Name: The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 1)
Author: Charles Bernard Gibson

Death of the Bishop of Cork and suit for the see

Cork · city · Cork · 1520

In a letter written at Dublin in August 1520, the Earl of Surrey informed Cardinal Wolsey that the Bishop of Cork had died, and reported that great suit was made for the position. Surrey advised that the bishopric, worth about 200 marks per year, should be bestowed on an Englishman willing to reside there.

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" Also plesith it Your Grace to understonde, the Busshop off Cork is ded ; and grete sute is made to me to wright for men off this centre; some say it is worth 200 markes by y ere, some say more. My poure advyse shuld be that it shuld be bestowed upon sum Inglish man. The Busshop Leyghlyn, your servaunte, havyng bothe, methynk rnyght do gode service here. I besech Your Grace let none of this contre have it, nor none other, but such as woll dwell thereupon, and such as dare, and woll speke, and roffle, when nede shalbe. Yours most bownden,
T. SURREY."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 51

Dominick Collins hanged at Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1602

Dominick Collins, a friar described as showing no penitence and refusing to disclose rebels' intentions, was hanged at Youghal, the town where he was born. He would not merit his life by doing service to the state.

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Dominick Collins, the friar, "in whom no penitence appeared," and who would not " merit his life either by discovering the rebels' intention or by doing some service that might deserve favour," was hanged at Youghal, the town where he was born. James Archer, the Jesuit, and Conor O'Driscoll, the son of Sir Pineen O'Driscoll, escaped to Spain; O'Sullivan Beare and Captain Tirrell into Kerry.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 183

Lord Deputy ordered to survey Cork coast for fortification

Cork · city · Cork · 1551

In early 1551 the Lord Deputy was instructed to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare and report which points of the south-western coast required fortification. He remonstrated, saying he could not fortify Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint, and that the thousand soldiers and 120 pioneers who arrived had no money to pay them.

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The Lord Deputy was instructed, in the early part of 1551, to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare, and to report what points of the south-western coast required to be fortified; he was also advised that ships had been sent to Waterford with arms and munition. He remonstrated, and expressed his inability of fortifying either Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint. He informs the Privy Council that he has the sons of the Earls of Desmond and Thomond ready to send into England. He acknowledges the arrival of a thousand soldiers and a hundred and twenty pioDeers, but has no money to pay them.
St. Leger retired from the Deputyship in the May of 1551, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. Mr. St. Leger, the son, gets the office of Andrew Brereton, who has, as he states, " honestly served." The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess, his wife, repair to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords are being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, who has lost office, calls Tyrone a traitor, and says he wrote to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. Mac Carthy More submits; an oath of fealty is preparing for his people.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 83

As the companion tells it

As you come through Cork, this is a city whose defences were questioned in 1551. That year, the Lord Deputy was instructed to visit Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Beare, and report which points of the south-western coast required fortification. He was told ships had been sent to Waterford with arms and munition. He remonstrated. He told the Privy Council he could not fortify either Cork or Kinsale without money from the mint. A thousand soldiers and 120 pioneers had arrived, but he had no money to pay them. He added that the sons of the Earls of Desmond and Thomond were ready to be sent into England. St. Leger retired from the Deputyship in May 1551, and Sir James Croft was appointed in his stead. St. Leger's son took the office of Andrew Brereton, who had, as he stated, 'honestly served.' The Earls of Desmond, Thomond, Clanricard, and the Earl of Tyrone, with the Countess his wife, came to Dublin to welcome the new Lord Deputy. These Irish rebel lords were being converted into courtiers. Andrew Brereton, having lost office, called Tyrone a traitor and said he had written to the King of France, promising to join him against King Edward. MacCarthy More submitted, and an oath of fealty was being prepared for his people.

MacCarthy Reagh submits at Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1539–1540

The Lord Deputy rested at Kinsale for one night before returning to Cork, leaving Ormond to await MacCarthy Reagh. Ormond found much cattle in MacCarthy's country, restored it, and thereby persuaded him to come to the Deputy and submit his brother and hostages.

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At Kinsale, the Deputy and Ormond parted for a while. " My Lord Deputy resting at Kinsale but one night, returned to Cork, leaving me for the coming of Mac Carthy Eeagh, in whose country I found much cattle, which I restored to him ; by reason whereof, and other fair means, I so allured and persuaded him, that he came with me to the Lord Deputie, and put in his brother and his hostages." Leaving Cork, the Deputy and Ormond repaired to O'Callaghan's country, intending to cross the river Awnmore, or Blackwater, when lo ! and behold, upon the other side, stands, in all the panoply of war, the wily and enraged James Fitz-John of Desmond, driven like a lion to its last cover. He had " no manor of towardnes, or any good conformytie." His deportmentwas threatening, so much
154 HISTORY OF COEff.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 73

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Kinsale in Cork, this is where the Lord Deputy and Ormond parted company in 1539. The Deputy rested here for one night, then returned to Cork, leaving Ormond to wait for MacCarthy Reagh. Ormond found much cattle in MacCarthy's country and restored it to him. By that act and other fair means, as the source says, he so allured and persuaded MacCarthy Reagh that he came with him to the Lord Deputy and put in his brother and his hostages.

O'Brien of Thomond's attempted conquest of Munster, 1381

Cork · city · Cork · 1381

O'Brien of Thomond marched with an excessive force attempting a general conquest across the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The Justice was unable to remain in Munster, and Gerald, Earl of Desmond, was sent toward Limerick to assuage the conflict, receiving 200 marks for a quarter's salary.

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"A.D. 1381. — O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest in the counties of Limerick, Keriy and Cork; in consequence of which, and the Justice's being unable to remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king, it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick < to assuage their malice ; ' and 200 marks were directed to be paid him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell."
" A.D. 1386.— The king appointed Gerald, Earl of Desmond, and Robert Thame, Sheriffs of the county, deputies of Philip Courtenay, the Lord Lieutenant, for the defence of Munster."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city was caught up in turmoil in 1381. O'Brien of Thomond marched with an excessive force, attempting a general conquest across the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The Justice could not remain in Munster without inconvenience to the king. So it was agreed that Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond, should go toward Limerick to assuage their malice. Two hundred marks were directed to be paid to him for one quarter's salary, and commissions of oyer and terminer were granted to him and Walter Coterell. Five years later, in 1386, the king appointed Gerald, Earl of Desmond, and Robert Thame as Sheriffs of the county, deputies of Philip Courtenay, the Lord Lieutenant, for the defence of Munster.

Rebels destroy Kilmallock

Kilmallock · town · Limerick

Kilmallock was destroyed by rebels, an event cited by the townsmen of Kinsale as evidence of the threat facing their own town. The destruction underscored the urgency of securing military assistance from the Earl of Desmond.

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We conclude that St. Leger was their jailor, and that he did not like his office, for he asks permission to go to Ireland to recover his losses. Writing to the privy council two months after this, he complains that the Earl of Desmond refuses to go down to Leeds castle, in Kent, with him, and that, in his absence, he has rashly ranged abroad in sundry parts of London. The poor fellow was happy to shake a loose leg, without the presence of a keeper, though it was a lame one. St. Leger requests either to be relieved of the charge, or to have command to keep him prisoner, without liberty. This sounds harsh from St. Leger. " Maurice Koche, mayor, and his brethren of Cork," petition the queen, for the Earl of Desmond and his brother to be enlarged. " Michael Roche, soveraigne, and his brethren of Kinsale," memorial the privy council to send over the Earl of Desmond, and Sir John, to assist the president in repressing the rebels, who seek to destroy their
15

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 97

Seizure of Mac Egan's papers in Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Upon returning to Cork, the president sent messengers to seize Owen Mac Egan's papers, which fell to Stafford's share. They consisted mostly of books of school divinity and a bull of Pope Clement VIII dated 1595 from Rome.

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This most inexorable president, upon his return to Cork, employed messengers to seize Mac Egan's papers, which Stafford says, "fell to my share." They consisted for the most part, of books of school divinity and a bull of Pope Clement YIIL, " DaV Romce, apud Sanctum Petrum anno Incarnationis Domini 1595." Mac Egan must have been invested with the authority described in the bull for seven years before his death.
Stafford paints the character of this bishop in the darkest colors : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 190

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city holds a story from the time of a president called most inexorable. Upon his return to Cork, he sent messengers to seize Owen Mac Egan's papers. Stafford says they "fell to my share." They were mostly books of school divinity, and a bull of Pope Clement VIII, dated 1595, from Rome. Mac Egan must have held the authority described in that bull for seven years before his death. Stafford paints this bishop's character in the darkest colors.

Sylvanus Spencer marries into Nagle family of Monanimy

Monanimy · parish · Cork

Sylvanus Spencer married the eldest daughter of David Nagle of Monanimy in the barony of Fermoy. Edmund Burke's mother was a Nagle, grand-niece of Sylvanus's wife, and Burke passed part of his childhood in the parish of Monanimy.

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Sylvanus Spenser married the eldest daughter of David Nagle,* of Monanimy, in the barony of Fermoy, and county of Cork, by his wife Ellen Eoche, daughter of William Koche, of Ballyhowly. Sylvanus died in 1638.
Lawrence Spenser, of Bandon, was the poet's second son. He died somewhere about 1654. He is not known to have married, or to have left descendants.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 140

Barioge, captain of Kinalea

Kinalea · barony · Cork

Lord Burleigh described 'Barioge' as a poor, beggarly captain of a territory between Cork and Kinsale called Kynoley (Kinalea). His simplicity rendered a proper country of little account.

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few years after this, gives a very different account of these Irish lords and captains: — u Sir Cormac Mac Tiege, whoe was of late honorablie used of the queue's highnes in England, hath quite forgotten the same ; Sir Owen M'Cartie, beinge a simple man, is so addicted to one sept of the Mac Swyns as he is to be directed by them as they list ; Omahound, his follower, match of his imperfections, a man of small force, although a proper countrie ; Barioge, a poor beggarlie captaine of a countrie betweene Cowrk and Kinsale, called Kynoley, whose simplicitie is such as hee maketh of a propper sort of a countrie nothinge to bee accompted on ; Mac Donough, his countrie so nere the rebells as I feare he is infected with their treasons ; O'Kieff, if there were want of theves in this province, he might be aptly termed a theef."
If there be any truth in the following lines, translated or paraphrased from the Irish of Aenghus O'Daly, there is some palliation for O'Keeffe's thieving propensities : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 105

Cape Clear plundered by Danes

Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork · 837

In 837, the county was harassed by the Danes, who plundered and burned Inis Dambly, known as Cape Clear, as well as the city of Cork.

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But the Irish hated the Danes (who had taken possession of all their best ports) with a most sincere hatred. They were old enemies. " A.D. 820.— The city of Cork, and the adjacent country, were ransacked by a Danish fleet. A.D. 833. — The city was devastated by the Danes. A.D. 837. — This county was miserably harrassed by the Danes. Among other devastations, Inis Dambly, [Cape Clear] and Cork were plundered and burned "
"A.D. 913. — Cork was this year burned and plundered by the Danes, who, in the year 915, also laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year they were defeated by the Munster men, in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes, on their side, vanquished the Irish. A.D. 918. — The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, [Scotland,] where they committed great ravages. A.D. 960. — The

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 8

Carew's instructions to Earl of Thomond for Bear campaign

near Dunboy · street · Cork · 1602

Lord President Carew instructed the Earl of Thomond to prepare provisions and munitions, take a view of Dunboy Castle if possible, and capture Donnell O'Sullivan Beare. He also directed support for Owen O'Sullivan, who claimed Dunboy Castle, and urged harassment of the O'Crowleys.

Read the passage

The Lord President despatched the Earl of Thomond before him, to prepare provisions and munitions of war. In his instructions, dated the 9th of March, 1602, he says, — " When you are in Beare, if you may, without any apparent peril, take a view of the Castel of Dunboy." He directs him to leave no means unessayed to get Donnell O'Sullivan Beare into his hands. He had given him some private instructions on this subject : — " Give all the comfort you may to Owen O'Sullivan." Owen O'Sullivan laid claim to the Castle of Dunboy. " Have special care to prosecute and plague the O'Crowleys, who have assisted Dermot Moyle Mac Carthy. Sir Owen Mac Carthy's sons, if they be well handed, will prove the best instruments of doing so, as he stands between them and the lord of the country." How unlike a gallant soldier all this. What a developement it affords of the divide and conquer principle. Even the Deputy Mountjoy, who was a brave soldier, says, writing to the English council, — " As for Fineen O'Driscoll, 0' Donovan, and the two sons of Sir Owen Mac Cartie, they and their fellows, since their coming in, are grown very odious to the rebels in these parts, and are so well divided in factions amongst themselves, as they are fallen to preying and killing one another ', which we conceive will much avail to the quieting of these parts" Stafford says, — "It was thought no ill policie to make the Irish draw bloud one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might advance the publike service."
Thomond did his best to follow his instructions, but was not able " to take a view of the Castle of Dunboy." He was stopped at the Ceim an Ghabhair,* or the Goat's

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 177

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Dunboy, in March 1602, Lord President Carew despatched the Earl of Thomond to prepare provisions and munitions of war for a campaign in Beare. His instructions, dated the 9th of March, told Thomond that when he was in Beare, if he could do so without any apparent peril, he should take a view of the Castle of Dunboy. Carew directed him to leave no means unessayed to get Donnell O'Sullivan Beare into his hands. He also gave Thomond private instructions to give all the comfort he could to Owen O'Sullivan, who laid claim to the Castle of Dunboy. Carew told him to have special care to prosecute and plague the O'Crowleys, who had assisted Dermot Moyle MacCarthy. He suggested that Sir Owen MacCarthy's sons, if they were well handled, would prove the best instruments for doing so, as he stood between them and the lord of the country. The author of this history calls all this unlike a gallant soldier, a development of the divide and conquer principle. Even Deputy Mountjoy, a brave soldier, wrote to the English council that Fineen O'Driscoll, O'Donovan, and the two sons of Sir Owen MacCartie had grown very odious to the rebels since their coming in, and were so divided in factions among themselves that they had fallen to preying and killing one another, which he conceived would much avail to the quieting of those parts. Stafford said it was thought no ill policy to make the Irish draw blood one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might advance the public service. Thomond did his best to follow his instructions, but was not able to take a view of the Castle of Dunboy. He was stopped at the Ceim an Ghabhair, the Goat's Step.

Countess of Thomond buried at Ennis monastery

Ennis · town · Clare · 1583

The Countess of Thomond, Eveleen Roche, was interred in the monastery of Ennis following her death at Clonroad in the summer of 1583. The monastery served as a burial site for Gaelic nobility.

Read the passage

" A.D. 1583. The Countess Roche [recte Countess of Thomond]* namely, Eveleen, the daughter of Maurice, son of David Koche, and wife of the Earl of Thomond (Donough, the son of Conor O'Brien) died in the summer of this year at Clonroad, and was buried in the monastery of Ennis."
The death of Sir Cormac Mac Teige, of whom Sir Henry Sydney said " for his loyalty and civil disposition, he was the rarest man that ever was born of the Irishry," is thus recorded: " Cormac, son of Teige, son of Cormac Oge Mac Carthy, lord of Muskerry, a comelyshaped, bright-countenanced man, who possessed most white-washed edifices, fine built castles and hereditary seats of any of the descendants of Eoghan More."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 121

First Earl of Desmond buried at Dominican Abbey, Tralee

Tralee · town · Kerry · 1355

The first Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald, died in Dublin Castle on 25 January 1355 while serving as Lord Justice of Ireland for life. He was initially buried in the church of the Black Friars and subsequently removed to the Dominican Abbey in Tralee.

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He was, after this, made Lord Justice of Ireland for life. He died in Dublin Castle, the 25th of January, 1355, and was buried in the church of the Black Friars, and thence removed to the Dominican Abbey in Tralee. He married Margaret, daughter of Eichard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster.
Maurice Oge, the eldest son of the first earl, succeeded his father, but he enjoyed the property and the title but three years, during which he seems to have waged fierce war with the De Burgos and Poers. Lord Arnold Poer had called his father a rhymer, Perhaps the old earl made but indifferent verses ; but the son could not brook the taunt, so to war they went. He is supposed to have died at Castlemaine in 1358.*

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

In Tralee, in Kerry, the Dominican Abbey holds the first Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald. He was made Lord Justice of Ireland for life and died in Dublin Castle on the 25th of January 1355. He was first buried in the church of the Black Friars, then removed to the abbey. He married Margaret, daughter of Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster. His eldest son, Maurice Oge, succeeded him but held the property and title only three years, waging fierce war with the De Burgos and Poers. Lord Arnold Poer had called his father a rhymer. The son could not brook the taunt, so to war they went. Maurice Oge is supposed to have died at Castlemaine in 1358.

James I charter creates county of the city of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1608

By the charter of the 6th of James I, the city of Cork and surrounding district marked out by commissioners became a distinct county called the county of the city of Cork. This charter also released the corporation from the impost of twenty pounds of wax.

Read the passage

The charter of 6th of James I. released the corporation from the impost of twenty pounds of wax. By this charter, the city and surrounding district, marked out by commissioners, became a distinct county, called the county of the city of Cork, over which the power of the justices of the peace for the city extended.
» Remarkable Cap.— Waterford also had its remarkable cap. " And now at this time, as a remembrance and evident token of our favours, we have sent you by the bearer, a Cap of Maintenance, to be borne at all times thought fit for you, and necessary before you, our mayor, being our officer, of that our said citie, and our successors, officers of the same." — Hi/land's Waterford, p. 40.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

Cork became its own county in 1608, by the charter of the 6th of James I. The charter took the city and the surrounding district, marked out by commissioners, and made them a distinct county, called the county of the city of Cork. The power of the justices of the peace for the city extended over it. The same charter released the corporation from an old burden, the impost of twenty pounds of wax. A note in the source adds that Waterford had its own mark of royal favour, a Cap of Maintenance, sent to be borne before the mayor as the king's officer. That belonged to Waterford, not to Cork, but it sits in the record beside the Cork charter.

James of Desmond pledges to defend the king's cities

Cork · city · Cork · 1537

James Fitz-John, the Pretended Earl of Desmond, submitted articles promising to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. This reflected Henry VIII's desire to promote trade and commerce in Ireland.

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James promises, in the first place, to be a most obedient subject, to assist in maintaining the authority of the king's judges and other law officers ; to levy all taxes and benevolences granted to the king's highness ; not to ally himself with or support the king's enemies ; to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. If he should get a lease of Groom and Adare, and lands in the county of Limerick, belonging to the Earl of Kildare, he will pay the rents. Finally, although he repudiates the claims of that bastard, James Fitzmaurice, who is a traditor of high treason against the king's majesty, he is content to leave the decision of his right of title to the king.
Crumwell acknowledges receipt of the earl's articles, and directs St. Leger to proceed with him; and "as he alegyth bothe bastardy and trayson against Jamys Fitz-Morys, it is the king's pleasure that he shall article the points of said treason, and write the evidence of the basdardy, declaring himself frankly."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 66

As the companion tells it

Cork, 1537. James Fitz-John, called the Pretended Earl of Desmond, put his name to a set of articles promising to be a most obedient subject. He pledged to assist in maintaining the authority of the king's judges and other law officers, to levy all taxes and benevolences granted to the king's highness, and not to ally himself with or support the king's enemies. He promised to defend and maintain the king's cities of Cork, Limerick, Youghal, Kinsale, and Kilmallock, and to protect all merchantmen. If he should get a lease of Groom and Adare, and lands in the county of Limerick belonging to the Earl of Kildare, he will pay the rents. He repudiated the claims of James Fitzmaurice, whom he called a traitor of high treason against the king's majesty, but he was content to leave the decision of his right of title to the king. Cromwell acknowledged receipt of the earl's articles and directed St. Leger to proceed with him. As he alleged both bastardy and treason against James Fitzmaurice, it was the king's pleasure that he should article the points of said treason, and write the evidence of the bastardy, declaring himself frankly.

O'Sullivan Beare retreats from Dunboy into Beara wilds

near Dunboy · street · Cork · 1602

After being deprived of Dunboy Castle, O'Sullivan Beare withdrew with his cattle, herds, people and moveables into the rugged hills and wilds of his country, pursued by the Earl of Thomond's army.

Read the passage

"O'Sullivan, after having been deprived of this castle [Dunboy], went with his cows, herds, and people, and all his moveables, behind his ruggedtopped hills, into the wilds and recesses of his country. The Earl [of Thomond] and his army, and O'Sullivan and his forces, continued shooting and attacking each other until the Christmas time. The two armies were

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 188

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Dunboy, in 1602, O'Sullivan Beare lost his castle and pulled back into the hills. He took his cows, his herds, his people, all his moveables, into the wilds and recesses of his country. The Earl of Thomond and his army came after him. The two sides kept shooting and attacking each other through to Christmas.

Pelham requests fleet for the coast of Kerry

Kerry · county · Kerry · 1580

Sir William Pelham writes to England requesting an admiral with a fleet of ordnance and provisions to sail round to the coast of Kerry to open his campaign against the Earl of Desmond.

Read the passage

Sir William Pelham now opens a fearful campaign against the Earl of Desmond, and all his kith and kin. He writes to England, requesting that an admiral, with a fleet containing ordnance and provisions, should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice- Admiral Winter is despatched to cruise about a coast upon which a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly apprehended. Sir William commences his muster, and enrols beneath his standard " all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters." The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy- Connello. It was " cold spring." Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore and the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, who shewed mercy to none, " It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind* and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions." In some instances, the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.
The Lord Justice and the Earl of Ormond marched

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 114

As the companion tells it

As you travel through Kerry, this is the coast Sir William Pelham had in mind in 1580, when he opened his campaign against the Earl of Desmond and all his kith and kin. He wrote to England requesting that an admiral, with a fleet containing ordnance and provisions, should sail round to the coast of Kerry. Vice-Admiral Winter was dispatched to cruise about a coast upon which a Spanish or Italian landing was daily and hourly apprehended. Pelham commenced his muster, enrolling beneath his standard all who were subject to the laws, from the Boyne to the meeting of the Three Waters. The Earl of Ormond joined this muster with an immense host. The camp was pitched in Hy-Connello. It was cold spring. Marauding parties were let loose in Kilmore and the wilds of Delliga, and in Kilbolane, who showed mercy to none. It was not wonderful they should kill men fit for action, but they killed blind and feeble men, women, boys and girls, sick persons, idiots and old people, carrying off their cattle and provisions. In some instances the people retaliated, and a great number of the English were slain.

Philip de Broase received at Cork, 1179

Cork · city · Cork · 1179

Philip de Broase, granted the kingdom of Limerick by King John, arrived in Cork in 1179. He was received there by Richard de Londres, deputy under Fitz-aldoline, and met De Cogan and Fitzstephen.

Read the passage

Philip dc Broase, to whom king John had granted the kingdom of Limerick, came to Cork in 1179, and was kindly received by Eichard de Londres, an English gentleman, who was deputy there under Fitzaldoline. Here ho met De Cogan and Fitzstephen. The next year, 1180, we read of the death of Meredith, or Amere, Fitzstephen's eldest son, "a lusty young gentleman, and a towardlie." His death wns cause of great grief to his father and friends.
Two years after this, 1182, we find Mac Carthy renouncing his allegiance to the English government, and marching upon Cork, which fills Fitzstephen with consternation and despair. Eaymond Le Gros, who is in Waterford. marches to his relief, and obliges Mac Carthy to raise the seige.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 12

Sir John of Desmond's body hung in chains at Cork

Cork · city · Cork

After Sir John of Desmond was killed, his body was carried to Cork, cut in quarters, and his head sent to Dublin. His body was hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years until a stormy night blew it into the river and out to sea.

Read the passage

* His head sent to Dublin. — His body hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years, and one stormy night was blown into the river, and carrie d to the sea.— Vide O'Daly, o. 23. (TSuliivan Bcare Hitt. CatM. Iber.fol. 99.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 117

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city holds a grim piece of Sir John of Desmond's story. After he was killed, his body was cut in quarters. His head was sent to Dublin. His body hung in chains at one of the gates of Cork for three years. One stormy night it was blown into the river and carried to the sea.

Sir Warham St. Leger killed near Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork, illustrating the danger of travelling even short distances beyond the city walls. This occurred approximately 140 years after an earlier charter period referenced in the text.

Read the passage

time a=? they should be able to travel peaceably one mile beyond them. This looked like granting cocket, or foregoing customs, in secula seculorum. It was a hundred and forty years after this that Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork,
We learn from a curious letter written by u John Deythyke, Prest," that Dublin, in 1533, was even worse than Cork at this time : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 46

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, there is a sobering detail from its history. An old record spoke of a time when travellers should be able to go peaceably one mile beyond the city walls. It was 140 years after that time that Sir Warham St. Leger was killed within a mile of Cork.

St. Leger reports mint's bullion shortage from Cork, 1551

Cork · city · Cork · 1551

Sir Anthony St. Leger wrote from Cork on 20 May 1551 that the Master of the Mint lacked bullion to meet ordinary charges. Although ore had been drawn from local mines that would make good bullion, the authorities were not authorized to put it into use.

Read the passage

The coin of Ireland, at this time, was not of equal weight, or of as pure a metal, as that in circulation in England. The Irish coinage had to be closely watched by the Lord Treasurer, or there would have been the most flagrant adulteration. Sir Anthony St. Leger, writing to Sir James Croft, from Cork, May 20, 1551, says, " the Master of the Mint is so destitute of bullion, that he hath not where with all to furnish his ordinary charges. Although there be here presently [present] an honest substance of ore drawen in the mines, which we think would make a good masse of bullyon, yet, for as much as we are not authorized, we forbear to put it in use." Bellingham was greatly annoyed that he should not be privy to the king's treasure in the mint. He neither bought " houses, lands, fee or office, dised or carded, or riotously or laciviously spent the king's treasures."
We meet, a few years after this, with a " common supplication from the Lords Deputy and Council, with the rest of the nobility, gentlemen, and merchants, and divers others of the king's subjects, to the Privy Council," which attribute the universal dearth of all things in Ireland to the money, as the ^furste and pryncipall cawse, withoute remedye whereof it is thought ympossible to set a staye." They pray that the monies in Ireland may be of the like valuation, weight, and fineness, as in England. No English or foreign merchant could be expected to bring his wares to a port or market notorious for light or bad money.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 81

Troops land on Bere Island for siege of Dunboy

near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1602

On 1 June 1602, the Earl of Ormond and Sir Charles Wilmot were instructed to land their regiments on Bere Island. The Lord President and Sir Richard Percy followed the next day to prepare for the siege of Dunboy Castle.

Read the passage

The letter to the Spanish cannoniers produced no effect, but the Lord President, nothing discouraged, will try again. On the first of June, the Earl of Ormond and Sir Charles Wilmot are instructed to land with their regiments on Beare Island ; the president and Sir Eichard Percy follow on the second. Here occurs a private meeting between Kichard Mac Geoghegan, the constable of Dunboy, and Thomond, who tries to tempt him to betray his trust. In the map of the siege of Dunboy, we have a sketch of the two figures. The incorruptible Mac Geoghegan appears1 to be moving off with a flag of truce, and — the back of my hand to you, Thomond — while Thomond follows in a somewhat threatening attitude. " Whether Mac Geoghegan did intreat the earle that he might have a safe-conduct to speake with him, I am uncertaine,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 179

Warbeck's fleet at Passage East

Passage East · townland · Waterford · 1497

During the 1497 siege of Waterford, a fleet of eleven ships arrived at Passage to engage the city from the river. Troops were landed to proceed toward Lumbard's Marsh.

Read the passage

u An opportunity was now afforded them to prove the sincerity of their professions, and the extent of their devotion, for immediately on his landing, the whole strength of the rebel force was directed against Waterford, Perkin Warbeck, and Maurice, Earl of Desmond, with an army of 2,400 men, advanced to the city, and on the 23rd of July prepared to invest it. This force was intended to assault the western division, while a fleet of eleven ships, which arrived at Passage, was ordered to engage from the river ; there was also a body of troops landed from the fleet, who were to proceed in the direction of Lumbard's Marsh, and co-operate with the land forces.
" To prevent the junction of these two divisions, the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

Croft recommends fortifying Cork, Kinsale and Baltimore

Cork · city · Cork · 1551–1553

The new Lord Deputy Sir Thomas Croft wrote to the Earl of Warwick regarding the fortification of Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore, and urged punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and 140 laborers who were without money to support themselves.

Read the passage

The new Lord Deputy, Sir Thomas Croft, writes to Duddeley, Earl of Warwick, respecting the fortification of Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore, and recommends the punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and hundred and forty laborers, who are " without money to find them," — support themselves.
The Earl of Desmond is made Treasurer, "with such pre-eminences and dignities as may stand with the surety of the state." There was a necessity for this saving clause, for at this very time the Lord Deputy had to call Gerald, the earl's son, and Maurice, the earl's brother, before him, "for preys they had taken from the O'Mahons;" and the old earl himself had a dispute with Lord Fitzmaurice, respecting the "liberties" of Kerry. He offers to entertain at his own cost,* the Chief Justice Luttrell, P. Barnewall, Master of the Eolls, or any other judges who can speak the language, that the case may be fully and fairly tried. The earl also lays claim to the manor of Dungarvan, which was wrested from him by the Earl of Ormond ; he supplicates the Privy Council, and gets Sir Thomas Cusake, the new Lord Chancellor, to " recommend his suit." This was nothing uncommon in these days.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 84

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork now. Between 1551 and 1553, the new Lord Deputy, Sir Thomas Croft, wrote to Duddeley, Earl of Warwick, about fortifying Cork, Kinsale, and Baltimore. He urged punctual payment of the thousand soldiers and 140 laborers, who were, in his words, "without money to find them" — to support themselves. The Earl of Desmond was made Treasurer, with "such pre-eminences and dignities as may stand with the surety of the state." That saving clause was necessary, for at this very time the Lord Deputy had to call Gerald, the earl's son, and Maurice, the earl's brother, before him, for preys they had taken from the O'Mahons. The old earl himself had a dispute with Lord Fitzmaurice over the "liberties" of Kerry. He offered to entertain at his own cost the Chief Justice Luttrell, P. Barnewall, Master of the Rolls, or any other judges who could speak the language, so the case might be fully and fairly tried. The earl also laid claim to the manor of Dungarvan, wrested from him by the Earl of Ormond. He supplicated the Privy Council and got Sir Thomas Cusake, the new Lord Chancellor, to "recommend his suit." This was nothing uncommon in those days.

English driven from Cork, city threatened with fire

Cork · city · Cork

Murtough united his forces with O'Conor of Connaught to aid MacCarthy in driving the English out of Cork. The English attempted to fire the city but were not permitted to do so before being expelled.

Read the passage

Diarmaid Mac Carthy was succeeded by his son Donnell, who slew his own brother, Cathal Odhor. He then turned his sword against Donnell More O'Brien, who had aided the English in the erection of castles, "for the purpose of distressing the Mac Carthy." This Donnell O'Brien is styled in the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, " a beaming lamp in peace and war, and a brilliant star of the hospitality and valor of the Momonians." He was succeeded by Murtough, who commenced his reign by uniting his forces with those of 0' Conor of Connaught, in aiding Mac Carthy to drive the English out of Cork, without permitting them to fire the city, which they attempted, Mac Carthy at this time destroyed the castle of Kilfeakle, and slew many of the English, taking two of their chiefs prisoners. He also plundered the territory

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 12

Inquisition at Mallow regarding Spenser lands (1611)

Mallow · town · Cork · 1611

An inquisition was taken at Mallow on 7 August 1611 to settle the disposition of lands originally granted to Edmund Spenser of Kilcolman. Jurors found that the seignory had descended to Sylvanus Spencer, the poet's son and heir.

Read the passage

Sylvanus, the poet's eldest son, who felt that his rights had been compromised by this marriage, petitioned the Lord Chancellor — the original petition is in the Rolls Office, Dublin — who issued an order for an inquisition. The inquisition was taken in Mallow, in the county of Cork, the 7th of August, 1611.
" The said Jurors doe finde and present that the p. te or p. econ (part or portion) of a seignory granted by these patents from the late Queene Elizabeth unto Edmond Spencer, late of Kilcolmayn, in the Countie of Corke, Esquire, deceased, after his death descended unto Sylvanus Spencer, his sone and heire, whoe doth nowe possesse and enjoy the same, in manner and forme as followeth, viz. : — The

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 139

Maurice Duv killed taking a prey in Muskerry

near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1564

In 1564, Maurice Duv, son of John, went to take a prey in Muskerry. Dermot and Cormac, sons of Teige MacCarthy, overtook and beheaded him. This was the death of Black Maurice, the freebooter and incendiary who had murdered the Court-Page.

Read the passage

"A.D. 1564. — Maurice Duv, the son of John, went to take a prey in Muskerry. Dermot and Cormac, the sons of Teige Mac Carthy, overtook and beheaded Maurice." Other writers say, those who were left to
• To his death. — Turlough Mac Sweeny, " of (he icooden leg" fell by the hand of Brian Mac Sweeny, at the gate of Cork, in 1579.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 89

Siege of Waterford by Warbeck, Desmond, and Lincoln (1497)

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1497

In July 1497 the pretender Perkin Warbeck, together with the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln, laid siege to Waterford. The detailed account of the siege is said to be recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Waterford.

Read the passage

He arrived in Cork in July, 1497, and was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln in the siege of Waterford. The account of this siege is thus recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Walerford: —
"In the year 1497, it was again the good fortune of the citizens of Waterford to manifest their loyalty to the king ; for which, among other honours, they received the following motto — l Intacta manet Waterfordia.' On this occasion they communicated to his majerty the intelligence of the arrival of Perkin Warbeck at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

Spanish letters on the defeat before Kinsale and ongoing siege

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1601–1602

Letters from the Duke of Lerma and the King of Spain to Don Juan de Aquila discuss the signal defeat of the Irish forces before Kinsale, after which all enemy forces were bent against the Spanish. The king promises gallant succours by land and sea and urges Aquila to strengthen himself in the siege and endammage the enemy.

Read the passage

" By that which Zubiare and Pedro Lopez de Soto hath written, and by the comming of the Earle O'Donnell, who is now in the Groyne, wee have understood of the overthrow of the carles, and from thence is gathered that all the forces are now bent against you, and that your onely valour and wisdome hath been able to
380 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 174

As the companion tells it

Passing Kinsale, this is where Irish forces were defeated in 1601, leaving the Spanish under Don Juan de Aquila to face the siege. The Duke of Lerma and the King of Spain wrote that all enemy forces were now bent against him. The king promised succours by land and sea, urging him to strengthen himself and endammage the enemy.

Teige Mac Cormac writes from Carrig-a-pooka seeking pardon

Macroom · town · Cork · 1602

Teige Mac Cormac, cousin of the Lord of Muskerry, wrote from his fairy castle of Carrig-a-pooka (Carrickafouky) on the road from Macroom to Killarney, seeking the president's forgiveness for joining the Spaniards. He mentioned the delivery of Kilcrea as part of his grievances against his cousin.

Read the passage

fortunate, has some claims on Muskerry. He is encouraged to approach the president. He writes from his fairy castle of Carrig-a- pooka.* The letter is dated June, 1602 :—
"A letter from TEG MAC CORMOCK CARTIE to the LOBD PRESIDENT, entreating the remission of his offences.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 184

Wellesley made Bishop of Kildare, retaining Conall priory

Kildare · town · Kildare · 1531–1539

Walter Wellesley was made Bishop of Kildare in 1531 and retained his priory of Conall in commendam. He held both benefices until his death in 1539, accumulating ecclesiastical wealth and offices in a manner typical of the period.

Read the passage

On the 6th of September, Lord Surrey concurred with his council in a letter to Wolsey, (which is among the Cardinal's correspondence in the Chapter House, vol. xi. part 2, leaf 22.) recommending u Waltier Wellesley, Priour of a House of Chanons, called Conall, a famous clerc, notid the best in the land, a man of gravitie and vertuous conversation, and a singular myude having to Englishe ordre," to succeed to the vacant see, which is stated to be under a hundred marks value. Wellesley refused to take the bishopric, unless allowed to keep his priory in commendam. In 1531 he was made Bishop of Kildare, and retained the priory. He held both these benefices till his death, in 1539.
Two years after, we find the Earl of Kildare asking for the avoidance and denomination of the bishopric of Kildare, for "Maister Edward Dillon, who is of vertuous living, and English name and condition."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 51

Hugh Maguire slays Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, killed Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork. An Irish poet commemorated Maguire's death by referencing the lime-white mansions his right hand had laid in ruins.

Read the passage

We conclude that white-washing houses was introduced into Ireland about this time, by the English. An Irish poet, speaking of the death of Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, who slew Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork, says, — *' The memory of the lime-ivhite mansions his right hand hath laid in ruins, warms the hero's
* Keetc Countess of Thomond. — The habit of calling women by their maiden names after marriage prevails to some extent in Ireland even to the present day.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 121

Brehon fee scale recorded at Waterford

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1557

A presentment at Waterford records that a brehon appointed by Lady Katherine Poer charged 16d. of every mark sterling from both plaintiff and defendant as his judgment fee. The text calculates this at 2s. 6d. in the pound, noting it would amount to a large sum over a year.

Read the passage

The fees of brehons were regulated by scale, though they sometimes deviated from it. They were paid by both plaintiff and defendant. We discover, from a presentment made at Waterford, that the " Brehon, who was ordained by Lady Katherine Poer, took for his judgment (called eylegeag) 16d. of every mark sterling both of the plaintiff and defendant."
This would be 2s. Od. in the pound in money transactions, and would amount to a large sum in the year. But if this covered all the expenses of plaintiff and defendant, they had cause to bless their stars.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 25

Carew Castle at Downemarke near Bantry Abbey

Bantry · town · Cork · 1602

The army drew to Carew Castle, built by the Lord President's ancestors and called Downemarke by the Irish, situated two miles from the Abbey of Bantry. They camped there to annoy the rebels and await shipping with provisions and ordnance.

Read the passage

He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's
* The Council beyond and here.— The English and Irish Council.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Bantry, on the 30th of April 1602 an army drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's ancestors and called Downemarke by the Irish, two miles from the Abbey of Bantry. They camped there to annoy the rebels and await shipping with provisions and ordnance. The force had left Cork on the 20th, feeble and weak, against the advice of friends, and marched through Kinsale, Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castlehaven, and Baltimore to reach this point.

Carew's army encamps near Kilcoe Castle held by O'Driscoll

Kilcoe · townland · Cork · 1602

On 29 April, Carew's army encamped on a mountain near Kilcoe Castle, where Conoghor O'Driscoll, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, held a garrison ward. The next day the army moved to Carew Castle near Bantry.

Read the passage

He left Cork, feeble and weak, much against the advice of his friends, on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneboy — Awnbuidhe — near Kinsale, where Tyrone received the great overthrow ; the 24th, he marched to Timoleague, where he executed three rebels ; the 25th, to Rosscarbery ; the 26th, over the Leap to Castlehaven; the 27th, to Baltimore; the 29th, they encamped on a mountain near " Kilcoa, being a castle wherein the rebel Conoghor, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward; the 30th, the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord President's
* The Council beyond and here.— The English and Irish Council.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 178

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on 29 April 1602, Carew's army encamped on a mountain near Kilcoe Castle. The castle was held by Conoghor O'Driscoll, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, described as a rebel keeping a garrison ward there. Carew had left Cork on the 20th, weak and against the advice of his friends, marching through Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castlehaven and Baltimore to reach this point. The very next day, the 30th, the army dislodged and moved on to Carew Castle near Bantry.

Cork burned and plundered

Cork · city · Cork · 913

The city of Cork was repeatedly attacked by Danish fleets, including an assault in 913 when the city was burned and plundered, leading to widespread devastation in Munster.

Read the passage

"A.D. 913. — Cork was this year burned and plundered by the Danes, who, in the year 915, also laid waste the greatest part of Munster. The following year they were defeated by the Munster men, in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes, on their side, vanquished the Irish. A.D. 918. — The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, [Scotland,] where they committed great ravages. A.D. 960. — The

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 8

Cork corporation seeks confirmation of grants and liberties

Cork · city · Cork · 1547

The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork wrote to the new Lord Deputy after the accession of Edward VI, sending John Coppinger to the king to procure confirmation of their grants and liberties.

Read the passage

WE have a new king and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger has been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham. The principal magistrates of the principal towns, send letters and addresses. The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork write to say, they have sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties; the mayor, bailiffs, and council of Youghal, that they have captured a pirate, named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats, and wish to know what they are to do with him ; the Sovereign and council of Kinsale, that all their men have died of pestilence — there was a great plague in the city of Cork this year — that they have a wide and empty town, few men, and naughty neighbours, that their haven is stopped by " eagle's pirates," and that one Richard Colle, or Colley, a pirate with a pinnace, has married Barry Oge's aunt, and lives in his castle, and will not suffer any one to come to the town. They request the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe,* Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy commanding them to take the king's coin.
* The Lor* Barry.— The Editor of the Calendar of Irish State Papers for 1509-1573 erroneously styles this Irish nobleman Lord Barrymore. David Lord Barry, Viscount of Buttevant, was created Earl of Barrymore, February 28, 1627. The title Baron Barry was conferred in 1420, and Viscount Buttevant in 1555.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 80

Defeat of the English at Meath, 1414

Meath · county · Meath · 1414

A great defeat was inflicted on the English at Meath, where the Baron of Ikreen and many nobles and commoners were slain. The son of the Baron of Ibane was taken prisoner, with a ransom of fourteen hundred marks obtained for his release.

Read the passage

keep their own; if we may style it their own. " A great defeat was given to the English at Meath, where the Baron of Ikreen, together with a great number of nobles and plebians, were slain ; and where the son of the Baron of Ibane was taken prisoner, for whose ransom fourteen hundred marks were obtained."
Those great defeats induced the king to strengthen the hands of the Anglo-Norman earls, by an importation of Saxons. He also sent over Sir John Stanley as deputy.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 30

Edward I murage charter for dilapidated Cork walls

Cork · city · Cork · 1303

Edward I granted two charters, and the latter, in the thirty-first year of his reign, enacted that murage should be collected by the bailiffs of the city for six years. The author concludes from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

Read the passage

Edward I. granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The last enacted that murage^ should be collected by the bailiffs of the city, for six years. We conclude from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.
In the charter of the llth of Edward II., the office of Mayor is, for the first time named. The next year, there was an enactment passed which abolished the necessity of the elected Mayor's going to Dublin, to be sworn in before the Barons of the Exchequer, his predecessor in office being authorised to receive the necessary oaths.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 45

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city's walls were in decay by 1303. Edward I granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The second enacted that murage should be collected by the bailiffs for six years, from which it is concluded that the city walls were dilapidated. In the eleventh year of Edward II, the office of Mayor is for the first time named. The next year an enactment abolished the necessity of the elected Mayor going to Dublin to be sworn in before the Barons of the Exchequer, his predecessor authorised to receive the necessary oaths.

Henry III charter grants Cork citizens toll exemption

Cork · city · Cork · 1216–1272

The earliest existing Cork corporation charter, that of Henry III, granted the citizens an exemption from toll and all other customs throughout the dominions for eighty marks annually, with prisage of wine, custom, and cocket within the jurisdiction of the port.

Read the passage

The earliest existing Cork or corporation charter is that of Henry III. This charter granted to the citizens, or rather let to them, for eighty marks annually, an exemption from toll and all other customs throughout his majesty's dominions, with prisage of wine, custom and cocket,* within the jurisdiction of the port.
Edward I. granted two charters, in the nineteenth and thirty-first years of his reign. The last enacted that murage^ should be collected by the bailiffs of the city, for six years. We conclude from this that the city walls were in a dilapidated state.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 45

Kilbrittan Castle, seat of the Lord of Carbery

near Kilbrittain · street · Cork

Kilbrittan Castle on the west coast of County Cork was the principal residence of Sir Donough Mac Carthy, Lord of Carbery and father of Florence Mac Carthy. Succession to the lordship followed the Gaelic law of tanistry rather than primogeniture.

Read the passage

Finian, Fineen, or Florence, who stood a head and shoulders above his brethren, and whose mental endowments and education qualified him for a far higher station than that of chieftain to an Irish sept, was the eldest son of Sir Donough Mac Carthy, Lord of Carbery, whose principal residence was Kilbrittan castle, on the west coast of the county Cork. Sir Donough
SIR THOMAS yOEEIs's LETTER. 285

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 129

Lord Deputy lodged at Bishop of Cork's house

Cork · city · Cork · 1602

In February 1602, during preparations for the embarkation of Spanish troops, Lord Deputy Mountjoy stayed at the Bishop of Cork's house in Cork city. Sir George Carew visited Mountjoy there to discuss intercepting letters from the King of Spain to the Spanish general.

Read the passage

DON JUAN having made all the necessary arrangements fqr- the embarkation of his troops, went with the Deputy and the Lord President to Cork. The Lord Deputy lodged in the Bishop of Cork's house,* Don Juan in the city, and the President at Shandon Castle.
It is the 10th of February. Don Juan is busy making preparations to embark, when the president hears that a Spanish pinnace has arrived in some western port, with letters from the King of Spain to the Spanish general. Sir George Carew posts off to the bishop's house to the deputy, and asks him if he has a desire to know the nature of the correspondence. It may be commanding Don Juan to remain. Mountjoy says his heart is itching to have the letters in his hands, and prays the Lord President to intercept them, if he can " handsomely doe it."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 171

Muskerry territory and lords' exemption from MacCarthy More

near Muskerry · street · Cork

The country of Muskerry was a large territory containing five other countries. The Earle of Clancare claimed thirty galloglass and rising-out from it, but its lords had exempted themselves by taking letters patent from the Kings of England.

Read the passage

"The Seconde — The countrey of Muskerie, a very large countrey, wherein five other countreis are conteyned; he claymeth of them risinge out, the keapinge of thirtie galleglass, and findinge of him for a certen tyme. The Lordes of this countrey, by taking L"* Patents of the Kings of England, have exempted themsealves from him, as they aflynne.
"The Third countrey is O'Sullivan Moore's. It conteyneth two hundred ploughlandes. He claymeth there the geavinge of the Rodd, the findinge of Fiftie Gallyglasses, Risinge out, and in yearely spendinge the value of £20.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala

Myles de Courcy builds castles and slays Mac Carthy

Ringrone · townland · Cork · 1223

Myles de Courcy, created Baron of Kinsale in 1223, married a De Cogan and built a castle near the Old Head of Kinsale and another at Ringrone. At Ringrone, he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin (Ringrone) Mac Carthy.

Read the passage

De Courcy left issue by his wife, Africa, the daughter of Godfrey, king of the Isle of Man, Myles de Courcy, who was created Baron of Kinsale the 29th of May, 1223. This Myles married a De Cogan, built a castle near the old Head of Kinsale, and another at Ringrone, where he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin, or Eingrone Mac Carthy.
40 HISTOET OF COKK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 19

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Ringrone, Myles de Courcy built a castle. He had been made Baron of Kinsale on the 29th of May, 1223. He married a De Cogan, and here at Ringrone, he and De Cogan slew Keann Eoin, or Ringrone Mac Carthy.

Perkin Warbeck's third arrival in Cork (July 1497)

Cork · city · Cork · 1497

Perkin Warbeck arrived in Cork for the third time in July 1497, after a sojourn in Scotland. He was joined there by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln, and together they proceeded to besiege Waterford.

Read the passage

He arrived in Cork in July, 1497, and was joined by the Earl of Desmond and the Duke of Lincoln in the siege of Waterford. The account of this siege is thus recorded in Doctor Ryland's History of Walerford: —
"In the year 1497, it was again the good fortune of the citizens of Waterford to manifest their loyalty to the king ; for which, among other honours, they received the following motto — l Intacta manet Waterfordia.' On this occasion they communicated to his majerty the intelligence of the arrival of Perkin Warbeck at Cork, and assured him of their loyalty and affection.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 43

President journeys to view Castlepark at Kinsale

Castlepark · street · Cork

The president travelled to Kinsale to view Castlepark, which had been in the possession of the Spaniards, in order to avoid suspicion while plans were laid to arrest the Lord of Muskerry and seize Blarney Castle.

Read the passage

On these depositions it is privately resolved that the Lord of Muskerry be arrested, and that his strong castle of Blarney be seized. In order to avoid suspicion, the president takes a journey to Kinsale, to view Castle Park, which had been in the possession of the Spaniards, and gives instructions that Sir Charles Wilmot, Captain Eoger Harvey, a serjeant, and fourand-twenty foot, "should make a shew of going to hunt a buck " in the neighbourhood of Blarney ; and being hot and weary with the chase, call at the castle on their return, and ask for "wine and usquebagh, whereof Irish gentlemen are seldom disfurnished." The hunting party call. The dogs are baying, and the bugles sounding round the bawn, but whether it was that the dragoons did not manage their horses like huntsmen, or that they overdid the thing, the warders on the wall were suspicious, and refused to open the gates. Sir Charles Wilmot may ride round the moat, and admire the "maine rock"* on which the castle stands, and praise its exterior, as the fox did the shining feathers of the crow, and " much importune to see the romey within," but the warders shake their heads. Neither Sir Charles, nor one of his people,
* Maine rock. — " His castle of Blarney is one of the largest and strongest castles in the province of Munster, for its fower piles, joyned in one, seated upon a maine rock, so that it is free from niyning ; the wall eighteene foot thick, arul well flanked at each corner to the test advantage." — Pac. fij'6., p. 598.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 185

Spanish soldiers evacuated from Kinsale to Spain

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1602

On 20 February 1602, the wind changed and 1374 Spanish soldiers set sail from Kinsale to Spain. Don Juan de Aquila embarked at Kinsale on 8 March and sailed on 16 March, completing the Spanish withdrawal after the defeat at Kinsale.

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The wind changes on the '20th of February, and 1374 soldiers set sail from Kinsale to Spain. Don Juan embarked at Kinsale on the 8th of March, an<l sailed on the 16th. The lord deputy, writing to the English council, says, "Don Juan and all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale, on Tuesday, the 16th, and that the wind since hath served so well, as we assure ourselves, by this, they are near the coast of Spain." The following letter announces his arrival, and his high opinion of Carew, notwithstanding the theft of the dispatches : —
"A letter from DON JUAN DE AQUILA to the LOBD PRESIDENT.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 175

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Kinsale, this is where the last Spanish soldiers left Ireland after their defeat here. On 20 February 1602 the wind changed and 1374 soldiers set sail from Kinsale for Spain. Don Juan de Aquila embarked at Kinsale on 8 March and sailed on 16 March. The lord deputy wrote to the English council that Don Juan and all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale on Tuesday the 16th, and that the wind since had served so well that they assured themselves by then the Spaniards were near the coast of Spain. A letter followed announcing Don Juan's arrival, in which he expressed a high opinion of Carew, despite the theft of the dispatches.

William Barry founded priory at Buttevant

Buttevant · town · Cork · 1231

William Barry, whose war cry 'Boutez-en-avant' gave Buttevant its name, founded the priory of Ballibeg for St. Austin Canons. The revenues of the priory were enlarged by his son David in 1231.

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William Barry, whose war cry, " Boutez-en-avant," gave name to Buttevaot, founded the priory of Ballibeg, for St. Austin Canons, the revenues of which were enlarged by his son David, in 1231.
King John also made royal grants to Adam de Rape, or Roche, to Richard de Cogan, to Robert Fitz- Martin, and to Henry and Maurice Fitz-Philip, who were brothers,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 15

Dromana: Fitzgerald seat on the Blackwater

Dromana · townland · Waterford

Dromana, on the northern bank of the Blackwater in the Decies country, was the residence of Sir John Fitzgerald, father of the old Countess of Desmond. At the time of writing, Lord Stuart de Decies's residence occupied the site and incorporated the old castle; the demesne and river scenery were described as exceptionally beautiful.

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• Dromona, the residence of Sir John Fitzgerald, the father of the old Countess of Desmond. It is in the Decies country, on the northern hank of the Elackwater. The present residence of Lord Stuart de Decies is on the site, and incorporated with the old castle. Nothing can be more beautiful than the demesne and the land up and down the river.
193

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 92

MacCarthy destroys castle of Kilfeakle

Kilfeacle · townland · Laois

MacCarthy destroyed the castle of Kilfeakle, slew many of the English, and took two of their chiefs prisoner. This was part of his campaign against the English presence in the region.

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Diarmaid Mac Carthy was succeeded by his son Donnell, who slew his own brother, Cathal Odhor. He then turned his sword against Donnell More O'Brien, who had aided the English in the erection of castles, "for the purpose of distressing the Mac Carthy." This Donnell O'Brien is styled in the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, " a beaming lamp in peace and war, and a brilliant star of the hospitality and valor of the Momonians." He was succeeded by Murtough, who commenced his reign by uniting his forces with those of 0' Conor of Connaught, in aiding Mac Carthy to drive the English out of Cork, without permitting them to fire the city, which they attempted, Mac Carthy at this time destroyed the castle of Kilfeakle, and slew many of the English, taking two of their chiefs prisoners. He also plundered the territory

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 12

Desmond's body hung in chains at Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1583

After the Earl of Desmond was slain at Glanageenty in November 1583, the Earl of Ormond sent for the head and appointed the body to be hung up in chains at Cork, while the pickled head was forwarded to Queen Elizabeth.

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1 1th of this month at night, assaulted the Earl in his cabin, in a place called Glanageenty, near the river of the Mang, and slew him, whose, head I have sent for, and appointed his body to be hung up in chains at Cork.
"Tnos. OBMOND ET Oss."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 120

Earl of Desmond seeks Dungarvan and Youghal prize wines

Dungarvan · town · Waterford · 1558–1561

Gerald, newly admitted to the Earldom of Desmond, sought the manor of Dungarvan and the prize wines of Youghal, and disputed with his step-son the young Earl of Ormond over property rights in County Waterford. This contention between the two earls caused the Lord Lieutenant to inform the Privy Council that speedy order should be taken for their reformation.

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Gerald, the second son of James, has taken the oath of allegiance, and has been admitted to the Earldom of Desmond.* He gets a confirmation of the Eegalities of Kerry, to procure which his father offered to entertain the judges ; but this does not satisfy him ; he seeks the manor of Dungarvan, and the prize wines of Youghal, and disputes with his step-son, j* the young Earl of Ormond, the right to some property in the county Waterford. The Lord Lieutenant informs the Privy Council of " a contention between the Earls of Desmond and Ormond," and adds, that some speedy order should be taken for their reformation. This contention did not cease till this step-son, known afterwards as the Black Earl of Ormond, sent the gory head of the Earl of Desmond, "pickled in a pipkin," to the queen. But the two men are well matched ; Munster was not wide enough to contain them both. Desmond appears to have been the first assailant.
* Admitted to the earldom.— The document is dated 5th and 6th of Philip and Mary, for the news of Elizabeth's accession had not reached Ireland. It was to Wary, and not to Elizabeth, that this great Catholic and rebel lord swore allegiance.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 88

Great plague strikes the city of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1547

A great plague afflicted the city of Cork in 1547, the same year that Kinsale reported its population devastated by pestilence, reflecting widespread disease across the region.

Read the passage

WE have a new king and a new Lord Deputy. St. Leger has been superseded by Sir Edward Bellingham. The principal magistrates of the principal towns, send letters and addresses. The mayor, bailiffs, and council of Cork write to say, they have sent John Coppinger to the king to procure the confirmation of their grants and liberties; the mayor, bailiffs, and council of Youghal, that they have captured a pirate, named Smith, who had plundered their fishing boats, and wish to know what they are to do with him ; the Sovereign and council of Kinsale, that all their men have died of pestilence — there was a great plague in the city of Cork this year — that they have a wide and empty town, few men, and naughty neighbours, that their haven is stopped by " eagle's pirates," and that one Richard Colle, or Colley, a pirate with a pinnace, has married Barry Oge's aunt, and lives in his castle, and will not suffer any one to come to the town. They request the Deputy to send letters to Mac Carthy Reagh, Barry Roe,* Barry Oge, and Lord de Courcy commanding them to take the king's coin.
* The Lor* Barry.— The Editor of the Calendar of Irish State Papers for 1509-1573 erroneously styles this Irish nobleman Lord Barrymore. David Lord Barry, Viscount of Buttevant, was created Earl of Barrymore, February 28, 1627. The title Baron Barry was conferred in 1420, and Viscount Buttevant in 1555.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 80

John Power withholds Carrigyus and Keylme lands

Doneraile · townland · Cork

John Power of Doneraile withheld a ploughland and a half of Carrigyus and Keylme Enyth, containing about 300 acres, from Sylvanus Spencer, with no abatement of rent granted for those lands.

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The Inquisition goes on to say, that " The said Jurors doe finde that the two ploughlandes, called Ballyellish Ardgilbert and Ardadame, containing VI. c. [600] acres of land, or thereabouts, part of the seignory of Kilcolemane, were evicted by Nicholas Shy name from the said Edmond Spencer, before Sr Thomas Norreis, Knight ; Sr Robert Gardener, Knight, and other Commissioners for the Proyifice of Munster. And that upon the said order an abatement of the rente hath been given to Sylvanus Spencer, viz. : — £VI Vis. VHId. The said Jurors doe also finde that John Power, of Doneraile, doth withholde the ploughlande and half of Carrigyus and Keylme Enyth, containing ccc. acres of lande, or thereabouts, from the said Sylvanus Spencer, by what title we know not ; and we also finde that the said Sylvanus Spencer hath noe abatement of rent for the said ccc. acres of lande."
Sylvanus Spenser married the eldest daughter of David Nagle,* of Monanimy, in the barony of Fermoy, and county of Cork, by his wife Ellen Eoche, daughter of William Koche, of Ballyhowly. Sylvanus died in 1638.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 140

Pelham elected Lord Justice at Christ Church, Dublin

Dublin · city · Dublin · 1579

Sir William Pelham was elected by the Irish council as Lord Justice on 11 October 1579 in Christ Church, Dublin. The Earl of Ormond returned to Ireland the same week and was elected governor of Munster.

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He was succeeded by Sir William Pelham, who was elected by the Irish council* on the llth of October, 1579, in Christ Church, Dublin. Pelham is described by the Four Masters as " a gentleman of the queen's people, who had come from England that very week." The Earl of Ormond returned to Ireland the same week, after a sojourn in England of three years. Ware informs us that Ormond was, at this time, elected governor of Munster, and Sir Warham St. Leger provost-marshal, Ormond was unleashed when Desmond broke cover, and he held on his track, and was in at the death.
Captain Malby, who was left in command by Drury, followed the Geraldines to Askeaton, and overtook them at Monaster-Neva,f about five miles to the northwest of Bruff. We learn from the Four Masters that the Irish forces were routed, with the loss of Thomas, son of John Oge, and that " great spoils, consisting of weapons and military attire," were left on the field. Leland, who had the English and Irish accounts of the battle before him, gives us the following, which appears the most circumstantial: —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 112

Sir William Drury stationed in Cork during invasion

Cork · city · Cork · 1579

Sir William Drury was in Cork at the time of Fitzmaurice's landing and should have gone in person to oppose the foreigners. Instead he sent Henry Davells and Arthur Carter with commands to the Earl of Desmond to besiege and raze the fort at Smerwick.

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The first operation of the invaders was to raise a fort on the peninsula, where they lauded ; which was duly consecrated. Sir William Drury, who was at this time in " Great Cork of Muuster," and who should have gone in person to oppose the foreigners, sent Henry Davells, the constable of Dungarvan, and Arthur Carter, the provost-marshal of Minister, with commands to the Earl of Desmond to besiege and
• Tres zdlepow In cause catholique. — " Ce saint homme epuise par la fatigue et par la chagrin de voir triompher 1'impiete, mourut d'une flux de sang, dans uu bois, ou il manquoit de tout secours, exeepte le spirituel, qui ltd fut admiuistre par (.'orneille, Eveque de Killalow, qui ne le quitta, qu'a la inort." — Mugceghegan Hist, Irelanap, torn, iii., p. 448.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 110

Youghal mayor and council seek royal military aid

Youghal · town · Cork

The mayor and council of Youghal wrote to the king declaring themselves loyal subjects and recounting their efforts in defending the town against enemies. They requested ordinance and power from the crown, stating they had enough men to hold the walls but lacked artillery and supplies.

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" He also delivered me a letter sent unto your highness from the mayor and counsil of your town of Youghal, in your said land ; the effects of which consisteth, that they declare themselves to be your true subjects, and the great pains they have taken in defence of your said town against your enemies, making humble requests that your grace would send to them some ordinance and power ; for they think themselves sufficiently furnished with men to keep the walls of your said town."
'William Cowley, writing to R. Cowley shortly after, says, " Last week, Sir John of Desmond came to

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 63

Adam de Roche granted cantred of Rosscarbery

Ross Carbery · town · Cork

King John granted the cantred of Ross-ailither, meaning 'Wood of the Pilgrims' and now Rosscarbery, to Adam de Rupe (Roche) by the service of five knights. The district, described in the life of Saint Fachtna as being in the southern part of Ireland near the sea, was originally held by the O'Learys, O'Heas, O'Flynns, and O'Deasys.

Read the passage

" To Adam de Rupe, (or Roch,) the cantred of Rosseli£rir, with its appurtenances, save the demenses of the bishop of that see, by the service of five knights." Ros-ailither, the *' Wood of the Pilgrims," now Rosscarbery, is described in the life of Saint Fachtna, the patron of the district,* as in australi Hibcrnice parte, juxta mare, "in the southern part of Ireland, near the sea."
The O'Learys, the O'Heas, the O'Flynns, and the O'Deasys, were the original proprietors of the district. These names prevail in this part of the country to the present day. The Right Honorable Kickard Deasy, of Clonakilty, our present respected Attorney-general, is a descendent of the Deasys of Rosscarbery and Ibaune. We could also point to numerous instances in which the old Gorman and Celtic blood have been united.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

Coming up along Ross Carbery now. King John granted this cantred to Adam de Roche by the service of five knights. The old Irish name, Ros-ailither, means Wood of the Pilgrims, and the life of Saint Fachtna describes it as in the southern part of Ireland, near the sea. Before the grant, the O'Learys, the O'Heas, the O'Flynns, and the O'Deasys held this district. Those names still prevail here today.

Blarney Castle described as largest and strongest in Munster

near Blarney · townland · Cork

Blarney Castle is described as one of the largest and strongest castles in Munster, with four piles joined in one, seated upon a main rock so that it is free from mining. Its walls were eighteen feet thick and well flanked at each corner.

Read the passage

* Maine rock. — " His castle of Blarney is one of the largest and strongest castles in the province of Munster, for its fower piles, joyned in one, seated upon a maine rock, so that it is free from niyning ; the wall eighteene foot thick, arul well flanked at each corner to the test advantage." — Pac. fij'6., p. 598.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 185

Carrigaline castle built by the De Cogans

Carrigaline · town · Cork

The De Cogans built the castle of Carrigaline in the cantred of Muscrie O'Mullane. Its picturesque ruins remain to the present day, contradicting earlier writers such as Smith who claimed the castle was entirely demolished.

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The De Cogans built the castle of Carrigaline in this district, the picturesque ruinsf of which remain to the present day. Part of the lands in this neighbourhood, as Ballybricken, Fort Prospect, Einnaskiddy, Corabinny, and Coolmore (which form a peninsula), were called in old manuscripts the Long-a-Gowgon, " the ship of Cogan." In the parish of Barnahealy are the ruins of an old castle of the De Cogans, incorporated with a modern structure called Warren's Court. Above a door- way of cut stone we have an effigy of a knight, perhaps Richard or Milo himself ; and near by is the grave-yard of Barnahealy, where tradition has buried the elder knight ; but this, we think, is a mistake, for Milo de Cogan fell at Lismore. There was a
* Knights' fees varied in value and extent of land. They sometimes consisted of 800, and sometimes of 680 acres ; estimated at £15, sometimes at £20, and in later times at £40 a year.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc01gibsiala, Chapter 15

The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 1)

The stories, best first

Death of the Bishop of Cork and suit for the see

Dominick Collins hanged at Youghal

Lord Deputy ordered to survey Cork coast for fortification

MacCarthy Reagh submits at Kinsale

O'Brien of Thomond's attempted conquest of Munster, 1381

Rebels destroy Kilmallock

Seizure of Mac Egan's papers in Cork

Sylvanus Spencer marries into Nagle family of Monanimy

Barioge, captain of Kinalea

Cape Clear plundered by Danes

Carew's instructions to Earl of Thomond for Bear campaign

Countess of Thomond buried at Ennis monastery

First Earl of Desmond buried at Dominican Abbey, Tralee

James I charter creates county of the city of Cork

James of Desmond pledges to defend the king's cities

O'Sullivan Beare retreats from Dunboy into Beara wilds

Pelham requests fleet for the coast of Kerry

Philip de Broase received at Cork, 1179

Sir John of Desmond's body hung in chains at Cork

Sir Warham St. Leger killed near Cork

St. Leger reports mint's bullion shortage from Cork, 1551

Troops land on Bere Island for siege of Dunboy

Warbeck's fleet at Passage East

Croft recommends fortifying Cork, Kinsale and Baltimore

English driven from Cork, city threatened with fire

Inquisition at Mallow regarding Spenser lands (1611)

Maurice Duv killed taking a prey in Muskerry

Siege of Waterford by Warbeck, Desmond, and Lincoln (1497)

Spanish letters on the defeat before Kinsale and ongoing siege

Teige Mac Cormac writes from Carrig-a-pooka seeking pardon

Wellesley made Bishop of Kildare, retaining Conall priory

Hugh Maguire slays Sir Warham St. Leger near Cork

Brehon fee scale recorded at Waterford

Carew Castle at Downemarke near Bantry Abbey

Carew's army encamps near Kilcoe Castle held by O'Driscoll

Cork burned and plundered

Cork corporation seeks confirmation of grants and liberties

Defeat of the English at Meath, 1414

Edward I murage charter for dilapidated Cork walls

Henry III charter grants Cork citizens toll exemption

Kilbrittan Castle, seat of the Lord of Carbery

Lord Deputy lodged at Bishop of Cork's house

Muskerry territory and lords' exemption from MacCarthy More

Myles de Courcy builds castles and slays Mac Carthy

Perkin Warbeck's third arrival in Cork (July 1497)

President journeys to view Castlepark at Kinsale

Spanish soldiers evacuated from Kinsale to Spain

William Barry founded priory at Buttevant

Dromana: Fitzgerald seat on the Blackwater

MacCarthy destroys castle of Kilfeakle

Desmond's body hung in chains at Cork

Earl of Desmond seeks Dungarvan and Youghal prize wines

Great plague strikes the city of Cork

John Power withholds Carrigyus and Keylme lands

Pelham elected Lord Justice at Christ Church, Dublin

Sir William Drury stationed in Cork during invasion

Youghal mayor and council seek royal military aid

Adam de Roche granted cantred of Rosscarbery

Blarney Castle described as largest and strongest in Munster

Carrigaline castle built by the De Cogans