A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Siege of Wexford by Dermod and Norman allies

   Wexford · town · Wexford · 1169

   Dermod MacMurrough, joined by his Norman allies, laid siege to the city of Wexford with a combined force. The inhabitants of the mercantile town came out to meet them but, fearing defeat in open battle, fired the suburbs and entrenched themselves in the town.

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   There is considerable uncertainty as to the real date and the precise circumstances of Dermod’s arrival in Ireland. According to one account, he returned at the close of the year 1 1 6 1, and concealed himself during the winter in a monastery of Augustinian Canons at Ferns, which he had founded. The two principal authorities are Giraldus Cambrensis and Maurice Regan — the latter was Dermod Mac Murrough’s secretary. According to his account, Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, in May, 1169, with an army of three hundred archers, thirty knights, and sixty men-at-arms. A second detachment arrived the next day, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, with ten knights and sixty archers. Dermod at once assembled his men, and joined his allies. He could only muster five hundred followers ; but with their united forces, such as they were, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers, laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town at once set forth to meet them; but fearing the result, if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs, and en-

   who was mother to Giraldus Cambrensis. This relationship accounts for the absurd eulogiums which he has lavished on the Geraldines. Demetia is the district now called Pembrokeshire, where a colony of Normans established themselves after the Norman Conquest. — See Thierry’s Norman Conquest.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 102

   As the companion tells it

   Up ahead is Wexford town. In May 1169 this was the scene of a siege. The two principal authorities for what happened are Giraldus Cambrennis and Maurice Regan, who was Dermod MacMurrough's secretary. According to that account, Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, with an army of 300 archers, 30 knights, and 60 men-at-arms. A second detachment arrived the next day, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, with 10 knights and 60 archers. Dermod at once assembled his men and joined his allies. He could only muster 500 followers. With their united forces, such as they were, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town at once set forth to meet them, but fearing the result if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs and entrenched themselves in the town.

2. Silver gilt shrine given to Dominicans of Youghal, 1617

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1617

   In 1617, Lady Honor Fitzgerald of the Geraldine family presented the Dominicans of Youghal with a silver gilt shrine for the image of the Madonna. The reliquary, about four inches high, bears an inscription in Roman letters and features folding doors displaying the image within.

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   “ 1617. — The Lady Honor Fitzgerald, of the Geraldine family, presented the Dominicans of Youghall, with a silver gilt shrine for the image of the Madonna, in their possession. This relique is about four inches in height, by one in width. Its sides are richly chased with floriated ornaments, and its summit is surmounted by a cross. It opens with two folding doors, which, thrown back, display the image within. The reverse of these doors bear a crucifixion and a figure of a saint in prayer respectively. On the outside is this inscrip¬ tion in the Roman letters : — ‘ Orate pro anima onariae hike, Tacobi De Geraldinis, Jae Me Fieri Fecit. Anno. D.M.S. 1617.’ ”

   Youghal is greatly indebted to the Drew family for their magnificent outlay in the restoration of Youghal church. The Rev. Robert Drew, of the Towers, Youghal, has given an

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 450

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Youghal holds a piece of 1617. In that year Lady Honor Fitzgerald, of the Geraldine family, gave the Dominicans of Youghal a silver gilt shrine for the image of the Madonna in their possession. The reliquary stands about four inches high and one inch wide. Its sides are richly chased with floriated ornaments, and a cross surmounts its summit. Two folding doors open to display the image within. The reverse of those doors bear a crucifixion and a figure of a saint in prayer. On the outside is an inscription in Roman letters: "Orate pro anima onariae hike, Tacobi De Geraldinis, Jae Me Fieri Fecit. Anno. D.M.S. 1617." A small thing, but it carries the name of a woman and a family and a year, kept in silver.

3. 5,000 French troops land at Kinsale under Lauzun

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1689

   On the 14th of March, 5,000 French troops landed at Kinsale under Count Lauzun and the Marquise de Lang, while King James sent back Irish troops in their place.

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   “ On Wednesday, the 12th of March, King James landed in Kinsale, who soon after came to Cork, where, on the next Sunday, he heard mass in a new chapel, lately erected near the Franciscan Friary. Through the streets he was supported by two friars of that order, and attended by many others in their habits. He was received and entertained by Donough, earl of Clancarty, on his landing, at which time the king made him one of the lords of his bedchamber, and his regiment a royal regiment of guards. He was also made clerk of the crown and peace throughout this province, by letters patent. On the 1 4th, 5,000 French landed at Kinsale, under Count Lauzun and the Marquise de Lang. In their room King James sent back

   374

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 300

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up through Kinsale now. On the 12th of March, 1689, King James landed here, and was received and entertained by Donough, Earl of Clancarty, whom he made one of the lords of his bedchamber. Two days later, on the 14th, 5,000 French troops landed at Kinsale under Count Lauzun and the Marquise de Lang. In their place, King James sent back Irish troops. Before coming here, James heard mass in a new chapel near the Franciscan Friary in Cork, supported through the streets by two friars of that order, with many others attending in their habits.

4. Anglo-Norman settlers complain of extortion at Kilkenny

   Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1338–1340

   Anglo-Norman settlers, headed by the Earl of Desmond, refused to attend a Dublin parliament and held a meeting at Kilkenny where they sent three pointed queries to the Crown and a petition declaring that English settlers in Ireland were reduced to extreme poverty by the extortions of English ministers.

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   Anglo-Norman settlers refused to attend it ; and, headed by the Earl of Desmond, held a meeting at Kilkenny. They set to work in a business-like manner, and sent in three queries for the royal consideration, which certainly had the merit of brevity and point. They asked : _

   (1) . How a country in a state of war could be governed by ci person who was unskilled in military affairs ?

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 127

   As the companion tells it

   Kilkenny was where Anglo-Norman settlers gathered rather than attend a parliament in Dublin. The Earl of Desmond headed them. They sent three queries to the Crown. Their first question was how a country at war could be governed by a person unskilled in military affairs. The record gives no further detail of the other two.

5. Ballincollig castle, ancient Barrett seat

   near Ballincollig · town · Cork · 1600–1690

   Ballincollig castle, four miles from Cork, was an ancient seat of the Barretts, built upon a rock and flanked with towers at each angle. In 1600 William Barrett submitted to the Queen's mercy after Desmond's rebellion, and the castle was later garrisoned for King James II.

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   In the southern point of this barony (in the road leading from Cork to Bandon, four miles from the former) is a rained abbey, called Bally vacadane, founded by Cormac Mac Gaithy Mac Tiege, surnamed Laider, for Austme nuns, about the vear 14 so. Part of the walls still stand. Ballmcoltig a large castle not far distant, was an ancient seat of the Barretts, lour miles ’from Cork. Anno 1600, William Barrett, of Bailmcollio- submitted to the Queen’s mercy, having been concerned in Desmond’s rebellion. This castle was garrisoned well, and in the late wars for King James II. It is built upon a rock and flanked with towers at each angle. Ihe other chief seat of the Barretts was Castlemore, m the northern

   extremity oi this barony.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 397

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Ballincollig, that was the seat of the Barretts. A large castle, built upon a rock and flanked with towers at each angle, stood four miles from Cork. In 1600, William Barrett submitted to the Queen's mercy, having been concerned in Desmond's rebellion. The castle was later garrisoned well, and in the late wars it was held for King James II. The Barretts had another chief seat at Castlemore, in the northern extremity of the barony.

6. Bandon and Kinsale declared for Cromwell

   Bandon · town · Cork · 1649–1650

   Bandon was easily captured by Cromwell because it was already in the Parliamentary interest, and Kinsale also declared for him. These easy gains occasioned Cromwell's letters of self-gratulating humility.

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   Bandon was made an easy capture, being already in the Parliamentary interest, and Kinsale also “ declared ’ for Crom¬ well, all which gives him occasion for letters of zelf-gratuiating humility ; in which, however, he manages to hit pretty hard at “dissenting brethren,” i.e., those who presumed to differ from him, and on whom he dares not yet exercise the “tender mercies” of which he was so liberal in Ireland. Cromwell could palaver when he dared not curse ; could temporise and hide the sword in velvet when he feared to use it.3

   Cromwell complains that he found some of the names of

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 294

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Bandon was an easy capture for Cromwell, being already in the Parliamentary interest, and Kinsale also declared for him. These easy gains gave him occasion for letters of self-gratulating humility, in which he managed to hit pretty hard at his dissenting brethren, those who presumed to differ from him, and on whom he dared not yet exercise the tender mercies he was so liberal with in Ireland. Cromwell could palaver when he dared not curse, could temporise and hide the sword in velvet when he feared to use it.

7. Bishop of Cloyne dies; abbot and prior slain by Danes

   Cloyne · town · Cork · 884–885

   In 884 the learned Bishop Reachtaidh of Cloyne died. The following year, Fearghal the Abbot and Uamanian the Prior of Cloyne were slain by the Danes, showing the impact of Norse raids on the church at Cloyne.

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   The death of Reachtaidh , the learned Bishop of Cltiain- Uamhrach (Cloyne), is entered under the year 884. In 885 Fearghal, the Abbot, and Uamanian, the Prior of Cloyne, were slain by the Danes. In 894, according to the Four Masters, and 898, in the annals of Ulster, Arggatann, the Abbot of “ Great Cork,” died.

   The Chronicum Scotorom enters the death of Saerbretach , a sage and Bishop of Cork, in 896, and Arggdan’s death in 889, in which year they say there was a famine of bread and much rain.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

   As the companion tells it

   Cloyne in Cork was a church settlement that suffered at the hands of Norse raiders. In 884, Reachtaidh, the learned Bishop of Cloyne, died. The very next year, 885, brought worse. Fearghal, the Abbot, and Uamanian, the Prior of Cloyne, were slain by the Danes. Two of the settlement's leaders gone in a single year, one by death and two by violence. The annals kept the memory of these men, marking what the raids took from the church at Cloyne.

8. Browne fails to secure Dublin clergy for royal supremacy

   Dublin · city · Dublin · 1538

   Two years after the 1536 parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, Archbishop Browne wrote from Dublin that he had been unable to induce any clergyman, secular or religious, to preach the king's title as Supreme Head. The same parliament had also suppressed abbeys and resumed absentee lands.

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   Yet for all this, Dr. Brown writes to Cromwell two years after (1538) ££ Since my coming over here [to Dublin] I

   have been unable to induce any, either secular or religious, to preach the Word of God, or the King’s just title as Supreme Head over the Church,” 9

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 159

   As the companion tells it

   Coming through Dublin. In 1538, two years after parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, suppressed abbeys and resumed absentee lands, Archbishop Browne wrote from here to Cromwell. Since his arrival, he said, he had been unable to induce any clergyman, secular or religious, to preach the king's just title as Supreme Head.

9. Bruce wastes the Lord Justice's lands at Nenagh

   Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1315

   After being crowned at Dundalk, Bruce marched to Limerick, then to Cashel, and thence to Nenagh, where he wasted all the Lord Justice's lands.

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   “ But the following year he returned with a more powerful army, committed great ravages, and caused himself to be crowned king at Dundalk. From the north he marched to Limerick ; about Palm Sunday came to Cashel ; and thence to Nenagh, where he wasted all the Lord Justice’s lands.

   “ The English assembled an army of 30,000 men at Kilkenny ; and in Easter week, 1317, Sir Roger de Mortimer, who was appointed Lord Justice, landed at Youghal with 38 knights, upon whose arrival Bruce fled into Ulster, but he was pursued by the Lord Justice, who encountering him slew him and most of his men, and presented his head to King Edward II. The Connaught rebels being animated with the success gained by Bruce on his first arrival, entered this province and slew the Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles de Cogan, and eighty of the Barrys and Lawlers.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 115

   As the companion tells it

   As the road takes you through Nenagh, this is the town Edward Bruce reached in 1315. He had returned to Ireland with a more powerful army and caused himself to be crowned king at Dundalk. From the north he marched to Limerick, came to Cashel about Palm Sunday, and from there to this town, where he wasted all the Lord Justice's lands. The English then gathered an army of 30,000 men at Kilkenny. In Easter week of 1317, Sir Roger de Mortimer, who had been appointed Lord Justice, landed at Youghal with 38 knights. Bruce fled into Ulster. The Lord Justice pursued him, encountered him, and slew him and most of his men. He presented Bruce's head to King Edward II. The Connaught rebels, animated by Bruce's early success, entered the province and slew Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles de Cogan, and eighty of the Barrys and Lawlers.

10. Cannaway churchyard ruins and priest's altar

    Cannaway · parish · Cork · 1690–1699

    Downes describes Cannaway parish as having no church and no Protestants. A vault in the churchyard was made into an altar by the Catholic priest about a year before his visit, and Denis Sweeney served as priest of the parish.

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    “ In the parish of Adnageehy, David Terry, papist, gives the seventh part of his nnlk to the poor. In Abbey strowry the rector or vicar usually demands, besides his |burying fees, when the man of the family or widow dies worth £$, He sum of 13s. 4ch, as a mortuary. If the man dies worth less than they demand his second best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu thereof. In Dromdaleague parish Felix McCarthy is priest ; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complains that Papists teach public school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant; William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish, no church, no Protestant ; there is the ruins of a house in the church-yard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was ^buried : Denis Sweeney is priest of this parish and Macromp.

    Of Durrus, he writes : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 186

    As the companion tells it

    This is the parish of Cannaway, in Cork. A survey from the 1690s, by a man named Downes, found no church here and no Protestants in the parish. What stood in the churchyard were the ruins of a house and a vault that was still whole. About a year before Downes came, someone of note was buried in that vault. When that burial happened, the Catholic priest of the parish built an altar inside it. His name was Denis Sweeney. He served as priest of Cannaway and of Macromp. In a parish with no church standing, the priest had taken the vault in the churchyard and made it into an altar. No Protestants, no church, but a priest who found a way to make a place for worship from what was there.

11. Charming Sally crew rescued and brought to Cork, 1738

    Cork · city · Cork · 1738

    In June 1738 the Bristol ship Charming Sally struck a huge grampus west of Ireland and was severely damaged. The crew kept the vessel afloat for five days before being taken off by a Portuguese sloop bound for Cork, arriving safely in the city.

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    ‘ June, 1738. The Charming Sally, of Bristol (Captain John Madden, commander), when within 300 leagues west¬ ward of Ireland, struck against a grampus of enormous size. The ship gave a terrible bound, and overset all the chests, etc., in the cabin and between decks. It was supposed that the fish was cut dreadfully, as the sea was stained with his blood. Shortly afterwards the ship began to fill with water, and upon examination it was found to have been much injured, and to prevent her sinking the crew stuffed pieces of beef and pork between the planks, and by continual pumping kept her above the water for five days, at the end of which period they met a sloop from Portugal, bound to Cork, into which they went, and thus arrived safe in this city in a few days.”

    Ruins of the Castle of Kilcoleman, Buttevant.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 308

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, it is worth remembering that in June 1738 this city was the safe harbour for the crew of the Charming Sally, a ship out of Bristol under Captain John Madden. She was 300 leagues west of Ireland when she struck a grampus of enormous size. The ship gave a terrible bound and overset all the chests in the cabin and between decks. The sea was stained with blood, and it was supposed the fish was cut dreadfully. The ship began to fill with water and was found to be much injured. To prevent her sinking, the crew stuffed pieces of beef and pork between the planks, and by continual pumping kept her above the water for five days. At the end of that period they met a sloop from Portugal, bound to Cork, into which they went, and thus arrived safe in this city in a few days.

12. Christ Church as Knights Templar castellated church

    Cork · city · Cork

    Christ Church in Cork was a castellated church of the Knights Templars, observed on the seventeenth-century map of the city at the same location where it still stood in the author's time. St. Peter's nearby was known as 'Oure Ladye Chapelle.'

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    another. Spenser, as we noted, lived in one about this very time. Prince Rupert — Cromwell — James II., were afterwards entertained in them. You observe Christ Church and St. Peter’s where Christ Church and St. Peter’s are still. The former was a castellated church of the Knights Templars. The latter was known as “ Oure Ladye Chapelle,’

    “ But the most significant object on the map, as it was the chief object of civic care and expenditure, is the great city wall, encircling the whole, with the river for a foss, and six¬ teen towers for a coronal. The eastern walls corresponded with the western side of our present Grand P arade. P ortions of them were lately to be seen near Tobin-street. The Marsh, spreading eastward, is the site of the present South Mall, Patrick-street, and the conterminous streets. It looks on the map decidedly like what Lord Macaulay described it ‘ a desolate marsh, in which a sportsman who pursued the waterfowls sunk deep in the mire at every step.’ The western wall corresponded with the eastern side of the present Duncan - street. The river ran here, as depicted on the map, until the close of the last century. To the west were other marshes, on which now stand Nile-street, Henry-street, the Mardyke, etc. This district was called by our fathers, and is still known as, emphatically, 4 The Marsh.’ The space inside the walls was scarcely a quarter of a mile in length from north to south, and not more than an eighth of a mile in breadth from east to west.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Cork, Christ Church is here in the city, standing where a seventeenth-century map of Cork placed it. On that old map you can see Christ Church and St. Peter's where Christ Church and St. Peter's still stand. Christ Church was a castellated church of the Knights Templars. St. Peter's, close by, was known as "Oure Ladye Chapelle." The map shows more than churches. Its chief object of civic care and expenditure was the great city wall, encircling the whole, with the river for a foss and sixteen towers for a coronal. The eastern walls corresponded with the western side of the present Grand Parade. Portions of them were lately to be seen near Tobin-street. The Marsh, spreading eastward, is the site of the present South Mall, Patrick-street, and the conterminous streets. It looks on the map decidedly like what Lord Macaulay described as "a desolate marsh, in which a sportsman who pursued the waterfowls sunk deep in the mire at every step." The western wall corresponded with the eastern side of the present Duncan-street. The river ran there, as depicted on the map, until the close of the last century. To the west were other marshes, on which now stand Nile-street, Henry-street, the Mardyke, and more. This district was called by our fathers, and is still known as, emphatically, The Marsh. The space inside the walls was scarcely a quarter of a mile in length from north to south, and not more than an eighth of a mile in breadth from east to west.

13. Cork sword and maces lost in 1690 siege

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690

    The Cork Corporation council books record that in July 1690, Mayor Dominick Sarsfield was held responsible for the loss of the city's sword and maces. The council refused him any abatement in price for the lost insignia.

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    “ Whereas Dominick Sarsfield hath made application unto this board for abatement in the price of sword and maces, and being put to the vote whether any abatement should be given him of the same, it was carried by the majority of votes in the negative that noe abatement shall be given him.”

    The following are also of interest : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 413

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city holds a story from 1690. On July 28th that year, the Corporation council books record that Mayor Dominick Sarsfield sought an abatement in the price of the sword and maces he had lost. The board voted, and by majority decided "noe abatement shall be given him."

14. Countess of Desmond submits at Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1583

    Sir Henry Wallop wrote from Clonmel on 10 April 1583 to inform the Earl of Leicester of the Countess of Desmond's submission, and reported a rumour that Desmond himself might come to Clonmel under protection, though he never did. Clonmel served as a centre of English administration during the final suppression of the rebellion.

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    On the ioth of April, 1583, Sir Henry Wallop wrote to the Earl of Leicester to inform him of the submission of the Countess of Desmond, the circumstances of which we have already related. He said there was a “ bruit that Desmond himself should come hither [to Clonmel] in two or three daies, upon a protection but it was only “ a bruit,” for Desmond did not come. “ John Lacy had licence,” he continued, “ to deal with the earle, his master, concerning his submission," and “pleaded him to submit himself simplie to her Majesties mercy, and, in manifestation, to yield himself to the lord general.” But Desmond had not drunk the cup of humiliation to the dregs even then, for though he listened patiently to the suggestion of submitting to the' queen, the idea of suK

    DESMOND SEEING FOR PARDON. s69

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 229

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel was an English administrative centre during the final suppression of the Desmond rebellion. On the 10th of April 1583, Sir Henry Wallop wrote from here to the Earl of Leicester with news that the Countess of Desmond had submitted. He said there was a rumour that Desmond himself might come to Clonmel within two or three days, under protection. It was only a rumour. Desmond did not come. John Lacy had licence, Wallop continued, to deal with the earl, his master, concerning his submission. Lacy urged him to submit himself simply to her Majesty's mercy, and, as proof, to yield himself to the lord general. But Desmond had not drunk the cup of humiliation to the dregs even then. He listened patiently to the suggestion of submitting to the queen, but the idea of seeking pardon was still more than he could swallow.

15. Danes plunder Cloyne and kill its bishops

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 888

    In 888, Cloyne (Cluain-Uamha) was plundered again by the Danes. Bishop and abbot Fergal son of Finachta and sub-abbot Uanan son of Cerin were killed in the attack.

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    A.D. 888. — Cluain-Uamha was again plundered by the Danes, and Fergal son of Finachta, its bishop and abbot, and Uanan, son of Cerin, its sub-abbot, were killed.

    A.D. 1056. — Daighre O’Dubatan, anchorite of Cloyne, died at Glendaloch.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 424

    As the companion tells it

    Cloyne was plundered by the Danes in 888. The record says it was plundered again, so the place had been struck before. They killed Fergal son of Finachta, bishop and abbot, and Uanan son of Cerin, its sub-abbot.

16. Desmond sets up camp at Ballyhourra

    Ballyhoura · townland · Cork · 1579–1583

    After being proclaimed a traitor on 2 November 1579, the Earl of Desmond set up his camp at Ballyhourra in Cork, beginning four years of miserable and fearful war.

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    | The Earl of Desmond had now committed himself so far, that he was proclaimed a traitor on the 2nd November, 1579. The earl set up his camp at Ballyhourra, in Cork, and then began four years of miserable and fearful war. J ames Sussex was seized early in the year 1580 by Cormac MacCarthy, who was theff sheriff of Cork, and so loyal as to win the praises of Sir Henry Sidney, who declared him to be the “ rarest man that ever was born of the Irishry ;” and it certainly was rare for a MacCarthy to signalize himself by devotion to the English cause. *

    i: James was taken to Cork, and after a month’s imprison¬ ment, during which time he daily prepared himself for death, “an order came from Dublin from the lord justice and the council, ordering the mayor to put that noble forth to death, and cut him in quarters and little pieces.” This was accordingly done.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 212

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballyhoura, the Earl of Desmond made his camp after he was proclaimed a traitor on the 2nd of November, 1579. From this place began four years of miserable and fearful war. Early in the year 1580, Cormac MacCarthy, who was sheriff of Cork, seized a man called James Sussex. MacCarthy was so loyal to the English that Sir Henry Sidney praised him, calling him the rarest man that ever was born of the Irishry. It was rare for a MacCarthy to signalize himself by devotion to the English cause. James was taken to Cork and held for a month in prison. Each day he prepared himself for death. Then an order came from Dublin, from the lord justice and the council, telling the mayor to put that noble forth to death, and cut him in quarters and little pieces. The order was carried out.

17. Earl of Kildare garrisons Cork for Perkin Warbeck's support

    Cork · city · Cork · 1498

    In October 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork and placed a strong garrison in the city because the citizens had given assistance to Perkin Warbeck. The same month, he compelled the principal citizens of Kinsale to swear allegiance to King Henry and enter bonds for their future loyalty.

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    In October, 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork, and placed a strong garrison in the city, because of the dis¬ obedience of the citizens in affording assistance to Perkin Warbeck. The same month he caused the principal citizens, and the inhabitants of Kinsale, to take the oath of allegiance to King Henry, and obliged them to enter into bonds and pledges for their future loyalty.

    In November, Perkin Warbeck and his friend, John

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 149

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, in October 1498 the Earl of Kildare marched here and placed a strong garrison in the city. He did it because the citizens had helped Perkin Warbeck. That same month he made the principal citizens of Kinsale swear allegiance to King Henry and enter bonds for their future loyalty.

18. First charter granted to Cork City under Henry II

    Cork · city · Cork

    Cork received its first charter during the reign of Henry II, granting citizens all fields held of the city and the ground on which the city stood, to be held in frank burgage under the same customs and rent as the burgesses of Bristol paid.

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    “ I have granted, and given, and by this my charter confirm to the citizens of Cork, all the fields held of my city of Cork’ and the ground on which the city is now, for my benefit, to increase the strength of the citizens. This is to them and their heirs to hold of me, and my heirs, and to remain in frank burgage by such customs and rent as the burgesses of Bristol, in England, pay yearly for their burgages ; and to secure my

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 144

    As the companion tells it

    Cork got its first charter under Henry the Second. He granted the citizens all fields held of the city and the ground the city stood on, to be held in frank burgage under the same customs and rent as the burgesses of Bristol paid yearly for their burgages. The charter says he did it for his benefit, to increase the strength of the citizens, and that it was to them and their heirs to hold of him and his heirs.

19. Florence MacCarthy's camp near Kinsale receives supplies

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1600

    While Florence MacCarthy was in camp beside Kinsale with O'Neil, he received bottles of wine and better relief from his friends, as reported by the bishop of Cork to the English parliament.

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    “ Tike case thus standing, Florence Mac Carthy yet for all this pollitikely and imprudently, gives it forth in private messages to his friends in the towns where he is well favoured, especially in Kinsall, that he continueth loyall to her Majestie, and did what is dene in deep pollicie to Coossen Tirone by warr1 out of England, for the better safety of himself and his countries. The Irish do beleeve this, and hold him for that a good subject, yea and of the English also, not knowing that this was the verie practise of O’Neyll himself at his first entrance into action of rebellion, to dally with the state and the world e, until he had fitted himself, as your honor best knoweth. Florence being in camp besides Kinsall with O’Neyll, had thereout upon his left1;* from his friends bottells of wyne and better relief. I cannot but deliver this unto your honor, wishing it might be looked unto with other of the Towne’s doings. The 2 7th of the last Florence wrote unto Sir Henry Power for protection to parley with him. The council did agree, and gave him ward. The day following comes Florence within two miles of Cork with 300 Connaugh

    1. Lord Barry was warned repeatedly that he woujd suffer for it if he did not join the national party. He was, at least, nominally a Catholic, and the Bishop of Cork joined his entreaties to those of O’Neil and others, enjoining him to help his persecuted brethren. But Lord Barry seems to have had more regard .for the herds of Ibawn, his kine, and his mares, and his garans, than for his religion.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 241

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead is Kinsale. In 1600, Florence MacCarthy was in camp beside this town with O'Neill. He sent private messages to friends in the towns where he was well favoured, especially in Kinsale, saying he remained loyal to her Majesty and that what he had done was deep policy against O'Neill, to draw war out of England, for the better safety of himself and his countries. The Irish believed this and held him a good subject, and some of the English did too, not knowing this was the very practice of O'Neill himself at his first entry into rebellion, to dally with the state until he had fitted himself. Florence being in camp besides Kinsale with O'Neill, had bottles of wine and better relief from his friends there. The bishop of Cork reported this to the English parliament, saying he could not but deliver it, wishing it might be looked into along with other of the town's doings. On the 27th of the last month, Florence wrote to Sir Henry Power asking protection to parley with him. The council agreed and gave him ward. The next day, Florence came within two miles of Cork with 300 Connacht men. Lord Barry had been warned repeatedly that he would suffer if he did not join the national party. He was at least nominally a Catholic, and the bishop of Cork joined his entreaties to those of O'Neill and others, enjoining him to help his persecuted brethren. But Lord Barry seems to have had more regard for the herds of Ibawn, his kine, his mares, and his garans, than for his religion.

20. Franciscan convent of Buttevant, 1251

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1251–1603

    The Franciscan convent of Buttevant was built in 1251 and placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In Elizabeth's reign the friars were driven away, buildings were ruined, and the church preserved only on account of the tombs of nobility buried there.

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    corporate town, and to judge from its ruins it must have been of considerable importance. The Barrys ruled here with regal splendour, and almost with royal power. Smith says : — “ This whole town seems formerly to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses” (History of Cork , vol. i, p. 315), and it merited from Burlase the eulogy that “it was an old nest of abbots and friars.” Ward, in his MS. History, gives the following account of the Franciscan Convent of Buttevant : — “ It was built in 1251, and was placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were several times driven away from it, and some of them were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings, with the exception of the church, were mined, and that was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility there buried, but all the images were broken. Still some of the friars continued to reside there — partly in the conventual buildings, or their ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood.” Wadding also writes regarding this place, Buttefanie, or Buttevanie : — “ The town was formerly large and frequented, now it is reduced and poor. Two illustrious families — the Barrys and the Lombards — had their residence there. Some say that the convent was erected by the Barrys, others by the Pendergasts, but I think it was by the Barrys, whose magni¬ ficent tomb was erected in the middle of the choir, and whose family always evinced their piety towards our order. In the church are many sepulchres of nobles. It is wonderful with what care the friars have repaired some of the ruins of this convent. . In the crypt is an immense collection of bones and skulls, which are probably supposed to be the remains of those who fell in the sanguinary battle of Knockninoss, on the 1 3th of November, 1647. Among those who were slain on this occasion are the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. It is said, however, that a great portion of these human bones were brought to this church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile distant, by a farmer who got possession of the abbey-land and graveyard, and who was justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 394

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Buttevant was once an assemblage of churches and religious houses. The Barrys ruled there with regal splendour, and almost with royal power. Two illustrious families, the Barrys and the Lombards, had their residences in the town. The Franciscan convent was built in 1251, and in 1260 it was placed under the care of the Superior of Cork. Some say the Barrys founded the convent, others say the Pendergasts. Wadding believed it was the Barrys, whose magnificent tomb stood in the middle of the choir, and whose family always showed their piety towards the Franciscan order. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were driven away several times. Some were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings were ruined, with the exception of the church. That was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility buried there, though all the images were broken. Still, some friars continued to live there, partly in the conventual buildings or their ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood. The church held many sepulchres of nobles, and the friars repaired some of the ruins with great care. In the crypt there is an immense collection of bones and skulls. These are probably the remains of those who fell in the battle of Knockninoss on the 13th of November, 1647. Among the slain was the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. It is said, however, that a great portion of these bones were brought to the church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile distant, by a farmer who had taken possession of the abbey-land and graveyard, and who was justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.

21. French fleet mistook Dursey for Mizen Head

    near Dursey Island · townland · Cork · 1796

    The French fleet came within view of the Irish coast in three days after leaving Brest but mistook Dursey Island for Mizen Head, delaying their arrival at Bantry Bay until 24 December 1796.

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    “December 14, 1796. — A French fleet, consisting of 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels, sailed from Brest with 25,000 troops. The signal having been given for sailing out through the passage de Baz, La Fraternite, frigate, with the admiral and General Hoche on board, and a few other ships succeeded ; but it was by the passage de Flotes that the greater part of the fleet bore out to sea, and the first division being unable to join them in con¬ sequence of a gale of wind coming on, the admiral’s vessel was separated from the rest of the fleet. Several of the ships were wrecked. The remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but having mistaken the Dursey for the Mizen Head, did not reach Bantry Bay until the 24th. On the morning of the 23rd the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts which arrived of a large fleet having been seen off Bantry. The militia and fencible regiments were immediately despatched to this town, whilst the loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms, and a detachment of cavalry from both escorted the artillery to Bandon, and other parts of them went off to the different towns of Munster, to order in the military quartered there. All the citizens capable of carrying arms enrolled themselves amongst the yeomanry, and a determined resolution to resist the invader seemed to pervade every class of the population. On the 24th, the French fleet, consisting of seven ships of the line, and two ships armie en flute , beside frigates and trans¬ ports, making in the whole seventeen sail, anchored in the bay. Lieutenant Prosheau, a French officer, with eight men, was driven on shore in a boat, in an attempt to leave one of the vessels which had been dismasted in the late storm. Being taken prisoners by the peasantry they were sent to Cork, and from thence to Dublin, to be examined before the Privy Council. The French fleet remained in the bay until the 27th, when they quitted their station without having made any further attempt to land, and on the 28th the last division sailed out of the bay. On the 30th four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, two razures, and two corvettes,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 323

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Dursey Island, a French fleet came within view of the Irish coast in December 1796 and mistook this place for Mizen Head. On December 14, 1796, a French fleet sailed from Brest: 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels, carrying 25,000 troops. La Fraternite, a frigate with the admiral and General Hoche on board, and a few other ships succeeded through the passage de Baz. But the greater part of the fleet bore out to sea by the passage de Flotes. A gale came on, the admiral's vessel was separated from the rest, and several ships were wrecked. The remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but having mistaken Dursey for Mizen Head, did not reach Bantry Bay until the 24th. On the morning of the 23rd, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts of a large fleet seen off Bantry. The militia and fencible regiments were despatched to the town. The loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms. Cavalry escorted artillery to Bandon, and others went to different towns of Munster to order in the military quartered there. Citizens capable of carrying arms enrolled themselves amongst the yeomanry. On the 24th, the French fleet, seven ships of the line and two ships armie en flute, beside frigates and transports, seventeen sail in all, anchored in the bay. Lieutenant Prosheau, a French officer, with eight men, was driven on shore in a boat, attempting to leave a vessel dismasted in the late storm. Taken prisoners by the peasantry, they were sent to Cork, and thence to Dublin, to be examined before the Privy Council. The fleet remained until the 27th, when they quitted their station without any further attempt to land. On the 28th the last division sailed out of the bay.

22. Gill Abbey ruins and St. Patrick's cave near Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    The ruins of Gill Abbey are situated one mile from Cork, opposite a well called by the English 'Sunday Spring,' on the south side of the sea. A cave extending far underground is traditionally associated with St. Patrick, who is said to have resorted there often for prayer.

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    “ opposite the well called by the English ‘ Sunday Spring,5 to the south side of the sea. Here is a cave which extends far under the ground, where they say St. Patrick resorted often for prayer.”

    The County of Cork Grand Jury Presentments at the close of the 1 7th century detail some facts of the deepest interest. In 1687 they present — “ That the Protestant clergy, under colour of law, exact from the Roman Catholick subjects several sums of christening, purification, burying, and book money, and sue them in their spiritual courts, and commit them to prison, so dispeopling the country, etc. That there¬ fore your lordship would favourably represent the same to the government, or otherwise make such order that may hinder these inconveniences ; and the rather because the like duties are not demanded in any other Christian country by the clergy, nor from any other but the Roman Catholics. In 1694 they present— an address to the judge, complaining of the Popish clergy that come from beyond the sea, and praying for the suppression of Popish schools. In 1696 they state “ That John Mulcoroy, a Popish priest, and others, are out on their keeping, and cannot be taken by warrant. We, there¬ fore, pray they may be ordered to surrender themselves by a certain day, or that they may be proclaimed rebels and traitors to the government.” In the following year they complain — “ That Cornelius Crowley, alias Maddery, of Skibbereen, and Owen Mac Owen Sullivan, of Kilcaskin parish, and others, all Irish Papists, have taught • school and continue

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 188

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, you are near the ruins of Gill Abbey. In 1644, De la Beullaye described them standing one mile from Cork, opposite a well the English called Sunday Spring, on the south side of the sea. Beneath is a cave that extends far under the ground, where they say St. Patrick resorted often for prayer. The years after brought trouble to Cork. In 1687, the County Cork Grand Jury presented that Protestant clergy, under colour of law, exacted from Roman Catholic subjects several sums of christening, purification, burying, and book money, and sued them in spiritual courts, and committed them to prison, so dispeopling the country. They asked that this be represented to the government, noting that the like duties were not demanded in any other Christian country by the clergy, nor from any but Roman Catholics. In 1694, they addressed the judge, complaining of Popish clergy coming from beyond the sea, and praying for the suppression of Popish schools. In 1696, they stated that John Mulcoroy, a Popish priest, and others, were out on their keeping and could not be taken by warrant. They prayed they be ordered to surrender themselves by a certain day, or be proclaimed rebels and traitors to the government. The following year they complained that Cornelius Crowley, alias Maddery, of Skibbereen, and Owen Mac Owen Sullivan, of Kilcaskin parish, and others, all Irish Papists, had taught school and continue.

23. Gravel at 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish Mountain

    near Mullaghanish · mountain or mountain range · Cork

    Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at the height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish Mountain, nine miles north-west by west of Macroom, giving evidence of great depth of submergence in the sea after glaciation.

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    just north of Cork, near New Glanmire, near Midleton, and beyond Ballinacurra, near Castlemartyr, near Youghal, and m man3' other places. These gravels often contain an ad¬ mixture of far transported materials, such as we do not find in the boulder clay, fragments of sea shells, oysters, etc., have 066H found in tins drift m this county by Mr. F. M. Jennino’s and by Mr. A. B. Wynne. In other parts of Ireland a con¬ siderable number of marine shells have been obtained in this formation. Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at the height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish. Mountain, nine miles N.AV. by W. of Maeroom, giving evidence of the great depth of the submergence in the sea (there is evidence of a similar subsidence in north Wales). In some places, but not yet in Ireland, Arctic shells have been found in these gravels. It seems to have been chiefly during the latter part of this sub¬ mergence that the far- transported boulders were carried about, these are often found lying on mounds of gravel and sand; which circumstances proves that they were left there after the submergence had begun, and also that they must have been borne thither by floating ice. Any rush of water strong enough to leave, often very large, blocks on a mound of gravel, would have swept away the gravel before moving the block. A great many blocks of Galway granite have been found in many parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill, near Midleton. Chalk flints may be found on the east side of Youghal Bay, not only on the shore but in the cliffs of drift, also in Ballycotton Bay. They have been found also on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the N.E. part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might possibly have been brought by vessels in ballast. The nearest chalk with flints that we know of is in Antrim, in N.E. Ireland.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 367

    As the companion tells it

    Mullaghanish is a mountain the road passes near, nine miles north-west by west of Macroom. On this mountain, Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at a height of 2,050 feet, giving evidence of the great depth of submergence in the sea after the ice had passed. There is evidence of a similar subsidence in north Wales. These gravels often contain an admixture of far-transported materials, fragments of sea shells and oysters, such as are not found in the boulder clay. Mr. F. M. Jennings and Mr. A. B. Wynne found fragments of sea shells in this drift in the county of Cork. In some places, but not yet in Ireland, Arctic shells have been found in these gravels. It seems to have been chiefly during the latter part of this submergence that the far-transported boulders were carried about. These are often found lying on mounds of gravel and sand, which proves they were left there after the submergence had begun, and that they must have been borne thither by floating ice. Any rush of water strong enough to leave very large blocks on a mound of gravel would have swept away the gravel before moving the block. A great many blocks of Galway granite have been found in many parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill, near Midleton. Chalk flints may be found on the east side of Youghal Bay, not only on the shore but in the cliffs of drift, and also in Ballycotton Bay. They have been found on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the north-east part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might possibly have been brought by vessels in ballast. The nearest chalk with flints that we know of is in Antrim, in north-east Ireland.

24. Kerry granted to Raymond le Gros, origin of Fitzmaurice family

    Lixnaw · town · Kerry · 1173

    In gratitude for Raymond le Gros's assistance against his rebellious son, King Dermod MacCarthy bestowed a considerable portion of Kerry on him. Raymond settled his eldest son Maurice there, originating the Fitzmaurice family, barons of Lixnaw, now represented by the Marquis of Lansdowne.

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    Desmond’s eldest son was in rebellion against Ins father, and according to the fatal custom of the times, the father called in foreign aid to suppress the domestic broil. He asked the assistance of Raymond le Gros, who was then besieging Limerick, and Raymond set out without a moment’s hesitation, seized Cormac, and delivered him to his father, who had him beheaded. In gratitude for his assistance, Dermod bestowed a considerable portion of Kerry on Raymond. Raymond handed over the part to his eldest son, and so originated the family of Fitzmaurice, barons of Lixnau, now represented by the Marquis of Lansdowne.

    It was a time of feuds, and the English barons were quite as willing to fight with and dispossess each other, as they were to fight with and dispossess the “ common enemy.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

    As the companion tells it

    Lixnaw in Kerry is the town the road passes through. The story goes back to 1173. Desmond's eldest son Cormac had risen in rebellion against his father, Dermod MacCarthy. Following the custom of those times, the father called in foreign aid to settle a family quarrel. He asked Raymond le Gros, who was then besieging Limerick. Raymond came without hesitation, seized Cormac, and handed him to his father, who had him beheaded. In gratitude, Dermod bestowed a considerable portion of Kerry on Raymond. Raymond handed that part over to his eldest son, Maurice. From that came the family of Fitzmaurice, barons of Lixnaw, now represented by the Marquis of Lansdowne. It was a time of feuds, and the English barons were as willing to fight and dispossess each other as they were to fight the common enemy.

25. Mutineers escape from Cork bridewell

    Cork · city · Cork · 1795

    Sergeant Mulhall of the 105th Regiment and others involved in a recent mutiny escaped from the bridewell of Cork city before undergoing punishment. It was reported that Freemasons to which Mulhall belonged may have been involved in the escape.

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    “October n, 1795. — Sergeant Mulhall, of the 105th, and some others who had been concerned in the late mutiny, escaped from the bridewell of This city, previous to their undergoing the punishment they were to have received for the offence. It was said that the freemasons to which he belonged were concerned in his escape.

    “April 28, 1796. — The foundation stone of a Eoman Catholic chapel was laid in Bandon.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 322

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, in October 1795 Sergeant Mulhall of the 105th Regiment and some others who had been concerned in a late mutiny escaped from the bridewell of this city, before the punishment they were to receive for the offence. It was said that the Freemasons to which Mulhall belonged were concerned in his escape.

26. Ploughshares placed in Cork streets as protest

    Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1603

    When the lord lieutenant entered Cork, the people placed ploughshares along both sides of the street to draw attention to the misery they had suffered from being unable to till their lands in peace.

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    When the lord lieutenant entered the city the people placed plow shares on each side of the street, to call attention to the misery they had so long suffered from not being allowed to till their lands in peace. Smith is pleased to call this “ silly.” Perhaps if he had endured the same misery he might have altered his mode of expression.

    For once some little mercy was shown, and example was made of “only some few of the ringleaders.” They were tried by an “ Irish jury” and acquitted, “ though there was full and undeniable evidence against them.”9

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 277

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is a story from between 1600 and 1603. When the lord lieutenant entered the city, the people placed ploughshares on each side of the street, to call attention to the misery they had so long suffered from not being allowed to till their lands in peace. Smith, a writer on Cork, calls this silly. Perhaps if he had endured the same misery he might have altered his expression. For once some little mercy was shown, and an example was made of only some few of the ringleaders. They were tried by an Irish jury and acquitted, though there was full and undeniable evidence against them.

27. Plundering raid from Muskerry to Iveragh

    Iveragh · barony · Kerry · 1581

    Sir John Desmond led a hosting against Mac Carthy More, remaining two or three days plundering and traversing his territory from Muskerry to Iveragh before returning with an immense prey of cattle to Magunihy, described as the greatest seen in one place.

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    “ Another hosting was made by John, the son of James, in the month of J une, against Mac Carthy More, and he remained two or three days plundering and traversing his territory, from Muskerry to Ui-Rathach [Iveragh], and he then returned with prizes and spoils to Magh-y-Conchinne [Magunihy]. Those who beheld them declared that they never had before seen such a great pray of cattle in one place.

    “ The Earl of Desmond was encampted at Uch-da-eo [Aghado, near Killarney], and at the time an English captain, namely, Sinitoe [Zouch], was appointed by the queen and the lord justice to preside over Desmond and Kerry. The captain marched day and night with a party of cavalry to make an attack on the camp of the Earl of Desmond, and it was on a Sunday morning that he arrived at the camp. The earl and all those who were with him were at this time buried in deep sleep and profound slumber, for they had remained vigilant on the watch all the night, and until that time. This captain immediately and alertly attacked all those whom he found straying in the streets, and slew them without mercy, nor did he wait for battle or engagement, but proceeded directly until he reached Castlemaine.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    The barony of Iveragh lies along this road. In 1581, another hosting was made by John, the son of James, against Mac Carthy More. In the month of June he came and remained two or three days plundering and traversing his territory, from Muskerry to Iveragh. He then returned with prizes and spoils to Magunihy. Those who beheld them declared that they had never before seen such a great prey of cattle in one place. The Earl of Desmond was encamped at Aghadoe, near Killarney. An English captain, Zouch, had been appointed by the queen and the lord justice to preside over Desmond and Kerry. This captain marched day and night with a party of cavalry to make an attack on the camp of the Earl of Desmond, and it was on a Sunday morning that he arrived at the camp. The earl and all those who were with him were at this time buried in deep sleep and profound slumber, for they had remained vigilant on the watch all the night and until that time. This captain immediately and alertly attacked all those whom he found straying in the streets, and slew them without mercy. Nor did he wait for battle or engagement, but proceeded directly until he reached Castlemaine.

28. Poor cabin dwellers offer provisions to marching soldiers

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1779

    When troops marched from Cork toward Bandon during the 1779 Bantry Bay alarm, the lower classes of people along the route offered soldiers every provision their poor cabins could afford. The gesture demonstrated the hospitality of impoverished rural dwellers between Cork and Bandon.

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    “ Being the king’s birth- day, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells. At ten o’clock the different armed societies were reviewed in the camp field ; at noon they and the 8 1 st, or Highland Regiment, assembled on the mall and fired three rounds. About three o’clock an express arrived to the com¬ manding officer here frofti Major-General Flower Mocher, then at Kinsale, ordering the Highland Regiment to be ready . to march at the shortest notice, as the general had received a report stating that a fleet, consisting of several ships of the tine, and a great number of frigates and transports, supposed to be French, was seen in Bantry Bay. This communication threw the inhabitants into the greatest consternation. The commanders of the armed societies immediately ordered their drums to beat to arms, and in a very short space of time, the entire body collected again in the mall. At seven in the evening another express arrived from General Mocher, order¬ ing the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale, and repair from thence to Bantry. This order was immediately com¬ plied with. A great number of Roman Catholic gentlemen immediately offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellow-citizens, and were well received. The care of the city in the mean time devolved on the governor. The mayor summoned a council to consider what was necessary to be done on so alarming an occasion. The gentlemen of the True Blue Society immediately took the guard, and £ kept the police’ in the greatest regularity for the night. Early on the following morning the Highland Regiment returned to town, having received counter orders, as the express sent to Bantry had returned with an account that the alarm was groundless, the fleet having been found to be an English one, which had fired several guns in honour of the day. The lower classes of the people, between this and Bandon, showed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, by offering them every provision their poor, but hospitable cabins, afforded. All the troops in Kinsale, consisting of upwards of 2,000 men, marched to Bandon, and lay all night under arms.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 320

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon, in County Cork, was the destination of a hurried march of soldiers one summer day in 1779. The trouble began in Cork, on the king's birthday. The morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells. At ten o'clock the armed societies were reviewed in the camp field, and at noon they and the 81st, the Highland Regiment, assembled on the mall and fired three rounds. Then, about three o'clock, an express arrived from Major-General Flower Mocher at Kinsale. He had received a report that a fleet, several ships of the line and a great number of frigates and transports, supposed to be French, had been seen in Bantry Bay. The news threw the inhabitants into the greatest consternation. The commanders of the armed societies ordered their drums to beat to arms, and the entire body collected again in the mall. At seven in the evening another express came from General Mocher, ordering the Highlanders to march immediately to Bandon, where he would join them with his forces from Kinsale and repair from thence to Bantry. A great number of Roman Catholic gentlemen offered themselves as volunteers to join with their Protestant fellow-citizens, and were well received. The True Blue Society took the guard and kept the police in regularity for the night. The order was obeyed at once, and the Highlanders set out. Along the road, the lower classes of the people between Cork and Bandon showed their good wishes to the soldiers on their march, by offering them every provision their poor, but hospitable cabins, afforded. All the troops in Kinsale, upwards of 2,000 men, marched to Bandon and lay all night under arms. But early the following morning the Highland Regiment returned to town, having received counter orders. The alarm was groundless. The fleet had been found to be an English one, which had fired several guns in honour of the day.

29. Siege and capture of Kincurran

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork · 1601

    Kincurran was besieged by the Lord Deputy and taken, an exploit which brought a special letter of thanks from Queen Elizabeth in her own autograph. The author notes the queen's reward seems disproportionately generous for so small a service.

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    Kincurran was besieged by the Lord Deputy and taken, a exploit which brought a special letter of thanks from the queen to her faithful George, in her own autograph, which must have worked strangely in her to induce so great a reward for so small a service.

    The Lord President was to interrupt the northern chiefs, but the country fell wide, gave no help in the way of

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 250

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, the Lord Deputy besieged and took Kincurran in 1601. The exploit earned a special letter of thanks from Queen Elizabeth, written in her own hand, to her faithful George. The author notes the queen's reward seems strangely generous for so small a service.

30. Thomas Fitzmaurice sits in Dublin parliament, 1295

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1295

    Thomas Fitzmaurice, Lord Offaly and captain of all Desmond, married the daughter of John Lord Barry and sat as Lord Offaly in a parliament held in Dublin on 18 October 1295. He claimed to be the king's sheriff in the counties of Cork, Waterford, and Kerry.

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    I.’s grant to his grandfather, John Fitz Thomas, whose heir he was. He married the daughter of John, Lord Barry, and sat as Lord Offaly in a parliament held in Dublin the 18th of October, 1295, (by John Wogan, who then succeeded him in his office) : left two sons — (1) John, who was the eighth Lord Offaly, and was created Earl of Kenmare ; and (2) Maurice, created Earl of Desmond. He died, according to Henry of Marlborough, in 1298. In the same parliament sat also Maurice Fitz Maurice, the second lord of Kerry, and to him King Edward I., in 1297, sent his writ cf summons to assist him in an expedition to Scotland, which he obeyed by going thither with his horse and arms, prepared for that service.”

    5. It is to be feared the sheriffs could not always have worked harmoniously, and that the “ high justice ” of these “absolute palatines” sometimes consisted in the enforcement of their own will and pleasure. By way of complicating matters still further, the native Irish observed their own laws ; and the Brehor. Code, with its presumptive claims of some thousand years and more, was their rule of legal right and wrong.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dublin, this is the city where Thomas Fitzmaurice sat as Lord Offaly in a parliament held on the 18th of October, 1295. The parliament was held by John Wogan, who then succeeded him in his office. Thomas had married the daughter of John, Lord Barry. He left two sons: John, who became the eighth Lord Offaly and was created Earl of Kenmare, and Maurice, who was created Earl of Desmond. According to Henry of Marlborough, Thomas died in 1298. In that same parliament sat Maurice Fitz Maurice, the second lord of Kerry. Two years later, in 1297, King Edward the First sent him a writ of summons to assist in an expedition to Scotland. He obeyed, going there with his horse and arms, prepared for that service. The sheriffs in these lands could not always have worked harmoniously. The high justice of these absolute palatines sometimes consisted in the enforcement of their own will and pleasure. The native Irish observed their own laws, and the Brehon Code, with its presumptive claims of some thousand years and more, was their rule of legal right and wrong.

31. Vicar-Apostolic's letter from Waterford on Catholic suffering

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1606

    The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of sufferings of Irish Catholics to Cardinal Baronius, dated Waterford, 1st May 1606. He described how soldiers pursued defenceless priests day and night and there was scarcely a safe retreat for Catholics.

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    The penal statutes were renewed, and enforced with in¬ creased severity. Several members of the Corporation and some of the principal citizens of Dublin were sent to prison ; similiar outrages on religious liberty were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these gentle¬ men were only asked to attend the Protestant church once, but they nobly refused to act against their conscience even once, though it should procure them freedom from imprison¬ ment, or even death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation for the faith at this period to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated “Waterford, 1st of May, 1606.” He says : — “ There is scarcely a spot were Catholics can find a safe retreat. The impious soldiery, by day and night, pursue the defenceless priests, and mercilessly persecute them. Up to the present

    348

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 283

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, in 1606, was a city under pressure. Penal statutes had been renewed and enforced with severity. Members of the Corporation and principal citizens of Dublin were sent to prison, and similar outrages fell on Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these men were asked only to attend the Protestant church once, but they refused to act against their conscience even once, though it might free them from prison or death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated Waterford, the 1st of May 1606. He wrote that there was scarcely a spot where Catholics could find a safe retreat. The soldiery, by day and night, pursued the defenceless priests and persecuted them mercilessly.

32. William Roche, Archdeacon of Cloyne, appointed auxiliary bishop

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 1461

    In 1461, William Roche (alias De Rupe), Archdeacon of Cloyne, was appointed auxiliary bishop to the aged Dr. Jordan with right of succession to the united sees. He was described as of noble lineage and distinguished by zeal, prudence, and learning, but proved displeasing to both the aging bishop and the English monarch.

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    1 kirty years later intelligence was conveyed to Pope Pius II. that this bishop, weighed down by the burden of eighty 3^ ears, was no longer able to exercise his episcopal functions, the more so as he was subject to frequent infirmities, and suffering from an excessive weakness of sight. Hence, on 27th of May, 1461, we find. William Roche (alias De Rupe) appointed auxiliary bishop of Dr. Jordan, with right of succession to the united sees. In the brief of appointment he is styled “Archdeacon of Cloyne, of noble lineage, distinguished by his zeal, prudence, and learning “ aliarumque virtutum doms quibus eum Altissimus insignivit” (Monument. Vatic., page 430.) This prelate, however, was not pleasing to the aged bishop, whilst he was specially distasteful to the English monarch : and to restore peace to the see, Rome found it necessary, in the following year, to relieve Dr. Roche of the duties of auxiliary bishop.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 172

    As the companion tells it

    In the town of Cloyne, in 1461, word reached Pope Pius the Second that Dr. Jordan, the bishop, was weighed down by eighty years and no longer able to carry out his episcopal duties. He suffered frequent infirmities and excessive weakness of sight. So on the 27th of May, 1461, William Roche, also called De Rupe, was appointed auxiliary bishop to Dr. Jordan, with right of succession to the united sees. In the brief of appointment he was styled Archdeacon of Cloyne, of noble lineage, distinguished by his zeal, prudence, and learning, and, as the document says, "other virtues with which the Almighty has adorned him." But this prelate was not pleasing to the aged bishop, and he was specially distasteful to the English monarch. To restore peace to the see, Rome found it necessary the following year to relieve Dr. Roche of the duties of auxiliary bishop.

33. Zouch's surprise attack on Castlemaine

    Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1581

    Captain Zouch marched on Castlemaine early in 1581 and surprised the Earl of Desmond, who barely escaped. Sir John Desmond and James Fitzmaurice had been leading a wandering life, plundering through the surrounding country.

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    After the capture of the Fort del Ore, the leaders of the Geraldines were all captured, one by one, and executed. The lord deputy went to Dingle, Captain Zouch was appointed to govern the country, and he marched on Castlemaine early in 1581, where he surprised the Earl of Desmond, who escaped with great difficulty. Sir John Desmond and James Fitzmaurice had been leading a wandering life, plundering through the country.

    Under the year 1581, the Four Masters ha\ e the following records : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    Castlemaine in Kerry. Early in 1581, Captain Zouch marched on this town and surprised the Earl of Desmond, who escaped with great difficulty. Zouch had been appointed to govern the country after the lord deputy went to Dingle. The Geraldine leaders had already been captured one by one and executed, following the fall of the Fort del Ore. Sir John Desmond and James Fitzmaurice had been leading a wandering life, plundering through the surrounding country.

34. 1737 Pamphlet on Cork Corporation Disputes

    Cork · city · Cork · 1737

    A pamphlet published in 1737 under the pseudonym Alexander the Coppersmith offered a caustic portrait of Cork's corporation disputes, describing their business as conducted with an undercurrent of personality and undue use of influence. The writer commented on the religion, trade, government, police, customs, manners, and maladies of the city of Cork.

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    We get a curious picture of Cork history from a pamphlet which was published in 173 7A The writer sketches his cynicism under a fictitious name, and alludes in caustic terms to the disputes of the corporation, who appear to have acquired, or, perhaps, inherited, the habit of carrying on their business with an under current of personality and an undue use of the

    from the Roman Catholic subjects several sums for christening, purification, burying, and book money, and sue them in their spiritual courts, and commit them to prison, so dis¬ peopling the country, etc., that therefore your lordship would favourably present the same to the government, or otherwise make such order that may hinder these in con¬ veniences, and the rather because the like duties are not demanded in any other Christian country by the clergy, nor from any others but the Roman Catholics. ” The bitter hatred between Catholics and Protestants was terribly intensified by all this. As an example we may notice the will of John Langley, of Bandon, who ordered his body to be kept above ground for six days and nights, and to have fifty Irishmen invited to the wake, and well supplied with beer, “ so that when they get drunk they may kill each other, and in this way do something towards lessening the damned breed.” See Bennett's History of Bandon , where the genuineness of the document is vouched for ; it is still in existence. It is simply horrible to think of any man going before his Maker in such dispositions. Langley was one of Cromwell’s soldiers.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 314

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, in 1737 a pamphlet appeared under the fictitious name Alexander the Coppersmith. The writer drew a caustic picture of the corporation's disputes, describing their business as carried on with, in his words, an under current of personality and an undue use of influence. The pamphlet touched on religion, trade, government, police, customs, manners, and the maladies of the city. The religious bitterness it alluded to was real. Roman Catholics were charged sums for christening, purification, burying, and what was called book money. Clergy sued them in spiritual courts and committed them to prison, dispeopling the country. These duties were not demanded in any other Christian country, nor from any but Roman Catholics. The hatred between Catholics and Protestants was intensified by all this. John Langley of Bandon, one of Cromwell's soldiers, ordered in his will that his body be kept above ground for six days and nights. He wanted fifty Irishmen invited to the wake and well supplied with beer, in his words, so that when they get drunk they may kill each other, and in this way do something towards lessening the damned breed. The document is still in existence, its genuineness vouched for in Bennett's History of Bandon.

35. Capp of Maintenance lost on surrender of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1690–1703

    In January 1703, the Cork Corporation noted that the Capp of Maintenance, anciently belonging to the city, was carried away with the sword and maces upon the surrender of the city or otherwise lost. A new one was ordered to be procured from Dublin.

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    “21 January, 1703. — Whereas the Capp of Maintenance, anciently belonging to this city, was carried away with the sword and maces, upon the surrender of this city, or otherwise lost, so that there has been no such thing ever since. Now, for as much as the same was anciently granted as a badge of honour to this city, it is thought fit that a new one be bought, etc., the mayor having proposed to send for one to Dublin, is desired to direct that it be after the manner of that citty e’s, and that the charge thereof be paid by the chamber laine out of the public revenue, and to be allowed the same in his account.”

    “ It was ordered that the city chest be sent to the mayors house, and all the grants, charters, counterparts of leases, bonds, hooks, and other papers of moment belonging to this corporation, in their own right, or in trust for the hospital of St. Stephens, together with the common seale, be forth wth put therein, and the three keys belonging thereunto be kept by the persons following, viz. : — One by the mayor of the citty for the time being, one by Aid. Daniel Crone, and one by Aid. Wm. Goddard, and the chest to pass from mayor to mayor, and in regard it is conceived yl the present common seale, being made since the late warr is less than the former

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 413

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, this city holds a story from the years after the surrender of 1690. The Capp of Maintenance, anciently belonging to this city, was carried away with the sword and maces upon the surrender, or otherwise lost. There had been no such thing ever since. It was anciently granted as a badge of honour to Cork. On 21 January 1703, it was thought fit that a new one be bought. The mayor proposed to send for one to Dublin, and was desired to direct that it be made after the manner of that city's. The charge was to be paid by the chamberlain out of the public revenue and allowed in his account. It was also ordered that the city chest be sent to the mayor's house. All the grants, charters, counterparts of leases, bonds, books, and other papers of moment belonging to the corporation, in their own right or in trust for the hospital of St. Stephens, together with the common seal, were to be put therein. Three keys belonged to the chest: one kept by the mayor for the time being, one by Alderman Daniel Crone, and one by Alderman William Goddard. The chest was to pass from mayor to mayor. The present common seal, made since the late war, was less than the former.

36. Castle of Kilfeakle and church of Saint Patrick's tooth

    Kilfeakle · townland · Tipperary · 1196

    Colgan records a church in Muskery called Ecclesia deuis, which preserved a tooth of Saint Patrick. The castle of Kilfeakle plundered by Donald Mac Carty probably stood near it, though the place is no longer known.

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    Richard 1 ' “ Donald Mac Carty demolished the castle of Imoa.d. 1196. killy, and killed many of the English ; he also plundered the castle of Kilfeakle. Colgan says there was a church in Muskery called by this name, Ecclesia deuis, from a tooth of Saint Patrick kept there. This castle probably stood near it, but the place is not now known. Soon after the English assembled their forces, which made up a good army, but by the interposition of some mediators, a peace was concluded, and both armies dispersed.

    “ This year died Richard de Carew, a man of great power and name in this kingdom, who built seven al castles in this county.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1196, Donald Mac Carty plundered the castle of Kilfeakle. He had already demolished the castle of Imokilly and killed many of the English. Colgan records that there was a church in Muskery called Ecclesia deuis, the name linked to a tooth of Saint Patrick kept there. The castle of Kilfeakle probably stood near that church, though the place is no longer known. Soon after the plundering, the English gathered their forces into a good army, but mediators stepped in and a peace was concluded, and both armies dispersed. That same year died Richard de Carew, a man of great power and name in this kingdom, who built seven castles in this county.

37. Charleville charter school and Barry Yelverton

    Charleville · town · Cork

    A charter school was established in Charleville, where Barry Yelverton, later Lord Avonmore, learned his classics. The town also had a burial ground called Ballysah, which a parish priest's document indicated should be called Holy Cross.

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    Charleville. — This town was founded by, and obtained its name from, the Earl of Orrery. He writes to the Duke of Ormond “ that he would not allow either a Presbyterian or Papist or fanatic to plant here.” Yet out of the 475 houses, which now form the town, only fourteen are in the occupation of Protestants. A charter school was established here, at which Barry Yelverton (Lord Avonmore) learned his classics.

    There is a burial ground near Charleville, called Ballysah, but I am informed that a document left by a parish priest of Charleville, says that it should be called Holy Cross. An Irish poet, John Mac Donnell, is buried here. He was born in 1691, and his memory is still held in affectionate remembrance amongst the people.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 420

    As the companion tells it

    Charleville takes its name from the Earl of Orrery, who founded the town. He wrote to the Duke of Ormond that he would not allow a Presbyterian, a Papist, or a fanatic to plant here. Yet of the 475 houses that now form the town, only fourteen are occupied by Protestants. A charter school was established in Charleville, and there Barry Yelverton, later Lord Avonmore, learned his classics. Near the town is a burial ground called Ballysah. A document left by a parish priest of Charleville says it should be called Holy Cross. An Irish poet, John Mac Donnell, is buried there. He was born in 1691, and his memory is still held in affectionate remembrance among the people.

38. Cork sheriffs' gold chain ordered as insignia of office

    Cork · city · Cork · 1735

    In January 1735 the Cork corporation ordered that a gold chain with a medal bearing the royal arms on one side and the city arms on the other be provided for each sheriff, to be worn as a mark of distinction during their term and passed to successors.

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    “ 30 January 1 735— Ordered that a gold chain, with a medal at the end of it, on one side bearing his majesty’s arms, and on the other side the arms of the city be provided at the publick expense for each of the sheriffs of the city to be bv them constantly worn as a mark of distinction during their continuance m that office, and to be delivered over by them to their successors, and so on from sheriff to sheriff for ever

    and mfdate’’lflS t0 ** accountable to the <%/or the said chain

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 414

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in January 1735, the corporation ordered a gold chain for each sheriff. The chain was to have a medal at the end, bearing the royal arms on one side and the city arms on the other. It was to be provided at public expense, worn constantly as a mark of distinction during their time in office, and handed over to each successor, passing from sheriff to sheriff. The words of the order say it was to continue for ever, and each sheriff was to be accountable for the chain.

39. Danes repulsed at Loch Lein (Killarney)

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    The first Danish invasion met stout resistance at Loch Lem (Killarney), where the Eoganachts repulsed the Danes with considerable slaughter.

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    The first Danish invasion met with stout resistance at Loch Lem (Killarney), where the Eoganachts repulsed them with considerable slaughter.

    But the booty, of which they had more than a glimpse, was too tempting to be lost without further effort, and another invasion was planned and carried out in 822, during the reign of Fedhlimedh, son of Crimthann, King of Munster.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Killarney sits on Loch Lein, where the first Danish invasion met with stout resistance. The Eoganacts repulsed them with considerable slaughter. But the booty was too tempting to be lost without further effort, and another invasion was planned and carried out in 822, during the reign of Fedhlimedh, son of Crimthann, King of Munster.

40. Desmond ravages barony of Muskery

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1521

    In 1521, James, Earl of Desmond began to ravage and lay waste the barony of Muskery, the territory of Connor Oge MacCarthy, continuing the long-standing feud between the Desmonds and MacCarthys.

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    The country was not very likely to be “quieted” while there were Mac Carthys and Desmonds to keep up the feud. I11 1521 James, Earl of Desmond, began to “ravage and lay waste ” the barony of Muskery, the territory of Connor Oge Mac Carthy. Yet, in 1516, when the Geraldines went to war with each other, and James laid siege to Loch Gur, he was assisted by the Mac Carthys, and the Four Masters call

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 134

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, in 1521, James, Earl of Desmond, began to, in the words of the source, "ravage and lay waste" the barony. This was the territory of Connor Oge MacCarthy. The country was not likely to be quiet while there were MacCarthys and Desmonds keeping up the feud. Yet five years before, in 1516, when the Geraldines went to war with each other and James laid siege to Loch Gur, the MacCarthys had assisted him.

41. Desmond victorious at Ardfert

    Ardfert · town · Kerry

    The Earl of Desmond marched to Ardfert where an engagement took place in which the Geraldines were successful against the queen's forces. Ardfert, already the scene of an earlier siege, again became a focal point of military action during the rebellion.

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    After this act of barbaric vengeance he placed some of his people in Leac Beibhoinn (Lachbeone), which had formerly belonged to the O’Connor Kerry, but had been wrested from it by Lord Kerry during the general disturbance. In the meantime the Earl of Desmond marched to Ardfert, and there another engagement took place, in which the Geraldines were successful. The effects of this war were severely felt by the Fitzmaurices, though they secreted their treasures in the « hollows of trees, or of rocks, or in the subterranean caverns, or under the roots of trees.” Well might the annalist record the melancholy fact that "the lowing of a cow, or the voice

    268 SUBMISSION OP COUNTESS DESMOND.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 229

    As the companion tells it

    Ardfert is a town the road passes through or near. During the rebellion, the Earl of Desmond marched here, and an engagement took place in which the Geraldines were successful against the queen's forces. Ardfert had already seen an earlier siege, and again became a focal point of military action. The effects of this war were severely felt by the Fitzmaurices. They secreted their treasures, as the record says, in the hollows of trees, or of rocks, or in the subterranean caverns, or under the roots of trees. The annalist recorded the melancholy fact that the lowing of a cow, or the voice of a person was rarely heard throughout the country.

42. Earl of Desmond buried at Dominican Convent, Tralee

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1356

    The first Earl of Desmond, who served briefly as viceroy, died in the castle of Dublin in July 1356 but his remains were interred at the family burial place in the Dominican Convent of Tralee.

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    The earl was released from custody at London in 1349, on the joint bond of his father-in-law, Eaoul, Lord Stafford, Thomas de Berkeley, Richard Talbot, and Reginald de Cobham, each of whom personally undertook to produce him within eight days from the time he might be demanded by the king — no slight act of friendship, the fate of former mainprizes being considered. The earl appears to have ingratiated him¬ self with royalty ; for he was taken under the special protection of the king, and it was decided that all questions in connection with him should be referred to the English Council. He was further promoted to the vice-royalty, a.d. 1355, and during his short term of office gave general, if not particular, satisfaction by hanging some of his own relations who had been found guilty of lawless deeds. He died in the castle of Dublin, July, 1356, but his remains were interred at the family burial place in the Dominican Convent of Tralee.

    In 1357 Maurice Oge, or the younger, second earl of Desmond, died suddenly at Castlemaine, and was succeeded in the family honours by his younger brother, John, who died at Youghal in 1369. He was succeeded by his half brother, Gerald, better known as the poet and the hero of romance. From all accounts, it is evident that the earl was in advance of his age in learning, if not in science ; and, as an almost necessary consequence, he attained the reputation of being a magician. His knowledge, however, took a practical, as well as a poetical turn, for we find that he held a prominent place

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 129

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Tralee in Kerry. In 1349 the first Earl of Desmond was released from custody in London on the joint bond of five men. His father-in-law Lord Stafford, Thomas de Berkeley, Richard Talbot, and Reginald de Cobham each personally undertook to produce him within eight days if the king demanded him. The earl then ingratiated himself with royalty. He was taken under the king's special protection, and all questions concerning him were referred to the English Council. In 1355 he was promoted to the viceroyalty, and during his short term he gave general satisfaction by hanging some of his own relations who had been found guilty of lawless deeds. He died in Dublin Castle in July 1356, but his remains were brought here, to the family burial place in the Dominican Convent of Tralee. In 1357 Maurice the younger, second earl of Desmond, died suddenly at Castlemaine. His brother John succeeded him and died at Youghal in 1369. Then came Gerald, known as the poet and the hero of romance. He was in advance of his age in learning, and as a consequence gained the reputation of being a magician.

43. Earthquake felt at Cork and Kinsale (1761)

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1761

    A shock of earthquake was felt at Cork and Kinsale, especially between the gates of Cork, lasting about a minute and undulating east to west. Six hours later, at low water, the tide at Kinsale suddenly rose about two feet and ebbed away in four minutes with great force, repeated several times.

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    “ A shock of an earthquake was felt at Cork and Kin sale, especially between the gates of the former town. It continued about a minute, undulating from east to west, and vice versa ; and in six hours after, near low water, the tide rose suddenly at Kinsale, about two feet higher than it was, and ebbed away in the space of four minutes, with great force, which was repeated several times, but the first time it rose highest.

    “April 15, 1764. — A great number of fellows were at this time in the habit of assembling in Hammond’s field, near Blarney, every Sunday evening, many of them armed with swords, etc., in open contempt of the magistracy, where they divide themselves into two parties in order of battle, and generally maintained a running fight for several hours, in which some of both parties seldom failed of getting broken heads; from thence some of their leaders, after their evening’s diversion, used to remove the scene of action to the city, and continue rioting the remainder of the night. Before the beginning of the previous war, when knocking down, street robberies, and sometimes murders were so frequent here, that the inhabitants were afraid to stir outside their doors after nightfall, it was in those same fields that the ruffians assembled.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 317

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Kinsale now. In 1761, a shock of earthquake was felt here and at Cork, especially between the gates of Cork. It lasted about a minute, undulating from east to west and back again. Six hours later, near low water, the tide at Kinsale rose suddenly about two feet higher than it had been, then ebbed away in four minutes with great force. This was repeated several times, but the first rise was the highest. The book also records what was happening in this county a few years later. On April 15, 1764, a great number of fellows were in the habit of assembling in Hammond's field, near Blarney, every Sunday evening. Many carried swords, in open contempt of the magistracy. They divided into two parties in order of battle and generally maintained a running fight for several hours, in which some of both parties seldom failed to get broken heads. After their evening's diversion, some of their leaders used to remove the scene of action to the city and continue rioting the rest of the night. Before the previous war, knocking down, street robberies, and sometimes murders were so frequent that inhabitants were afraid to stir outside their doors after nightfall, and it was in those same fields that the ruffians assembled.

44. First mayor of Cork Richard Morren appointed 1272

    Cork · city · Cork · 1272

    Richard Morren was appointed the first mayor of Cork in 1272, preceded by John De Spenser as provost in 1199. Morren was succeeded by a long line of 537 magistrates unbroken to 1843, except during ten years of the Commonwealth war.

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    who was provost in 1199. In 1272 the first mayor, Richard Morren, was appointed ; he has been succeeded by a long line of 537 magistrates, unbroken to the year 1843, save during ten years of the war of the Commonwealth, when the city may be said to have changed its inhabitants. We have one ancient instance on record of royal interference in the choice of a chief magistrate : in the case of John Myne, whose election Edward III., in 1329, informed the citizens he had approved of and commanded them to accept him as their mayor, and deliver to him the desk, with the rolls of the Court of the Hundred, the books of green wax, the seal of the chief magistracy, and the keys and all other things belonging to his office. But the parties addressed seem to have either dis¬ regarded or evaded the mandate, for Myne’s name does not occur in the list of mayors until twenty-four years after. A more modern instance brings us down to the year 1835, when the name of the mayor elect was rejected by the Lord Lieu¬ tenant of Ireland, and a new election had to be made, in which a different person was chosen.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 410

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a long history of choosing its own chief magistrate. Before the mayors, John De Spenser held office as provost in 1199. Then in 1272, Richard Morren was appointed the first mayor of the city. From him stretches a line of 537 magistrates, unbroken to the year 1843, save during ten years of the war of the Commonwealth, when the city may be said to have changed its inhabitants. The record gives one ancient case of royal interference in the choice of a chief magistrate. In 1329, Edward III informed the citizens he had approved the election of John Myne and commanded them to accept him as their mayor. They were to deliver to him the desk, the rolls of the Court of the Hundred, the books of green wax, the seal of the chief magistracy, and the keys and all other things belonging to his office. The citizens seem to have disregarded or evaded the mandate, for Myne's name does not occur in the list of mayors until 24 years after. A more modern instance brings us down to 1835, when the name of the mayor elect was rejected by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and a new election had to be made in which a different person was chosen.

45. Kanturk Castle ruins and O'Keeffe castle

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    The ruins of Kanturk Castle consist of a parallelogram 120 by 80 feet flanked by four towers. The building was never finished because Queen Elizabeth commanded its construction stopped, fearing its strength and importance. The O'Keeffes also had a fine castle nearby, now in ruin.

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    Kanturk, Cean tuirc, the hill of the boar. — The ruins of Kanturk castle are remarkable ; they consisted of a paralellogram 120 feet long by 80 feet wide, flanked with four towers. The building was never finished, for the erection was stopped by the command of Queen Elizabeth, as it promised to be a place of great strength and importance. The O’Keeffes had a fine castle in this neighbourhood, now in ruin.

    Killbereherd. — The whole district, says Mr. Brash, abounds with crumleacs, stone circles, pillar stones, raths, and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 435

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Kanturk takes its name from Cean tuirc, the hill of the boar. The castle ruins are remarkable: a parallelogram 120 feet long by 80 feet wide, flanked by four towers. It was never finished. Queen Elizabeth commanded the building stopped, fearing it would become a place of great strength and importance. The O'Keeffes also had a fine castle in this neighbourhood, now in ruin.

46. Lord Barry's country burned by O'Neil

    Barrymore · barony · Cork · 1600

    On the first of March the Council of Munster wrote to Ormond that Lord Barry's country had been entirely burned by O'Neil, because Lord Barry had remained loyal to the crown.

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    a-i such, but matters were changed now, and a decision made in favour of Florence. He now solemnly joined the national cause, and for once flung prudence to the winds. On the first of March the Council of Munster wrote to Ormond that Lord Barry’s country was all burned by O’-Neil.1

    The Protestant bishop of Cork, who took a lively interest in the whole business, wrote frequently to the English par¬ liament; but as he generally obtained his reports from traitors, they could scarcely be quite authentic. No doubt, however, popular rumour supplied a good deal that was true, with the usual embellishments. He says :

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 241

    As the companion tells it

    The barony of Barrymore in Cork saw fire in 1600. On the first of March the Council of Munster wrote to Ormond that Lord Barry's country was all burned by O'Neil. Lord Barry had stayed loyal to the crown, and that loyalty cost him his lands. The burning was total. Florence had joined the national cause, flinging prudence to the winds, and the country around you paid the price.

47. MacCarthy mausoleum and Barry family burials at Cork convent

    Cork · city · Cork

    The MacCarthy family erected a mausoleum for themselves in a Cork convent, where the tombs of the MacCarthys, fourteen knights of Mora, the Barrys, and chief nobles and citizens of the country were located. Over time the MacCarthys divided into several noble families, each building its own convent.

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    The most powerful family of the Mac Carthys also erected a mausoleum for themselves in that convent, till, in the course of time, they were divided into several noble families, each of which built a special convent for its own immediate members. Besides the tombs of the Mac Carthys, and of fourteen knights of Mora, the families of the Barrys and the chief nobles and citizens of that country, are buried there.

    The Dominican Friary, called the Abbey of St. Mary of the Isles, was founded by the Barry family iu 1229. The convent was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and from its insular site — being built on one of the great marshes of “ the five-isled city” — was called “ St. Mary’s of the Island.” The church attached to the convent is noticed in the history of the Order as having been magnificent — “ Magnifica Ecclesia.” Soon after its erection, David Mac Kelly, dean of Cashel, took the habit of a Dominican in his house ; in 1237 he was consecrated bishop of Cloyne ; next year being succeeded in the chair of St. Colman by a brother Dominican, Allan O’Sullivan, he was translated to the metropolitan See of Cashel. Archbishop David introduced into the arch-diocese an affiliation of Friarspreachers from Cork, and built for his brethren a beautiful church and abbey, at a short distance from his own cathedral on the rock of Cashel. His name is celebrated in the works of manv foreign and domestic writers. In 1245 he assisted at the first general council at Lyons, to the acts of which his name is subscribed.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 417

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has long been a city of burials and foundations. The most powerful family of the MacCarthys erected a mausoleum for themselves in a convent here. Over time they were divided into several noble families, and each of those built its own special convent for its immediate members. Besides the tombs of the MacCarthys, the convent held the tombs of 14 knights of Mora. The families of the Barrys were buried there, along with the chief nobles and citizens of that country. The Barry family also founded the Dominican Friary, called the Abbey of St. Mary of the Isles, in 1229. The convent was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It was built on one of the great marshes of the five-isled city, and from that insular site it was called St. Mary's of the Island. The church attached to the convent is noticed in the history of the Order as having been magnificent, described as “Magnifica Ecclesia.” Soon after its erection, David Mac Kelly, dean of Cashel, took the habit of a Dominican in his house. In 1237 he was consecrated bishop of Cloyne. The next year he was succeeded in the chair of St. Colman by a brother Dominican, Allan O'Sullivan, and David was translated to the metropolitan See of Cashel. Archbishop David introduced into the arch-diocese an affiliation of Friars-preachers from Cork, and built for his brethren a beautiful church and abbey at a short distance from his own cathedral on the rock of Cashel. His name is celebrated in the works of many foreign and domestic writers. In 1245 he assisted at the first general council at Lyons, to the acts of which his name is subscribed.

48. Maurice Dubh MacCarthy killed in Muskerry raid

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1565

    In 1565, Maurice Dubh, son of John and grandson of the Earl of Desmond, went on a predatory excursion into Muskerry where the sons of Tiege Mac Carihy overtook and beheaded him. The Four Masters recorded him as 'the firm steel of the Geraldines in the field of danger.'

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    “ Maurice Duv, the son of John, son of the Earl of Desmond, went upon a predatory excursion into Muskery. The sons of Tiege, son of Connor Oge, son of Tiege Mac Carihy, namely, Dermot and Cormac, overtook him, and beheaded him, though the profit of sparing him would have been better than the victory gained by his death. He who was then slain was the firm steel of the Geraldines in the field of danger, the plunderer of his enemies, and the destroyer of his opponents.

    The famous battle of Affane was fought in 1564? i-n which the Earl of Ormond was victorious, and Desmond, when taunted as he was' carried off the field, wounded and a prisoner, made his historically famous speech. “ Where,’ cried the soldiers who bore him, “where is now the great lord of Desmond ?” With grim humour he replied, “ In his proper place— on the necks of the Butlers.” The veracity of this speech as been questioned apparently only because of its extreme cleverness. It does not require very much knowledge of the world, or very brilliant powers of observation, to know that more witty and pointed speeches are made every day in common conversation than are ever recorded in books. It was just such a speech as the haughty Earl of Desmqpd would have been likely to utter, and we, at least, see no reason to doubt that he did use these very words.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 195

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, in 1565, Maurice Duv met his end. He was the son of John, son of the Earl of Desmond, and he came into this country on a predatory excursion. The sons of Tiege overtook him. Tiege was the son of Connor Oge, son of Tiege Mac Carihy, and his sons were Dermot and Cormac. They beheaded Maurice, though the profit of sparing him would have been better than the victory gained by his death. He was called the firm steel of the Geraldines in the field of danger, the plunderer of his enemies, and the destroyer of his opponents. The year before, in 1564, the famous battle of Affane had been fought, in which the Earl of Ormond was victorious. Desmond was carried off the field wounded and a prisoner. The soldiers who bore him cried, where is now the great lord of Desmond. He replied, in his proper place, on the necks of the Butlers. The veracity of this speech has been questioned, apparently only because of its extreme cleverness. But it was just such a speech as the haughty Earl of Desmond would have been likely to utter, and there is no reason to doubt that he did use these very words.

49. O'Brien's attempted conquest of Limerick and Cork, c.1381

    Cork · city · Cork · 1381

    Around 1381, the Earl of Desmond was sent to assuage the malice of O'Brien, who had endeavoured to make a general conquest of Limerick and Cork. This preceded the later request for Irish fosterage of Desmond's son.

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    It is curious and instructive to observe that in 13S1, or some years previous to the above demand for Irish fosterage, the Earl of Desmond had-been sent “ to assuage the malice” of O’Brien, who had endeavoured to make a “general conquest” of Limerick, Cork, and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 142

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1381, was under threat. O'Brien had endeavoured to make a general conquest of Limerick and Cork. The Earl of Desmond was sent to assuage the malice of O'Brien. This came some years before a later demand for Irish fosterage of Desmond's son.

50. Plantation of six Ulster counties agreed in 1609

    Tyrone · townland · Galway · 1609

    The plan of plantation agreed upon in 1609 targeted six counties—Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, Armagh, Fermanagh, and Cavan—parcelling land into portions of 2,000 to 4,000 acres with planters obliged to build bawns and castles. The aim was to expel natives and extirpate Catholic religion.

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    The north suffered in every way quite as much as the south, and it suffered especially from the plan of plantations which was agreed upon in 1609. It was the old plan which had been attempted before, though with less show of legal arrange¬ ment, but with quite the same proportion of legal iniquity. The simple object was to expel the natives, and to extirpate the Catholic religion. The six counties to be planted were Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, Armagh, Fermanagh, and Cavan. These were parcelled out into portions varying from 2,000 to 4,000 acres, and the planters were obliged to build bawns and castles.

    The plan of plantation was simple. It was a practical illustration of the proverb that charity begins at home, omit¬ ting the latter clause, that it should not end there. Chichester

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 284

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1609, a plan of plantation was agreed upon that did great harm to the north. It was an old plan, attempted before with less legal arrangement but the same measure of iniquity. The simple object was to expel the natives and to extirpate the Catholic religion. Six counties were marked for planting: Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, Armagh, Fermanagh, and Cavan. They were parcelled into portions varying from 2,000 to 4,000 acres, and the planters were obliged to build bawns and castles. The plan was simple, a practical reading of the proverb that charity begins at home, leaving out the part that it should not end there. Chichester

51. Plundering of the Deisi to Bealach-Eochaille

    Youghal · town · Cork · 872

    In 872 Cearbhall plundered the Deisi as far as Bealach-Eochaille, an ancient road extending from Lismore to Youghal. This road was a significant route connecting the two settlements.

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    Under the year 865 the Four Masters record a great victory over the Danes at Eochaille (Youghal), where they had entrenched themselves about the middle of this century. In 872 we find the plundering of the Deisi by Cearbhall us far as Bealach- Eochaille?

    5. Duald Mac Firbis, in the Fragments of Annals, printed for the Irish Arch, and Celtic Society, i860.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal sits on an old road. The Four Masters record a great victory over the Danes here in 865, where they had entrenched themselves about the middle of this century. Then in 872, Cearbhall plundered the Deisi as far as Bealach-Eochaille, the road that ran from Lismore to this town.

52. Robert Fitz Stephen lands at Bannow, 1169

    Bannow · townland · Wexford · 1169

    Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, in May 1169 with three hundred archers, thirty knights, and sixty men-at-arms. A second detachment led by Maurice de Prendergast arrived the following day with additional forces.

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    There is considerable uncertainty as to the real date and the precise circumstances of Dermod’s arrival in Ireland. According to one account, he returned at the close of the year 1 1 6 1, and concealed himself during the winter in a monastery of Augustinian Canons at Ferns, which he had founded. The two principal authorities are Giraldus Cambrensis and Maurice Regan — the latter was Dermod Mac Murrough’s secretary. According to his account, Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, in May, 1169, with an army of three hundred archers, thirty knights, and sixty men-at-arms. A second detachment arrived the next day, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, with ten knights and sixty archers. Dermod at once assembled his men, and joined his allies. He could only muster five hundred followers ; but with their united forces, such as they were, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers, laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town at once set forth to meet them; but fearing the result, if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs, and en-

    who was mother to Giraldus Cambrensis. This relationship accounts for the absurd eulogiums which he has lavished on the Geraldines. Demetia is the district now called Pembrokeshire, where a colony of Normans established themselves after the Norman Conquest. — See Thierry’s Norman Conquest.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 102

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in May 1169, Robert Fitz Stephen came ashore at Bannow with three hundred archers, thirty knights, and sixty men-at-arms. The account comes from Maurice Regan, who was secretary to Dermod Mac Murrough. The other principal authority for these events is Giraldus Cambrensis. There is considerable uncertainty about the exact date and circumstances of Dermod's own return to Ireland, but according to Regan's account, Fitz Stephen's landing at Bannow, near Waterford, took place in May 1169. The very next day, a second detachment arrived, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, bringing ten knights and sixty archers. Dermod at once assembled his men and joined his allies. He could only muster five hundred followers. But with their united forces, such as they were, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town at once set forth to meet them. But fearing the result if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs.

53. Schull parish overwhelmingly Catholic, no Bible

    Skull · town · Cork · 1690–1699

    Downes records about four Protestant families and four hundred Catholic families in Schull parish. There was no glebe, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer book in the parish.

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    lias obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families; Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he- has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer 1 o ik . In Kilmoe there are the ruins of’ a chapel at the westr end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. 'Phe church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. There are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papists ; Teige Coghlen is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part, or Skull ; he has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday 1 St. Eooane’s Day.’ At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south¬ west corner of the church-yard. ’Tis supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh, counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, is Popish priest of this and three or four contiguous parishes ; there are more Protestants than Papists ; there was a registry lately bought, and a Bible, and two Common Prayer books. In Desertsurgis there are one hundred and fifty families of Protestants ; no Popish schoolmaster in this parish ; a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought ; Denis Mahony is Popish priest of this parish.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Skull sits in the far west of Cork. In the years after 1690, Downes counted the people of this parish. He found about four Protestant families and about four hundred Catholic families. Daniel Carthy was the Popish priest of the eastern part of the parish, and he had been there since before the late troubles. There was no glebe, no registry-book, no Bible, no Common Prayer book in Skull. In Kilmoe, the western part, there were ruins of a chapel at the west end of the town, dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe was dedicated to St. Briana, also called Brandon, whose festival was observed in the parish. About nine Protestant families and two hundred Papists lived there. Teige Coghlen was Popish priest of Kilmoe and of the western part, or Skull, and had been there about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, taught school about the middle of the parish. All O'Sullivan's country observed St. Eooane's Day as a holiday. At Kinneigh a high round tower stood on the southwest corner of the churchyard, and the church was thought to have been a cathedral. A stone on the southwest corner of the church was counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swore upon. There was a tradition that a well in the churchyard once had great medicinal virtues, but the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, was Popish priest of that and three or four contiguous parishes. There were more Protestants than Papists, and a registry, a Bible, and two Common Prayer books were lately bought. In Desertsurgis, 150 Protestant families, no Popish schoolmaster, a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought. Denis Mahony was Popish priest.

54. St. Engus invokes saints buried in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 793–817

    Around the year 800, St. Engus wrote invoking seventeen holy bishops and seven hundred servants of God who rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan, whose names were written in the heavens. This testifies to Cork's early reputation as a sacred burial site.

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    “ Seventeen holy bishops, and seven hundred favoured servants of God, who rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan, whose names are written in the heavens — all these I invoke into mine aid, through Jesus Christ.”

    And he further invokes all the saints who by their prayers and penitential deeds had sanctified that district : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork, you pass a place of ancient sanctity. Around the year 800, St. Engus invoked seventeen holy bishops and seven hundred servants of God who rest there with Barri and Nessan, whose names he said are written in the heavens. He called on all the saints who by their prayers and penitential deeds had sanctified that district.

55. Union of the dioceses of Cork and Cloyne, 1430

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 1430

    Although Pope John XXII sanctioned the union of Cork and Cloyne as early as 1326 due to the poverty of both sees, the union was not effected until 1430 when both sees were simultaneously vacant. Jordan, chancellor of Limerick, was appointed first bishop of the united dioceses by Pope Martin V.

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    The motive alleged by King Edward III, when soliciting this union, Avas the poverty of both sees. Cork is described as having a revenue of only sixty pounds per annum, and it is added that both sees “ adeo in facultatibus et redditibus suis tenues et exiles sunt, quod earum pracsules singulariter singul* ex eis nequeunt juxta episcopalis status decentiam commode sustentari. Nevertheless, this contemplated union was not carried into effect, and for more than one hundred years we find a distinct and regular succession of bishops in each see. It was only in 1430, when both sees happened to be vacant at the same time, that Jordan, chancellor of Limerick, was appointed by Pope Martin V., first bishop of the united dioceses of Cork and Cloyne.

    1 kirty years later intelligence was conveyed to Pope Pius II. that this bishop, weighed down by the burden of eighty 3^ ears, was no longer able to exercise his episcopal functions, the more so as he was subject to frequent infirmities, and suffering from an excessive weakness of sight. Hence, on 27th of May, 1461, we find. William Roche (alias De Rupe) appointed auxiliary bishop of Dr. Jordan, with right of succession to the united sees. In the brief of appointment he is styled “Archdeacon of Cloyne, of noble lineage, distinguished by his zeal, prudence, and learning “ aliarumque virtutum doms quibus eum Altissimus insignivit” (Monument. Vatic., page 430.) This prelate, however, was not pleasing to the aged bishop, whilst he was specially distasteful to the English monarch : and to restore peace to the see, Rome found it necessary, in the following year, to relieve Dr. Roche of the duties of auxiliary bishop.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 172

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Cloyne gives its name to one of the two dioceses whose union was a long time coming. Pope John XXII had sanctioned the joining of Cork and Cloyne as early as 1326, because both sees were poor. Cork had a revenue of only 60 pounds a year, and both were, in the words of the record, so slender in their means and revenues that their prelates singly could not be maintained in a manner befitting episcopal state. King Edward III later solicited the same union for the same reason. Still, it was not carried out. For more than 100 years there was a distinct and regular succession of bishops in each see. It was only in 1430, when both sees happened to be vacant at the same time, that the union took effect. Jordan, chancellor of Limerick, was appointed by Pope Martin V as first bishop of the united dioceses of Cork and Cloyne. Thirty years later, word reached Pope Pius II that this bishop, weighed down by 80 years, was no longer able to exercise his episcopal functions, the more so as he was subject to frequent infirmities and suffered from excessive weakness of sight. On the 27th of May, 1461, William Roche, also called De Rupe, was appointed auxiliary bishop to Jordan, with right of succession to the united sees. In his brief of appointment he was styled Archdeacon of Cloyne, of noble lineage, distinguished by his zeal, prudence, and learning. This prelate, however, was not pleasing to the aged bishop, and he was specially distasteful to the English monarch. To restore peace to the see, Rome found it necessary, in the following year, to relieve William Roche of the duties of auxiliary bishop.

56. Viking burning of Cork (Corcach)

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Chronicum Scotorum records the burning of Ferna and Corcach (Cork) by Gentiles (Vikings), describing attacks on both churches and territories across Ireland. This event is part of the early Viking incursions into Munster.

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    of Erinn, both churches and territories Burning of Ferna and Corcach by Gentiles.” 6

    A host of three score and five ships landed at Dubhlinn oj A th-cliath1 about 8 73, and so rapid were their movements that the annalists describe them as “ great sea- cast floods of foreigners,” 8 and say that there was not “ a point of Erinn without a fleet.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 59

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was called Corcach. The Chronicum Scotorum records its burning by the Gentiles — the Vikings — along with Ferna, attacking churches and territories across Erinn. Around 873, a host of 65 ships landed at Dubhlinn. The annalists called them "great seacast floods of foreigners" and said there was not "a point of Erinn without a fleet."

57. Woolly Mammoth remains in cave near Dungarvan

    Dungarvan · town · Waterford

    Remains of the Arctic Mammoth or Woolly Elephant (Elephas primigenius) were found in a cave near Dungarvan in County Waterford, just outside County Cork. This extinct species indicates Ireland was once connected to England and the Continent and had a colder climate.

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    The land rose after the submergence to a higher level than that at which it stands at present (this, though probably not indispensable, was one of the conditions which conspired to favour the production of the corry glaciers) ; of this we have direct proof in the submerged bogs to be found off shore in Cork and in many other parts of Ireland. Peat is cut from such bogs near Rosscarbery, and at Tralong Bay, two miles westward thereof, also on the west side of Courtmacsherry Bay. On the east side of Clonakilty Bay the surface of the bog is but little above the sea, but it has been probed to the depth of fifty feet. Such bogs, of course, could only be formed on ground standing above the sea. Another reason for in¬ ferring the greater elevation of the land, at that time, is this, that Ireland must have been united to England and the Con¬ tinent after the general glaciation and subsequent deep sub¬ mergence. In no other way than this can we account for the immigration of the greater part of the land animals into Ireland, some of which animals are now extinct ; such as the Arctic Mammoth or Woolly Elephant ( Elephas primigenius ), whose remains have been found in a cave near Dungarvan, a short way out of this county, in Waterford, and the Irish Elk, as it is sometimes called ( Megaceros H ibernicus ), which was related to the reindeer, and would, probably, prefer a climate colder than that of Ireland is now, and whose remains have bc'en found in this county a little to the S.W. of Charleville, in the townland of Ratkmealey, near Cooliney. We may mention here the Polar bear ( Ursus Maritimus ), though nut extinct, another Arctic animal, whose bones have been found in Lough Gur, Co. Limerick, outside the northern boundary of this county.

    We have no record of stone weapons, etc., of human manu¬ facture having been found, as yet, in the drift of this district.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 368

    As the companion tells it

    Dungarvan, in County Waterford, holds a story from deep time. In a cave near this town, remains were found of the Arctic Mammoth, or Woolly Elephant, a creature scientists call Elephas primigenius. It is extinct now. The animal was suited to a climate far colder than Ireland knows today. The finding matters because of what it tells us about the land itself. After the great glaciation and a deep submergence, the land rose again, higher than it stands now. Ireland must have been joined to England and the Continent. Only so could such animals have made their way here. Submerged bogs off the coast of Cork and elsewhere prove the land once stood higher. Peat is cut from bogs beneath the sea near Rosscarbery, at Tralong Bay, on the west side of Courtmacsherry Bay, and on the east side of Clonakilty Bay, where the bog has been probed to a depth of 50 feet. Such bogs could only have formed on ground above the sea. The mammoth was not alone. The Irish Elk, or Megaceros Hibernicus, related to the reindeer, preferred a colder climate too, and its remains were found in County Cork, southwest of Charleville, in the townland of Ratkmealey near Cooliney. Bones of the Polar Bear, another Arctic animal though not extinct, turned up in Lough Gur in County Limerick. No stone weapons of human make have been found in the drift of this district.

58. Cork Abbey as outpost of Christianization

    Dungarvan · town · Waterford

    The Abbey of Cork served as an outpost of Christianization, with Brother Garvan giving his name to Dungarvan and Christianity to Waterford. Brother Coleman became missioner bishop and patron saint of Cloyne, and Brother Fachnan of Ross.

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    “ The Abbey of Cork,” says a recent writer, “ was a sort of outpost in the work of Christianization. Dungarvan owes its name, and Waterford its Christianity, to Brother Garvan, of the Abbey of Cork ; Brother Coleman became the Missioner Bishop and Patron Saint of Cloyne ; Brother Fachnan, of Ross ; Brother Nessan, of Mungret ; another Coleman, of Ossory ; Brother Brian, of St. Brienne, in France ; and in the North of Scotland brave sons of St. Finnbarr gave his patronage to the city of Caithness, and his name to the island of Barra.”3

    And, he adds, with a noble eloquence worthy of his ancient name : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    Dungarvan takes its name from Brother Garvan of the Abbey of Cork. That abbey was what a recent writer called a sort of outpost in the work of Christianization. Brother Garvan gave his name to this town and gave Christianity to Waterford. From the same abbey went Brother Coleman, who became missioner bishop and patron saint of Cloyne, and Brother Fachnan, who went to Ross. Other brothers went further still. Brother Nessan went to Mungret, another Coleman to Ossory, and Brother Brian to St. Brienne in France. In the north of Scotland, sons of St. Finnbarr gave his patronage to the city of Caithness and his name to the island of Barra.

59. Munster's new corporations depopulated by taxation

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1629

    Under Lords Justices Loftus and Cork, the country was found exhausted and very poor due to levies, cattle mortality, corn scarcity, and trade decay. Most new corporations in Munster were almost depopulated, with Dingle, Tralee, Baltimore, Tallagh, Bandon, Ardfert, Lismore, Cloghnakilty, Askeaton, and Dungarvan petitioning for tax relief.

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    Charles i “ About this time, Lord Falkland was called over to a.d. 1629. England, and the sword committed to the Chancellor Loftus and Earl of Cork as lords justices, who found the country generally exhausted and very poor, occasioned by the above-mentioned levies, the mortality of cattle, scarcity of corn, and decay, of trade. Most of the new corporations in Munster were almost depopulated, particularly Dingle, Tralee, Baltimore, Tallagk, Bandon, Ardfert, Lismore, Cloghnakilty, Askeaton, and Dungarvan, who on the change of governments sent up petitions to be eased of those taxes, setting forth that there were fifty- three corporations in the other provinces that ' only paid with the country at large, upon which the council ordered that they should not for the future pay more than rateable for what lands they had in their liberties ; and the rather, because the charge of the country was by the Earl of

    1. This gentleman came to Ireland as plain Mr. Boyle, with but seventeen pounds in his pocket. His antecedents were not respectable. He had been committed to the Marshalsea in London, for stealing, in 1 597*

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 280

    As the companion tells it

    Through Bandon, in Cork. In 1629, Lord Falkland was called to England, and the sword was committed to Chancellor Loftus and the Earl of Cork as lords justices. They found the country generally exhausted and very poor, brought on by levies, the mortality of cattle, scarcity of corn, and the decay of trade. Most of the new corporations in Munster were almost depopulated. Bandon was among them, along with Dingle, Tralee, Baltimore, Tallagh, Ardfert, Lismore, Cloghnakilty, Askeaton, and Dungarvan. On the change of governments, these corporations sent up petitions to be eased of those taxes. They set forth that there were 53 corporations in the other provinces that only paid with the country at large. The council ordered that they should not for the future pay more than rateable for what lands they had in their liberties.

60. Ancient Cork corporation sword lost

    Cork · city · Cork

    The old corporation sword of Cork, described as the most ancient thing the corporation possessed, was illegally sold by the family of the former sword-bearer. Its current whereabouts are unknown and all members of the family are dead.

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    I have examined the present city of Cork muniments. They are in the custody of the town clerk, and are kept in a large safe, in a room under the court house. They are very modern, bearing the date 1738, mid are decorated with the royal and city arms, and bear the names of the mayor and sheriffs for that city ; so that they cannot be the insignia mentioned in the old list, which I presume was lost or destroyed during the siege in 1690. The present water-bailifis’ oar is the gift of William and Mary, as you will see by the drawing. The maces were much battered or broken when the present cor¬ poration got them, and they had to b • repaired. Ihe corpora¬ tion sword is quite modern. The old one was sold (most illegally) by the family of the former sword-bearer. It was the most ancient thing the corporation possessed. I remember having seen it, and from the immense handle it had I have no doubt but that it was the one mentioned in our list. No person can tell where it is now. All the family, are dead. 1 suspect it is in London,’’

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 412

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, the city holds a lost piece of its own history. The old corporation sword was the most ancient thing the corporation possessed. The writer of the record examined the present city muniments, kept in a large safe in a room under the court house, and found them very modern, bearing the date 1738. He presumed the older insignia were lost or destroyed during the siege in 1690. The present water-bailiffs' oar was the gift of William and Mary. The maces were much battered and broken when the corporation got them, and had to be repaired. The corporation sword now in use is quite modern. The old one was sold, as the record puts it, most illegally, by the family of the former sword-bearer. The writer remembered having seen it, and from the immense handle it had, he had no doubt it was the one mentioned in the old list. No person can tell where it is now. All the family are dead. He suspected it was in London.