Guide to Galway, Connemara and the West of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Lough Conn and Lough Cullin reverse flow

   near Lough Conn · lake or lakes · Mayo

   Loughs Cullin and Conn are joined by a narrow strait crossed by a pontoon bridge. A singular phenomenon occurs: the lower lake (Lough Cullin) occasionally flows back into the upper lake (Lough Conn), despite the lake sitting about 40 feet above sea level with no tidal communication.

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   The first station after ManuUa is Foxford {Hotel : Coghlan's), on Lough Cullin, where, as on the Moy, there is excellent fishing. Loughs Cullin and Conn are joined by a narrow strait, crossed by a pontoon bridge. Leaving Foxford, a fine view is obtained of Lough Conn, a large sheet of water, being nearly 9 miles in length by about 1 to 3 in width. On the west side of it rises the great Nephin Mountain, with a finely-shaped conical summit, 2646 feet above the sea-level. It is a singular fact that there is occasionally a reverse flow of the Lower Lake, usually called Lough Cullin, into the upper, or Lough Conn proper. The lake is situated about 40 feet above the sea, and can have no tide communication with it. The banks are in many parts of fine sand, which indicates the high- water line. The shores of the Lower Lake, on the west side, abound in little bays and creeks, and show some bold outlines.

   Ballina (pron. Bal-e-ndr ; Hotels: (C) Imperial; Central; (I.A.C.) Moy ; all commercial. For cars see pink pages).

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 45

   As the companion tells it

   Near Foxford, Lough Conn stretches out, a large sheet of water, nearly 9 miles long and between 1 and 3 miles wide. On its west side rises Nephin Mountain, a finely shaped cone standing 2646 feet above the sea. Lough Conn and the smaller Lough Cullin are joined by a narrow strait, crossed by a pontoon bridge. Foxford itself sits on Lough Cullin, where there is excellent fishing, as on the Moy. What makes these waters strange is this: the lower lake, Lough Cullin, occasionally flows back into the upper one, Lough Conn. The lake sits about 40 feet above the sea and has no tidal communication with it, so there is no obvious reason for the reversal. The banks are in many parts of fine sand, which marks the highwater line. The shores of the lower lake, on the west side, run with little bays and creeks and show some bold outlines.

2. Maynooth College established for Catholic priesthood

   Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1795–1869

   The Royal College of St. Patrick at Maynooth was instituted by the Irish Parliament in 1795 to educate candidates for the Catholic priesthood due to difficulties during continental wars. It was extended and improved in 1846 from designs of Pugin and could accommodate over 500 students.

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   The college is a fine structure with two quadrangles, extended and improved in 1846 from the designs of Pugin. It has accommodation for over 500 students. The cloister is a fine specimen of Early English. The hall is a spacious and beautiful apartment, and there is a large library. The college was instituted by the Irish Parliament in 1795 to provide education for candidates for the priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church, on account of the difficulty, during the continental wars, of Irish students frequenting the foreign universities. More than half the Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland now receive their education at it. Formerly it obtained an annual parliamentary grant of £26,000 ; but at the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869 this was conmiuted by the payment of a capital sum fourteen times its amount. It is supported also by private donations and bequests, in addition to the entrance fees of the students.

   The Castle of Maynooth, adjoining the college, was founded in 1176 by Maurice Fitzgerald, and repaired and strengthened in 1426 by John Fitzgerald, sixth Earl of Kildare. It was taken from Thomas Fitzgerald by Sir William Brereton, in the reign of Henry YIIL, but was afterwards restored to the family. The keep and several of the towers still remain, as well as the surrounding fosse, and betoken it to have been a place of great strength.

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Maynooth, the Roman Catholic College stands in this town. The Irish Parliament founded it in 1795 to train candidates for the priesthood, because the continental wars had made it difficult for Irish students to attend foreign universities. Augustus Pugin extended and improved the building in 1846, giving it two quadrangles, a fine Early English cloister, a spacious hall, and a large library. It had room for over 500 students, and by the time of writing more than half of Ireland's Roman Catholic clergy were educated there. The college formerly received an annual parliamentary grant of £26,000, but at the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869 this was commuted by a capital payment fourteen times that amount. It was also supported by private donations and bequests and by student entrance fees. Adjoining the college stood the Castle of Maynooth, founded in 1176 by Maurice Fitzgerald and strengthened in 1426 by John Fitzgerald, sixth Earl of Kildare. Sir William Brereton took it from Thomas Fitzgerald in the reign of Henry VIII, though it was later restored to the family. The keep and several towers still remain, with the surrounding fosse.

3. Monastery of Inishbofin on Lough Ree

   near Inishbofin · parish · Galway

   A monastery on Inishbofin (White Cow Island) in Lough Ree is considered the most interesting on the lake, with its foundation attributed to St. Rioch, described as the nephew of St. Patrick and a Briton or Welshman by birth.

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   the main building. " The monastery of Inisbofm (or White Cow Island) is, in some respects, the most interesting of any upon Lough Ree, because its foundation is attributed to St. Rioch, the nephew of St. Patrick, ... a Briton or Welshman by birth." On Hare Island no hares are now living to explain the name ; they have relinquished it in favour of the tenant, Lord Castlemaine, who has laid out the ground well. On the western shore is the interesting ruin of Rand own Castle, ''a famous spot in Irish liistory for the last 2000 years." In ancient times it was called John's (Eoin) House after a local Celtic saint; when the Normans, who hated the Celts, came and "established a castle of the Knights Hospitallers, they changed the dedication to that of St. John the Baptist." The caatle still stands, with a round tower, a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity,! and a fortified wall, "unique in Ireland."

   Atlilone is the most convenient station for visiting Lissoy, the supposed scene of Goldsmith's '' Deserted Village " ; and the celebrated ecclesiastical ruins of Clonmacnois on the Shannon.

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 6

   As the companion tells it

   On Inishbofin in Lough Ree stands a monastery that some call the most interesting of any on the lake. Its foundation is attributed to St. Rioch, the nephew of St. Patrick, described as a Briton or Welshman by birth. The island's other name is White Cow Island. Nearby on Hare Island, no hares live there now to explain the name. They have given it up in favour of the tenant, Lord Castlemaine, who has laid out the ground well. On the western shore stands the ruin of Randown Castle, called a famous spot in Irish history for the last 2000 years. In ancient times it was known as John's House, after a local Celtic saint. When the Normans came and established a castle of the Knights Hospitallers, they changed the dedication to St. John the Baptist. The castle still stands, with a round tower, a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and a fortified wall said to be unique in Ireland.

4. Roscommon Dominican Priory and O'Connor tomb

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1250

   A Dominican Priory was founded in Roscommon in the mid-13th century by Feidlim O'Connor, King of Connaught, who was buried within its walls. His tomb, a mutilated effigy in fine Irish marble on an altar-tomb with armed mailed figures, is still pointed out.

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   About the middle of the 13th century a Dominican Priory was also founded by Feidlim O'Connor, King of Connaught, who was interred within its walls, and whose tomb, with mutilated eflSgy, is still pointed out. It is a very mixed work of art, in fine Irish marble. The monument represents a mailed recumbent figure placed upon an altar-tomb, the sides ornamented with several compartments, in each of which stands a figure mailed and armed. The monument has, hov/ever, undergone severe mutilation.

   The Castle, visible from the railway station, about a quarter of a mile to the north of the town, was built in 1269, when the office of Justiciary of Ireland was held by Robert D'Ufford. There is, however, no doubt that a fortress of a much earlier date

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 44

   As the companion tells it

   Roscommon holds the remains of a Dominican Priory founded around the middle of the 13th century by Feidlim O'Connor, King of Connaught. He was buried within its walls. His tomb is still pointed out. It is a very mixed work of art, carved in fine Irish marble. The monument shows a mailed recumbent figure placed upon an altar-tomb. The sides are ornamented with several compartments, and in each one stands a figure mailed and armed. The monument has undergone severe mutilation. The effigy itself is mutilated. What you can still see is the work of a king who ruled Connaught and chose this priory as his resting place.

5. Scattery Island granted as fishing village to Limerick

   Scattery Island · townland · Clare

   Scattery Island was granted as a fishing village to Limerick in later days and passed to the mayor of that city, who asserted his rights by shooting an arrow into the river west of the island.

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   The older name of Scattery is Inis (the island) Cathaig (of the Cathach). The latter was a monster, mastered and chained by St. Senan, who founded in the 6th century cells and oratories in County Cork, the islands of the Fergus, on Mutton Island, and upon this island. He died in 544, and is revered as patron in several French churches. The monastery became famous and attracted Kieran, founder of Clonmacnoise, who became an official. Even St. Aidan, "founder of Lindisfarne, and consequently predecessor of the Bishops of Durham," may inrha-ps have been the Aidan who lived here. We read of the house being destroyed twice in the 9th century by Norsemen, devastated by Brian Boru, plundered by the Danes, and captured and long held by the English. Granted as a fishing village to Limerick in later days, it passed to the mayor of that city, who "asserted his rights by shooting an arrow into the river west of the island " {Killarney Sect. p. 115).

   The legend of St. Cannara, which Moore has put into verse, tells how that holy nun sailed to Senan's island to make her request—

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 16

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Scattery Island lies a place whose older name was Inis Cathaig, the island of the Cathach. That Cathach was a monster, mastered and chained by St. Senan. Senan founded cells and oratories in County Cork, on the islands of the Fergus, on Mutton Island, and on this island, in the 6th century. He died in 544, and is revered as patron in several French churches. The monastery became famous and attracted Kieran, founder of Clonmacnoise, who became an official there. Even St. Aidan, founder of Lindisfarne and predecessor of the Bishops of Durham, may have been the Aidan who lived here. The house was destroyed twice in the 9th century by Norsemen, devastated by Brian Boru, plundered by the Danes, and captured and long held by the English. Granted as a fishing village to Limerick in later days, it passed to the mayor of that city, who asserted his rights by shooting an arrow into the river west of the island. The legend of St. Cannara, which Moore put into verse, tells how that holy nun sailed to Senan's island to make her request.

6. Tuam Synod Hall and Diocesan Library

   Tuam · town · Galway · 1878

   The old church joined to the East end of the Cathedral is now used as a Synod Hall and houses a Diocesan Library presented by the Rev. Jos. Henry, formerly British chaplain in Lima. It also contains beautifully carved choir stalls found in Italy, purchased by Mr. E. J. Cooper of Markree Castle for £3000.

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   nothing remains but the chancel of St. Mary's and a small part of the old parish church, which now stands in the middle of tlie ancient burial ground close to the present Cathedral. The chancel arch is of Hiberno-Komanesque architecture, and consists of six circumscribed semicircles, elaborately ornamented in low relief. Dr. Petrie, in writing of the church, says, "Of the ancient church of Tuam the chancel only remains ; but fortunately it is sufficient to make us acquainted with its general style of architecture, and to show tliat it was not only a larger, but more splendid structure than Cormac's church at Cashel, and not unworthy of the powerful monarch to whom it chiefly owed its erection. The arch mouldings consist of diamond, fret, and varieties of the chevron, all carved with exquisite perfection. The original East window of the chancel remains. It is a triplet carved with most elaborate interlaced work, like that of the ancient Irish crosses. This window is one of the most perfect examples I know of interlaced ornament in stone." Joined to the East end of the Cathedral is a much older church, which was used as a Cathedral till the present one was opened in 1878, after being fifteen years in erection, at an outlay of over £20,000. The old church is now used as a Synod Hall, a portion of it being set apart as a Diocesan Library. This valuable library was presented to the diocese by the Rev. Jos. Henry, D.D., formerly British chaplain in Lima, Peru. In the Synod Hall are some beautifully carved and inlaid choir stalls, which were found in Italy and were purchased by the late Mr. E. J. Cooper of Markree Castle, for £3000, and alter his decease presented to the diocese.

   Outside the Roman Catholic Cathedral^ at the far end of the town, are several statues, including one to Father MacHale, by Farrell. Within is a haldacJiino of marble.

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 22

   As the companion tells it

   In Tuam, the old church joined to the East end of the Cathedral served as the Cathedral itself until the present one opened in 1878. That new Cathedral had taken fifteen years to build, at a cost of over £20,000. The old church now serves as a Synod Hall, with a portion of it set apart as a Diocesan Library. That library was presented to the diocese by the Reverend Jos. Henry, D.D., who had formerly been British chaplain in Lima, Peru. Inside the Synod Hall are beautifully carved and inlaid choir stalls. These were found in Italy and purchased by the late Mr. E. J. Cooper of Markree Castle for £3,000. After his death they were presented to the diocese. The chancel of St. Mary's also survives, standing in the middle of the ancient burial ground close to the present Cathedral. Its chancel arch is Hiberno-Romanesque, consisting of six circumscribed semicircles, elaborately ornamented in low relief. Dr. Petrie wrote of this church, "Of the ancient church of Tuam the chancel only remains; but fortunately it is sufficient to make us acquainted with its general style of architecture, and to show that it was not only a larger, but more splendid structure than Cormac's church at Cashel." The arch mouldings consist of diamond, fret, and varieties of the chevron, all carved, as Petrie says, "with exquisite perfection." The original East window of the chancel remains, a triplet carved with elaborate interlaced work like that of the ancient Irish crosses. Petrie called it one of the most perfect examples he knew of interlaced ornament in stone.

7. Abbey of Boyle: Cistercian foundation

   Boyle Abbey · monument · Roscommon · 1150–1200

   The Abbey of Boyle is a Cistercian foundation built between 1150 and 1200, exhibiting various periods of early architecture including Norman and Early Pointed arches, a central tower, and elaborately carved details. The church, kitchen, and outbuildings are in good condition.

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   The Abbey of Boyle, on the river (north), is of a Cistercian foundation, built between 1150 and 1200. It is of considerable interest owing to the various periods of early architecture it exhibits, the good condition of the church, the kitchen and other outbuildings, and the unusual elaboration of some of the carvings. Of the Church the oldest part is the south side of the Nave, pierced by Norman arches ; opposite are Early Pointed arches of the same character as the chancel arch ; it has a large central tower. About 2 miles away (north-east) is Lough Key.

   Lough Key is a small lake, but excels many of greater extent in this district in the woods which adorn its banks. There are several islands, the most notable being Trinity Island, with the ruins of a religious house ; and Castle Island, with a castle of the M'Diarmids, the walls of which are still standing. Skirting the lake, and almost surrounding it, is Rockingham, the beautiful demesne of Stafford King-Harman. There is good

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 49

   As the companion tells it

   A Cistercian foundation, the Abbey of Boyle, stands on the river in Roscommon. Built between 1150 and 1200, it is of considerable interest for the various periods of early architecture it exhibits. The church, the kitchen, and other outbuildings remain in good condition, and some of the carvings are unusually elaborate. The oldest part of the church is the south side of the nave, pierced by Norman arches. Opposite are Early Pointed arches of the same character as the chancel arch. It has a large central tower. To the north-east lies Lough Key, a small lake that excels many of greater extent in this district in the woods which adorn its banks. Several islands rise from it. Trinity Island holds the ruins of a religious house. Castle Island holds a castle of the M'Diarmids, its walls still standing. Skirting the lake, and almost surrounding it, is Rockingham, the beautiful demesne of Stafford King-Harman.

8. Black Abbey of Augustinians at Adare founded 1315

   Adare · townland · Limerick · 1315–1852

   The Black Abbey of the Augustinians at Adare, founded in 1315, is partly used as the Protestant Church. Restored in 1852, its interior is choked by heavy tower supports and Dunraven pews. The later cloisters have a lavatory sink and the refectory is now the school.

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   Close to the Bridge, and nearer Limerick, is the Black Abbey of the Augustinians, founded in 1315 ; part of which is used as the Protestant Church. The slender proportions of the tower, as of that of the Franciscan Abbey, will strike the visitor, as well as the '* Muekross" tracery of the east window of the Church. This was restored in 1852, but the interior is still choked up, not only by the heavy tower supports, but by the Dunraven pews. The later cloisters have a lavatory sink ; the Refectory is now the school.

   13

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 14

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here is the Black Abbey of the Augustinians, founded in 1315. Part of it is used as the Protestant Church. The tower is slender, like that of the Franciscan Abbey, and the east window has "Muekross" tracery. It was restored in 1852, but the interior is still choked up by heavy tower supports and by the Dunraven pews. The later cloisters have a lavatory sink. The refectory is now the school.

9. Franciscan Abbey of Adare founded 1464

   Adare · townland · Limerick · 1464

   The Franciscan (Poor) Abbey at Adare, said to be the most celebrated of all the Munster monasteries, had its foundation stone laid in 1464. Its cloisters on the north side are much darkened by a giant central yew-tree, reminiscent of Muckross at Killarney.

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   The left road from the above fork leads to the Poor or Franciscan Abbey, said to be the most celebrated of all the Munster monasteries. The fouiuiation stone was laid in 1464, but most of the arches and much of the work are rude and plain. The etfective tracery of the south and east windows is similar to that at the Augustinian Abbey, and at Muekross, Killarney. One is reminded of the latter ruin also by the cloisters on the N. side, much darkened by a giant central yew-tree.

   Across the grass, and near the village bridge, are seen the remains of the Castle, also within the park. A castle is known to have stood here before 1226, and may have been founded some years previously by the Anglo-Normans. '*0n the attainder of 'silken' Thomas, in 1536, the castle was forfeited to the Crown," and, passing to the Desmonds, was called Desmmid Castle. It was dismantled by Cromwell. The Gate Tower contains the groove for the portcullis. Of the keep, built on the ancient Eath, the ruins are not imposing ; they are south-east of the inner ward. Near the castle is the old Parish Church of St. Nicholas. The chancel contains probably the original Norman walls, is "about the oldest building now remaining in Adare," and dates from something between 1280 and 1320. In 1806 it ceased to be used for the Protestant service, which was transferred to the Augustinian building.

   Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 14

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here is the Franciscan Abbey of Adare, said to be the most celebrated of all the Munster monasteries. Its foundation stone was laid in 1464. Most of the arches and much of the work are rude and plain, but the tracery of the south and east windows is effective and resembles that at the Augustinian Abbey and at Muckross in Killarney. You are reminded of Muckross, too, by the cloisters on the north side, much darkened by a giant central yew-tree. Across the grass, near the village bridge, stand the remains of the Castle, also within the park. A castle is known to have stood here before 1226 and may have been founded some years earlier by the Anglo-Normans. On the attainder of "silken" Thomas in 1536, the castle was forfeited to the Crown. Passing to the Desmonds, it was called Desmond Castle. It was dismantled by Cromwell. The Gate Tower contains the groove for the portcullis. The keep was built on the ancient Rath, but its ruins, south-east of the inner ward, are not imposing. Near the castle is the old Parish Church of St. Nicholas. The chancel contains probably the original Norman walls and is about the oldest building now remaining in Adare, dating from sometime between 1280 and 1320. In 1806 it ceased to be used for the Protestant service, which was transferred to the Augustinian building.

10. Galway's dilapidation and roofless houses

    Galway · city · Galway

    Galway presents a combination of dilapidation and decay alongside signs of improvement. Immense modern warehouses stood unoccupied for years, and nearly every street contained untenanted and roofless houses suggesting the impression of a city sacked and ruined.

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    Galway presents a curious combination of dilapidation and decay, with signs of improvement and moderate prosperity. Some immense warehouses, comparatively modern, have been for several years unoccupied, and are slowly going to ruin, and in nearly every street untenanted and roofless houses suggest the "impression of a city sacked and ruined."

    On many houses in the older and meaner parts of the town may be seen sculptured facades and coats-of-arms, in curious contrast with the surrounding squalor. The most entire of these antique dwellings is that known as " Lynch's Castle," in the principal street ; it is really a very quaint and interesting building with fantastic carving, well-preserved, and rows of gargoyles.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Galway, you will see a strange mix of decay and renewal. Immense modern warehouses have stood unoccupied for years and are slowly going to ruin, and nearly every street has untenanted, roofless houses that suggest what the source calls the impression of a city sacked and ruined. Yet on many houses in the older and meaner parts of the town you can still see sculptured facades and coats of arms, a curious contrast with the squalor around them. The most complete of these old dwellings is Lynch's Castle, in the principal street, a quaint building with fantastic carving, well preserved, and rows of gargoyles.

11. Lough Ree, the Lough of the Kings

    near Lough Ree · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Lough Ree, formerly called Lough Ribh, is seventeen miles long and was the frontier between Hy-Many (the principality of the O'Kellys) on the west and Kilkenny West in the kingdom of Meath on the east. Its numerous promontories, bays, and islands give variety to the scenery.

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    This " Lough of the Kings " formed the frontier line between Hy-Many, the principality of the O'Kelly's, on the west, and " Kilkenny West," in the kingdom of Meath, on the east.

    Among several interesting islands we may mention Inis Clothrann (or Quaker Island), named after the sister of Queen Mab (or Meave). On the highest point of it once stood that queen's palace, and it was on the sunny strand below that she was bathing when the cowardly Ulster chief struck her dead with a stone from his sling. Professor Stokes states that St. Dermot is said to have lived here about the year 500 ; and the remains of seven churches can be traced. One of these called Templemurry, is of large size ; it is said no woman could enter it and survive twelve months. The smallest Church is Templedermot, and the mcfet remarkable, standing some distance from the others, has a square tower (the only instance in Ireland of an ancient Celtic Church thus shaped), joined or bonded on to

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Ree was once called the Lough of the Kings. It ran as a frontier between two powers: Hy-Many, the principality of the O'Kellys, on the west, and Kilkenny West, in the kingdom of Meath, on the east. Among its islands is Inis Clothrann, also called Quaker Island, named after the sister of Queen Mab, or Meave. On its highest point once stood that queen's palace. It was on the sunny strand below that she was bathing when an Ulster chief struck her dead with a stone from his sling. Professor Stokes states that St. Dermot is said to have lived here about the year 500. The remains of seven churches can be traced. One of these, called Templemurry, is of large size. It is said no woman could enter it and survive twelve months. The smallest church is Templedermot. Another, standing some distance from the others, has a square tower, the only instance in Ireland of an ancient Celtic church thus shaped, joined or bonded on to the rest.

12. O'Flahertys driven across Lough Corrib by the De Burgos

    Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway · 1200–1299

    In the 13th century the O'Flahertys were driven from their possessions on the east side of Lough Corrib by the De Burgos. They sailed across the lake, drove out the possessors of the territory there, and became powerful enough in Connemara to be a thorn in the side of the English authorities.

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    In the 13th century the O'Flahertys, being driven from their possessions on the east side of Lough Corrib by the De Burgos, sailed across the lake and drove out the possessors of the territory there, and became powerful enough in this part of Connemara to prove a thorn in the side of the English authorities,

    218 GALWAY TO CLIFDEN

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Corrib is the lake the road passes near. In the 1200s the De Burgos drove the O'Flahertys from their possessions on the east side of this lake. The O'Flahertys sailed across, drove out the possessors of the territory there, and became powerful enough in Connemara to prove a thorn in the side of the English authorities.

13. Portumna Dominican monastery on Cistercian site

    Portumna · town · Galway · 1426

    Portumna possesses the ruins of a Dominican monastery founded on the site of a very ancient Cistercian chapel dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The Dominicans were confirmed in possession by a bull of Pope Martin V dated 8th October 1426, and the walls remain comparatively entire.

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    Portumna (Inn) is in a somewhat decayed condition, and possesses the ruins of a monastery and the remains of an ancient castle. The monastery, which belonged to the Dominican friars, was founded on the site of a very ancient Cistercian chapel dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The Dominicans were confirmed in their possession by a bull of Pope Martin Y. dated 8th October 1426. The walls are comparatively entire. The council, presided over by the Earl of Strafford, convened for the purpose of establishing His Majesty's claim to the forfeited estates in Connaught, held its sitting in Portumna Castle, but the members having refused to admit the royal claims were sent to Dublin as prisoners under escort of the sheriff.

    A brief view of the "Abandoned Railway" may be had on the east (right) bank just after leaving Portumna Bridge. The end of the deep cutting is visible for a moment. This twelvemile line was laid down between Portumna and Parsonstown, but owing to a dispute between the Company and the Board of Works it was abandoned. The country-folk ripped up the rails and sleepers. A motor bus runs twice a day each way between Portumna and Ballyquirk.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Portumna is a town in some decay, but it holds the ruins of a monastery and the remains of an ancient castle. The monastery belonged to the Dominican friars. They built it on the site of a very ancient Cistercian chapel, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The Dominicans were confirmed in their possession by a bull of Pope Martin V, dated the 8th of October 1426. The walls are comparatively entire. The castle has its own story. A council, presided over by the Earl of Strafford, met there to establish the king's claim to the forfeited estates in Connaught. The members refused to admit the royal claims. For that, they were sent to Dublin as prisoners, under escort of the sheriff. There was also a twelve-mile railway line laid down between Portumna and Parsonstown. A dispute between the Company and the Board of Works put an end to it. The country-folk ripped up the rails and sleepers.

14. Salruck graveyard with clay pipes on graves

    Salrock · townland · Galway

    A curious graveyard at Salruck has graves covered with stones and adorned with clay pipes. The pipes are not votive offerings but are those handed round at wakes and afterwards collected and placed on the graves.

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    A frequent excursion from Letterfrack or from Renvyle is to Salruck. Through TuUy Cross Roads, 3 miles north of Letterfrack, continue along the pleasant coast-road to the slated house on Lough Muck {cyclists can leave their machines here). From this a roughish track turns sharply left and makes a steep descent to Salruck, a beautiful wooded spot on a wild bit of coast. There is a curious graveyard here where the graves are covered with stones and adorned with clay pipes, a fact which has led some superficial observers to conclude that the natives made votive offerings to the dead. As a matter of fact at the *' wakes " pipes are handed round, and afterwards collected and placed on the graves.

    Returning to the slated house, turn left and keep the road that skirts the north side of Lough Fee. From the point where this strikes the main road it is 6 miles (left) to Leenane, and 9 (right) to Letterfrack.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 34

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Salrock there is a graveyard worth knowing about. The graves are covered with stones and adorned with clay pipes, which led some to think the locals were making votive offerings to the dead. The truth is simpler. At the wakes, pipes are handed round, and afterwards they are collected and placed on the graves.

15. Subterranean river and failed canal between Loughs Corrib and Mask

    Cong · town · Mayo

    Loughs Corrib and Mask are joined by a river that runs underground for most of its course, reappearing in the Mill Pond 72 feet deep. An attempt to connect the lakes by canal failed because the porous limestone drained the water, earning it the nickname 'the great blunder.'

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    Loughs Corrib and Mask are joined by a river, which for threefourths of its course has a subterranean stream, and reappears again in the Mill Pond, 72 feet in depth. An attempt was made to connect the lakes by a canal, afterwards called the *' great blunder," but the porous character of the limestone rendered the enterprise abortive, after enormous sums of money had been expended on it. It is indeed this characteristic of the limestone that explains the subterranean passage made by the river. At various places there are openings where the course of the stream may be seen.

    The most remarkable of the caverns is the Pigeon Hole (Pollna-g-columb), so called from the fact that it was at one time frequented by pigeons. The Pigeon Hole may be reached

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Cong sits where Lough Corrib and Lough Mask nearly meet. A river joins them, but for most of its course it runs underground, through the limestone, then reappears in the Mill Pond, 72 feet deep. At various places there are openings where you can see the stream below. The most remarkable of these caverns is the Pigeon Hole, so called because pigeons once frequented it. There was an attempt to connect the two lakes by canal. The limestone was too porous and drained the water away, so the whole enterprise failed, after enormous sums of money had been spent. People called it the great blunder. It is that same porous limestone that lets the river make its subterranean passage in the first place.

16. Connemara Marble quarry at Recess

    near Recess · population centre · Galway

    The principal quarry for the famous ornamental Connemara Marble is located at Recess. Described as crystalline limestone and serpentine, its beautiful green colouring can be seen in the pillars of the Geological Museum at Trinity College Dublin.

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    At Recess is the principal quarry of the famous ornamental stone known as Conwemara Marble, described by Dr. Hull as composed of ^' crystalline limestone and serpentine. " Those who have seen the pillars and facings of the Entrance Hall at the New Geological Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, will remember the beautiful green colouring of this exquisite rock. There is also a magnificent specimen in the Natural History department of the Dublin Museum.

    There is a rich treat for the cyclist on the way from Recess Station to Kylemore. This is a run of 13 miles along the splendid road that goes northwards round the curving shores of Loughs Derryclare and Inagh. The latter is one of the finest bits of scenery to be found in Ireland, especially when one is lucky enough to get sunshine on the eastern shoulders of the *'Bens" after rain. For the character of this view of those mountains, see remarks on page 219. The only vegetation is on the islands. For Kylemore see page 226.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Recess, this is where the principal quarry of Connemara Marble sits. Dr. Hull described the stone as composed of "crystalline limestone and serpentine." Those who have seen the pillars and facings of the Entrance Hall at the New Geological Museum of Trinity College Dublin will remember the beautiful green colouring of this exquisite rock. There is also a magnificent specimen in the Natural History department of the Dublin Museum. For those who travelled by bicycle, the road from Recess Station to Kylemore was a rich treat. It runs 13 miles northwards along the curving shores of Loughs Derryclare and Inagh. Lough Inagh is one of the finest bits of scenery in Ireland, especially when sunshine falls on the eastern shoulders of the Bens after rain. The only vegetation is on the islands.

17. Dun Conor on Inishmaan

    Doonconor · enclosure · Galway

    Dun Conor is an oval-shaped fort on Inishmaan named after the brother of Aengus. Although it has been poorly restored, it remains a fine fort and is linked to the local story of Mailly, the murderer.

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    Inishmaan, or Middle Island, is divided by Gregory Sound, about li mile in width. Dun Conor ^ named after the brother of Aengus, is of a curious oval shape, and, though terribly " restored," is a fine fort. The story of Mailly, the murderer, should be learnt from a native. Teavipull Murry i (St. Mary's Church) is of 15th-century date. The saint Kenerg, whose " bed " is here, was the brother of the lady Cavanagh to whom the Kenanagh Church, with an uncommon west door, may be dedicated.

    On South Island, the most interesting of several early ruins, is St. Cavan's Church, named alter the brother of Kevin of Glendalough, and the disciple of Enda.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    An oval-shaped fort, Dun Conor, on Inishmaan, the Middle Island. Inishmaan sits divided by Gregory Sound, about 1 mile in width. Dun Conor takes its name from the brother of Aengus. Though it has been terribly restored, it remains a fine fort. The story of Mailly, the murderer, belongs to this place, but the guide advises you to learn it from a native.

18. St Nicholas Church, Adare — oldest surviving building

    Adare · townland · Limerick · 1280–1806

    The old Parish Church of St Nicholas near Adare Castle has a chancel containing probably the original Norman walls, dating from between 1280 and 1320. It is about the oldest building remaining in Adare and ceased to be used for Protestant service in 1806.

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    Across the grass, and near the village bridge, are seen the remains of the Castle, also within the park. A castle is known to have stood here before 1226, and may have been founded some years previously by the Anglo-Normans. '*0n the attainder of 'silken' Thomas, in 1536, the castle was forfeited to the Crown," and, passing to the Desmonds, was called Desmmid Castle. It was dismantled by Cromwell. The Gate Tower contains the groove for the portcullis. Of the keep, built on the ancient Eath, the ruins are not imposing ; they are south-east of the inner ward. Near the castle is the old Parish Church of St. Nicholas. The chancel contains probably the original Norman walls, is "about the oldest building now remaining in Adare," and dates from something between 1280 and 1320. In 1806 it ceased to be used for the Protestant service, which was transferred to the Augustinian building.

    On the left (or west) as you come out of the Village Gate is the White Abbey of the Trinitarians, which was founded before 1299. The Church, which is now the R,C. Churchy was at the beginning of the century a ball-alley, and but for the good (second) Earl would have become a potato store. Its chief feature is the massive central tower. The spacious and good interior is beautified by the reredos screen.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Adare, near the village bridge and within the park, stand the remains of the old castle, and nearby is the Parish Church of St Nicholas. A castle is known to have stood here before 1226, and may have been founded some years before that by the Anglo-Normans. On the attainder of "silken" Thomas in 1536, the castle was forfeited to the Crown, and passing to the Desmonds was called Desmond Castle. It was dismantled by Cromwell. The Gate Tower contains the groove for the portcullis. Of the keep, built on the ancient rath, the ruins are not imposing; they lie south-east of the inner ward. The chancel of the church contains probably the original Norman walls, and is, in the words of the source, "about the oldest building now remaining in Adare." It dates from sometime between 1280 and 1320. In 1806 it ceased to be used for the Protestant service, which was transferred to the Augustinian building.

19. Athenry poverty in former royal town

    Athenry · town · Galway

    Once a royal town, Athenry is described as now poverty-stricken, though it remains a great hunting centre where the famous Galway Blazers meet. The 13th-century castle with its lofty gabled keep still stands within the remaining town walls.

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    Athenry {Hotel: Railway, near station), of much interest to the antiquarian, while a visit to the Dominican Friary will repay the general tourist ; but the village — once a royal town — is now poverty-stricken, although still a great hunting centre, the famous ''Galway Blazers" meeting here. The town was walled in 1211, and w^as not long in attracting foes. Its history has been a tragic one, bristling w4th the terrors of war. When the Earls of Clanricarde in 1577 sw^ept the land of Connaught with fire and sword Athenry buried its full share of the slain. Again, however, it rose from its ruins, but only to fall before ''Red Hugh's" destroying hand. Sacked and burnt, it never recovered from this savage blow.

    Entering by the gateway in the still remaining w^alls you have on the left the 13th-century Castle^ wdth its lofty gabled keep. In the centre of the town is the remnant of an ancient

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Athenry, you are passing a town whose history has been a tragic one. It was walled in 1211 and was not long in attracting foes. Once a royal town, it is now poverty-stricken, though it remains a great hunting centre where the famous Galway Blazers meet. When the Earls of Clanricarde in 1577 swept the land of Connaught with fire and sword, Athenry buried its full share of the slain. It rose again from its ruins, only to fall before Red Hugh's destroying hand. Sacked and burnt, it never recovered from that savage blow. The walls still remain, and entering by the gateway you come upon the 13th-century castle with its lofty gabled keep. The Dominican Friary also stands here, and in the centre of the town is the remnant of an ancient market cross.

20. Aughnanure Castle, seat of the O'Flahertys

    Aughnanure · townland · Galway · 1500–1599

    The ruins of Aughnanure Castle, seen on the right three miles past Ross station, were the ancient seat of the O'Flahertys, whose modern house is Lemonfield. The remaining portions date from the 16th century and include a strong square keep, bartizan, and a banqueting-hall with decorative stone carving in the window interiors.

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    Beyond Moycidlen station (7| miles) Knocknalee Hill is a pleasing feature in the left-hand distance, and to avoid it the rail keeps low, and near to Lough Ross. Three miles past Ross station the ruins of Aughnanure Castle are seen on the right. This was the ancient seat of the O'Flahertys, whose modern house is Lemonfield,

    In the 13th century the O'Flahertys, being driven from their possessions on the east side of Lough Corrib by the De Burgos, sailed across the lake and drove out the possessors of the territory there, and became powerful enough in this part of Connemara to prove a thorn in the side of the English authorities,

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here are the ruins of Aughnanure Castle, the ancient seat of the O'Flahertys. Their modern house is Lemonfield. The remaining portions date from the 16th century and include a strong square keep, a bartizan, and a banqueting hall with decorative stone carving in the window interiors. The O'Flahertys came here in the 13th century, driven from their possessions on the east side of Lough Corrib by the De Burgos. They sailed across the lake and drove out the possessors of the territory. They became powerful enough in this part of Connemara to prove a thorn in the side of the English authorities.

21. Banagher bridge and military fortifications

    Banagher · town · Offaly · 1843

    Banagher is a market town on the left bank of the Shannon, crossed by a fine stone bridge of seven arches completed in 1843, protected by two towers and a battery. Connected with it are large barracks, and about a mile from the town is a well-known distillery.

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    Banagher {Hotels: M'Intyre's ; (C.) Miss Miller's (Temp.)) is a market town on the left bank of the river, and the railway terminus of a branch line from Clara. The river is here crossed by a fine stone bridge of seven arches, completed in 1843, which is protected by two towers and a battery : connected with it there are large barracks. About a mile from the town is the well-known Banagher distillery. In the vicinity are the ruins of Garry Castle, the ancient fortress of the Macloghlans, the last representative of whom died a little more than half a century ago. He has been regarded as the " last Irish chief."

    At Banagher those who have come by rail from Dublin meet the Shannon steamer to go south. Northward the river winds away 32 miles to Athlone, SJ miles short of which are the celebrated ruins at Clonmacnois (see p. 182) but there is no means of traversing this part of the Shannon except by private enterprise.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Banagher is a market town on the left bank of the Shannon, and the railway terminus of a branch line from Clara. A fine stone bridge of seven arches was completed in 1843. Two towers and a battery protect it, and large barracks are connected with the bridge. About a mile from the town stands the well-known distillery. In the vicinity are the ruins of Garry Castle, the ancient fortress of the Macloghlans. The last representative of the Macloghlans died a little more than half a century ago, and has been regarded as "the last Irish chief." Those who have come by rail from Dublin meet the Shannon steamer to go south. Northward the river winds away 32 miles to Athlone, short of which are the celebrated ruins at Clonmacnois, but there is no means of traversing this part of the Shannon except by private enterprise.

22. English Town on King's Island founded by de Burgh

    King's Island · townland · Limerick · 1199–1216

    The portion of Limerick on King's Island called English Town was founded in the reign of King John by William de Burgh, who built the castle for its defence. Fortifications were later extended to Irish Town in the 15th century.

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    The portion on "King's island" called English Town was founded in the reign of King John by William de Burgo, who built the castle for its defence. In the 15th century its fortifications were extended to Irish Town south of it. The city in 1651 was taken by General Ireton. William III.'s siege of 1690, owing chiefly to Sarsfield's energetic defence, was raised ; but 13 months later Ginckell proved too strong even for that gallant defender, and Sarsfield had to sign, upon the Treaty Stone, the famous document which bound William to respect and protect the old privileges of the Roman Catholics. The way in which the English side of the bargain was kept is sufficiently indicated by the name of the City of the Violated Treaty. The prosperity of the city dates from the foundation of Newtown-Pery by Mr. Sexton Pery in 1769.

    Bridges. — English Town is connected with Newtown-Pery by New or Mathew Bridge, so named after Father Matliew {Killarney Sect. p. 105), and by Ball's Bridge, a modern structure occupying the site of a bridge of great antiquity, Thomond Bridge, also occupying the site of a very ancient structure connects English town with County Clare. On the Clare side of the bridge stands the "Treaty Stone" mentioned above.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here on King's Island, the part of Limerick called English Town was founded in the reign of King John by William de Burgh, who built the castle for its defence. In the 15th century the fortifications were extended to Irish Town, south of it. The city was taken by General Ireton in 1651. William III's siege of 1690 was raised chiefly through Sarsfield's energetic defence, but 13 months later Ginckell proved too strong, and Sarsfield had to sign the famous treaty upon the Treaty Stone, which bound William to respect and protect the old privileges of the Roman Catholics. The way the English side of the bargain was kept is indicated by the name of the City of the Violated Treaty. English Town is connected to Newtown-Pery, whose foundation in 1769 by Sexton Pery dates the city's prosperity, by New or Mathew Bridge and by Ball's Bridge. Thomond Bridge connects English Town to County Clare, and on the Clare side stands the Treaty Stone.

23. Glen Columbkill in the Burren

    Glencolumbkille · town · Donegal

    Glen Columbkill is described as the most remarkable of the valleys on the east of the Burren high land. The surrounding bare limestone rocks resemble vast artificial amphitheatres with regular steps and terraces, while isolated hills look like great fortifications crowned by small citadels.

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    Glen Columbkill is the most remarkable of the valleys on the east of the Burren high land. What makes those valleys so remarkable is the bareness of the limestone rocks which surround them. They look like vast artificial amphitheatres rising in regular steps and terraces of stone, receding here and advancing there, till the long parallel lines of stratification fade away in the blue haze of the distance. The isolated hills are like great fortifiications surrounded by regular bastions and walls rising one above another, till each terminates in a small citadel crowning the summit of the hill. The light gray of the nearer hills fades into purple in the distance, and, should a stray sunbeam strike through the clouds on some remoter promontory, the part lit gleams out like a marble building, with all the effect of some magnificent architecture.

    The numerous rock fissures are lined with the most splendid ferns and other plants — the delicate maidenhair fern being found here as well as on the Aran Islands, together with several species of plants very rarely to be met with in other parts of the British Islands.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Glencolumbkille. Glen Columbkill is the most remarkable of the valleys on the east of the Burren high land. What makes those valleys so remarkable is the bareness of the limestone rocks which surround them. They look like vast artificial amphitheatres rising in regular steps and terraces of stone, receding here and advancing there, till the long parallel lines of stratification fade away in the blue haze of the distance. The isolated hills are like great fortifications surrounded by regular bastions and walls rising one above another, till each terminates in a small citadel crowning the summit of the hill. The light gray of the nearer hills fades into purple in the distance, and, should a stray sunbeam strike through the clouds on some remoter promontory, the part lit gleams out like a marble building, with all the effect of some magnificent architecture. The numerous rock fissures are lined with the most splendid ferns and other plants. The delicate maidenhair fern is found here as well as on the Aran Islands, together with several species of plants very rarely to be met with in other parts of the British Islands.

24. Inchagoill: Lugna's pillar stone and St Patrick's church

    Inchagoill · townland · Galway

    On Inchagoill island ('island of the foreigner'), Lugnat or Lugnauld, believed to be a nephew of St Patrick, took up residence. His pillar stone bearing the inscription 'Lie Lugnaedon Macc Lmenueh' survives, alongside remains of a church supposedly founded by St Patrick.

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    After we enter the upper reaches of the lake the islands become more numerous, some of them being of considerable extent. On Inchagoil {Inis-au-Ghoil, the ** island of the foreigner"), Lugnat, or Lugnauld, a contemporary, and believed to be a nephew of St. Patrick, took up his residence. His pillar stone, with the inscription — Lie Lugnaedon Macc Lmenueh — is still to be seen, and near it the remains of a church supposed to have been founded by St. Patrick.

    The scenery improves greatly as we get northward until, with the Connemara hills looming larger as we approach, with the many charming islets wooded to the water's edge, and finally with the fir-woods round Cong, it is well worth the journey.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Inchagoill, whose name means island of the foreigner. A man called Lugnat, or Lugnauld, took up residence there. He was a contemporary of St Patrick, and is believed to have been Patrick's nephew. His pillar stone still stands, carrying the inscription: Lie Lugnaedon Macc Lmenueh. Near it are the remains of a church supposed to have been founded by St Patrick himself. The lake's upper reaches hold many islands, some of considerable extent, and the scenery grows finer as you push northward, with the Connemara hills looming larger and wooded islets lining the water, until at last the fir-woods round Cong appear.

25. Kilronan Cemetery and the Bard Carolan

    Kilronan · village · Galway

    The cemetery of Kilronan, near Lough Meclaghy, is the burial place of the famous Carolan, described as one of the last of the veritable Irish bards. The site links the landscape to the enduring tradition of Irish bardic poetry.

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    The next lough north-east of this is Mcclaghy near which is the cemetery of Kilronan. Here was buried the famous Carolan, one of the last of the veritable Irish bards.

    At Carrick-on-Shannon {Hotel: The Bush) we enter the county of Leitrim, of which it is the assize town. It was incorporated by James I. The court-house is a good building with a Doric front.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 50

    As the companion tells it

    The village of Kilronan lies near Lough Meclaghy, and its cemetery holds the grave of the famous Carolan. He was, the old guide tells us, one of the last of the veritable Irish bards. So the place ties the land to a tradition of poetry that was already fading when he was laid to rest.

26. Lynch's Castle on Shop Street

    Shop Street · street · Galway

    Lynch's Castle, located in the principal street of Galway, is described as the most entire of the town's antique dwellings, with fantastic carving, well-preserved, and rows of gargoyles. It stands in curious contrast with the surrounding squalor of the meaner parts of town.

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    On many houses in the older and meaner parts of the town may be seen sculptured facades and coats-of-arms, in curious contrast with the surrounding squalor. The most entire of these antique dwellings is that known as " Lynch's Castle," in the principal street ; it is really a very quaint and interesting building with fantastic carving, well-preserved, and rows of gargoyles.

    The walls of the town were removed, but some portions still remain, the Lyon Tower in Eglinton Street, and the gateway at the Quay being specially worthy of notice. In the centre of the town is the spacious Eyre Square, with an enclosure laid out in walks, and planted with trees. A carved doorway, dated 1627, which once belonged to the house of a

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    A well-preserved antique dwelling, Lynch's Castle, stands in the principal street of Galway. In the older and meaner parts of the town, sculptured facades and coats of arms can be seen on many houses, in curious contrast with the surrounding squalor. Lynch's Castle is the most entire of these antique dwellings. It is a very quaint and interesting building, with fantastic carving and rows of gargoyles.

27. Renvyle House and the Blake family history

    near Rinvyle · population centre · Galway · 1680

    Renvyle House, a hotel run by Mrs. Blake, retains antique elm and oak wainscotting and a famous library with 17th and 18th century books including a first edition of Raleigh's History of the World. The Blake family bought the property in 1680, some time after Cromwell had confiscated their ancient home.

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    Mrs. Blake's Hotel, Renvyle House (£3 per week), is most homely and comfortable, besides being unique ; for its walls, within, retain their antique elm and oak wainscotting, and it lies as snugly embowered as some old English ''grange." The hostess's family bought the property in 1680, some time after Cromwell had confiscated their ancient home. (See Tlie Blake Records published by Elliot Stock.) There is a famous library with many seventeenth and eighteenth century books, including a first edition of Raleigh's History of the World. There is brown trout fishing and also sea-fishing free except for boat. There is a golf course and some mixed shooting, and tlie easel of the marine artist is often to be seen on the shore. With all these attractions it is small wonder that Renvyle is popular.

    The hotel stands on Lough Renvyle (fresh water), close to

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    There's a house in Rinvyle called Renvyle House, run as a hotel by Mrs. Blake, most homely and comfortable besides being unique. The walls inside still have their old elm and oak wainscotting. The Blake family bought the property in 1680, some time after Cromwell had confiscated their ancient home. The house has a famous library with many seventeenth and eighteenth century books, including a first edition of Raleigh's History of the World. The hotel stands on Lough Renvyle, a fresh water lough. There is brown trout fishing and sea-fishing free except for the boat, a golf course, and some mixed shooting. The easel of the marine artist is often to be seen on the shore. With all these attractions it is small wonder the hotel is popular. Mrs. Blake charges three pounds a week.

28. Scattery Island round tower, tallest in Ireland

    Scattery Island · townland · Clare · 800–999

    The round tower on Scattery Island is the tallest in Ireland and is exceptional in having a door at ground level. Miss Stokes dates its masonry to the 9th or 10th century as it is not hammer-dressed.

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    There is an interesting description of the ruined buildings of Scattery in the E.S.A.L EandhooTc^ 1898 {JVestropp) ; a few notes will here suffice. The Round Tower is the tallest in Ireland, and is exceptional in having a door on the ground level. Miss Stokes notes that as its masonry is not "hammer-dressed," it may be dated among the earliest (9th to 10th century). The

    196 ' ' KILRUSH— KILKEE

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Scattery Island stands a round tower, the tallest in Ireland. It is exceptional for having its door at ground level. Miss Stokes noted that its masonry is not hammer-dressed, and dated it to the 9th or 10th century.

29. Sligo Dominican Friary: tombs and miniature cloisters

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    The friary contains a figure of St. Dominic, a tomb traditionally said to be that of King Conor, and the O'Crean monument beneath a once-beautiful canopy. Its almost perfect miniature cloisters include one carved in an Irish lace design with a lover's knot on a corner boss.

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    the quaint figure of St. Dominic on the top is the most interesting feature. The tomb near is said to be that of King Conor. Near the obstructive central ^vall is the O'Crean monument beneath a once beautiful canopy.

    The almost perfect miniature cloisters are well worth examining. One of them is carved in a design representing Irish lace ; in the corner near it will be found a true lover's knot on a boss.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Sligo, the Dominican friary holds a quaint figure of St. Dominic on top, and nearby a tomb said to be that of King Conor. The O'Crean monument sits beneath what was once a beautiful canopy. The almost perfect miniature cloisters are worth a look. One is carved in a design representing Irish lace, and on a corner boss near it you will find a true lover's knot.

30. St. Mary's Church tower and siege bell, Athlone

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1691

    The tower of St. Mary's Church in Athlone still stands with its ancient bell. The bell rang out the famous 'peal' referred to by Macaulay, which was the signal for the final assault during the siege of 1691.

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    seems to have had no idea of chivalry " — lived at the time of the siege of 1691. Of St. Mary's Chuech the tower with its ancient bell yet stands, from which rang out the famous *' peal," referred to by Macaulay, the signal for the final assault above mentioned.

    On the Connaught side of the river, once stood the abbey of St. Peter — now only remembered by its name, which survives in St. Peter's Port.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Athlone, the tower of St. Mary's Church still stands with its ancient bell. In 1691, during the siege, a peal rang out from that bell, what Macaulay called the signal for the final assault.

31. De Quincey's 1800 ascent of Croagh Patrick

    near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo · 1800

    De Quincey, who climbed Croagh Patrick as a boy of 15 in 1800, wrote home that it was 'the highest mountain in Ireland.' At the top he found a circular wall where pilgrims on St. Patrick's Day ran on their bare knees until the skin was off.

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    De Qaincey, who as a boy of 15 climbed tlie mountain, in 1800, wrote home that Croagh Patrick was " the highest mountain in Ireland." At the top he found "a circular wall very rough and craggy, on which, at St. Patrick's Day, all the Papists, for many miles round, run on their knees (quite bare) till the skin is off."

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    A boy of fifteen climbed this mountain in 1800. De Quincey wrote home that Croagh Patrick was, in his words, "the highest mountain in Ireland." At the top he found a circular wall, very rough and craggy, where on St. Patrick's Day people for many miles round ran on their bare knees until the skin was off.

32. Adare Manor designed by amateur mason Conolly

    Adare · townland · Limerick · 1832

    Adare Manor, seat of the Earl of Dunraven, is a fine modern mansion built in 1832. The greater portion was designed by an amateur mason named Conolly, with no drawings furnished by an architect, and features oak carving done by local talent.

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    The Village Gate of Adare Manor is opposite the hotel. For a view of the House turn right when the path forks within. It is a fine modern mansion built in 1832, and " the greater portion " was '' designed by an amateur, a mason named Conolly, . . . not a single drawing having been furnished by an architect " {Memorials). The special feature to note is the beautiful modern oak carving on overmantels, staircase, etc., all done by local talent.

    The Quin family is from the younger branch of the descendants of Olioll Olum, King of Munster in the 3rd century.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Adare Manor, the seat of the Earl of Dunraven. It is a fine modern mansion, built in 1832. The greater portion of it was designed by an amateur, a mason named Conolly, with not a single drawing furnished by an architect. The special feature to note is the beautiful modern oak carving on the overmantels, the staircase, and elsewhere, all done by local talent.

33. Askeaton's medieval buildings

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1419

    Askeaton is remarkable for its ancient buildings, including a Norman castle of the Desmonds, a Knights Templars' Church, and a Franciscan Abbey founded in 1419 with uncommon cloisters. All are described as worth visiting.

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    AsKEATON (railway station), remarkable for its ancient buildings. Its Nonnan castle of the Desmonds ; Knights Templars' Church ; and Franciscan Abbey (1419), with uncommon cloisters, are all worth visiting.

    Four miles inland, and south from Askeaton, is Ballingrane Junction, which is 2 miles from Rathkeale station. Here is another Desmond Castle and several ancient buildings, including an "Early English" Priory. At the beginning of the last century some Lutheran refugees from the Palatinate settled in this neighbourhood.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Askeaton is remarkable for its ancient buildings. There is a Norman castle of the Desmonds, a Knights Templars' Church, and a Franciscan Abbey founded in 1419, with uncommon cloisters. All three are worth visiting.

34. Athlone Castle built by Bishop of Norwich

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1213

    The only 13th-century remnant of Athlone Castle is the base of the fort built by the Bishop of Norwich in 1213. The imposing machicolations and outer walls are modern. The castle is now used for military stores on the Connaught side of the town.

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    and a little lower down by the road bridge. On tlie Leinster or east side are tlie best streets, shops and the hotel, as well as the smaller station (G.S. and W). On the Connaught or west side is the principal railway station, the barracks (the town is always garrisoned), and what remains of the Castle now used for i\lilitary Stores. The only old part (13th century) remaining of the Castle is the base of the fort built by the Bishop of Norwich. The imposing machicolations and outer walls are modern.

    The earliest fort seems to have occupied the Celtic " dun " near the present bridge, in the far-off time when the crossing was made over the fords ; and whe^ troops and travellers laiew well the hostelry and the history alike of that ancient taverner, one " Lnan," to whom our best scholars trace the latter part of the name of the town. It seems strange that the place should be connected with Norwich, but it is reliable history that the Bishop of the most eastern city of England built here in 1213 the central castle of Ireland, and we shall find more of this builder-bishop's work at Clonmacnois. The castle has had an eventful record of assaults and sieges, but of none more famous than the siege of 1691, when Ginckell captured Athlone, and so forced the battle with the French and Irish at Aghrim. At first the garrison under Grace, and, later St. Ruth, who held the castle for James II., stood firm, but the heavy tire of Ginckell's men and their last assault utterly broke the Irish defence.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Athlone sits on both banks of the river, and the road passes through a town whose name carries the echo of an ancient taverner. Scholars trace the latter part of the name to one "Luan," a figure troops and travellers knew well in the far-off time when the crossing was made over the fords, before any bridge stood. The earliest fort occupied a Celtic dun near that crossing. What remains old at the castle is only the base of the fort, built in 1213 by the Bishop of Norwich. He was the bishop of the most eastern city of England, yet it is reliable history that he built here the central castle of Ireland. His work is found too at Clonmacnois. The imposing machicolations and outer walls you can see are modern. The castle is now used for military stores, on the Connaught side of the town. The castle has had an eventful record of assaults and sieges. None more famous than the siege of 1691, when Ginckell captured the town and so forced the battle with the French and Irish at Aghrim. At first the garrison under Grace, and later St. Ruth, held the castle for James II. They stood firm, but the heavy fire of Ginckell's men and their last assault utterly broke the Irish defence.

35. Ballinafad dismantled castle of the M'Donoughs

    Ballinafad · townland · Sligo

    Ballinafad is a small town with a dismantled castle of the same name, founded by one of the M'Donoughs. The neighbourhood also contains Moy Tuiridh and Geis Corran.

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    Ballinafad is a small town, with a dismantled castle of the same name, founded by one of the M'Donoughs. In its neighbourhood are two places, one entitled Moy Tuiridh, remarkable as the scene of a decisive battle between the ancient Belgic and Danish colonists of Ireland, and the other, Geis Corran^ famous in romantic legend. The railway now rises through the Curlew Hills.

    Boyle {Hotels : Royal ; Rockingham Arms) is well situated on the banks of the Boyle river, and exhibits an aspect of thrift and comfort. The handsome Roman Catholic cathedral, erected 1882, occupies a prominent position to the east of the town. The barrack was formerly the residence of the family of King-Harman, the proprietors of the town, who granted the inhabitants a small park. Boyle is the best centre from which to fish Loughs Arrow, Gara, and Key.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 49

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Ballinafad there stands a dismantled castle of the same name, founded by one of the M'Donoughs. The neighbourhood holds two places worth noting. One is Moy Tuiridh, remembered as the scene of a decisive battle between the ancient Belgic and Danish colonists of Ireland. The other is Geis Corran, famous in romantic legend. The railway now rises through the Curlew Hills nearby.

36. Ballysadare: St Feichin's Abbey and village decay

    Ballysadare · townland · Sligo

    Ballysadare sits at the foot of the Lurgan Hills on the Owenmore, where rapids end in a small waterfall. The Abbey of St. Feichin overlooks the rapids on the west side. The place is much decayed, little more than a wreck of its former condition.

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    Ballysodare, finely placed at the foot of the Lurgan Hills, is a village on the Owenmore, which falls into the bay over a series of rocky ledges, forming a succession of rapids, ending with a fine though small waterfall. The Abbey of St. Feichin overlooks the rapids on the west side of the river, where the only good view of them is to be obtained. The remarkable salmon ladders farther up should be seen. The place is much decayed, and little more than a wreck of its former condition.

    Here the road turns northward, in full view of Knocknarea, on the left, with a southern face that is a very cataract of ochrecoloured screes.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ballysadare, sitting at the foot of the Lurgan Hills on the Owenmore. The river falls into the bay over a series of rocky ledges, forming rapids that end with a fine though small waterfall. The Abbey of St. Feichin overlooks those rapids on the west side of the river, where the only good view of them is to be had. Farther up the river there are remarkable salmon ladders worth seeing. The place is much decayed now, little more than a wreck of its former condition.

37. Bunratty Castle, seat of the De Clares and Thomonds

    near Bunratty · parish · Clare

    Bunratty Castle is passed by the railway line and described as once the seat of the De Clares and the Thomonds. Its histories moved Thackeray to write romantically about it in his Sketch Book.

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    which the beautiful spire of the R.C. Cathedral is the leading feature. Then running over well-wooded flats we pass Cratloe Castle, and Bunratty Castle, once the seat of the De Clares and the Thomonds, with histories which moved Thackeray to romance wildly over two pages of his Sketch Book.

    Beyond Six-mile Bridge the rails pass between some small lakes (right) and — 3 miles to the left — Nciumarkct-on- Fergus. This village is just south of Dromoland, the seat of Lord Inchiquin, which is in sight from the train (left). The family (O'Brien) claim descent from King ''Brian Boru," who fell at Clontarf, 1014.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 21

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through the parish of Bunratty. Bunratty Castle was once the seat of the De Clares and the Thomonds. Its histories moved Thackeray to romance wildly over two pages of his Sketch Book. The railway passes it too, over well-wooded flats, along with Cratloe Castle. Beyond Six-mile Bridge the rails pass between small lakes and Newmarket-on-Fergus, just south of Dromoland, the seat of Lord Inchiquin. The O'Brien family claim descent from King Brian Boru, who fell at Clontarf in 1014.

38. Cross of Cong and Shrine of St. Patrick's Tooth at Cong Abbey

    Cong · town · Mayo · 1300–1399

    Cong Abbey once held the Cross of Cong, a richly decorated metal case for an inner oak cross said to contain a relic of the True Cross, and during the 14th century also kept the Shrine of St. Patrick's Tooth, now in the Dublin Museum.

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    has been studded with other precious stones besides the central crystal, and the copper face is richly adorned with interwoven tracery of gold. The whole forms a metal case for the inner cross of oak ; and an inscription states that it contains a portion of " the cross on which the founder of the world sufiered " (M. StoJces).

    In this Abbey also was kept, during the 14th century, the Shrine of St. Patrick's Tooth, now in the Dublin Museum.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Cong Abbey once held the Cross of Cong, a metal case for an inner cross of oak, studded with precious stones around a central crystal, its copper face richly adorned with gold tracery. An inscription says it contains a portion of the cross on which the founder of the world suffered. In this abbey also was kept, during the 14th century, the Shrine of St. Patrick's Tooth, now in the Dublin Museum.

39. Edgeworthstown: Goldsmith's schooling

    Edgeworthstown · town · Longford

    Goldsmith learnt the 'Three R's' at Edgeworthstown, 17 miles north-east of Lissoy, along with the village master's store of stories about ghosts, banshees, and fairies. On a journey between Edgeworthstown and home, Goldsmith famously mistook a squire's house for an inn.

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    Here Goldsmith's father, the rector of Kilkenny West, added to his meagre resources by farming some 70 acres of the Lissoy Estate, but though the poet lived much of his early life here, the claim to the honour of his birthplace is disputed by Pallas, Forgney, and Elphin, which Dr. Stokes favours most. The last, indeed, has boldly asserted its right by the erection (1897) of a window in the church commemorating the event there in 1728, At Edgeworthstown (17 miles north-east) Goldsmith learnt the ''Three R's," as well as the village master's long store of ''stories about ghosts, banshees, and fairies." Once, alack! — on his journey between that place and his home — he "actually committed the blunder of his own Comedy, mistaking a squire's house for an inn." To enumerate, however, even the chief incidents of his life ; his unhappy time at Trinity College, his idleness at home, the final departure from his native land, when he was 24 years old ; to describe a career which passed from medical study to literary vagaries and philosophical vagabondism, oi the distressing restraint of a moneyless author, the ill-paid production of masterpieces such as the Vicar of Wakefield and of the " Deserted Village," and all the events of the life of that

    182 DUBLIN TO GALWAY

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    This is Edgeworthstown, 17 miles north-east of Lissoy, where Oliver Goldsmith came as a boy to learn the Three R's. His father was rector of Kilkenny West and farmed some 70 acres of the Lissoy Estate, and the poet lived much of his early life in that part of the country, though Pallas, Forgney, and Elphin all dispute the honour of his birthplace. Elphin made its boldest claim with a church window in 1897 saying he was born there in 1728. The village master taught him reading, writing, and arithmetic, and something else besides: his long store of stories about ghosts, banshees, and fairies. One day, travelling between this town and home, Goldsmith, in the words of the source, "actually committed the blunder of his own Comedy, mistaking a squire's house for an inn." He was unhappy at Trinity College, idled at home, and left Ireland at 24. His career ran from medical study to literary vagaries and philosophical vagabondism, the distressing restraint of a moneyless author, and the ill-paid production of masterpieces such as the Vicar of Wakefield and the Deserted Village.

40. Franciscan abbey remains and tweed factories, Athlone

    Athlone · town · Westmeath

    Some fragmentary walls of a Franciscan abbey remain on the Leinster side of Athlone, near large tweed factories employing seven or eight hundred workers. The morning march of workers to the factories at 6.30 a.m. was a notable feature of the town.

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    The town owned previously two abbeys, one on each side of the river, some part of the walls (not worth visiting) remain of the Franciscan abbey on the Leinster side, near the huge tweed factories which employ so many hands that the march-past of some seven or eiglit hundred boots on the way to work at 6.30 A.M. awakes the slumbering tourist by its novelty. House accommodation is ever more and more difficult to get in this prosperous specimen of an Irish town.

    The walls, built about 300 years ago, have mostly disappeared, but besides the castle fort several historic buildings remain. There is Ginckell's House, at the corner of North gate Street, in which it is said the Dutchman — the famous general ** who

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Athlone, there are the remnants of a Franciscan abbey on the Leinster side, its walls built about 300 years ago and mostly disappeared. What remains stands near the large tweed factories that employ seven or eight hundred workers. Their early morning march to work at 6:30 AM wakes the slumbering tourist with the novelty of all those boots passing by. Athlone is described as a prosperous specimen of an Irish town, where house accommodation is ever more difficult to get.

41. Franciscan Church monuments near New Bridge

    New Bridge · bridge · Meath · 1700–1799

    The Franciscan Church near New Bridge, built in the 18th century on the site of the old monastic church, contains curious monuments including that of Sir P. French and another figured with many saints, with remnants of elaborate carving. A Dominican Friary once stood nearby.

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    In the Franciscan Church, near New Bridge, which was built in the 18th century on the site of the old monastic church, are curious monuments. Notice especially that of Sir P. French, and another figured with many saints. There are some remnants of elaborate carving. Near this there once stood a Dominican Friary. It is from the New Bridge that you obtain quite the pleasantest view in the town.

    Just beyond Lynch's Castle in Shop Street is the Church of St. Nicholas, dating from 1320. The tower, partly rough-cast, has uncommon corners and a modern steeple disfigured by clocks. The ornaments above the south door are peculiar. The interior was once the stables for the chargers of the Parliament troops during the Civil War. The chief features of interest are the old slabs in the south transept, and the tomb of the famous Lynch Fitz-Stephen. The font is old and good ; and in the north aisle is what is generally called "the Confessional," but ' ' nothing is definitely known of it, and there is reason to doubt that it was ever intended for such use." There are ten bells in the tower, one of these, the old clock-bell, dated 1590, is not now used. Of the remaining nine bells the two largest are cracked. The largest bell now in use, the sixth in order of ringing, dates from 1631, and is beautifully ornamented.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    A Franciscan church near New Bridge, built in the 18th century on the site of the old monastic church, holds curious monuments. Among them, the monument of Sir P. French stands out, as does another figured with many saints. Remnants of elaborate carving survive there. A Dominican friary once stood near this church. Beyond Lynch's Castle in Shop Street stands the Church of St. Nicholas, dating from 1320. The tower, partly rough-cast, has uncommon corners and a modern steeple disfigured by clocks. The ornaments above the south door are peculiar. The interior once served as stables for the chargers of the Parliament troops during the Civil War. The chief features of interest are the old slabs in the south transept, and the tomb of the famous Lynch Fitz-Stephen. The font is old and good. In the north aisle is what is generally called "the Confessional," but "nothing is definitely known of it, and there is reason to doubt that it was ever intended for such use." There are ten bells in the tower. One, the old clock-bell dated 1590, is no longer used. Of the remaining nine, the two largest are cracked. The largest bell now in use, the sixth in order of ringing, dates from 1631 and is beautifully ornamented.

42. Galway's declining population after failed port enterprise

    Galway · city · Galway · 1845–1912

    In 1845 efforts were made to bring a line of steam packets to Galway, and the Railway Hotel was built for the enterprise. The venture failed, and for the previous sixty years the population of Galway had steadily decreased.

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    In 1845 exertions were made in expectation of the coming of a line of steam packets, and the huge hotel known as the Railway Hotel was built. The enterprise came to nothing, and for the last sixty years the population has steadily decreasd.

    There is good salmon-fishing free on Lough Corrib, but in the town all the water below the weir is preserved. Anglers who apply for a permit for trout-fishing are usually granted it, but pay about 15s. a day to fish for salmon. Salmon abound in the River Corrib, and may often be seen from the parapet of New Bridge lying in great numbers as close together as the fingers of the hand, waiting to ascend the weir. At the spawning season this is one of the sights of Galway.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 24

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Galway, you're in a city whose population has been shrinking for decades. In 1845, efforts were made to bring a line of steam packets here, and the Railway Hotel was built for the venture. The enterprise came to nothing, and for sixty years the population steadily decreased. Salmon still abound in the River Corrib, and at spawning season you can see them from the parapet of New Bridge, lying together as close as the fingers of a hand, waiting to ascend the weir.

43. High Island: St. Feichin's monastery

    High Island · townland · Galway · 630–640

    High Island (Ardilaun) was the monastic home of St. Feichin, who first preached the Gospel to the western people of Galway. The foundation was dated approximately 630-640 AD; the chapel ruin and monks' cells have suffered much destruction since Petrie's exploration.

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    HiOH Island (or Ardilaun). This uninhabited island, the lomantic home of St. Feichin and his monks, was explored by Petrio and has been well described in the R.S. A. I. Journal, 1S96, by Mr. Macalister, from whom wo borrow. Not far from Castlepollard, amid the bog-lands of Westmeath, there are at Fore the interesting remains of the once important religious settlement of Saint Feichin. This vigorous monk was the first to preach the Gospel to the wild westerns of Galway, and at Omey and on High Island he raised churches and cells. ** We may perhaps regard ourselves as tolerably correct if we assign C30-640 as about the date of the foundation of the latter." Gormgall, "the blue-eyed foreigner," probably lived here and died on Ardillaun in 1017.

    The island is only accessible in calm weather, and then the landing (at the north-east) is difficult. The Chapel, the principal ruin, is at the south end near the larger loughlet. As it is 3 feet longer than Molaise's Chapel on Inismurray, it is not quite the smallest chapel in the British Isles. The lintel over the west door was once a " monumental cross," and the most interesting cross here is on the south side. Since Petrie's day the place has been shamefully destroyed ; the cells or clochans of the monastery have suffered much, and only two now stand. Though the existence of the monks' mill may be disputed, the pilgrims' offerings sufficiently indicate the ancient fame of the Holy Well, in the centre of the island.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to High Island lies the monastic home of St. Feichin and his monks. High Island, also called Ardilaun, is uninhabited. Feichin was the first to preach the Gospel to the western people of Galway, and here, as at Omey, he raised churches and cells. The foundation is dated to about 630 to 640. Gormgall, called the blue-eyed foreigner, probably lived here and died on the island in 1017. The island is reachable only in calm weather, and the landing at the north-east is difficult. The chapel is the principal ruin, standing at the south end near the larger loughlet. It is 3 feet longer than Molaise's Chapel on Inismurray, so it is not quite the smallest chapel in the British Isles. The lintel over the west door was once a monumental cross, and the most interesting cross on the island is on the south side. Since Petrie explored the place, it has been shamefully destroyed. The cells of the monastery have suffered much, and only two now stand. The existence of the monks' mill is disputed, but pilgrims' offerings at the Holy Well, in the centre of the island, speak to its ancient fame.

44. Origin of the name Connemara

    near Connemara · locality · Galway · 1–100

    Dr. Joyce explains that Queen Maeve's second son was named Conmac, whose descendants settled in Connaught and were called Conmac-Íe. Their sea-side district was called 'Conmac-ne-mara,' shortened to the present name Connemara.

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    For the origin of the name of Connemara we turn to Dr. Joyce, who explains that Maeve — the famous queen of Connaught in the first century A.D., and the *'Mab" of English folk-lore — had three sons, of whom the second was named Con7nac. The descendants of this prince all settled in Connaught and were called Conmac-Tie. One of their districts lay near the sea and was called *' Conmac-ne-7?2ara, or the 'sea-side' — Conmacne, which has been shortened to the present name Con-ne-mara."

    Beyond Moycidlen station (7| miles) Knocknalee Hill is a pleasing feature in the left-hand distance, and to avoid it the rail keeps low, and near to Lough Ross. Three miles past Ross station the ruins of Aughnanure Castle are seen on the right. This was the ancient seat of the O'Flahertys, whose modern house is Lemonfield,

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Connemara here in Galway, the name itself goes back to Queen Maeve. Dr. Joyce explains that Maeve, the famous queen of Connaught in the first century, had three sons. The second was named Conmac. His descendants all settled in Connaught and were called Conmac-íe. One of their districts lay near the sea and was called Conmac-ne-mara, or the sea-side Conmacne, which has been shortened to the present name Connemara.

45. Maynooth Castle founded by Fitzgerald

    Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1176–1426

    Maynooth Castle was founded in 1176 by Maurice Fitzgerald and repaired and strengthened in 1426 by John Fitzgerald, sixth Earl of Kildare. It was taken from Thomas Fitzgerald by Sir William Brereton in the reign of Henry VIII but afterwards restored to the family. The keep and several towers still remain along with the surrounding fosse.

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    The Castle of Maynooth, adjoining the college, was founded in 1176 by Maurice Fitzgerald, and repaired and strengthened in 1426 by John Fitzgerald, sixth Earl of Kildare. It was taken from Thomas Fitzgerald by Sir William Brereton, in the reign of Henry YIIL, but was afterwards restored to the family. The keep and several of the towers still remain, as well as the surrounding fosse, and betoken it to have been a place of great strength.

    The Protestant Episcopal Church, erected in the beginning of the 16th century by Earl Gerald Fitzgerald, has an imposing 12

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 4

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Maynooth, the castle stands adjoining the college. Maurice Fitzgerald founded it in 1176, and John Fitzgerald, sixth Earl of Kildare, repaired and strengthened it in 1426. Sir William Brereton took it from Thomas Fitzgerald in the reign of Henry VIII, though it was later restored to the family. The keep and several towers still remain, along with the surrounding fosse, marking it as a place of great strength.

46. Bishop Walsham How dies at Delphi on fishing holiday

    Doolough · townland · Mayo · 1897

    The house overlooking Dhulough in the Delphi pass was where Walsham How, the late Bishop of Wakefield, died while on a fishing holiday in 1897.

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    is the Rev. E. Spencer Gough, rector of Barningham, Yorkshire. The road from Leenane around by Aasleagh and Delphi to the upper end of Dhulough offers a delightful cycling run, and includes some mountain and sea views not to be surpassed in the British Isles. During the Royal tour in Ireland, in 1903, the King of Greece paid a special visit to Delphi, Princess Victoria and the Lord- Lieutenant spending some time in fishing the river and lake, the Royal party afterwards taking tea at the Lodge. The house overlooking Dhulough is an attractive feature on going through the Delphi pass. It was here that Walsham How, the late Bishop of Wakefield, died while on a fishing holiday in 1 897. The road which branches off to the right just below Dhulough is a rather rough road, but the views of Tanyard Lake, and in the Sheffry Pass, are of a wild, and it might be said, magnificent character. It is the most attractive route from Delphi, and also the shorter to Westport, and is by no means impassable for a carriage and pair. The district is known as the Barony of Murrisk, a very ancient name, a corruption of a word meaning a sea-marsh.

    Louisburgh (21 miles from Leenane and 14 from Westport ; Hotels: {I.A.C., C.) M'Dermott's (small, modern); (0.) M'Girr's (also small)) is a dull village of 400 inhabitants, within a mile of the sea, and as free as Athenry from all attempt to adorn itself with outward attraction. There is salmon fishing in the rivers near for 10s. a day. Boats can be had to visit Clare Island, to which it is the nearest point. Its only piece of antiquity is the disused chapel, now converted to secular uses.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Doolough, a house looks out over the water in the Delphi pass. In 1897, Walsham How, the late Bishop of Wakefield, died in that house while on a fishing holiday. The road from Leenane around by Aasleagh and Delphi to the upper end of Dhulough was described as a delightful cycling run, with mountain and sea views not to be surpassed in the British Isles. Years later, during the Royal tour in Ireland in 1903, the King of Greece paid a special visit to Delphi. Princess Victoria and the Lord-Lieutenant spent time fishing the river and lake, and the Royal party afterwards took tea at the Lodge. The house overlooking Dhulough was noted as an attractive feature of going through the pass. Just below Dhulough, a road branches off to the right. It is a rather rough road, but the views of Tanyard Lake and in the Sheffry Pass are of a wild, and it might be said, magnificent character. It is the most attractive route from Delphi, and also the shorter to Westport, and is by no means impassable for a carriage and pair. The district is known as the Barony of Murrisk, a very ancient name, a corruption of a word meaning a sea-marsh.

47. Clochan na Carraige: The perfect beehive cell

    Clochan-na-Carraige · man-made feature · Galway

    Clochan na Carraige is the most perfect beehive cell on Inishmore, constructed by projecting stones until they meet at an apex. This building method was used by early races before the knowledge of the arch.

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    About one mile north-west of this is another fine fort called Dun Onaght ; and near it is Clochan na Carraige, the most perfect jof the "beehive" cells, " formed in a manner universally adopted by early races in all periods of the history of man and in various portions of the globe, where stone was available, before the knowledge of the principle of the arch had reached them. The

    212 GALWAY

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    This is Clochan na Carraiga, the most perfect of the beehive cells, near Dun Onaght. The walls are formed by projecting stones inward until they meet at an apex. This was a building method used by early races wherever stone was available, before the knowledge of the principle of the arch had reached them.

48. Dromahair: O'Rourke's Castle and St. Munchin's Abbey

    Dromahair · town · Leitrim

    At Dromahair, O'Rourke's Castle has walls of prodigious thickness, and St. Munchin's Abbey can also be seen. The road from Dromahair winds back to Lough Gill through a gorge.

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    Dromohair. This means a detour from the lake, as there is no road close to the south side for some miles. At Dromohair (Hotel: (I.A.C, C.) Abbey) ^ there are O'Rourke's Castle^ with walls of prodigious thickness, and St, MuncMn's Abbey to be seen. Erom here the road wends back to the lough through a gorge, and on reaching it careful watch should be kept for a path on the right, leading through the woods to the Dooney Hock, whence the most beautiful view of the lough is obtained. The richly wooded isles and headlands, the luxuriant masses of beech and oak, give a character all its own to this charming scene. Not far from this, near a school, there is to be found the most interesting sight of all, Tober N'AU, a Druid altar, older than history, on which undoubtedly at one time human sacrifices were offered. The ferns growing out of the rock recesses, the constant flow of ice-cold water in the well, and the mysterious depths all add to a weird and almost uncanny scene of beauty and fascination. Total distance for the round and back to Sligo, 23 miles. As to fishing, salmon, trout, and pike are plentiful in the lough, and permission may be obtained by anglers from the landlord of the Victoria Hotel.

    The fishing on the other Sligo beauty spot, Glencar, is subject to more restriction. Application as above, when terms can be ascertained.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 47

    As the companion tells it

    Dromahair sits as a detour from the lake, for there is no road close to the south side for some miles. The town holds O'Rourke's Castle, its walls of prodigious thickness, and St. Munchin's Abbey, both to be seen. From here the road wends back to the lough through a gorge, and on reaching it a path leads through the woods to the Dooney Rock, whence the most beautiful view of the lough is obtained. The richly wooded isles and headlands, the luxuriant masses of beech and oak, give a character all its own to this charming scene. Not far from this, near a school, there is Tober N'Aul, a Druid altar, older than history, on which undoubtedly at one time human sacrifices were offered. The ferns growing out of the rock recesses, the constant flow of ice-cold water in the well, and the mysterious depths all add to a scene of beauty and fascination. The total distance for the round and back to Sligo is 23 miles. Salmon, trout, and pike are plentiful in the lough, and permission may be obtained by anglers from the landlord of the Victoria Hotel.

49. Dun Oghil and the prehistoric village

    Oghil Fort · minor feature · Galway

    Dun Oghil is an early fort on Inishmore located at the eastern extremity of the prehistoric village of Baile iua Sean. It is considered to have once been a finer example of an early fort than Dun Aengus.

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    About a mile along the western (main) road out of Kilronan is the well-preserved Church of Kieran, who spent several years with Enda. A little beyond (south-west) is Dun Oghil, which is considered to have been "once a finer example than Dun Aengus " of the early fort. It is at the eastern extremity of the central prehistoric village, Baile ^iia Sean, a collection of ancient "beehive" cells, huts and forts. About 2 miles farther along the road is Kilmurvey. Near this (south-west) is MacDuach's Chapel y named after the saint who founded the church and tower near Gort in the 7th century. On the sea cliff, J mile from the chapel, is the celebrated

    Dun Aengus, nearly 300 feet above the sea, "the central point of interest . . . and one of the finest prehistoric forts of Western Europe." These duns or forts, writes Miss Stokes, are associated wdth the adventures of Aengus, Conor, and "heroes of the Firbolg race. They may have been in existence two centuries or more before the introduction of Christianity." They were built without mortar ; and the same writer concludes that the upright jointings in the walls point to "the work having been portioned out in lots to the labourers." The dun here may once have had four ramparts, of which three are now standing ; and in the outer labyrinth of stones — which rival even those on the summits of Scafell or Glyder-Fach- — we have a cheval defrise capable of breaking up most besieging lines. In the doorway still remaining, with horizontal lintel and inclined sides, we see the original type afterwards copied by the monks ; and inside one wall is the interior passage so often found in these early forts {e.g. Dunbeg, Fahan).

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    In existence perhaps two centuries or more before the introduction of Christianity, Dun Oghil stands at the eastern extremity of the prehistoric village of Baile iia Sean, on Inishmore. The village is a collection of ancient beehive cells, huts, and forts. Dun Oghil is considered to have been "once a finer example than Dun Aengus" of the early fort. These duns or forts, writes Miss Stokes, are associated with the adventures of Aengus, Conor, and the heroes of the Firbolg race. They were built without mortar. The same writer concludes that the upright jointings in the walls point to "the work having been portioned out in lots to the labourers." Dun Aengus, with which Dun Oghil is compared, stands on the sea cliff nearly 300 feet above the sea. It is called "the central point of interest and one of the finest prehistoric forts of Western Europe." That dun may once have had four ramparts, of which three are now standing. In the outer labyrinth of stones, there is a cheval de frise capable of breaking up most besieging lines. In the doorway still remaining, with horizontal lintel and inclined sides, we see the original type afterwards copied by the monks. Inside one wall is the interior passage so often found in these early forts, as at Dunbeg and Fahan.

50. Giant Orbsen legend and the origin of Lough Corrib

    Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

    According to fable, the name Corrib derives from the giant Orbsen, who was killed by another giant named Uliin in a great fight at Moycullen for the sovereignty of Connaught. When Orbsen's grave was being dug, the waters of the lake gushed out and overspread their present surface.

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    Longh Corrib is about 25 miles in length, and its greatest breadth is about 8 miles. The country immediately adjoining the shores is flat and uninteresting, but the numerous rocky islets, some of them clothed with stunted trees, lend picturesqueness to the scene, while to the north-west the towering forms of the Connemara Mountains are seen in the distance to great advantage. According to fable the word Corrib is corrupted from the Giant Orbsen's name. This giant, it is said, was killed by Uliin, another giant, in a great fight at Moycullen for the sovereignty of Connaught ; and it was when his grave was being dug that the waters of the lake gushed out and overspread their present surface.

    About ten miles from Galway the lake contracts considerably, so as almost to give the idea of two lakes. The lower reach thus produced has very few islands upon it, but the upper expanse has so many as to have given rise to the saying that there was an island for every day of the year.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 41

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Corrib stretches about 25 miles in length, with its greatest breadth about 8 miles. The country immediately adjoining the shores is flat, but the numerous rocky islets, some clothed with stunted trees, give the scene a picturesqueness of its own, while to the north-west the Connemara Mountains rise in the distance. According to fable, the name Corrib comes from the giant Orbsen. This giant was killed by another giant named Uliin in a great fight at Moycullen for the sovereignty of Connaught. It was when Orbsen's grave was being dug that the waters of the lake gushed out and overspread their present surface. About 10 miles from Galway the lake contracts considerably, so as almost to give the idea of two lakes. The lower reach has very few islands, but the upper expanse has so many that it gave rise to the saying there was an island for every day of the year.

51. Kilkieran Bay islands joined by relief bridges

    Kilkieran Bay · bay · Galway

    An archipelago of islands in Kilkieran Bay has five of its largest islands joined by bridges, built as relief work when Rt. Hon. G. W. Balfour was Irish Secretary. At Lettermullen is the Hotel of the Isles offering brown trout and sea trout fishing and rough shooting.

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    Turning west from Costello we should come to an archipelago of islands in Kilkieran Bay. Five of the largest are joined by bridges, relief AAork done when Rt. Hon. G. W. Balfour was Irish Secretary. At Lettermullen is the Hotel of the Isles where brown trout and sea trout fishing and rough shooting are offered to visitors. Some of these small out-of-the-way hotels are both comfortable and reasonable, and deserve to be better known.

    At 33 miles from Galway is Recess, where we stop first at the small station belonging to the splendid hotel of the M.G.W.R. Company ; and, one mile beyond, reach the principal station.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkieran Bay holds an archipelago of islands. Five of the largest are joined by bridges, built as relief work when the Rt. Hon. G. W. Balfour was Irish Secretary. At Lettermullen stands the Hotel of the Isles, where brown trout and sea trout fishing and rough shooting are offered to visitors. Some of these small out-of-the-way hotels are both comfortable and reasonable, and deserve to be better known.

52. Kinkora, palace of Brian Boru at Killaloe

    Killaloe · town · Clare

    According to tradition, the palace of King Brian Boru, known as 'Kinkora,' once stood near the bridge of Killaloe. No physical remains are described, only the oral tradition of its location.

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    ''Kinkora," the palace of King Brian Boru, once stood, so says the story, near the bridge of Killaloe.

    Lough Derg or Dearg is the largest lake in the course of the Shannon, being 23 miles in length. The Shannon steamer leaves Killaloe early in the morning, and after traversing the whole length of the Lough, goes on up the Shannon to Banagher. This is only in the season. See pink pages.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    Killaloe is a town the road passes through. Tradition says the palace of King Brian Boru, called Kinkora, once stood near the bridge here. So says the story. No stones remain to mark it, only the name and the telling passed down.

53. Murrisk Abbey founded by O'Malley family for Austin Friars

    near Murrisk · townland · Mayo

    Murrisk Abbey, near the shore below Croagh Patrick, was founded by the O'Malley family for Austin Friars. It features a 15th-century east window, a fragmentary crucifix, a holed stone at the altar, and a chapel roofed in the style of the earliest buildings with an upper room.

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    Between this and Westport cyclists will find pleasant going, and the views of Croagh Patrick on the land side (page 230) and of Clew Bay on the other make the scenery delightful. At Murrisk is the Croagh Patrick Hotel, small, though it has recently blossomed from a mere inn into an hotel. Directly behind it is the recognised ascent of Croagh Patrick. Near the shore, is Murrisk Abbey, which derives its name from the Barony. This religious house was founded by the O'Malley family for Austin Friars. (Entrance from north side.) The east window^ of the 15th century, is rather uncommon and effective. Below is a fragmentary crucifix, and at the stone altar a ** holed stone." Some windows outside the north-east walls may be earlier than the eastern one ; and outside the north door of the chancel is a

    230 CLIFDEN TO WESTPORT

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here near the shore below Croagh Patrick is Murrisk Abbey, founded by the O'Malley family for Austin Friars. The east window dates from the 15th century and is, in the words of one old guide, "rather uncommon and effective." Below it sits a fragmentary crucifix, and at the stone altar there is a holed stone. Some windows outside the north-east walls may be even earlier than the 15th-century one.

54. Sarsfield Bridge and Lord Fitzgibbon statue

    Sarsfield Bridge · street · Limerick · 1831–1855

    Sarsfield Bridge was erected in 1831 at a cost of £85,000, connecting County Clare with Newtown-Pery. A statue of Lord Fitzgibbon, who fell at Balaclava, was erected on the bridge in 1855.

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    About a quarter of a mile to the south stands Sarsfield Bridge, erected in 1831 at a cost of £85,000, connecting the County of Clare with Newton-Pery. On this bridge a statue was erected in 1855 to Lord Fitzgibbon, who fell in the charge at Balaclava. Just opposite is the Shannon Rowing Club-house, one of the prettiest and best built of its kind, a real ornament to the city. There is a long line of quays running from the Sarsfield Bridge to the floating docks, which, with the more recently constructed graving docks, have proved of great importance to the town.

    Newtown-Pery. — The better streets are all situated in this part of the city, which is laid out almost with the regularity of an American city, the streets being for the most part straight, and crossing each other at right angles. Georges Street, futilely re-named O'Connell Street by the Nationalists, contains the principal shops and warehouses, many of them of imposing

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 11

    As the companion tells it

    Erected in 1831 at a cost of £85,000, Sarsfield Bridge connects County Clare with Newtown-Pery. In 1855 a statue was placed on the bridge to Lord Fitzgibbon, who fell in the charge at Balaclava. Opposite stands the Shannon Rowing Club-house, "one of the prettiest and best built of its kind, a real ornament to the city." A long line of quays runs from Sarsfield Bridge to the floating docks, and with the more recently constructed graving docks, these have proved of great importance to the town. Newtown-Pery holds the better streets of the city, laid out almost with the regularity of an American city, the streets for the most part straight and crossing each other at right angles. Georges Street, futilely re-named O'Connell Street by the Nationalists, contains the principal shops and warehouses, many of them of imposing appearance.

55. Sligo Abbey: foundation, fire and restoration

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1252–1414

    The Abbey of Sligo was founded about 1252 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice, and is now a fine ruin. It was consumed by fire in 1414 but was soon afterwards re-erected. The choir retains a perfect east window of reticulated tracery and a rare stone altar.

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    The chief lion of the town is the Abbey of Sligo, founded about 1252 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice, now a fine ruin. It was consumed by fire in 1414, but soon afterwards was reerected. The choir has a beautiful east window, of ' ' reticulated " tracery, still perfect ; the slender ringed shafts are a good feature. Under this is a very rare specimen of a stone altar ;

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Sligo town holds the ruins of its abbey, founded about 1252 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice. Fire consumed it in 1414, but it was soon re-erected. The choir still has a perfect east window of reticulated tracery, with slender ringed shafts, and beneath it sits a rare stone altar.

56. Cistercian Abbey on Clare Island with Grace O'Malley tomb

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo · 1224

    A Cistercian Abbey was founded on Clare Island in 1224. Remains survive containing fragments of fresco paintings and the so-called tomb of Grace O'Malley, along with a coat of arms bearing a boar.

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    Glare Island, at the mouth of the bay, has an area of 3949 acres, and its highest elevation is the Hill of Knock (1520 feet) presenting bold and precipitous cliffs to the Atlantic. The island is most conveniently visited from Achill Sound. Of the Cistercian Abbey, founded in 1224, there are remains in Avhich may be seen some fragments of fresco paintings and the so-called tomb of Grace O'Malley. Notice the coat of arms, bearing a boar and the motto ( — of the Royal Marines !). The tower of Granuaile Castle, the ancient residence of the celebrated Grace O'Malley, is situated above the harbour on the east. This lady became the leader of her clan, and eventually gained the title of" Grace of the Heroes." She was first married to O'Flaherty, Prince of Connemara, and on his decease to Sir Richard Bourke. *' Tradition," says Otway, "hands down a singular item of the marriage-contract. The marriage was to last /or certain but one year, and if at the end of that period either said to the other,

    232 CLIFDEN TO WESTPORT

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 37

    As the companion tells it

    Clare Island sits at the mouth of the bay, 3,949 acres, with the Hill of Knock rising 1,520 feet and bold cliffs facing the Atlantic. A Cistercian Abbey was founded here in 1224. Its remains still hold fragments of fresco paintings and the so-called tomb of Grace O'Malley. There is a coat of arms bearing a boar and a motto. The tower of Granuaile Castle stands above the harbour on the east side of the island. Grace O'Malley lived there, leader of her clan, who gained the title "Grace of the Heroes." She was first married to O'Flaherty, Prince of Connemara, and after his death to Sir Richard Bourke. Otway records a tradition about the marriage contract. The marriage was to last for certain but one year, and if at the end of that period either said to the other...

57. Dugort Protestant settlement in famine times

    Doogort · townland · Mayo · 1847

    Dugort, the chief town on Achill Island, was established as a Protestant settlement during the famine of 1847 by methods described as not altogether unquestionable. By 1912 it was growing popular as a tourist resort with hotels on the beach.

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    The chief town is Dugokt on the north, where are the hotels mentioned above. Mr. Sheridan who owns the Slievemore is known far and wide as one of the proprietor-hosts of Ireland. The Strand Hotel is on the beach, where there is a magnificent strand and huts for the accommodation of bathers. Seal-shooting may be had, and white and brown trout fishing off" the sand-banks. Dugort is a Protestant settlement established in the famine times of '47 by not altogether unquestionable methods. The little place is growing more and more popular as a tourist resort. Long cars meet the midday trains at Achill Sound.

    The highest summit on the island is Slievemore (2204 feet), the ascent of which is comparatively easy. CROAGHArN (2192 feet) is noticeable on account of its extraordinary 0115*8 descend ing to the Atlantic, in a steep incline of 60 degrees. They are

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 39

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Doogort, a Protestant settlement was established in the famine times of 1847 by methods the guide calls "not altogether unquestionable." Dugort was the chief town on the north of Achill Island. By the time this guide was written, the little place was growing more and more popular as a tourist resort. Mr. Sheridan, who owned the Slievemore, was known far and wide as one of the proprietor-hosts of Ireland. The Strand Hotel stood on the beach, where there was a magnificent strand and huts for bathers. Seal-shooting could be had, and white and brown trout fishing off the sand-banks. Long cars met the midday trains at Achill Sound. The highest summit on the island was Slievemore at 2204 feet, the ascent of which was comparatively easy.

58. Garbally House and Sheep Fair at Ballinasloe

    Ballinasloe · town · Galway

    Garbally House, seat of the Earl of Clancarty, stands on the right as one enters Ballinasloe. During the Sheep Fair the whole inner park is devoted to some 20,000 bleating sheep.

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    uncommon sight, presents a scene of overcrowding and business quite unique of its kind in Ireland. The stationmaster gives place to the barmaid of the refreshments and the lady-clerk of the telegraph ; in the cloak-room beds are substituted for valises ; and confusion reigns everywhere. On your right, as you enter the town, is Garbally House (Earl of Clancarty), and during the Sheep Fair the whole inner park is devoted to the use of some 20,000 bleating sheep. Within the town is bustle and bargaining. Exorbitant jarvies and excited horse-boys fill the road, or attempt, with maximum risk to life and limb, to thread their way through the groups of gaitered farmers. The latter are the most interesting figures on the street. Some, you will find, are remarkably tall, but none stout ; at our last visit to the fair, the fat farmer was as much a vara avis as a drunken one. On the look-out for mischief is the customary cordon of police, — a painful element of Irish gatherings at present ; and the dresses of the girls give colour to a crowd which, to an English eye, is as novel as it is interesting.

    Five miles distant is Aghrim, the scene of the battle (July 12, 1691) between the forces of William III. under De Ginckell and those of James II. under St. Ruth, in which the latter were completely defeated and their commander slain (St. Ruth's Bush marks the spot where he was buried). This battle is annually commemorated by the Orangemen on *'The Twelfth." Twenty-two miles west of Ballinasloe is

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballinasloe, Garbally House stands on the right as you enter the town, the seat of the Earl of Clancarty. During the Sheep Fair the whole inner park is given over to some 20,000 bleating sheep, and the town puts on a scene of overcrowding and business quite unique of its kind in Ireland. The stationmaster gives place to the barmaid of the refreshments and the lady-clerk of the telegraph; in the cloak-room beds are substituted for valises; and confusion reigns everywhere. Within the town is bustle and bargaining. Exorbitant jarvies and excited horse-boys fill the road, or attempt, with maximum risk to life and limb, to thread their way through the groups of gaitered farmers. The latter are the most interesting figures on the street. Some are remarkably tall, but none stout; at the time of the writer's last visit, the fat farmer was as much a rare bird as a drunken one. On the look-out for mischief is the customary cordon of police, a painful element of Irish gatherings at present. And the dresses of the girls give colour to a crowd which, to an English eye, is as novel as it is interesting.

59. Hare Island and Lord Castlemaine's improvements

    near Hare Island · townland · Galway

    Hare Island on Lough Ree no longer has any hares to explain its name. Lord Castlemaine, the tenant, has laid out the ground well.

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    the main building. " The monastery of Inisbofm (or White Cow Island) is, in some respects, the most interesting of any upon Lough Ree, because its foundation is attributed to St. Rioch, the nephew of St. Patrick, ... a Briton or Welshman by birth." On Hare Island no hares are now living to explain the name ; they have relinquished it in favour of the tenant, Lord Castlemaine, who has laid out the ground well. On the western shore is the interesting ruin of Rand own Castle, ''a famous spot in Irish liistory for the last 2000 years." In ancient times it was called John's (Eoin) House after a local Celtic saint; when the Normans, who hated the Celts, came and "established a castle of the Knights Hospitallers, they changed the dedication to that of St. John the Baptist." The caatle still stands, with a round tower, a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity,! and a fortified wall, "unique in Ireland."

    Atlilone is the most convenient station for visiting Lissoy, the supposed scene of Goldsmith's '' Deserted Village " ; and the celebrated ecclesiastical ruins of Clonmacnois on the Shannon.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Hare Island, on Lough Ree, there are no hares left to explain the name. They have relinquished it in favour of the tenant, Lord Castlemaine, who has laid out the ground well. The passage calls the monastery of Inisbofin, or White Cow Island, the most interesting of any upon Lough Ree, because its foundation is attributed to St. Rioch, the nephew of St. Patrick, a Briton or Welshman by birth. On the western shore stands the ruin of Randown Castle, called "a famous spot in Irish history for the last 2000 years." In ancient times it was called John's House, after a local Celtic saint. When the Normans came, who hated the Celts, they established a castle of the Knights Hospitallers and "changed the dedication to that of St. John the Baptist." The castle still stands, with a round tower, a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and a fortified wall said to be "unique in Ireland."

60. Joyce Country and the arrival of the Joyce family

    near Joyce Country · locality · Galway · 1272–1307

    Joyce Country encompasses the north of County Galway, including Killery, part of Lough Corrib, Lough Mask, and the Maamturk Mountains. The first Joyce is said to have come to Ireland in the reign of Edward I and acquired extensive property in Iar-Connacht; the Joyces are reputed the tallest and strongest race in Ireland.

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    The Joyce Country comprehends the north of the county of Gal way, including in its area Killery, part of Lough Corrib, Lough Mask, and the group of the Maamturk Mountains. The first Joyce is said to have come to Ireland in the reign of Edward I., and acquired extensive property in Jar-Connaught. The Joyces have the reputation of being the tallest and strongest race in Ireland.

    In Mv^EELREA (2688 feet), the noble mountain "which stands like a great watch-tower guarding the entrance to Killery Harbour," the Upper Silurian grits and conglomerates rise to their highest point in the west of Ireland. It is well worth ascending for the splendid views obtained : the hotel boatman is a good authority on the most convenient place for a start.

    Internet Archive guidetogalwaycon00lang, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    This stretch of road runs through Joyce Country, the north of County Galway, taking in Killery, part of Lough Corrib, Lough Mask, and the Maamturk Mountains. The first Joyce is said to have come to Ireland in the reign of Edward the First, between 1272 and 1307, and acquired extensive property in Iar-Connacht. The Joyces have the reputation of being the tallest and strongest race in Ireland. Mweelrea rises to 2688 feet, described as a great watch-tower guarding the entrance to Killery Harbour. Its Upper Silurian grits and conglomerates reach their highest point in the west of Ireland. The mountain is well worth ascending for the splendid views.