A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Dermot Mac Carty slain near Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1185–1200

   Dermot Mac Carty, king of Desmond, was slain by Theobald Walter with a party of the English while holding a conference with other Irish chiefs near Cork.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   “ This year Dermot Mac Carty, king of Desmond, was slain by Theobald Walter, with a party of the English, as he was holding a conference with other Irish chiefs near Cork.

   Richard 1 ' “ Donald Mac Carty demolished the castle of Imoa.d. 1196. killy, and killed many of the English ; he also plundered the castle of Kilfeakle. Colgan says there was a church in Muskery called by this name, Ecclesia deuis, from a tooth of Saint Patrick kept there. This castle probably stood near it, but the place is not now known. Soon after the English assembled their forces, which made up a good army, but by the interposition of some mediators, a peace was concluded, and both armies dispersed.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 112

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, you are near where Dermot Mac Carty, king of Desmond, was slain by Theobald Walter with a party of the English. He was holding a conference with other Irish chiefs near the city when it happened. Later, in 1196, Donald Mac Carty demolished the castle of Imokilly and killed many of the English. He also plundered the castle of Kilfeakle. Colgan says there was a church in Muskery called by this name, from a tooth of Saint Patrick kept there. This castle probably stood near it, but the place is not now known. Soon after, the English assembled their forces, which made up a good army, but by the interposition of some mediators, a peace was concluded, and both armies dispersed.

2. Desmond convenes rival assembly at Callan

   Callan · street · Tipperary · 1345

   Refusing to attend D'Ufford's parliament in Dublin on 7 June 1345, the Earl of Desmond appointed another assembly to meet at Callan in County Kilkenny, exercising authority in royal style and designating himself Lord of Deyse and of the Liberties of Kerry.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   The petition was well received and favourably answered, and Sir Raoul D’Ufford was sent to Ireland as Viceroy ; but his wife is said to have shown too much haughtiness of demeanour, and to have kept too much state, to please the colony. D’Ufforcl held, or at least summoned, a parliament in Dublin on the 7th June, 1345 ; but the Earl of Desmond refused to attend it, and appointed another assembly to meet at Callan, in the County Kilkenny. The earl was carrying

   i

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 127

   As the companion tells it

   In June 1345, Callan in County Kilkenny was where the Earl of Desmond set up a rival assembly. Sir Raoul D'Ufford, sent to Ireland as Viceroy, had summoned a parliament in Dublin on 7 June 1345. Desmond refused to attend. He appointed his own assembly, exercising authority in royal style and calling himself Lord of Deyse and of the Liberties of Kerry. D'Ufford's wife, it was said, showed too much haughtiness and kept too much state to please the colony.

3. Dispute over archbishopric of Armagh and English interference

   near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1200–1215

   On the death of O'Conor, archbishop of Armagh, three Englishmen claimed the office while Eugene, an Irish ecclesiastic, was validly elected. King John forced suffragan bishops to obey, but Celtic chieftains defied the mandate. John Comin was the first Englishman appointed to an Episcopal See in Ireland.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   9. John Comin was the first Englishman appointed to an Episcopal See in Ireland. So cruel and repacious were the Norman settlers that this English archbishop was obliged to interfere with the sternest measures to protect the rights of the Church, and, as a last resource, he publicly excommunicated the Lord Justice. All this is mentioned in English authorities. It is not mentioned in Froude’s romance. His sins of omission and com¬ mission are far too numerous to notice, and would be passed by with silent indifference, if they were not likely to be taken for gospel by those who have not opportunities of obtaining reliable information .—Frym, vol. ii. , p. 240. Ware’s Bishop, &c., &c.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 118

   As the companion tells it

   Armagh sits along this road, a town tied to one of the sharpest disputes in the Irish Church. John Comin was the first Englishman appointed to an episcopal see in Ireland. The Norman settlers were so cruel and rapacious that this English archbishop was obliged to interfere with the sternest measures to protect the rights of the Church. As a last resource, he publicly excommunicated the Lord Justice. All of this is recorded in English authorities, though one writer, Froude, left it out of his work, and those who rely on him may never hear what happened here.

4. Edmund Mortimer died in Dominican Abbey, Cork

   Cork · city · Cork

   Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died at Cork on St. Stephen's Day in the Dominican Abbey. John Cotton, Dean of St. Patrick's Dublin, was elected as his replacement and sworn in at the Convent of the Preaching Friars.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   “ This year Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, died at Cork, being Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, on St. Stephen’s Day, in the Dominican Abbey ; and on the 27th, John Cotton, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was elected in his room, and sworn in Cork, in the Convent of the Preaching Friars.

   1383- “A great pestilence in this country.2

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 139

   As the companion tells it

   As the road passes through Cork, you are near where Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died on St. Stephen's Day in the Dominican Abbey. On the 27th, John Cotton, Dean of St. Patrick's Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was elected in his place and sworn in at the Convent of the Preaching Friars. That year, 1383, a great pestilence swept the country.

5. Execution of James Sussex at Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1580

   James Sussex was seized early in 1580 by Cormac MacCarthy, sheriff of Cork, and taken to Cork where he was imprisoned for a month. An order from Dublin directed the mayor to put him to death and quarter him, which was carried out.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   i: James was taken to Cork, and after a month’s imprison¬ ment, during which time he daily prepared himself for death, “an order came from Dublin from the lord justice and the council, ordering the mayor to put that noble forth to death, and cut him in quarters and little pieces.” This was accordingly done.

   Preparations were made by the English immediately after Christmas for what they hoped would prove a war of exter-

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 212

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, you are in the city where James Sussex was brought in 1580. He was seized by Cormac MacCarthy, sheriff of Cork, and held prisoner here for a month. He prepared himself for death each day. Then an order came from Dublin, from the lord justice and the council, ordering the mayor to put him to death and cut him in quarters and little pieces. This was done.

6. Fermoy territory granted to druid Mogh Ruith

   Fermoy · townland · Cork · 220

   After the victory over Cormac Mac Airt's invaders around AD 220, the territory of Magh Meine (Fermoy) was granted to the druid Mogh Ruith as a reward. His descendants, including families of O'Dugan and O'Cronin, continued to inhabit the district.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   4. Magh Meine was the ancient name of Fermoy, by which it was known until Munster was invaded by Cormac Mac Airt about A.D. 220. He encamped at Drom Damhghaire, now Rnocklong, in the Co. Limerick. Mogk Ruith, a famous Druid, was sent for from Oilean Daicke, now the island of Valentia, to assist the Munster men. He did this so effectually, that they obtained a splendid victory, and drove out the. invaders. Magh Meine was conferred on the Druid in reward for his services ; it was called Fearn Moga, or the and of Muga, ” as written in some old MSS. His tribe and family, who settled down in this territory, took the tribe name of Fer Mugia, i.e., “the men of Mugar, anglicised Fermoy ; and the race of Mogh Ruth continue to inhabit there even to this day in the families of O’Dugan, O’Cronin, and others in that and the neighbouring districts. The folio whig extract from MS. Book of Lismore further illustrates its names :

   “They then sent for the clay of Comlehaille Meic Con., i.e., the Caile (or land) o Mene,” son of Ere, son of Deaghaidli, which is called Fir Mulghe, i.e., Fermoy, to¬ day. The reason it is called Caile Meic n Eirce is because his sons dwelt there, namely, Mene, son of Ere, and Uatha, son of Ere, and Ailbhe, son of Ere. Another name for it was Fir Muighe Mene, so called because of the abundance of the minerals contained in the mountains around it, and because there are minerals in all the fields around it also. Another name for it was Corr Chaille Meic Con, because it was the patrimony of the Clann Dairine ; and it is in it Rossachna-Righ is, i.e. , Ross-na-Righ, the ancient burial place of the Kings of Munster ; and it is there Mac Con was till the time of the battle of Ceann Abrath.”

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 86

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here is the territory once known as Magh Meine, the ancient name of Fermoy. The story goes back to about the year 220, when Cormac Mac Airt invaded Munster. He encamped at Drom Damhghaire, now Knocklong in County Limerick. The Munster men sent for a famous druid called Mogh Ruith, who was brought from Oilean Daicke, the island now known as Valentia. He assisted them so effectually that they won a splendid victory and drove out the invaders. As a reward for his services, Magh Meine was conferred on the druid. It came to be called Fearn Moga, "the land of Muga," as written in some old manuscripts. His tribe and family settled in this territory and took the tribe name Fer Mugia, meaning "the men of Muga," which was anglicised as Fermoy. The race of Mogh Ruith continued to inhabit the district, in the families of O'Dugan and O'Cronin, and others there and in the neighbouring districts. The Book of Lismore gives more on its names. It was called Caile Meic n Eirce, because the sons of Ere dwelt there, namely Mene, Uatha, and Ailbhe. It was also called Fir Muighe Mene, because of the abundance of minerals in the mountains and in all the fields around it. Another name was Corr Chaille Meic Con, because it was the patrimony of the Clann Dairine. And it is here that Ross-na-Righ lies, the ancient burial place of the Kings of Munster, and where Mac Con remained until the time of the battle of Ceann Abrath.

7. Florence MacCarthy approaches Cork with 300 troops

   Cork · city · Cork · 1600

   After writing to Sir Henry Power seeking protection to parley, Florence MacCarthy came within two miles of Cork with 300 Connaught men, and the council gave him ward.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   “ Tike case thus standing, Florence Mac Carthy yet for all this pollitikely and imprudently, gives it forth in private messages to his friends in the towns where he is well favoured, especially in Kinsall, that he continueth loyall to her Majestie, and did what is dene in deep pollicie to Coossen Tirone by warr1 out of England, for the better safety of himself and his countries. The Irish do beleeve this, and hold him for that a good subject, yea and of the English also, not knowing that this was the verie practise of O’Neyll himself at his first entrance into action of rebellion, to dally with the state and the world e, until he had fitted himself, as your honor best knoweth. Florence being in camp besides Kinsall with O’Neyll, had thereout upon his left1;* from his friends bottells of wyne and better relief. I cannot but deliver this unto your honor, wishing it might be looked unto with other of the Towne’s doings. The 2 7th of the last Florence wrote unto Sir Henry Power for protection to parley with him. The council did agree, and gave him ward. The day following comes Florence within two miles of Cork with 300 Connaugh

   1. Lord Barry was warned repeatedly that he woujd suffer for it if he did not join the national party. He was, at least, nominally a Catholic, and the Bishop of Cork joined his entreaties to those of O’Neil and others, enjoining him to help his persecuted brethren. But Lord Barry seems to have had more regard .for the herds of Ibawn, his kine, and his mares, and his garans, than for his religion.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 241

   As the companion tells it

   As you near Cork, this is where Florence MacCarthy came with 300 Connaught men in 1600, close to the city. The case stood thus. Florence MacCarthy gave out in private messages to his friends in the towns where he was well favoured, especially Kinsale, that he continued loyal to her Majesty, and had done what was done in deep policy to cozen Tyrone by war out of England, for the better safety of himself and his countries. The Irish believed this and held him a good subject, and so did some of the English, not knowing that this was the very practice of O'Neill himself at his first entrance into rebellion, to dally with the state and the world until he had fitted himself. Florence, being in camp beside Kinsale with O'Neill, had from his friends bottles of wine and better relief. This was delivered with the wish that it might be looked into, along with other of the town's doings. On the 27th of the last month, Florence wrote to Sir Henry Power for protection to parley with him. The council agreed and gave him ward. The following day, Florence came within two miles of Cork with 300 Connaught men.

8. Founding of Inniscarra and its name

   Inishcarra · parish · Cork

   St. Senan founded a church at Tuaim-na-mba on the river Lee, but a local chief demanded rent and left his horse to be maintained by the monastery. The horse drowned in the river, leaving only its quarters (carra), which gave the place the name Inniscarra.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   an angel appeared to liim, and told him to found a chnrch and assemble his disciples around him. St. Senan went to Tuaim-na-mba , on the side of the river Linne (Lee), and there founded his church. But the local chief ordered him off his ground and demanded rent, and at last sent his horse to be maintained at the expense of the monastery. “ The steed,” says the chronicler, “ fell into the river and was drowned, and nothing remained but her quarters, (carra). Hence the place was called Inniscarra .”

   St. Senan left eight disciples here with St. Cillian under the protection of Fechin, son of Faighe, King of Muscraighe , who was a disciple of St. Senan.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 93

   As the companion tells it

   This parish takes its name from a story about St. Senan. An angel appeared to him and told him to found a church and gather his disciples. He went to Tuaim-na-mba on the river Lee and built it there. But the local chief ordered him off the ground and demanded rent, and at last sent his horse to be maintained at the expense of the monastery. The chronicler says the steed fell into the river and was drowned, and nothing remained but her quarters, carra. Hence the place was called Inniscarra. St. Senan left eight disciples here with St. Cillian, under the protection of Fechin, son of Faighe, King of Muscraighe, who was himself a disciple of St. Senan.

9. Franciscan Father Mooney's visit to Dr. Creagh

   Cork · city · Cork · 1599

   In 1599, Franciscan Father Mooney visited Dr. Creagh, the persecuted Bishop of Cork, during a period of harrowing anxiety when the bishop shared the perils of the Irish chieftains' camp, ministering religious comforts to them amid the devastation of southern Ireland.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   On the 31st of October, 1595, a brief was addressed to “ Dermitio Episcopo Corcagiensi,” commissioning him to grant some ecclesiastical livings to Owen Mac Egan, who a few years later became Vicar Apostolic of Eoss. In 1599 Dr. Creagh was visited by the Franciscan Father Mooney, who in his History of the Order, commemorating this visit, describes the bishop as vir valde prudens et in rebus agendis versatus.” This must have been a period of harrowing anxiety for the bishop. His diocese was laid waste by fire and sword, the Irish chieftains driven to arms by the iniquitous policy of the agents of Elizabeth, having made the southern districts of Ireland the theatre of their struggle. Dr. Creagh shared the perils of their camp, ministering to them the comforts of

   religion.8

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 182

   As the companion tells it

   As you come through Cork, this is a city whose story in 1599 turns on a hunted bishop. Dr. Creagh held the see of Cork that year, and the Franciscan Father Mooney came to visit him. Mooney, writing later in his History of the Order, called the bishop a man, in his words, valde prudens et in rebus agendis versatus, very prudent and experienced in affairs. It must have been a harrowing time. The diocese had been laid waste by fire and sword. The Irish chieftains, driven to arms by the iniquitous policy of the agents of Elizabeth, had made the southern districts of Ireland the theatre of their struggle. Creagh shared the perils of their camp and ministered to them the comforts of religion.

10. Geraldine fortress of Ardnagragh above Castleisland

    Ardnagragh · sub-townland · Kerry

    The fortress of Ardnagragh stood in a mountain defile above Castleisland and commanded the pass into O'Keeffe's country. Kilmurry and Ballymac Luodam were held by the Geraldines in the same neighbourhood.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The fortress of Ardnagragh stood in a mountain defile above Castleisland, and commanded the pass into 0 Keeffe s country, and the Kerry and Cork O’Keeffes were men of mettle in those warlike times. Kilmurry and Bally mac Luodam were in the same neighbourhood, and were also held by the Geraldines. A stone coffin was dug up in the churchyard of Kilnanonain during the present century, which was believed to have contained the remains of the once famous earl. Some modem barbarian broke it up for his limekiln — “ an act of gratuitous mischief,” observes a writer in the Kerry Magazine , on whose authority I give the above statement, “ in a district where limestone is abundant.”

    The traditions of the county give Owen Moriarty the obloquy of being the murderer of the earl, and his own depo¬ sitions are quite sufficient evidence of his complicity, though, from an apparently accidental circumstance, he did not strike the fatal blow. Owen went by the name of Droghbeada (of the bad English), which tells a good deal. From this it is evident that he must have had some intercourse with the English, and was probably willing to be on their side, and to resist any demand which the earl might make upon him for assistance.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 232

    As the companion tells it

    This is the Geraldine fortress of Ardnagragh above Castleisland. It stood in a mountain defile, commanding the pass into O'Keeffe's country. The Kerry and Cork O'Keeffes were men of mettle in those warlike times. Kilmurry and Ballymac Luodam were in the same neighbourhood, and were also held by the Geraldines. A stone coffin was dug up in the churchyard of Kilnanonain during the present century, believed to have contained the remains of the once famous earl. Some modern barbarian broke it up for his limekiln, "an act of gratuitous mischief," observes a writer in the Kerry Magazine, "in a district where limestone is abundant." The traditions of the county give Owen Moriarty the obloquy of being the murderer of the earl. His own depositions are quite sufficient evidence of his complicity, though from an apparently accidental circumstance he did not strike the fatal blow. Owen went by the name of Droghbeada, of the bad English, which tells a good deal. From this it is evident that he must have had some intercourse with the English, and was probably willing to be on their side, and to resist any demand which the earl might make upon him for assistance.

11. Illustrious burials at Cork Grey Friary

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1247–1413

    Many illustrious persons were interred at the Grey Friary, including Cormac Mac Don, King of Desmond (1247), MacFinn (1249), Dermot the Fat (1275), Donald Rufus (1300), and Thady son of Donald, King of Desmond (1413).

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “ Many illustrious persons were interred here, particularly Cormac Mac Donald, King of Desmond, in 1247 ; MacFinn, who was killed in the Lord Stanton’s court in 1 249 ; Dermot, surnamed the Fat, in 1275; Donald Rufus, in 1300; and Thady, the son of Donald, King of Desmond, in 1413.

    “ The Franciscans of this monastery were called the friars of Scandum.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 416

    As the companion tells it

    Shandon was home to the Grey Friary, where many illustrious persons were interred. Cormac Mac Donald, King of Desmond, was buried there in 1247. MacFinn, killed in the Lord Stanton's court, followed in 1249. Dermot, surnamed the Fat, in 1275. Donald Rufus in 1300. And Thady, son of Donald, King of Desmond, in 1413. The Franciscans of this monastery were called the friars of Scandum.

12. Knockninoss bones in Buttevant crypt

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1647

    The crypt of Buttevant friary contains an immense collection of bones and skulls, possibly remains of those who fell at the battle of Knockninoss on 13 November 1647. Some bones were brought from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg by a farmer who had acquired the abbey-land and graveyard.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    corporate town, and to judge from its ruins it must have been of considerable importance. The Barrys ruled here with regal splendour, and almost with royal power. Smith says : — “ This whole town seems formerly to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses” (History of Cork , vol. i, p. 315), and it merited from Burlase the eulogy that “it was an old nest of abbots and friars.” Ward, in his MS. History, gives the following account of the Franciscan Convent of Buttevant : — “ It was built in 1251, and was placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were several times driven away from it, and some of them were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings, with the exception of the church, were mined, and that was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility there buried, but all the images were broken. Still some of the friars continued to reside there — partly in the conventual buildings, or their ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood.” Wadding also writes regarding this place, Buttefanie, or Buttevanie : — “ The town was formerly large and frequented, now it is reduced and poor. Two illustrious families — the Barrys and the Lombards — had their residence there. Some say that the convent was erected by the Barrys, others by the Pendergasts, but I think it was by the Barrys, whose magni¬ ficent tomb was erected in the middle of the choir, and whose family always evinced their piety towards our order. In the church are many sepulchres of nobles. It is wonderful with what care the friars have repaired some of the ruins of this convent. . In the crypt is an immense collection of bones and skulls, which are probably supposed to be the remains of those who fell in the sanguinary battle of Knockninoss, on the 1 3th of November, 1647. Among those who were slain on this occasion are the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. It is said, however, that a great portion of these human bones were brought to this church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile distant, by a farmer who got possession of the abbey-land and graveyard, and who was justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 394

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Buttevant was once what one writer called an old nest of abbots and friars. The Barrys ruled here with regal splendour, and their magnificent tomb stood in the middle of the choir of the Franciscan convent. That convent was built in 1251 and placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were driven away several times, and some were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings were ruined except the church, which was preserved because of the tombs of the nobility buried there. The images were all broken. Still, some friars continued to live among the ruins or nearby, and the friars worked to repair what they could. Two families, the Barrys and the Lombards, had their residences in the town. Some said the Barrys founded the convent, others the Pendergasts, but Wadding thought it was the Barrys, whose family always showed devotion to the order. In the church are many sepulchres of nobles. Down in the crypt lies an immense collection of bones and skulls, probably the remains of those who fell at the battle of Knockninoss on the 13th of November 1647. Among those slain was the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. Yet a great portion of these bones were brought to the church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile away. A farmer who had acquired the abbey-land and graveyard carried them there, justly solicitous, as the record says, to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.

13. Lord justice departs Carrigafoyle for Askeaton after five days

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1580

    After taking Carrigafoyle Castle by cannon bombardment, the lord justice remained in it for five days. At the end of that time he went to Askeaton, marking the next stage of the campaign against the Desmonds.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “ As for the lord justice, he ordered the great ordnance sent to him to be landed, and he placed five great guns opposite the rock, to play upon it without mercy. It was said that tbe least of these guns was a dimi-cannon.9 He then began to storm the castle, and there was not a solitude, a wilderness, a declivity, or woody vale, from the Cain of Breas, the son of Ealathan, son of Neid, in the south west of the province of Cl n un Deirgthine to Cnoc-Meaclha-Sinil, in Connacht, in which the sound and roar of these unknown and wonderful cannon were not heard. The western side of Carraic-an-phuil was at length broken from the top to the foundation, and the warders were crushed to death by its fall. The lord justice then took the castle, and remained in it five days after he had taken it, and at the end of that time he went to Askeaton.”

    This is, perhaps, as fine a piece of hyperbole as ever was written, but there can be no doubt that the roar of the cannon, and still more its effect, left a long and vivid impression in the wilds of Kerry.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the lord justice brought his campaign in 1580. He had come from Carrigafoyle Castle, which he took by force of cannon. He ordered the great ordnance sent to him to be landed, and placed five great guns opposite the rock to play upon it without mercy. The least of these guns was a demi-cannon. He then began to storm the castle. The western side of Carraic-an-phuil was at length broken from the top to the foundation, and the warders were crushed to death by its fall. The roar of those cannon was said to carry across the entire province, from the south west to Connacht, through every solitude and woody vale, though the chronicle that tells us this may be stretching the truth. What is certain is that the lord justice took the castle and remained in it five days after he had taken it. At the end of that time he went to Askeaton, carrying the war against the Desmonds onward. The sound of the guns and the ruin they caused left a long and vivid impression in the wilds of Kerry.

14. Maurice Fitzgerald founds Franciscan monastery at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1232–1257

    Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Offaley and Lord Justice of Ireland, founded the Franciscan monastery at Youghal in 1232 and was buried in its Church of the Friars Minors upon his death in 1257.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    1257. t-This year died Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Offaley, who was one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, by commission dated September 2nd, 1232. He was buried in the Church of the Friars Minors at Youghal, which monastery he founded in 1232. The king in the year 1216 granted a

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 113

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal holds the remains of Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Offaley and one of the Lords Justices of Ireland. He founded the Franciscan monastery here in 1232, and was buried in its Church of the Friars Minors when he died in 1257.

15. Penal statutes renewed in Dublin under James I

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1605–1606

    James I was proclaimed in Dublin on 28 December, declaring no toleration for any religion other than that of the established church. Penal statutes were renewed and enforced with increased severity, leading to imprisonment of Corporation members and principal citizens of Dublin.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The penal statutes were renewed, and enforced with in¬ creased severity. Several members of the Corporation and some of the principal citizens of Dublin were sent to prison ; similiar outrages on religious liberty were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these gentle¬ men were only asked to attend the Protestant church once, but they nobly refused to act against their conscience even once, though it should procure them freedom from imprison¬ ment, or even death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation for the faith at this period to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated “Waterford, 1st of May, 1606.” He says : — “ There is scarcely a spot were Catholics can find a safe retreat. The impious soldiery, by day and night, pursue the defenceless priests, and mercilessly persecute them. Up to the present

    348

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 283

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dublin, this is the city where, in 1605, penal statutes were renewed and enforced with increased severity under James I, who was proclaimed on 28 December, declaring no toleration for any religion other than that of the established church. Several members of the Corporation and principal citizens were sent to prison. Similar outrages on religious liberty were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these gentlemen were only asked to attend the Protestant church once, but they refused to act against their conscience even once, though it should procure them freedom from imprisonment or even death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation for the faith to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated Waterford, 1st of May, 1606. He wrote: "There is scarcely a spot where Catholics can find a safe retreat."

16. Rebels slay Lord Stephen of Exeter and others in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1315–1317

    Connaught rebels animated by Bruce's success entered the province and slew Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles de Cogan, and eighty of the Barrys and Lawlers.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “ The English assembled an army of 30,000 men at Kilkenny ; and in Easter week, 1317, Sir Roger de Mortimer, who was appointed Lord Justice, landed at Youghal with 38 knights, upon whose arrival Bruce fled into Ulster, but he was pursued by the Lord Justice, who encountering him slew him and most of his men, and presented his head to King Edward II. The Connaught rebels being animated with the success gained by Bruce on his first arrival, entered this province and slew the Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles de Cogan, and eighty of the Barrys and Lawlers.

    Edward 11., “ Alexander Becknor, Archbishop of Dublin and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 115

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork. The English assembled an army of 30,000 men at Kilkenny, and in Easter week, 1317, Sir Roger de Mortimer, appointed Lord Justice, landed at Youghal with 38 knights. Bruce fled into Ulster, but the Lord Justice pursued him, slew him and most of his men, and presented his head to King Edward II. The Connaught rebels, animated with the success gained by Bruce on his first arrival, entered this province and slew Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles de Cogan, and eighty of the Barrys and Lawlers.

17. Richard Gold's wheat seized for Lady Carew

    near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1600–1603

    Richard Gold, who was arraigned for attempting the fort of Haulbowline, proved that the late lord president's steward seized twenty barrels of his wheat for Lady Carew without payment, and offered only depreciated coin in compensation.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    8 Smith says “ Richard Gold, who was arranged for attempting the fort of Halbowlin, proved that the late lord president’s steward took from him twenty barrels of wheat for the Lady Carew, without paying for it ; and he going for his money, wouM eive him but 20s. of the new standard for every barrel, which he would not accept, but desired a bill to receive it in England of the lord president. The wheat, he says, cost 7m in France 19s. a barrel, in silver money, besides his charges, and to oblige the pre¬ sident, he offered to sell it for his own money again.” MSS. at Lismore.

    23—2

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 277

    As the companion tells it

    Near Haulbowline Island, a man named Richard Gold was arraigned for attempting the fort there. He proved that the late lord president's steward seized twenty barrels of his wheat for Lady Carew, without paying for it. When Gold went seeking his money, the steward would give him but 20 shillings of the new standard for every barrel. He would not accept it. He asked for a bill to receive his payment in England from the lord president. Gold said the wheat cost him 19 shillings a barrel in silver in France, besides his charges, and to oblige the president, he offered to sell it back for his own money again.

18. Round Tower and Sacred Stone at Kinneigh

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork

    A high round tower stood in the south-west corner of Kinneigh churchyard, and the church was thought to have formerly been a cathedral. A sacred stone in the south-west corner of the church was used by the Irish for solemn oaths, and a tradition held that a medicinally powerful well in the churchyard had been stopped up because the concourse of pilgrims was too costly for inhabitants.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kinneigh, a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. It is supposed that this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone in the south-west corner of the church is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well of great medicinal virtue. The concourse of people became very chargeable to the inhabitants, and they stopped it up. This was a landscape of Catholic observance. From Bantry by the sea-side, ruins of an abbey that belonged to the Franciscans stand. No other religious houses are heard of in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon, and the Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all tenants not to admit them. In the parish of Skull, about 4 Protestant families and about 400 Papist families are found. There is no glebe, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe, ruins of a chapel dedicated to St. Mullagh stand at the west end of the town. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed. In all the O'Sullivan's country, St. Rooane's Day is kept as a holiday. The Catholics had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers, an injustice of the gravest kind. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence.

19. Silver and copper coins struck at Cork, 1647

    Cork · city · Cork · 1646–1647

    In 1647, silver shillings and sixpenny pieces were struck at Cork, likely the last silver coins of Cork mintage. Copper and brass pieces were also struck about the same time, including square coins bearing a castle and the date 1646.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    In 1647, shillings and six-penny pieces m silver were struck

    at Cork, and are propably the last silver coins we have of Cork mintage. Some copper and brass pieces were also struck here about the same time ; of these, two lately discovered are square, one of them bearing a castle on one side and Cork on the other, the date 1646. The second bears, m a small circle, the word “ Corke,” under a crown, the other side is

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 411

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, you are travelling through a city that once minted its own coins. In 1647, silver shillings and sixpenny pieces were struck here, and they are probably the last silver coins of Cork mintage. Around the same time, copper and brass pieces were struck too. Two recently discovered ones are square. One bears a castle on one side and Cork on the other, dated 1646. The second bears, in a small circle, the word "Corke" under a crown.}

20. Sir James Cotter raises funds and seizes shoes in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690

    Sir James Cotter, a staunch adherent of the Stuarts, was empowered to raise £200 in County Cork for the king's service and to seize 600 pairs of shoes that Captain MacGillicuddy had possessed himself of, suggesting the MacGillicuddys had gone over to the winning side.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    r. Want of shoes for his soldiers was one of Marlborough’s special troubles. He had five hundred men before Kinsale and not a hundred pair of shoes among them, “ and shoes were not to be got for money, even if he had it.” Sir James Cotter, who was a staunch adherent of the Stuarts, was empowered to raise ,£200 in the Co. Cork for the king’s service, and further got an order to seize 600 pair of shoes which Captain Mac Gil ly cuddy had possessed himself of. From this it would appear that the Mac Gilly cuddys had gone over to the winning side.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 305

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1690, was a city short of shoes. Marlborough had 500 men before Kinsale and not 100 pairs among them, and shoes were not to be got for money. Sir James Cotter, a staunch adherent of the Stuarts, was empowered to raise £200 in County Cork for the king's service. He further got an order to seize 600 pairs of shoes which Captain MacGillicuddy had possessed himself of. From this it would appear that the MacGillicuddys had gone over to the winning side.

21. Slaughter of foreigners at Dun-main in west of Ireland

    Dunmain · townland · Wexford · 869

    In 869 there was an extensive slaughter of Danish foreigners at Dun-main in the west of Ireland. The fort was demolished, and the victors included men of Kerry, Limerick, and the Eognachists of Loch Lein.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    In 869 there was “ an extensively and indescribable slaughter of the foreigners at Dun-main, in the west of Ireland.” The Dim was demolished, and was probably a stronghold of the Danes. The victors were the men of Kerry under Congalach, the men of Limerick under Flannery, and the Eognachists of Loch Lein under Conlegan. Amlaff, the Danish chief, plundered Lismore about this time, but the men

    8. Chronicum Scotorom — Trian Corcaighe, the third part or quarter of Cork.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Dunmain, in 869, there was what the old record calls an extensively and indescribable slaughter of the foreigners. It was probably a stronghold of the Danes, and the fort was demolished. The victors were the men of Kerry under Congalach, the men of Limerick under Flannery, and the Eognachists of Loch Lein under Conlegan. Around this same time Amlaff, the Danish chief, plundered Lismore.

22. Smerwick fort described as fortified rampart with flankers

    Smerwick · townland · Kerry · 1580

    The Italian and Spanish forces at Smerwick built a rampart eighteen feet high with artificially constructed flankers, extending from the rock called Smerwick into the land. Ormond was forced to withdraw due to lack of victuals, great ordnance, and munitions.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “ The place whereon they fortifie is from the rock called Smerwicke into the land, where they made a rampere of 18 foot high, as I might guess it, and flankers artificially wrought. Want of vitual, grete ordnance, and munitions, forced me to leave the place, and to return towards my lord deputy, who advertised me of his being at Limerick.

    “ As I marched back towards my lord deputie, spials brought me word that Desmond, with 500 of the foreign enemy, were going towards Connillogh. and camped at a place called Killennturnye, where I came so suddenly upon them as they were forced to leave c-ertayne of their stuffe, as pannyeers (panniers), table and altar-cloths, chalices, books, and other such furniture (said to be the nuncio’s), also some vitual and munition.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 219

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Smerwick, in 1580, Italian and Spanish forces built a fortification running from the rock called Smerwick into the land. They raised a rampart eighteen feet high with flankers, as one observer put it, "artificially wrought." Ormond besieged the place but had to withdraw. He lacked victuals, great ordnance, and munitions, so he left and marched back towards the lord deputy, who had sent word he was at Limerick. On the way, spies brought him news that Desmond, with 500 of the foreign enemy, was heading towards Connillogh and had camped at a place called Killennturnye. Ormond came upon them so suddenly they were forced to leave behind certain of their belongings: panniers, table and altar-cloths, chalices, books, and other such furniture, said to be the nuncio's, along with some victual and munition.

23. St. Finbar's first cell at Gougane Barra

    near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork · 600–623

    St. Finbar founded his first cell at the source of the river Lee, in the district of Lough Allua, now known as Gougane-Barra (St. Barra or Finbar's rock cleft). The name preserves the saint's association with this scenic lakeside location.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    When St. Finbar established his monastery at Cork, it was a low, marshy swamp.1 The river Lee flowed through the . centre of the plain, and when it overflowed its waters the whole country appeared like one vast lake, which was then called Loch Ire. It was at the source of this river that St.

    I inbar 'founded his first cell, in the beautiful and lovely district of Lough Allua , now known as Gougane-Barra (St. Barra or Finbar’s rock cleft). Colgan says : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes near Gougane Barra, where St. Finbar founded his first cell at the source of the river Lee, in the district of Lough Allua. The name means St. Barra or Finbar's rock cleft. Later, when Finbar established his monastery at Cork, that ground was a low, marshy swamp. The river Lee flowed through the centre of the plain, and when it overflowed, the whole country appeared like one vast lake, called Loch Ire.

24. Sword and king's castle granted to Cork mayor (1537)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1537

    In the 28th year of Henry VIII's reign (1537), the king granted William Coppinger, then mayor of Cork, and his successors the right to have a sword carried before them, and granted custody of the king's castle to the mayor and successors. No sheriff of the county of Cork was to have anything to do with the castle.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    power to commit felons, and to erect a gallows for their execution ; all fines, waifs, strays, goods of felons, etc., to go to the use of the city. The same prince, in the 28th year of his reign, for the honour and munificence of this city, granted to William Coppenger, then mayor, and to his successors, to have a sword, decently sheathed and adorned, carried before them in the said city and liberties thereof ; and granted the custody of the king’s castle to him and his successors until the king should signify his pleasure to the contrary ; and that in the meantime no sheriff of the county of Cork shall have anything to do with the said castle or any matter touching the same. And that the mayor, bailiff, and commonality may employ an agent for them in England to provide and buy them forty suits of armour, with liberty to ship them from England to Cork without molestation. (Tiste Rege apud, Westmon 11, Martii Au Regu, Sui 28, viz., 1587).

    As the privileges of the city were renewed and confirmed by King Edward VI., by a new charter, dated May 9th, ann. reg. 3, 1543, in which, besides the foregoing privileges, the following are added : — No foreigner to buy corn, wool, leather, etc., but of the citizens in the city, nor to sell wine but in his shop, nor merchandise longer than forty days without licence from the mayor. No citizen to be arrested for debt out of the city. The goods of citizens dying intestate not to be claimed by the crown. Power to the citizens to match their children as they shall think .proper, and that they shall have reasonable guilds as in Bristol.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork now. This city carries an old mark of royal favour from 1537, the 28th year of Henry the Eighth's reign. The king granted William Coppinger, then mayor of Cork, and his successors after him, the right to have a sword carried before them. The sword was to be decently sheathed and adorned, and it was to go before them through the city and its liberties. In the same grant the king gave the custody of his castle to the mayor and his successors, to hold until the king should signify his pleasure to the contrary. No sheriff of the county of Cork was to have anything to do with the said castle or any matter touching it. The mayor, bailiff, and commonality were also permitted to employ an agent in England to buy them 40 suits of armour, with liberty to ship them from England to Cork without molestation. These privileges were later renewed and confirmed by King Edward the Sixth in a new charter dated May the 9th, 1543. That charter added more. No foreigner could buy corn, wool, or leather but of the citizens in the city, nor sell wine but in his shop, nor merchandise longer than 40 days without licence from the mayor. No citizen could be arrested for debt out of the city. The goods of citizens dying intestate were not to be claimed by the crown. Citizens had power to match their children as they thought proper, and to have reasonable guilds as in Bristol.

25. Turgesius the Dane drowned in Lough Owel

    Lough Owel · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Turgesius, the great Danish champion, was captured and drowned in Loch Uair (now Lough Owel, near Mullingar, Co. Westmeath) by Mael Sechlainn, King of Meath, who soon afterwards became Monarch of Ireland. The Annals of Ulster date the event to 844.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Turgesius, the great Danish champion, was drowned in Loch Uair1 by Mael Sechlainn , the King of Meath, who soon afterwards became Monarch of Ireland. He was the successor of Feidh Limidh , King of Munster, of whom a very contra¬ dictory story is told. The Chronicum Scotorum describes him as “ the best of the Scoti,” as “ a scribe and an anchorite,”

    and puts his quievit in 84 7> with this quatrain :

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 59

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up along Lough Owel, near Mullingar in Westmeath. In 844, Turgesius, the great Danish champion, was drowned in this lake by Mael Sechlainn, King of Meath, who soon afterwards became Monarch of Ireland. The lake was then called Loch Uair. Mael Sechlainn was the successor of Feidh Limidh, King of Munster, of whom the Chronicum Scotorum says he was

26. University authorized at Drogheda

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1462

    During Earl Thomas FitzGerald's time of office as Deputy-Governor, an act was passed authorizing the establishment of a university at Drogheda with privileges similar to those enjoyed at Oxford.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    eight fellows, and eight choristers. An act was also passed during his time of office authorizing the establishment of a university at Drogheda, with similar privileges to those then enjoyed at Oxford for the creation of bachelors, masteis, and doctors in all sciences and faculties.

    He was opposed by the English settlers in Meath, probably on account of his intimate connection with the native race ; but he obtained an easy victory, with the assistance of O’Donnell, and his uncle, Mac William de Burgh. He had powerful connections, if that could have saved him from his fate, for Joan, the daughter of Earl James, had married Thomas, Earl of Kildare.7

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 131

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Drogheda now. Back in 1462, during Earl Thomas Fitzgerald's time as Deputy-Governor, an act was passed authorizing the establishment of a university here, with privileges similar to those enjoyed at Oxford, for creating bachelors, masters, and doctors in all sciences and faculties. Fitzgerald faced opposition from the English settlers in Meath, probably because of his intimate connection with the native race. He won an easy victory with the assistance of O'Donnell and his uncle, Mac William de Burgh. He had powerful connections, if that could have saved him from his fate, for Joan, the daughter of Earl James, had married Thomas, Earl of Kildare.

27. Vatican description of walled city of Ross and cathedral

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1517

    A consistorial investigation preserved in the Vatican Archives describes the city of Ross as consisting of about two hundred houses encompassed by a wall, situated in a fertile plain along the seashore. The cathedral church, dedicated to St. Fachnan, had walls of cut stone, a wooden roof covered with slates, and an interior in the form of a cross.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    « The city of Ross was situated in the province of Cashel, in the middle of a vast plain which stretched along the sea¬ shore. It consisted of about two hundred houses, and was encompassed with a wall. The country around was fertile, yielding an abundance of corn and fruit. In the centre of the town was the cathedral church, dedicated under the invocation of St. Fachnan, an Irish saint confessor, whose feast is celebrated on the vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The walls of the church were of cut stone, and it had two entrances— one lateral, the other in front ; and m both you descended by three steps to the level of the church Its floor was unpaved, and its roof was of wood, covered with slates. The interior of the church presented the form of a

    1

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 162

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Ross Carbery in Cork, there is a record from 1517, a consistorial investigation kept in the Vatican Archives, that described this place as a city of about 200 houses encompassed by a wall, sitting in the middle of a fertile plain along the seashore. The country around yielded an abundance of corn and fruit. In the centre of the town stood the cathedral church, dedicated to St. Fachnan, an Irish saint and confessor whose feast was celebrated on the vigil of the Assumption. Its walls were of cut stone, with two entrances, both descending by three steps to an unpaved floor. The roof was of wood, covered with slates, and the interior presented the form of a cross.

28. Victory over the Danes at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 865

    In 865 the Four Masters record a great victory over the Danes at Eochaille (Youghal), where they had entrenched themselves. The Danes had established a fortified position there by the middle of the ninth century.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Under the year 865 the Four Masters record a great victory over the Danes at Eochaille (Youghal), where they had entrenched themselves about the middle of this century. In 872 we find the plundering of the Deisi by Cearbhall us far as Bealach- Eochaille?

    5. Duald Mac Firbis, in the Fragments of Annals, printed for the Irish Arch, and Celtic Society, i860.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal was a place of struggle long before its later fame. Under the year 865, the Four Masters record a great victory over the Danes at Eochaille, the old name for Youghal. The Danes had entrenched themselves there by about the middle of the ninth century. In 872, the annals note the plundering of the Deisi by Cearbhall as far as Bealach-Eochaille.

29. Waterford leads southern rejoicing after Elizabeth's death

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1603

    After the death of Queen Elizabeth, Waterford was the first city in the south to demonstrate joy. The churches were opened and the services of the Catholic Church were once more openly celebrated, reflecting the deeply Catholic sentiment of the population.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The events which occuned immediately after the death of Elizabeth are the best evidence how entirely Catholic were the hearts of the people. There was universal joy, not merely because an oppressor had been removed, but because it was hoped that the nation might once more have freedom to worship God. This was specially manifested in the south, which had been especially oppressed. Waterford, of which Dr. Lyons had complained more than once, was first in its demonstration of joy. The churches were opened ; the services of the church were once more openly celebrated ; Dr. Miagh re-dedicated the Cathedrals of Cork and Cloyne, and the mass, as sung and said by Finbar and Colman, was sung and said once more.

    But these rejoicings were of short duration. The English monarchs were always ready to promise everything to the Irish when they needed their assistance, and were equally prompt to perjure themselves when they really needed their help no longer. When James found himself safe on the English throne he drank eternal damnation to all Papists,3 and advanced, as far as in him lay, their temporal ruin. He had a parliamentary proclamation, issued in Dublin on the 28th September, 1605, which runs thus : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 185

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, a city the road passes through, was where the south first showed its joy when Queen Elizabeth died in 1603. The joy was universal, and not merely because an oppressor had been removed. It was hoped that the nation might once more have freedom to worship God. The south had been especially oppressed, and Waterford, of which Dr. Lyons had complained more than once, was first in its demonstration of joy. The churches were opened. The services of the church were once more openly celebrated. Dr. Miagh re-dedicated the Cathedrals of Cork and Cloyne, and the mass, as sung and said by Finbar and Colman, was sung and said once more. But these rejoicings were of short duration. The English monarchs were always ready to promise everything to the Irish when they needed their assistance, and equally prompt to perjure themselves when they needed their help no longer. When James found himself safe on the English throne he drank eternal damnation to all Papists, and advanced, as far as in him lay, their temporal ruin. A parliamentary proclamation was issued in Dublin on the 28th of September, 1605.

30. White Horse Rock and Ship Rock near Dunmanway

    Dunmanway · town · Cork

    Two large glacial boulders stand close to Dunmanway, one called the White Horse Rock. The largest, the Ship Rock, stands beside Ship Lough two and a half miles W.N.W. of Dunmanway, measures roughly 40 x 25 x 16 feet and weighs an estimated 1,100–1,200 tons, with a legend attached to it.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Many of the large blocks of rock which are now perched in the hills, as well as low grounds, must have been moved by the land ice (though some, particularly bhe yfor- transported ones, must have been moved otherwise, as we shall see presently). There are many instances of these, too numerous to mention. There are two very large ones close to Dumnanway, one of which is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably is the one standing beside the Ship Lough, two and a-half miles W.N.W. of Dunmanway ; it is called the Ship Rock, and has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 x 25 x 16 feet; its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons.

    Submergence of the Land in the Sea. — We have just now alluded to the fact that the boulder clay has often been trans¬ formed into water-arranged stratified gravel. The land #as, therefore, beneath the sea after the time of the glaciation by land ice. The water has often rolled and washed together great collections of this gravel ; as, for instance, in the glen hollows on the north side of Caher-barnagh Mountain, near

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 366

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Dunmanway there are two very large boulders, great blocks of rock that were moved by the land ice long ago. One of them is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably is the one standing beside the Ship Lough, two and a half miles west-north-west of Dunmanway. It is called the Ship Rock, and it has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 by 25 by 16 feet. Its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons. These blocks are perched in the hills as well as on the low grounds, carried there by the ice that once covered the land. There are many instances of them, too numerous to mention, but these two near Dunmanway stand out for their size. The book does not tell what the legend of the Ship Rock is, only that there is one.

31. Young earl visits lord president at Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1600

    On 18 October 1600, James Fitzgerald visited the lord president at Mallow as part of his tour of Munster to rally support against the sugane earl. He then proceeded onward to Kilmallock.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Patrick, lord of Kerry, joined the sugane earl, and the English - government finding that the Geraldines cause was prospering, attempted the never-failing policy of division. James Fitzgerald, son to the last earl of Desmond, had been given up to the English by his mother in one of her fits of anxiety about her personal safety. He had been taken to London, and kept in the Tower half prisoner and half ward ; and as . he was the legitimate heir to the tide and estates, Elizabeth bethought her of putting him forward to counteract the rapidly increasing influence of the earl, who could only lay claim to the nomination of Tyrone. The plan was wisely laid, and at first gave every promise of success. The youth was sent to Ireland, accompanied by Captain Vine, and landed at Youghal on the 14th of October, 1600. On the 18th he visited the lord president at Mallow, and proceeded from thence to Kilmallock. The people came to welcome him with shouts of joy, and so far the plan seemed to prosper even beyond the expectations of its framers.

    The young earl, educated in England, and taught indifference and contempt for everything Irish, must have been amazed at his reception. He was little prepared for what followed. The next day being Sunday, the people, still waiting to welcome him with acclamation whenever he appeared, saw with amazement, and then with indignation, that he had forsaken, or had never been taught, the faith of his fathers and of theirs. He went to the Protestant church. It was enough — the acclamations gave place to murmurs of contempt, but even that seemed too much notice to bestow on one whom they believed faithless to his church. It did not require much penetration to see that the scheme had failed.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 238

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow is the town where, in October 1600, a young earl came to meet the lord president of Munster. James Fitzgerald was the son of the last earl of Desmond. His mother had given him up to the English in one of her fits of anxiety about her own safety. He was taken to London and kept in the Tower, half prisoner and half ward. Because he was the legitimate heir to the title and estates, Elizabeth put him forward to counteract the sugane earl, who could only lay claim to the nomination of Tyrone. The plan was wisely laid and at first gave every promise of success. He was sent to Ireland accompanied by Captain Vine and landed at Youghal on the 14th of October 1600. On the 18th he visited the lord president at Mallow and proceeded from thence to Kilmallock. The people came to welcome him with shouts of joy, and so far the plan seemed to prosper beyond the expectations of its framers. The young earl had been educated in England and taught indifference and contempt for everything Irish. He must have been amazed at his reception. He was little prepared for what followed. The next day being Sunday, the people still waited to welcome him with acclamation whenever he appeared. They saw with amazement, and then with indignation, that he had forsaken, or had never been taught, the faith of his fathers and of theirs. He went to the Protestant church. It was enough. The acclamations gave place to murmurs of contempt, but even that seemed too much notice to bestow on one whom they believed faithless to his church. It did not require much penetration to see that the scheme had failed.

32. Bantry's decline from loss of pilchard fishery

    Bantry · town · Cork

    Smith noted that Bantry was once a thriving town when pilchards frequented its bay, but fell into decay for want of employment after the fishery declined. The author links this to the broader destruction of Irish fisheries, worsened by the famine.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The decline of Irish fisheries is even mentioned by Smith, who certainly had no sympathy with any but the higher class of his native land. He says : — <c A few years ago when the pilchards frequented this bay (Bantry) it was a very thriving town, but for want of employment it is again fallen into decay.”

    Kanturk, Cean tuirc, the hill of the boar. — The ruins of Kanturk castle are remarkable ; they consisted of a paralellogram 120 feet long by 80 feet wide, flanked with four towers. The building was never finished, for the erection was stopped by the command of Queen Elizabeth, as it promised to be a place of great strength and importance. The O’Keeffes had a fine castle in this neighbourhood, now in ruin.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 435

    As the companion tells it

    Bantry in Cork was once a very thriving town. A few years ago, when the pilchards frequented this bay, the town prospered. But for want of employment it is again fallen into decay. Those words come from Smith, who had no sympathy with any but the higher class of his native land. He noted the decline of Irish fisheries, and Bantry's loss is part of that broader story. The pilchards stopped frequenting the bay, the work went with them, and the town decayed. The author links this destruction of Irish fisheries to the famine, which worsened what was already a collapse.

33. Lord deputy's men slain at Finglas

    Finglas · parish · Dublin

    A quarrel arose between Earl Thomas and Sherwood, Bishop of Meath, after nine of the lord deputy's men were slain at Finglas by the bishop's instigation. Both men travelled to England to complain to the king.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    A quarrel soon arose between the earl and Sherwood, the Bishop of Meath, nine of the lord deputy’s men having been ‘slain at Finglas by the instigation of the latter. The earl and the prelate both went to England to lay their complaints before the king, or, as the Four Masters have it, “ to make complaints against one another.’ The earl triumphed on this occasion, at least ; for we find that he returned to Ireland the same year, “ bringing great presents from the king.” Russell

    says : — -

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 131

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Finglas was the scene of a killing. Nine of the lord deputy's men were slain here, by the instigation of Sherwood, the Bishop of Meath. A quarrel arose between the bishop and Earl Thomas over it. Both men went to England to lay their complaints before the king. As the Four Masters put it, they went "to make complaints against one another." The earl triumphed. He returned to Ireland the same year, bringing great presents from the king.

34. Ivor of Limerick conspires against King Mahoun

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    After Mahoun's establishment on the throne of Munster, a conspiracy against him was organised under Ivor of Limerick and his son Dubhcerm, allied with disaffected Eoghanist clans. The motive was jealousy of Dalcassian ascendancy in Munster.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Mahoun was now firmly established on the throne, but his success procured him many enemies. A conspiracy was formed against him under the auspicies of Ivor of Limerick and his son Dubhcerm. The Eoghanist clans basely withdrew their allegiance from their lawful sovereign, allied themselves with the Danes, and became principals in the plot of assassination, Their motive was as simple as their conduct was vile. The two Eoghanist families were represented by Donovan and Molloy. They were descendants of Oilioll Ollim, from whom Mahoun was also descended, but his family were Dalcassians. Hitherto the Eoghanists had succeeded in depriving the tribes of Dal-Cais of their fair share of alternate succession to the throne of Munster ; they became alarmed at, and jealous of, the advancement of the younger tribe, and determined to do by treachery what they could not do by force. With the usual headlong eagerness of traitors, they seem to have for¬ gotten Brian, and quite overlooked the retribution they might expect at his hands for their crime.

    6-a

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 68

    As the companion tells it

    This is Limerick, a city with old royal blood on its hands. Back when Mahoun sat firmly on the throne of Munster, his success made him enemies. A conspiracy against him was formed under Ivor of Limerick and his son Dubhcerm. The Eoghanist clans, represented by Donovan and Molloy, withdrew their allegiance from their lawful sovereign and allied themselves with the Danes, becoming principals in the plot of assassination. Their motive was jealousy. The Eoghanists were descendants of Oilioll Ollim, as Mahoun was too, but his family were Dalcassians. The Eoghanists had long deprived the tribes of Dal-Cais of their fair share of alternate succession to the throne of Munster. They became alarmed at the advancement of the younger tribe and determined to do by treachery what they could not do by force. With the usual headlong eagerness of traitors, they seem to have forgotten Brian, and quite overlooked the retribution they might expect at his hands for their crime.

35. Siege of Liscarroll and death of Lord Cork's son

    Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1642

    The Confederate party suffered a considerable loss at the siege of Liscarroll, where Lord Cork's son was killed. His young brother very bravely bore his body off the field.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Confederate party suffered a considerable loss at the siege of Liscarroll, where Lord Cork’s son was killed, and very bravely borne off the field by his young brother.

    Lord Cork died himself soon after, having certainly provided well for his family, and having shown the utmost indifference to all sense of honour in his public career. Yet his sons were not quite so grateful as he expected, for he writes to one of them (Lord Dungarvan), and advises him “ not to slight or neglect him, as he had done hitherto.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    Liscarroll saw fierce fighting in 1642. The Confederate party suffered a considerable loss at the siege here, where Lord Cork's son was killed. His young brother very bravely bore his body off the field. Lord Cork died himself soon after. He had provided well for his family, but shown the utmost indifference to all sense of honour in his public career. His sons were not quite so grateful as he expected. He wrote to one of them, Lord Dungarvan, advising him, as the record says, "not to slight or neglect him, as he had done hitherto."

36. Tallagh petition against extra taxation dismissed

    Tallagh · townland · Mayo · 1633–1634

    After all other money was levied, the lord deputy ordered over £1,000 to be raised on the poor Munster corporations. Tallagh petitioned to be freed from £144 18s. charged on them, but were dismissed without relief and had horsemen quartered on them until the best persons of the town entered bonds for payment.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Cork’s means reduced from £'40,000 to £ 20,000 a year, which was both a great ease to the kingdom, and was also found sufficient to support the army three years till Easter, 1633 ; but when in July following Lord Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, came to the government, he moved the lords to give their consent, and to signify the same by their letters through the kingdom, that ^20,000 more might be raised to maintain the forces for another year, to begin in January, 1633, which the kingdom consented to, being raised and paid accordingly, in which the new corporations of Munster bore a proportionate part. And when the £ 120,000 and the last ,£20,000 were fully paid, the lord deputy by his own warrant ordered the lord president of Munster to levy above £ 1 ,000 on these poor corporations, upon which that of Tallagh petitioned the lord president to be freed from ,£144 18s. which was charged on them after all the other money was levied ; but they were dismissed without any relief, and horsemen quartered on them, until the best persons of the town were forced to go to the lord president, and enter into bonds for payment of this sum, whereupon the horsemen were recalled, and they paid the money accordingly.”

    Lord Cork’s conduct was not as exemplary as his panegyrist, Mr. Smith, was anxious to represent, for his own reasons. Few other English settlers did more in wholesale plundering, but he excelled them all in chicanery.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 281

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Tallagh, and in 1633 and 1634 it was caught in a bitter story of taxation. Cork's means had been reduced from £40,000 to £20,000 a year, which was a great ease to the kingdom and was found sufficient to support the army for three years, till Easter 1633. But when in July following, Lord Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, came to the government, he moved the lords to give their consent and signify the same by their letters through the kingdom, that £20,000 more might be raised to maintain the forces for another year, beginning in January 1633. The kingdom consented, and it was raised and paid accordingly, with the new corporations of Munster bearing a proportionate part. And when the £120,000 and the last £20,000 were fully paid, the lord deputy by his own warrant ordered the lord president of Munster to levy above £1,000 on these poor corporations. Tallagh petitioned the lord president to be freed from £144 18s. which was charged on them after all the other money was levied. But they were dismissed without any relief, and horsemen were quartered on them, until the best persons of the town were forced to go to the lord president and enter into bonds for payment of this sum. Whereupon the horsemen were recalled, and they paid the money accordingly.

37. Abbot of Trian Corcaighe falls in battle

    Cork · city · Cork

    Cork merited the appellation 'great' at this period, as Ailill, Abbot of Trian Corcaigh, fell in battle with the King of Rathluine and of Kerry Luachira, along with 6,000 men. Trian Corcaighe referred to the third part or quarter of Cork.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Cork must have merited the appellation of £< great at this period, for we find Ailill mentioned as Abbot of Trian Corcaigh,8 falling in battle with the King of Rathluine and of Kerry Luachira, and 6,000 men.

    In 869 there was “ an extensively and indescribable slaughter of the foreigners at Dun-main, in the west of Ireland.” The Dim was demolished, and was probably a stronghold of the Danes. The victors were the men of Kerry under Congalach, the men of Limerick under Flannery, and the Eognachists of Loch Lein under Conlegan. Amlaff, the Danish chief, plundered Lismore about this time, but the men

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, the city was already called great in this period. The record names Ailill as Abbot of Trian Corcaigh, the third part or quarter of Cork. He fell in battle with the King of Rathluine and of Kerry Luachira, and 6,000 men with them.

38. Bishop O'Herlihy hiding on coast islands during persecution

    near Ross · parish · Cork · 1571

    During religious persecution, Bishop O'Herlihy of Ross was obliged to hide in some of the islands on the coast. He was discovered in the spring of 1571 and delivered to Sir John Perrott, who sent him to the Tower of London.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    But the hand of persecution was already active in marking down its victims, and the Bishop of Ross was obliged to hide in some of the islands on the coast.

    He was discovered in the spring of 1571, and delivered up to Sir John Perrott, who sent him to the Tower of London.7 Here, says a contemporary authority :

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 164

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through the parish of Ross, you are passing through country where Bishop O'Herlihy once hid from religious persecution on the islands along this coast. He was found in the spring of 1571 and handed over to Sir John Perrott, who sent him to the Tower of London.

39. Castle of the Lake (Killarney) taken from Mac Carthy More's sons

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    After the death of Mac Carthy More, described as the best protector of the destitute in Leath Mhoda, the castle of the lake at Killarney was taken from his sons. They were forced to take refuge with Mac Maurice.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Mac Carthy More died the same year, and is described as the best protector of the destitute and the needy of all the lords of Leath Mhoda. In the following year “ the castle of the lake ” (Killarney) was taken from his sons, and they were obliged to take refuge with Mac Maurice.

    Great depredations were committed by Mac Maurice in revenge, he laying waste Magh O-y Coinchinn (Magunchy) from the hills westwards.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 135

    As the companion tells it

    There is a town called Killarney on the road. A lord called Mac Carthy More died, and the old record calls him the best protector of the destitute and the needy of all the lords of Leath Mhoda. The next year, the castle of the lake was taken from his sons, and they were forced to take refuge with Mac Maurice. Mac Maurice then committed great depredations in revenge, laying waste Magh O y Coinchinn, or Magunchy, from the hills westwards.

40. Catholic laity reduced to extreme poverty

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1606

    The Vicar-Apostolic narrated that many Catholic laypeople were reduced to extreme poverty and misery, and those with property were doubly persecuted by avaricious courtiers seeking to prey on Catholic wealth.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    He then narrates the sufferings of the Catholic laity, many of whom, he says, are reduced to “extreme poverty and misery;” “ if they have any property, they are doubly persecuted by the avaricious courtiers. But so many have given a glorious testimony of their faith, he thinks their enemies and persecutors have gained but little. Thus, while one party was rejoicing in their temporal gain, the other was rejoicing in temporal loss ; and while the former were preaching liberty of conscience as their creed, the latter were martyrs to it.

    Another letter to Rome says : — “ 2,000 florins are offered for the discovery of a Jesuit, and 1,000 for the discovery of any otliei piiest, 01 even of the house where he lives. "When¬ ever the servants of any of the clergy are arrested, they are cruelly scourged with whips, until they disclose all that they know about them. Bodies of soldiers are dispersed through¬ out the country in pursuit of bandits and priests ; and all that they seize on, they have the power, by martial law, of hanging without further trial. They enter private houses, and execute whom they please, vieing with each other in cruelty. It is difficult to define the precise number of those who are put to death. All who are greedy and spendthrifts, seek to make a prey of the property of the Catholics. No doors, no waffs, no enclosures can stop them in their course. Whatever is for

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 284

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, in 1606, was a city where the Catholic laity had been brought low. The Vicar-Apostolic narrated their sufferings. Many, he said, were reduced to what he called extreme poverty and misery. Those who still held any property faced a double persecution, for avaricious courtiers preyed on Catholic wealth, seeking to make a spoil of it. Yet he noted that so many had given a glorious testimony of their faith that their enemies and persecutors had gained but little. One party rejoiced in their temporal gain, the other rejoiced in temporal loss. The former preached liberty of conscience as their creed, and the latter were martyrs to it. A letter to Rome told more. 2,000 florins were offered for the discovery of a Jesuit, and 1,000 for the discovery of any other priest, or even of the house where he lived. When servants of the clergy were arrested, they were cruelly scourged with whips until they disclosed all they knew. Bodies of soldiers were dispersed throughout the country in pursuit of bandits and priests, and all they seized on, they had power by martial law to hang without further trial. They entered private houses and executed whom they pleased, vying with each other in cruelty. No doors, no walls, no enclosures could stop them in their course.

41. Catholic merchants dominating Cork trade

    Cork · city · Cork

    An anti-Catholic pamphleteer complains that Catholic merchants in Cork are overtaking Protestant trade through diligence and frugality, importing priests and dealing exclusively with one another, predicting parliamentary control of their commercial activities.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    As to their manner of carrying on trade, however, he speaks of it with abhorrence ; and in explanation of the means by which they engrossed it, he tells us that through wealth, pride, envy, mutual oppression, Protestant indolence, and Popish vigilance, the trade of the city had been forced from its natural course into another channel within a few years ; that the most considerable branch of our trade had been the export of great quantities of beef to our plantations to supply the French, with whom we trafficked in some uninhabited island, before Irish ships were obliged to touch first in England ; but that then the French, in galleys of four or five hundred tons, came hither themselves, consigned to a Popish factor, “whose relations and correspondents,” says he, “ were abroad, and it may be whose union at home, and whose diligence being more, and luxury less than Protestants, will at last swallow up the trade, and suck the marrow of this city ; and, like the ivy, will grow to be an oak, and prove absolute in their power over the commerce of those on whom they should be dependent for bread ; and,” he proceeds, “as a certain baronet observed about four years ago,

    ‘ how secure do men of that religion live in despite of the law , whilst Protestants look idly on, and by an easiness of temper peculiar to themselves suspend the execution of the laws which never required, no, not at their first making, a more severe execution than at this day. By running away with this profitable branch, not only the prejudice they do a Protestant trader, but the benefit arising to P opish dealers and tradesmen, is destructive of the Protestant interest of the city. From

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 315

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is an old complaint about who controlled the trade here. A Protestant pamphleteer wrote against the Catholic merchants, saying the trade had been forced from its natural course into another channel within a few years, through wealth, pride, envy, Protestant indolence, and Catholic vigilance. The most considerable branch had been the export of beef to the plantations to supply the French, with whom they trafficked on some uninhabited island, before Irish ships were obliged to touch first in England. But then the French came themselves in galleys of four or five hundred tons, consigned to a Catholic factor. The pamphleteer warned that these merchants, whose relations and correspondents were abroad, whose diligence was more and luxury less than Protestants, would "swallow up the trade, and suck the marrow of this city." He said they would, "like the ivy, grow to be an oak, and prove absolute in their power over the commerce of those on whom they should be dependent for bread." He quoted a baronet who had observed about four years earlier that men of that religion lived secure in despite of the law, while Protestants looked idly on, suspending execution of laws that never required a more severe execution than at that day. By running away with this profitable branch, he said, the benefit arising to Catholic dealers and tradesmen was destructive of the Protestant interest of the city.

42. Clancarre encamped at Killorglin warns Cork

    Killorglin · town · Kerry · 1580

    The Earl of Clancarre, encamped at Killorglin near Killarney, spotted the Spanish fleet before landing and sent a hasty despatch to Cork, likely motivated by fear for his hostage son if suspected of complicity.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The little Spanish fleet was sighted before landing, and the Earl of Clancare, who was encamped at Killorglen, near Killarney, and who, no doubt, had a very vivid anticipation of the probable consequences to his “ sonne,” if he was even suspected of complicity by his silence, sent a despatch in all haste to Cork. Another warning was sent from (Castle Magne) Castlemaine, Co. Kerry, by Andrew Martin, the constable, to St. Leger, and the Connors of Lixnaw, also sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick.

    There is no doubt that San Jose was a traitor of the deepest dye. On the arrival of the Spaniards, he selected the Fort del Ore as his headquarters, in opposition to the urgent entreaties of the Irish leaders, who knew the strength of the English fleet,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 217

    As the companion tells it

    In 1580, Killorglin saw the Earl of Clancarre encamped here, near Killarney. He spotted the little Spanish fleet before it ever made landfall, and he sent a despatch in all haste to Cork. The Earl had good reason to be quick about it. He held what the book calls a vivid anticipation of the probable consequences to his sonne if he was even suspected of complicity by his silence. His hostage son made silence a danger. He was not alone in raising the alarm. Andrew Martin, constable at Castlemaine in Kerry, sent his own warning to St. Leger. The Connors of Lixnaw sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick. Word went out in every direction that the Spaniards had been sighted.

43. Collegiate church founded at Youghal by Earl Thomas

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1462

    Earl Thomas FitzGerald erected and endowed a collegiate church at Youghal, staffed with a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers, demonstrating his commitment to promoting learning.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Irish writers describe Earl Thomas as valiant and successful in war, a quality especially appreciated by them — as comely in person, scarcely less estimated. He had also a reputation for learning, for hospitality, for humanity, and, above all, was liberal to the clergy, and to antiquarians and bards. He certainly manifested his desire to promote learning, whether possessed of it himself or not, as he erected and ndowed a collegiate church at Youghal, with a warden

    THE “GREAT'' EARL OE DESMOND. M1

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 131

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, in Cork, was where Earl Thomas FitzGerald built and endowed a collegiate church in 1462. The Irish writers called him valiant and successful in war, comely in person, and a man with a reputation for learning, hospitality, and humanity. Above all, they said, he was liberal to the clergy, to antiquarians, and to bards. His church was served by a warden. He showed his desire to promote learning, whether he possessed it himself or not.

44. Deep submerged bog at Clonakilty Bay

    near Clonakilty Bay · bay · Cork

    On the east side of Clonakilty Bay the surface of a submerged bog is barely above sea level, but it has been probed to a depth of fifty feet. Such bogs could only have formed on ground standing above the sea, proving greater land elevation in the past.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The land rose after the submergence to a higher level than that at which it stands at present (this, though probably not indispensable, was one of the conditions which conspired to favour the production of the corry glaciers) ; of this we have direct proof in the submerged bogs to be found off shore in Cork and in many other parts of Ireland. Peat is cut from such bogs near Rosscarbery, and at Tralong Bay, two miles westward thereof, also on the west side of Courtmacsherry Bay. On the east side of Clonakilty Bay the surface of the bog is but little above the sea, but it has been probed to the depth of fifty feet. Such bogs, of course, could only be formed on ground standing above the sea. Another reason for in¬ ferring the greater elevation of the land, at that time, is this, that Ireland must have been united to England and the Con¬ tinent after the general glaciation and subsequent deep sub¬ mergence. In no other way than this can we account for the immigration of the greater part of the land animals into Ireland, some of which animals are now extinct ; such as the Arctic Mammoth or Woolly Elephant ( Elephas primigenius ), whose remains have been found in a cave near Dungarvan, a short way out of this county, in Waterford, and the Irish Elk, as it is sometimes called ( Megaceros H ibernicus ), which was related to the reindeer, and would, probably, prefer a climate colder than that of Ireland is now, and whose remains have bc'en found in this county a little to the S.W. of Charleville, in the townland of Ratkmealey, near Cooliney. We may mention here the Polar bear ( Ursus Maritimus ), though nut extinct, another Arctic animal, whose bones have been found in Lough Gur, Co. Limerick, outside the northern boundary of this county.

    We have no record of stone weapons, etc., of human manu¬ facture having been found, as yet, in the drift of this district.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 368

    As the companion tells it

    Clonakilty Bay in Cork holds a buried clue to older ground. On the east side of the bay, the surface of a submerged bog sits barely above the sea, but it has been probed down to a depth of 50 feet. Peat like this could only have formed on ground that once stood above the water, which means the land here was higher in the past than it is now. Similar submerged bogs are found near Rosscarbery, at Tralong Bay two miles west of there, and on the west side of Courtmacsherry Bay. The greater elevation of the land matters for another reason. After the general glaciation and a deep submergence, Ireland must have been joined to England and the Continent, because that is the only way to account for the immigration of land animals into Ireland. Some of those animals are now extinct. The remains of the Arctic Mammoth, or Woolly Elephant, have been found in a cave near Dungarvan in Waterford. The Irish Elk, related to the reindeer and probably suited to a colder climate than Ireland has now, left remains in this county southwest of Charleville, in the townland of Ratkmealey near Cooliney. The bones of a Polar bear, another Arctic animal, have turned up in Lough Gur in County Limerick. No record exists of stone weapons of human manufacture being found in the drift of this district.

45. Dermot O'Brien devastates Cloyne and takes relics

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 1071

    In 1071, Dermot O'Brien sailed a fleet around Ireland, devastated Cloyne (Cluain-Uamha), and took away the relics of St. Finnbarr from Cill-na-clench. This was a major disruption to the ecclesiastical settlement.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    A.D. 1071. — A fleet, with Dermot O’Brien, sailed round Ireland. He devastated Cluain-Uamha, and took away the relics of St. Finnbarr from Cill-na- clench.

    A.D. 1075. — O’Currain, arcliinnech of Cluain-Uamha,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 424

    As the companion tells it

    This is Cloyne, once called Cluain-Uamha. In 1071, Dermot O'Brien sailed a fleet around Ireland and devastated this place. He took away the relics of St. Finnbarr from Cill-na-clench.

46. Desmond concealed in woods near Tralee

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1583

    During the remainder of September and early November 1583, the deserted Earl of Desmond lay concealed in the woods near Tralee with the few followers who remained faithful to him. The episode illustrates the earl's desperate decline in the final phase of the rebellion.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    All the earl’s followers had now deserted him, and it is pitiful to read how he “ wepte like a child over the loss of his menne.” During the remainder of September and the early part of November he lay concealed in the woods near Tralee, with the few followers who continued faithful to him. On Saturday, the 9th of November, the earl left the woods, near Castleisland, and went westward beyond Trainore to Doire-

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 229

    As the companion tells it

    By 1583, the Earl of Desmond had lost nearly everyone. He hid in woods near Tralee, and the record says he "wepte like a child over the loss of his menne." Through September and early November he stayed concealed there with the few who remained faithful. On Saturday the 9th of November he left the woods near Castleisland and went westward beyond Trainore to Doire.

47. Donnchadh and Clochna slain fighting Danes

    Cork · city · Cork

    The men of Cork and Kerry, commanded by Donnchadh and by Clochna, Lord of Corca-Laighe, opposed the Danes. Both commanders were slain even in the hour of victory.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Danes met with strong opposition more than once in the South of Ireland. They were slaughtered at A rd- Ter a - daigh by the men of middle Munster, and they were opposed by the “ South of Ireland,” 2 the men of Cork and Kerry, who were commanded by Donnchadh, and by Clochna , Lord of Corca-Laighe? Both were slain, even in the hour of victory.4

    In 836 C ena,in- M or (Cloy no), Ros-Ailithir , and Cenn-mare (Kenmare) were all plundered. Indeed, places were plundered so frequently and persistently by each succeded raid, that one wonders how anything could have been left to take away.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 60

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork. The Danes met strong opposition here in the south. The men of Cork and Kerry faced them, commanded by Donnchadh and by Clochna, Lord of Corca-Laighe. Both commanders were slain, even in the hour of victory. The Danes had been slaughtered before too, at Ard-Teradaigh, by the men of middle Munster. In 836 Cloyne, Ros-Ailithir, and Kenmare were all plundered. Places were raided so frequently and persistently by each succeeding raid that one wonders how anything could have been left to take away.

48. Finglas report cites Kilkenny parliament as governing Ireland

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

    Patrick Finglas, a Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, wrote a report called 'The Decay of Ireland' in the seventh year of Henry VIII. He stated that the nation was ruled by the parliament held at Kilkenny by the Duke of Clarence, and that if its regulations had been kept, Ireland would have remained obedient.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    It states, what certainly was not true “ that most of these parties were conquered by King Henry II.” Yet, in a few lines further on, the causes are given why Ireland was not conquered. All the daughters of the Earl Marshal were married to lords in England, “ and the lords, husbands to the ladies,” though they liked Irish property very much indeed to spend, they liked to spend it in England ; and they “ sent small defence for their lands in Ireland, though they received the profits ;” and, moreover, “some of them never saw Ireland,” so their lands began to decay. “ The nation is ruled by the parliament held at Kilkennye by the Duke of Clarence ;” and as every one had, or has, a panacea for Ireland, he says that if the regulations made then and there had been kept, “ Ireland had been in obedience to this day.”

    But whose fault was it that these same regulations were not kept ? Certainly it was not the fault of the Irish, but of the very Anglo-Irish lords who so easily agreed to the ducal behests when the duke was present, and so cleverly evaded the same when the duke was absent.9

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 150

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkenny was once where a parliament sat that, one writer said, ruled the nation. Patrick Finglas, a Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, wrote a report called The Decay of Ireland in the 7th year of Henry VIII. He said the nation was ruled by the parliament held there by the Duke of Clarence. Finglas believed that if the regulations made then and there had been kept, Ireland would have remained in obedience to this day. He also gave reasons why Ireland was not fully conquered after King Henry II. The daughters of the Earl Marshal were married to lords in England. Those lords liked Irish property well enough to spend it, but they liked to spend it in England. They sent small defence for their lands in Ireland, though they collected the profits. Some of them never saw Ireland at all, and so their lands began to decay. As for the regulations not being kept, the writer says it was not the fault of the Irish. It was the Anglo-Irish lords who agreed to the duke's demands when he was present, and cleverly evaded them when he was away.

49. Fitzmaurices seize temporalities of the see of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1490–1492

    During Bishop Thady Maher's administration from 1490, the Fitzmaurices and other southern chieftains seized most of the temporalities of the see of Cork. Pope Innocent VIII issued a brief on 18 July 1492 commanding them to desist from their usurpation under the usual penalties.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    On the 31st January, 1462-3, Gerald Fitzgerald was appointed by the Sovereign Pontiff bishop of the united sees, vacant by the resignation of the aged bishop Jordan. Many efforts were subsequently made to set aside this appointment , however, it was irrevocably recognised by Pome. The chief difficulty arose from the former coadjutor, Dr. Roche, who, finding the see now vacant by the resignation of Bishop Jordan, claimed it as belonging to him by that “ right of succession” which had originally been accorded to him. It was only in December, 147 G that this controversy was finally closed, when a letter was addressed by Pope Paul II. to the Archbishop of Cashel, commanding him to put Gerald Fitz¬ gerald in full possession of all the temporalities of the united sees. Peace being thus restored, Dr. Fitzgerald remained in undisturbed possession till his death in 1479- William Roche, by his submission to the former decisions of the Holy See, merited to be appointed his successor ; thus all rival claims were happily adjusted, and Dr. Roche for eleven years continued to administer this see. When at length he resigned the arduous charge, Thady Mecher, or Maher, was appointed, the next bishop in 149°- Most of the temporalities of the see, however, were seized on by the Fitzmaurices and other southern chieftains ; so much so that Pope Innocent VIII. was obliged to issue a brief on the 18th of July, 1492, command¬ ing these parties under the usual penalties to desist from their

    iniquitous usurpation.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 173

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city carries a story of church lands seized by force. Gerald Fitzgerald was appointed bishop of the united sees by the Sovereign Pontiff, after the resignation of the aged Bishop Jordan. Many efforts were subsequently made to set aside this appointment, but it was irrevocably recognised by Rome. The chief difficulty came from the former coadjutor, Roche, who claimed the see by right of succession originally accorded to him. That controversy was finally closed when a letter from the Pope commanded the Archbishop of Cashel to put Gerald Fitzgerald in full possession of all the temporalities of the united sees. Peace being restored, Doctor Fitzgerald remained in undisturbed possession until his death in 1479. William Roche, by his submission to the former decisions of the Holy See, was appointed his successor, and for eleven years continued to administer this see. When he resigned, Thady Maher was appointed the next bishop in 1490. Most of the temporalities of the see, however, were seized by the Fitzmaurices and other southern chieftains. Pope Innocent VIII was obliged to issue a brief on the 18th of July 1492, commanding these parties under the usual penalties to desist from their usurpation.

50. Gerald Fitzgerald appointed Bishop of Cork and Cloyne

    Cork · city · Cork · 1463–1476

    Gerald Fitzgerald was appointed bishop of the united sees of Cork and Cloyne by the Pope in 1463. A prolonged controversy with the former coadjutor Dr. Roche was finally resolved in December 1476 when Pope Paul II commanded the Archbishop of Cashel to install Fitzgerald in full possession of the temporalities.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    On the 31st January, 1462-3, Gerald Fitzgerald was appointed by the Sovereign Pontiff bishop of the united sees, vacant by the resignation of the aged bishop Jordan. Many efforts were subsequently made to set aside this appointment , however, it was irrevocably recognised by Pome. The chief difficulty arose from the former coadjutor, Dr. Roche, who, finding the see now vacant by the resignation of Bishop Jordan, claimed it as belonging to him by that “ right of succession” which had originally been accorded to him. It was only in December, 147 G that this controversy was finally closed, when a letter was addressed by Pope Paul II. to the Archbishop of Cashel, commanding him to put Gerald Fitz¬ gerald in full possession of all the temporalities of the united sees. Peace being thus restored, Dr. Fitzgerald remained in undisturbed possession till his death in 1479- William Roche, by his submission to the former decisions of the Holy See, merited to be appointed his successor ; thus all rival claims were happily adjusted, and Dr. Roche for eleven years continued to administer this see. When at length he resigned the arduous charge, Thady Mecher, or Maher, was appointed, the next bishop in 149°- Most of the temporalities of the see, however, were seized on by the Fitzmaurices and other southern chieftains ; so much so that Pope Innocent VIII. was obliged to issue a brief on the 18th of July, 1492, command¬ ing these parties under the usual penalties to desist from their

    iniquitous usurpation.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 173

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, this city carries the story of a bishop's long fight to take his seat. On the 31st of January, 1463, Gerald Fitzgerald was appointed by the Sovereign Pontiff bishop of the united sees of Cork and Cloyne, vacant by the resignation of the aged bishop Jordan. Many efforts were subsequently made to set aside this appointment, but it was irrevocably recognised by Rome. The chief difficulty arose from the former coadjutor, Dr. Roche, who, finding the see vacant by the resignation of Bishop Jordan, claimed it as belonging to him by that

51. Geraldine residence at the island of Kerry

    Kerry · county · Kerry · 1367

    The Earl of Desmond's principal residence was located at the island of Kerry. He was appointed Viceroy in 1367 after Lionel, Duke of Clarence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Elis principal residence, doubtless, was at the sweetest island of Kerry but in 1367 he was appointed Viceroy, after Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the only heir to the English Crown who ever governed Ireland personally. The office could scarcely have been a very pleasant one, from the- then state of society, when enactments were obliged to be made to prevent the English born in England from calling the English born in Ireland “ Irish dogs,” and the English born in Ireland from calling the English of England “ English robbers.”

    It was furthermore required that English subjects should not war against each other, a custom which would undoubtedly have been more honoured in the breach than in the observance, but which, nevertheless, could not be put down by Act of Parliament; and it was equally forbidden, and the prohibition was equally useless, to bring Irish to their assistance for such purposes.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 130

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through Kerry, a county that holds an old Geraldine connection. The Earl of Desmond had his principal residence at the island of Kerry, described as the sweetest island. In 1367 he was appointed Viceroy, after Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the only heir to the English Crown who ever governed Ireland personally. The office could scarcely have been a pleasant one, given the state of society at the time. Enactments had to be made to prevent the English born in England from calling the English born in Ireland Irish dogs, and the English born in Ireland from calling the English of England English robbers. It was furthermore required that English subjects should not war against each other, a custom which would have been more honoured in the breach than in the observance, but which could not be put down by Act of Parliament. It was equally forbidden, and equally useless, to bring Irish to their assistance for such purposes.

52. Grey proceeds to Dingle after Fort del Ore

    Dingle · town · Kerry · 1580–1581

    Following the capture of the Fort del Ore, the lord deputy went to Dingle and appointed Captain Zouch to govern the surrounding country. The Geraldine leaders were then hunted down one by one and executed.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    After the capture of the Fort del Ore, the leaders of the Geraldines were all captured, one by one, and executed. The lord deputy went to Dingle, Captain Zouch was appointed to govern the country, and he marched on Castlemaine early in 1581, where he surprised the Earl of Desmond, who escaped with great difficulty. Sir John Desmond and James Fitzmaurice had been leading a wandering life, plundering through the country.

    Under the year 1581, the Four Masters ha\ e the following records : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    Dingle is a town the road passes through. After the capture of the Fort del Ore, the lord deputy came here and appointed Captain Zouch to govern the country. The leaders of the Geraldines were then captured one by one and executed. Early in 1581 Zouch marched on Castlemaine and surprised the Earl of Desmond, who escaped with great difficulty. Sir John Desmond and James Fitzmaurice had been living a wandering life, plundering through the country.

53. Kinneigh round tower and sacred swearing stone

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork · 1690–1699

    A high round tower stood on the south-west corner of Kinneigh churchyard, and the church was thought to have formerly been a cathedral. A sacred stone on the south-west corner of the church was used by the Irish for solemn oaths.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    lias obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families; Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he- has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer 1 o ik . In Kilmoe there are the ruins of’ a chapel at the westr end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. 'Phe church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. There are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papists ; Teige Coghlen is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part, or Skull ; he has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday 1 St. Eooane’s Day.’ At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south¬ west corner of the church-yard. ’Tis supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh, counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, is Popish priest of this and three or four contiguous parishes ; there are more Protestants than Papists ; there was a registry lately bought, and a Bible, and two Common Prayer books. In Desertsurgis there are one hundred and fifty families of Protestants ; no Popish schoolmaster in this parish ; a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought ; Denis Mahony is Popish priest of this parish.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Kinneigh, a high round tower stands on the south-west corner of the churchyard. People supposed this church was formerly a cathedral, and the Irish account the church itself as very sacred. A stone on the south-west corner of the church is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues. The concourse of people coming to it was very chargeable to the inhabitants, and so they stopped it up.

54. Limerick Danes attack Dalcassian territory

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Ivor, chieftain of the Limerick Danes, attacked the territory of Dal-Cais in retaliation for Danish losses in Munster. He was joined by native princes including Molloy and Donovan, resulting in the battle of Sulcoit.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The result was a conference of the tribe, who voted for war, and marched into the country of the Eoghanists (the present co. Kerry), who at once joined the standard of the Dalcassians. The Danes suffered severely in Munster. This aroused the Limerick Danes ; and their chieftain, Ivor, attacked the terri¬ tory of Dal-Cais, an exploit in which he was joined, to their eternal shame, by several native princes and tribes, amongst whom were Maolmuadh (Molloy), son of Braun, King of Desmond, and Donabhan (Donovan), son of Cathal, King of Ui Cairbhri. The result was a fierce battle at Sulcoit, near Tipperary, wherein the Danes were gloriously defeated. The action was commenced by the Northmen. It continued from sunrise till mid-day, and terminated in the rout of the

    4. Chess. — Flann Sionna, Monarch of Ireland, had encamped on this plain, and ostentatiously commenced a game of chess as a -jnark of contempt for the chieftains whose country he had invaded. His folly met its just punishment, for he was ignominiously defeated. See Wars of the Gaedhil, p. 1 13, note.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 67

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near Limerick now. The Danes suffered severely in Munster, and that aroused the Limerick Danes. Their chieftain, Ivor, attacked the territory of Dal-Cais. He was joined, to their eternal shame, by several native princes and tribes, among them Molloy, son of Braun, King of Desmond, and Donovan, son of Cathal, King of Ui Cairbhri. The result was a fierce battle at Sulcoit, near Tipperary. The Danes were defeated there. The action was commenced by the Northmen. It continued from sunrise till mid-day, and terminated in their rout. There is a note attached to this passage about the plain where the battle was fought. Flann Sionna, Monarch of Ireland, had encamped on this plain and ostentatiously commenced a game of chess as a mark of contempt for the chieftains whose country he had invaded. His folly met its just punishment, for he was ignominiously defeated.

55. Mass burial pit at Shandon church-yard

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    A large pit was dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard for the burial of several hundred indigent persons. They were buried there for want of money to purchase graves, during a time when many poor perished despite being fed at a public mess in the city.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    and numbers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public mess in this city. There was a large pit dug: at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves.

    “ December 25, 1 761. — An act was passed this year, which, after reciting that there were then only two public avenues to Cork, and that same were narrow and inconvenient, provides for the building of a stone bridge, not exceeding in breadth twenty-six feet, from the quay opposite Prince’s Street to the northern or opposite part oi Lavitt s island, and another from the southern part of said island to the Red Abbey Marsh, of the same breadth, with a draw bridge in its centre. Ihis act also provides for supplying said city with water.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 317

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Shandon, on the outskirts of Cork. During a time of great hardship, numbers of the poor perished here, though several were daily fed at a public mess in the city. A large pit was dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried. They were buried there, in the words of the source,

56. Mint established in Cork under Edward I

    Cork · city · Cork · 1272–1307

    A mint was established in Cork as early as the reign of Edward I. Cork pennies from this reign bear the king's head within a triangle with the inscription 'Edw. R. Ang. Dns. Hyb' and on the reverse 'Civitas Corcacie.'

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    A mint was established in Cork as early as the reign of Edward I., but few of the coins are now known to exist. The Cork pennies of this reign are given in Simmond s work on Irish coins. They have the king’s head within a triangle, and bear the inscription “ Edw. R. Ang. Dns. Hyb. On the reverse the cross and three pellets in each quarter, and round

    it “ Civitas Corcacie.” .... , ,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 411

    As the companion tells it

    Cork had a mint as far back as the reign of Edward the First. The pennies struck here bore the king's head inside a triangle, with the inscription reading, in the source, Edw. R. Ang. Dns. Hyb. On the reverse sat a cross, three pellets in each quarter, and around it the words Civitas Corcacie. Few of these coins survive today.

57. Old Head of Kinsale fort held by Florence MacCarthy

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork · 1600

    A strong fort at the Old Head of Kinsale was lately in Florence MacCarthy's keeping but had been taken by direction and award. The fort's strategic importance is noted in the context of Florence's alliance with O'Neill and the need for naval protection of the coast.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “ At the Old Head of Kinsall there is a strong fort, lately in Florence’s keeping, but now taken by direction and award, their place. O’Neyll had equally divided betwixt his cousin Florence and his Earl of Desmond all profits gotten in possession, or coming from beyond the seayes. Pardon me, Right Honbl.e, I beseech you to yield a poor opinion: it were very requisite that some of her Majesty’s pinnaces be appointed for this coast, and the river of the Shannon. The consideration I humbly leave to. your honor’s grave and deep deep judgment, craving pardon for my boldness.

    “Cork, this 2nd of April, 1600.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 242

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, there was a strong fort that was lately in Florence MacCarthy's keeping, but by 1600 it had been taken by direction and award. O'Neill had divided profits equally between his cousin Florence and the Earl of Desmond, from possessions and from beyond the seas. The writer of this letter, sent from Cork on the 2nd of April 1600, urged that some of her Majesty's pinnaces be appointed for this coast and the river of the Shannon, leaving the matter to the recipient's judgment.

58. O'Neil met at Cork by Desmond and plunders Barrymore

    Barrymore · barony · Cork · 1600

    In spring 1600 O'Neil marched south and was met at Cork by James Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond. Together they plundered through Roche's country and Barrymore, punishing the loyal Lord Barry.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    O’Neil marched south in the spring of the year 1600, “ to confirm his friendship with his allies in the war, and to wreak his vengeance on his enemies.’ He was met at Cork by James Fitzmaurice, the sugcine Earl of Desmond, and they plundered through Roche’s country and Barrymore.

    The Lord Barry of that day was loyal, and was therefore plundered, a fact which he did not forget in future intercourse with O’Neil and Desmond.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 240

    As the companion tells it

    In the spring of 1600, O'Neil marched south and was met at Cork by James Fitzmaurice, the Earl of Desmond. Together they plundered through Roche's country and Barrymore. The Lord Barry of that day was loyal, and was therefore plundered. The words of the record say O'Neil came

59. Prince Rupert lands and is blockaded at Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1649

    Prince Rupert landed in Kinsale, where his brother Maurice had arrived about a fortnight before. The English parliament sent forces to blockade the port, and Rupert was eventually obliged to sail for Lisbon, having lost more than half his fleet.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Immediately after the execution of Charles I., the Earl of Ormond proclaimed Charles II. in Cork, Kinsale, Youghal, and other southern towns. Prince Rupert landed in Kinsale, where his brother Maurice had arrived about a fortnight before; but the English parliament sent at once to blockade that port, and Rupert was obliged eventually to sail for Lisbon, having lost more than half his fleet.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming into Kinsale now. After the execution of Charles I, the Earl of Ormond proclaimed Charles II in Kinsale and other southern towns. Prince Rupert landed here in 1649, where his brother Maurice had arrived about a fortnight before. The English parliament sent forces to blockade the port, and Rupert was eventually obliged to sail for Lisbon, having lost more than half his fleet.

60. Ruins and altar in Cannaway churchyard

    Cannaway · parish · Cork

    Bishop Downes records that Cannaway parish had no church and no Protestants. The ruins of a house stood in the churchyard, and a vault remained intact into which the priest built an altar about a year before when a person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny was the Catholic priest of Cannaway and Macroom.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    “In Dromdaleague parish, Felix M‘ Car thy is priest; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster com¬ plains that Papists teach publick school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish — no church, no Protestants — there are the ruins of a house in the churchyard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny is Popish priest of this parish and Macroom.”

    Of Durrus he writes : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 312

    As the companion tells it

    You are passing through Cannaway parish, in Cork. A bishop's report once noted there was no church here and no Protestants. What stood in the churchyard was the ruins of a house, and a vault still whole. About a year before the report was written, a person of note was buried there, and the priest built an altar inside that vault. His name was Denis Sweeny, and he served as Catholic priest of this parish and Macroom.