The History, Topography and Antiquities of the County and City of Waterford

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Bishop of Waterford's protest against the Union

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1800

   The inhabitants of Waterford were largely opposed to the Act of Union; the Bishop of Waterford objected so strongly that he entered his formal protest against it on the journals of the Irish House of Lords.

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   taining five hundred signatures to the address in favour of it; and many of these, as was afterwards proved by the parties themselves, were forgeries. The Union was also opposed by the representatives of the city in parliament ; and so strongly did the Bishop of Waterford object to that arrangement, that he entered his protest against it on the journals of the Irish House of Lords.

   The early part of this century brought with it new classes of disturbers, known by the designations of Caravats and Shanavests, who were particularly active in Tipperary, Waterford, and other parts of the south of Ireland. A violent animosity subsisted between these two parties, the cause of which has not been very satisfactorily accounted for; but their actions were similar, so far as assembling in arms by night, administring unlawful oaths, and using every possible exertion for the attainment of their illegal demands. The following extract from a report of a trial which took place before a special commission at Clonmel, in the year 1811, will give the reader some explanation of the names by which these formidable factions were distinguished.

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 48

2. Dromana Castle ruined after 1641 rebellion

   Dromana · townland · Waterford · 1641–1650

   Dromana Castle was involved in the rebellion of 1641 and was afterwards taken by Cromwell's soldiers, who likely reduced it to its present ruinous state.

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   in the rebellion of 1641 : it was afterwards taken by Cromwell's soldiers, and probably it was by them reduced to the ruinous state in which it now appears. Dromana, in the parish of Affane, is one of the most magnificent demesnes in Ireland, and when we consider its historical associations, or its natural beauties, is deserving of some particular notice. The Lords of Decies, the ancient proprietors of Dromana, derived their descent from James, the seventh Earl of Desmond. In 1561, a descendant of this nobleman was created Baron of Dromany and Viscount Desses, and dying without issue, his possessions, but not his titles, descended to his brother Sir James Fitzgerald, who removed from Cappagh to Dromana, where he died in December, 1581.

   It was a son of this Lord of Decies who received Sir Walter Raleigh, when he retired from active life to improve his estates in Ireland. It is said that Raleigh first introduced the potatoe, and a fine species of cherry which he brought from the Canary Islands. According to the very interesting account of Raleigh in " Researches in the South of Ireland," it appears that the potatoe was first planted in Youghal : the cherry was domesticated in the neighbourhood of Dromana, where it has continued to flourish to the present time, and is still in high estimation. The value of the cherry is still undisputed ; the other importation may be considered as an advantage or a curse to the x2

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 135

3. Duke of Devonshire's improvements and charities at Lismore

   Lismore · townland · Waterford · 1775

   The Duke of Devonshire built a bridge in 1775, a sessions-house, gaol, and inn, and supported six almshouses founded by the first Earl of Cork for decayed Protestant soldiers, plus poor schools for boys and girls.

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   years, and is thus represented about the middle of the last century. Since that time, the Duke of Devonshire has expended large sums in improving and beautifying the tow^n and precincts of Lismore, and, by the greatest liberality to his tenantry, has entirely removed all the grounds of complaint taken notice of by Wakefield and other writers. The bridge, which was built at the sole expense of the late Duke of Devonshire, in 1775, is one hundred feet in the span of the arch. The present Duke has erected a most convenient sessions-house and gaol, a commodious inn and offices, and contributes largely to all the charitable institutions. There are six alms-houses at Lismore founded by the first Earl of Cork, for decayed Protestant soldiers, with an annual stipend for each. There are also extensive poor schools, one for boys and another for girls, built and supported by the Duke of Devonshire, but placed under the inspection of the Hibernian School Society, who add a donation to the master and mistress. The classical school at Lismore, originally endowed by the first Lord Cork, has been much enlarged and improved by the present Duke. A new school-room has been built ; and an extensive play-ground and garden inclosed, with a ball-court, &c. have been added. The establishment is now under the management of the Rev. Mr. Stokes. The Duke of Devon-

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 151

4. Duke of Ormond's rapid journey to Waterford, 1633

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1633

   The Duke of Ormond arrived in Waterford in September 1633 after an extraordinarily fast journey, having left London on Saturday morning and arriving in Waterford by Monday morning.

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   The Duke of Ormond arrived in Waterford in September of this year (1633), after a most expeditious journey. His biographer mentions, that he left London on a Saturday at four in the morning— arrived at Bristol that evening — sailed from thence on Sunday at nine o'clock, and arrived in Waterford the same hour the following morning.

   No language can sufficiently describe the deplorable situation of the church at this period : several of the bishoprics (among others that of Waterford) were reduced as low as £50 a year; and the stipends of some of the vicarages were only sixteen shillings per annum ! It was the practice of the times to revile the clergy, and no exertion was left untried to render episcopacy odious.

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 31

5. Earl of Cork Builds Four New Plantation Towns

   Bandon · town · Cork

   The Earl of Cork built four incorporate and market towns which had been waste places without habitations, planting them with English Protestant inhabitants: Tallow with a new church, sessions-house, market-house and prison; Lismore with its re-edified cathedral chancel; Cloughnakilty with a new church; and Bandonbridge with fortified walls and towers.

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   Bandonbridge, which twenty years past was a great many woods, he hath now made an English towne there, and hath built two fair new churches two sessions-houses, two market-houses, and a strong prison in the same, and compasses the town round about with a strong wall of lime and stone, it being of a far greater length, strength, and circuit than the city of Corke is, and hath fortified the town wall with six turrets and three strong large castles, and furnished them with ordnance, and fully inhabited it all with English Protestants and tradesmen, to the great strength and comfort of all the western parts of Munster, all these four new corporations send two burgesses apiece to Parliament, all Protestants.

   He hath built and erected thirteen new castles in and upon the streights of his seigniories and English plantations, viz. one at Ballinetry, one at Corneveagh, one at the Parke, one at Inchiquin, one at Ballyknock, one at Agharnin, one at Shane, one at Ballyduff, one at Corbegh, one at Ballygarron, one at Ballyin, one at Cappoquin, one at Innesheane, besides the three castles at Lismore, and the great strengths there and at Youghal, all of his buildings, which are large and fit for garrisons, to command and secure all those parts of the country.

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla

6. Henry II received at Lismore by Munster nobles

   Lismore · townland · Waterford · 1171

   Henry II proceeded to Lismore, where he was met by the nobles and chief men of Munster, who along with Irish clergy acknowledged their allegiance to him.

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   Henry proceeded to Lismore, where he was waited on by the nobles and chief men of Munster. The archbishops, bishops, and abbots of Ireland, also acknowledged their allegiance to him, and gave him charters, confirming the kingdom of Ireland to him and his heirs for ever. In return for this obsequiousness, the monarch conferred upon them the benefits of the laws of England ; a boon which, historians assure us, was gratefully accepted and established by the sanction of an oath. The dominion acquired by conquest, and by compact with the original adventurers, Henry endeavoured to consolidate, by imparting to his new subjects advantages which the people of other places did not enjoy. To the Ostmen of Waterford he granted many rights and privileges, which were afterwards confirmed to them by succeeding monarchs; they were considered as free subjects of England, and entitled to the benefits and protection of her laws. After a sojourn of about six months, Henry prepared to return to England ; intelligence of the greatest importance required his immediate presence, and compelled him to relinquish the measures which he had adopted, for the tranquillization of his newly acquired dominion. Previous to his departure, Waterford was entrusted to the care of three of his chosen supporters ; lands in its neighbourhood were assigned for the maintenance of knights and soldiers, and every precaution was taken, which might be

   14 IIISTOlllCAL SKETCH.

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 5

7. Living frogs found at 36 feet in limestone near Dungarvan

   Dungarvan · townland · Waterford

   Workmen sinking for water in limestone at the glebe of the Rev. Mr. Dickson, near Dungarvan, discovered living frogs at a depth of thirty-six feet in what appeared to be solid rock with no passage for entry.

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   The limestone enters into this county at the western boundary, and, extending towards the east and south, terminates near Clonea, within a few miles of Dungarvan. Wakefield is incorrect in saying that there is no lime in this county east of the Blackwater : lime is found in abundance at Lismore, at Saltibridge, and at Dungarvan, at the north, south, east, and west of the river. The workmen employed to sink for water in the limestone at the glebe of the Rev. Mr. Dickson, near Dungarvan, discovered, at the depth of thirty-six feet, large quantities of living, frogs : the rock appeared to be a solid mass, without any passage through which the animals could be supposed to have entered.

   There are some remarkable caves in the limestone district, as is generally the case where this rock prevails. At Shandon is one of considerable extent, and another at Colligan. In the parish of Whitechurch are two immense caverns, situated near each other ; one of them, called Oon-a-glour, is of great size, and is divided into two chambers. In the inner one may be seen a small stream, which sinks under ground at Ballinacourty, and after passing through this cave, is seen again

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 137

8. Quakers Shipped from Passage to Bristol

   Passage East · townland · Waterford

   An order from the lord deputy and council directed that persons resorting to Waterford under the name of Quakers be apprehended and shipped away from Waterford or Passage to Bristol.

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   their homes, under circumstances of the greatest cruelty. The principle upon which this was done, was afterwards followed by other severe enactments: it was ordered, " that no papist be permitted to trade in the city of Waterford, within or without doors." And in the following year an order was issued by the lord deputy and council, " that the governor. Colonel Leigh, and the justices of the peace at Waterford, do apprehend forthwith all persons who resort there, under the name of quakers ; that they be shipped away from Waterford or Passage to Bristol, and be committed to the care of that city, or other chief magistrates of that place, or other convenient places to which they are sent, in order to their being sent to their respective places of abode ; and that they be required to live soberly and peaceably, and make honest and due provision for themselves and their families, according to their respective callings." We now look back with astonishment at these injudicious and intolerant enactments, prejudicial to the interests, as they were disgraceful to the understandings and hearts of those who adopted them : and while we reflect upon the fortunate results of a more generous and enlightened policy, we may indulge a becoming pride in the improved feeling which has arisen from the experience of little more than a century.

   The restoration of Charles II., which was eagerly anticipated as a remedy for all the gricv-

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 39

9. Rebel Army Musters and Retreats Near Cappoquin, July 1643

   Cappoquin · town · Waterford · 1643

   In July 1643 the rebel Lieutenant General Purcell reinforced his army to 7,000 foot and 900 horse near Cappoquin, wasting and spoiling the country for four days, but achieved nothing of consequence before removing at night before Lismore castle.

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   " 1643, July 10. This day the rebel Lieutenant General Purcell, commanding again in chief, in revenge of his former defeat received at Cappoquin, reinforced his army to 7,000 foot and 900 horse, with three pieces of ordnance, and drew again near to Cappoquin, and there continued four days, wasting and spoiling the country round about, but attempted nothing of any consequence. And when the 22d at night, that the Lord Viscount Muskrie came to the Irish army with some addition of new forces, they removed from Cappoquin in the night, before my castle of Lismore, and on Sunday morning the 23d July, 1643, they began their battery from the church to the east of Lismore-house, and made a breach into my own house, which Captain Broadripp and my warders, being about 150, repaired stronger with earth than it was before, and shot there till the Thursday the 27th, and never durst attempt to enter the breach, my ordnance and musket-shot from my castle did so apply them. Then they removed their battery to the south-west of my castle, and continued beating against my orchard-wall, but never adventured into my orchard, my shot from

   Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 146

10. Siege of Waterford begins, October 1649

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1649

    The siege of Waterford commenced on 3 October 1649 with Cromwell in person commanding the besieging army, having crossed the Suir at Carrick and marched along its southern bank.

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    yet at the time of Cromwell's approach, it was sufficiently protected by the batteries and works, with which it was almost surrounded. The siege commenced on the 3d of October, 1649; Cromwell, in person, commanded the besieging army.

    After crossing the Suir, at Carrick, the enemy marched along the southern bank of the river, and approached the town on the north-west, but were deterred by the fort on Thomas's hill from occupying the heights of Bilberry Rock, a commanding station then at a considerable distance from the city walls.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 34

11. Waterford Fever Hospital founded on John's Hill

    near John's Hill · street · Waterford · 1799–1817

    The Fever Hospital, established in 1799 as the first such institution in Ireland, began as a small house called the turret on John's Hill before the present building was erected on its site; during the fever outbreak of 1816-1817 there were frequently 500 patients.

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    here in 1799. This was the first institution of the kind in Ireland, and the second in the empire. Previous to the existence of this charity, the poor, residing in crowded and confined parts of the city, suffered severely from fever, and it is well ascertained, that many streets, lanes, and lodging houses were, for many years, never entirely free from it. Struck with the fatal effects of this dangerous malady, some benevolent individuals exerted themselves to restrain its progress, and from a very small beginning raised this charity to its present extent and importance. A small house, called the turret, on John's Hill, was first used as a fever hospital ; and when the funds increased, the present building, capable of accommodating 200 persons, was erected on its site.

    During the prevalence of fever in 1816 and 1817 there were frequently 500 patients in the hospital. The average number of persons in fever, even during the most healthy seasons, varies from twenty to fifty.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 82

12. Colbeck Street's castle gate and prison chamber

    Colbeck Street · street · Waterford

    Colbeck Street took its name from a gate and castle that opened into the cathedral churchyard, sometimes called St. Catherine's gate; here also stood the Chamber of Green Cloth, used to confine refractory citizens under the mayor's charter powers.

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    Colbeck Street derives its name from a gate and castle so called, which opened into the churchyard of the cathedral: the entrance at this place was intended as a private way to the bishop's residence and to the church, and from its contiguity to the abbey, was sometimes called St. Catherine's gate. Here was the chamber of Green Cloth, or the chamber of Water ford, some time used as a place of confinement for refractory citizens, when the mayor was in the habit of exercising the ample powers vested in him by the charter. In Peter's Street were two castles, called after their founders, Magnus and Tor, sons of Turgesius. Arundel's castle occupied the present square of that name : here was also a college of the Jesuits, but no traces of these buildings are now visible, with the exception of a small part of the ruins of the Jesuits' college, which may still be seen from the summit of the tower of the Blackfriars.

    Some years ago, there were several Danish semilunar towers on the walls ofWaterford; but of these, that at the end of what is called the Ramparts, is now the only one remaining. Old John's gate was also Danish.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 54

13. Doctor Downes forces charity funds to relieve Waterford's poor

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    Rev. Doctor Downes brought legal proceedings against the corporation of Waterford for shutting up a charitable house, obtaining a decree requiring the funds be used to relieve the sick and maimed poor. This led to the establishment of an infirmary and later a large hospital in the city suburbs accommodating four or five hundred persons.

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    shut up the house. The impropriety of this measure being- perceived, the Rev. Doctor Downes, an individual since well known for his extended charities, instituted legal proceedings, and at length obtained a decree requiring the corporation to employ the funds of the charity in relieving the sick and maimed poor. The first appropriation of the income was for the relief of fifty indigent persons, who received an annual allowance. An infirmary was subsequently established for their reception, and the property afterwards increasing, a magnificent hospital was erected in the suburbs of the city, capable of accommodating four or five hundred persons.

    The master of the hospital is appointed by the corporation, to whom he is accountable, and removable at the pleasure of that body ; as are also the medical attendants as well as the housekeeper and inferior attendants, who are appointed by the master, subject to the controul of the corporation.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 84

14. King William Visits Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1690

    After the surrender of Waterford, King William visited the city, leaving directions not to permit any unnecessary severity towards the inhabitants, before embarking for England on 5th September 1690.

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    Waterford continued faithful to James, even after he had abandoned all claim to the allegiance of the citizens and when there appeared scarcely a chance of his success. But serious opposition to the arms of the victorious party was fruitless, and therefore on the approach of a part of King William's troops, which marched from Carrick to Waterford, the citizens agreed to surrender, on condition that they should be allowed to enjoy their estates and the liberty of their religion, and that their forces, with their arms and ammunition, should be safely conveyed to the nearest garrison. These terms were refused, and orders given to bring down some heavy cannon and additional troops. The garrison then asked liberty to march out with their arms, and to have a safe convoy, which was granted them; and they were conducted, with their arms and baggage, to the town of Mallow. After the surrender of Waterford, King William went to visit it, and having left directions not to permit any unnecessary severity towards the inhabitants, embarked for England on the 5th of September, 1G90.

    We can easily imagine, that after the violent commotions produced by the rebellion, by Crom-

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 40

15. Lords of Decies at Dromana

    Dromana · townland · Waterford · 1561–1581

    The Lords of Decies, ancient proprietors of Dromana, descended from the Earl of Desmond; a descendant was created Baron of Dromana and Viscount Decies in 1561, with the estate passing to Sir James Fitzgerald who died there in 1581.

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    in the rebellion of 1641 : it was afterwards taken by Cromwell's soldiers, and probably it was by them reduced to the ruinous state in which it now appears. Dromana, in the parish of Affane, is one of the most magnificent demesnes in Ireland, and when we consider its historical associations, or its natural beauties, is deserving of some particular notice. The Lords of Decies, the ancient proprietors of Dromana, derived their descent from James, the seventh Earl of Desmond. In 1561, a descendant of this nobleman was created Baron of Dromany and Viscount Desses, and dying without issue, his possessions, but not his titles, descended to his brother Sir James Fitzgerald, who removed from Cappagh to Dromana, where he died in December, 1581.

    It was a son of this Lord of Decies who received Sir Walter Raleigh, when he retired from active life to improve his estates in Ireland. It is said that Raleigh first introduced the potatoe, and a fine species of cherry which he brought from the Canary Islands. According to the very interesting account of Raleigh in " Researches in the South of Ireland," it appears that the potatoe was first planted in Youghal : the cherry was domesticated in the neighbourhood of Dromana, where it has continued to flourish to the present time, and is still in high estimation. The value of the cherry is still undisputed ; the other importation may be considered as an advantage or a curse to the x2

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 135

16. Portrieve of Lismore Taken Prisoner and Given New Clothes

    Lismore · townland · Waterford · 1643

    Brian Cavenagh, Portrieve of Lismore, was taken prisoner at the burning of the town in 1643 and later released by prisoner exchange, returning home pillaged and stripped, whereupon the Earl of Cork gave him new clothing.

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    " 1643, August 10. Brian Cavenagh, Portrieve of Lismore, having been taken prisoner at the burning of my town, was enlarged by exchange of another prisoner of theirs, but returning home pillaged and stripped, I gave him a doublet, breeches, and stockings, and a new coat made for my own wearing, garnished down before with .silver buttons and gold fringe work, that I had never worn.

    342 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 147

17. Strongbow's marriage to Eva at Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1170

    Strongbow, having married Eva, daughter of the King of Leinster, celebrated the marriage at Waterford, confirming his earlier conquests before they were surrendered to Henry II.

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    Strongbow had been united in marriage to Eva, daughter of the King of Leinster; their marriage was celebrated here in the preceding year, and served to confirm the acquisitions, which this warlike nobleman had previously made. But these conquests could be retained no longer; they had already excited the jealousy of the monarch, and it was now necessary to surrender them into his hands. Upon the arrival of the sovereign within the walls of his newly acquired city, Waterford was formally surrendered to him by the Earl of Pembroke, who was contented to retain his other possessions, as a vassal and subject.

    The city of Waterford, Henry's first acquisition in Ireland, was considered, at the period of his

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 4

18. Surrender of Carrickbeg Monastery in 1540

    Carrickbeg · townland · Waterford · 1540

    The last prior, William Cormoke, surrendered the Carrickbeg monastery on 7 April 1540, at which time its property included a church and steeple, chapter-house, dormitory, hall, chambers, kitchen, stable and about 150 acres of land.

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    The founder. Earl James, assigned ten acres of land to the friars, on which, by the aid of charitable donations, they built a church, a dormitory and cloisters. The last prior was William Cormoke, who surrendered the monastery on the 7th of April, 1540, at which time the property consisted of a church and steeple, a chapter-house, dormitory, hall, three chambers, a kitchen, a stable, and about 150 acres of land. This friary and twenty acres of land in the town of Carrick, together with the friary of Athasscl in the county of Tipperary, were granted to Thomas, Earl of Ormond. Of the original buildings, the church and steeple alone remain, the latter in almost perfect preservation. The church is of considerable

    288 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 122

19. The Countess's Tombstone at Dunhill

    Dunhill · townland · Waterford

    The coronetted tombstone of the Countess of Donlsle, who defended the castle during Cromwell's siege, has recently been discovered in the adjoining burying-ground.

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    by the courage and spirit of her race. She is represented as Countess of Donlsle : her coronetted tomb-stone has recently been discovered in the adjoining burying-ground. The castle, which is more particularly described in another place, resisted for a long time the combined force of artillery and storm, but was at length compelled to yield to the overwhelming numbers of the enemy. It is to be regretted that we have no v/ell authenticated account of the details of the siege ; which, according to tradition, was replete with interesting and romantic incidents.

    Nothing but the absence of historical records can justify the insertion of the following popular reports, the favourite theme of the followers of the family, and by them handed down to the present generation. It is said that the exertions of the garrison, stimulated by the zeal and courage of the Countess, were for a long time successful in repelling every attack of the savage and infuriated enemy. The Countess was seen in situations of the greatest danger, animating by her presence the almost exhausted spirits of the besieged, and more than sharing the dangers and privations of the meanest soldier. The honour of the gallant defence is attributed to a gunner who directed the artillery of the castle, and who, next to the owner, held the principal command. Fortune seemed to favour his exertions. Cromwell, wearied will) the length of the contest, was preparing

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 36

20. The Cromlech at Sugar-loaf Hill

    Sugarloaf Hill · hill or hills · Waterford

    At Sugar-loaf Hill, a very perfect cromlech or Druids' altar consists of four oblong stones supporting a large table-stone about twenty feet high, considered the finest such antiquity in the county. A ruined church stands beside it, illustrating how early Christians built churches near existing pagan monuments.

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    At Sugar-loaf Hill, so called from its abrupt and conical appearance, there is a very noble Cromlech, or Druids' altar, the most perfect of these antiquities, which is to be found in the county.

    Four oblong masses of rock, elevated on their extremities, support a table-stone or altar of considerable magnitude, the height of which is about twenty feet. The workmanship is altogether

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 112

21. The Duke of Devonshire's bridge and causeway, 1815

    Dungarvan · townland · Waterford · 1815

    A magnificent single-arch bridge of seventy-five feet, built entirely at the expense of the Duke of Devonshire in 1815 using stones brought from England, along with a 350-yard causeway, connected Dungarvan across the river.

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    bridge and causeway which were executed at the sole expense of the present Duke, in 1815. The bridge is a single arch of seventy-five feet, a most beautiful specimen of architecture ; the massive stones of which it was built, were alt brought from England. The causeway is three hundred and fifty yards in length and must have been a work of enormous labour. A neat square and a handsome street connect the town with the bridge and serve to make an opening to the penetralia of the place. Reservoirs of water conveniently situated, and (what were hitherto unknown in Dungarvan) market-places for the sale of fish and meat, are among the improvements already effected. Here, as in all places where his property extends, the Duke of Devonshire has largely contributed to the establishment of Fever Hospitals, Dispensaries, Poor Schools and other public charities. The fisheries of the southern coast of Ireland, whether considered as a source of national wealth, as a nursery for seamen, as affording employment to a superabundant population, and at the same time yielding an ample supply of nutricious food, present to the enlightened statesman a wide field for the exercise of political sagacity. The Nymph bank, as far as has been ascertained, stretches along the whole of the southern coast, at the distance of about seven leagues from its eastern part at Dungarvan, to a distance of from fourteen to twenty

    310 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 132

22. Vestments Reputedly Gifted by Pope Innocent III Preserved at Ballybricken Chapel

    near Ballybricken · street · Waterford · 1729–1752

    Magnificent copes and vestments, supposedly a gift of Pope Innocent III to Waterford Cathedral, are preserved at the Ballybricken chapel and used by the officiating priest on the day before Easter Sunday. The chapel also holds silver plate including a tabernacle dated 1729 and a crucifix said to contain a portion of the true cross.

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    There are preserved here some magnificent dresses,* supposed to have been the gift of Pope Innocent III. to the cathedral of Waterford. These dresses, which are used by the officiating Priest, and his assistants, on the day before Easter Sunday, consist of various articles, as Copes, Vestments, Dalmatics, &c. &:c. The copes are five in number: they are about four feet in depth, and six in length, and when placed across the shoulders, meet gracefully in front. Three of the Copes are of crimson and two of green velvet, and are almost entirely covered with gold embroidery, which, after the lapse of so many ages, is still bright and splendid, though of course much

    * It is probably these dresses which are alluded to in an order of Council, as having been fraudulently taken by Richard Butler, Esq. Mayor, ^ee the account of the Cathedral, page 136.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 68

23. Waterford Cathedral Founded by Ostmen in 1096

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1096–1210

    The Cathedral of Waterford, dedicated to the Blessed Trinity, was built by the Ostmen in 1096 when they first embraced Christianity. King John later endowed it with lands and Pope Innocent III confirmed its possessions in 1210.

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    The Cathedral of Waterford, dedicated to the blessed Trinity, was built by the Ostmen, in the year 1096, when they first embraced the Christian religion. About the commencement of the thirteenth century. King John endowed it with lands, and at the same time, it is supposed, its first Dean was appointed. In 1210, Pope Innocent III. confirmed the possessions of the Dean and Canons.

    In 1463, King Edward IV. granted to the Dean and Chapter of Waterford, a mortmain license to purchase lands of the yearly value of 100 marks.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 59

24. Absentee Landlord Act strips Earl of Waterford's estates

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1539

    Gerald Ailmer advised Henry VIII that Ireland's decay was due to absentee landlords, leading to an act mandating lands of absentees revert to the crown. This law was chiefly applied to the Earl of Waterford, depriving him of his estates in the county.

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    In the next parliament the king had a law passed to this effect, which chiefly applied to the Earl of Waterford, who was thereby deprived of his estates in this county. The evils arising from non-residence of proprietors must have been severely felt at that period, when there appeared little hope of civilizing the native Irish, except by encouraging intercourse with the comparatively refined inhabitants of England.

    Nothing can exceed the barbarity of the " meer Irish" of that time, or the wild Irish, as they were called ; they are described by an ancient author, as possessing many natural advantages of person and disposition; " the men are clean of skin and hew, of stature tall. The women are well favored, cleane coloured, faire handed, big and large, suffered from their infancy to grow at will, nothing curious of their feature and proportion." In manner and disposition they are represented as, " religious, franke, amorous, irefull, sufferable of infinite paines, very glorious, many sorcerers, excellent horsemen, delighted with wars, great almsgivers, passing in hospitalitie."

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 20

25. Ancient roadway theory linking Cashel and Ardmore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Doctor Smith conjectured that the ridges of the trench were the remains of an ancient highway drawn from Cashel to Ardmore, built at the direction of St Patrick and St Declan in imitation of Roman highways.

    Read the passage

    away by thieves to Ardmore, and that her labours commenced there, on her return to her master at Cashel. Without hastily concluding, that " the one story is as probable as the other," as Doctor Smith has ventured to do, it will be satisfactory to hear his ingenious conjecture, which is, " that these ridges were no other than the remains of an ancient highway drawn from Cashel to Ardmore, between which two places there was probably in the time of St. Patrick, and his contemporary, St. Declan, a frequent communication, and that this road was made by the direction of these Saints, in imitation of the Roman highways, which they must have often met with in their travels."

    The other traditional wonder alluded to is also a trench, which extends along the sides of the mountains from Cappoquin into the county of Cork, and which, according to the conjecture of Doctor Smith, was a boundary or fence made to preserve the cattle against wolves.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 154

26. Attack on Duncannon fort

    Duncannon · town · Wexford · 1649

    A detachment under General Ireton was sent from Wexford to attack the fort of Duncannon while Cromwell proceeded to besiege Ross.

    Read the passage

    was sent to attack the fort of Duncannon, while Cromwell himself proceeded to lay siege to the town of Ross. The town of Carrick was shortly after surprized, and having been taken by a detachment of Cromwell's army, he himself proceeded thither, and from thence crossed over the Suir, and marched to invest Waterford. The citizens, terrified by the approach of a ruthless enemy, began to prepare for their defence, and gladly accepted a reinforcement of 1500 men, under General Ferral, sent by the Marquis of Ormond to their assistance. The troops of, Cromwell, since their arrival in Ireland, had been greatly diminished in numbers, as well by the climate, to which they were not accustomed, as by the destructive warfare in which they had been engaged : the army, when it arrived at Waterford, only amounted to 5000 foot, 2000 horse, and 500 dragoons, yet such was the terror of the timid citizens, they were inclined to submit without awaiting the assault, and actually sent to Ormond to consult about the terms which they should require previous to the surrender of the city. The Marquis of Ormond encouraged them to a vigorous resistance, and by flattering assurances and promises of succour, was successful in inspiring them with firmness and resolution.

    Waterford was a walled and fortified town, and though badly situated in case of a siege according to the improved practice of modern warfare.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 33

27. Corn riot in Waterford, 1732

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1732

    A tumultuous assemblage occurred in Waterford in 1732 aimed at preventing the exportation of corn amid scarcity of provisions.

    Read the passage

    In 1732 there was a tumultuous assemblage in Waterford, the object of which was to prevent the exportation of corn. There was another riotous meeting of the mob in Waterford in 1744, when Mr. Beverley Usher was mayor: the military were called out, and several lives were lost. — Both these riots were occasioned by a scarcity of provisions. Some years afterwards corn was in abundance ; but, as happened on a recent occasion when England extended a fostering hand to her brothers in Ireland, the inhabitants of Waterford and other towns were literally starving in the midst of plenty.

    Such being the state of Waterford, at the periods alluded to, it was not to be expected that the people would remain totally passive spectators of the numerous illegal assemblies which were forming around them.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 41

28. Curraghmore, seat of the Marquess of Waterford

    Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

    Curraghmore, seat of the Marquess of Waterford, incorporates part of an ancient Poer family castle within its magnificent mansion. It is situated in a valley formed by the river Clodagh, about ten and a half miles from Waterford city.

    Read the passage

    In this barony was situated the principal part of what was called Powers-country, under which denomination was also included the adjoining portion of Decies and part of the neighbouring barony of Middlethird. The representative of the family of the Powers, or Poers, still retains a commanding influence here ; and includes, within his magnificent mansion at Curraghmore, a part of one of the castles of his ancestor of former centuries.

    Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford, is situated at the distance of about ten miles and a half from Waterford, and about two miles south from the river Suir, in a valley formed by the waters of a mountain river called the Clodagh. This river discharges itself into the Suir,

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 119

29. Destruction of Churches and Tombs in Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1650–1656

    After the surrender, the violence of the parliamentary army was chiefly directed against the churches, works of art, and remnants of antiquity in Waterford, with tombs of the dead plundered or mutilated.

    Read the passage

    The terms granted to the citizens were favourable; their persons and private property were preserved. The violence of the parliamentary army was chiefly directed against the churches, works of art, and remnants of antiquity; even the tombs of the dead were plundered or mutilated by their savage hands, and in cases where they could not plunder, they were contented to destroy. The city of Waterford was, from this period until the year 1C5G, governed by commissioners appointed by Oliver Cromwell: the accustomed mode of government by mayor and sheriffs was abolished, and in its place was substituted the mere pleasure of the creatures of the

    84 IIISTOUICAL SKETCH.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 38

30. Franciscan Friary founded by Sir Hugh Purcell in 1240

    near Franciscan Friary · street · Tipperary · 1240–1539

    The Franciscan Friary, now the site of the Holy Ghost Hospital and the French Church, was founded in 1240 by Sir Hugh Purcell for Conventual Franciscans and was surrendered in 1539, though a considerable portion of the building survives despite neglect.

    Read the passage

    ted, was formerly a Monastery of Franciscans or (Jrcy Friars, founded in the year 1240, by Sir Hugh Purcell. The Franciscans, Grey Friars, or Friars Minors as they were commonly called, were divided into three classes, of which the first, or the Conventuals, were established in this Friary.

    Soon after the foundation of this Monastery, King Henry III. granted the sum of twenty pounds sterling, payable annually on the feast of All Saints, to purchase tunics for the Friars Minors of Waterford, Dublin, Cork, Athlone and Kilkenny. Encouraged and endowed by succeeding monarchs, particularly by Edward I. the Franciscan Friary of Waterford flourished for many years, and at the time of the surrender, 2d April, 1539, was found to contain the following buildings : a church and steeple, recently used as the French Church, a cemetery, over which the present Floly Ghost Hospital is built, a hall, six chambers, a kitchen, two stables, a bakehouse and four cellars. A considerable portion of this venerable pile yet survives the assaults of time and the still more dangerous encroachments of man ; but it has latterly been so much neglected, that the remnants of antiquity contained in it are nearly concealed by the falling ruins.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 57

31. King John's castle and fortification of Dungarvan

    Dungarvan · townland · Waterford · 1463

    King John built the castle at Dungarvan and probably fortified the town with a wall having towers and bastions; the castle and fortifications were later repaired in 1463 by Thomas, Earl of Desmond.

    Read the passage

    The manor of Dungarvan is now the property of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire. King John built the castle, and probably it was the same prince who fortified the town, inclosing it with a wall, having towers and bastions. The castle and fortifications having fallen into decay, they were repaired in 1463 by Thomas, Earl of Desmond, to whom the customs of the town were delivered, to be appropriated to that purpose. The walls and towers are now for the most part removed, except where they have been joined to modern buildings. The ruins of the castle and fortifications are still to be seen. This place of defence, situated within the entrance of the harbour of Dungarvan, consisted of a castle, placed in the, interior of an oblong fort, which was regularly fortified and mounted with cannon, and was protected by circular towers at the angles. The external defence is approached by a narrow passage between two battlemented walls, at the extremity of which is the entrance or keep, a narrow tower-like build-

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 130

32. Lismore's decline into a neglected village

    Lismore · townland · Waterford

    Once a celebrated city, Lismore became a neglected and miserable village of a few hovels, with no trace of its former magnificence except ruins of the castle and church, until the Duke of Devonshire improved it.

    Read the passage

    Lismore, once a celebrated city, became afterwards a neglected and miserable village, consisting of a few hovels, and without any trace of its former magnificence, except what might be gathered from the ruins of the castle and tlu' church. It continued in this state lor many

    350 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 151

33. Mullahawn cheese exported from Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    A hard skimmed-milk cheese called Mullahawn was formerly manufactured and exported in large quantities from Waterford, noted for being so hard it required a hatchet to cut it.

    Read the passage

    Cheese, made from skimmed milk, and called MullaJiavni, was formerly an article of commerce in Waterford, and was exported in large quantities, but it was of such a hard substance that it required a hatchet to cut it.

    Salt was another article of trade in Waterford, and was made in considerable quantities. The first salt-house was established in William-street, by the patentee and the late John Greene, Esq. of Greeneville.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 85

34. Poverty of fishermen and the tonnage bounty at Dungarvan

    Dungarvan · townland · Waterford

    Due to poverty, fishing boats at Dungarvan were often unfit for use, forcing fishermen to risk their lives with worn cordage and sails; the introduction of a tonnage bounty helped increase employment, with 163 boats and about 1100 men engaged in the last year.

    Read the passage

    leagues from its western part at Cape Clear and the Mizcn-liead. This bank is supposed to afford an inexhaustible supply of cod, ling, 8cc. and might be made to add a great accession of wealth to the country, were a few of the harbours improved by piers, and capital afforded to the fishermen to enable them to equip their vessels. From the poverty of the owners, the boats are not in general in the sea-worthy condition in which they ought to be. The heavy expenses even of repairs frequently compel the fisherman to risk his life with cordage and sails which are almost unfit for use, and until the establishment of the bounty, which in some degree operated as a donation of capital, many boats were altogether laid up, their owners being unable to repair them.

    Since the tonnage bounty has been in operation, the number of boats and men employed in the fishery of Dungarvan has increased progressively. In the last year 163 boats and about 1100 men have been engaged, and have procured for the country upwards of one thousand tons of excellent fish. The wives and children of the fishermen are also employed in cleaning and salting the fish, so that at a moderate calculation, it may be computed that 5000 individuals depend for their support on this branch of national industry. The sum granted in bounties during the last year, was £2,047.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 132

35. Prayers for George III read in Waterford Catholic chapels

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1767

    On 20 December 1767, prayers were publicly read in the Roman Catholic chapels of Waterford for King George III and the royal family, the first such public prayer by Irish Catholics since the Revolution.

    Read the passage

    A circumstance occurred in the year 1767, which it may be proper to notice, as showing the good feeling which was beginning to subsist between the Roman Catholics of Ireland and the royal family of England. On the 20th of December of this year, prayers were publicly read in the Roman Catholic chapels of Waterford, and in the other chapels throughout Ireland, for King George III. and all the royal family, being the first time the royal family of England had been prayed for in this public manner by the Roman Catholics of Ireland since the Revolution.

    The year following this was remarkable throughout Ireland as a year of great bustle, occasioned by a general election. That the city of Waterford was not an exception, may be seen by the following statement.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 42

36. Prince John lands at Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1185

    Prince John landed at Waterford for the first time on 1 April 1185, accompanied by English nobility and a force of knights and archers, to take charge of Irish affairs.

    Read the passage

    John landed at Waterford, for the first time, on the 1st April, 1185, attended by many of the principal nobility of England, and a considerable force of knights and archers. In order to check the frequency of insurrections, by establishing English garrisons throughout the disturbed districts, he erected fortified castles in various places. One of these, at Lismore, was on the site of the present noble building, now the occasional residence of the Duke of Devonshire.

    Many of the Irish chiefs waited upon John to congratulate him on his arrival ; they were disposed to receive him favourably, and to submit themselves to his authority ; they were satisfied to consider the King of England as their sovereign.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 6

37. Raleigh's residence at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1580

    Raleigh fixed his residence at Youghal, where the house he lived in remained preserved for many years in the same state as when he left it.

    Read the passage

    The lands comprized in the warrant were these : " the barony, castle, and lands of Inchiquin, in Imokilly; the castle and lands of Strancally, Ballynatra, Killnatora, and the lands lying on the rivers Broadwater and Bride, late David Mac Shean Roche's and others, with the decayed town of Tallow ; and the castle and lands of Lisfinny, Mogilla, Killacarow and Shean : and if these were not sufficient, the deficiency was to be made up, out of the castle and lands of Mocollop,the castle and lands of Temple Michael, the lands of Patrick Condon, next adjoining unto the Shean, and of the lands called Ahavena, alias Whitesland." It was directed that these lands should be near to the town of Youghall, where Raleigh afterwards fixed his residence : the house in which he lived still remains, and was for many years preserved in the same state in which it was left by its illustrious occupant. There are recorded of this extraordinary man, numberless brave and adventurous exploits, bearing a strong resemblance to the fictions of romance, yet perfectly according with the ideas which history and the delineation

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 27

38. Reginald's Tower and the medieval walls of Waterford

    Reginald's Tower · man-made feature · Waterford · 1171

    The city of Waterford was originally enclosed by a ditch and walls forming a triangular space with fortified towers, including Reginald's Tower (now the Ring Tower) and Turgesius's Tower at Baron-strand-street, and St Martin's Castle.

    Read the passage

    landing, to be a place of great antiquity, and for trade and riches was esteemed only inferior to Dublin. Waterford is situated on the south side of the river Suir ; it was originally surrounded by a ditch and walls enclosing a triangular space, with fortified towers at each of the angles. From one of these, called Reginald's tower, now the Ring tower, the city wall ran in a westerly direction, and was terminated by Turgesius\s tower, which formerly stood at the corner of Baron-strandstreet. From this tower, the wall forming the second side of the triangle, proceeded in a southwardly direction, enclosing the Black Friary, skirting, but not including, what was formerly the boys Blue School; from thence it crossed Peter'sstreet and ran to the castle, then called St. Martin's Castle, situated at the rear of the girls Blue School ; the third side of the triangle united St. Martin's Castle with Reginald's Tower.

    Such were the boundaries of the city of Waterford, when it first received Henry II. and his knights. While he remained here, he was acknowledged as sovereign by the people of Cork and Wexford, and as an instance of his royal authority, committed to Reginald's Tower, a traitor who had presumed to invade Ireland, without the usual preliminary qualification, a commission from the Pope.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 4

39. Tramore as a sea-bathing resort

    Tramore · town · Waterford

    Tramore village, protected from prevailing winds with a magnificent sea view and a hard level strand, became the favourite summer retreat of Waterford citizens, with a large hotel and regular summer races.

    Read the passage

    hotel is a spacious building, elevated considerably above the village, and admirably adapted for enjoying the invigorating breezes from the sea. The proximity of Waterford, distant little more than five iniles, and the facility of communication by means of a countless multitude of indescribable vehicles, render this village the favourite summer retreat of the citizens of Waterford. The strand is about three English miles in length, and throughout perfectly hard and level : in the summer season there are regular races here, w^hich are encouraged by the proprietors of the village and by private subscriptions. At one extremity of the beach, immense heaps of sand have been cast up by the sea, and compose M^hat is called the Rabbit-burrow^. These sand hills are partially covered M^ith natural grasses and with a few plants, as asparagus, pansey, scurvy grass, &c. From this place the bay of Tramore may be seen in all its grandeur, either smooth and glassy as an unruffled lake, or, when agitated by the west wind, exhibiting the frightful magnificence of convulsed nature.

    In the month of January, 1816, the Sea-Horse transport, having on board the second battalion of the 59th foot, was driven by a raging tempest into this inhospitable bay. It occurred in the day-time ; the shore was crowded with people, who were aware of the inevitable fate of the crew, and had no possible means of relieving them. As

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 104

40. Waterford's loyalty during the Lambert Simnel plot

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1487

    In 1487, during the plot to raise Lambert Simnel to the throne, the citizens of Waterford resisted the impostor's claims and remained loyal to the king, unlike much of the rest of Ireland which supported the rebellion.

    Read the passage

    In the year 1487, at the time of the plot to raise Lambert Simnel to the throne, the citizens of Waterford took a distinguished part, and gave the greatest proofs of courage and loyalty : they manfully opposed the schemes of the impostor and his artful supporters, and, in the almost general insurrection which followed, they alone continued firm and loyal to the rightful monarch.

    When the factious Irish, under the influence of the Earl of Kildare, had acknowledged the claims of the impostor, and admitted the evidence of his birth, their next step was to endeavour to compel the inhabitants of other towns to unite with them in the revolt. The citizens of Waterford were peremptorily required to proclaim the new king, and, by a letter transmitted to John Butler, then mayor, were commanded to receive and assist him with all the forces of the city. The conduct of the mayor was eminently dignified, and marked with the most minute attention to the best precedents of civic etiquette: he answered, that he would send a written reply by a messenger of his own, and afterwards informed the Earl of Kildare that the citizens of Waterford considered all those rebels to the rightful king of England, who proclaimed and crowned the impostor Lambert. — The Earl, not admiring the answer of the mayor, commanded that his messenger should be hanged; and not wishing to be outdone in dignity or

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 10

41. A traitor imprisoned in Reginald's Tower

    Reginald's Tower · man-made feature · Waterford · 1171

    While at Waterford, Henry II committed to Reginald's Tower a man who had invaded Ireland without proper papal commission, as a demonstration of royal authority.

    Read the passage

    Such were the boundaries of the city of Waterford, when it first received Henry II. and his knights. While he remained here, he was acknowledged as sovereign by the people of Cork and Wexford, and as an instance of his royal authority, committed to Reginald's Tower, a traitor who had presumed to invade Ireland, without the usual preliminary qualification, a commission from the Pope.

    Haying made the necessary arrangements and appomted governors over the fortified towns.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 4

42. Bonmahon developed as a fashionable bathing village

    Bunmahon · population centre · Waterford

    The village of Bonmahon, with handsome residences and lodging-houses, was developed by its proprietor into a popular bathing place featuring a circular race-course, strand and public rooms, crossed by a picturesque wooden bridge over the river Mahon.

    Read the passage

    Much has been done by the proprietor of Bonmahon, to render it a popular and fashionable bathing place: a circular race-course, a convenient strand and public rooms are among the inducements which this village offers to the public. The mines at and near Bonmahon, deserve particular attention, and, whether we consider their importance, and the advantages derivable from them to the country generally, or to the unemployed population of the adjoining district in particular, it must be admitted that a faithful inquiry into their extent, value and facilities for working, is much to be desired. This can be effectually accomplished only by those practically acquainted with the business of mines. The following

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 115

43. Decline of Woollen Trade Near Churchtown and Carrick

    Churchtown · townland · Waterford

    A woollen manufactory near Churchtown glebe and another near Carrick were the only remains of a once-flourishing trade, which had been forced to yield to Ireland's distractions and the jealousy of English manufacturers, though several persons still worked at home for the trade.

    Read the passage

    Within a short distance of Chnrchtown glebe, a woollen manufactory has been recently established; this and another establishment nearer to Carrick are, unfortunately for the country, the only remains of the former trade which at one time flourished here, and which was forced to yield to the distractions of Ireland, but more particularly to the jealousy of the English manufacturers. There are several persons employed by this manufactory, who work at their own homes, thus combining the quiet and innocence of rural life with the wealth and enjoyments of commerce. Turning from the direct road to Clonmell, and having ascended a steep hill, the ancient castle of Ballyclough is seen frowning over the valley. Nothing: is known of its former owners or of the particular purpose for which it was erected, save that it was the work of persons by no means destitute of skill, and who lived in contemplation of wars and tumults. The building was rudely but regularly fortified, being defended by a moat and ditch, which are still discernible, and having all the accessible parts of the hill on which it is erected perfectly commanded by loop-holes and embrasures, which still remain. A circular staircase, in tolerable preservation, conducts to the watch-tower, from which there is an extensive view of a wild nnd uninterestiiii> country. \\c-

    294 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 124

44. Description of Waterford citizens circa 1570s

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    An ancient author described the citizens of Waterford as wary, cautious in public affairs, careful in choosing magistrates by both wealth and experience, hospitable to strangers, and devoted to trade and craft, with the men trading and women spinning and carding fine rug.

    Read the passage

    The city of Waterford was now a place of trade and consequence, enjoying a regular government, and advancing every day in the improvements and decencies of civilized society. We can now look back with complacency upon the manners of those, from whom many of the citizens of the present day are descended, and from whom the general character of the people may be faintly traced : we have an interest in their courage and loyalty, and are proud or humbled as we read of their good fortunes, or dwell upon the reverses, which it was the lot of their city to experience. The following description of the then citizens of Waterford, written about two hundred and fifty years since, may serve to shew whether the present generation have improved upon the manners of those who preceded them: — '* The aire of Waterford is not verie subtill, yea nathelesse the sharpnesse of their wittes seemeth to be nothing rebated or duld by reason of the grossenesse of the aire. For in good sooth the townesmen, and namelie students are pregnant in conceiving, quicke in taking, and sure in keeping. The citizens are verie heedie and warie in all their publike affaires, slow in the determining of matters of weight, loving to looke yer they leape. In choosing their magistrate, they respect not onlie his riches, but also they weigh his experience. And therefore they elect for their maior neither a rich man that is yoong, nor an old man that is poore. They are

    HISTORICAL SKETCH. 49

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla

45. Farmers' dress at Waterford market recalled by living memory

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    Persons still living recalled that farmers who brought goods to market at Waterford formerly wore only a loose great coat tied with a band of hay, lacking shoes, stockings, shirt or hat.

    Read the passage

    The condition of the females has fortunately engaged the attention of those who can best appreciate what their sex and condition require, and who will learn with regret that their strength and constitution yield at an early age to the destructive and unsuitable employments imposed upon them. The clothing of the peasantry is that in which they are least deficient : I mean the out of door dress, for the furniture of their beds is but too often a very small addition to their ordinary apparel. In the article of clothing, the condition of the peasantry has been improved. It is in the recollection of persons still living that the dress of farmers who brought their goods to market at Waterford formerly consisted of a loose great coat tied round the body with a band of hay, without shoes or stockings, shirt or hat.

    It would be tedious to dwell on this part of the

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 168

46. First Bridge Over the Suir at Waterford Built in 1794

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1793–1794

    Despite Waterford's antiquity as a city, no bridge crossed the Suir until 1794, though fragments of piles and framed timber suggested the Danes may once have had a bridge at the site; a wooden bridge connecting Waterford to Kilkenny was built by a company subscribing £30,000 beginning in 1793.

    Read the passage

    It is surprising that so considerable and so ancient a city as Waterford should not have had a bridge over the Suir until 1794 : for although it has been conjectured, from the discovery, a few years since, of some fragments of piles and framed

    17G TOPOGUAPIIY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 73

47. Fort on Thomas's Hill deters Cromwell from Bilberry Rock

    Bilberry Rock · rock or rocks · Waterford · 1649

    Cromwell's forces approaching Waterford from the north-west were deterred by the fort on Thomas's Hill from occupying the commanding heights of Bilberry Rock.

    Read the passage

    After crossing the Suir, at Carrick, the enemy marched along the southern bank of the river, and approached the town on the north-west, but were deterred by the fort on Thomas's hill from occupying the heights of Bilberry Rock, a commanding station then at a considerable distance from the city walls.

    The strength of the defences and the numerous batteries protected the town from assault, and compelled the parliamentary forces to have recourse to the tedious process of investment. The Marquis of Ormond, though deficient in money and military stores, and having lost many men by desertion, endeavoured to defend Waterford ; and for this purpose, kept a body of troops on the opposite side of the river, prepared to co-operate with the citizens, and to take advantage of any favourable circumstances which might occur. — During the progress of the siege, which was carried on with vigour, Cromwell dispatched a detachment of his army, consisting of six troops of dragoons and four of horse, to the town of Passage, six miles to the south of the city, and took possession of the fort which commanded the river

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 34

48. Founding of a Free School and Almshouse at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The Earl of Cork formed a free school at Youghal with lodgings for schoolmaster and usher, and erected an almshouse for old decayed soldiers, endowing it with eighty pounds a year in perpetuity for their maintenance.

    Read the passage

    He hath formed a faire free school there, and built convenient lodgings for the schoolmaster and usher, and erected there an almshouse for old decayed soldiers, which are filled, and hath given of his own lands in perpetuity of the clear yearly value of fourscore pounds a year for their maintenance.

    He hath built four incorporate and market-towns, which before were waste places without any habitations, and planted them all with English inhabitants of the religion, viz. Tallaugh, in which he hath built a new church and chancel, a sessionshouse, a market-house, and a strong prison. 2. Lismore, wherein he hath re-edified the demolished chancel of the cathedral church. 3. Clogh-

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 147

49. Henry VII's letter of thanks and authority to Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1487

    King Henry VII wrote to the mayor, bailiffs and commonalty of Waterford praising their loyal disposition against the rebellion of the Earl of Kildare and the city of Dublin, and gave them authority to arrest and seize rebels and their goods.

    Read the passage

    We, therefore, for the good obeysance and loving disposition that ye, to our singular comfort and pleasure, have borne always towards us, (whereof we heartily thank you,) and trusting firmly in the same, will and charge you, and by these our letters, give unto you and every of you, full authority and power, to arrest, seize and take, all such and as many of our said rebels, as ye shall now attain unto, by sea or land, with all manner of their ships, goods and merchandizes, as ye shall find to be carried or conveyed from any other place to our said city of Dublin, and to the parts thereabouts, and to employ the same unto the behoof and commonweal of our said city of Waterford: and that ye fail not daily and diligently to endeavour yourselves, for the execution of this commandment, until the said earl and the inhabitants of our said city of Dublin, with the parties thereabouts of the sequel, utterly and clearly leave and forsake the said rebellion and contemptuous demeaning, and shall be of good and due obeysance unto us, and stand in the favour of our grace.

    Charging over this all manner of our officers, true liegemen and subjects, that unto you and every of you, in executing the premises, they be aiding, helping and assisting, in every behalf, as it shall appertain; as they and every of them will

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 12

50. Landing of Dungarvan and Broghill at Youghal, 1643

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1643

    On 28 July 1643, the Earl of Cork's two sons, Dungarvan and Broghill, landed at Youghal out of England, and the next day rode to join the Lord of Inchiquin's forces at Tallow before negotiating a six-day cessation with Muskerry.

    Read the passage

    my turrets did so continually beat and clear the curteyn of the wall. The 28th of July, God sent my two sons, Dungarvan and Broghill, to land at Youghal, out of England, and the 29th they rode to the Lord of Inchiquin's, who with the army were drawn to Tallagh, and staid there in expectation of Colonel Peyn, with his regiment from Tymolay, who failed to join, but Inchiquin, Dungarvan and Broghill, and Sir John Powlett, the Saturday in the evening, (upon some other directions brought over by Dungarvan from his Majesty,) he made a treaty that evening with Muskrie and others, and the Sunday the 30th, they agreed upon a cessation for six days. Monday night, when they could not enter my house, they removed their sieige and withdrew the ordnance and army .... two or three barrels of powder . . . two or three pieces of ordnance of twenty-three pounds, and killed but one of my side, God be praised.

    " 1643, August 10. Brian Cavenagh, Portrieve of Lismore, having been taken prisoner at the burning of my town, was enlarged by exchange of another prisoner of theirs, but returning home pillaged and stripped, I gave him a doublet, breeches, and stockings, and a new coat made for my own wearing, garnished down before with .silver buttons and gold fringe work, that I had never worn.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 147

51. Lismore's extensive salmon fishery

    Lismore · townland · Waterford

    Beneath Lismore castle a very extensive salmon fishery operated, with great abundance of fish taken daily and exported packed in ice to Liverpool and other distant places, sometimes eight hundred fish at a time.

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    Under the castle there is a very extensive salmon fishery, where, during the season, great abundance of fish is taken daily and exported, packed in ice, to Liverpool and other distant places. Any fish taken in the inclosures, above the number required, are driven into a space divided off", where they may be had at a. short notice; and, in addition to this, there are two or three wooden boxes, from which they may be taken without the delay of a minute. Eight hundred fish are sometimes taken at one time. The road between Lismore and Cappoquin, on the northern bank of the Blackwater, runs along the base of a range of hills which skirts the river. This neighbourhood is highly improved, and, for romantic scenery, may bear a comparison with the most, celebrated places. Throughout the whole way, the road is overarched with the finest timber trees, giving the aj)pearancc of a riding through a magnificent demesne. At various

    3.32 TOPOGUAPilV AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 152

52. Roman Catholics Petition for a Chapel in Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1690–1700

    Having been dispossessed of Christ Church at the Reformation, Roman Catholics in Waterford worshipped in an old building opposite their present chapel until the corporation granted them ground at nominal rent to build a more suitable chapel.

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    well's invasion and partition of the country, and by the important events connected with the Revolution, the great mass of the people could not quietly settle down into peace and contentment, satisfied with their relative situations, and neither devising nor desiring a change; but even now, things were getting into a better state of adjustment. The first object of the Roman Catholics was to obtain a fit place for the exercise of their religion. They had been dispossessed of Christ Church at the Reformation, and were without a place of public worship, until they obtained permission to assemble in an old building which was situated opposite to their present chapel. This being unfit for the purpose, both in point of size and accommodation, they petitioned the corporation to be allowed to erect a more suitable building. Not only was their request acceded to, but they were assisted in this desirable undertaking, and a considerable space of ground was allotted to them for this purpose at merely a nominal rent: thus proving that, however rancorous the feeling of enmity might have been at an early period, it was at length beginning to subside.

    But the Roman Catholics at this time (1700) had still a great deal to contend against. Such of the tradesmen and artizans amongst them as continued to reside in Waterford, were subjected to many hardships : they were required to pay what was called quarterage, for permission to

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 40

53. Ruins of castle and Augustinian abbey at Abbeyside, Dungarvan

    Abbeyside · townland · Waterford · 1200–1300

    At Abbeyside, opposite Dungarvan, stand the ruins of a castle once belonging to the M'Graths and an Augustinian friary founded in the thirteenth century under the protection of the Earl of Desmond, reputedly founded by the M'Graths and O'Briens of Cummeragh.

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    At the abbey side, and in view of the town, are the ruins of a castle and abbey. Nothing can be discovered relative to the castle further than its having been the property of the M'Graths : it is a lofty square building and was probably intended to protect the abbey. The abbey has been more fortunate in its annals. In the thirteenth century, there was established here, a monastery of the order of Eremites of St. Augustin, commonly called Austin Friars, under the protection of the Earl of Desmond. It is said that the M'Graths, one of whom is buried here, were the founders of this house, and that the property attached to the abbey was given by them and by the O'Briens of Cummeragh. There is still much to admire in the ruins of this ancient abbey : the wall and tower, with the entrances and windows, are still perfect, and give a clear idea of the beauty of the

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 133

54. Ruins of Dunhill Castle and Church from Gunpowder

    Dunhill · townland · Waterford

    There are indubitable proofs of Cromwell's destructive hand in the ruins of Dunhill castle and the adjoining church, one-half of which has been carried away by the explosion of gunpowder.

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    Whether Cromwell acquired possession in the manner popularly reported, it is now difficult to determine; but there are indubitable proofs of his remorseless hand in the ruins of the castle and the adjoining church, one-half of which has been carried away by the explosion of gunpowder. — The winter season being now far advanced, Cromwell returned to his army, and proceeded, on the 2d of December, to the village of Kilmacthomas. The river here was so greatly swollen by the land floods, that the entire following day was consumed in transporting the foot soldiers : this circumstance retarded the advance of the army, which was able to march only a few miles, and was quartered for the night in several small villages. On the morning of the 4th of December, Cromwell proceeded with his usual rapidity, rifling every place of consequence as he moved

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 36

55. The legendary White Friar of Stradbally abbey

    Stradbally · town · Waterford

    Near the modern church of Stradbally are the ruins of an Augustinian friary; the last friar there, known as the White Friar, remains the subject of many legendary tales among the local people.

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    The church, which is a modern building, stands on the site of the old church : near it are the ruins of an abbey of Augustinian Friars, the last of whom, called the White Friar, is still the hero of many legendary tales. At Ballivoney, the traces of an extensive building are still discernible : the length was an hundred and fifty feet, the breadth ninety feet. An open well in front of the building communicated, by a subterraneous passage of two hundred feet, with another well within the walls. The water which sujiplicd these wells was brought

    302 TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 128

56. 1463 Mortmain License Granted to Waterford Cathedral

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1463

    In 1463 King Edward IV granted the Dean and Chapter of Waterford a mortmain license to purchase lands, citing that the Cathedral's original endowments had been wasted by Irish and English rebels.

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    had founded or repaired the said church, in honour of the Holy Trinity, and had endowed it with possessions, as well spiritual as temporal, of the value of 400 marks, for the support of twelve canons and twelve vicars, who w ere to celebrate divine service for the welfare of souls, but that all these possessions had been so wasted or annihilated by Irish and English rebels, that the four dignitaries, viz. Dean, Praecentor, Chancellor and Treasurer, had nothing to support their rank and dignity. After this preamble, permission is given to purchase lands of the value of 100 marks. This license is dated, 28th day of June, third year of his reign. (1463.)

    In the fifth year of the same King (1465) an agreement was entered into between the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral and the Mayor, Bailiffs and citizens of Waterford, from which it appears that under the mortmain license of Edward IV, the Corporation had purchased lands, and now held them in trust for the Dean and Chapter, and in consideration of retaining them in possession, they covenanted to pay annually a certain sum to the Dean and Chapter, which was to be allowed them in their accounts delivered into the King s Exchequer. The Dean and Chapter also covenanted not to demand the payment of the original sum, so long as the annual payments were regularly discharged. This original

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 59

57. 269 Prisoners Received at Waterford Penitentiary in Under Three Years

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1821–1824

    Between June 1821 and April 1824, the Waterford Penitentiary received no less than 269 prisoners, with an average annual expense of about £260, and male prisoners were occasionally employed at a recently introduced tread-mill.

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    completed ; but it has been made available for a considerable number of persons, no less than 269 prisoners having been received between June, 1821, and April, 1824. The annual expense averages about £260. The male prisoners are occasionally employed at a tread-mill, which has been recently introduced.

    The Waterford Institution was established in December, 1820. It is situated in Lady-lane, and consists of a well selected and daily increasing library, a reading-room and a news-room. There are at present one hundred proprietors, who paid ten guineas each, and contribute one guinea annually. Subscribers, of which there are ninety, pay two guineas annually. The books of the *' Waterford Subscription Library" have been added to this, in return for which the proprietors were granted an allowance of three guineas in the purchase of the new shares.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 72

58. Bishop Atherton's suit for church lands at Ardmore and Lismore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford · 1636–1640

    Bishop Atherton of Waterford prosecuted the Earl of Cork for recovery of Ardmore, Lismore, and other church lands; the Earl compounded by returning Ardmore to the church, but Atherton continued suing for the remainder.

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    A stronger instance need not be given of this than the case of Doctor Atherton, then bishop of Waterford. It was his duty, on the part of the church, to commence a prosecution against the Earl of Cork for the recovery of Ardmore, Lismore, and other lands, formerly and of right belonging to the church, but then in possession of that earl. His lordship compounded for the lands of the see of Waterford by giving back Ardmore to the church ; but Bishop Atherton sueing for the

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 31

59. Building of Dunmore Harbour pier

    Dunmore East · town · Waterford · 1814–1824

    Massive stone blocks were transported and precisely fitted to construct the packet harbour at Dunmore, protected by the mole and Dunmore Hill. The estimated cost rose from £19,385 to a projected total of £100,000 by 1824.

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    of these were less than five or six tons weight, and some exceeded ten tons. These immense mountain masses, torn from the solid rock, were transported with apparent ease, on inclined planes and iron railways, to the place where they were squared with the greatest exactness ; they were then disposed in their places, accurately fitted and joined together without the clumsy iron bolts and bands, which are at the same time laborious and expensive.

    This great work, now nearly completed, offers obvious advantages. The packet harbour, ranging N. E. and S. W., is protected by the mole and Dunmore Hill against the most formidable and prevailing winds, the West and South West. It is also sheltered from the N. E. by another promontory, called Dunmore West, and from the East by the peninsula on which Hook Light-house stands.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 101

60. Carrick surprised and taken by Cromwell's detachment

    Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1649

    The town of Carrick was surprised and taken by a detachment of Cromwell's army; Cromwell himself then crossed the Suir there and marched to invest Waterford.

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    was sent to attack the fort of Duncannon, while Cromwell himself proceeded to lay siege to the town of Ross. The town of Carrick was shortly after surprized, and having been taken by a detachment of Cromwell's army, he himself proceeded thither, and from thence crossed over the Suir, and marched to invest Waterford. The citizens, terrified by the approach of a ruthless enemy, began to prepare for their defence, and gladly accepted a reinforcement of 1500 men, under General Ferral, sent by the Marquis of Ormond to their assistance. The troops of, Cromwell, since their arrival in Ireland, had been greatly diminished in numbers, as well by the climate, to which they were not accustomed, as by the destructive warfare in which they had been engaged : the army, when it arrived at Waterford, only amounted to 5000 foot, 2000 horse, and 500 dragoons, yet such was the terror of the timid citizens, they were inclined to submit without awaiting the assault, and actually sent to Ormond to consult about the terms which they should require previous to the surrender of the city. The Marquis of Ormond encouraged them to a vigorous resistance, and by flattering assurances and promises of succour, was successful in inspiring them with firmness and resolution.

    Waterford was a walled and fortified town, and though badly situated in case of a siege according to the improved practice of modern warfare.

    Internet Archive historytopograph00ryla, Chapter 33