The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 1)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Queen's lands in Cork and Limerick laid waste

   Cork · city · Cork · 1568

   In 1568, Jacques Wingfield reported to Cecil that the queen's lands in Cork and Limerick were utterly waste and uninhabited. He spoke of extortions by Thomas Roe of Desmond and James Fitzmaurice who raided Kerry.

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   Munster was at this period in a very disturbed state. Mr. Jacques Wingfield, writing to Cecil, says, the queen's lands in Cork and Limerick are utterly waste, without a person to inhabit there. He speaks of the extortions of Thomas Roe,* of Desmond, the bastard brother of the earl, and his cousin, James Fitzmaurice, who made a raid into Kerry, which caused the Earl of Clancare to retaliate, by entering Cork and spoiling

   * Thomas Roe, of Desmond, was no bastard, but the eldest son of James th« Usurper, by Joan, the daughter of Lord Roche.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 96

   As the companion tells it

   Passing through Cork, you enter a city Jacques Wingfield told Cecil about in 1568, when Munster was in a disturbed state and the queen's lands in Cork and Limerick were utterly waste, without a person to inhabit there. He spoke of extortions by Thomas Roe of Desmond, the bastard brother of the earl, and his cousin James Fitzmaurice, who raided Kerry, causing the Earl of Clancare to retaliate by entering Cork and spoiling.

2. Sir John de Courcy builds Kilbrittain Castle, slain at Inchydoney

   near Kilbrittain · street · Cork

   Sir John de Courcy, grandson of Myles, built the castle of Kilbrittan in County Cork. He was dispossessed by Mac Carthy Reagh and slain by him on the island of Inchydoney in Clonakilty harbour in 1295.

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   Myles was succeeded by his grandson, Sir John de Courcy, who built the castle of Kilbrittan, of which he was afterwards dispossessed by Mac Carthy Eeagh, by whom he was slain, in the island of Inehedonny, in the harbour of Clonakilty, in 1295.

   "Walter de la flaye, the king's Escheator in Ireland, took possession of the De Courcy property, and made it over, for a composition, £12 12s. per annum, on James Keating, " for the use of the heir of the said John Lord Courcy."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 19

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about Kilbrittain, Sir John de Courcy built this castle. He was Myles's grandson. Mac Carthy Reagh dispossessed him, and then slew him on the island of Inchydoney, in Clonakilty harbour, in 1295. After his death, Walter de la flaye, the king's Escheator in Ireland, took possession of the de Courcy property. He made it over to James Keating for a composition of £12 12s. per annum, for the use of the heir of the said John Lord Courcy.

3. Spanish surrender of Baltimore castles

   Baltimore · town · Cork · 1602

   Captain Harvey sailed to Donnelong, Baltimore, where he was feasted by the Spanish governor Andreas de Aervy. On February 26, 1602, the castles of Donnelong and Donneshed were delivered into the hands of the English.

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   Captain Roger Harvey and his friend, Soto the Veador, set sail, the 23rd of February, for Donnelong, Baltimore, where they were " feasted" by the Governor Andreas de Aervy. Here they shipped seven pieces of cannon. On the 26th, both the castles, Donnelong and Donneshed, were, with " Spanish gravitie" and Greek faith, delivered into the hands of the English.

   The case was different with Dunboy Castle, Bearehaven, for which Captain George Flower shipped, in " ahoy, or vessel of a hundred and twenty tons," with

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 176

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up near Baltimore now. In February 1602 Captain Roger Harvey sailed here with Soto the Veador, and the Spanish governor Andreas de Aervy feasted them. They shipped seven pieces of cannon. On the 26th, both castles, Donnelong and Donneshed, were delivered into the hands of the English, what the source calls with "Spanish gravitie" and "Greek faith".

4. Spenser sheriff of Cork city in 1597

   Cork · city · Cork · 1597

   Edmund Spenser served as sheriff of Cork city in 1597. The author suggests his marriage may have been celebrated in Cork, and invokes local imagery from the poet's works to argue his wife was a Cork woman.

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   It is not improbable that the marriage was celebrated in the city of Cork, of which the poet was sheriff in 1597.

   " Tell me, ye merchant daughters, did ye see So fayre a creature in your town before ? Her goodly eyes, lyke saphyres shining bright, Her forehead ivory white, Her lips lyke cherries charming men to byte."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 139

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up through Cork. In 1597 the poet Edmund Spenser was sheriff of this city. The author of one history suggests Spenser's marriage may have been celebrated here, and argues his wife was a Cork woman, quoting the poet's own words:

5. Thomond leaves garrison on Whiddy Island in Bantry Bay

   near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1602

   Unable to advance past Tirrell's position, Thomond left part of his army on Whiddy Island in Bantry Bay, described as 'very convenient for the service,' and returned to Cork to report to the president.

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   Pass, in the mountains of Beare, by Captain Tirrell, who with O'Sullivan Beare, kept the field, leaving the care of the castle to his constable, Richard MacGeoghegan. The Four Masters say the sons of Owen [O'Sullivan] were assisting the earl against O'Sullivan [Beare], because the O'Sullivan had taken Dun-Badi and Beare from their father, by the decision of Council beyond and here,* and was accustomed to say that he should, by right, receive the rents of Bantry." O'Donovan was also at strife with O'Sullivan Beare on this occasion, and had some fighting with him at this place. But Captain Tirrell had taken so strong a position in the mountains of Beare, that Thomond was compelled to turn back. He left part of his army on Whiddy Island, in Bantry Bay, a place " very convenient for the service," and returned with the rest of the forces to Cork, to report progress to the president, who prepares to take the field in person.

   He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

   As the companion tells it

   Whiddy Island sits out in Bantry Bay, and in 1602 it held part of an army. Captain Tirrell had taken a strong position in the mountains of Beare, keeping the field with O'Sullivan Beare. The Four Masters say the sons of Owen O'Sullivan were assisting the earl against O'Sullivan Beare, because O'Sullivan had taken Dun-Badi and Beare from their father, by a decision of Council, and was accustomed to say that he should, by right, receive the rents of Bantry. O'Donovan was also at strife with O'Sullivan Beare on this occasion, and had some fighting with him at this place. Tirrell's position was so strong that Thomond was compelled to turn back. He left part of his army on Whiddy Island, a place the record calls very convenient for the service, and returned with the rest of his forces to Cork, to report progress to the president. The president then prepared to take the field in person. He left Cork on the 20th of April, 1602, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends. That night he encamped at Owneboy, near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow. The 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels. The 25th, to Rosscarbery. The 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven. The 27th, to Baltimore. The 29th, they encamped on a mountain near Kilcoa, a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, held a ward.

6. Towns under Cork's maritime jurisdiction per Edward IV charter

   near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork · 1476

   The charter of Edward IV gave Cork's magistrates jurisdiction over at least twelve towns and villages where the sea ebbs and flows: Whitegate, Aghada, Cove, Glanmire, Cork, Douglas, Blackrock, Passage, Monkstown, Rinnaskiddy, Carrigaline, and Crosshaven. The author suggests these were included in the cantred possessed by the Danes.

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   can reckon, in the present day, at least twelve towns and villages, great and small, (not to speak of pills,* creeks, burghs, and strands,) to which the sea ebbs and flows, and over which the charter of Edward IV. gave our magistrates jurisdiction: Whitegate, Aghada, Cove, Glanmirc, Cork, Douglas, Blackrock, Passage, Monkstown, Rinnaskiddy, Carrigaline, and Crosshaven. There is very little doubt, that these small towns, as well as the larger city, were included in the cantied, or territory, possessed by the Danes.

   Henry's grant of "all the kingdom of Cork" except the city and the before-mentioned cantred, to Fitzstephen and De Cogan, does not seem to have interfered with Mac Carthy's grant of a part of the kingdom to Raymond Le Gros. The circumstance is worthy of record. Cormac, eldest son of Dermot, king of Cork, rose in rebellion against his father, seized, imprisoned, and attempted to dethrone him. The old man, in his emergency, sought the aid of Eaymond Le Gros, who

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 11

   As the companion tells it

   Cork Harbour, under a charter of Edward IV in 1476, came under the jurisdiction of Cork's magistrates. The charter covered at least twelve towns and villages where the sea ebbs and flows: Whitegate, Aghada, Cove, Glanmire, Cork, Douglas, Blackrock, Passage, Monkstown, Rinnaskiddy, Carrigaline, and Crosshaven. The author suggests these towns, like the larger city, were included in the cantred, or territory, possessed by the Danes. Henry's grant of "all the kingdom of Cork" except the city and the cantred went to Fitzstephen and De Cogan. This did not seem to interfere with Mac Carthy's grant of part of the kingdom to Raymond Le Gros. Cormac, eldest son of Dermot, king of Cork, rose in rebellion against his father, seized him, imprisoned him, and attempted to dethrone him. The old man, in his emergency, sought the aid of Raymond Le Gros.

7. Warbeck's retreat from Waterford to Ballycasheen

   Ballycasheen · townland · Clare · 1497

   Disheartened by their losses, the besieging forces retreated on the night of August 3, 1497. They fled to Ballycasheen, then proceeded to Passage where Warbeck embarked and fled to Cork.

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   "The enemy, disheartened by all these untoward occurrences, and fearing to await the vengeance of the enraged citizens, raised the siege, and on the night of the 3rd of August, retreated to Ballycasheen, from thence they proceeded to Passage, where Perkin Warbeck embarked, and fled to Cork. The citizens pursued him, with four ships, and, after an eager chase, followed him to Cornwall, where he landed. W hen this intelligence reached the king, who was then

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Ballycasheen, in 1497, a siege ended in flight. The enemy, disheartened by losses and fearing the citizens' vengeance, raised the siege on the night of August 3 and retreated here to Ballycasheen. From here they went on to Passage, where Perkin Warbeck boarded a ship and fled to Cork. The citizens chased him with four ships, following him all the way to Cornwall, where he landed.

8. Nine of Lord Deputy's men slain in Fingall, 1464

   Fingal · administrative county · Dublin · 1464

   In 1464, nine of the Lord Deputy Thomas Earl of Desmond's men were slain in Fingall through the instigation of the Bishop of Meath. The Deputy and the Bishop then went to the king's house, condemning each other.

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   "A.D. 1464. — Mac William Bourke and O'Donnell, and many of the English and Irish, went to Dublin towards Thomas, Earle of Desmond, Lord Deputye of Ireland, and adheared to him. Nine of the Lord Deputye's men were slaine in Fingall, through the instigation of the Bishop of Meath. The Deputy and Bishop aforesaid, and the Preston, went to their king's house, condemning each other."

   Some are of opinion that it was his close adhesion to the Burkes, O'Donnells, O'Briens,* Kildares, and other Irish lords, which lost him royal favor, and finally his head ; but a more interesting, and perhaps probable explanation is given of this tragic affair.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 37

   As the companion tells it

   The road passes through Fingal. In 1464, Mac William Bourke and O'Donnell, with many of the English and Irish, went to Dublin towards Thomas, Earl of Desmond, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and adhered to him. Nine of the Lord Deputy's men were slain, through the instigation of the Bishop of Meath. The Deputy and the Bishop, and the Preston, went to the king's house, condemning each other. Some hold that it was his close adherence to the Burkes, the O'Donnells, the O'Briens, the Kildares, and other Irish lords that lost him royal favour, and finally his head.

9. A bottle of whiskey warns the English of an impending attack

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1601

   On 23 December 1601, a messenger from Brian Hugh Oge Mac Mahon delivered a letter to the Lord President at Kinsale, thanking him for a bottle of whiskey and warning him of a planned Irish and Spanish assault on the English camp.

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   The next night, the 23rd of December, the same messenger brought a letter, thanking Sir George for

   * Perish of famine.— " If Tyrone had laine still, and not suffered himself to be drawn to the plaine ground by the Spaniards' importunity, all our horse must needs have been sent away or starved."— Morysoris Hist, of Ireland, Book ii., c. ii.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 166

   As the companion tells it

   Coming through Kinsale. On the 23rd of December 1601, Brian Hugh Oge MacMahon, an Irish commander, asked Sir George Carew for a bottle of aqua-vitae, using it as a pretext to send a messenger warning the English that the Irish planned a night attack and the Spaniards were ready to sally from the town.

10. Burial effigies of the Earl and Countess at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1534–1861

    The Earl of Desmond and his wife Catherine Fitzgerald lie buried at Youghal, where their stone monuments or effigies, marked with the heraldic monkey at their feet, could still be seen at the time of writing.

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    own hand, but we learn from the same authority, that it was not his reigning wife's father ; for on attaining the title in 1529, he made a grant in perpetuity of the country of the Decies, to his " reigning wife's father, Sir John Fitzgerald, of Dromond," or Dromana. The Countess Catherine Fitzgerald was his second wife. This venerable pair, for the earl lived to a very great age, lie buried at Youghal, where their monuments or effigies in stone, with the heraldic monkey at their feet, may be seen to the present day.

    The earl had a son Maurice, by his first wife Ellen, the daughter of Mac Carthy of Muskerry, but he died before his father, leaving one son named James, known as the Court Page, but how he came to attain this title requires explanation.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal is where the Earl of Desmond and his wife Catherine Fitzgerald lie buried. The earl lived to a very great age. He had taken the title in 1529, and made a grant in perpetuity of the country of the Decies to his reigning wife's father, Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromond, or Dromana. Catherine Fitzgerald was his second wife. His first was Ellen, daughter of Mac Carthy of Muskerry, and she bore him a son named Maurice. But Maurice died before his father, leaving one son named James, known as the Court Page. At Youghal the monuments or effigies in stone of the earl and countess may be seen to the present day, with the heraldic monkey at their feet.

11. Carew marches from Cork to Beara via south Cork coast

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1602

    Carew left Cork on 20 April 1602, encamping at Owneboy near Kinsale, then marching through Timoleague, Rosscarbery, the Leap, Castlehaven, and Baltimore toward Dunboy. Three rebels were executed at Timoleague along the way.

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    He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's

    * The Council beyond and here.— The English and Irish Council.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Timoleague, you are on the route Carew took in April 1602. He had left Cork on the 20th, weak and against the advice of his friends, and encamped that night at Owneboy near Kinsale. By the 24th he marched here to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels. From here he pressed on westward: Rosscarbery on the 25th, over the Leap to Castlehaven on the 26th, Baltimore on the 27th, then toward Dunboy. The army was heading for the strongholds of the O'Driscolls on Beara.

12. Danish fleet burns Cork harbour

    Cork · city · Cork · 1013

    A large Danish fleet sailed into Cork harbour in 1013 and burned the city, although the inhabitants later avenged the outrage.

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    Danes being at war with the Irish, burned and plundered Cork, which was also wasted by them in the years 978 and 995. A.D. 1012.— The Danes wasted the country in this year also, and in the following year, a large Danish fleet sailed into the harbour, and burned the city. Its inhabitants, however, avenged the outrage. A.D. 1089.— The Danes of Dublin, Waterford, and Wicklow, united their forces to attack Cork, but they were overthrown in battle by the Irish of Oneachach, a part of South Carbery."

    In 1172, two years after the arrival of Strongbow, we-find Cork, which was then styled " the Great City of Minister," and the adjacent country, (t quietly possessed ly the Danes or Ostmen."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was burned and plundered by the Danes more than once. They wasted it in 978 and again in 995, and they wasted the country in 1012. Then in 1013 a large Danish fleet sailed into the harbour here and burned the city. The inhabitants avenged the outrage, though the record does not say how. Later, in 1089, the Danes of Dublin, Waterford, and Wicklow joined forces to attack Cork, but the Irish of Oneachach, in South Carbery, overthrew them in battle. By 1172, two years after Strongbow's arrival, Cork was called the Great City of Munster, and the Danes or Ostmen quietly possessed it and the surrounding country.

13. Death of the Bishop of Cork and suit for the see

    Cork · city · Cork · 1520

    In a letter written at Dublin in August 1520, the Earl of Surrey informed Cardinal Wolsey that the Bishop of Cork had died, and reported that great suit was made for the position. Surrey advised that the bishopric, worth about 200 marks per year, should be bestowed on an Englishman willing to reside there.

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    " Also plesith it Your Grace to understonde, the Busshop off Cork is ded ; and grete sute is made to me to wright for men off this centre; some say it is worth 200 markes by y ere, some say more. My poure advyse shuld be that it shuld be bestowed upon sum Inglish man. The Busshop Leyghlyn, your servaunte, havyng bothe, methynk rnyght do gode service here. I besech Your Grace let none of this contre have it, nor none other, but such as woll dwell thereupon, and such as dare, and woll speke, and roffle, when nede shalbe. Yours most bownden,

    T. SURREY."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1520. The Bishop of Cork had died, and the Earl of Surrey wrote from Dublin to Cardinal Wolsey with the news. Great suit was being made to Surrey to write for men of this country for the position. Some said the bishopric was worth 200 marks a year, some said more. Surrey's advice was plain: bestow it on an Englishman. He named Bishop Leyghlyn, Wolsey's servant, who already held two livings and might do good service there. Surrey begged Wolsey let none of that country have it, nor any other, but only such as would dwell upon it and dare speak when need shall be.

14. Dominick Collins hanged at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1602

    Dominick Collins, a friar described as showing no penitence and refusing to disclose rebels' intentions, was hanged at Youghal, the town where he was born. He would not merit his life by doing service to the state.

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    Dominick Collins, the friar, "in whom no penitence appeared," and who would not " merit his life either by discovering the rebels' intention or by doing some service that might deserve favour," was hanged at Youghal, the town where he was born. James Archer, the Jesuit, and Conor O'Driscoll, the son of Sir Pineen O'Driscoll, escaped to Spain; O'Sullivan Beare and Captain Tirrell into Kerry.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 183

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, in Cork, is where Dominick Collins, a friar, was hanged in 1602, the town where he was born. He showed no penitence and would not merit his life by discovering the rebels' intentions or by doing service that might deserve favour. James Archer, the Jesuit, and Conor O'Driscoll, son of Sir Pineen O'Driscoll, escaped to Spain. O'Sullivan Beare and Captain Tyrrell fled into Kerry.

15. Lord Deputy ordered to survey Cork coast for fortification

    Cork · city · Cork · 1551

    In early 1551 the Lord Deputy was instructed to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare and report which points of the south-western coast required fortification. He remonstrated, saying he could not fortify Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint, and that the thousand soldiers and 120 pioneers who arrived had no money to pay them.

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    The Lord Deputy was instructed, in the early part of 1551, to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare, and to report what points of the south-western coast required to be fortified; he was also advised that ships had been sent to Waterford with arms and munition. He remonstrated, and expressed his inability of fortifying either Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint. He informs the Privy Council that he has the sons of the Earls of Desmond and Thomond ready to send into England. He acknowledges the arrival of a thousand soldiers and a hundred and twenty pioDeers, but has no money to pay them.

    St. Leger retired from the Deputyship in the May of 1551, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. Mr. St. Leger, the son, gets the office of Andrew Brereton, who has, as he states, " honestly served." The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess, his wife, repair to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords are being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, who has lost office, calls Tyrone a traitor, and says he wrote to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. Mac Carthy More submits; an oath of fealty is preparing for his people.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Cork, this is a city whose defences were questioned in 1551. That year, the Lord Deputy was instructed to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare, and report which points of the south-western coast required fortification. He was told ships had been sent to Waterford with arms and munition. He remonstrated. He told the Privy Council he could not fortify either Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint. A thousand soldiers and 120 pioneers had arrived, but he had no money to pay them. He added that the sons of the Earls of Desmond and Thomond were ready to be sent into England. St. Leger retired from the Deputyship in May 1551, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. St. Leger's son took the office of Andrew Brereton, who had, as he stated, 'honestly served.' The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard, and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess his wife, came to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords were being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, having lost office, called Tyrone a traitor and said he had written to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. MacCarthy More submitted, and an oath of fealty was being prepared for his people.

16. MacCarthy Reagh submits at Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1539–1540

    The Lord Deputy rested at Kinsale for one night before returning to Cork, leaving Ormond to await MacCarthy Reagh. Ormond found much cattle in MacCarthy's country, restored it, and thereby persuaded him to come to the Deputy and submit his brother and hostages.

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    At Kinsale, the Deputy and Ormond parted for a while. " My Lord Deputy resting at Kinsale but one night, returned to Cork, leaving me for the coming of Mac Carthy Eeagh, in whose country I found much cattle, which I restored to him ; by reason whereof, and other fair means, I so allured and persuaded him, that he came with me to the Lord Deputie, and put in his brother and his hostages." Leaving Cork, the Deputy and Ormond repaired to O'Callaghan's country, intending to cross the river Awnmore, or Blackwater, when lo ! and behold, upon the other side, stands, in all the panoply of war, the wily and enraged James Fitz-John of Desmond, driven like a lion to its last cover. He had " no manor of towardnes, or any good conformytie." His deportmentwas threatening, so much

    154 HISTORY OF COEff.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 73

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Kinsale in Cork, this is where the Lord Deputy and Ormond parted company in 1539. The Deputy rested here for one night, then returned to Cork, leaving Ormond to wait for MacCarthy Reagh. Ormond found much cattle in MacCarthy's country and restored it to him. By that act and other fair means, as the source says, he so allured and persuaded MacCarthy Reagh that he came with him to the Lord Deputy and put in his brother and his hostages.

17. O'Brien of Thomond's attempted conquest of Munster, 1381

    Cork · city · Cork · 1381

    O'Brien of Thomond marched with an excessive force attempting a general conquest across the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The Justice was unable to remain in Munster, and Gerald, Earl of Desmond, was sent toward Limerick to assuage the conflict, receiving 200 marks for a quarter's salary.

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    "A.D. 1381. — O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest in the counties of Limerick, Keriy and Cork; in consequence of which, and the Justice's being unable to remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king, it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick < to assuage their malice ; ' and 200 marks were directed to be paid him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell."

    " A.D. 1386.— The king appointed Gerald, Earl of Desmond, and Robert Thame, Sheriffs of the county, deputies of Philip Courtenay, the Lord Lieutenant, for the defence of Munster."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city was caught up in turmoil in 1381. O'Brien of Thomond marched with an excessive force, attempting a general conquest across the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The Justice could not remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king. So it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go toward Limerick to assuage their malice. Two hundred marks were directed to be paid to him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell. Five years later, in 1386, the king appointed Gerald, Earl of Desmond, and Robert Thame as Sheriffs of the county, deputies of Philip Courtenay, the Lord Lieutenant, for the defence of Munster.

18. Rebels destroy Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick

    Kilmallock was destroyed by rebels, an event cited by the townsmen of Kinsale as evidence of the threat facing their own town. The destruction underscored the urgency of securing military assistance from the Earl of Desmond.

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    We conclude that St. Leger was their jailor, and that he did not like his office, for he asks permission to go to Ireland to recover his losses. Writing to the privy council two months after this, he complains that the Earl of Desmond refuses to go down to Leeds castle, in Kent, with him, and that, in his absence, he has rashly ranged abroad in sundry parts of London. The poor fellow was happy to shake a loose leg, without the presence of a keeper, though it was a lame one. St. Leger requests either to be relieved of the charge, or to have command to keep him prisoner, without liberty. This sounds harsh from St. Leger. " Maurice Koche, mayor, and his brethren of Cork," petition the queen, for the Earl of Desmond and his brother to be enlarged. " Michael Roche, soveraigne, and his brethren of Kinsale," memorial the privy council to send over the Earl of Desmond, and Sir John, to assist the president in repressing the rebels, who seek to destroy their

    15

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 97

    As the companion tells it

    Kilmallock is a town the road passes through or near. The rebels destroyed it. The townsmen of Kinsale cited that destruction when they memorialised the privy council, asking them to send over the Earl of Desmond and Sir John to assist the president in repressing the rebels, who sought to destroy their town as they had destroyed Kilmallock. Michael Roche, the sovereign of Kinsale, and his brethren made this appeal. Before this, St. Leger had been the Earl of Desmond's jailor. He wrote to the privy council complaining that Desmond refused to go to Leeds Castle in Kent with him, and that in his absence he had rashly ranged abroad in sundry parts of London. St. Leger asked either to be relieved of the charge or to have command to keep him prisoner without liberty. Maurice Koche, mayor of Cork, and his brethren petitioned the queen for Desmond and his brother to be enlarged.

19. Seizure of Mac Egan's papers in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    Upon returning to Cork, the president sent messengers to seize Owen Mac Egan's papers, which fell to Stafford's share. They consisted mostly of books of school divinity and a bull of Pope Clement VIII dated 1595 from Rome.

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    This most inexorable president, upon his return to Cork, employed messengers to seize Mac Egan's papers, which Stafford says, "fell to my share." They consisted for the most part, of books of school divinity and a bull of Pope Clement YIIL, " DaV Romce, apud Sanctum Petrum anno Incarnationis Domini 1595." Mac Egan must have been invested with the authority described in the bull for seven years before his death.

    Stafford paints the character of this bishop in the darkest colors : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city holds a story from the time of a president called most inexorable. Upon his return to Cork, he sent messengers to seize Owen Mac Egan's papers. Stafford says they "fell to my share." They were mostly books of school divinity, and a bull of Pope Clement VIII, dated 1595, from Rome. Mac Egan must have held the authority described in that bull for seven years before his death. Stafford paints this bishop's character in the darkest colors.

20. Sylvanus Spencer marries into Nagle family of Monanimy

    Monanimy · parish · Cork

    Sylvanus Spencer married the eldest daughter of David Nagle of Monanimy in the barony of Fermoy. Edmund Burke's mother was a Nagle, grand-niece of Sylvanus's wife, and Burke passed part of his childhood in the parish of Monanimy.

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    Sylvanus Spenser married the eldest daughter of David Nagle,* of Monanimy, in the barony of Fermoy, and county of Cork, by his wife Ellen Eoche, daughter of William Koche, of Ballyhowly. Sylvanus died in 1638.

    Lawrence Spenser, of Bandon, was the poet's second son. He died somewhere about 1654. He is not known to have married, or to have left descendants.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Monanimy is tied to the Nagle family. Sylvanus Spenser married the eldest daughter of David Nagle of Monanimy, in the barony of Fermoy. Her mother was Ellen Roche, daughter of William Roche of Ballyhowly. Sylvanus died in 1638. Edmund Burke's mother was a Nagle, grand-niece of Sylvanus's wife, and Burke spent part of his childhood in this parish.

21. Barioge, captain of Kinalea

    Kinalea · barony · Cork

    Lord Burleigh described 'Barioge' as a poor, beggarly captain of a territory between Cork and Kinsale called Kynoley (Kinalea). His simplicity rendered a proper country of little account.

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    few years after this, gives a very different account of these Irish lords and captains: — u Sir Cormac Mac Tiege, whoe was of late honorablie used of the queue's highnes in England, hath quite forgotten the same ; Sir Owen M'Cartie, beinge a simple man, is so addicted to one sept of the Mac Swyns as he is to be directed by them as they list ; Omahound, his follower, match of his imperfections, a man of small force, although a proper countrie ; Barioge, a poor beggarlie captaine of a countrie betweene Cowrk and Kinsale, called Kynoley, whose simplicitie is such as hee maketh of a propper sort of a countrie nothinge to bee accompted on ; Mac Donough, his countrie so nere the rebells as I feare he is infected with their treasons ; O'Kieff, if there were want of theves in this province, he might be aptly termed a theef."

    If there be any truth in the following lines, translated or paraphrased from the Irish of Aenghus O'Daly, there is some palliation for O'Keeffe's thieving propensities : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 105

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Kinalea, between Cork and Kinsale, you are in a country once held by a captain called Barioge. Lord Burleigh described him as a poor, beggarly captain. His simplicity was such, in Burleigh's words, that he made of a proper sort of a country nothing to be accounted on. Burleigh gave this account of several Irish lords and captains together. He said Sir Cormac Mac Tiege, who had been honourably used by the Queen's Highness in England, had quite forgotten the same. Sir Owen MacCartie, being a simple man, was so addicted to one sept of the MacSwyns that he was directed by them as they listed. Omahound was his follower, a match of his imperfections, a man of small force, though a proper country. MacDonough's country was so near the rebels that Burleigh feared he was infected with their treasons. O'Kieff, Burleigh said, if there were want of thieves in this province, he might be aptly termed a thief.

22. Cape Clear plundered by Danes

    Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork · 837

    In 837, the county was harassed by the Danes, who plundered and burned Inis Dambly, known as Cape Clear, as well as the city of Cork.

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    But the Irish hated the Danes (who had taken possession of all their best ports) with a most sincere hatred. They were old enemies. " A.D. 820.— The city of Cork, and the adjacent country, were ransacked by a Danish fleet. A.D. 833. — The city was devastated by the Danes. A.D. 837. — This county was miserably harrassed by the Danes. Among other devastations, Inis Dambly, [Cape Clear] and Cork were plundered and burned "

    "A.D. 913. — Cork was this year burned and plundered by the Danes, who, in the year 915, also laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year they were defeated by the Munster men, in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes, on their side, vanquished the Irish. A.D. 918. — The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, [Scotland,] where they committed great ravages. A.D. 960. — The

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    The Irish hated the Danes, who had taken possession of all their best ports. They were old enemies. In 820 a Danish fleet ransacked the city of Cork and the adjacent country. In 833 the Danes devastated the city again. In 837 this county was miserably harassed by the Danes. Among other devastations, they plundered and burned Inis Dambly, known as Cape Clear, and the city of Cork. The attacks did not end there. In 913 Cork was burned and plundered by the Danes again. In 915 they laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year the Munster men defeated the Danes in a pitched battle, but in Leinster the Danes vanquished the Irish. In 918 the Danes of Munster, then in peaceable possession of the province, joined countrymen from Scandinavia and sailed to Scotland, where they committed great ravages.

23. Carew's instructions to Earl of Thomond for Bear campaign

    near Dunboy · street · Cork · 1602

    Lord President Carew instructed the Earl of Thomond to prepare provisions and munitions, take a view of Dunboy Castle if possible, and capture Donnell O'Sullivan Beare. He also directed support for Owen O'Sullivan, who claimed Dunboy Castle, and urged harassment of the O'Crowleys.

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    The Lord President despatched the Earl of Thomond before him, to prepare provisions and munitions of war. In his instructions, dated the 9th of March, 1602, he says, — " When you are in Beare, if you may, without any apparent peril, take a view of the Castel of Dunboy." He directs him to leave no means unessayed to get Donnell O'Sullivan Beare into his hands. He had given him some private instructions on this subject : — " Give all the comfort you may to Owen O'Sullivan." Owen O'Sullivan laid claim to the Castle of Dunboy. " Have special care to prosecute and plague the O'Crowleys, who have assisted Dermot Moyle Mac Carthy. Sir Owen Mac Carthy's sons, if they be well handed, will prove the best instruments of doing so, as he stands between them and the lord of the country." How unlike a gallant soldier all this. What a developement it affords of the divide and conquer principle. Even the Deputy Mountjoy, who was a brave soldier, says, writing to the English council, — " As for Fineen O'Driscoll, 0' Donovan, and the two sons of Sir Owen Mac Cartie, they and their fellows, since their coming in, are grown very odious to the rebels in these parts, and are so well divided in factions amongst themselves, as they are fallen to preying and killing one another ', which we conceive will much avail to the quieting of these parts" Stafford says, — "It was thought no ill policie to make the Irish draw bloud one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might advance the publike service."

    Thomond did his best to follow his instructions, but was not able " to take a view of the Castle of Dunboy." He was stopped at the Ceim an Ghabhair,* or the Goat's

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 177

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Dunboy, in 1602, the Lord President Carew sent the Earl of Thomond ahead to prepare provisions and munitions of war. His instructions were dated the 9th of March, 1602. He told Thomond that when in Beare, if he could without apparent peril, he should take a view of the Castle of Dunboy. He directed him to leave no means unessayed to get Donnell O'Sullivan Beare into his hands, and he had given him private instructions on that subject. He also told him to give all the comfort he could to Owen O'Sullivan, who laid claim to the Castle of Dunboy. Carew ordered him to have special care to prosecute and plague the O'Crowleys, who had assisted Dermot Moyle MacCarthy. He suggested that Sir Owen MacCarthy's sons, if well handled, would prove the best instruments for doing so, as he stood between them and the lord of the country. The Deputy Mountjoy, writing to the English council, said that Fineen O'Driscoll, O'Donovan, and the two sons of Sir Owen MacCartie had grown very odious to the rebels and were so divided in factions among themselves that they had fallen to preying and killing one another, which he conceived would much avail to the quieting of those parts. Stafford said it was thought no ill policy to make the Irish draw blood one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might advance the public service. Thomond did his best to follow his instructions, but he was not able to take a view of the Castle of Dunboy. He was stopped at the Ceim an Ghabhair, the Goat's Step.

24. Countess of Thomond buried at Ennis monastery

    Ennis · town · Clare · 1583

    The Countess of Thomond, Eveleen Roche, was interred in the monastery of Ennis following her death at Clonroad in the summer of 1583. The monastery served as a burial site for Gaelic nobility.

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    " A.D. 1583. The Countess Roche [recte Countess of Thomond]* namely, Eveleen, the daughter of Maurice, son of David Koche, and wife of the Earl of Thomond (Donough, the son of Conor O'Brien) died in the summer of this year at Clonroad, and was buried in the monastery of Ennis."

    The death of Sir Cormac Mac Teige, of whom Sir Henry Sydney said " for his loyalty and civil disposition, he was the rarest man that ever was born of the Irishry," is thus recorded: " Cormac, son of Teige, son of Cormac Oge Mac Carthy, lord of Muskerry, a comelyshaped, bright-countenanced man, who possessed most white-washed edifices, fine built castles and hereditary seats of any of the descendants of Eoghan More."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    Ennis was a burial place for Gaelic nobility, and in the summer of 1583 the monastery here received the Countess of Thomond. Her name was Eveleen Roche, the daughter of Maurice, son of David Roche, and wife of the Earl of Thomond, Donough, the son of Conor O'Brien. She died at Clonroad that summer and was brought to the monastery of Ennis to be buried. The monastery held the dead of families like hers, families whose names still sit in the ground of this town.

25. First Earl of Desmond buried at Dominican Abbey, Tralee

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1355

    The first Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald, died in Dublin Castle on 25 January 1355 while serving as Lord Justice of Ireland for life. He was initially buried in the church of the Black Friars and subsequently removed to the Dominican Abbey in Tralee.

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    He was, after this, made Lord Justice of Ireland for life. He died in Dublin Castle, the 25th of January, 1355, and was buried in the church of the Black Friars, and thence removed to the Dominican Abbey in Tralee. He married Margaret, daughter of Eichard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster.

    Maurice Oge, the eldest son of the first earl, succeeded his father, but he enjoyed the property and the title but three years, during which he seems to have waged fierce war with the De Burgos and Poers. Lord Arnold Poer had called his father a rhymer, Perhaps the old earl made but indifferent verses ; but the son could not brook the taunt, so to war they went. He is supposed to have died at Castlemaine in 1358.*

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 23

    As the companion tells it

    In Tralee, in Kerry, the Dominican Abbey holds the first Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald. He was made Lord Justice of Ireland for life and died in Dublin Castle on the 25th of January 1355. He was first buried in the church of the Black Friars, then removed to the abbey. He married Margaret, daughter of Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster. His eldest son, Maurice Oge, succeeded him but held the property and title only three years, waging fierce war with the De Burgos and Poers. Lord Arnold Poer had called his father a rhymer. The son could not brook the taunt, so to war they went. Maurice Oge is supposed to have died at Castlemaine in 1358.

26. James I charter creates county of the city of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1608

    By the charter of the 6th of James I, the city of Cork and surrounding district marked out by commissioners became a distinct county called the county of the city of Cork. This charter also released the corporation from the impost of twenty pounds of wax.

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    The charter of 6th of James I. released the corporation from the impost of twenty pounds of wax. By this charter, the city and surrounding district, marked out by commissioners, became a distinct county, called the county of the city of Cork, over which the power of the justices of the peace for the city extended.

    » Remarkable Cap.— Waterford also had its remarkable cap. " And now at this time, as a remembrance and evident token of our favours, we have sent you by the bearer, a Cap of Maintenance, to be borne at all times thought fit for you, and necessary before you, our mayor, being our officer, of that our said citie, and our successors, officers of the same." — Hi/land's Waterford, p. 40.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Cork became its own county in 1608, by the charter of the 6th of James I. The charter took the city and the surrounding district, marked out by commissioners, and made them a distinct county, called the county of the city of Cork. The power of the justices of the peace for the city extended over it. The same charter released the corporation from an old burden, the impost of twenty pounds of wax. A note in the source adds that Waterford had its own mark of royal favour, a Cap of Maintenance, sent to be borne before the mayor as the king's officer. That belonged to Waterford, not to Cork, but it sits in the record beside the Cork charter.

27. James of Desmond pledges to defend the king's cities

    Cork · city · Cork · 1537

    James Fitz-John, the Pretended Earl of Desmond, submitted articles promising to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. This reflected Henry VIII's desire to promote trade and commerce in Ireland.

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    James promises, in the first place, to be a most obedient subject, to assist in maintaining the authority of the king's judges and other law officers ; to levy all taxes and benevolences granted to the king's highness ; not to ally himself with or support the king's enemies ; to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. If he should get a lease of Groom and Adare, and lands in the county of Limerick, belonging to the Earl of Kildare, he will pay the rents. Finally, although he repudiates the claims of that bastard, James Fitzmaurice, who is a traditor of high treason against the king's majesty, he is content to leave the decision of his right of title to the king.

    Crumwell acknowledges receipt of the earl's articles, and directs St. Leger to proceed with him; and "as he alegyth bothe bastardy and trayson against Jamys Fitz-Morys, it is the king's pleasure that he shall article the points of said treason, and write the evidence of the basdardy, declaring himself frankly."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 66

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, 1537. James Fitz-John, called the Pretended Earl of Desmond, put his name to a set of articles promising to be a most obedient subject. He pledged to assist in maintaining the authority of the king's judges and other law officers, to levy all taxes and benevolences granted to the king's highness, and not to ally himself with or support the king's enemies. He promised to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. If he should get a lease of Groom and Adare, and lands in the county of Limerick belonging to the Earl of Kildare, he will pay the rents. He repudiated the claims of James Fitzmaurice, whom he called a traitor of high treason against the king's majesty, but he was content to leave the decision of his right of title to the king. Cromwell acknowledged receipt of the earl's articles and directed St. Leger to proceed with him. As he alleged both bastardy and treason against James Fitzmaurice, it was the king's pleasure that he should article the points of said treason, and write the evidence of the bastardy, declaring himself frankly.

28. O'Sullivan Beare retreats from Dunboy into Beara wilds

    near Dunboy · street · Cork · 1602

    After being deprived of Dunboy Castle, O'Sullivan Beare withdrew with his cattle, herds, people and moveables into the rugged hills and wilds of his country, pursued by the Earl of Thomond's army.

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    "O'Sullivan, after having been deprived of this castle [Dunboy], went with his cows, herds, and people, and all his moveables, behind his ruggedtopped hills, into the wilds and recesses of his country. The Earl [of Thomond] and his army, and O'Sullivan and his forces, continued shooting and attacking each other until the Christmas time. The two armies were

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 188

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Dunboy, in 1602, O'Sullivan Beare lost his castle and pulled back with his cows, herds, people and all he could carry into the rugged hills and wilds of his country. The Earl of Thomond and his army came after him, and the two sides kept shooting and attacking each other right through to Christmas.

29. Pelham requests fleet for the coast of Kerry

    Kerry · county · Kerry · 1580

    Sir William Pelham writes to England requesting an admiral with a fleet of ordnance and provisions to sail round to the coast of Kerry to open his campaign against the Earl of Desmond.

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    Sir William Pelham now opens a fearful campaign against the Earl of Desmond, and all his kith and kin. He writes to England, requesting that an admiral, with a fleet containing ordnance and provisions, should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice- Admiral Winter is despatched to cruise about a coast upon which a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly apprehended. Sir William commences his muster, and enrols beneath his standard " all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters." The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy- Connello. It was " cold spring." Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore and the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, who shewed mercy to none, " It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind* and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions." In some instances, the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.

    The Lord Justice and the Earl of Ormond marched

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 114

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Kerry, this is the coast Sir William Pelham had in mind in 1580, when he opened his campaign against the Earl of Desmond and all his kith and kin. He wrote to England requesting that an admiral, with a fleet containing ordnance and provisions, should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice-Admiral Winter was dispatched to cruise about a coast upon which a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly apprehended. Pelham commenced his muster, enrolling beneath his standard all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters. The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy-Connello. It was cold spring. Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore and the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, who showed mercy to none. It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions. In some instances the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.

30. Philip de Broase received at Cork, 1179

    Cork · city · Cork · 1179

    Philip de Broase, granted the kingdom of Limerick by King John, arrived in Cork in 1179. He was received there by Richard de Londres, deputy under Fitz-aldoline, and met De Cogan and Fitzstephen.

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    Philip dc Broase, to whom king John had granted the kingdom of Limerick, came to Cork in 1179, and was kindly received by Eichard de Londres, an English gentleman, who was deputy there under Fitzaldoline. Here ho met De Cogan and Fitzstephen. The next year, 1180, we read of the death of Meredith, or Amere, Fitzstephen's eldest son, "a lusty young gentleman, and a towardlie." His death wns cause of great grief to his father and friends.

    Two years after this, 1182, we find Mac Carthy renouncing his allegiance to the English government, and marching upon Cork, which fills Fitzstephen with consternation and despair. Eaymond Le Gros, who is in Waterford. marches to his relief, and obliges Mac Carthy to raise the seige.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 12

    As the companion tells it

    In 1179, Philip de Broase came to Cork. King John had granted him the kingdom of Limerick, and he was kindly received by Richard de Londres, an English gentleman serving as deputy under Fitz-aldoline. Here he met De Cogan and Fitzstephen. The next year, 1180, Fitzstephen's eldest son Meredith died. He was called, in the words of the source, "a lusty young gentleman, and a towardlie," and his death brought great grief to his father and friends. Two years after that, 1182, Mac Carthy renounced his allegiance to the English government and marched upon the city. Fitzstephen was filled with consternation and despair. Raymond Le Gros, who was in Waterford, marched to his relief and obliged Mac Carthy to raise the siege.

31. Sir John of Desmond's body hung in chains at Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    After Sir John of Desmond was killed, his body was carried to Cork, cut in quarters, and his head sent to Dublin. His body was hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years until a stormy night blew it into the river and out to sea.

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    * His head sent to Dublin. — His body hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years, and one stormy night was blown into the river, and carrie d to the sea.— Vide O'Daly, o. 23. (TSuliivan Bcare Hitt. CatM. Iber.fol. 99.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city holds a grim piece of Sir John of Desmond's story. After he was killed, his body was cut in quarters. His head was sent to Dublin. His body hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years. One stormy night it was blown into the river and carried to the sea.

32. Sir Warham St. Leger killed near Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork, illustrating the danger of travelling even short distances beyond the city walls. This occurred approximately 140 years after an earlier charter period referenced in the text.

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    time a=? they should be able to travel peaceably one mile beyond them. This looked like granting cocket, or foregoing customs, in secula seculorum. It was a hundred and forty years after this that Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork,

    We learn from a curious letter written by u John Deythyke, Prest," that Dublin, in 1533, was even worse than Cork at this time : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is a sobering detail from its history. An old record spoke of a time when travellers should be able to go peaceably one mile beyond the city walls. It was 140 years after that time that Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork.

33. Spanish fortification of Castlehaven and Bearehaven

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1601

    In negotiations, Don Juan reminded the viceroy that he would gain Castlehaven, Bearehaven, and other places, which had been improved by Spanish art and industry and provided with victuals, munition, and good artillery furnished by Spain.

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    After these heroics, the Don descends from his high horse, and reminds the viceroy that he gets Castlehaven, Bearehaven, and other places, " bettered by his art and industry, and provided with victuals, munition, and good artillery, all furnished by Spain." He thinks the deputy would get these things cheap, though he paid two hundred thousand ducats for them.

    So thought the deputy, he therefore resolved, without further parley, to accept the conditions. The following is a copy of the article of composition : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 168

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1601, Don Juan was negotiating with the viceroy. He reminded him that he would gain Castlehaven, Bearehaven, and other places,

34. St. Leger reports mint's bullion shortage from Cork, 1551

    Cork · city · Cork · 1551

    Sir Anthony St. Leger wrote from Cork on 20 May 1551 that the Master of the Mint lacked bullion to meet ordinary charges. Although ore had been drawn from local mines that would make good bullion, the authorities were not authorized to put it into use.

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    The coin of Ireland, at this time, was not of equal weight, or of as pure a metal, as that in circulation in England. The Irish coinage had to be closely watched by the Lord Treasurer, or there would have been the most flagrant adulteration. Sir Anthony St. Leger, writing to Sir James Croft, from Cork, May 20, 1551, says, " the Master of the Mint is so destitute of bullion, that he hath not where with all to furnish his ordinary charges. Although there be here presently [present] an honest substance of ore drawen in the mines, which we think would make a good masse of bullyon, yet, for as much as we are not authorized, we forbear to put it in use." Bellingham was greatly annoyed that he should not be privy to the king's treasure in the mint. He neither bought " houses, lands, fee or office, dised or carded, or riotously or laciviously spent the king's treasures."

    We meet, a few years after this, with a " common supplication from the Lords Deputy and Council, with the rest of the nobility, gentlemen, and merchants, and divers others of the king's subjects, to the Privy Council," which attribute the universal dearth of all things in Ireland to the money, as the ^furste and pryncipall cawse, withoute remedye whereof it is thought ympossible to set a staye." They pray that the monies in Ireland may be of the like valuation, weight, and fineness, as in England. No English or foreign merchant could be expected to bring his wares to a port or market notorious for light or bad money.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 81

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, in 1551, the Irish coin was not of equal weight or as pure a metal as the coin in England. The Irish coinage had to be closely watched by the Lord Treasurer, or there would have been the most flagrant adulteration. Sir Anthony St. Leger wrote to Sir James Croft from Cork on the 20th of May, 1551. He said the Master of the Mint was so destitute of bullion that he had not enough to furnish his ordinary charges. There was ore drawn from the mines present, which they thought would make a good mass of bullion. But, as St. Leger put it, "for as much as we are not authorized, we forbear to put it in use." Bellingham was greatly annoyed that he was not privy to the king's treasure in the mint. He had not bought houses, lands, fee, or office, nor had he, in the record's words, "dised or carded, or riotously or laciviously spent the king's treasures." A few years later, a common supplication went from the Lords Deputy and Council, with the nobility, gentlemen, merchants, and others of the king's subjects, to the Privy Council. They blamed the universal dearth of all things in Ireland on the money, calling it "the furste and pryncipall cawse." Without remedy, they said, it was thought impossible to set a stay. They prayed that the money in Ireland might be of the like valuation, weight, and fineness as in England. No English or foreign merchant, they said, could be expected to bring his wares to a port or market notorious for light or bad money.

35. Troops land on Bere Island for siege of Dunboy

    near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1602

    On 1 June 1602, the Earl of Ormond and Sir Charles Wilmot were instructed to land their regiments on Bere Island. The Lord President and Sir Richard Percy followed the next day to prepare for the siege of Dunboy Castle.

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    The letter to the Spanish cannoniers produced no effect, but the Lord President, nothing discouraged, will try again. On the first of June, the Earl of Ormond and Sir Charles Wilmot are instructed to land with their regiments on Beare Island ; the president and Sir Eichard Percy follow on the second. Here occurs a private meeting between Kichard Mac Geoghegan, the constable of Dunboy, and Thomond, who tries to tempt him to betray his trust. In the map of the siege of Dunboy, we have a sketch of the two figures. The incorruptible Mac Geoghegan appears1 to be moving off with a flag of truce, and — the back of my hand to you, Thomond — while Thomond follows in a somewhat threatening attitude. " Whether Mac Geoghegan did intreat the earle that he might have a safe-conduct to speake with him, I am uncertaine,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 179

    As the companion tells it

    Bear Island, off the coast of Cork. In June 1602, this was the staging ground for the siege of Dunboy Castle. On the first of June, the Earl of Ormond and Sir Charles Wilmot were instructed to land with their regiments here on the island. The Lord President and Sir Richard Percy followed on the second. What happened next was a private meeting between Richard Mac Geoghegan, the constable of Dunboy, and Thomond, who tried to tempt him to betray his trust. A map of the siege of Dunboy sketches the two figures. Mac Geoghegan appears to be moving off with a flag of truce, while Thomond follows in a somewhat threatening attitude. The record itself is unsure of the detail, saying of Mac Geoghegan, whether he did intreat the earle that he might have a safe-conduct to speake with him, I am uncertaine.

36. Warbeck's fleet at Passage East

    Passage East · townland · Waterford · 1497

    During the 1497 siege of Waterford, a fleet of eleven ships arrived at Passage to engage the city from the river. Troops were landed to proceed toward Lumbard's Marsh.

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    u An opportunity was now afforded them to prove the sincerity of their professions, and the extent of their devotion, for immediately on his landing, the whole strength of the rebel force was directed against Waterford, Perkin Warbeck, and Maurice, Earl of Desmond, with an army of 2,400 men, advanced to the city, and on the 23rd of July prepared to invest it. This force was intended to assault the western division, while a fleet of eleven ships, which arrived at Passage, was ordered to engage from the river ; there was also a body of troops landed from the fleet, who were to proceed in the direction of Lumbard's Marsh, and co-operate with the land forces.

    " To prevent the junction of these two divisions, the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in July 1497, a fleet of eleven ships arrived at Passage. Perkin Warbeck and Maurice, Earl of Desmond, had landed with an army of 2,400 men and on the 23rd of July prepared to invest Waterford. That army was meant to assault the western division of the city. The fleet at Passage was ordered to engage from the river. A body of troops was landed from the ships to proceed in the direction of Lumbard's Marsh and co-operate with the land forces. The defenders of Waterford moved to prevent the junction of these two divisions.

37. Croft recommends fortifying Cork, Kinsale and Baltimore

    Cork · city · Cork · 1551–1553

    The new Lord Deputy Sir Thomas Croft wrote to the Earl of Warwick regarding the fortification of Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore, and urged punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and 140 laborers who were without money to support themselves.

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    The new Lord Deputy, Sir Thomas Croft, writes to Duddeley, Earl of Warwick, respecting the fortification of Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore, and recommends the punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and hundred and forty laborers, who are " without money to find them," — support themselves.

    The Earl of Desmond is made Treasurer, "with such pre-eminences and dignities as may stand with the surety of the state." There was a necessity for this saving clause, for at this very time the Lord Deputy had to call Gerald, the earl's son, and Maurice, the earl's brother, before him, "for preys they had taken from the O'Mahons;" and the old earl himself had a dispute with Lord Fitzmaurice, respecting the "liberties" of Kerry. He offers to entertain at his own cost,* the Chief Justice Luttrell, P. Barnewall, Master of the Eolls, or any other judges who can speak the language, that the case may be fully and fairly tried. The earl also lays claim to the manor of Dungarvan, which was wrested from him by the Earl of Ormond ; he supplicates the Privy Council, and gets Sir Thomas Cusake, the new Lord Chancellor, to " recommend his suit." This was nothing uncommon in these days.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 84

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork now. Between 1551 and 1553, the new Lord Deputy, Sir Thomas Croft, wrote to Duddeley, Earl of Warwick, about fortifying Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore. He urged punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and 140 laborers, who were, in his words, "without money to find them" — to support themselves. The Earl of Desmond was made Treasurer, with "such pre-eminences and dignities as may stand with the surety of the state." That saving clause was necessary, for at this very time the Lord Deputy had to call Gerald, the earl's son, and Maurice, the earl's brother, before him, for preys they had taken from the O'Mahons. The old earl himself had a dispute with Lord Fitzmaurice over the "liberties" of Kerry. He offered to entertain at his own cost the Chief Justice Luttrell, P. Barnewall, Master of the Rolls, or any other judges who could speak the language, so the case might be fully and fairly tried. The earl also laid claim to the manor of Dungarvan, wrested from him by the Earl of Ormond. He supplicated the Privy Council and got Sir Thomas Cusake, the new Lord Chancellor, to "recommend his suit." This was nothing uncommon in those days.

38. English driven from Cork, city threatened with fire

    Cork · city · Cork

    Murtough united his forces with O'Conor of Connaught to aid MacCarthy in driving the English out of Cork. The English attempted to fire the city but were not permitted to do so before being expelled.

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    Diarmaid Mac Carthy was succeeded by his son Donnell, who slew his own brother, Cathal Odhor. He then turned his sword against Donnell More O'Brien, who had aided the English in the erection of castles, "for the purpose of distressing the Mac Carthy." This Donnell O'Brien is styled in the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, " a beaming lamp in peace and war, and a brilliant star of the hospitality and valor of the Momonians." He was succeeded by Murtough, who commenced his reign by uniting his forces with those of 0' Conor of Connaught, in aiding Mac Carthy to drive the English out of Cork, without permitting them to fire the city, which they attempted, Mac Carthy at this time destroyed the castle of Kilfeakle, and slew many of the English, taking two of their chiefs prisoners. He also plundered the territory

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 12

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was once the prize in a struggle between Irish dynasties and the English. Diarmaid MacCarthy was succeeded by his son Donnell, who slew his own brother, Cathal Odhor. Donnell then turned his sword against Donnell More O'Brien, who had aided the English in building castles, in the words of the source, for the purpose of distressing the MacCarthy. The Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen calls that Donnell O'Brien a beaming lamp in peace and war, and a brilliant star of the hospitality and valor of the Momonians. He was succeeded by Murtough, who began his reign by uniting his forces with O'Conor of Connaught to aid MacCarthy in driving the English out of Cork. The English attempted to fire the city, but were not permitted to do so before they were expelled. MacCarthy destroyed the castle of Kilfeakle, slew many of the English, and took two of their chiefs prisoner.

39. Inquisition at Mallow regarding Spenser lands (1611)

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1611

    An inquisition was taken at Mallow on 7 August 1611 to settle the disposition of lands originally granted to Edmund Spenser of Kilcolman. Jurors found that the seignory had descended to Sylvanus Spencer, the poet's son and heir.

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    Sylvanus, the poet's eldest son, who felt that his rights had been compromised by this marriage, petitioned the Lord Chancellor — the original petition is in the Rolls Office, Dublin — who issued an order for an inquisition. The inquisition was taken in Mallow, in the county of Cork, the 7th of August, 1611.

    " The said Jurors doe finde and present that the p. te or p. econ (part or portion) of a seignory granted by these patents from the late Queene Elizabeth unto Edmond Spencer, late of Kilcolmayn, in the Countie of Corke, Esquire, deceased, after his death descended unto Sylvanus Spencer, his sone and heire, whoe doth nowe possesse and enjoy the same, in manner and forme as followeth, viz. : — The

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 139

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow, in County Cork, was where an inquisition was held on the 7th of August, 1611, to settle who held the lands once granted to Edmund Spenser of Kilcolman. Spenser, the poet, was dead. His eldest son, Sylvanus, believed his rights had been compromised by a marriage, and he petitioned the Lord Chancellor, whose original petition sits in the Rolls Office in Dublin. The Chancellor issued an order for an inquisition, and it was taken here in Mallow. The jurors found and presented that the part or portion of a seignory, granted by patent from the late Queen Elizabeth unto Edmund Spencer, late of Kilcolman, after his death descended unto Sylvanus Spencer, his son and heir, who does now possess and enjoy the same.

40. Maurice Duv killed taking a prey in Muskerry

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1564

    In 1564, Maurice Duv, son of John, went to take a prey in Muskerry. Dermot and Cormac, sons of Teige MacCarthy, overtook and beheaded him. This was the death of Black Maurice, the freebooter and incendiary who had murdered the Court-Page.

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    "A.D. 1564. — Maurice Duv, the son of John, went to take a prey in Muskerry. Dermot and Cormac, the sons of Teige Mac Carthy, overtook and beheaded Maurice." Other writers say, those who were left to

    • To his death. — Turlough Mac Sweeny, " of (he icooden leg" fell by the hand of Brian Mac Sweeny, at the gate of Cork, in 1579.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 89

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, in 1564, Maurice Duv, son of John, went to take a prey. Dermot and Cormac, the sons of Teige MacCarthy, overtook him and beheaded him. This was Black Maurice, the freebooter and incendiary who had murdered the Court-Page.

41. Siege of Waterford by Warbeck, Desmond, and Lincoln (1497)

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1497

    In July 1497 the pretender Perkin Warbeck, together with the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln, laid siege to Waterford. The detailed account of the siege is said to be recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Waterford.

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    He arrived in Cork in July, 1497, and was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln in the siege of Waterford. The account of this siege is thus recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Walerford: —

    "In the year 1497, it was again the good fortune of the citizens of Waterford to manifest their loyalty to the king ; for which, among other honours, they received the following motto — l Intacta manet Waterfordia.' On this occasion they communicated to his majerty the intelligence of the arrival of Perkin Warbeck at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford stands as a city the road passes through or near. In July 1497, the pretender Perkin Warbeck arrived in Cork and was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln in laying siege to Waterford. The citizens of Waterford held firm and stayed loyal to the king. They sent word to his majesty with the intelligence of Warbeck's arrival at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection. For this, among other honours, they received the motto, as the source records it, "Intacta manet Waterfordia." The detailed account of the siege is recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Waterford.

42. Spanish letters on the defeat before Kinsale and ongoing siege

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1601–1602

    Letters from the Duke of Lerma and the King of Spain to Don Juan de Aquila discuss the signal defeat of the Irish forces before Kinsale, after which all enemy forces were bent against the Spanish. The king promises gallant succours by land and sea and urges Aquila to strengthen himself in the siege and endammage the enemy.

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    " By that which Zubiare and Pedro Lopez de Soto hath written, and by the comming of the Earle O'Donnell, who is now in the Groyne, wee have understood of the overthrow of the carles, and from thence is gathered that all the forces are now bent against you, and that your onely valour and wisdome hath been able to

    380 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 174

    As the companion tells it

    Passing Kinsale, this is where Irish forces were defeated in 1601, leaving the Spanish under Don Juan de Aquila to face the siege. The Duke of Lerma and the King of Spain wrote that all enemy forces were now bent against him. The king promised succours by land and sea, urging him to strengthen himself and endammage the enemy.

43. Teige Mac Cormac writes from Carrig-a-pooka seeking pardon

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1602

    Teige Mac Cormac, cousin of the Lord of Muskerry, wrote from his fairy castle of Carrig-a-pooka (Carrickafouky) on the road from Macroom to Killarney, seeking the president's forgiveness for joining the Spaniards. He mentioned the delivery of Kilcrea as part of his grievances against his cousin.

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    fortunate, has some claims on Muskerry. He is encouraged to approach the president. He writes from his fairy castle of Carrig-a- pooka.* The letter is dated June, 1602 :—

    "A letter from TEG MAC CORMOCK CARTIE to the LOBD PRESIDENT, entreating the remission of his offences.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 184

    As the companion tells it

    In Macroom, in June 1602, Teige Mac Cormac wrote from his fairy castle of Carrig-a-pooka to the Lord President, entreating the remission of his offences. He had joined the Spaniards and now sought forgiveness. He mentioned the delivery of Kilcrea among his grievances against his cousin, the Lord of Muskerry.

44. Wellesley made Bishop of Kildare, retaining Conall priory

    Kildare · town · Kildare · 1531–1539

    Walter Wellesley was made Bishop of Kildare in 1531 and retained his priory of Conall in commendam. He held both benefices until his death in 1539, accumulating ecclesiastical wealth and offices in a manner typical of the period.

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    On the 6th of September, Lord Surrey concurred with his council in a letter to Wolsey, (which is among the Cardinal's correspondence in the Chapter House, vol. xi. part 2, leaf 22.) recommending u Waltier Wellesley, Priour of a House of Chanons, called Conall, a famous clerc, notid the best in the land, a man of gravitie and vertuous conversation, and a singular myude having to Englishe ordre," to succeed to the vacant see, which is stated to be under a hundred marks value. Wellesley refused to take the bishopric, unless allowed to keep his priory in commendam. In 1531 he was made Bishop of Kildare, and retained the priory. He held both these benefices till his death, in 1539.

    Two years after, we find the Earl of Kildare asking for the avoidance and denomination of the bishopric of Kildare, for "Maister Edward Dillon, who is of vertuous living, and English name and condition."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Kildare was the seat of a bishopric said to be worth under a hundred marks. On the 6th of September, Lord Surrey wrote to Wolsey recommending Walter Wellesley, the prior of a house of canons called Conall. He called him, in the words of the letter, "a famous clerk, noted the best in the land, a man of gravity and virtuous conversation, and a singular mind having to English order." Wellesley refused to take the bishopric unless he could keep his priory in commendam. In 1531 he was made Bishop of Kildare, and he kept the priory. He held both benefices until his death in 1539. Two years after, the Earl of Kildare asked for the bishopric to be given to Maister Edward Dillon, described as "of virtuous living, and English name and condition."

45. Articles of capitulation list Spanish-held strongholds

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1601–1602

    The formal articles of composition between the Lord Deputy and Don Juan de Aquila stipulated that the Spanish general would quit Kinsale, Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, in exchange for safe transportation back to Spain with arms, munitions, money, and artillery.

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    u First — That the said Don Juan de Aquila shall quit the places which hee holds in this kingdoms, as well of the Towne of Kinsale, as those which are held by the souldiers under his command, in Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, and other parts, to the said Lord Deputie, or to whom he shall appoynt, giving him safe transportation (and sufficient) for the said people, of ships and victualls, with the which the said Don Juan with them may go for Spaine, if he can at one time, if not in two shippings.

    " Item — That the souldiers at this present being under the command of Don Juan in this kingdome, shall not beare armes against her Majestic the Queene of England, wheresoever supplyes shall come from Spaine, till the said souldiers be unshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine, being dispatched (as soone as may be) by the Lord Deputy, as he promiseth upon his faith and honour.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 169

    As the companion tells it

    Baltimore was one of several strongholds held by Spanish soldiers in the winter after the Battle of Kinsale. In 1601 and 1602, the Lord Deputy negotiated formal articles of capitulation with the Spanish general, Don Juan de Aquila. The first article required Don Juan to quit the places he held in this kingdom, including Kinsale, Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, surrendering them to the Lord Deputy or his appointee. In return, the Lord Deputy promised safe transportation home, with ships and victuals enough to carry Don Juan and his people to Spain, in one sailing if possible, or in two. A further article bound the soldiers under Don Juan's command not to bear arms against Queen Elizabeth of England, wherever fresh supplies might come from Spain, until those soldiers were landed at some port in Spain and discharged. The Lord Deputy pledged this on his faith and honour.

46. Hugh Maguire slays Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, killed Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork. An Irish poet commemorated Maguire's death by referencing the lime-white mansions his right hand had laid in ruins.

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    We conclude that white-washing houses was introduced into Ireland about this time, by the English. An Irish poet, speaking of the death of Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, who slew Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork, says, — *' The memory of the lime-ivhite mansions his right hand hath laid in ruins, warms the hero's

    * Keetc Countess of Thomond. — The habit of calling women by their maiden names after marriage prevails to some extent in Ireland even to the present day.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    Near Cork, Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, slew Sir Warham St. Leger. An Irish poet, speaking of Maguire's death, wrote, "The memory of the lime-white mansions his right hand hath laid in ruins, warms the hero's." White-washing houses was introduced into Ireland about this time, by the English.

47. Brehon fee scale recorded at Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1557

    A presentment at Waterford records that a brehon appointed by Lady Katherine Poer charged 16d. of every mark sterling from both plaintiff and defendant as his judgment fee. The text calculates this at 2s. 6d. in the pound, noting it would amount to a large sum over a year.

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    The fees of brehons were regulated by scale, though they sometimes deviated from it. They were paid by both plaintiff and defendant. We discover, from a presentment made at Waterford, that the " Brehon, who was ordained by Lady Katherine Poer, took for his judgment (called eylegeag) 16d. of every mark sterling both of the plaintiff and defendant."

    This would be 2s. Od. in the pound in money transactions, and would amount to a large sum in the year. But if this covered all the expenses of plaintiff and defendant, they had cause to bless their stars.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 25

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, in 1557, saw a presentment that records the fees a brehon could charge. A brehon appointed by Lady Katherine Poer took for his judgment, called eylegeag, 16d. of every mark sterling from both the plaintiff and the defendant. That worked out at 2s. 0d. in the pound, and would amount to a large sum over a year. But if that covered all the expenses of plaintiff and defendant, they had cause to bless their stars.

48. Carew Castle at Downemarke near Bantry Abbey

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1602

    The army drew to Carew Castle, built by the Lord President's ancestors and called Downemarke by the Irish, situated two miles from the Abbey of Bantry. They camped there to annoy the rebels and await shipping with provisions and ordnance.

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    He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's

    * The Council beyond and here.— The English and Irish Council.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Bantry, on the 30th of April 1602 an army drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's ancestors and called Downemarke by the Irish, two miles from the Abbey of Bantry. They camped there to annoy the rebels and await shipping with provisions and ordnance. The force had left Cork on the 20th, feeble and weak, against the advice of friends, and marched through Kinsale, Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castlehaven, and Baltimore to reach this point.

49. Carew's army encamps near Kilcoe Castle held by O'Driscoll

    Kilcoe · townland · Cork · 1602

    On 29 April, Carew's army encamped on a mountain near Kilcoe Castle, where Conoghor O'Driscoll, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, held a garrison ward. The next day the army moved to Carew Castle near Bantry.

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    He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's

    * The Council beyond and here.— The English and Irish Council.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, on 29 April 1602, Carew's army encamped on a mountain near Kilcoe Castle. The castle was held by Conoghor O'Driscoll, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, described as a rebel keeping a garrison ward there. Carew had left Cork on the 20th, weak and against the advice of his friends, marching through Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castlehaven and Baltimore to reach this point. The very next day, the 30th, the army dislodged and moved on to Carew Castle near Bantry.

50. Cork burned and plundered

    Cork · city · Cork · 913

    The city of Cork was repeatedly attacked by Danish fleets, including an assault in 913 when the city was burned and plundered, leading to widespread devastation in Munster.

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    "A.D. 913. — Cork was this year burned and plundered by the Danes, who, in the year 915, also laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year they were defeated by the Munster men, in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes, on their side, vanquished the Irish. A.D. 918. — The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, [Scotland,] where they committed great ravages. A.D. 960. — The

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was burned and plundered by the Danes in 913. Two years later, in 915, they laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year the Munster men defeated the Danes in a pitched battle, though in Leinster the Danes vanquished the Irish. By 918 the Danes of Munster were in peaceable possession of the province. They joined countrymen from Scandinavia and sailed to Scotland, where they committed great ravages.

51. Cork corporation seeks confirmation of grants and liberties

    Cork · city · Cork · 1547

    The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork wrote to the new Lord Deputy after the accession of Edward VI, sending John Coppinger to the king to procure confirmation of their grants and liberties.

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    WE have a new king and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger has been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham. The principal magistrates of the principal towns, send letters and addresses. The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork write to say, they have sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties; the mayor, bailiffs, and council of Youghal, that they have captured a pirate, named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats, and wish to know what they are to do with him ; the Sovereign and council of Kinsale, that all their men have died of pestilence — there was a great plague in the city of Cork this year — that they have a wide and empty town, few men, and naughty neighbours, that their haven is stopped by " eagle's pirates," and that one Richard Colle, or Colley, a pirate with a pinnace, has married Barry Oge's aunt, and lives in his castle, and will not suffer any one to come to the town. They request the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe,* Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy commanding them to take the king's coin.

    * The Lor* Barry.— The Editor of the Calendar of Irish State Papers for 1509-1573 erroneously styles this Irish nobleman Lord Barrymore. David Lord Barry, Viscount of Buttevant, was created Earl of Barrymore, February 28, 1627. The title Baron Barry was conferred in 1420, and Viscount Buttevant in 1555.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    In 1547, the city of Cork had a new king and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger had been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham. The principal magistrates of the principal towns sent letters and addresses. The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork wrote to say they had sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties. That same year saw a great plague in the city of Cork. Nearby towns had their own troubles. Youghal had captured a pirate named Smith who had plundered their fishing boats, and wished to know what to do with him. Kinsale reported that all their men had died of pestilence, leaving a wide and empty town, few men, and what they called "naughty neighbours." Their haven was stopped by pirates. One Richard Colle, a pirate with a pinnace, had married Barry Oge's aunt, lived in his castle, and would suffer no one to come to the town. They asked the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe, Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy, commanding them to take the king's coin.

52. Defeat of the English at Meath, 1414

    Meath · county · Meath · 1414

    A great defeat was inflicted on the English at Meath, where the Baron of Ikreen and many nobles and commoners were slain. The son of the Baron of Ibane was taken prisoner, with a ransom of fourteen hundred marks obtained for his release.

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    keep their own; if we may style it their own. " A great defeat was given to the English at Meath, where the Baron of Ikreen, together with a great number of nobles and plebians, were slain ; and where the son of the Baron of Ibane was taken prisoner, for whose ransom fourteen hundred marks were obtained."

    Those great defeats induced the king to strengthen the hands of the Anglo-Norman earls, by an importation of Saxons. He also sent over Sir John Stanley as deputy.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Meath, this is the county where, in 1414, a great defeat was given to the English. The Baron of Ikreen was slain there, together with a great number of nobles and commoners. The son of the Baron of Ibane was taken prisoner, and fourteen hundred marks were obtained for his ransom. Those great defeats moved the king to strengthen the Anglo-Norman earls by bringing over Saxons, and he sent Sir John Stanley as deputy.

53. Edward I murage charter for dilapidated Cork walls

    Cork · city · Cork · 1303

    Edward I granted two charters, and the latter, in the thirty-first year of his reign, enacted that murage should be collected by the bailiffs of the city for six years. The author concludes from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

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    Edward I. granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The last enacted that murage^ should be collected by the bailiffs of the city, for six years. We conclude from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

    In the charter of the llth of Edward II., the office of Mayor is, for the first time named. The next year, there was an enactment passed which abolished the necessity of the elected Mayor's going to Dublin, to be sworn in before the Barons of the Exchequer, his predecessor in office being authorised to receive the necessary oaths.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city's walls were in decay by 1303. Edward I granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The second enacted that murage should be collected by the bailiffs for six years, from which it is concluded that the city walls were dilapidated. In the eleventh year of Edward II, the office of Mayor is for the first time named. The next year an enactment abolished the necessity of the elected Mayor going to Dublin to be sworn in before the Barons of the Exchequer, his predecessor authorised to receive the necessary oaths.

54. Henry III charter grants Cork citizens toll exemption

    Cork · city · Cork · 1216–1272

    The earliest existing Cork corporation charter, that of Henry III, granted the citizens an exemption from toll and all other customs throughout the dominions for eighty marks annually, with prisage of wine, custom, and cocket within the jurisdiction of the port.

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    The earliest existing Cork or corporation charter is that of Henry III. This charter granted to the citizens, or rather let to them, for eighty marks annually, an exemption from toll and all other customs throughout his majesty's dominions, with prisage of wine, custom and cocket,* within the jurisdiction of the port.

    Edward I. granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The last enacted that murage^ should be collected by the bailiffs of the city, for six years. We conclude from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    Cork's earliest surviving corporation charter came from Henry III. It let the citizens, for 80 marks paid annually, an exemption from toll and all other customs throughout the king's dominions, with prisage of wine, custom, and cocket within the jurisdiction of the port. Later, Edward I granted two charters, in the 19th and 31st years of his reign. The last enacted that murage should be collected by the bailiffs of the city for six years, which suggests the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

55. Hospitality anecdote at Mogeely Castle

    Mogeely · townland · Cork

    An anecdote is recorded at Mogeely Castle on the banks of the River Bride, in which the Earl of Desmond's steward invited Munster chiefs for a month-long stay. When provisions ran out, the earl ordered the castle set alight during a hunt, but the steward instead raided cattle and corn to sustain the household.

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    The following anecdote of this earl is worthy of record. It ocurred at Mogeely Castle, on the banks of

    IRISH HOSPITALITY. 83

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Mogeely Castle, on the banks of the River Bride. An anecdote tells of the Earl of Desmond and Irish hospitality. His steward invited the Munster chiefs for a month's stay. When provisions ran out, the earl ordered the castle burned during a hunt. The steward instead raided cattle and corn to keep the household fed.

56. Kilbrittan Castle, seat of the Lord of Carbery

    near Kilbrittain · street · Cork

    Kilbrittan Castle on the west coast of County Cork was the principal residence of Sir Donough Mac Carthy, Lord of Carbery and father of Florence Mac Carthy. Succession to the lordship followed the Gaelic law of tanistry rather than primogeniture.

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    Finian, Fineen, or Florence, who stood a head and shoulders above his brethren, and whose mental endowments and education qualified him for a far higher station than that of chieftain to an Irish sept, was the eldest son of Sir Donough Mac Carthy, Lord of Carbery, whose principal residence was Kilbrittan castle, on the west coast of the county Cork. Sir Donough

    SIR THOMAS yOEEIs's LETTER. 285

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 129

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Kilbrittain stood Kilbrittan Castle, the principal residence of Sir Donough Mac Carthy, Lord of Carbery. His eldest son was Finian, or Florence, a man who, in the words of the source, "stood a head and shoulders above his brethren," with mental endowments and education suited to a far higher station than chieftain of an Irish sept.

57. Lord Deputy lodged at Bishop of Cork's house

    Cork · city · Cork · 1602

    In February 1602, during preparations for the embarkation of Spanish troops, Lord Deputy Mountjoy stayed at the Bishop of Cork's house in Cork city. Sir George Carew visited Mountjoy there to discuss intercepting letters from the King of Spain to the Spanish general.

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    DON JUAN having made all the necessary arrangements fqr- the embarkation of his troops, went with the Deputy and the Lord President to Cork. The Lord Deputy lodged in the Bishop of Cork's house,* Don Juan in the city, and the President at Shandon Castle.

    It is the 10th of February. Don Juan is busy making preparations to embark, when the president hears that a Spanish pinnace has arrived in some western port, with letters from the King of Spain to the Spanish general. Sir George Carew posts off to the bishop's house to the deputy, and asks him if he has a desire to know the nature of the correspondence. It may be commanding Don Juan to remain. Mountjoy says his heart is itching to have the letters in his hands, and prays the Lord President to intercept them, if he can " handsomely doe it."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 171

    As the companion tells it

    In February 1602, Cork was the setting for a tense episode during the Spanish wars. Don Juan, having arranged the embarkation of his troops, came to the city with the Lord Deputy and the Lord President. The Lord Deputy, Mountjoy, lodged in the Bishop of Cork's house. Don Juan stayed in the city, and the President at Shandon Castle. It was the 10th of February, and Don Juan was busy preparing to embark, when the President heard that a Spanish pinnace had arrived in some western port carrying letters from the King of Spain to the Spanish general. Sir George Carew hurried to the bishop's house to Mountjoy and asked whether he wished to know the nature of the correspondence. The letters might command Don Juan to remain. Mountjoy said his heart was itching to have the letters in his hands, and prayed the Lord President to intercept them, if he could, in his own words, "handsomely doe it."

58. Muskerry territory and lords' exemption from MacCarthy More

    near Muskerry · street · Cork

    The country of Muskerry was a large territory containing five other countries. The Earle of Clancare claimed thirty galloglass and rising-out from it, but its lords had exempted themselves by taking letters patent from the Kings of England.

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    "The Seconde — The countrey of Muskerie, a very large countrey, wherein five other countreis are conteyned; he claymeth of them risinge out, the keapinge of thirtie galleglass, and findinge of him for a certen tyme. The Lordes of this countrey, by taking L"* Patents of the Kings of England, have exempted themsealves from him, as they aflynne.

    "The Third countrey is O'Sullivan Moore's. It conteyneth two hundred ploughlandes. He claymeth there the geavinge of the Rodd, the findinge of Fiftie Gallyglasses, Risinge out, and in yearely spendinge the value of £20.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry lies a very large country, and within it five other countries are contained. The Earle of Clancare claimed from these lands their rising out, the keeping of thirty galloglass, and the finding of him for a certain time. But the lords of this country had exempted themselves from him, as they affirmed, by taking letters patent from the Kings of England.

59. Myles de Courcy builds castles and slays Mac Carthy

    Ringrone · townland · Cork · 1223

    Myles de Courcy, created Baron of Kinsale in 1223, married a De Cogan and built a castle near the Old Head of Kinsale and another at Ringrone. At Ringrone, he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin (Ringrone) Mac Carthy.

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    De Courcy left issue by his wife, Africa, the daughter of Godfrey, king of the Isle of Man, Myles de Courcy, who was created Baron of Kinsale the 29th of May, 1223. This Myles married a De Cogan, built a castle near the old Head of Kinsale, and another at Ringrone, where he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin, or Eingrone Mac Carthy.

    40 HISTOET OF COKK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 19

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ringrone, Myles de Courcy built a castle. He had been made Baron of Kinsale on the 29th of May, 1223. He married a De Cogan, and here at Ringrone, he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin, or Ringrone Mac Carthy.

60. Perkin Warbeck's third arrival in Cork (July 1497)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1497

    Perkin Warbeck arrived in Cork for the third time in July 1497, after a sojourn in Scotland. He was joined there by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln, and together they proceeded to besiege Waterford.

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    He arrived in Cork in July, 1497, and was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln in the siege of Waterford. The account of this siege is thus recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Walerford: —

    "In the year 1497, it was again the good fortune of the citizens of Waterford to manifest their loyalty to the king ; for which, among other honours, they received the following motto — l Intacta manet Waterfordia.' On this occasion they communicated to his majerty the intelligence of the arrival of Perkin Warbeck at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in July 1497. Perkin Warbeck arrived here for what was his third coming, after time spent in Scotland. He was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln, and together they proceeded to besiege Waterford. The citizens of Waterford sent word to the king, telling him of Warbeck's arrival at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection. For their stand they received the motto "Intacta manet Waterfordia." The record of it is kept in Doctor Ryland's History of Waterford.