Name: The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 1)
Author: Charles Bernard Gibson

Sydney describes decayed Youghal, 1565

Sir Henry Sydney arrived in Youghal on 20 April 1565 and called it a proper town, but noted it had decayed due to pirates and harassment by local landlords under the Earl of Desmond. His observation provides a rare first-hand account of Youghal's condition in the sixteenth century.

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We have no better description of Munster in the latter half of the sixteenth century, than that contained in the letters of Sir Henry Sydney, who was an eyewitness of what he describes. He arrived in Youghal the 20th of April, 1565, which he calls " a very proper town," but of late decayed by reason of pirates, and no less annoyed by the landlords of the country, under the rule of the Earl of Desmond.
He travelled from Youghal to Cork, from Cork to Kinsale, and from Kinsale to Limerick, and says, " As I never was in a more pleasant country in all my life, so never saw I a more waste and desolate land."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 104

As the companion tells it

Youghal is a town the road takes you through in County Cork. Sir Henry Sydney arrived here on the 20th of April 1565. He called it "a very proper town," but said it had decayed because of pirates, and was no less troubled by the landlords of the country, under the rule of the Earl of Desmond. He then travelled from Youghal to Cork, from Cork to Kinsale, and from Kinsale to Limerick. Of all that ground he said, "As I never was in a more pleasant country in all my life, so never saw I a more waste and desolate land." A pleasant land, and a wasted one. That is what he saw.

Timoleague Franciscan friary and its notable burials

Timoleague · town · Cork · 1505–1518

A Franciscan abbey at Timoleague was the burial place of several eminent persons, including Allen Patrick O'Fihelly (d. 1505) and Edmond Courcy, Bishop of Ross (d. 1518), who added a library, infirmary, dormitory, and belfry. The friary was founded by William Barry in the reign of Edward II, though some credit the MacCarthys.

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There was an abbey and fraternity of the same order at Timoleague, in which many eminent persons were buried, among whom we may mention Allen Patrick O'Fihelly, in 1505, "famed for his learning," and Edmond Courcy, bishop of Boss, in 1518, who added a library, infirmary, dormitory, and belfry to the original structure, which was founded by William Barry, in the reign of Edward II., though some give the Mac Carthys the credit of the foundation.
A petition was presented to the queen in 1557, by Kobert Gogan, one of the friar preachers of the convent of Youghal, praying for the restitution of the monastery of St. Mary's of the Island, adjoining the walls of Cork, and partly thrown down. This order of friar preachers, or black friars, settled in Ireland, in 1224. The house on the island in Cork,"1 called

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Timoleague in Cork, the Franciscan friary here was founded by William Barry in the reign of Edward II, though some credit the MacCarthys. Many eminent persons were buried in it. Allen Patrick O'Fihelly died in 1505, "famed for his learning." Edmond Courcy, Bishop of Ross, died in 1518 and added a library, infirmary, dormitory, and belfry to the original structure.

Unsafe route between Limerick and Cashel

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1540–1543

St. Leger, defending his record as Lord Deputy, describes the dangerous state of the countryside when he arrived in Ireland. He notes that no man could ride between Limerick and Cashel without a safe conduct and had to pay a crown for every pack carried horseback.

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2nd. — For the obeying of the king's wrytt, " I think it very little further obeyed than it was four years ago, for it is hard to make wild men, who know neither law nor letter, obey the king's process in so short a time. When I came to this land no man could ride between Limerick and Cashel without a safe conduct, and pay a crown for every packe carried a horssebacke."
166 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

The road between Limerick and Cashel was not always safe. When Lord Deputy Saint Leger came to Ireland, no man could ride it without a safe conduct, and paid a crown for every pack carried horseback. He said the king's writ was little more obeyed than four years before. It was hard to make wild men, who knew neither law nor letter, obey the king's process in so short a time.

Waterford refuses Sydney military aid before Clonmel

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1569

When the Lord Deputy Sydney was lying before Clonmel, the city of Waterford rudely refused him the aid of a few soldiers in his emergency. Though Waterford later attempted to make amends with civility, Sydney reminded them of their prior bad conduct.

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invent." "We find a Pierce Butler among the rebels, preying on Callan, and robbing Fulk Quemerford. The urbs Intacta, or city of Waterford itself, did not behave in the handsomest manner to Sydney, when lying before Clonmel, for it refused bim, with rudeness, the aid of a few soldiers in his emergency. It is true that it endeavoured to efface the impression by subsequent civility, but the Deputy did not fail to remind them of their previous bad conduct. There were a few Irish noblemen who preserved their loyalty unsuspected during this rebellion, foremost among whom we may mention, Lord Roche and the Lord Barry. The Viscount of Decies told the rebels to do their worst, that he would be a true servant to the queen.
There was at this time a report that forty Spanish ships had arrived at " Dinglishe," or Dingle, but these reports were so frequent, that like that of the boy who cried " wolf !" they failed to excite alarm. Most of the Anglo-Norman, and some of the Irish lords and chieftains, offered their aid to the secretary, who succeeded in the course of a few months, in bringing the earl of Clancare to his knees, and of causing James Fitzmaurice to change his quarters. H. Gylberte, writing from Limerick, informs the Deputy, that on the 4th of December, the Earl of Clancare and M'Donough, "came in, fell on their knees, and acknowledged their treasons." Gylberte refused parley or peace to any rebel. He would not have them think that the queen had more need of their service than they had of her mercy. Clancare sends Sydney a petition, which he styles " the most humble submission of the most

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

The road brings you near the city of Waterford, a place that calls itself the urbs intacta, the unconquered city. In 1569 the Lord Deputy Sydney was lying before Clonmel, hard pressed, and he asked Waterford for the loan of a few soldiers to see him through the emergency. The city refused him, and did so with rudeness. Waterford tried afterward to smooth the matter over with civility, but Sydney did not let them forget it. He reminded them plainly of their previous bad conduct. Among the rebellion of that time, a Pierce Butler was found preying on Callan and robbing a man called Fulk Quemerford. Yet some Irish noblemen kept their loyalty beyond question. Lord Roche and the Lord Barry stood foremost among them. The Viscount of Decies told the rebels to do their worst, that he would remain a true servant to the queen. A report spread that forty Spanish ships had arrived at Dingle, but such reports came so often that, like the boy who cried wolf, they failed to stir alarm. In the course of a few months the secretary brought the Earl of Clancare to his knees. On the 4th of December, Clancare and M'Donough came in, fell on their knees, and acknowledged their treasons.

Aenghus killed at the battle of Cell Osnadha

Kellistown · parish · Carlow · 487

Aenghus, first Christian king of Munster and ancestor of the MacCarthy line, fell in battle at Cell Osnadha, identified as Kelliston in the barony of Forth, county Carlow. Local tradition explains the place name as 'Church of the groans' from the lamentations of Munster women after the battle.

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f Cell-Osnadfta :— "This place is now called Kelliston, and is situated in the barony of Forth, in the county of Carlow, and there exists among the old natives of the place, a most curious and remarkably vivid tradition of this battle, which explains the Irish name of the place as denoting ' Church of the groans,' and which it received, according to this tradition, from the lamentations of the Munster women after the loss of their husbands and brothers in the battle."— Four Jlaiters, Dr. Of Donovan's edition., A D. 487.
6 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 3

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through the parish of Kellistown, it passes near the ground where Aenghus fell in 487. He was the first Christian king of Munster and ancestor of the MacCarthy line. He died at the battle of Cell Osnadha, the old name for this place. Among the old natives a vivid tradition survives, explaining the Irish name as denoting Church of the groans. According to that tradition, it came from the lamentations of Munster women mourning their husbands and brothers lost in the battle.

Forays and cattle raids from Carew's camp near Bantry

Bantry · town · Cork · 1602

From the camp near Bantry, Captain Taaffe led a horse troop foray bringing in 300 cows, numerous sheep, and horses on 1 May. On 3 May, the sons of Sir Owen O'Sullivan raided and brought in 50 cows and sheep.

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On the 1st of May Captain Taaffe made a foray, with a troop of horse from the camp, and brought in three hundred cows, a great number of sheep, and some horses. A foray was made on the 3rd, by the sons of Sir Owen O'Sullivan— " who was firm and deserved well of her majesty" — who brought in fifty cows and a number of sheep. On the 4th, a descendant of the famous Aenghus O'Daly,* the poet of Muintir-Beare, was arrested, and brought before Sir George. He was committed for trial at the next sessions, and not hanged or shot, there and then, because Sir George held him as a descendant of the hereditary bards or rhymers of his ancestors.
"This O'Daly's ancestor," writes Stafford, "had the country of Moynter-bary [Muintir Beare] given unto him by the Lord President's ancestor, many hundred yeares past, at which time Carew had to his inheritance the moiety of the whole kingdome of Corke, which wa,s first given by King Henry the Second unto Robert Fitz-Stephen. The service which O'Daly and

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Bantry now. In 1602 this was Carew's camp country, and the raids went out from here. On the 1st of May Captain Taaffe led a troop of horse from the camp and brought in 300 cows, a great number of sheep, and some horses. Two days later, on the 3rd, the sons of Sir Owen O'Sullivan made their own foray and brought in 50 cows and a number of sheep. Sir Owen was described as firm and one who had deserved well of her majesty. On the 4th, a descendant of the famous Aenghus O'Daly, the poet of Muintir Beare, was arrested and brought before Sir George. He was committed for trial at the next sessions. He was not hanged or shot then and there because Sir George held him as a descendant of the hereditary bards of his ancestors. Stafford wrote that O'Daly's ancestor had the country of Muintir Beare given to him by the Lord President's ancestor many hundred years past.

O'Sullivan Beare's patent for lands of Beare and Bantry

Bantry · town · Cork · 1565

Sir Owen O'Sullivan Beare petitioned the queen for a loan of £200 and asked that his new patent properly describe the lands of Beare and Bantry with their towns and castles, covering an area of forty-two miles in length and twenty-four in breadth. The Earl of Clancare countered by petitioning that O'Sullivan Beare's services to him as lord paramount should be fully expressed.

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Sir Owen O'Sullivan Beare also sends in his little petition, for the loan of £200, and hopes there will be no mistake in the wording of his new patent ; that the lands of Beare and Bantry, with its towns and castles, including an area of forty-two miles in length, and twenty-four in breadth, will be properly described. The Earl of Clancare hearing this, petitions the queen, that the services due by O'Sullivan Beare to him as lord paramount, should not be passed over in general words, but fully expressed. He encloses " a schedule of the services, rents, duties, and demands, Sir Owen

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 92

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Bantry now, the town at the centre of a dispute that reached the queen back in 1565. Sir Owen O'Sullivan Beare wrote asking for a loan of £200, and wanted his new patent to properly describe the lands of Beare and Bantry, with their towns and castles, stretching forty-two miles in length and twenty-four in breadth. The Earl of Clancare heard of this and sent his own petition, insisting that the services O'Sullivan Beare owed him as lord paramount should be fully expressed, not passed over in general words. He enclosed a schedule of the services, rents, duties, and demands Sir Owen owed.

Pretended Earl's submission at Dungarvan

Dungarvan · town · Waterford · 1537

St. Leger recounts that the 'Pretended Earl' James of Desmond made his submission under seal at Dungarvan through his envoy William Welshe and secretary. The submission was part of ongoing negotiations involving Henry VIII's demands, including repudiation of papal authority.

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St. Leger's letter to the earl ran thus : — " Right Honorable, after our most hearty commendations, we cannot but marvel, considering your letters to our Lord the king, and your submission, under seal, made to us at Dungarvan, by your loving frynde and felowe, ^Ir. William Welshe, and your secretorye," you have not performed your promises. On receipt of your letter, dated at your manor of Lorgar, the 8th of November, we wrote to our said sovereign lord as much in your favor as we could, who hath commanded us to treat with you for proof of the bastardy e of Jamys Fitz-Morryce, and the traytorous words by him spoken against his grace, and how you will use the three hundred men in case the king's hyness will send them." The letter concludes by entreating him for the love of God to take advantage of the king's favor, who sends his royal pardon by Mr. Wise of Waterford, who is to receive his son as a hostage or SF curity for the performance of his promises and contracts. The "Articles" sent by St. Leger along with this letter to the earl (as I suppose we may call him) for signature, are far more definite, and demand much more than the eurl promised. We discover from the first that the king had repudiated the power of the Pope, and required the earl to do the same : —
" First, that the said Lord James do clearly, as the king's true, faithful, and obedient subject, relinquish

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 67

As the companion tells it

Dungarvan, a town the road passes through, was where a submission was made in 1537. The man called the Pretended Earl, James of Desmond, sent his envoy William Welshe and his secretary to St. Leger here, with his submission under seal. But St. Leger wrote back to James that he marvelled James had not performed his promises. He had written to the king on James's behalf after receiving a letter dated the 8th of November from James's manor of Lorgar. The king commanded St. Leger to treat with James for proof of the bastardy of Jamys Fitz-Morryce, and the traitorous words he had spoken against the king, and how James would use the 300 men in case the king would send them. St. Leger entreated James, for the love of God, to take advantage of the king's favor. The king sent his royal pardon by Mr. Wise of Waterford, who was to receive James's son as a hostage for the performance of his promises. Along with the letter St. Leger sent Articles for James to sign, and these demanded far more than the earl had promised. The first article made clear that the king had repudiated the power of the Pope, and required the earl to do the same. It asked, in the source's words, that the said Lord James do clearly relinquish, as the king's true, faithful, and obedient subject.

Bishop of Kilmore suspended; John Brady surrenders bulls

Kilmore · townland · Cavan

The Pope suspended the bishop of Kilmore and conferred the bishopric on a poor priest named John Brady, who considered the act unjust. Brady voluntarily surrendered his bulls for cancellation and allowed the original bishop to continue peacefully, an act of disinterestedness that impressed St. Leger, who later petitioned King Edward VI to appoint Brady on the bishop's death.

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But we are not without examples of noble disinterestedness on the part of churchmen. The Pope, for some reason or other with which we are unacquainted, suspended the bishop of Kilmore, and conferred the bishopric on a poor priest named John Brady, who, thinking an injustice had been done his diocesan, surrendered the bulls which had been drawn in his favor to be cancelled, and " without interruption per-
112 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, the Pope once suspended the bishop of Kilmore and gave the bishopric to a poor priest named John Brady. Brady thought an injustice had been done to his diocesan. He surrendered his bulls to be cancelled, and let the bishop continue without interruption. Saint Leger was so struck by this that he later asked King Edward 6 to appoint Brady when the bishop died.

Cork city under siege: gates watched continually

Cork · city · Cork

Campion reported that the inhabitants of Cork were forced to watch their gates continually, keeping them shut at service times, at meals, and from sunset to sunrise. No stranger could enter with a weapon, and citizens walked out only with strength of men furnished; nearly the whole city was allied together through intermarriage.

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" Were forced to watch their gates continually, to keep them shut at service times, at meals, from sunset to sun arising, nor suffer any stranger to enter them with his weapon, but to leave the same at a lodge appointed. They walked out at seasons for recreation with strength of men furnished, they matched in wedlock among themselves, so that well nigh the whole city was allied together."
Sir John, the fifth earl, succeeded his father, the poet, in 1398, and was drowned at the ford of Ardfinnan, on the river Suir, the next year, 1399, while in pursuit of the Butlers.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Coming up near Cork now. Campion wrote that the people of this city were forced to watch their gates continually. They kept the gates shut at service times, at meals, and from sunset to sunrise. No stranger could enter carrying a weapon. He had to leave it at a lodge appointed for that purpose. When the citizens walked out for recreation, they went with strength of men furnished. They married among themselves, so that well nigh the whole city was allied together.

Desmond's brother John imprisoned and sent to Dublin

Dublin · city · Dublin · 1577

In 1577, shortly after the Tralee encounter, Sir William Drury made a prisoner of John, the Earl of Desmond's brother, and sent him to Dublin, deepening the conflict between the Desmond FitzGeralds and the English administration.

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demanded an explanation. lie was met by the countess, who solemnly assured him that the men he took for enemies were a hunting party, who had approached to give him a "bene venu," or welcome, into that part of Munster ; and " she so wiselie and modestlie did behave herself," that Drury believed, or seemed to believe her. "We think it was shortly after this, in 1577, that the president made a prisoner of John, the earl's brother, and sent him to Dublin.
Drury was raised to the dignity of Lord Chief Justice, with the authority of a Deputy, in 1578. There was an impression abroad at this time that the office of lord president of Munster was to be abolished. Captain Malby, who is styled president of Connaught, acted as a sort of vice-president of Munster during Sir William Drury's tenure of office, which, as we shall see, was of short duration.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Dublin, you're near the place where John, the Earl of Desmond's brother, was sent as a prisoner in 1577. The trouble began after an encounter near Tralee. Sir William Drury, the president of Munster, demanded an explanation from the Desmond party. He was met by the countess, who assured him the men he took for enemies were merely a hunting party, come to give him a welcome into that part of Munster. She behaved herself so wisely and modestly that Drury believed her, or seemed to believe her. But shortly after this, in 1577, the president made a prisoner of John, the earl's brother, and sent him here to Dublin. The conflict between the Desmond FitzGeralds and the English administration deepened. Drury himself was raised to Lord Chief Justice, with the authority of a Deputy, the following year, 1578.

Don Juan de Aquila at Cork with President Carew

Cork · city · Cork · 1602

While Don Juan de Aquila was stationed at Cork, he and the president had frequent discourse, often sharp when discussing religion, sovereigns, or nations. Don Juan carried respect for the president, evidenced by writing and presents sent.

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Don Juan de Aquila remained in the most blissful ignorance of this correspondence. " All the while " Don Juan was at Cork, the president and he had familiar discourse together ; but for the most part their passages of speech was between jest and earnest ; •somewhat sharp, and especially when they spoke of religion, and their sovereigns, or nations. But the Spaniard " carried a good respect of the president, as by writing and presents sent, which shall in its due place appear."
Neither deputy or president were at ease. Mountjoy, writing to the lords of the English council, from Cork,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 175

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this is where Don Juan de Aquila was stationed in 1602. All the while he was here, he and the president had familiar discourse together. Their talk ran between jest and earnest, and grew sharp when they spoke of religion, their sovereigns, or their nations. Still, the Spaniard carried a good respect for the president, as shown by writing and presents sent. Neither the deputy nor the president were at ease. Mountjoy himself wrote to the lords of the English council from Cork, and the unease ran through them all.

Drury executes Barrett of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1576

Sir William Drury, newly appointed president of Munster in 1576, took a circuit of Munster's great towns to suppress disorder. He put to death Barrett of Cork and two distinguished young constables of the Mac Sweeney tribe.

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The office of president of Munster appears to have been vacant for about three years, and was then filled, in 1576, by Sir William Drury, who " took a circuit," like Sir Henry Sydney, of all the great towns of Munster, " to confirm laws and regulations." He destroyed malefactors and robbers, and put to death Barrett, of Cork, and two noble and distinguished young constables of the tribe of Maolmurry, or Mac Sweeney.'' He proceeded thence to Limerick, where he hung " a number of chiefs and of the common people."
We conclude it was during this tour that the Earl of Desmond invited Sir William to his castle at Tralee. He came, accompanied by a hundred and twenty men. The earl assembled eight hundred to meet, some say to surprise, the Lord President. He made a rush or charge at the wild kerne and galloglasses, and drove them to cover. He then rode up to the castle, and

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city has a dark mark from 1576. Sir William Drury had just been made president of Munster after the office sat empty for about three years. He took a circuit of all the great towns of Munster, as Sir Henry Sydney had done before him, to confirm laws and regulations. He destroyed malefactors and robbers. Here in Cork he put to death Barrett, and two noble and distinguished young constables of the tribe of Maolmurry, or Mac Sweeney. He then proceeded to Limerick, where he hung a number of chiefs and common people. It was during this same tour that the Earl of Desmond invited Sir William to his castle at Tralee. He came with 120 men. The earl assembled 800 to meet him, some say to surprise the Lord President. He made a charge at the wild kerne and galloglasses, drove them to cover, and rode up to the castle.

Fitzmaurice takes Castlemaine Castle

Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1573

In November 1573, James Fitzmaurice (the Geraldine) took Castlemaine Castle in Kerry as part of his campaign to expel government forces from the chief towns of Munster.

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In the course of one month he expelled the government forces from the chief towns of Munster, taking the castles Baile na Martra [Castle Martyr], in Cork, and Castlemaine, in Kerry. He did not leave a resident chief in any town in the country, from the meeting of the Three Waters [at Waterford] to Bealach Conglais, that he did not bring under subjection in one month.
Sir John Perrott left for England in the autumn this year. "We are told by the Four Masters that his u departure was lamented by the poor, the widow, the infirm, and the un warlike."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

Coming up near the town of Castlemaine in Kerry. In November 1573 James Fitzmaurice the Geraldine took Castlemaine Castle as part of his campaign. In the course of one month he expelled government forces from the chief towns of Munster, taking Castle Martyr in Cork and Castlemaine in Kerry. He did not leave a resident chief in any town from the meeting of the Three Waters at Waterford to Bealach Conglais that he did not bring under subjection. That same autumn Sir John Perrott left for England. The Four Masters say his departure was lamented by the poor, the widow, the infirm, and the unworthy.

French merchant reports Stukeley's exploits at Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1572

On March 30, 1572, a French merchant at Kinsale reported that Don John of Austria had overthrown the Turks in a great naval engagement, and that Stukeley had fought bravely and been created Duke of Ireland with 1000 ducats a week.

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or Italian invasion. We are greatly surprised he was never apprehended by the English government. He was held by some as a natural son of Henry VIII. ; by the mother's side, a descendant of Diarmaid Mac Murrough, king of Leinster. He is styled Thomas Stucley, late of Enniscorthy, gent., seneschal of the county of Wexford. Under date May 2, 1571, " Stucley's man's examination, declaring his departure for Spain." May 15th, " Examination of a mariner returned from Stucley." Same date, " Stucley has a colleetorship of the Pope in Spain." March 5tb, 1672,j a notice of " Stucley 's expected arrrival in Ireland ; Viscount Barry more, O'Neill, and Mac Mahon, to rise on his landing." March 30, 1572, the examination of a French merchant at Kinsale, who reports that Don John of Austria has overthrown the Turks in a great naval engagement ; that Stukeley was in the fight, the bravest of the brave, that he has been created Duke of Ireland, with 1000 ducats a- week.
"When James Fitzmaurice was prepared to sail, Stukely deserted him, and embarked his forces with those of the Portuguese monarch, for the coast of Africa, where he fell at the battle of Alcazar, along with the heroic Don Sebastian, king of Portugal, Mahomet, son of Abdallah, king of Fey, and Abimeleck, king of Morocco.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 109

As the companion tells it

As you come through Kinsale, this is where a French merchant's report reached English ears in 1572. On March 30 that year, the man was examined here, and he brought news from the Mediterranean. He said Don John of Austria had overthrown the Turks in a great naval engagement. Stukeley was in the fight, and the merchant called him the bravest of the brave. He had been created Duke of Ireland, with 1000 ducats a week. Stukeley was a strange figure. Some held him to be a natural son of Henry the Eighth. On his mother's side they traced him to Diarmaid Mac Murchada, king of Leinster. He was styled Thomas Stukeley, late of Enniscorthy, gentleman, seneschal of the county of Wexford. He had departed for Spain, held a collectorship of the Pope there, and there was word he would land in Ireland, with Viscount Barrymore, O'Neill, and MacMahon to rise on his arrival. He never came. When James Fitzmaurice was prepared to sail, Stukeley deserted him. He embarked his forces with those of the Portuguese monarch, for the coast of Africa. He fell at the battle of Alcazar, along with the heroic Don Sebastian, king of Portugal, Mahomet, son of Abdallah, king of Fey, and Abimeleck, king of Morocco.

Irish forces besiege the English camp at Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1601

The Irish forces under O'Neill effectively besieged the English army at Kinsale by cutting off all supplies of food, fuel, and water to the Lord Justice's camp.

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" The Irish reduced the English to great straits, for they did not permit hay, corn, or water, straw or fuel, to be taken into the Lord Justice's camp. They remained thus for some time, watching each other, until Don Juan, the general of the Spaniards, sent a letter privately to the Irish, requesting them to attack a part of the Lord Justice's camp «n a certain night, and (adding) that he
366 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 166

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, in Cork. In 1601 the Irish had the English army in great straits. They did not permit hay, corn, water, straw, or fuel to be taken into the Lord Justice's camp. They remained thus for some time, watching each other. Then Don Juan, general of the Spaniards, sent a letter privately to the Irish, requesting them to attack part of the Lord Justice's camp on a certain night.

MacCarthy destroys castle in Imokilly

Imokilly · barony · Cork

In the course of the feud between the MacCarthy and O'Brien families, a castle in Imokilly was destroyed with many of the kin slain. The old feud subsequently broke out again with renewed fury but was suppressed by the Pope's legate.

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of Imokilly, destroying a castle, with many of the cneiny. Four years after this, the old feud between these two families broke out again, like a smouldering fire, with renewed fury ; but was suppressed by the Pope's legate, Mahon O'Heney, Archbishop of Cashel. After making peace with O'Brien, Mac Carthy buckled on his armour to attack the English, and gained a victory over them, slaying a hundred and sixty, or more. We are not informed when this battle was fought.
Every attentive reader of Irish Annals will observe the recurrence of internal feuds much less frequent, after the end of the twelfth century. Irish chieftains at length began to see the policy of uniting against the common foe, and the impolicy of burning, blinding, and slaying each other ; but this wisdom came too late, for the Normans were not only in possession, but in security within the walls of their strong castles. A Norman knight, on his war-horse, with lance in rest, in all the panoply of coat-of-mail, helmet, greaves and gauntlet, was a formidable opponent in the field, and difficult to bring down. But Norman knights could not always keep the field or saddle, armed cap-a-pie. Without their armour, they were as vulnerable as the crab without his shell, and therefore adopted the crab's policy, and sought the protection of some rock or stronghold. These strongholds, or castles, were essential to their existence, when they came to spread themselves over the broad lands of which they had received royal grants. The number of such castles, built through the length and breadth of the country during the thirteenth century, is very great.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 13

As the companion tells it

As you travel through the barony of Imokilly in Cork, you are passing through country where an old feud once turned to blood. In the course of the quarrel between the MacCarthy and O'Brien families, a castle here in Imokilly was destroyed, and many of the kin were slain. Four years after that, the old feud broke out again, like a smouldering fire, with renewed fury. But it was suppressed by the Pope's legate, Mahon O'Heney, Archbishop of Cashel. After making peace with O'Brien, MacCarthy buckled on his armour to attack the English, and gained a victory over them, slaying 160 or more. The record does not say when that battle was fought. The book goes on to reflect that after the end of the 1100s, internal feuds among Irish chieftains grew less frequent. They began to see the sense in uniting against the common foe, and the folly of burning, blinding, and slaying each other. But this wisdom came too late. The Normans were already in possession, secure within the walls of their strong castles. A Norman knight on his war-horse, with lance in rest, in coat-of-mail, helmet, greaves and gauntlet, was a formidable opponent in the field. But without their armour they were as vulnerable as a crab without its shell, and so they sought the protection of rock or stronghold. The number of such castles built through the length and breadth of the country during the 1200s is very great.

Pierce Butler preys on Callan during rebellion

Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1569

A Pierce Butler, numbered among the rebels, was found preying on Callan and robbing Fulk Quemerford during the wider rising that spread beyond Cork and Kerry.

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invent." "We find a Pierce Butler among the rebels, preying on Callan, and robbing Fulk Quemerford. The urbs Intacta, or city of Waterford itself, did not behave in the handsomest manner to Sydney, when lying before Clonmel, for it refused bim, with rudeness, the aid of a few soldiers in his emergency. It is true that it endeavoured to efface the impression by subsequent civility, but the Deputy did not fail to remind them of their previous bad conduct. There were a few Irish noblemen who preserved their loyalty unsuspected during this rebellion, foremost among whom we may mention, Lord Roche and the Lord Barry. The Viscount of Decies told the rebels to do their worst, that he would be a true servant to the queen.
There was at this time a report that forty Spanish ships had arrived at " Dinglishe," or Dingle, but these reports were so frequent, that like that of the boy who cried " wolf !" they failed to excite alarm. Most of the Anglo-Norman, and some of the Irish lords and chieftains, offered their aid to the secretary, who succeeded in the course of a few months, in bringing the earl of Clancare to his knees, and of causing James Fitzmaurice to change his quarters. H. Gylberte, writing from Limerick, informs the Deputy, that on the 4th of December, the Earl of Clancare and M'Donough, "came in, fell on their knees, and acknowledged their treasons." Gylberte refused parley or peace to any rebel. He would not have them think that the queen had more need of their service than they had of her mercy. Clancare sends Sydney a petition, which he styles " the most humble submission of the most

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near the town of Callan, in Kilkenny. In 1569, a rebellion had spread beyond Cork and Kerry, and a Pierce Butler was found among the rebels, preying on Callan, and robbing a man called Fulk Quemerford. The wider rising touched other places too. The city of Waterford, called the urbs Intacta, treated the Deputy Sydney badly when he lay before Clonmel. It refused him the aid of a few soldiers in his emergency, and with rudeness. It tried afterwards to make amends with civility, but the Deputy did not fail to remind them of their bad conduct. Some Irish noblemen kept their loyalty during the rebellion. Lord Roche and the Lord Barry were foremost among them. The Viscount of Decies told the rebels to do their worst, and that he would be a true servant to the queen. There was a report at this time that forty Spanish ships had arrived at Dingle, but such reports were so frequent that they failed to excite alarm, like the boy who cried wolf. Most of the Anglo-Norman lords, and some of the Irish lords and chieftains, offered their aid to the secretary. Within a few months the earl of Clancare was brought to his knees, and James Fitzmaurice was forced to change his quarters.

St. Leger parleys with James of Desmond at Clonmel

Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1537

In 1537, Lord Deputy Anthony St. Leger met James Fitz-John, the Pretended Earl of Desmond, in the fields outside Clonmel to discuss his submission. No conclusion was reached because the earl's captain of galloglasses was present and the earl dared not proceed to business.

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St. Leger replies, — " This day we proceed to the survey of the king's lands,* towards the part wh'ere James Desmond is, with whom we trust to have communication." Again, — "We further advertise your good lordship, that we have parled with James of Desmond in the fields without the town of Clommell, [Clonmel] and not perceiving any towardness in him, departed without making any conclusion."
Two days after, the earl sent his secretary to St. Leger, with his master's signet, saying that the captain of his galloglasses being present on the former occasion, he durst not proceed to business. The secretary

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 66

As the companion tells it

The road brings you through Clonmel, where in 1537 Lord Deputy Anthony St. Leger met James of Desmond in the fields outside the town. St. Leger had written that he trusted to have communication with James Desmond. They parleyed there but St. Leger, “not perceiving any towardness in him, departed without making any conclusion.” Two days after, the earl sent his secretary to St. Leger with his master’s signet, saying that the captain of his galloglasses being present on the former occasion, he durst not proceed to business.

Wine wreck at Burrin gave Donnell na-Pipy his name

near Burren · locality · Clare

Donnell na-Pipy earned his nickname because, during his time, pipes of wine were cast ashore at Burrin and became his right as wreck. In those superstitious times such wreckage was considered 'God's goods' and reckoned very fortunate.

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* Donnell na-Pipy was so called, because in his time some pipes of wine were cast on shore at Burrin, and consequently were his right, being a wreck, and accordingly he had them, which, in those superstitious times, was reckoned very fortunate, the wreck being esteemed, as the Coruishman's phrase is — God's goods. — Smith's History oj (Jork, vol. i.,p. 27.
28 G HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 129

As the companion tells it

In Burren, a man called Donnell earned the name na-Pipy. In his time, pipes of wine were cast ashore there, and as wreck they became his right, and he took them. In those superstitious times such wreckage was reckoned very fortunate. It was esteemed, as the saying went, "God's goods."

Annias examination on MacCarthy's works at Dunderrow

Dunderrow · townland · Cork · 1601–1602

During his examination before Sir Nicholas Walsh and Justice Comerford, John Annias gave testimony about Florence MacCarthy's proposed works at Dunderrow near Kinsale. This evidence was damaging to MacCarthy, who had recently been liberated from captivity.

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That portion of Annias' examination before Sir Nicholas Walsh and Justice Comerford, which treats of Mac Carthy's proposed works at Dunderrow, near Kinsale, must have been very damaging to the newly liberated chieftain. Two of the principal charges brought against him by Sir Thomas Norris, when arresting him in 1588, was his love of Spaniards, and of the Old Head of Kinsale.
But he managed, notwithstanding what Annias said, and all that was suspected, to get back to Desmond, and was shortly after, as we have seen, installed as Mac Carthy More, not by the queen, or her lord deputy, but by O'Neill. On this occasion he was " sworne on a Masse booke, to be true to Tirone." This must have

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 157

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Dunderrow, Florence MacCarthy had proposed works that became evidence against him. John Annias gave testimony about them under examination before Sir Nicholas Walsh and Justice Comerford, and what he said must have been very damaging to the newly liberated chieftain. Two of the principal charges brought against MacCarthy by Sir Thomas Norris, when he arrested him in 1588, were his love of Spaniards and of the Old Head of Kinsale. Yet MacCarthy managed, despite what Annias said and all that was suspected, to get back to Desmond. Shortly after, he was installed as MacCarthy More, not by the queen or her lord deputy, but by O'Neill. On this occasion he was, in the source's words, "sworne on a Masse booke, to be true to Tirone."

Army struck by sickness at Buttevant

Buttevant · town · Cork · 1580

During the march of the Lord Justice and the Earl of Ormond from Cork to Tralee, the Earl's men suffered from fatigue and scarcity of food. They were seized in Buttevant with a strange sickness called the 'gentle correction', which affected the whole army but caused no deaths.

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from Cork to Tralee. The Earl of Ormond lost a number of Ids men on the march, from fatigue and scarcity of food. They were seized in Buttevant with a strange sickness called the " gentle correction" Cox says the whole army was affected by it, but none died.
The Four Masters' description of the Lord Justice's artillery, at the siege of Carrig an Phuill, or " the Eock of the Hole," is amusing: — " "When the warders of Askeaton and other castles heard the tremendous terror- Wat ing roars of those unknown guns, the like of which had never been heard before, they began to demolish their castles with their own hands, leaving the gates of these which they could not demolish wide open to the conqueror. There was not a solitude, a wilderness, a declivity, or woody vale, from the Cearn of Breas to Cnox-Meadha-Sieril, in which the roar of these wonderful cannon was not heard, and all who heard trembled. James Eustace, son of Eoland, son of Thomas, broke down his castles."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 114

As the companion tells it

Buttevant is a town this road passes through. In 1580 the Lord Justice and the Earl of Ormond were marching from Cork to Tralee. The Earl lost a number of his men on the march from fatigue and scarcity of food. They were seized in Buttevant with a strange sickness called the "gentle correction." Cox says the whole army was affected by it, but none died. The Four Masters described the Lord Justice's artillery at the siege of Carrig an Phuill, the Rock of the Hole. When the warders of Askeaton and other castles heard the tremendous roars of those unknown guns, the like of which had never been heard before, they began to demolish their castles with their own hands, leaving the gates of those they could not demolish wide open to the conqueror. There was not a solitude, a wilderness, a declivity, or woody vale, from the Cearn of Breas to Cnox-Meadha-Sieril, in which the roar of these cannon was not heard, and all who heard trembled. James Eustace, son of Roland, son of Thomas, broke down his castles.

Castle of Beerehaven in Spanish surrender articles

Bearhaven · bay · Cork · 1601–1602

The Castle of Beere-haven was among the named strongholds that Don Juan de Aquila agreed to surrender to the Lord Deputy as part of the articles of capitulation, with the Spanish garrison to receive safe transport to Spain.

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u First — That the said Don Juan de Aquila shall quit the places which hee holds in this kingdoms, as well of the Towne of Kinsale, as those which are held by the souldiers under his command, in Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, and other parts, to the said Lord Deputie, or to whom he shall appoynt, giving him safe transportation (and sufficient) for the said people, of ships and victualls, with the which the said Don Juan with them may go for Spaine, if he can at one time, if not in two shippings.
" Item — That the souldiers at this present being under the command of Don Juan in this kingdome, shall not beare armes against her Majestic the Queene of England, wheresoever supplyes shall come from Spaine, till the said souldiers be unshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine, being dispatched (as soone as may be) by the Lord Deputy, as he promiseth upon his faith and honour.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 169

As the companion tells it

Bearhaven is the bay around you, and its castle stood among the strongholds caught in the closing days of the Spanish presence in Ireland. In 1602, Don Juan de Aquila agreed to give up the places he held in this kingdom. The articles named Kinsale, Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, to be yielded to the Lord Deputy or to whom he should appoint. The Spanish soldiers were to have safe transport home, with ships and victuals enough to carry them to Spain, all at once if possible, or in two shippings if not. The soldiers under Don Juan's command were not to bear arms against her Majesty the Queen of England, wherever supplies might come from Spain, until they were landed in some port of Spain. The Lord Deputy promised this, upon his faith and honour. What remained of Spain's stake in Munster passed through these waters on the terms written here.

Earl of Desmond pardoned and granted customs of Cork ports

Cork · city · Cork · 1499

The Earl of Desmond, who provided men and arms for Perkin Warbeck's rebellion, was not only pardoned but received a grant of the customs of Limerick and the king's hereditaments in the ports, city, and towns of Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Youghal.

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We omit the " two letters," as we are not writing the history of Waterford, although they are very complimentary. Henry, like a wise monarch, reserved his more substantial favors for his enemies. The Earl of Desmond, who provided both men and arms for the siege, was not only pardoned, but received " a grant of the customs of Limerick, and other the king's heriditaments in the ports, city, and towns of Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore and Youghal."
David, Archbishop of Cashel, and the Bishops of Cork and Waterford, were also compromised in this foolish rebellion, but were pardoned, " the better to quell the contrivances and designs of Perkins' friends."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

Cork was caught up in a foolish rebellion. Perkin Warbeck's rising drew in the Earl of Desmond, who provided both men and arms for the siege. Henry, though, reserved his more substantial favours for his enemies. In 1499 the Earl was not only pardoned but received, in the source's words, a grant of the customs of Limerick, and other the king's hereditaments in the ports, city, and towns of Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore and Youghal. David, Archbishop of Cashel, and the Bishops of Cork and Waterford were also compromised, but pardoned, the better to quell the contrivances and designs of Perkins' friends.

Edward IV charter: Cork walls destroyed by enemies and rebels

Cork · city · Cork · 1462–1463

The charter of Edward IV recited that the Mayor and commonality had eleven parish churches within the city, extending with the suburbs a mile in every direction, which for fifty years preceding had been destroyed by Irish enemies and English rebels. It granted the cocket of the city for construction of the walls.

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Charters were granted in the 4th and 5th of Edward III., in the 5th of Richard II., and in the 2nd of Edward IY. This last, after reciting that the Mayor and commonality had eleven parish churches within the city, which extended, with the suburbs, a mile in every direction, and which had been, for fifty years preceding, destroyed by Irish enemies and English rebels, remits all arrears, and grants them the cocket of the city for the construction of the walls, till such
* Cocket was a seal belonging to the king's customs. To grant cocket meant to forego customs.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 45

As the companion tells it

Coming up along Cork now. Edward IV's charter, in 1462 or 1463, recited that the Mayor and commonality had eleven parish churches within the city, extending with the suburbs a mile in every direction. For fifty years before that, those churches had been destroyed by Irish enemies and English rebels. The charter remitted all arrears and granted them the cocket of the city for construction of the walls.

Fitzmaurice lands at Smerwick with Papal expedition

Smerwick · townland · Kerry · 1579

In July 1579, James Fitzmaurice landed at Smerwick on the west coast of Kerry with three ships and a hundred men. He was accompanied by Doctor Saunders as Papal Nuncio, a Jesuit named Allen, and O'Mulrian, the Catholic Bishop of Killaloe.

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James Fitzmaurice, with three ships and a hundred men, made a landing in Smerwick, on the west coast of Kerry, in July, 1579. He was accompanied by three famous English churchmen, Doctor Saunders, as Papal Nuncio, a Jesuit named Allen, and O'Mulrian, the Catholic Bishop of Killaloe.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 109

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, in July 1579, James Fitzmaurice landed at Smerwick with three ships and a hundred men. He brought three English churchmen with him: Doctor Saunders as Papal Nuncio, a Jesuit named Allen, and O'Mulrian, the Catholic Bishop of Killaloe.

Founding of Kilcrea Abbey by the Mac Carthys

Kilcrea · townland · Cork · 1467

In 1467 the Monastery of Cill-Credhe (Kilcrea), in the diocese of Cork, was founded for Franciscan friars by the Mac Carthys, who erected an honourable tomb there for the interment of their gentlemen and chieftains. The founder Cormac Mac Carthy Laider was himself buried there in 1495.

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« A.D. 1467.— The Monastery of Cill-Credhe,* in the diocese of Cork, was founded for Franciscan friars by the Mac Carthys ; and they erected an honorable tombt in it for the interment of their gentlemen and chieftains."
The Castle of Blarney, as well as Kilorea Abbey, two of the finest structures of the kind of the period, were both erected by Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed Laider , " the Strong." His strength seems to have been displayed in works of patriotism, taste, and piety, as-well as war.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Kilcrea, a monastery was founded in 1467 for Franciscan friars by the Mac Carthys. They erected an honourable tomb there for the interment of their gentlemen and chieftains. The founder, Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed Laider, meaning the Strong, also built the Castle of Blarney. His strength showed itself in works of patriotism, taste, and piety, as well as war. Cormac Mac Carthy Laider was himself buried at Kilcrea in 1495.

Henry VIII charter grants sword to Cork mayor

Cork · city · Cork · 1509–1537

Henry VIII's charter conferred upon the Mayor of Cork the right to have a decent sheathed sword borne before him, and upon the sword-bearer a remarkable cap. The charter named William Coppinger as the then mayor.

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" We grant and give license to our well-beloved subject, William Coppinger, now mayor of our said city, and his successors, mayors of Cork, that he, as long as he shall continue mayor within said city, may and can have borne and carried before said mayor, and all other mayors for the time being, within said city and liberties thereof, one decent sword, sheathed, and our will is that the sword bearer be adorned with a remarkable cap, when they think fit, for the cause aforesaid."
It is not perfectly clear, from the wording, whether this " remarkable cap " is to be mounted when the mayors or the sword-bearers " think fit'''

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city holds a charter from Henry VIII. The charter named William Coppinger as the then mayor of Cork, and granted him and every mayor after the right to have one decent sword, sheathed, carried before them within the city and its liberties. Henry's will was that the sword-bearer be adorned with a remarkable cap. The wording leaves it unclear whether the mayors or the sword-bearers were to decide when that cap was worn.

Homage at the church of St. Multose

Kinsale · town · Cork

Sir Richard was persuaded to land and enter an unnamed town, where Lord de Courcy and others met him and performed homage in the church of St. Multose. The church of St. Multose is the medieval parish church of Kinsale, County Cork.

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board ship, and there renew his oath of allegiance, and do homage for his barony. Sir Eichard was prevailed on the next day to land and enter the town, where he was met by the Lord de Courcy and others, who did homage in the church of St. Mnltosius.
The Earl of Desmond, who had the body of David Barry disinterred, was Maurice, the tenth earl. This Maurice united with the famous Perkin Warbeck, who assumed to be the Duke of York, or second son of Edward IV., who is generally believed to have been murdered with his elder brother, in the Tower of London, at the command of Richard III.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Kinsale in Cork, you are near the church of St. Multose, the medieval parish church. Sir Richard was persuaded to land and enter the town, where Lord de Courcy and others met him and did homage in this church.

Judicial sessions and executions in Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Sir Henry Sydney ordered daily sessions to be held in Cork from after Twelfth Day until the end of January. Honest juries tried civil causes, and over twenty-four notable malefactors were condemned and executed.

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" I caused daily sessions to be held in that city, from the morrow after Twelve-day till the last of January, in which appeared very honest and good juries, sound and good trial made by them, a number of civil causes determined and ended, and above twenty-four notable malefactors condemned and executed. Condon or Canton Armou attainted and adjudged to die, yet stayed from execution ; but his lands, which were great, were escheated. A younger son of the Yiscount Eoche was endicted, arraigned, and condemned to die, but stayed for execution ; for as the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 106

As the companion tells it

In Cork, Sir Henry Sydney ordered daily sessions held from the morrow after Twelfth Day until the last of January. He reported very honest and good juries, and sound trial made by them. Civil causes were determined and ended. Above twenty-four notable malefactors were condemned and executed. Condon or Canton Armou was attainted and adjudged to die, yet stayed from execution, though his lands, which were great, were escheated. A younger son of the Viscount Roche was indicted, arraigned, and condemned to die, but stayed for execution.

Kingdom of Cork area and cantred division

Youghal · town · Cork · 1172

The kingdom of Cork stretched from the Blackwater at Youghal through county Limerick north of Kilmallock and Bruree, then south-west along the Shannon to Brandon Head in Kerry, sweeping round the coasts of Kerry and Cork back to Youghal. The charter divided this area of over three million two hundred thousand acres into thirty-two cantreds.

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The "Water near Lismore,"* can be none other than the Blackwater, which discharges itself into the sea at Youghal. This river, which now runs through a part of the present county of Waterford, then formed a portion of the north-eastern boundary of the kingdom of Cork. The line stretched thence into the county Limerick, running north of Kilmallock and Bruree, and then took a south-westerly course along the Shannon, to Brandon Head, in Kerry, sweeping thence round the coasts of Kerry and Cork, and terminating where it began, at the town of Youghal. This, at a rough estimate, gives an area of over three million two hundred thousand acres. We shall say three million two hundred thousand. Now, as this three million two hundred thousand, was divided by the charter into thirty-two cantreds, each cantred must have contained a hundred thousand acres ; and as there were one hundred
* The Water near Lisinore is said to run "between Lismore and Cork." By Cork, we must understand the kingdom, and not the city of Cork. The Biackwater falls into the sea at Youghal, on the borders of the ancient kingdom, and present county of Cork.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 10

As the companion tells it

Youghal sits where the Blackwater meets the sea, and in 1172 this town marked the edge of something vast. The kingdom of Cork began here. Its boundary ran north into Limerick, past Kilmallock and Bruree, then turned south-west along the Shannon to Brandon Head in Kerry, before sweeping round the coasts of Kerry and Cork back to Youghal. The charter divided this whole territory into 32 cantreds. The land covered over 3,200,000 acres. That figure comes from the record itself, which says, "We shall say three million two hundred thousand." So each cantred held about 100,000 acres. The Blackwater formed the north-eastern boundary of the kingdom, running through what is now part of county Waterford before reaching the sea at this town. The charter turned a kingdom into an administration, parcelled into measures a conqueror could grant.

King John's 1210 expedition to Carrickfergus against de Lacy

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1210

According to the Annals of Kilronan, King John of England arrived in Ireland with a great fleet in 1210, raised an army, and marched on Ulster to seize Hugh de Lacy and take Carrickfergus. Hugh fled Ireland and the garrison of Carrickfergus surrendered to the king.

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" A.D. 1210. — Johannes, the son of Fitz-Empress, king of England, came to Ireland with a great fleet this year. On his arrival he levied a great army of the men of Ireland, to march them to Ulster, to take Hugh de Lacy, and to take Carrickfergus. Hugh departed from Ireland ; and those who were guarding Carrickfergus left it, and came to the king. The king marched from Dublin into Meath, and dispatched a large fleet northwards, to a fortress of the English, called Carlingford, to command the sons of Hugh de Lacy, viz., Walter, Lord of Meath, and Hugh, Earl of Ulster, and then Lord, Deputy of Ireland, to appear before him, to answer for the death of the valiant knight, John De Courcy, who was treacherously slain by them."
De Courcy left issue by his wife, Africa, the daughter of Godfrey, king of the Isle of Man, Myles de Courcy, who was created Baron of Kinsale the 29th of May, 1223. This Myles married a De Cogan, built a castle near the old Head of Kinsale, and another at Ringrone, where he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin, or Eingrone Mac Carthy.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 19

As the companion tells it

The town of Carrickfergus in Antrim holds the memory of a king's arrival. In 1210, King John of England came to Ireland with a great fleet. He raised a great army from the men of Ireland and marched on Ulster to seize Hugh de Lacy and take Carrickfergus itself. Hugh de Lacy departed from Ireland. The men guarding Carrickfergus left the place and came to the king, and it was his. John marched from Dublin into Meath and sent a large fleet northwards to a fortress called Carlingford. There he commanded the sons of Hugh de Lacy to appear before him. These sons were Walter, Lord of Meath, and Hugh, Earl of Ulster, who was also Lord Deputy of Ireland. They were called to answer for the death of the knight John De Courcy, who the record says was treacherously slain by them. De Courcy had married Africa, daughter of Godfrey, king of the Isle of Man. Their son Myles de Courcy was created Baron of Kinsale on the 29th of May, 1223.

Nathaniel Spencer sells Ballinasloe to Frederick Trench

Ballinasloe · town · Galway · 1716

Nathaniel Spencer, great-grandson of the poet, joined his father in mortgaging estates in Cork, Galway and Roscommon for £2100 in 1697. In February 1716 he sold the lands of Ballinasloe to Frederick Trench, ancestor of the Earl of Clancarty.

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This William Spenser (second son of Sylvanus) left, by his wife Barbara, a son, Nathaniel, -J* and a daughter, Susannah, of whom nothing is known, except that she is mentioned in her brother's will. We conclude that this Nathaniel was the son who received the twenty wounds from the Irish who made the raid on his father's sheep and black cattle. We find this son, in November, 1697, uniting with his father in executing a mortgage on their estates in Cork, Galway, and Eoscommon, for £2100; and in February, 21, 1716, in selling the lands of Ballinasloe, to Frederick Trench, ancestor of the present possessor, the Earl of Clancarty.
This Nathaniel Spenser, son of William, son of Sylvanus, eldest son of the poet, or in other words Nathaniel, great-grandson of the poet, was styled

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 140

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Ballinasloe now. This town has a thread running back to the poet Edmund Spenser. His great-grandson, Nathaniel Spencer, joined his father in mortgaging estates across Cork, Galway, and Roscommon for £2100 in November 1697. Before that, Nathaniel himself had taken twenty wounds from a raid by the Irish on his father's sheep and black cattle. Then in February 1716 he sold the lands of Ballinasloe to Frederick Trench, the ancestor of the Earl of Clancarty. So the town you are passing through changed hands from the Spenser line to the Trench line that year, and it stayed with the Trench family down to the Earl of Clancarty.

O'Daly's poem on flattery in Muskerry

near Muskerry · street · Cork

Aenghus O'Daly, describing the reception from Sir Cormac Mac Teige's successor in Muskerry, wrote that he received 'flattery for food.' Dr. O'Donovan noted this as the earliest notice of the blarney of Munster.

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Aenghus O'Daly, when describing the reception he received from Sir Cormac Teige' s successor, says, " Flattery I got for food in Great Musgraidhe of Mac Diarmoda." Doctor O'Donovan, who has edited this interesting poem of the " Tribes of Ireland," says, " This is the earliest notice of the bladhmann or blarney of Munster we have yet read." Clarence Mangan's versified paraphrase of the Irish, with a few variations, runs thus : —
" Mac Dermod of Mnskerry, you have a way, Which at least I must term odd. You gave me, Mac Dermod, With a great deal of blarney, a wine-glass of whey. Before I could reach Uallincollick, I thought I'd have died with your frolic."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 121

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Muskerry, Aenghus O'Daly wrote about what happened when he called on Sir Cormac Mac Teige's successor. He got flattery instead of a meal. His words were: "Flattery I got for food in Great Musgraidhe of Mac Diarmoda." Dr. O'Donovan, who edited this poem from the Tribes of Ireland, called it the earliest notice of the blarney of Munster. Clarence Mangan made a versified paraphrase that runs: "Mac Dermod of Muskerry, you have a way, which at least I must term odd. You gave me, Mac Dermod, with a great deal of blarney, a wine-glass of whey. Before I could reach Uallincollick, I thought I'd have died with your frolic."

O'Sullivan's night march through Ballyvourney to Shannon

Ballyvourney · parish · Cork · 1602

Fleeing south Munster, O'Sullivan's party travelled by night from Glengarriff to Ballyvourney in West Muskerry, then through Duhallow and Ardpatrick towards the Shannon, fighting and losing men along the way.

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They travelled the first night from Glengarriff to Ballyvourney, in West Muskerry ; the second night to the barony of Duhallow ; the third night to Ardpatrick, in the county of Limerick, and so on to the Shannon, but not without fighting their way, and the loss of a few men.
" As they passed the skirts of Muskerry, they were skirmished withall by the sonnes of Teg Mac Owen Cartie, where they lost some of their men, and most of their carriage. In passing by Liscarcell, John Barry, brother to the Yiscount, with eight horsemen and fourty foote, charged their reare, at the ford of Bellaghan, where he slew and hurt many of them, and of his part one horseman was slaine,"

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 189

As the companion tells it

In 1602, O'Sullivan's fleeing party travelled by night through Ballyvourney in West Muskerry, pressing on toward the Shannon. Their first night's march brought them from Glengarriff to this parish. The second took them into Duhallow, the third to Ardpatrick in Limerick, and so on to the river. They fought their way at every step and lost men. As they passed the skirts of Muskerry, the sons of Teg Mac Owen Cartie skirmished with them, and they lost some of their men and most of their carriage. At Liscarcell, John Barry, brother to the Viscount, with 8 horsemen and 40 foot, charged their rear at the ford of Bellaghan. He slew and hurt many. One of his horsemen was slain.

Report of Spanish ships at Dingle

Dingle · town · Kerry

A report circulated that forty Spanish ships had arrived at Dingle, but such reports were so frequent they failed to raise alarm among the authorities. The incident reflects the ongoing concern about Spanish intervention in Ireland during Elizabethan times.

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There was at this time a report that forty Spanish ships had arrived at " Dinglishe," or Dingle, but these reports were so frequent, that like that of the boy who cried " wolf !" they failed to excite alarm. Most of the Anglo-Norman, and some of the Irish lords and chieftains, offered their aid to the secretary, who succeeded in the course of a few months, in bringing the earl of Clancare to his knees, and of causing James Fitzmaurice to change his quarters. H. Gylberte, writing from Limerick, informs the Deputy, that on the 4th of December, the Earl of Clancare and M'Donough, "came in, fell on their knees, and acknowledged their treasons." Gylberte refused parley or peace to any rebel. He would not have them think that the queen had more need of their service than they had of her mercy. Clancare sends Sydney a petition, which he styles " the most humble submission of the most
208 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

You are coming into Dingle, in Kerry. In Elizabethan times, a report went round that forty Spanish ships had arrived here at Dingle. But such reports were so frequent that, like the boy who cried wolf, they failed to excite alarm. Most of the Anglo-Norman lords and some of the Irish chieftains offered their aid to the secretary, who within a few months brought the earl of Clancare to his knees and caused James Fitzmaurice to change his quarters. A man named Gylberte, writing from Limerick, told the Deputy that on the 4th of December the Earl of Clancare and M'Donough came in, fell on their knees, and acknowledged their treasons. Gylberte refused parley or peace to any rebel. He would not have them think the queen had more need of their service than they had of her mercy. Clancare sent Sydney a petition, which he called the most humble submission of the most.

Sheriff of Waterford's deposition letter against Desmond

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1538

William Wise, sheriff of Waterford, wrote a letter from Waterford dated December 8th attempting to implicate the Pretended Earl of Desmond in treasonable practices, based on a merchant's account of a clandestine supper at Youghal. The letter was addressed to the Lord Chancellor Alen and preserved among depositions in treasonable matters.

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William Wise, the sheriff of Waterford, was evidently no friend to Desmond. There still exists (among the " Depositions in Treasonable Matters") in the Chapter House, a letter from him, in which he endeavours to implicate the Pretended Earl in treasonable practices. The letter is dated Waterford, December 8th, and apparently addressed to the Lord Chancellor Alen :—
" I have spoken to a neighbour of mine, a merchant of this citie, [Waterford] who came from Youghal, where he lately arrived from partes beyond the seas. He shewed me, in a secret manner, that on his coming on land at Youghal, he went to William Walsh's house, and there, in the said William's chamber, James, the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 70

As the companion tells it

Waterford, in 1538, was where William Wise, the sheriff, wrote a letter against the man he called the Pretended Earl of Desmond. Wise was no friend to Desmond. The letter is dated December 8th and addressed to Lord Chancellor Alen, and it survives among depositions in treasonable matters. Wise wrote that he had spoken to a neighbour, a merchant of the city, who had come from Youghal, where he had lately arrived from parts beyond the seas. The merchant told him, in secret, that on coming ashore at Youghal he went to William Walsh's house, and there, in the said William's chamber, James.

Shooting of James, son of Maurice at Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1580

James, the son of Maurice, was shot and killed in the gateway of Youghal during the Desmond Rebellion. He died the same year as James Fitzgerald, who fell in a skirmish in Limerick.

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James Fitzgerald, the son of John Oge, and James, the son of Maurice, were slain the same year. The former fell in a skirmish in Limerick, with Brian Duv, the lord of Pobble-Brien, and the latter was shot in the gateway of Youghal.
Sir William Pelham now opens a fearful campaign against the Earl of Desmond, and all his kith and kin. He writes to England, requesting that an admiral, with a fleet containing ordnance and provisions, should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice- Admiral Winter is despatched to cruise about a coast upon which a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly apprehended. Sir William commences his muster, and enrols beneath his standard " all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters." The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy- Connello. It was " cold spring." Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore and the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, who shewed mercy to none, " It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind* and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions." In some instances, the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 114

As the companion tells it

Youghal is the town the road passes through. In 1580, during the Desmond Rebellion, James, the son of Maurice, was shot dead in the gateway of Youghal. He died the same year as James Fitzgerald, the son of John Oge, who fell in a skirmish in Limerick with Brian Duv, the lord of Pobble-Brien. Sir William Pelham then opened a fearful campaign against the Earl of Desmond and all his kith and kin. He wrote to England requesting that an admiral with a fleet carrying ordnance and provisions should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice-Admiral Winter was dispatched to cruise along a coast where a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly expected. Sir William began his muster, enrolling beneath his standard, in the words of the source, "all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters." The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy-Connello. It was, the record says, "cold spring." Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore, the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, and they showed mercy to none. The same source notes: "It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions." In some instances the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.

Spenser's letter to Raleigh written from Kilcolman, 1591

Kilcolman · townland · Cork · 1591

Spenser sent a copy of his pastoral poem to Sir Walter Raleigh with a letter dated 27 December 1591, written from his house at Kilcolman. He sought Raleigh's protection against critics who might misconstrue his meaning.

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That you may see that I am not alwaies ydle, though not greatly well occupied, nor altogether undutirul, though not precisely officious, I make you present of this simple Pastorall,unworthie of your higher conceiptfor the meannesse of the stile, but agreeing with the truth in circumstance and matter. The which I humbly beseech you to accept in part paiment of the infinite debt in which I acknowledge myselfe bounden unto you for your singular favours, and sundrie good turnes shewed me at my late being in England ; and with your good countenance protect against the malice of evill mouthes, which are alwaies wide open to carpe at and misconstrue my simple meaning. I pray continually for your happiness. From my house of Kilcolman, the 27. of December, 1591.
Yours ever humbly,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 135

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here at Kilcolman, Spenser wrote to Sir Walter Raleigh from his house on 27 December 1591. He said he was not always idle, though not greatly well occupied, and sent Raleigh a copy of his pastoral poem. He called it "unworthie of your higher conceipt" for its plain style but said it agreed "with the truth in circumstance and matter." He told Raleigh he owed him for singular favours and good turns shown during his recent time in England. Then he asked Raleigh to protect the work against those he called evil mouths, always wide open to carp at and misconstrue his simple meaning. He signed the letter yours ever humbly.

Taylor executed at Cork, body hung near North Gate

Cork · city · Cork · 1602

Taylor, accused of involvement in the murder of Captain George Bingham at Sligo, was carried to Cork and executed. His body was hung in chains not far from the North Gate.

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Taylor, who was accused of being engaged in the murder of Captain George Bingham, at Sligo, was carried to Cork and executed. His body hung in chains, " not far from the North Gate."
Dominick Collins, the friar, "in whom no penitence appeared," and who would not " merit his life either by discovering the rebels' intention or by doing some service that might deserve favour," was hanged at Youghal, the town where he was born. James Archer, the Jesuit, and Conor O'Driscoll, the son of Sir Pineen O'Driscoll, escaped to Spain; O'Sullivan Beare and Captain Tirrell into Kerry.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 183

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, you're in a city where a man called Taylor was put to death in 1602. He had been accused of involvement in the murder of Captain George Bingham at Sligo. He was carried here to Cork and executed. His body was hung in chains, as the record says, "not far from the North Gate." Others connected to that time met different fates. Dominick Collins, a friar described as showing no penitence, was hanged at Youghal, where he was born. James Archer, a Jesuit, and Conor O'Driscoll, son of Sir Pineen O'Driscoll, escaped to Spain.

Walter Wellesley, Prior of Conall, recommended for Cork see

Great Connell · street · Kildare · 1520

In September 1520, Surrey and his council recommended Walter Wellesley, Prior of the House of Canons called Conall, to succeed to the vacant see of Cork. Wellesley was described as the best clerk in the land, a man of gravity and virtuous conversation, but he refused the bishopric unless allowed to keep his priory in commendam.

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On the 6th of September, Lord Surrey concurred with his council in a letter to Wolsey, (which is among the Cardinal's correspondence in the Chapter House, vol. xi. part 2, leaf 22.) recommending u Waltier Wellesley, Priour of a House of Chanons, called Conall, a famous clerc, notid the best in the land, a man of gravitie and vertuous conversation, and a singular myude having to Englishe ordre," to succeed to the vacant see, which is stated to be under a hundred marks value. Wellesley refused to take the bishopric, unless allowed to keep his priory in commendam. In 1531 he was made Bishop of Kildare, and retained the priory. He held both these benefices till his death, in 1539.
Two years after, we find the Earl of Kildare asking for the avoidance and denomination of the bishopric of Kildare, for "Maister Edward Dillon, who is of vertuous living, and English name and condition."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 51

As the companion tells it

On the 6th of September 1520, Lord Surrey and his council wrote to Wolsey recommending Walter Wellesley, Prior of a house of canons called Conall, to succeed to the vacant see of Cork. They described him as a famous clerk, noted the best in the land, a man of gravity and virtuous conversation, and of singular mind given to English order. The see of Cork was stated to be under a hundred marks in value. Wellesley refused to take the bishopric unless allowed to keep his priory in commendam. In 1531 he was made Bishop of Kildare, and retained the priory. He held both benefices until his death in 1539. Two years later, the Earl of Kildare asked for the avoidance and denomination of the bishopric of Kildare for Master Edward Dillon, described as a man of virtuous living, and of English name and condition.

Blarney Castle and Kilcrea Abbey built by Cormac Mac Carthy

near Blarney · townland · Cork

Blarney Castle and Kilcrea Abbey, described as two of the finest structures of the period, were both erected by Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed Laider or 'the Strong.' His strength was displayed in works of patriotism, taste, piety, and war.

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The Castle of Blarney, as well as Kilorea Abbey, two of the finest structures of the kind of the period, were both erected by Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed Laider , " the Strong." His strength seems to have been displayed in works of patriotism, taste, and piety, as-well as war.
Both Anglo-Norman and Irish chieftains seemed about this time to be emulating each other in deeds of blood and barbarous cruelty. James, Earl of Desmond, is no sooner liberated, than he disables or maims his uncle Garrett, — probably by " cutting a joint.5' Garrett is slain, and eighteen of the Geraldines " put to death" in 1477.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 40

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here stand two of the finest structures of their period: Blarney Castle and Kilcrea Abbey. Both were erected by Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed Laider, "the Strong." His strength showed itself in works of patriotism, taste, and piety, as well as war. At this time, both Anglo-Norman and Irish chieftains seemed to be emulating each other in deeds of blood and barbarous cruelty. James, Earl of Desmond, no sooner liberated than he disabled or maimed his uncle Garrett, probably by cutting a joint. Garrett was slain, and eighteen of the Geraldines put to death in 1477.

Call to arms for Kinsale and Kilmallock sovereigns against Clancare

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1568

The Lords Justices called upon Lord Barry More, the mayor of Cork, the sheriff of Cork, and the sovereigns of Kilmallock and Kinsale to aid Lord Roche against the Earl of Clancare. This call to arms risked fomenting further civil war in Munster.

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The Lords Justices write to the Earl of Clancare of the horrible excesses complained of by Lord Eoche, trust they are not altogether true, and command him to make restitution to the extent of the injury done. They speak of Lord Eoche's loyalty ; say that his services merit the protection of the government, and call upon Lord Barry More, Sir Dermot Mac Teig, the mayor of Cork, the sheriff of the county of Cork, the sovereigns of Kilmallock and Kinsale, to aid the Lord Eoche against Clancare. Such a call to arms was eminently calculated to foment the dissensions and civil war which the government professed to discountenance, but England possessed no other means of punishing violence or rebellion.
Mac Carthy More — for he at this time, 1569, repudiated his new title * of Earl of Clancare — was meditating rebellion, and carrying on an intercourse with Spain. One John Corbine, who had received a safe pass to travel through his kingdom of Kerry, made some important revelations to Cecil. The south-west coast was much frequented by Spaniards. Every year two hundred sail "fysheth there, and caryeth away

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 96

As the companion tells it

Coming up now is Kinsale, the town the road passes through. In 1568 the Lords Justices wrote to the Earl of Clancare about the horrible excesses complained of by Lord Roche. They said they trusted the complaints were not altogether true, and commanded him to make restitution to the extent of the injury done. They spoke of Lord Roche's loyalty, and said his services merited the protection of the government. Then they called upon Lord Barry More, Sir Dermot Mac Teig, the mayor of Cork, the sheriff of the county of Cork, and the sovereigns of Kilmallock and Kinsale to aid Lord Roche against Clancare. Such a call to arms was calculated to foment the dissensions and civil war which the government professed to discountenance. But England possessed no other means of punishing violence or rebellion. Mac Carthy More, for he at this time repudiated his new title of Earl of Clancare, was meditating rebellion, and carrying on an intercourse with Spain. One John Corbine, who had received a safe pass to travel through his kingdom of Kerry, made important revelations to Cecil. The south-west coast was much frequented by Spaniards. Every year two hundred sail fished there, and carried away.

Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal petition for justices and captains

Cork · city · Cork

The king's poor subjects of the cities of Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal petitioned Lord Rutland to send two good justices and English captains with twenty men to redress the enormities in the county. They threatened to complain to the king directly if no help came, warning 'farewell Munster for ever.'

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" Lord Roche, lord Oourcy, and the lord Barry only remain with the least part of their ancestors' possessions, and young Barry is there upon the king's portion, paying his grace never a penny rent ; wherefore we, the king's poor subjects, of the city of Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, desire your lordships to send hither two good justices, to see this matter ordered, and some English captains, with twenty Englishmen, that may be captains over us all, and we will rise with them to redress these enormities, all at our own costs ; and if you do not, we be all cast away, and then farewell Munster for ever ; and if you will not come nor send, we will send over to our liege lord the king, and complain on you all."
Campion says the inhabitants of Cork

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Cork city is coming up. In the time of Lord Rutland, the king's poor subjects of Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal sent a desperate petition. Lord Roche, Lord Courcy, and Lord Barry held only the least part of their ancestors' possessions, and young Barry sat on the king's portion, paying never a penny rent. So they asked that two good justices be sent to see the matter ordered, and English captains with twenty Englishmen to be captains over them all. They promised to rise with them and redress the enormities at their own costs. If no help came, they warned, they were all cast away, and then farewell Munster for ever. And if Rutland would not come nor send, they would send over to the king himself and complain on them all. Campion says the inhabitants of Cork.

Drury hangs chiefs and people at Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1576

Sir William Drury, president of Munster, proceeded from Cork to Limerick during his 1576 circuit, where he hanged a number of chiefs and common people as part of his campaign against disorder in Munster.

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The office of president of Munster appears to have been vacant for about three years, and was then filled, in 1576, by Sir William Drury, who " took a circuit," like Sir Henry Sydney, of all the great towns of Munster, " to confirm laws and regulations." He destroyed malefactors and robbers, and put to death Barrett, of Cork, and two noble and distinguished young constables of the tribe of Maolmurry, or Mac Sweeney.'' He proceeded thence to Limerick, where he hung " a number of chiefs and of the common people."
We conclude it was during this tour that the Earl of Desmond invited Sir William to his castle at Tralee. He came, accompanied by a hundred and twenty men. The earl assembled eight hundred to meet, some say to surprise, the Lord President. He made a rush or charge at the wild kerne and galloglasses, and drove them to cover. He then rode up to the castle, and

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 108

As the companion tells it

Limerick is a city the road passes through. In 1576, the office of president of Munster had been vacant for about three years. It was filled by Sir William Drury. He took a circuit of all the great towns of Munster, like Sir Henry Sydney, to confirm laws and regulations. He destroyed malefactors and robbers. He put to death Barrett of Cork, and two noble and distinguished young constables of the tribe of Maolmurry, or Mac Sweeney. He proceeded thence to Limerick, where he hanged a number of chiefs and of the common people. It was during this tour that the Earl of Desmond invited Sir William to his castle at Tralee. He came with 120 men. The earl assembled 800 to meet, some say to surprise, the Lord President. He made a rush at the wild kerne and galloglasses, and drove them to cover. He then rode up to the castle.

Fitzstephen and De Cogan divide seven cantreds near Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1174

Two years after signing the charter, Fitzstephen and Milo De Cogan took possession of seven of the thirty-two cantreds of the kingdom of Cork. Fitzstephen received three cantreds eastward, and Milo received four westward; the government of the city of Cork remained in common to them both.

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" Therefore, Dermoth of Desmond being brought to terms, and other powerful men of those parts, Fitzstephen and Milo divided seven cantreds between them, which were contiguous to the city, and which they then possessed in great security, three of which, eastward, fell to Fitzstephen' s lot, and four westward to Milo's. The one had the fewer in his division, because they \\ ere the best, and the other had the larger number, because they were of worse quality. The government of the city remained in common to them both, and the tribute of the other twenty-four cantreds, which remained undivided, was to be equally distributed between them, when they should be brought under subjection."
Cambrensis has left us a very imperfect account of the distribution of property made by Fitzstephen and De Cogan. But the confirmation charters of king John,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 11

As the companion tells it

Cork. In 1174, two years after the charter was signed, Fitzstephen and Milo de Cogan took possession of seven of the 32 cantreds of the kingdom of Cork. Dermot of Desmond had been brought to terms, and other powerful men of those parts too. The seven cantreds lay contiguous to the city. Three fell to Fitzstephen, eastward. Four went to Milo, westward. Fitzstephen had the fewer because his were the best. Milo had the larger number because his were of worse quality. The government of the city of Cork remained in common to them both. The remaining 24 cantreds were left undivided, but their tribute was to be equally shared between the two men, once those cantreds were brought under subjection. The record says Cambrensis left only an imperfect account of the whole arrangement.

James II hears mass at Shandon chapel in 1690

near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1627–1690

A small chapel stood on the site of the former Shandon monastery in 1690, where the deposed King James II heard mass. A chalice from this chapel, engraved with a 1627 inscription, reveals it was commissioned by Margareta Sarsfield for the Friars Minor of Shandon.

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A small chapel stood on the site of the monastery, in 1690. In this little chapel the ill-fated James IL heard mass. There is a chalice * belonging to this chapel still in existence, engraved " Dna Margareta Sarsfield me fieri fecit pro Fribus Minoribus de Shandon. Anno Domini 1627. Orate pro ea et pro marito ejus Waltro Coppinger."
There was an abbey and fraternity of the same order at Timoleague, in which many eminent persons were buried, among whom we may mention Allen Patrick O'Fihelly, in 1505, "famed for his learning," and Edmond Courcy, bishop of Boss, in 1518, who added a library, infirmary, dormitory, and belfry to the original structure, which was founded by William Barry, in the reign of Edward II., though some give the Mac Carthys the credit of the foundation.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

Passing through Shandon, near Cork, you are moving past ground where a small chapel stood in 1690, on the site of an old monastery. In that little chapel the ill-fated James II heard mass. A chalice from this chapel still survives, its inscription recording that Margareta Sarsfield had it made for the Friars Minor of Shandon in 1627. The same inscription asks prayers for her and for her husband Walter Coppinger. The chapel was already over sixty years old when the king knelt there, its chalice commissioned by Margareta Sarsfield for the friars of this place.

Ormond requests military aid for Cork and Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1539–1540

The Earl of Ormond, having been warned by the Archbishop of Cashel to turn back from a planned meeting with James of Desmond, wrote to Cromwell requesting more military aid be sent to Cork and Youghal to counter the Pretended Earl's power in Munster.

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Having laid down the pen, which he wielded so powerfully against the Deputy, he takes up the sword against his friend, the Pretended Earl. "But James of Desmond is no contemptible opponent. He must be approached cautiously. The Archbishop of Cashel is employed to feel the way. " I sent the Archbishop of Cashel, and others of good indifferency and discression, to treat with the said James. It was appointed that the said James and I, with a few of either party, should meet." Ormond approaches with a slynder company, sparing no jeopardie, and meets the archbishop, ryding at great pace, who tells him to " torne backe," that it " boted him not to tary ;" which friendly advice he adopted, writing to Crumwell to send more aid to Cork and Youghal. But in the meantime, not wishing the army to lie idle, he consults with the Lord Deputy, whom he has so lately abused, with Mr. John Travers* — a " well-worthy" man, who has been just appointed one of the Council — and with the Maister of the Eolles, respecting the next move. They passed
* John Travers. — This John Travers was Master of the Ordnance, as well a& on« of the Council.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 72

As the companion tells it

Youghal sits along this road, a town whose name reached Cromwell's desk in 1539. The Earl of Ormond had laid down the pen he wielded against the Deputy and taken up the sword against his friend, the Pretended Earl. But James of Desmond was no contemptible opponent. Ormond sent the Archbishop of Cashel and others of good discretion to treat with him. A meeting was appointed, each side bringing a few. Ormond approached with a slender company, sparing no jeopardy. He met the Archbishop riding at great pace, who told him to turn back, that it booted him not to tarry. Ormond took the advice and wrote to Cromwell to send more aid to Cork and Youghal. Not wishing the army to lie idle, he consulted with the Lord Deputy, whom he had so lately abused, with Mr. John Travers, a well-worthy man just appointed to the Council, and with the Master of the Rolls, regarding the next move.

Sydney's festive reception in Cork, 1575

Cork · city · Cork · 1575

Sir Henry Sydney arrived in Cork on 23 December 1575 and was received with celebrations by the citizens, who also lodged his English footmen and galloglasses for six weeks. Sydney reported the city had flourished greatly under resident authority, noting he had seldom seen any town so improved in a few years.

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Sir Henry writes the privy council : — " The good estate and flourishing of that city well appro veth the good effects of resident authority amongst them ; for it is so amended as in a few years I have seldom seen any town. I was, for the time of my continuance there, very honourably attended and accompanied by the Earls of Desmond, Thomond, and Clancarre, the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 104

As the companion tells it

In 1575 Sir Henry Sydney arrived in Cork on 23 December. The citizens received him with celebration and lodged his English footmen and galloglasses for 6 weeks. Sydney wrote the privy council the city's flourishing showed the good effects of resident authority, so amended he had seldom seen any town in a few years. He was honourably attended by the Earls of Desmond, Thomond, and Clancarre.

William Burke created Lord Baron of Castleconnell

Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1579

Queen Elizabeth created Sir William Burke a peer of the realm under the title of Lord Baron of Castleconnell, in recognition of his sons' services and her sympathy for their deaths. Camden records that the old man died soon after, overcome by joy at his new title.

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Queen Elizabeth, to express her sympathy with the sorrow of Sir William Burke, and her sense of his sons' services to the state, created the father a peer of the realm, under the title of Lord Baron of Castle- Connell. Camden remarks, that the old man died
* Clone his head in twain. — O'Daly, who compares Fitzmaurice to Achilles, says he slew William as well as Theobald Burke : — " He made a lane for himself to where Theobald Burke stood, and with a single blow cleft his skull in twain, and with another stroke killed his brother William."— O'Daly, c. 22. The Four Masters mention only Theobald. Camrten speaks of two brothers falling:— " Theobaldus et alter fratribus cum nonnullis suorum occubuerunt."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 111

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Castleconnell now. In 1579 Queen Elizabeth made Sir William Burke a peer of the realm, Lord Baron of Castleconnell, to mark his sons' services to the state and her sorrow for their deaths. Camden says the old man died soon after, overcome by joy at his new title.

Youghal captures pirate who plundered fishing boats

Youghal · town · Cork · 1547

The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Youghal reported that they had captured a pirate named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats, and sought direction from the Lord Deputy on what to do with him.

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WE have a new king and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger has been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham. The principal magistrates of the principal towns, send letters and addresses. The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork write to say, they have sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties; the mayor, bailiffs, and council of Youghal, that they have captured a pirate, named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats, and wish to know what they are to do with him ; the Sovereign and council of Kinsale, that all their men have died of pestilence — there was a great plague in the city of Cork this year — that they have a wide and empty town, few men, and naughty neighbours, that their haven is stopped by " eagle's pirates," and that one Richard Colle, or Colley, a pirate with a pinnace, has married Barry Oge's aunt, and lives in his castle, and will not suffer any one to come to the town. They request the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe,* Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy commanding them to take the king's coin.
* The Lor* Barry.— The Editor of the Calendar of Irish State Papers for 1509-1573 erroneously styles this Irish nobleman Lord Barrymore. David Lord Barry, Viscount of Buttevant, was created Earl of Barrymore, February 28, 1627. The title Baron Barry was conferred in 1420, and Viscount Buttevant in 1555.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

The town of Youghal, in Cork, had trouble with pirates in 1547. There was a new king that year, and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger had been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham, and the principal magistrates of the principal towns sent letters and addresses to him. The mayor, bailiffs, and council wrote to say they had captured a pirate named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats. They wanted to know what they were to do with him. Other towns wrote too. Cork sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties. The Sovereign and council of Kinsale reported that all their men had died of pestilence, that they had a wide and empty town, few men, and naughty neighbours, that their haven was stopped by pirates, and that one Richard Colle, a pirate with a pinnace, had married Barry Oge's aunt and lived in his castle, and would not suffer anyone to come to the town. They requested the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe, Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy commanding them to take the king's coin.

Desmond summoned opposition parliament at Callan

Callan · town · Kilkenny · 1345

In 1345, Ralph Ufford summoned a parliament in Dublin which the Earl of Desmond refused to attend. Instead Desmond called an opposition parliament at Callan in County Kilkenny, provoking Ufford to confiscate Desmond's lands and seize two of his castles.

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Edward III. having discovered that the over-large grants of land made to Anglo-Norman lords, had raised them to the position of Irish kings, and produced the same insubordination and anarchy which had existed before the conquest, attempted to curtail, and in some instances to nullify and resume these lordly inheritances, which produced a rebellion among Irish lords that was headed by the Earl of Desmond. The king sent over Ralph Ufford, who summoned a parliament to meet in Dublin, on the 7th of June, 1345. The Earl of Desmond not only refused to attend,* but summoned an opposition parliament to meet at Callan, in the county of Kilkenny, which so provoked Ufford, that he confiscated Desmond's lands, and attempted to seize his person, but not succeeding, took two of his castles, Iniskysty and Island Castle, and hung three of his followers, Sir Eustace Power, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel.
These severe measures of the Lord Justice, who is described as " over rigorous, greedy of amassing wealth, and an improper person," were discountenanced by

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 22

As the companion tells it

The town of Callan in Kilkenny was the site of an act of defiance in 1345. King Edward the Third had found that large grants of land to Anglo-Norman lords had raised them to the position of Irish kings, producing the same disorder that had existed before the conquest. He tried to curtail these inheritances, and in some cases to nullify and resume them. This produced a rebellion among Irish lords, headed by the Earl of Desmond. The king sent Ralph Ufford, who summoned a parliament to meet in Dublin on the 7th of June, 1345. Desmond not only refused to attend, but called an opposition parliament to meet at Callan. This so provoked Ufford that he confiscated Desmond's lands and tried to seize his person. Failing that, he took two of Desmond's castles, Iniskysty and Island Castle, and hanged three of his followers, Sir Eustace Power, Sir William Grant, and Sir John Cotterel. Ufford was described as

Desmond summoned to Cork city with armed force, 1377

Cork · city · Cork · 1377

Gerald, Earl of Desmond, came to the city of Cork at the command of the justices of Ireland with a great force of men and remained there several days at his own expense. He was paid ten marks in compensation, partly because his servant was drowned while crossing a piece of water near the city.

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" A.D. 1377. — Gerald, Earl of Desmond, having come to the city of Cork, at the command of the justices of Ireland, with a great force of men, and having remained there for several days, at hia own expense, was paid ten marks, to remunerate him for the same, and as a compensation for his servant having been drowned by accident, when riding over a piece of water, near the city, on a horse belonging to the earl, of the value of two marks.''
"A.D. 1381. — O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest in the counties of Limerick, Keriy and Cork; in consequence of which, and the Justice's being unable to remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king, it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick < to assuage their malice ; ' and 200 marks were directed to be paid him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

As you come through Cork, this city has a story from 1377. Gerald, Earl of Desmond, came to the city of Cork at the command of the justices of Ireland, with a great force of men. He remained there for several days at his own expense. He was paid ten marks to remunerate him for the same, and as compensation for his servant having been drowned by accident, when riding over a piece of water near the city, on a horse belonging to the earl, of the value of two marks. Then in 1381, O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest in the counties of Limerick, Kerry and Cork. The justices were unable to remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king. It was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick "to assuage their malice." Two hundred marks were directed to be paid him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell.

Florence MacCarthy arrested 1588 for love of Old Head of Kinsale

near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork · 1588

When Sir Thomas Norris arrested Florence MacCarthy in 1588, two principal charges against him were his affinity for Spaniards and his interest in the Old Head of Kinsale. These charges reflected suspicions about MacCarthy's political and military loyalties.

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That portion of Annias' examination before Sir Nicholas Walsh and Justice Comerford, which treats of Mac Carthy's proposed works at Dunderrow, near Kinsale, must have been very damaging to the newly liberated chieftain. Two of the principal charges brought against him by Sir Thomas Norris, when arresting him in 1588, was his love of Spaniards, and of the Old Head of Kinsale.
But he managed, notwithstanding what Annias said, and all that was suspected, to get back to Desmond, and was shortly after, as we have seen, installed as Mac Carthy More, not by the queen, or her lord deputy, but by O'Neill. On this occasion he was " sworne on a Masse booke, to be true to Tirone." This must have

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 157

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, this headland was one of two things Florence MacCarthy was charged with loving too much. In 1588, Sir Thomas Norris arrested him, and the two principal charges were his love of Spaniards and his love of this place. An examination by someone called Annias about MacCarthy's proposed works at Dunderrow, near Kinsale, was said to have been very damaging against him. Yet he managed to get back to Desmond despite all that was suspected, and was installed as MacCarthy More, not by the queen or her lord deputy, but by O'Neill. He was, in the source's words, "sworne on a Masse booke, to be true to Tirone."

Grant of Decies to Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromana

Dromana · townland · Waterford · 1529

On attaining the earldom in 1529, the Earl of Desmond made a grant in perpetuity of the country of the Decies to his father-in-law Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromond (Dromana), the residence of the old Countess's family near Affane.

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own hand, but we learn from the same authority, that it was not his reigning wife's father ; for on attaining the title in 1529, he made a grant in perpetuity of the country of the Decies, to his " reigning wife's father, Sir John Fitzgerald, of Dromond," or Dromana. The Countess Catherine Fitzgerald was his second wife. This venerable pair, for the earl lived to a very great age, lie buried at Youghal, where their monuments or effigies in stone, with the heraldic monkey at their feet, may be seen to the present day.
The earl had a son Maurice, by his first wife Ellen, the daughter of Mac Carthy of Muskerry, but he died before his father, leaving one son named James, known as the Court Page, but how he came to attain this title requires explanation.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 61

As the companion tells it

Close to Dromana, in 1529 the Earl of Desmond, on attaining his title, made a grant in perpetuity of the country of the Decies to his father-in-law, Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromond, or Dromana. His reigning wife was Countess Catherine Fitzgerald, his second wife, and Sir John was her father. The earl lived to a very great age. He and the Countess lie buried at Youghal, where their stone effigies can still be seen, with a heraldic monkey at their feet. By his first wife, Ellen, daughter of MacCarthy of Muskerry, the earl had a son named Maurice, but Maurice died before his father, leaving one son called James, known as the Court Page.

Lord Leonard Gray stays with abbot near Westmeath border

Westmeath · county · Westmeath · 1536–1540

Among the ninety charges of indictment against Lord Leonard Gray was that he remained for a long time with an abbot on the borders of Westmeath, with whom he exchanged affectionate letters, indicating collusion with papistical interests.

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"His lordship elected by himself a private councill of the Geraldyne and papisticall secte, by whom he has been ordred and governed ever sithens. My lord sent his newphew to scole to Levorus,* an arrant traitor and a rank papist. His lordship remained for a greate space with an abbot, in the borders of Westmythe, who wrote divers letters to my lord, and my lord te hym, verie lovinglie. My lord had a servant called Eobert Walshe, brother to the Prior Walshe, and stand-bearer to the tray tor, Thomas Fitz-Gerald, and when the said Thomas Fitz-Gerald was sent to the Tower, my lord employed this Eobert Walshe to convey private letters between them, conceiled from the king. My lord fell into a gret familiaritie with O'Brien's wif, who was an intier frend to the traytor, Thomas Fitz-Gerald. My lord passed through the strength of all Thomond upon O'Brien's nude [bare] promyse, having for his salve [safe] conducte a simple galloglagh of O'Brien's, bearing an axe before hym. My lord made a jorney northward, and when he came there, he took preys My lord was accounted a grete frend to O'Neill, and my lord made gossope to O'Neill, f
* Levorus. — The Lord Deputy Crofts, writing to the Duke of Northumberland in 1651, recommends that Levorus, who was a schoolmaster to young Lord Gerald Fitzgerald of Kildare, should be appointed Archbishop of Cashcl. He speaks of him " for learning, discretion, and good living, as the best man in this realm, and best able to preach both in the English and Irish tongue." Calendar of State Papers, 1509-1573. The paper is dated Kilmainham, November 11, 1551.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 75

As the companion tells it

As the road passes through Westmeath, this county figures in one of the charges brought against Lord Leonard Gray. Among ninety counts of indictment, it was said that he remained for a great space with an abbot on the borders of Westmeath. This abbot wrote divers letters to Gray, and Gray wrote back to him very lovingly. The exchange was taken as evidence that Gray was ruled by a private council of the Geraldine and papistical sect. The same body of charges tells more. Gray sent his nephew to school to Leverous, called an arrant traitor and a rank papist. He kept a servant called Robert Walshe, brother to the Prior Walshe and standard-bearer to the traitor Thomas FitzGerald. When FitzGerald was sent to the Tower, Gray employed Walshe to convey private letters between them, concealed from the king. Gray fell into great familiarity with O'Brien's wife, who was an entire friend to FitzGerald. He passed through the strength of all Thomond on O'Brien's bare promise, with a single galloglass bearing an axe before him. He made a journey northward and took preys. He was accounted a great friend to O'Neill and made gossip to him.

MacCarthy More submits and oath of fealty prepared

Cork · city · Cork · 1551

Following the appointment of Sir James Croft as Lord Deputy in May 1551, MacCarthy More submitted to the Crown, and an oath of fealty was being prepared for his people.

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St. Leger retired from the Deputyship in the May of 1551, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. Mr. St. Leger, the son, gets the office of Andrew Brereton, who has, as he states, " honestly served." The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess, his wife, repair to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords are being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, who has lost office, calls Tyrone a traitor, and says he wrote to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. Mac Carthy More submits; an oath of fealty is preparing for his people.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 83

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1551, was caught up in a change at the top. St. Leger retired from the Deputyship that May, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard, and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess his wife, repaired to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords were being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, who had lost office, called Tyrone a traitor and said he wrote to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. MacCarthy More submitted, and an oath of fealty was preparing for his people.

Mountjoy writes from Cork on Spanish reinforcement threat

Cork · city · Cork · 1602

From Cork on 15 February 1602, Lord Deputy Mountjoy wrote to the English council that intercepted letters revealed the King of Spain intended to send a larger supply to Ireland. One ship carrying 160 Spaniards had already left Kinsale for Spain.

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on the 15th of February, says, " it appeareth by some letters intercepted, that the king of Spain purposeth to send a larger supply with all expedition." Again, " that his heart is very much set upon the enterprise of Ireland." Don Juan will do his best to stay the new arrivals, and if he arrives in Spain before they start, has no doubt of succeeding ; but Don Juan himself " stays, to goe the last." But one ship, containing a hundred and sixty Spaniards, has left Kinsale for Spain. There are vessels in the harbour, able to carry away fifteen hundred more, but the winds are contrary.
The wind changes on the '20th of February, and 1374 soldiers set sail from Kinsale to Spain. Don Juan embarked at Kinsale on the 8th of March, an<l sailed on the 16th. The lord deputy, writing to the English council, says, "Don Juan and all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale, on Tuesday, the 16th, and that the wind since hath served so well, as we assure ourselves, by this, they are near the coast of Spain." The following letter announces his arrival, and his high opinion of Carew, notwithstanding the theft of the dispatches : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 175

As the companion tells it

On the 15th of February 1602, Lord Deputy Mountjoy wrote from Cork to the English council. Intercepted letters had revealed that the King of Spain purposed to send a larger supply with all expedition, and that

Norris stationed at Kilmallock during Desmond rising

Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1598

When the Sugan Earl of Desmond and his brother John opened their campaign, Sir Thomas Norris, President of Munster, was stationed at Kilmallock. The Earl of Ormond hastened with troops to join him there upon hearing of the rising.

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The Annals of Ireland record, under the same year, 1597, the deaths of the Earl of Kildare, the Lord Justice, and his wife's brother. The Lord Justice fell in with a troop of O'Neill's horse, on the banks of the Abhainn-Mor, or Blackwater, where he was wounded. He was carried in a litter to Newry, where he died. The sword of state was therefore entrusted to the Lord Chancellor, the Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, antt Sir Eobert Gardiner, till a new Chief Justice or Deputy was appointed. Thomas, Earl of Ormond was appointed Generalissimo, who concluded an armistice with O'Neill. When the armistice concluded, Marshal Bagnell, whose sister had eloped with and married O'Neill, met this redoubtable chieftain between Lough Erne and Dundalk, and fell, mortally wounded, at the famous battle of the Yellow Ford.f It was fought on the 10th of August, 1598. The account of this battle, in which the English were defeated, spread like wildfire through the South, and kindled a warlike flame in the bosom of James Fitz-Thomas, the Sugan Earl of Desmond, who considered himself the legitimate heir to the title and vast estates of his outlawed uncle, Garrett. He and his brother John opened the campaign in Qmnello. Sir Thomas Norris, President of Munster, was lying at Kilmallock. The Earl of
* Died suddenly. — 0' Sullivan Beare tells a story of Sir John and the devil, which Doctor 0' Donovan says would do credit to the author of Doctor Faustus. f Yellow Ford. — Beal an-atha-buidhe, »'*., mouth of the Yellow Ford.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 132

As the companion tells it

Kilmallock is a town the road passes through. The year was 1598, and the South was about to catch fire. Before that, the Annals of Ireland record that in 1597 the Lord Justice was wounded on the banks of the Blackwater by a troop of O'Neill's horse, and carried in a litter to Newry, where he died. Thomas, Earl of Ormond was appointed Generalissimo, and concluded an armistice with O'Neill. When that armistice ended, Marshal Bagnall met O'Neill between Lough Erne and Dundalk, and fell mortally wounded at the battle of the Yellow Ford, fought on the 10th of August, 1598. The English were defeated. Word of it spread like wildfire through the South, and kindled a warlike flame in James Fitz-Thomas, the Sugan Earl of Desmond, who considered himself the legitimate heir to the title and vast estates of his outlawed uncle Garrett. He and his brother John opened their campaign. Sir Thomas Norris, President of Munster, was stationed at Kilmallock. The Earl of Ormond hastened with troops to join him there upon hearing of the rising.

Perkin Warbeck arrives at Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1497

In 1497, the citizens of Waterford informed the king of Perkin Warbeck's arrival at Cork, affirming their loyalty. Warbeck's landing precipitated a rebel advance against Waterford.

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"In the year 1497, it was again the good fortune of the citizens of Waterford to manifest their loyalty to the king ; for which, among other honours, they received the following motto — l Intacta manet Waterfordia.' On this occasion they communicated to his majerty the intelligence of the arrival of Perkin Warbeck at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection.
u An opportunity was now afforded them to prove the sincerity of their professions, and the extent of their devotion, for immediately on his landing, the whole strength of the rebel force was directed against Waterford, Perkin Warbeck, and Maurice, Earl of Desmond, with an army of 2,400 men, advanced to the city, and on the 23rd of July prepared to invest it. This force was intended to assault the western division, while a fleet of eleven ships, which arrived at Passage, was ordered to engage from the river ; there was also a body of troops landed from the fleet, who were to proceed in the direction of Lumbard's Marsh, and co-operate with the land forces.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

As the companion tells it

You are coming through Cork now. In 1497, the citizens of Waterford had the good fortune to manifest their loyalty to the king, and among other honours they received the motto, 'Intacta manet Waterfordia.' They communicated to his majesty the intelligence of Perkin Warbeck's arrival, and assured him of their loyalty and affection. An opportunity was soon afforded them to prove their sincerity. Immediately on his landing, the whole strength of the rebel force was directed against Waterford. Perkin Warbeck and Maurice, Earl of Desmond, with an army of 2,400 men, advanced to the city, and on the 23rd of July prepared to invest it. This force was intended to assault the western division. A fleet of 11 ships arrived at Passage and was ordered to engage from the river. A body of troops landed from the fleet, to proceed in the direction of Lumbard's Marsh and co-operate with the land forces.

The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 1)

The stories, best first

Sydney describes decayed Youghal, 1565

Timoleague Franciscan friary and its notable burials

Unsafe route between Limerick and Cashel

Waterford refuses Sydney military aid before Clonmel

Aenghus killed at the battle of Cell Osnadha

Forays and cattle raids from Carew's camp near Bantry

O'Sullivan Beare's patent for lands of Beare and Bantry

Pretended Earl's submission at Dungarvan

Bishop of Kilmore suspended; John Brady surrenders bulls

Cork city under siege: gates watched continually

Desmond's brother John imprisoned and sent to Dublin

Don Juan de Aquila at Cork with President Carew

Drury executes Barrett of Cork

Fitzmaurice takes Castlemaine Castle

French merchant reports Stukeley's exploits at Kinsale

Irish forces besiege the English camp at Kinsale

MacCarthy destroys castle in Imokilly

Pierce Butler preys on Callan during rebellion

St. Leger parleys with James of Desmond at Clonmel

Wine wreck at Burrin gave Donnell na-Pipy his name

Annias examination on MacCarthy's works at Dunderrow

Army struck by sickness at Buttevant

Castle of Beerehaven in Spanish surrender articles

Earl of Desmond pardoned and granted customs of Cork ports

Edward IV charter: Cork walls destroyed by enemies and rebels

Fitzmaurice lands at Smerwick with Papal expedition

Founding of Kilcrea Abbey by the Mac Carthys

Henry VIII charter grants sword to Cork mayor

Homage at the church of St. Multose

Judicial sessions and executions in Cork

Kingdom of Cork area and cantred division

King John's 1210 expedition to Carrickfergus against de Lacy

Nathaniel Spencer sells Ballinasloe to Frederick Trench

O'Daly's poem on flattery in Muskerry

O'Sullivan's night march through Ballyvourney to Shannon

Report of Spanish ships at Dingle

Sheriff of Waterford's deposition letter against Desmond

Shooting of James, son of Maurice at Youghal

Spenser's letter to Raleigh written from Kilcolman, 1591

Taylor executed at Cork, body hung near North Gate

Walter Wellesley, Prior of Conall, recommended for Cork see

Blarney Castle and Kilcrea Abbey built by Cormac Mac Carthy

Call to arms for Kinsale and Kilmallock sovereigns against Clancare

Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal petition for justices and captains

Drury hangs chiefs and people at Limerick

Fitzstephen and De Cogan divide seven cantreds near Cork

James II hears mass at Shandon chapel in 1690

Ormond requests military aid for Cork and Youghal

Sydney's festive reception in Cork, 1575

William Burke created Lord Baron of Castleconnell

Youghal captures pirate who plundered fishing boats

Desmond summoned opposition parliament at Callan

Desmond summoned to Cork city with armed force, 1377

Florence MacCarthy arrested 1588 for love of Old Head of Kinsale

Grant of Decies to Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromana

Lord Leonard Gray stays with abbot near Westmeath border

MacCarthy More submits and oath of fealty prepared

Mountjoy writes from Cork on Spanish reinforcement threat

Norris stationed at Kilmallock during Desmond rising

Perkin Warbeck arrives at Cork