien's Tower

Spanish Point: Armada wrecks

Leenaun as fishing settlement between Clifden and Westport

Ashford Demesne at Cong

Athlone antiquities removed to Dublin Museum

Ballina town and its cottages

Delphi Lodge built by Marquis of Sligo at Finlough

Early church and tower near Gort

Eyre Square and its 1627 carved doorway

Keem Bay salmon fishery and Achill amethysts

Kildysart serves a trainless district

Limerick as Danish and Thomond capital

Lissadell House: bulb farms and Alpine gardens