Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Lonan of Ui Fidhgheinte buried at Kilteely

   Kilteely · town · Limerick

   Lonan, chief of the Ui Fidhgheinte, who made a great feast for St. Patrick on Mullach Cis, was buried at Kilteely, linking the site to early Christian-era patronage and chiefly burial.

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   To the north of Ballinalough is the parish of Kilteely,(l6) that is, " St. Tidal's church." Lewis mentions that on an eminence near the village are some remains of the church of Kildromin, founded by the Knights Templars in 1291. Lonan, chief of the Ui Fidhgheinte, who made a great feast for St. Patrick on Mullach Cis, was buried at Kilteely. Near the village is, or rather was, a remarkable rock, for the greater part is now quarried away, which the people call Carrickittle, that is, as it is written by the Four Masters and in the Annals of Lough Ce, Carraig Ciotal, " Ciotal's Rock." The Earl of Kildare built a castle on this rock in 1 5 10, which is shown in Speede's Map of Munster contained in Pacata Hibemia. Dr. Joyce, in Irish Names, thinks that Ciotal is a diminutive from " Cet," a name which often occurs in old Irish tales, but he is not quite satisfied with this derivation owing to the absence of the genitive inflexion. In the Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill, it is stated that in the year 853 Amlaibh, king of Lochlainn, killed the son of Cennfaeladh, king of Muscraidhe Breoghain, a district not far from the town of Tipperary, and Caetil the White, with his whole garrison. This Caetil was a chief of the Gaill-Gaedhil, or apostate Irish, and it is not known where his fortress was situated. There is the probability however that it was not far from Tipperary, and as there seems to be great diversity in the annals as to the proper form of this name, may there not be a possibility that he may be identified with Ciotal of Carrickittle. Dr. Todd considers the name Caetil to be the same as the Scandinavian name Ketill. Many years ago a number of what an old man called Danish pikes were found near Kilteely. The same old man told me that under a large stone about a mile to the west of the Boughal Breaga he found, a few years ago, several axe heads made of a metal he did not know, and a couple of coins with inscriptions ; as these were neither gold nor silver he did not

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 276

   As the companion tells it

   Kilteely takes its name from St. Tidal's church. It is a place bound to early Christian Ireland through Lonan, chief of the Ui Fidhgheinte, who made a great feast for St. Patrick on Mullach Cis. Lonan was buried at Kilteely, and that burial ties the town to a moment when local kings were giving patronage to the new faith. Near the village there was a remarkable rock, now mostly quarried away, that the people call Carrickittle. The Four Masters and the Annals of Lough Ce write it Carraig Ciotal, meaning Ciotal's Rock. The Earl of Kildare built a castle on this rock, a castle shown in Speede's Map of Munster in Pacata Hibernia. Dr. Joyce, in Irish Names, thinks Ciotal is a diminutive from Cet, a name that often occurs in old Irish tales, though he is not satisfied with this derivation because the genitive inflexion is absent. There may be an older figure behind the name. In the Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill, it is stated that in the year 853 Amlaibh, king of Lochlainn, killed the son of Cennfaeladh, king of Muscraidhe Breoghain, a district not far from Tipperary, and Caetil the White, with his whole garrison. Caetil was a chief of the Gaill-Gaedhil, or apostate Irish. His fortress is not known, but it may not have been far from Tipperary. Given the diversity in the annals about the proper form of this name, there is a possibility he may be identified with Ciotal of Carrickittle. Dr. Todd considers the name Caetil to be the same as the Scandinavian name Ketill. Many years ago a number of what an old man called Danish pikes were found near Kilteely. The same old man told of finding axe heads of an unknown metal and coins with inscriptions under a large stone near Boughal Breaga.

2. Lord President Stationed at Cork

   Cork · city · Cork

   During the early stages of the Munster rebellion, the Lord President was stationed at Cork. Lord Muskerry, whose Barony of Muskerry bordered Cork, maintained intelligence with him while feigning neutrality.

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   Muskerry. whom, because he is now become a notable, considerable, concerning man in this great affair, I may not let pass without a note ; and it shall be of admonition to find him among a magazin of such murderers. He is of the family of the Cartys, which they affirm to be of such antiquity, that unless you admit them to have a being so long before the coming of our blessed Saviour as there hath been time since, they think you undervalue them much. This man's father was the first lord of that name, which he nobly attained by purchase and acquisition, lie was summoned to the first meeting at Buttevant, but came not, and all this time, and some days after, held intelligence with the Lord President, lying at Cork, unto which the Barony of Muskerry (from which the name of his viscountship is derived) lies contiguous. And, although he did for some days by his neutrality secure himself in his own(5} thoughts, yet when he found the time fit for it, he did most

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 15

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, this is where the Lord President lay during the early stirrings of the Munster rebellion. The story that comes down concerns Lord Muskerry, a man the record calls a notable and considerable figure in the whole affair. He was of the family of the Cartys, who claimed such antiquity that unless you grant them a being before the coming of Christ, they think you undervalue them. His father was the first lord of that name, attaining it by purchase and acquisition. Muskerry was summoned to the first meeting at Buttevant, but he did not come. Instead, he held intelligence with the Lord President, who was stationed here at Cork. The Barony of Muskerry, from which his viscountship took its name, lies contiguous to the city. He kept up a posture of neutrality for some days, securing himself, as he thought. But when he found the time fit, the record says he did most — and there the passage cuts off, leaving what he did next untold.

3. Monument to Nixon at Wallstown church

   Wallstown · townland · Cork

   Nixon, a jovial companion of Johnny Roche and former sexton of Wallstown church, was buried in Wallstown. Johnny, having promised in life to raise a monument to his memory, erected a flag with the inscription 'here lies nixon.'

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   Johnny loved his glass, and it may be drew inspiration therefrom. One of his jovial companions, a "wet" soul named Nixon, whilom sexton of Wallstown church, died and was buried in Wallstown. In a pliant hour Johnny promised him if he survived he would raise a monument to his memory, and true to his word he erected a flag with the following telegraphic inscription — " here lies nixon."

   Johnny's appearance was somewhat striking. Of a medium height, well formed and unencumbered with flesh, he was gifted with unusual activity, which perhaps an unevenly balanced intellect kept in a state of constant motion. His face was full of life and expression. His eyes, undimmed by years, reflected the subtle working of his mind, while his silvery locks were allowed to stray far beyond their proper confines, and added a weirdness to his countenance. From the photograph shown, in which he is very appropriately represented with a violin in one hand and a trowel in the other, it will be observed that his hat formed no unimportant portion of his attire, and on closer inspection his waistcoat appears to have been fastened by only one button, which must have taken some pains to tie, and no ordinary amount of exertion to undo. In his old days he generally travelled about and visited the neighbouring towns and villages, snugly ensconced in a curiously-shaped vehicle. This was altogether his own design and make, and resembled to some extent a small circus van, shorn of the ornamental dragons usually seen at the sides and rear. It was fitted up with many

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 104

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here stands a monument to Nixon, at Wallstown church. Nixon was a jovial companion of a man named Johnny Roche, and had served as sexton of the church. When Nixon died, he was buried here in Wallstown. Johnny had promised him, in a pliant hour, that if he survived he would raise a monument to his memory. True to his word, he erected a flag bearing the inscription, in the words of the source, "here lies nixon." Johnny himself was a striking figure. He was of medium height, well formed, and carried no extra flesh. He was gifted with unusual activity, which an unevenly balanced intellect kept in constant motion. His face was full of life and expression. His eyes, undimmed by years, reflected the subtle working of his mind. His silvery locks were allowed to stray far beyond their proper confines, adding a weirdness to his countenance. A photograph shows him with a violin in one hand and a trowel in the other. His hat formed no unimportant part of his attire, and his waistcoat appears to have been fastened by only one button, which must have taken some pains to tie and no ordinary exertion to undo. In his old days he travelled about the neighbouring towns and villages, snugly ensconced in a curiously-shaped vehicle of his own design and make, resembling to some extent a small circus van, shorn of the ornamental dragons usually seen at the sides and rear.

4. Muskerry estates forfeited and sold in Dublin, 1702-3

   near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1702–1703

   The fourth Earl of Clancarty's estates in Muskerry, representing landlord rights originally diverted from the clan, were forfeited and sold in Dublin to various purchasers in 1702-3. The rental of the Muskerry estate was approximately £7,980 per annum, sold at fourteen years' purchase.

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   (4) Donogh MacCormac (oge) MacCarthy, eighteenth lord of Muskerry, son of Cormac oge MacCormac MacCarthy, seventeenth lord, who is shown in the pedigree of the family published at p. 193 of vol. i. of this Journal (1st series), to illustrate an article on the " Sept Lands of Muskerry." The seventeenth lord and his father, Cormac, the sixteenth lord, had followed the example of the fourteenth lord — the famous Sir Cormac MacTeige MacCarthy; and, by successive surrenders of the clan lands, as if their own, to the Crown, and subsequent regrants from the Crown to themselves, had diverted the ownership of the lands from the clan to themselves, and became landlords receiving rents in money, instead of chieftains over clansmen — their status under Tanist law. Donogh's father, Cormac Oge, had been created in 1628 Baron of Blarney and Viscount of Muskerry. Donogh was the second viscount ; and having joined in this civil war, 1641-52, became commander of the Munster forces of the "rebels." He was exiled to the Continent by the Parliament, but afterwards assisted in the Restoration of King Charles II., by whom he was, in 1658, created Earl of Clancarty. His grandson, also called Donogh, fourth earl, joined the losing side of King James II. in his contest with William of Orange, and was taken prisoner at the capture of Cork, 29th September, 1690, and was contined in the Tower, but escaped to France. He was outlawed; but was subsequently pardoned by King William, who allowed him a pension of ,£300 a-year. His estates in Muskerry, i.e. the landlord rights filched a century before from the clan, were forfeited and sold in Dublin to various purchasers in 1702-3.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 15

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about Muskerry, estates that once belonged to the MacCarthy lords were forfeited and sold in Dublin in 1702 and 1703. The story of how those lands came to be sold runs back through several generations. The fourteenth lord, Sir Cormac MacTeige MacCarthy, had begun a practice that his successors followed. By surrendering the clan lands to the Crown as if they were his own, and receiving them back by royal regrant in his own name, he diverted ownership from the clan to himself. The sixteenth lord, also called Cormac, did the same. The seventeenth lord, Cormac Oge, followed that example too, and in 1628 he was created Baron of Blarney and Viscount of Muskerry. His son Donogh, the eighteenth lord and second viscount, joined the civil war of 1641 to 1652 and became commander of the Munster forces. He was exiled to the Continent by the Parliament, but later helped in the Restoration of King Charles the Second, who created him Earl of Clancarty in 1658. His grandson, also Donogh, the fourth earl, took the losing side of King James the Second against William of Orange. He was taken prisoner at the capture of Cork on the 29th of September 1690, confined in the Tower, then escaped to France. He was outlawed, though King William later pardoned him and allowed him a pension of £300 a year. His estates in Muskerry, the landlord rights taken from the clan a century before, were forfeited and sold in Dublin to various purchasers in 1702 and 1703. The rental of the Muskerry estate was about £7,980 per annum, sold at fourteen years' purchase.

5. Muskerry Yeomanry meeting at Carrigadrohid, 1827

   Carrigadrohid · townland · Cork · 1827

   At a meeting of the Muskerry Cavalry Corps held at Carrigadrohid on 12 March 1827, resolutions governing the calling of meetings were passed, six new members were proposed, and an address of support was drafted for member Daniel Connor, who faced trial at the Waterford Assizes for the alleged homicide of Joseph Daunt in a duel. Daunt was shot dead at the first fire; Connor was acquitted or the prosecution was not pressed.

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   At a meeting of the Corps held at Carrigadrohid, on 12th March, 1827, for the purpose of inquiring into certain charges, etc., and for any other Corps business that may occur, the following Resolutions were entered into : —

   Resolved— That all meetings independent of the Duty of the Corps are to be called by Requisition signed by at least six of the members and sent to the Commanding Officer for that purpose.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 148

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Carrigadrohid, the Muskerry Cavalry Corps met on 12 March 1827. They had gathered to inquire into certain charges and to handle any other Corps business. One resolution was passed: that all meetings independent of the Duty of the Corps must be called by a requisition signed by at least six members and sent to the Commanding Officer for that purpose.

6. Navy chaplain's unflattering 1691 description of Kinsale

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1691

   A contemporary navy chaplain's diary described Kinsale in 1691 as 'a large filthy hole, that contains nothing good in it,' noting he 'was glad to leave so vile a place.' Jonas Stawell, burgess since 1676 and elected sovereign of Kinsale in 1691, was singled out as one of the only two men fit for Christian conversation in the town besides the rector.

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   He was a burgess of Kinsale 1676. He is described in the contemporary diary of a navy chaplain as one of the " two only fit men for Christian conversation in the town, besides the rector, honest parson Tomms." The diarist describes Kinsale (1691) as " a large filthy hole, that contains nothing good in it," and (he says) he " was glad to leave so vile a place. '

   Jonas Stawell was elected sovereign of Kinsale 1691, and M.P. 22nd September, 1692, when he and his colleague, Edward Southwell {q.v.), " did release the corporation from all charges which they may claim by reason of their said services in Parliament."

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 190

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Kinsale, a navy chaplain who came this way in 1691 left a harsh verdict. He called it "a large filthy hole, that contains nothing good in it" and said he "was glad to leave so vile a place." He found only two men in the whole town besides the rector, honest parson Tomms, fit for Christian conversation. One was Jonas Stawell, a burgess since 1676, elected sovereign of Kinsale in that same year of 1691. He later served as member of Parliament from September 1692.

7. Patrick Condon's tenancy at Ballybeg

   Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1671–1672

   Patrick Condon rented retrenchments from Lord Kingston at Ballybeg and began disturbing Spratt's tenants and impounding their cattle in 1671. He persisted in threats and legal actions until his death by a fall from his horse while drunk.

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   " On July, 1671, Patrick Condon, who rented my retrenchments from the Lord Kingston at Ballybeg, began his pranks^disturbing my tenants, and impounding their cattle.

   "On the 1 2th March following he gave alarms of war and many threats.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 294

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Ballybeg, Patrick Condon rented retrenchments from Lord Kingston. In July 1671 he began disturbing Spratt's tenants and impounding their cattle. On 12 March 1672 he gave alarms of war and many threats. He persisted in threats and legal actions until he died from a fall from his horse while drunk.

8. Rebel camp at Lacras near Seven Churches

   Laragh · town · Wicklow

   The narrator arrived at a small village called Lacras, near the Seven Churches in County Wicklow, which served as a rebel camp. The rebels forced themselves into the villagers' cabins on free quarters, threatening to shoot anyone who opposed them.

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   We now arrived at a small village called Lacras, very near the Seven Churches, county Wicklow, which I found to be their camp. Some of our party dispersed, and the remainder sans ceremonie entered the villagers' cabins with intention to remain there on free quarters as long as they pleased, at the same time telling the occupants if they attempted to oppose their so doing they would shoot them like dogs. They therefore (as it behoved them so to do) welcomed those unwelcome visitors with as good a grace as they could possibly assume. The fire was made

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 250

   As the companion tells it

   Coming through Laragh now. Near here was a small village called Lacras, close to the Seven Churches in County Wicklow, and it served as a rebel camp. When the narrator arrived, some of the party dispersed. The rest entered the villagers' cabins without ceremony, intending to stay on free quarters as long as they pleased. They told the occupants that if they attempted to oppose them, they would shoot them like dogs. The villagers, as they had to, welcomed those unwelcome visitors with as good a grace as they could possibly assume. The fire was made.

9. Rebel captain joins French forces at Killala

   Killala · town · Mayo

   A rebel captain named Walsh, formerly a maltster at Kilcullen, joined the French forces when they landed at Killala. The French arrived with the express intention of joining disaffected Irishmen to subvert the laws and constitution.

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   Cork to Dublin, I took my scat in the mail coach, and on my way thither was attacked, as were also the other passengers, at a place called Red Gap, about three miles from the camp of Kilcullen and twenty-four from Dublin, by a detachment of those same United Irishmen or rebels, commanded by Colonel McMahon, who had been an attorney, and who proved to be a very humane little fellow ; from a striking resemblance I assimilated him to Mr. Robinson, Mr. Simon Hardy's nephew. The captains were Messrs. Neale and Walsh ; the former had been a doctor, a man possessed of rather a prepossessing address, great understanding and penetration ; the latter had been maltster to a brewer at Kilcullen, but having robbed the house of his master of considerable property, he, by way of eluding the vigilance of justice, joined the French when they landed at Killala, who came expressly to join any evil-disposed Irishmen with a view to the total subversion of the laws and constitution. There was also a Captain Duffy, who had worked at the saddling trade, and earned two guineas and a half per week until the spirit of sedition inspired him with the idea of joining those rebels, which intention he effected in the mountains of Wicklow about the same time with Walsh. However, to proceed. When we got within thirty yards of the Red Gap, where the rebels then were, and where I already mentioned the attack took place, I was awoke from as comfortable a nap as I could expect in a mail coach, by the most dreadful shoutings I ever heard, and at the same time cries of" Stop the coach !" " Shoot them !" " Kill them !" I rubbed my eyes and looked around thinking I had awoke from an unpleasant dream, but was very soon undeceived, for on looking out of the coach window I perceived a congregation of rebels mounted and formed into a close body at the front of a road leading to the mountains, like so many devils fixing themselves in attitude-- of attack, and apparcntly ready to fire at the coach. The common men (meaning the soldiers were like a group of country fellows at a fair dressed in various coloured clothes ; they wore white and green silk cockades in their hats, with cards in front on which was printed in very legible character^ the w "Death or liberty." Kvcrything which they could procure green was worn around their arms as ornaments ; the party were armed with muskets, blunderbusses, pistols, pikes, haversacks full of powder. As I was a yeoman, the pass I had got from my captain immediately occurred to me, which I drew fr<>m my pocket and tore into as many small pieces as time would allow, and threw them into the bottom of the coach. We were then dragged out and given in charge to cither two or four rebels, who told us if we attempted to put our hands in our pockets they would shoot us without the smallest hesitation, This perplexed me not a little, as I had a very loyal letter in mine, and in which the rebels were greatly

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 249

   As the companion tells it

   You are coming to Killala, in Mayo. This is the town where the French landed, and where a rebel captain named Walsh joined them. Walsh had been a maltster to a brewer at Kilcullen. He robbed the house of his master of considerable property. By way of eluding the vigilance of justice, he joined the French when they landed at Killala. The French came expressly to join any evil-disposed Irishmen, with a view to the total subversion of the laws and constitution. There was also a Captain Duffy, who had worked at the saddling trade and earned two guineas and a half per week, until the spirit of sedition inspired him to join the rebels. He effected that intention in the mountains of Wicklow about the same time as Walsh. The captains of the United Irishmen or rebels were Messrs Neale and Walsh. Neale had been a doctor, a man possessed of a prepossessing address, great understanding and penetration. The rebels were commanded by Colonel McMahon, who had been an attorney, and who proved to be a very humane little fellow. The narrator of this account was travelling from Cork to Dublin in the mail coach when he was attacked at a place called Red Gap, about three miles from the camp of Kilcullen and twenty-four from Dublin. He was awoke from a nap by dreadful shoutings and cries of "Stop the coach!" "Shoot them!" "Kill them!" Looking out the window he saw rebels mounted and formed into a close body at the front of a road leading to the mountains. The common soldiers wore white and green silk cockades in their hats, with cards bearing the words "Death or liberty." Everything green they could procure was worn around their arms as ornaments. They were armed with muskets, blunderbusses, pistols, pikes, and haversacks full of powder.

10. Rose stone of Shandon Abbey in Peacock Lane monastery

    Cork · city · Cork · 1590

    A carved rose stone dated 1590 from Shandon Abbey was built into the Christian Brothers monastery in Peacock Lane for good luck. It bears a rose and twisted ornament and can still be seen in the wall outside the kitchen door. Other stones from the abbey are visible in the curve of Wise's distillery.

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    HERE are many interesting little stories which may be told of the ancient buildings in connection with walled Cork, of which structures we possess only the ruins, of some, only a few relics, and of others scarcely a memory. Let us go round the map picture of old Corke, in the Pacata Hibernia — but this time on the mainland, as we are done with the gates and flanking towers. We start from the western end of what is now the North Mall, and wc shall go round east and south, and finish up with St. Marie's of the Isle. The Abbey of St. Francis, or, as the Pacata calls it, Shandon Abbey, stood a little to the west of what is now Messrs. Abbott's mineral water manufactory, and this is very easily proved, for the holy well of St. Francis is on those very premises. It is a splendid well, some five feet in diameter, with a never failing supply of pure crystal water, which always remains about two feet deep. It is highly medicinal, resembling in its taste the Mallow Spa, and many people still use it as cures for weak eyes, consumption, and other ailments, the Messrs. Abbott ungrudgingly giving it to all that come for it. There is a narrow little pathway round the well which leads into a room that is like a crypt, for the end of it furthest from the well is formed by a solid rock of red sandstone. A legend says that from here there is a subterranean passage leading up to Garrane-na-brahair, " the brothers' grove," but the solid rock is an impassable barrier ; but there is a very massive wall at an angle, which, if removed from the rock, might verify the legend. Visitors are quite at liberty to see the well, but it is not as easy now as when I called there first, for I had only to open a door and it was before me; some machinery works near it now. There are numerous vestiges of the abbey back of the houses, and all along the district stone mullions, inscriptions, etc. The late venerable James B. Duggan, superior of the Christian Brothers, told me "that when they were building the monastery in Peacock Lane, some kind friend sent them the rose stone of Shandon Abbey that it might be built into the house for s^oorf lucky Mr. John Leonard, then superior, had it done, and you may see it any day in the wall outside the kitchen door, bearing the rose and twisted ornament, and the date 1590. The good luck has never left it; and you can see a picture of, it in the Journal, for John P. Dalton (Council Member), in his "With Pen and Pencil Round Cork," had that and two other stones of Shandon Abbey (which you may see for yourself in the curve of Wise's distillery) illustrated.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 155

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is a stone from 1590 built into a wall, still said to bring luck to the building it guards. It is the rose stone of Shandon Abbey, in the Christian Brothers monastery in Peacock Lane. The Abbey of St. Francis stood a little west of what is now Abbott's mineral water manufactory. The holy well of St. Francis is on those premises, a splendid well some five feet in diameter with a never-failing supply of pure crystal water, always about two feet deep. It is highly medicinal, resembling the Mallow Spa, and many people still use it for weak eyes, consumption, and other ailments. The Messrs. Abbott give it ungrudgingly to all who come. A narrow pathway rounds the well into a room like a crypt, its far end a solid rock of red sandstone. A legend says a subterranean passage leads from here to Garrane-na-brahair, the brothers' grove, but the solid rock is impassable. A massive wall at an angle, if removed from the rock, might verify the legend. Numerous vestiges of the abbey survive behind the houses, stone mullions and inscriptions all along the district. The late venerable James B. Duggan, superior of the Christian Brothers, said that when they were building the monastery in Peacock Lane, a kind friend sent them the rose stone to be built into the house for good luck. Mr. John Leonard, then superior, had it done. You may see it any day in the wall outside the kitchen door, bearing a rose and twisted ornament and the date 1590. The good luck has never left it. John P. Dalton, in his "With Pen and Pencil Round Cork," had that stone and two others from the abbey illustrated. Those two can be seen in the curve of Wise's distillery.

11. Sculptor Richard Barter born in Macroom

    Macroom · town · Cork

    Richard Barter, the sculptor known for his portrait busts and genre works, was born in Macroom. He showed an early talent for art before going to Dublin around age twenty to study, where he met Daniel O'Connell.

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    Richard Barter was born in Macroom, and early showed a talent for art. About the age of twenty he went to Dublin to study, and there made many important acquaintances, amongst them no less a personage than Daniel O'Connell, who took a great interest in his progress, and was delighted with the vivacity and quaint humour of his conversation. Later on he went to London, where he was well received amongst the artistic fraternity. There he met Foley, by whom he was met with the frank comradeship which a great artist can extend to an aspiring junior, and which afterwards, if of no other avail, is cherished as a precious memory. He was also able to count amongst his friends, Mr. Brock, the distinguished sculptor, who, upon Foley's death, undertook the completion of his commissions, and executed them, as was acknowledged, in a style worthy of the designer. Mr. Barter was very proud of his intimacy with Mr. Brock, whose kindness and sympathy he always heartily acknowledged.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 52

    As the companion tells it

    Macroom is the town where the sculptor Richard Barter was born. He showed a talent for art early. Around the age of 20 he went to Dublin to study, and there made many important acquaintances, among them Daniel O'Connell, who took a great interest in his progress and was delighted with the vivacity and quaint humour of his conversation. Later he went to London, where he was well received among the artistic fraternity. He met Foley there, who received him with the frank comradeship a great artist can extend to an aspiring junior, and which afterwards, if of no other avail, is cherished as a precious memory. He was also able to count among his friends Mr. Brock, the distinguished sculptor, who upon Foley's death undertook the completion of his commissions and executed them, as was acknowledged, in a style worthy of the designer. Barter was very proud of his intimacy with Brock, whose kindness and sympathy he always heartily acknowledged.

12. Sir Henry Browne Hayes of Cork transported to Botany Bay

    Cork · city · Cork · 1799–1812

    Sir Henry Browne Hayes of Cork was transported to Botany Bay in 1799 for abduction. He lived at a place near Sydney which he named Vaucluse, and a query was made about his will and the Mount Vernon property in Cork.

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    Dear Sir, — Having been for some time past engaged in writing an early Australian history, I have had occasion to investigate the once well-known case of Sir Henry Browne Hayes, of Cork, transported to Botany Bay for abduction in 1799. While in this country he lived at a place near Sydney, which he named Vaucluse, and which he is said to have purchased from the two original grantees ; but there is no trace of any conveyance to him on the Registry of Deeds, nor of any conveyance from him to any other person when he left the country in 1812. That may be partly accounted for by the facts that there was not any registry in existence during his time, and that, as a convict, he could not acquire or transfer a legal title to land. Some years after he left one Attwell Edwin Hayes, said to be a nephew of his, published a notice in a Sydney paper to the effect that he was the agent of the devisee of Vaucluse, and was instructed to recover possession, but nothing further was heard of the matter.

    As it is highly probable that Sir Henry made his will, and if so, that it would contain some reference to his lands in New South Wales, I wish to ask you whether you could obtain any information on the point from the Probate Office in your city, where a search would settle the question. An extract from the will touching it would be of considerable interest here, the history of Vaucluse making a chapter of itself in our archaeology.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 285

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork now. This is the city where the story of Sir Henry Browne Hayes begins. In 1799 he was transported to Botany Bay for abduction. While in New South Wales he lived at a place near Sydney which he named Vaucluse, and which he is said to have purchased from the two original grantees. But there is no trace of any conveyance to him on the Registry of Deeds, nor of any conveyance from him to any other person when he left the colony in 1812. That may be partly accounted for by the facts that there was no registry in existence during his time, and that as a convict he could not acquire or transfer a legal title to land. Some years after he left, one Attwell Edwin Hayes, said to be a nephew of his, published a notice in a Sydney paper to the effect that he was the agent of the devisee of Vaucluse, and was instructed to recover possession, but nothing further was heard of the matter. A query was later made from Australia to Cork, asking whether Sir Henry had made a will, and whether it contained any reference to his lands in New South Wales. The Mount Vernon property in Cork was also mentioned. The writer asked whether a search at the Probate Office in Cork could settle the question, since an extract from the will touching on Vaucluse would be of considerable interest. The history of Vaucluse, as he put it, made "a chapter of itself in our archaeology."

13. Soldiers garrisoned at Dripsey Castle (Carrignamuck)

    Carrignamuck · townland · Cork · 1822

    Two companies of soldiers under Captain Gascoigne were stationed at Dripsey Castle (Carrignamuck). The soldiers lived in the old castle while the officers occupied the adjoining residence.

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    The country at this time cannot have been a pleasant place for an unprotected female to reside in. As a rule ladies and children left their abodes and took refuge in defensible houses, or in Cork or Mac room ; smaller houses were abandoned to the care of servants,- who generally fulfilled the trust as well as they could ; in the larger houses gentlemen joined together, and made them defensible by building up the windows, etc., and were in some cases assisted by small parties of soldiers. At Warren's Court there was stationed a company of the Rifle Brigade under a Captain Cochrane ; and at Dripsey Castle (Carrignamuck) were two companies of soldiers under a Captain Gascoigne ; the soldiers lived in the old castle, the officers in the adjoining residence. Ryemount had its windows bricked up and loopholed, and was held by John Borlace Warren (afterwards baronet), Rev. Somers Payne (father of the clergyman of the same name, still living, and then in the garrison), and Massey Warren and two soldiers ; the Dowager Lady Warren and her daughter, and Rev. S. Payne's wife and children remained in the house ; they sat down to meals with their carbines loaded and within hand reach. This residence was not attacked, though the horns of the White Boys were often heard around them. Rye Court was defended by the inmates aided by a corporal and four soldiers. The gentry of the country were nearly all in the cavalry corps, taking their turns of duty as required. When news would come of a party of White Boys being "out" at any spot, the cavalry would ride out and disperse them, which was generally

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 144

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Carrignamuck stands Dripsey Castle. In 1822, the countryside around here was no pleasant place for an unprotected female to live. Ladies and children left their homes and took refuge in defensible houses, or in Cork or Macroom. Smaller houses were abandoned to the care of servants, who generally did their best. In the larger houses, gentlemen joined together and made them defensible by building up the windows, and in some cases they were helped by small parties of soldiers. At Dripsey Castle, two companies of soldiers were stationed under a Captain Gascoigne. The soldiers lived in the old castle itself, while the officers took the adjoining residence. Not far off, Warren's Court had a company of the Rifle Brigade under a Captain Cochrane. At Ryemount, the windows were bricked up and loopholed, and the house was held by John Borlace Warren, the Reverend Somers Payne, Massey Warren, and two soldiers. The Dowager Lady Warren and her daughter, and Reverend Payne's wife and children, remained in the house. They sat down to meals with their carbines loaded and within hand reach. That house was not attacked, though the horns of the White Boys were often heard around them. When word came that a party of White Boys was out at any spot, the cavalry would ride out and disperse them, which they generally did.

14. The Mardyke walk of Cork

    Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1806

    The Mardyke in Cork is made ground, raised above low-lying marshy fields once covered by each tide. The walk was created and gifted to the city by Mr. Webber, was called the 'Red House Walk' in the previous century, and received its gates in 1806.

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    The tower near St. Fin Barrs (called by the Normans "Ye Watche") was fiercelycontested in later days when the gallant Captain Townshend kicked away the ladder that led up to it (while the cannon balls made it rock), that his soldiers would have no chance of running away. The Mardyke and district, as most people know, is made ground, the Dyke itself being raised high above the low-lying marshy fields, which of course were covered at first by each full tide. Cork people should be very grateful to the good Mr. Webber who had it made, and made a present of it to the city. It was called the "Red House Walk" in last century, and the gates were not put up until 1806, as the name plates, "T. Barnes, Cork," show. By the way, the first tombstone erected in St. Joseph's Cemetery happens to be an iron one (you need not laugh, for it is an intended "bull ") ; it is in the same section as Father Mathew's cross, and was made at Barnes' foundry, for many years past Messrs. Perrott's. In twenty years more you may look in vain for the Dyke, for they are building so rapidly on it and cutting away the trees that obstruct the view, that it will be but a street, retaining the old name perhaps.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 281

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through Mardyke, in Cork. The ground here is made ground, raised high above low-lying marshy fields that were once covered by each full tide. The walk itself was made by Mr. Webber, who gave it to the city as a present. In the previous century it was called the Red House Walk. The gates were not put up until 1806, as the name plates showing T. Barnes, Cork, still attest. Near St. Fin Barrs there was a tower the Normans called Ye Watche. In later days a Captain Townshend kicked away the ladder that led up to it while cannon balls made it rock, so that his soldiers would have no chance of running away. The first tombstone erected in St. Joseph's Cemetery is an iron one, in the same section as Father Mathew's cross, and it was made at Barnes' foundry, for many years past Messrs. Perrott's. The writer warns that in twenty years more you may look in vain for the Dyke itself. They are building so rapidly on it and cutting away the trees that obstruct the view, that it will be but a street, retaining the old name perhaps.

15. Theobald Burke humiliated by Sir George Carew at Caherconlish Castle

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick · 1600

    In 1600 Theobald Burke was living in Caherconlish Castle when Sir George Carew subjected him to an ignominious humiliation, forcing him to crawl on hands and knees to beg pardon, as described in Pacata Hibernia. The author notes this reflected changed times for the Burkes' power.

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    In the year 1600 there was a Theobald Burke living in Caherconlish Castle. Sir George Carew gives in Pacata Hibernia a description of the ignominious way in which he treated him, causing him to crawl on his hands and knees to beg pardon. 'Twas other times with the Burkes then. When I come to deal with his brother, John Burke, of Brittas Castle. I shall give the quotation from Pacata Hibernia.

    In 1645 the Burkes having taken part in that rebellion bid goodbye to Caherconlish, and the estate was granted to Sir Ralph Wilson, knight, who held Limerick as governor at Cromwell's death, and was one of the signatories to the document signed by the governors of Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Galway, and other places, in which they said they would hold

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 202

    As the companion tells it

    Caherconlish is a town the road passes through or near. In 1600 a Theobald Burke was living in Caherconlish Castle. Sir George Carew records in Pacata Hibernia how he humiliated Burke ignominiously, causing him to crawl on his hands and knees to beg pardon. The author of the passage remarks, "Twas other times with the Burkes then." In 1645 the Burkes, having taken part in that rebellion, bid goodbye to Caherconlish. The estate was granted to Sir Ralph Wilson, knight, who held Limerick as governor at Cromwell's death, and was one of the signatories to a document signed by the governors of Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Galway, and other places, in which they said they would hold.

16. Tradition of Maurene ni Picket at Kilcullen

    Kilcullen · electoral division · Cork

    Local people preserve a tradition of a woman named Maurene ni Picket who owned all the land around Kilcullen, possessed a white cow for every day of the year, and bore twenty-one sons, yet was dispossessed and died destitute in Ballyneety.

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    years ago when the ground was covered with snow. On my expressing surprise that he chose such a time, he said the snow always melted over the spot where gold was concealed. The field in which this old graveyard was is still called Kyle. Near it is an old fort called Shanavullen, and not far from Shanavullen, the people say, there was a castle belonging to the Burkes, but no trace is now left. Part of the old road which formerly ran through Kilcullen may still be seen. In the '• Indenture of Perambulation " of the city bounds this road is called the Causea, that is, "the causeway," as it went through a bog, a large portion of which is still left. Sir Thomas Southwell, 2) bart, obtained the grant of Kilcullen, alias Kilcoleene, from Cromwell. A large part of Kilcullen is now the property of Mr. John Bolton Massy, of Ballywire. The people have a tradition of a certain Maurene ni Picket who owned all this land, and who had a white cow for ever)- day in the year, and furthermore was the mother of twentyone sons, but having been deprived of her property died very poor in Ballyneety. The people here also tell stories of another old lady, a Mrs. Burke, wife or mother to the last Burke of Ballinagarde, " place of the artificers " (ceard). When she appeared before the commissioners she could not speak a word of English, but she begged piteously in the Irish language to be allowed to end her days in peace in her loved Ballinagarde, and the people say that her request was granted, and point out a grave near one of the entrance gates of Ballinagarde demesne in which she was buried at her own request. The people report that Ballinagarde^ was disposed of for a white horse. In many a tale of these sequestrated properties the white horse figures. It was by means of a white horse the old people say the Brodricks acquired the Midleton estates.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 273

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near a place in Cork called Kilcullen, where the old road was called the Causea, the causeway, because it ran through a bog, much of which is still there. Sir Thomas Southwell obtained the grant of this land from Cromwell. A large part of it now belongs to Mr. John Bolton Massy of Ballywire. But the people here keep a tradition of a woman named Maurene ni Picket. They say she owned all this land. She had a white cow for every day of the year. She was the mother of 21 sons. Then she was deprived of her property, and she died very poor in Ballyneety. Not far from an old graveyard field still called Kyle there is a fort called Shanavullen. The people say a castle belonging to the Burkes stood near it, but no trace remains. They also tell of another old lady, Mrs. Burke, wife or mother to the last Burke of Ballinagarde, a name meaning "place of the artificers." When she appeared before the commissioners she could not speak a word of English, but she begged piteously in Irish to be allowed to end her days in peace in her beloved Ballinagarde. The people say her request was granted, and they point out a grave near one of the entrance gates of Ballinagarde demesne where she was buried at her own wish. They report that Ballinagarde was disposed of for a white horse. In many a tale of these seized properties the white horse figures. The old people say it was by means of a white horse that the Brodricks acquired the Midleton estates.

17. United Irishmen arrested in Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork · 1797

    On 22nd May, over twenty United Irishmen including two delegates from the north were arrested in Cork based on secret informer information and lodged in the bridewell. The arrests reflected the government's extensive intelligence network against seditious societies.

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    for . . . the destruction of the established Constitution . . . by means of open Violence and secret Arrangements for raising, arming and paying a disciplined Force . . . who have frequently assembled in large armed Bodies and plundered Houses, etc."; and the proclamation warns all not to enter into the conspiracy, but to give information as to meetings of such societies, and orders the seizure of arms, and ends by offering a pardon to all who may have been seduced, on condition of their coming in by 24th June and giving surety to be of good behaviour for seven years. Government had at this time received from secret informers — (1; The declaration and constitution of the United Irishmen ; (2) minutes and proceedings of two of the societies ; (3) reports from provincial and county committees ; (4) report of the military committee ; (5) forms of the oath of an officer and of a soldier ; (6) names of many of the society with the arms in their custody, and much other knowledge, which shows how readily Government secured information, as is always the case in Irish conspiracies. In Cork, on the 22nd May, from information obtained, over twenty United Irishmen, including two "delegates" from the north, were arrested and lodged in bridewell ; and at Bandon eight men were committed for unlawful assembly and firing on a party of Fencible Dragoons ; and two soldiers of the Wexford Militia, quartered at that town, were shot for taking the oaths. The famous mutiny at the Nore followed next month, fostered, as was believed, by Irish influence ; and the seizures of persons for seditious oaths became more frequent, the Muskerry Cavalry being diligent in this work. John Warren and John Hawkes, members of the corps, were among the committing magistrates of several persons arrested in Muskerry. But Government, nevertheless, deemed themselves strong enough now in force to dispense with some of their precautions which pressed heavily on district corps, and the Muskerry Cavalry, with others, received a Government circular, dated 25th August, directing that picquets and guards mounted by such corps, may be discontinued, except where ordered by the General of the district.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city was the scene of a major sweep against the United Irishmen in 1797. On the 22nd of May, over 20 of them were arrested here, including two delegates from the north, and lodged in the bridewell. The arrests came from information obtained through secret informers. Government had built an extensive intelligence network. From informers they had secured the declaration and constitution of the United Irishmen, minutes and proceedings of two of the societies, reports from provincial and county committees, a report of the military committee, forms of the oath of an officer and of a soldier, and names of many of the society with the arms in their custody. The material notes that government secured information readily, as was always the case in Irish conspiracies. A proclamation had warned all not to enter into the conspiracy, ordered the seizure of arms, and offered a pardon to those who had been seduced, on condition they came in by the 24th of June and gave surety to be of good behaviour for seven years. The arrests were not confined to Cork. At Bandon eight men were committed for unlawful assembly and firing on a party of Fencible Dragoons. Two soldiers of the Wexford Militia, quartered at that town, were shot for taking the oaths. The famous mutiny at the Nore followed the next month, fostered, as was believed, by Irish influence. Seizures of persons for seditious oaths became more frequent, the Muskerry Cavalry being diligent in this work. John Warren and John Hawkes, members of the corps, were among the committing magistrates of several persons arrested in Muskerry. By August the government felt strong enough in force to ease some precautions. A circular dated the 25th of August directed that picquets and guards mounted by corps like the Muskerry Cavalry could be discontinued, except where ordered by the General of the district.

18. Vosterburgh: Dutch engineer's house and fountain remains

    Cork · city · Cork

    Vosterburgh was the home of an ingenious Dutchman, Old Voster, who brought natural hill water to the property. Remains included a fountain boy on a pedestal, two ornamental ponds with a triton and swans, and a built-up arch visible from the road; it was also known as Mount Pisgah due to its far-reaching view.

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    Vosterburgh. — Our fellow-member, Mr. G. C. Beale, lias entrusted a letter to me, written by a valued correspondent of our Society, Mr. K. J. Lecky, of London, from which, with his permission, I have culled the following notes of local historic interest : — " Vosterburgh(') —Few now recollect it even in its decay. Old Voster was an ingenious Dutchman, and brought in the natural water of the hill to some advantage. Some of the remains I remember. One was a little boy(z) [fountain] perched upon a square pedestal, from which the water flowed. It stood at the corner as you turned to the right to the hall door. To the south, across the avenue, were two ponds. The first, I think, had a triton in the centre, blowing a jet from a conch shell, and the other had one or two swans, with streams from their bills. The overflow was taken on to the road by a little spout in the centre of a shallow alcove which was built up.(3) ... I never was at the old burying-ground,(4) although often hearing of it. Abraham Abell told a story of a milk girl getting an awful fright on the road one morning early by seeing a human skull rolling down the road before her, out of which jumped a rat, who must have had a long journey. . . . Old Voster wrote that really good arithmetic that so long carried his name. He was a capital mechanic. I have a boxwood slide rule of his make, three feet long, covered with logarithmic and other scales beautifully divided. I had some other things of his doing, engraved copper plates for copy books, but they have disappeared. He made a set of standard measures, gallons, etc., for the Corporation, which were built of squared plates of brass, bolted together at the angles, and a standard yard, screwed down on the sill of the south opening or window of the old Exchange in the South Main Street, which Mr. Richard Sainthill had removed when the Exchange was demolished. I am not sure if he made the table or head of ' the nail' which stood in the centre of the open halKs) of the Exchange, but it is likely that this was before his time."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 285

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Cork, you are near Vosterburgh, a place few now remember even in its decay. It was the home of Old Voster, an ingenious Dutchman who brought in the natural water of the hill to some advantage. The place was also known as Mount Pisgah, for the far-reaching view. The remains Mr. Lecky recalled were of a garden fed by that hill water. There was a little fountain boy perched on a square pedestal, and the water flowed from it down at the corner as you turned to the hall door. To the south, across the avenue, were two ponds. The first had a triton in the centre, blowing a jet from a conch shell. The other had one or two swans, with streams from their bills. The overflow ran on to the road through a little spout set in a shallow alcove, which was built up. Old Voster wrote a really good arithmetic that long carried his name, and he was a capital mechanic. Mr. Lecky had a boxwood slide rule of his make, three feet long, covered with logarithmic and other scales beautifully divided. Voster made engraved copper plates for copy books, now disappeared. He made a set of standard measures for the Corporation, gallons and so on, built of squared brass plates bolted at the angles. He made a standard yard, screwed down on the sill of a window of the old Exchange in South Main Street, which Richard Sainthill had removed when the Exchange was demolished. Abraham Abell told a story of a milk girl getting an awful fright on the road one early morning, seeing a human skull rolling down the road before her, out of which jumped a rat.

19. Brown family tradition at Knockroe hills

    Knockroe · townland · Limerick

    A local oral tradition held that the ancestors of John Brown lived at the foot of the Knockroe hills. English soldiers attempted to drive off the Browns' cattle, a fight ensued in which a soldier was killed, and the family fled to a western place called Brown's Island before returning to Caherconlish.

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    Until a few years ago there was a tea tower standing in the orchard at west end of village. This was erected by a Mr. MacXamara, whose uncle, Mr. John Brown,(ic0 was an architect, and owned a good deal of house property in Caherconlish in the beginning of the century. Mr. MacXamara, whose father belonged to Cork city, had a somewhat romantic career. When young he went to France, and having learned the wine business there, came home and set up in business in Limerick, and soon realized a large fortune, but he lost it all again, and died a poor man in America. Mr. John Brown was in partnership with Mr. Hannan, the architect of the county Limerick Courthouse, which was opened in 1809, and he and Mr. Hannan built several of the glebe houses erected about this time in county Limerick. The Browns first appear in the municipal lists of Limerick in the fifteenth century. 1 heard a curious tradition about the family of Mr. John Brown. His ancestors lived at the foot of Knockroe hills. Some English soldiers having endeavoured to drive off the cattle of the Browns, there ensued a fight in which one of the soldiers was killed ; the Browns fearing the consequence, and considering "discretion the better part of valour," sought safety in flight, and went off to some place in the west, called after them Brown's Island,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 209

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Knockroe, the ancestors of John Brown lived at the foot of the hills. A curious tradition survives about the family. Some English soldiers endeavoured to drive off the cattle of the Browns. A fight ensued, and one of the soldiers was killed. The Browns, fearing the consequence, and considering "discretion the better part of valour," sought safety in flight. They went off to some place in the west, called after them Brown's Island. The family later returned to Caherconlish. John Brown was an architect who owned a good deal of house property in Caherconlish in the beginning of the century. He was in partnership with Mr. Hannan, the architect of the county Limerick Courthouse, which opened in 1809. Together they built several glebe houses in county Limerick. The Browns first appear in the municipal lists of Limerick in the 15th century. John Brown's nephew, Mr. MacXamara, whose father belonged to Cork city, erected a tea tower in the orchard at the west end of the village. MacXamara had a romantic career. When young he went to France, learned the wine business there, came home and set up in business in Limerick. He soon realized a large fortune, but lost it all again, and died a poor man in America.

20. French invasion alarm near Sligo mobilises Muskerry Cavalry

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1803

    In October 1803, an alarm spread that the French had landed near Sligo, prompting the 1st Muskerry Cavalry to meet on parade. This reflects the nervousness during the Napoleonic era.

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    Total . . ,£19 3 7\ The amount of their expenses at Macroom ' the night we returned ' is left blank" " October 22/id. The first troop met on parade this day in consequence of an alarm that spread that the French landed near Sligo. Richard Splaine left the first and joined the second troop.

    "October 2\th. Received orders, dated Dublin Castle, 15 Oct., 1S03, allowing two guineas per man to the corps for new clothing. Signed, ' E. B. Littlehales.'

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near Sligo. In October 1803 an alarm spread that the French had landed near this town, and the first troop of the Muskerry Cavalry met on parade in consequence. Richard Splaine left the first troop and joined the second. Orders came from Dublin Castle, dated the 15th of October 1803, signed E. B. Littlehales, allowing two guineas per man to the corps for new clothing.

21. Kilbrittain Castle built by Patrick de Courcey

    near Kilbrittain · street · Cork

    Kilbrittain Castle was built by Patrick de Courcey, eleventh baron of Kinsale, on lands formerly belonging to the McCarthys from which they had been dispossessed by the De Courceys. It subsequently became the residence of McCarthy Reagh.

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    Reference has been made to Edmund de Courcey, bishop of Ross, etc. He was of the old and remarkable Anglo-Norman family of De Courcey. Kilbrittain castle, subsequently the residence of McCarthy Reagh, was built by his father, Patrick de Courcey, eleventh baron of Kinsale, on lands formerly belonging to the McCarthys, and from which they were dispossessed by the De Courceys. Edmund became a Franciscan friar in Timoleague Abbey, and professor of divinity ; was advanced to the sec of Clogher on June iSth, 14S4. As we have seen he was Pope's Nuncio in Ireland, and a great favourite of the king's (Henry VII.), whose rights he strenuously assisted against Simnel and Warbcck ; and when oaths and fidelity were enforced, he was exempted from them, and was one of the first sent for by Sir Richard Edgecombe to advise with concerning his proceeding- in settling the country, lie was transferred to the see of Ross after the death of bishop Odo or Hugh O'Driscoll, 26th September, 1404. He held the sec of Clogher still, and had a coadjutor for its administration. He died

    502 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 289

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Kilbrittain stands a castle with a tangled history. Kilbrittain Castle was built by Patrick de Courcey, the eleventh baron of Kinsale, on lands that had formerly belonged to the McCarthys. The De Courceys had dispossessed the McCarthys of those lands, and Patrick raised his castle there. In time the castle became the residence of McCarthy Reagh. Patrick's son was Edmund de Courcey, who became a Franciscan friar in Timoleague Abbey and a professor of divinity. He was advanced to the see of Clogher. He served as Pope's Nuncio in Ireland and was a great favourite of King Henry the Seventh, assisting the king's rights against Simnel and Warbeck. When oaths and fidelity were enforced, Edmund was exempted from them. He was one of the first sent for by Sir Richard Edgecombe to advise concerning the settling of the country. After the death of bishop Odo, or Hugh O'Driscoll, on the 26th of September, 1404, Edmund was transferred to the see of Ross. He held the see of Clogher still, and had a coadjutor for its administration.

22. Lord rides to Castlelyons to meet the Lord President

    Castlelyons · town · Cork · 1642

    The Lord of Lismore rode to Castlelyons to meet the Lord President and brought him back to Lismore. The march between Lismore and Castlelyons involved killing rebels and capturing castles along the way.

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    My Lord road to Castle Lyons to meet the Lord President and brought his Lordship home with him which was taken very loveingly and in good part ; uppon our march between Lismore and Castle Lyons their were killed divers of the Rebles, wee took the Castle of Turbeath, which Mr. Richard Cundane had formerly taken from Mr. Osborne's servantes and burnt all the houses in Cundane's countrey and this side of the Blackwater, there were also taken some few prisoners, most of the Gentlemen of the countrey were at the Towne of Killurd, alias Ffleetewoods plantation, uppon the other side of the water.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 174

    As the companion tells it

    In 1642, the Lord of Lismore rode to Castlelyons, in Cork, to meet the Lord President, and brought him back to Lismore. The meeting was taken lovingly and in good part. On the march back to Lismore, several rebels were killed. They took the Castle of Turbeath, which Richard Cundane had formerly taken from Osborne's servants. They burnt all the houses in Cundane's country and on this side of the Blackwater. A few prisoners were taken. Most of the gentlemen of the country were at the town of Killurd, also called Fleetwood's plantation, on the other side of the water.

23. Papal intervention in the Bishopric of Cork and Cloyne

    Cork · city · Cork · 1492

    Pope Alexander VI issued a bull noting that Thaddeus McCarthy could not access the cities or churches of Cork and Cloyne due to the jealousy of the FitzGeralds. The Pope declared that Thaddeus's acts had the same power as if performed in those churches.

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    and Edmund, brothers, and the subjects of the foresaid city and university, besides Philip 0'Ronayne,(4) cleric of the diocese of Cork, and in the fullest manner censures them from his own knowledge for hindering Thaddeus in the possession of his diocese. His Holiness calls upon all archbishops, bishops, chapters and laity, etc., to carry out all the ceremonies of excommunication against the foregoing. His Holiness also calls upon all archbishops, bishops, prelates and the beloved sons, the noble Gerald, Earl of Kildare, and Florence McKarryg, prince of Carbery, and Tadeus, prince of Desmond, and Cormac the son of Tadcus, and young Donald McKarryg, and Maurice Roche, and their brothers, sons, and subjects, to assist Thaddeus in the possession of his see. His Holiness also mentions that he has heard that Thaddeus cannot approach the cities or churches of Cork and Cloyne, and declares that every act of his has the same power as if performed in the churches of Cork and Cloyne. In this bull of the Pope we sec plainly shown the jealousy of the FitzGeralds and their adherents ; they do not wish to have a McCarthy in the episcopal see of Cork and Cloyne. On the other hand we see the Pope calls on the Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, and whose daughter was married to McCarthy Reagh, to come to the aid of Thaddeus ; on Florence himself, prince of Carbery; Tadeus, prince of Desmond (McCarthy Mor ; Cormac Thadeus, of Blarney, and young Donald McCarthy Reagh, and Maurice Roche.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this is a city whose churches stood at the centre of a papal dispute in 1492. Pope Alexander VI issued a bull about Thaddeus McCarthy, who had been blocked from taking up his bishopric of Cork and Cloyne. The Pope had heard that Thaddeus could not approach the cities or churches of Cork and Cloyne, and he declared that every act Thaddeus performed had the same power as if it had been performed in those very churches. The bull censures those who hindered Thaddeus in the possession of his diocese, and calls on all archbishops, bishops, chapters and laity to carry out the ceremonies of excommunication against them. The Pope also called on the noble Gerald, Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to come to Thaddeus's aid. He called on Florence McKarryg, prince of Carbery, and Tadeus, prince of Desmond, and Cormac the son of Tadcus, and young Donald McKarryg, and Maurice Roche, and their brothers, sons and subjects, to assist Thaddeus in the possession of his see. The Earl of Kildare's own daughter was married to McCarthy Reagh. The bull plainly shows the jealousy of the FitzGeralds and their adherents. They did not wish to have a McCarthy in the episcopal see of Cork and Cloyne.

24. Rathgogan Castle at Charleville — Cogan, Desmond, Cuffe origins

    Charleville · town · Cork · 1170–1587

    Rathgogan Castle stood where the town of Charleville now stands, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. It was likely built by the Cogans soon after Strongbow's arrival, passed to the Earl of Desmond, was included in his forfeiture, and was granted to undertaker Hugh Cuffe by a fiant dated 14 November 1587, before passing into the hands of the first Earl of Cork.

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    (IO) Rathgogan Castle stood where the town of Charleville now stands, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. Little is known of its ancient history; but the name points to its having been built by the Cogans, as was Kilbolane, soon after the arrival of Strongbow. From them it came to the Earl of Desmond, and was included in his forfeiture ; and was among the lands granted to Hugh Cuffe, one of the undertakers, by grant recited in Fiant, Eliz., No. 5,066, dated 14th November, 1587, wherein it is mentioned as "The castle and lands of Rathgogan, late David Encorig X«)'of the marsh], alias M "Gibbon's lands . . . late the Earl of Desmond's." The text shows that it had passed into the rapacious hands of the first Earl of Cork.

    All students of that mine of Irish history, The Fiants, published by the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Ireland, are indebted to Father Lyons for his learned and valuable paper on " The Nicknames in the Fiant s," published in the preceding volume of this Journal, pp. 337 et seq.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Charleville stands where Rathgogan Castle once stood, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. Little is known of its ancient history, but the name points to its having been built by the Cogans, as Kilbolane was, soon after the arrival of Strongbow. From the Cogans it came to the Earl of Desmond, and was included in his forfeiture. It was among the lands granted to Hugh Cuffe, one of the undertakers, by grant recited in a fiant of Elizabeth, numbered 5066, dated 14 November 1587. In that fiant it is described as, in the words of the source, "the castle and lands of Rathgogan, late David Encorig" of the marsh, alias Gibbon's lands, late the Earl of Desmond's. The text shows that it had passed into the rapacious hands of the first Earl of Cork.

25. Rebel army consumes corn stores at Buttevant

    Buttevant · town · Cork

    Lord Roche drew the rebel army to Buttevant, where a great stackyard of corn belonging to Captain William Kingsmill sufficed the army for four or five days. The rebels ate all the corn thereabouts before requesting passage over the Mallow bridge.

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    The cause of their coming again into those parts (for most of this army were of those that were at the siege of Moyalloe) is said to be that, after they had returned home from that siege, they had little business to do in the county of Tipperary, where the Baron(9} of Loghma, Richard Butler, and the Lord of Dunboyne lived, having long before rifled all the English there, and no enemy near them ; and yet they had a desire to keep their men together in readiness for all occasions, which if they would have done resting in their own country they would have quickly exhausted all the provision therein ; wherefore they led them from home with pretence to assist the county Cork men and the General in his pretended siege. But as they were marching thereto, Lord Roche, fearing incursions on him by Lord Inchiquin and Captain Jephson, persuaded Butler (to whom the chief command of that army was intrusted) to lie in his country for the defence thereof, where, when they were kept three or four days, they had so harrowed the country that there was no means of livelihood left for them ; and to prevent their mutinying Lord Roche drew them to Buttevant, suggesting (as was true) that there was a great stackyard of corn there belonging to Captain William Kingsmill which would suffice the whole army for four or five days, which moved them to condescend to that proposition, for they were never out of their way when they could get victuals ; and for this cause they came again to Buttevant, and there stayed till they had eaten that and all the rest of the corn thereabouts, and thence writ to Captain Jephson about passing the bridge as already mentioned ; neither were they very conscionable to take from the very Irish themselves where they could not be easily supplied out of the English.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Buttevant holds a story from the rebel army's march through Cork. Most of this army had been at the siege of Moyalloe before returning home to Tipperary, where the Baron of Loghma, Richard Butler, and the Lord of Dunboyne lived. They had already rifled all the English there and had no enemy near them, yet they wanted to keep their men together in readiness. Resting in their own country would have quickly exhausted all the provision therein, so they led the men away with pretence to assist the county Cork men and the General in his pretended siege. But as they marched, Lord Roche feared incursions on him by Lord Inchiquin and Captain Jephson. He persuaded Butler, who held the chief command of that army, to lie in his country for the defence thereof. After three or four days they had so harrowed the country that no means of livelihood was left. To prevent mutiny, Lord Roche drew them to Buttevant, suggesting that there was a great stackyard of corn there belonging to Captain William Kingsmill which would suffice the whole army for four or five days. The army was never out of their way when they could get victuals, so they agreed. They came and stayed until they had eaten that and all the rest of the corn thereabouts. From there they wrote to Captain Jephson about passing the bridge. They were not very conscionable either, taking from the very Irish themselves where they could not be easily supplied out of the English.

26. Water Gate site at Queen's Old Castle, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Water Gate of walled Cork, flanked by the Queen's Castle and the King's Castle near Castle Street, provided a dock and refuge for small ships and gave rise to the city's Latin motto 'Statio Bene Fida Carinis'. The site is now marked by the Queen's Old Castle (Lyons & Co. Ltd.) on the Grand Parade.

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    There are many thousands of our citizens whose ideas of the growth of their native city are very vague, it might be said they know nothing at all about it, and to make it plain to them and to strangers, I propose taking them in imagination, or in reality, "Round about the Walls of Cork," and showing them the actual traces and the solid remains of the walls which are still standing. Let us start southward from the Water Gate, and come back to the same spot again after passing round the limits of the ancient city. Stand in front of the Queen's Old Castle (Lyons & Co. Ltd.), on the Grand Parade, and you look westward. That is the exact site of the Water Gate, whose two castles — the Queen's Castle and the King's Castle, nearer to Castle Street — with a spiked gate of strong timbers, and its dock within, formed a safe refuge for the small ships of the period, and was the origin of Cork Arms and the Latin motto Statio Bene Fida Caruiis. The stream that runs through Nile Street, Liberty Street, Patric Street, till it flows into the north channel near the bridge, by Merchants' Quay, though unseen is still there, and is all that remains as a mark. The centre part of Lyons' establishment is the front of the city courthouse of the last century; its three narrow doors and windows are unaltered; the wings at each side are only modern extensions. The late lamented Richard Caulfield, ll.d., told me he saw the great iron hooks on which the actual Water Gate hung, still fixed in the great stone blocks that held them, on one occasion when the street was dug up. There are many stories that might be told of the Water Gate. It will suffice to remind you of one dark night early in December, when the officer in charge of Roche's Castle, which stood where the Young Men's Society faces Liberty Street, stole silently down the little quay of the dock, and treacherously opened the Water Gateerehe returned. Shortly after, the "Ironsides" of Cromwell began to wade through the slush of the Rush Marsh, and waist deep through the shallow water, until they assembled in hundreds on the little quay, giving rise to the terrible calamity recorded as " Cromwell's Christmas," and the nearly extinct bad wish, " The curse of Cromwell on you."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, it passes the site of the old Water Gate of the walled city. The exact spot is in front of the building called the Queen's Old Castle, Lyons and Company, on the Grand Parade. The Water Gate was flanked by two castles: the Queen's Castle and the King's Castle, which stood nearer to Castle Street. Between them was a spiked gate of strong timbers, with a dock inside that formed a safe refuge for the small ships of the period. This gate was the origin of the Cork Arms and the Latin motto "Statio bene fida carinis." A stream still runs unseen beneath the streets, through Nile Street, Liberty Street, Patric Street, until it flows into the north channel near the bridge by Merchants' Quay. The centre part of the Lyons establishment is the front of the city courthouse of the last century. Its three narrow doors and windows are unaltered, and the wings at each side are only modern extensions. Richard Caulfield, a doctor of laws, said he once saw the great iron hooks on which the actual Water Gate hung, still fixed in the great stone blocks that held them, on an occasion when the street was dug up. There is one story from the Water Gate worth telling. On a dark night early in December, the officer in charge of Roche's Castle, which stood where the Young Men's Society faces Liberty Street, stole silently down the little quay of the dock and treacherously opened the Water Gate. Shortly after, the Ironsides of Cromwell began to wade through the slush of the Rush Marsh, waist deep through the shallow water, until they assembled in hundreds on the little quay. This gave rise to the terrible calamity recorded as "Cromwell's Christmas," and to the nearly extinct bad wish, "The curse of Cromwell on you."

27. Severe cold and freezing of the River Lee and The Lough

    The Lough · electoral division · Cork · 1881

    On January 16, 1881, Cork experienced 20 degrees of frost. Thick ice covered the river far below the Custom House, and The Lough froze to a depth of eight inches.

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    in London this century was 94 degrees, and at Paris and New York about 10 degrees higher. The greatest cold experienced at Cork for the past seventy-rive years was on January /lh, 1894, wlien the temperature tell to 11 degrees Fahrenheit, or 21 degrees ol" frost. On January 16th, 1881, we had 20 degrees ol" frost. The severe cold was of longer duration on that occasion, when thick ice covered the river far below the Custom House; the Lough had eight inches of ice, and icycles might have been seen hanging from below the horses' mouths from the condensation of vapour from their nostrils. The cold experienced in England and Scotland was intense, reaching in the midland counties to live degrees below zero, and to zero in London.

    The warmest summer for the last thirty-three years was that of 1887, and the coolest 1862. In the latter the highest temperature was 71 degrees. Owing to the deficiency of heat the crops were late and produce small. In many places the corn had to be cut down green and given to the cattle. The winter of 1878-9 was the coldest in the memory of that oft-qnoted individual, the oldest inhabitant. The year 1879 was a peculiar one. Guided solely by the temperature, not by the almanac, we had six months winter, a spring and autumn, but no summer; the highest temperature was only 71 degrees. This was the last as well as the most unfavourable of three or four years of agricultural depression and failure, producing widespread distress, which would have resulted in actual famine but for the liberal and timely contributions from England, the Colonies, and America, as well as from the more prosperous of the Irish themselves.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 129

    As the companion tells it

    On January 16, 1881, the road through The Lough, here in Cork, saw 20 degrees of frost. The severe cold lasted longer than most freezes. Thick ice covered the river far below the Custom House, and The Lough froze to a depth of eight inches. Icicles hung from below the mouths of horses, formed from the condensation of vapour from their nostrils. The cold reached across England and Scotland too, falling to five degrees below zero in the midland counties and to zero in London. That freeze came after a run of bitter years. The winter of 1878 to 1879 was the coldest in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. The year 1879 brought six months of winter, a spring and an autumn, but no summer. The highest temperature was only 71 degrees. Crops were late and the produce was small. In many places the corn had to be cut down green and given to the cattle. It was the last and the most unfavourable of three or four years of agricultural depression and failure. The widespread distress would have resulted in actual famine but for liberal and timely contributions from England, the Colonies, and America, as well as from the more prosperous of the Irish themselves. The warmest summer in thirty-three years was that of 1887, and the coolest was 1862, when the highest temperature was also 71 degrees.

28. Abbot of the Cistercian Monastery of Fermoy

    Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1499

    In 1499, Patrick Cant (or Condon), abbot of the Cistercian monastery known as Beatae Mariae de Castro Dei in Fermoy, was nominated to the dioceses of Cork and Cloyne. The dioceses were described as being under the dominion of the Earl of Desmond.

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    former, Patrick Cant, or Condon, abbot of the Cistercian monastery, " Beatae Mariae de Castro Dei," Fermoy, diocese of Cloyne, in the consistory, 15th February, 1499, on his nomination to the dioceses of Cork and Cloyne, are represented as being " in the dominion of the Earl of Desmond, who only recognises St. Peter and the apostolic see." And the king of England, who wished to confer these sees on John FitzEdmund Fitzgerald, in whose favour a former incumbent had resigned, Gerald de Geraldinis, 8th April, 1499, complains to His Holiness, and wonders that more weight is given to the letter of his subject than to himself (Brady's Slice, vol. ii., page 81).

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 288

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Fermoy, in 1499, Patrick Cant, or Condon, abbot of the Cistercian monastery called Beatae Mariae de Castro Dei, was nominated to the dioceses of Cork and Cloyne. The dioceses were described as being in the dominion of the Earl of Desmond, who, in the words of the record, "only recognises St. Peter and the apostolic see." The king of England wished to confer these sees on John FitzEdmund Fitzgerald, in whose favour a former incumbent, Gerald de Geraldinis, had resigned on the 8th of April, 1499. The king complained to His Holiness and wondered that more weight was given to the letter of his subject than to himself.

29. Agricultural distress and near famine of 1879 in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1879

    The year 1879 was marked by agricultural failure and widespread distress in Cork, which would have led to actual famine without timely contributions from England, the Colonies, and America.

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    The warmest summer for the last thirty-three years was that of 1887, and the coolest 1862. In the latter the highest temperature was 71 degrees. Owing to the deficiency of heat the crops were late and produce small. In many places the corn had to be cut down green and given to the cattle. The winter of 1878-9 was the coldest in the memory of that oft-qnoted individual, the oldest inhabitant. The year 1879 was a peculiar one. Guided solely by the temperature, not by the almanac, we had six months winter, a spring and autumn, but no summer; the highest temperature was only 71 degrees. This was the last as well as the most unfavourable of three or four years of agricultural depression and failure, producing widespread distress, which would have resulted in actual famine but for the liberal and timely contributions from England, the Colonies, and America, as well as from the more prosperous of the Irish themselves.

    The daily range or extremes of da}7 and night temperatures at Cork is about 12 degrees, it sometimes, but rarely, reaches 25 degrees, monthly extremes being considered high at 35 degrees. Dublin and London, but particularly the latter, are subject to greater extremes of temperature. So far we are more highly favoured.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 129

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, you are travelling through a city that lived through a year of hunger. The winter of 1878 to 1879 was the coldest anyone could remember. The oldest inhabitant said so, and the oldest inhabitant is always quoted. The year 1879 gave six months of winter, a spring, an autumn, and no summer at all. The highest temperature reached was only 71 degrees. This was the last and the worst of three or four years of agricultural depression and failure. The crops failed. The distress was widespread. It would have ended in actual famine, but for contributions that came from England, the Colonies, and America, as well as from the more prosperous of the Irish themselves. Cork's daily range between day and night temperatures is about 12 degrees, rarely reaching 25. Dublin and London suffer greater extremes. So far Cork has been more favoured in that, if not in its harvests.

30. Barony of Condons plunged into rebellion

    Condons and Clangibbon · barony · Cork · 1641–1642

    In the Barony of Condons, local Catholics joined with Baron Loghmore and Captain Grave's soldiers to pillage and kill their Protestant neighbours. This violence forced Protestants to flee to castles or nearby garrisons for safety.

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    Thursday the seventh of December. — My Lord President gave me notice the Rebles had robbed the Lord Arch Bishop of Cashell and driven away his Graces cattle and flock from his Pallace of Casnus (Camus). Made after them and found some of the said cattle in the Bawne of a gentleman not far from Cashell whereuppon his Lordship caused the Rebles houses to be fired and sent the gentleman to Clonemell Gayle, after which time wee were indifferent quiett until Baron Loghmore and Captain Grave's souldiers came into our company and stole the cattle and pillaged as they went, their stealthes and villanyes they committed were commonly in the night for the most part. Most of their Armes were halfe pikes and [2] sleanes ; not long after their coming in this thievish kind of way, but most of the Papists in our Barony of Cundans consorted themselves with them and robbed their next neighbours, and killed such as did withstand them without any regard of former intamatory of love, or tyes of favours don them and anncient acquaintance ; which made all the Protestantes in those partes to fly to castles for the safety of their p.sons and lives, or run away to some Post Towne or to the next strength adjoining and leave all they had with them.

    My honourable Lord, the Lord of Broghill aforesaid, hearing of

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 170

    As the companion tells it

    The barony of Condons and Clangibbon was drawn into rebellion in December of 1641. The trouble began when rebels robbed the Lord Archbishop of Cashel and drove his cattle from his palace at Camus. The Lord President sent men after them and found some of the cattle in the bawn of a gentleman not far from Cashel. His Lordship had the rebels' houses burned and sent that gentleman to Clonmel jail. After that there was quiet for a time, until Baron Loghmore and Captain Grave's soldiers joined the company. They stole cattle and pillaged as they went, committing their thefts and villainy most commonly by night. Their arms were half pikes and sleans. Soon after their arrival the Catholics of the barony consorted with them and robbed their nearest neighbours. They killed any who resisted, with no regard for former love, favours done, or ancient acquaintance. This drove all the Protestants in those parts to fly to castles for the safety of their persons and lives, or to run away to some post town or the next strength adjoining, leaving all they had behind them.

31. Breanat, patron of Wallstown, and his holy well

    Wallstown · townland · Cork

    Tradition holds that St. Craebhnat had a sibling named Breanat, the patron of Wallstown, in whose honour a holy well is still largely patronised. Scholars debate whether Breanat is St. Bernard or a female saint.

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    Tradition states that Craebhnat had two brothers, or a brother and a sister, who devoted themselves to the service of God. One was Breanat, the patron of Wallstown, in whose honour a holy well is still largely patronised. Some scholars translate Breanat as St. Bernard, but on looking over Mr. Laurence Ginnell's " Gaelic Personal Names," in the New Ireland Review for November, 1S94, 1 find he gives Breacnat as a woman's name. The other was called Nicholas, and the well dedicated to him is situated near Monaminy Castle ; but on looking over Mr. Ginnell's list, I do not find any mention of that name. The next approaching it is Neassan, with the feminine Neassa. I should like to have the opinion of hagiologists on these questions. I should also like

    62 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere near here is a holy well still largely patronised in honour of Breanat, the patron of Wallstown. Tradition says that Breanat was a sibling of Craebhnat, one of two who devoted themselves to the service of God. The other was called Nicholas, and a well dedicated to him stands near Monaminy Castle. Scholars do not agree on who Breanat was. Some translate the name as Saint Bernard. But in a study of Gaelic personal names, Laurence Ginnell lists Breacnat as a woman's name. He does not list Nicholas at all, though the nearest name he gives is Neassan, with the feminine form Neassa. The writer of this record wanted the opinion of hagiologists on these questions. What is certain is that the well here still carries Breanat's name.

32. Burning of cabins and artillery fire in Moyalloe town

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

    Castle garrison forces at Moyalloe attempted to dislodge rebels from the town by hiring someone to set fire to cabins, burning many houses, and firing ordnance through a shingled stone house. The rebels responded by breaking through walls between houses to avoid the castle's line of fire.

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    the loss of some of their men, and from them to the castle, at which and at the platform', whereon the ordnance was mounted, they played much out of their spike-holes without hurt, the bawn walls being so high and the ground somewhat low from which they shot, so that they could not annoy anything but the upper part of the house, whereunto all the prejudice they did was the breaking of the glass and windows. Yet they of the castle liked their neighbourhood so ill that they endeavoured to remove them from thence ; and to that purpose (having first practised by stratagem to set fire on some thatched cabins, which proved ineffectual) they hired one in the night to fire the wind side of a house whereby many other houses were burned ; and then they discharged their ordnance at a shingled stone house from whence the shot came, and shot it clean through, which put the enemy to such a "plonder" that they were constrained to forsake their quarters and that end of the town. And finding it not safe to walk in the streets within reach of the castle, they brake down the walls, and made a passage from one house to another, where they lay, by which means they of the castle could neither see nor hurt them.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow in Cork was the scene of a fight in 1642 between a castle garrison and rebels who had taken up position in the town. The rebels fired at the castle and at the platform where the ordnance was mounted, but the bawn walls were high and the ground they shot from was low. They could hit only the upper part of the house, and all the damage they did was breaking the glass and windows. The garrison liked having them close so little that they set out to drive them off. They first tried by stratagem to set fire to some thatched cabins, but that failed. Then they hired a man in the night to fire the wind side of a house, and many other houses burned. They turned their ordnance on a shingled stone house the shot had been coming from and fired clean through it. The rebels were thrown into what the record calls "plonder" and had to abandon that end of the town. But they would not leave it there. They found it unsafe to walk the streets within reach of the castle, so they broke down the walls between houses and made a passage from one to the next, moving under cover. By that means the garrison could neither see them nor hurt them.

33. Castle Street and the old Exchange pillars

    Castle Street · street · Cork

    The Grecian edifice known as the Bazaar Market in Cork features pillars repurposed from the old Exchange, a handsome Dutch-style building that formerly stood at the corner of Castle Street.

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    There are few traces of antiquity about here, but the pillars of that Grecian edifice called the Bazaar Market, are the pillars of the old Exchange, a very handsome Dutchstyle building, at the corner of Castle Street. It was in the way they said; but here is Castle Street itself. It was a street of one side only, when the walls were up, for the wall of the dock formed its southern side, and Roche's Castle at the Main Street end, and the King's Castle at this end gave it the name which it still retains. But here, a few doors from Castle Street, towards the Parade, stood the King's Castle at the northern side of the Water Gate, and the spot to which I promised to bring you back, after going all around the walls. I told you little or nothing of the interior of the walled city, you can read it yourself from many sources, but the three castellated gates and the numerous flanking towers have disappeared, and can only be seen in pictures.

    Still you have walked round the whole extent of that little red spot on the big map, and though you maybe tired of details you cannot well complain of too long a journey " Round about the Walls of Cork."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 107

    As the companion tells it

    Castle Street takes its name from the castles that once stood at either end of it. Roche's Castle stood at the Main Street end, and the King's Castle stood at the other end, a few doors from Castle Street towards the Parade, on the northern side of the Water Gate. When the city walls were still standing, Castle Street had buildings on one side only, because the wall of the dock formed its southern side. The street still retains the name those castles gave it. Few traces of antiquity remain. The pillars of the Grecian edifice called the Bazaar Market are the pillars of the old Exchange, a very handsome Dutch-style building that formerly stood at the corner of Castle Street. The old Exchange was in the way, they said. The three castellated gates and the numerous flanking towers have disappeared, and can only be seen in pictures. The interior of the walled city can be read from many sources, but the walls themselves are gone.

34. Cloghleagh Castle yielded to Richard Cundane with townsfolk inside

    Cloghleagh · townland · Clare · 1642

    The great and strong castle of Cloghleagh was yielded to Mr. Richard Cundane, containing most inhabitants of the market town of Killurd along with people from Clogheen, Fermoy, and parishioners of Letrim and Clandullane, who had sought refuge there.

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    wife and chil- Honourable and religeous Countess cloathed a great many dren robbed, 0f them and amongst the rest my wife and children who were robbed and stripped in the said countrey, when the great and strong castle of Cloghleagh was yeelded up unto Mr. Richard Cundane, wherein were most of the inhabitants of the markett Towne of Killurd, and some of the inhabitants of the markett Towne of Clogheene and Ffermoy and divers of the parishioners of Letrim[^j/.]and Clandullane, all which the said Earle kept along tyme in his castle, and afterwards sent his troupe with them and convayed them safe to Yoghall ; I hope his loyalty, good service and charity expended on those and many hundreds more of distressed Protestants will not long go unrewarded, how ever I am confident he shall have an everlasting- reward.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 175

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1642, the great and strong castle of Cloghleagh was yielded up to Mr. Richard Cundane. Inside were most of the inhabitants of the market town of Killurd, some from the market towns of Clogheen and Fermoy, and parishioners of Letrim and Clandullane. They had sought refuge there. An Honourable and religious Countess clothed many who had been robbed and stripped in the country, including one man's wife and children. The Earl kept all these people a long time in his castle, and afterwards sent his troop with them and conveyed them safe to Youghal. The writer hoped his loyalty, good service, and charity to those and many hundreds more distressed Protestants would not long go unrewarded.

35. David Tyrry fined for refusing Reformed church service

    Cork · city · Cork · 1606–1624

    David Tyrry, alderman and mayor of Cork (1608, 1614), was fined £50 in 1606 by the Lord Justices for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches. He served as M.P. for Cork City in 1613 and was common speaker in 1624.

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    Was an alderman ; mayor of Cork, 1608, 1614; common speaker, 1624; fined £$0 in 1606 by the Lord Justices for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches. It was ordered by the Corporation, nth March, 1613, that he shall " have, as Burgess, per diem so much allowance as Mr. James Gallway, Burgess of Limericke, hath from that Corporation, and that to be deducted from the ^50 now to be given him towards these occasions." It was further ordered (27th September, 1615) that he be paid at the rate of ten shillings per day for his expenses, but this order was afterwards cancelled. He had a son, David.

    (A David Tyrry who was Mayor 1627-8 was not the M.P.)

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 191

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this is the city where David Tyrry lived and held office. He was an alderman, mayor of Cork in 1608 and again in 1614, and common speaker in 1624. In 1606 the Lord Justices fined him £50 for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches. The Corporation later ordered that as Burgess he should receive the same daily allowance as James Gallway, Burgess of Limerick, deducted from the £50 allotted towards his occasions. In September 1615 he was to be paid ten shillings a day for expenses, though that order was afterwards cancelled. He had a son, also named David.

36. Derby Donovan assault case bound over to Cork assizes, 1765

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1765

    In 1765, Virgil Johns, Henry Johns, and others were bound in £100 each to appear at Cork assizes for a year in case Derby Donovan died of wounds he received. Donovan survived and later assaulted Edward White of Ardford, and when arrested his friends rescued him in a general row.

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    An entry in 1761 tells that Lieutenant Maximilian Favier, of the Royal Scots, took the oaths and subscribed the declaration appointed by law. But it is not noted whether the oaths were those of a burgess. But the greater number of the entries are summons for assaults. Serious crimes were rare, and although the assaults are described in the most alarming language, " did beat, batter, bloodshed and inhumanly strike," no serious results seem to have followed. In 1765 two men were bound in £100 each to appear at the next and each assize to be held in Cork for the space of one year, in case, a certain " Derby Donovan shall dye within twelve kalander months of assault and wounds he received from the said Virgil Johns, Henry Johns, and others." But Derby Donovan, far from dying, lived to fight another day, and not long after was summoned, "for that he did assault, strike, and knock down, Edward White, of Ardford"; and further, when arrested, instead of going peaceably with the constable, his friends rescued him, and there seems to have been a grand general row.

    In fact Clonakilty must have been a lively little town on market days ; members of the grand jury occasionally took out cross-summonses against each other for assaults, and the women of the town do not seem to have been more peaceful than their husbands. These little battles were generally punished by fines, although one very doughty champion was sent to prison for two months ; and frequently the prisoners were liberated on paying fees and making satisfaction to the injured person.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 189

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonakilty, this was a lively little town on market days back in the 1760s. The records from that time are mostly summons for assaults. They are described in alarming language, that people did beat, batter, bloodshed and inhumanly strike, but no serious results seem to have followed. In 1765, two men were bound in £100 each to appear at the next and each assize to be held in Cork for the space of one year, in case a certain Derby Donovan shall dye within twelve kalander months of assault and wounds he received from Virgil Johns, Henry Johns, and others. But Derby Donovan, far from dying, lived to fight another day. Not long after, he was summoned for that he did assault, strike, and knock down Edward White of Ardford. And when arrested, instead of going peaceably with the constable, his friends rescued him, and there seems to have been a grand general row. Members of the grand jury occasionally took out cross-summonses against each other for assaults, and the women of the town do not seem to have been more peaceful than their husbands. These little battles were generally punished by fines, although one doughty champion was sent to prison for two months. Frequently the prisoners were liberated on paying fees and making satisfaction to the injured person.

37. Dominick Roche, Cork's first recorded whiskey distiller

    Cork · city · Cork · 1618–1641

    Alderman Dominick Roche is identified as probably the first whiskey distiller in Cork of whom express mention survives. His "maulte-house" adjoining his garden was noted in the Roche MSS in 1618, and at his death he left aquavita, malt, brewing equipment, and distilling pots.

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    Was apparently a contractor; lent the corporation ^10 in 1624 to help it out of some financial difficulty ; built the market house in New Street, 1630; undertook a contract to build certain bridges in the city in 1633, which resulted in a loss of ^200, for which the corporation indemnified him by allowing him the customs of the port for one year. Unlike his predecessors, Dominick Coppinger and Sir William Sarsfield {q.vi), he did not forego his payment as Member of Parliament, for on 20th of August, 1641, he gave a receipt for the sums paid him " towards the allowance granted unto me by the corporation of Cork, being employed as one of the burgesses of parliament, at the rate of 7s. 6d. per diem, viz. : — 232 days for the third, fourth, and fifth sessions of said parliament, the sum of ^87 sterling," etc., etc. He was probably the Alderman Dominick Roche, the first whiskey distiller in Cork of whom we have express mention. His " maulte-house," adjoining his garden is (says Windele) mentioned in the Roche Jl/SS. in 1618 ; and elsewhere it is stated that, at his death, he left " a barrel and a-half of aquavitcr, worth £1$ sterling; thirty barrels of maulte, worth twenty shillings the barrel ; also, one great kettle for brewing, one aqua vitce pot, and one brass pan."

    He was mayor of Cork 1609, being the first to hold that office under the new charter of James I. (There were, at least, two other persons named Dominick Roche connected at this time with the corporation — one, a son of John Roche, and one, a son of Edmond).

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 111

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city holds the story of a man called Dominick Roche. He was mayor of Cork in 1609, the first to hold that office under the new charter of James I. He was also probably the first whiskey distiller in Cork of whom any express mention survives. His maulte-house, adjoining his garden, was noted in the Roche MSS in 1618. At his death he left a barrel and a half of aquavitae worth £15 sterling, thirty barrels of maulte worth twenty shillings the barrel, one great kettle for brewing, one aqua vitae pot, and one brass pan. He was a contractor too. In 1624 he lent the corporation £10 to help it out of financial difficulty. He built the market house in New Street in 1630. In 1633 he undertook a contract to build certain bridges in the city, which resulted in a loss of £200. The corporation indemnified him by allowing him the customs of the port for one year. Unlike his predecessors Dominick Coppinger and Sir William Sarsfield, he did not forego his payment as Member of Parliament. On 20th August 1641 he gave a receipt for sums paid, in his words, "towards the allowance granted unto me by the corporation of Cork, being employed as one of the burgesses of parliament, at the rate of 7s. 6d. per diem," for 232 days across the third, fourth and fifth sessions of the parliament, amounting to £87 sterling. There were at least two other men named Dominick Roche connected with the corporation at this time, one a son of John Roche and one a son of Edmond.

38. Earl and Countess of Desmond don Irish dress at Lough Gur (1573)

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick · 1573

    In November 1573, the Earl of Desmond was met at Knockdalton by Rory Oge and Piers Grace. The Earl and Countess then put on Irish raiment at Lough Gur and made a proclamation.

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    " Castellcyehan, November i\th, 1 573. Justice Nicholas Walshe to the Lord Deputy. Earl of Desmond met at Knockdalton by Rory Oge and Piers Grace. The Earl and Countess put on Irish raiment at Lough Gur, and make a proclamation."

    The people of Lough Gur have traditions of two great battles ; the one was fought in Bloody Hollow, a little distance north of Knocktinnell, and the other was fought near the stone circles to the south of Knocksentry. The people also relate that in the days of Sarsfield, a farmer, named Rody Camden, was admitted into Tir na n-og by Terren Glas, the gatekeeper of Lough Gur entrance. Rody held converse with Gearoidh Iarla, the Fians of Erinn, and Cuchullainn. One thing which particularly struck him, and which he related to his friends afterwards at Lough Gur, was that the Fians of Erinn had nothing stronger to drink than metheglitt ("mead"). In another story I heard, Sarsfield, Galloping O'Hogan, and Tibbott Burke of Caherconlish, are captured at Lough Gur by an English leader named Gideon Grimes, and confined in the Green Knight's apartment at Lough Gur, from which they are rescued by a nephew of

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 89

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Gur is a lake the road passes near, in Limerick. In November 1573, the Earl of Desmond was met at Knockdalton by Rory Oge and Piers Grace. The Earl and the Countess then put on Irish raiment at Lough Gur and made a proclamation. It was a turning to Irish dress, a declaration made at the lake itself. The people of Lough Gur carry older traditions too. They tell of two great battles. One was fought in Bloody Hollow, a little distance north of Knocktinnell. The other was fought near the stone circles to the south of Knocksentry. They also tell of a farmer named Rody Camden, in the days of Sarsfield, who was admitted into Tir na n-og by Terren Glas, the gatekeeper of the Lough Gur entrance. Rody held converse with Gearoidh Iarla, the Fians of Erinn, and Cuchullainn. One thing that struck him, and that he told his friends afterwards at Lough Gur, was that the Fians of Erinn had nothing stronger to drink than mead.

39. Earl Gerald cured at the ford of Affane

    Affane · townland · Waterford

    After being wounded and captured at Decies, Earl Gerald was taken by Ormond to the ford of Affane, where doctors cared for him. They cured him but could not prevent a permanent slight limp from his foot wound.

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    families which were Catholic. Nor were the FitzGeralds, barons of Lacsna (Lixnaw), often less odious, but as they sprung from the same Geraldine stock were often warred upon. Wherefore, when an opportunity offered during the reign of Elizabeth, John FitzGerald (brother of Earl Gerald), whilst yet a youth defeated John Butler in battle and slew him with his own hands. This and a recollection of his ancestors' wrongs haunted Thomas Butler, brother of the deceased, and surnamed the Black Earl of Ormond, a Protestant in religion owing to his being educated in the English court, but who before his death was converted to the faith, as I shall show later on. He having learned that Earl Gerald with a few companions were in that part of Decies which adjoins Ormond, got together a larger band of soldiers and surrounded him. Gerald, although far inferior in numbers, nevertheless prepared to trust his safety to battle rather than to flight. The few being surrounded were overcome by the numbers of their adversaries. Gerald himself received a bullet wound in his foot, and fell fighting bravely. Thence he was taken by Ormond to the ford of Anthamamus (Affane) and cured by the great care of the doctors, who however were not able to prevent his ever after limping slightly. Having been cured he was sent into England to the queen, who had him committed to the tower of London, partly to gratify herself by removing this stout impediment to persecution, and partly anxious because there was at large John FitzGerald, brother of the earl, a high-souled hero, generous, distinguished in warlike arts, and a favourite with the Irish. She laboured therefore to capture him also, and this was effected without any difficulty, because John neither fled from her nor dared to do the least injury, thinking more of his brother's than of his own safety. Him also she cast into the same prison as his brother. Ill brooking this, James FitzGerald, son of Maurice, the uncle of Earl Gerald, refused to recognise the queen's authority until she restored his kinsmen to their former liberty. Hence a war broke out. There followed James's party, other kinsmen of his, almost all the followers of the earl, and nearly the whole family of the FitzGeralds of Munster ; some from lower Minister, principally gentlemen of the MacSuiney (MacSwiney) family, named Edmund, Eugene, and Maurice, uncles of mine ; some from the principality of Bear, under command of Dermot O'Sullivan, my father ; and other spirited youths. By their aid and valour James got and endeavoured to hold possession of the country of his kinsman the earl. The queen ordered her lieutenants in Ireland to march against the rebels, and easily aroused the Earl of Ormond's hatred of the Geraldines. She incited Thomas Fitz-Gerald, surnamed the Red, a foolish man, eldest brother of Earl Gerald, with the hope of obtaining the earldom, and named him governor of the earldom, which no doubt seemed to him

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 271

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is the ford of Affane, where Earl Gerald was brought to be cured after he was wounded and captured. Gerald had come into that part of Decies which adjoins Ormond with only a few companions. Thomas Butler, the Black Earl of Ormond, learned he was there and gathered a larger band of soldiers to surround him. Gerald chose to fight rather than flee, even though his men were far fewer. They were overcome. Gerald himself took a bullet in the foot and fell, still fighting bravely. Ormond took the wounded earl to the ford of Affane, where doctors tended him with great care. They cured him of his wounds, but they could not stop his foot from leaving him with a slight limp for the rest of his life. Once he had recovered, Gerald was sent to England, to Queen Elizabeth. She had him committed to the Tower of London. She wanted this impediment to her persecution removed, and she was anxious because his brother John FitzGerald was still at large, a man admired by the Irish and distinguished in war. John would not flee, thinking more of his brother's safety than his own, and the queen captured him too and cast him into the same prison. The capture of both Geraldines provoked James FitzGerald, son of Maurice and uncle to the earl, to refuse the queen's authority until his kinsmen were freed. A war followed, drawing in the earl's followers and nearly the whole family of the FitzGeralds of Munster.

40. Jeremiah O'Donovan of Donovan's Leap

    Castletownsend · townland · Cork · 1686–1709

    Jeremiah O'Donovan, MP for Baltimore in James II's Parliament of 1689, was son of Daniel MacMortough O'Donovan of Clogh-a-tradbally and Rinogreny, and was described as being of 'Donovan's Leap,' county Cork. His son Jeremiah later sold Donovan's Leap to Richard Tonson.

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    Son of Daniel MacMortough O'Donovan, of Clogh-a-tradbally and Rinogreny. Was of " Donovan's Leap," county Cork. He had letters-patent from Charles II. (9th Dec, 1696), of various lands in Carbery and Courcey, and premises in the cities of Cork and Dublin, in the town of Bray, and the barony of Duleek. He was chief of the clan Loughlin, and a Protestant. Was appointed registrar of the Court of Admiralty in Ireland by James II.

    He married, 1686, Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver Tallant, and had issue. He died 1709. His son, Jeremiah O'Donovan, sold " Donovan's Leap " to Richard Tonson.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here was Donovan's Leap, the seat of Jeremiah O'Donovan, son of Daniel MacMortough O'Donovan of Clogh-a-tradbally and Rinogreny. He had letters-patent from Charles II, dated 9 December 1696, granting him lands across Carbery and Courcey, and premises in Cork, Dublin, Bray, and the barony of Duleek. He was chief of the clan Loughlin, and a Protestant. James II appointed him registrar of the Court of Admiralty in Ireland. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver Tallant, in 1686, and died in 1709. His son, also Jeremiah, later sold Donovan's Leap to Richard Tonson.

41. Kilmallock barracks besieged by Fenians under Head Constable Adams

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1867

    Head Constable Richard Adams, in command of the party surrounded by Fenians in the Kilmallock barrack, sustained the attack during several hours until relieved by Sub-Inspector Milling. He received £70 from the Government and £50 private subscriptions.

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    4. Head Constable Richard Adams. In command of the party surrounded by the Fenians in the barrack of Kilmallock, who sustained the attack during several hours until relieved by Sub-Inspector Milling. £70 from the Government and £50 private subscriptions.

    5. ConstableO) James O'Connell. In command of the party who bravely defended their barrack at Castlemartyr against a large body of armed Fenians, shooting their leader, and putting the assailants to flight. ^20 from Government and ^15 private subscriptions.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 154

    As the companion tells it

    In 1867, the town of Kilmallock in Limerick saw Head Constable Richard Adams hold its barrack against Fenian attack. He was in command of the party surrounded there and sustained the assault for several hours until Sub-Inspector Milling arrived to relieve them. The Government later awarded him 70 pounds, with a further 50 pounds raised by private subscription.

42. Kistvaens discovered at Dromiskin in 1862

    Dromiskin · town · Louth · 1862

    Two kistvaens were discovered at Dromiskin in a field in 1862, formed of stone flags, each containing skulls and bones. One contained a stone box with a wooden box inside holding unctuous charcoal and a small bronze pin with ring attached; the other held a female skeleton lying on her back, head to the west.

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    Two kistvaens of another kind were discovered at Dromiskin, in a field near my gate, in 1862. They were formed of stone flags, and each contained the skull and bones of the person interred there. In one a stone box, containing another of wood, inside which was some unctuous charcoal and a small bronze pin with ring attached. These were given by my father to Lord Clermont, and by him deposited in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. The other kistvaen contained the skeleton of a female lying on the back, head to the west. How many more interments were made in this field one cannot say. It may have been a cemetery attached to the monastery.

    The last of the stone structures I will refer to are caves. Of these there are a good many, but naturally are almost all closed up to prevent injury to cattle. They consist mostly of passages flagged over leading to a vaulted chamber, and were used as places of refuge. The annals of Ireland tell of more than one case where an unfortunate band of refugees were suffocated by burning straw in places of this kind.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 234

    As the companion tells it

    Dromiskin is a town the road passes through. In 1862, two kistvaens of another kind were discovered in a field here, near a gate. They were formed of stone flags, and each of them contained the skull and bones of the person interred there. In one of the kistvaens was a stone box, containing another box of wood. Inside the wooden box was some unctuous charcoal, and a small bronze pin with a ring attached. These were given by the writer's father to Lord Clermont, and by him deposited in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. The other kistvaen contained the skeleton of a female, lying on her back, with her head to the west. How many more interments were made in this field, one cannot say. It may have been a cemetery attached to the monastery.

43. Legend of Ebliu, Eochaidh, and the origin of Lough Neagh

    near Lough Neagh · lake or lakes · Antrim · 100

    Ebliu, daughter of Guare and wife of King Mairid of Munster around the close of the first century, induced her stepson Eochaidh to carry her off. They lived in a district called Liath-muine, now covered by Lough Neagh, which was formed by the overflow of a magic well; the lake's name is a contraction of 'Loch n-Echach,' the lake of Eochaidh.

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    many instances in Irish Names, in which Cor, meaning a "round hill," occurs, and Dineley names the high hill on which the Munster fort was built, Carrigmore ; so, despite the dwarf, the fort may have been named from the hill, and the name afterwards transferred to the lake. The late Mr. John Fitzgerald, who knew a great deal about the lake, and who has been referred to in such kind terms by Mr. Robert Day in the Journal, was of opinion that Gair was a contraction of a longer word. There was a celebrated fort in the Dalcassian territory, which has not been identified, called Dun Doghair. In a poem, quoted by O'Curry from Dubhthach na Lugair, a.d., 432, it is referred to, and in such a way as to put it, I think, on a level with Cruachain and Emhain, the Connaught and Ulster capitals. In the Wars of G.G., Brian Boroimhe is reported as saying " that his grandfather, Lorcan, would not permit the seven great battalions to burn the ford of U. Doghair for four days and four nights.'" Dr. Todd takes U to be written for Ui, " descendants," but it may be a mistake in the manuscript for Dun. The name being written Dun Gair in the Book of Rights appears, however, to be against this explanation. O'Donovan identities two of the seats of the King of Cashel as having been at Lough Gur. These were CathairChinn Chon and Dun Gair. Between these two forts, in both the prose and poetical list of the Book of Rights, there is a fort named Dun Fir Aen Cholca. From its position in the lists, this fort, I consider, must also have been at Lough Gur, and, perhaps, is to be identified with the strongly-fortified fort on Knockfinnel. It had the same outer walls as are visible today surrounding Dun ^Enghuis, in Aran More. Another interesting point of connection between these two forts is, that Asal, who settled at Toryhill, was brother to /Enghus, the traditional Firbolg builder of Dun /Enghuis. Another of the Munster forts of the King of Cashel was named Ebliu, from Ebliu, daughter of Guare, and wife of Mairid, King of Munster, about the close of the first century of our era. Ebliu is the subject of a peculiarly wild legend, which is related in the "Lebor na h-uidre." She induced her stepson, Eochaidh, to carry her off, and Eochaidh and she went to live in the district, then called Liath-muine, but now covered by Lough Neagh, which was caused by the overflow of a magic well. Lough Neagh took its name from Eochaidh. It is a contraction of Loch n-Echach, that is " the lake of Eochaidh." Now, about a mile north of Murroe, in the county Limerick, there is a conspicuous hill, on the top of which there is an earthen fort, marked in the Ordnance Map, "Lis Gorey," but which the people call the fort of John Guare, this John Guare having been a giant who lived here in the old times, and who had a brother living on the top of a hill, about three miles to the east. Beside these two hills flows a little stream named Ahanetawney (the little ford of the green field). When Guare's brother wished to communicate with him he threw some milk into the stream. A few miles to the north lie the Slieve Felim mountains. These mountains are twelve in number, and the old name is Sljab l)-6blji)'ij JMoMJ) 5l)U4)Ite, "the mountain range of Ebliu, the daughter of Guare." As John Guare is not a very dignified name to bestow upon a giant, I would suggest that John Guare is a corruption of jr)5Jt)) 51)U4)|ie, and that Lis Gorey is the Ebliu of the Book of Rights.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Neagh takes its name from a legend set around the close of the first century. The story is told in the Lebor na h-uidre, an old Irish manuscript. Ebliu was the daughter of Guare and the wife of Mairid, King of Munster. She induced her stepson, Eochaidh, to carry her off. They went to live in a district then called Liath-muine. That district is now covered by Lough Neagh. The lake was caused by the overflow of a magic well. The name Lough Neagh is a contraction of Loch n-Echach, which means the lake of Eochaidh. So the lake carries his name to this day. Ebliu herself gave her name to one of the Munster forts of the King of Cashel, listed in the Book of Rights. The legend that connects her to Eochaidh and to this lake is described in the source as a peculiarly wild one. The mountains near Murroe in county Limerick, a few miles from where her father's fort stood, still carry the old name meaning the mountain range of Ebliu, the daughter of Guare. The same tradition places a fort called Lis Gorey nearby, which the people call the fort of John Guare, a giant of the old times. The suggestion has been made that this name is a corruption of Ebliu's own name, and that the fort is the Ebliu of the Book of Rights. What remains certain is the connection to the lake: a woman named Ebliu, her stepson Eochaidh, a magic well, and a flooded land.

44. Lis and cavern on the glebe in Donoughmore

    Donaghmore · townland · Cork

    Part of a lis remains on the northern boundary of the glebe in Donoughmore, with a nearby cavern extending at least six feet, explored by the author's sons. A stone hammer head made of chert, not local to the area, was found in the field nearby.

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    IX. I now pass to the northern side of the parish. In the northern boundary of this glebe there is part of a "lis" still remaining, and near it in my field is a cavern into which my sons and grandsons have gone from time to time. No doubt it has been long ago well searched. This cavern extends at least six feet, high enough for one of the boys to stand upright. Beyond that there is a smaller passage through which he threw a stone and heard at some distance the splash of water. I found in the field near it what I take to be the head of a stone hammer, a piece of chert, a stone not belonging to this neighbourhood, about four inches long and from one to two inches wide, well polished and showing a mark of the handle in which it had been fixed.

    X. About a mile and a half to the north, just above Rathcoola bridge, is a field in which there is a rath. Inside this is a stone which covers an opening through which can be entered an immense cavern apparently extending the full size of the rath.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Donaghmore, part of a lis still stands on the northern boundary of the glebe. Near it, in the same field, there is a cavern into which the author's sons and grandsons have gone from time to time. No doubt it has been long ago well searched. The cavern extends at least six feet, high enough for one of the boys to stand upright inside. Beyond that, there is a smaller passage through which he threw a stone and heard at some distance the splash of water. In the field near the cavern, the author found what he takes to be the head of a stone hammer. It is a piece of chert, a stone not belonging to this neighbourhood, about four inches long and from one to two inches wide, well polished and showing a mark of the handle in which it had been fixed. So something was brought here from elsewhere, long ago, and left in the ground beside the lis and the cavern that runs into the dark.

45. McAuliffe's death prophecy for Donough McCarthy

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    Besides foretelling the fate of the castle, McAuliffe the seer predicted that McCarthy would someday be shot dead. McCarthy was remembered as a rough and tyrannical man hated by both English and Irish neighbours.

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    However, there is another much more curious tradition respecting the death of Donough McCarthy, who was a rough and most tyrannical man, hated alike by his English and Irish neighbours. His stepbrother McAuliffe, the seer, besides foretelling the fate of the castle, had also predicted that some day McCarthy would be shot dead, which was rather a safe prophecy at a period when few, except monks and women, died peaceably in their beds " after the victory of penance and unction," according to the quaint phraseology of the old annalists.

    McCarthy consequently paid little attention to this prediction, and he continued his usual mode of life, until one day he resolved to go to Dublin. On reaching Ball's Bridge, outside the city, one of his horses having cast a shoe, a smith who had his forge at that place was ordered

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    There is a tradition about Donough McCarthy, remembered as a rough and tyrannical man, hated alike by his English and Irish neighbours. His stepbrother McAuliffe was a seer. Besides foretelling the fate of the castle, McAuliffe had predicted that someday McCarthy would be shot dead. The writer notes this was rather a safe prophecy at a period when few except monks and women died peaceably in their beds, in the quaint phrase of the old annalists, after the victory of penance and unction. McCarthy paid little attention to the prediction and continued his usual mode of life, until one day he resolved to go to Dublin. On reaching Ball's Bridge, outside the city, one of his horses having cast a shoe, a smith who had his forge at that place was ordered

46. Military barracks and rebel intelligence at Blessington

    Blessington · town · Wicklow · 1798

    Reily notes that his party was within half a mile of a barrack of soldiers at Blessington, yet the rebels assembled around them knew every circumstance that occurred there. The proximity of crown forces did not deter the insurgents.

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    The captain then invited me to drink some punch with him. I accepted his offer for the purpose of making him as much my friend as I possibly could, for I could plainly see that we were not yet out of danger. My fellow travellers not having received a similar invitation remained outside, and from the length of time we were absent from them began to apprehend that I might drink too freely and become inebriated, consequently sent for me and intimated to me their apprehensions. I said I could not think of acting so injudiciously, and assured them (as was really the case) that though I had sat so long a time with the captain I had drank very little, and that little by way of making more firmly our friend as well as to avoid his importunity. At this time there was assembled around the car a great crowd ; they were all rebels. Therefore our sole dependence was on Captain Duffy. One of them came up to me. " Sir," said he, " you called us blackguards ; now we are as good as you." I considered that the less altercation between us the better, so made a very submissive apology, saying I was rather hasty, and that I was sorry for it. We were within half a mile of a barrack of soldiers at Blessington, and these rebels knew every circumstance that occurred there.

    We set off walking to the road that leads to Naas, a boy leading our horse, and Captain Duffy accompanied us part of the way, I believe near a quarter of a mile. I begged he would not come any farther, as he was in a situation that he might easily be cut off, as the king's army was so near. He thought so himself, shook hands with us, and prior to our parting gave me a message to deliver to a friend of his in Dublin (which I faithfully did). He then rode off with great speed. We still continued walking up the hill, not wishing to fatigue the horse, as we had yet ten miles to go.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 252

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Blessington now. In 1798 this was a place where crown soldiers had a barrack, and rebels moved freely almost under their noses. A traveller named Reily was passing through with companions when the captain travelling with them, Captain Duffy, invited him to drink some punch. Reily accepted, hoping to make the captain a friend, because he could see they were not yet out of danger. His companions waited outside. After a long time they sent for him, afraid he had drunk too much. He told them he had drunk very little, only enough to keep the captain friendly and to avoid his importunity. By now a great crowd had gathered around the car. They were all rebels. One of them came up to Reily and said, "You called us blackguards; now we are as good as you." Reily made a submissive apology, saying he had been hasty and was sorry for it. They were within half a mile of a barrack of soldiers at Blessington, and yet these rebels knew every circumstance that occurred there. They set off walking toward the road that leads to Naas, a boy leading their horse. Captain Duffy came with them for near a quarter of a mile. Reily begged him to go no farther, as he could easily be cut off with the king's army so close. Duffy agreed, shook hands, gave Reily a message for a friend in Dublin, which Reily later delivered faithfully. Then Duffy rode off at great speed. They kept walking up the hill, sparing the horse, for they had ten miles still to go.

47. Murder at Proctor's Cross near Ballyvorneen

    Ballyvorneen · townland · Limerick · 1824

    Cross roads near Ballyvorneen Castle were named Proctor's Cross after a man named Ryan, a proctor, who was murdered there in 1824 by his wife and servant. The perpetrators were hanged in Limerick.

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    (3) Near Ballyvorneen Castle there are cross roads called the Proctor's Cross, so named from a man named Ryan, a proctor, who was murdered here in 1824 by his wife and servant man, and for which they were hung in Limerick.

    (4) I have been told a strange tale relating to O'Heyne, of Cahirelly, " Cathair of the aileach or stone fort." O'Heyne having refused to give up possession of his castle to the undertaker, the castle was taken by storm, and O'Heyne was hung from one of the windows, and that his grandson was afterwards butler to the undertaker's grandson. I should not fancy such a butler, nor is the story credible ; but "so the legend runneth, so the old man tells."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 203

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballyvorneen there are cross roads known as Proctor's Cross. The name comes from a man named Ryan, who worked as a proctor. In 1824 he was murdered there by his wife and their servant. Both were hanged in Limerick for the killing. The cross roads sit near Ballyvorneen Castle, and the name has stuck to the spot ever since Ryan died there that year.

48. Muskerry Legion quartered at Macroom with nightly patrols

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1803

    The remainder of the Muskerry Corps was quartered at Macroom in August 1803, with a patrol of a sergeant and ten men ordered to scour the country every night. Patrols took up disorderly strangers and lodged them in the bridewell.

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    "August 1, 1803. This day received a letter from B. Major Fenton, ordering the Muskerry Corps upon permanent duty at whatever place or advance post the captain may deem most useful to the service ; also requiring a return of the state of the arms, ammunition, etc., and to be forthwith made to General Myers, which was accordingly done. The captain ordered out one lieutenant and twenty privates into Nettleville Barracks, the remainder of the corps into Macroom. The captain ordered a patrol of a sergeant and ten men to scour the country every night if necessary.

    " August yd. The patrole were out last night and found all quiet and orderly.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 12

    As the companion tells it

    In August 1803, the remainder of the Muskerry Corps was quartered at Macroom, placed on permanent duty. The captain had sent a lieutenant and twenty privates to Nettleville Barracks; the rest came to Macroom. Orders came from Major Fenton by letter on the first of August, directing the corps to whatever post the captain judged most useful. A return of arms and ammunition was demanded and made to General Myers. Every night, a sergeant and ten men scoured the country on patrol. On the third of August the patrol went out and found all quiet and orderly. The patrol also took up disorderly strangers and lodged them in the bridewell.

49. Rebel army threatens Cork city and the King's fort

    Cork · city · Cork · 1642

    The Lord General drew up thousands of men around Cork, promising to deliver the city and the adjoining King's fort into rebel hands. The fort held artillery, ammunition and victuals defended by some two hundred soldiers.

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    within a short time he would deliver into their hands not only the strong and populous city of Cork (where the President lay with near two thousand men), but the King's fort also thereto adjoining, where was great plenty of artillery, ammunition and victuals, defended by some two hundred soldiers ; so that there was none other discourse now but the taking of Cork and the fort, which was to the townsmen an operation instead of Gyria or Pollipodium, and wrought such effects as to this hour it stinks most abominable.

    The General drew his men near the city as if he would devour it in a moment, and is too wise to let anybody know whether he intend to do it by policy or strength, and having billeted them some four or five miles compass round the city (destinated to his and their pillage and fury), he is now retired to his privacy, and desires all to leave him — and so must ., I — to the framing of his " laderiscoes, granadoes, fire-

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 45

    As the companion tells it

    In 1642, the city of Cork stood threatened by a rebel army. The Lord General promised to deliver into rebel hands not only this strong and populous city, where the President lay with near two thousand men, but the King's fort thereto adjoining. That fort held great plenty of artillery, ammunition and victuals, defended by some two hundred soldiers. Talk was of nothing else but the taking of the city and the fort. The General drew his men near as if he would devour it in a moment. He billeted them some four or five miles compass round, destinated to his and their pillage and fury. Then he retired to his privacy and desired all to leave him. To the townsmen, the operation was one "instead of Gyria or Pollipodium," and "wrought such effects as to this hour it stinks most abominably."

50. Temple Michael graveyard, 'Ginckie's Grave'

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick

    A small mound near Boskill House is Temple Michael graveyard, with no trace of the old church and no interments in living memory. Locals call it 'Ginckie's Grave' and say General Ginckie's soldiers, who died in a plague in his army encamped at Caherconlish, are buried there.

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    fence, a small mound. This is Temple Michael graveyard. No stranger would ever take, it for a burial-ground, and no interments have been made even within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. Not a trace of the old " Temple " is left, and but for the name, it would not be known that there had ever been a church there. The people call it " Ginckie's Grave," and insist that the celebrated general of that name is buried there. Having closely questioned several of the old people, I find that many of General Ginckie's soldiers were buried there. The people say that a number of Ginckie's men died from a plague which broke out in his army when encamped in Caherconlish.

    About three months ago a remarkable stone was found by Mr. Patrick Ryan, of Caherconlish, when repairing the fence near " Ginckie's Grave." I had been told by a man in the village that a cat's head was found in Temple Michael, and really this gives a very good idea of the stone. Imagine a cat's head and neck with a little of the body attached, and one has a fair representation of the stone. Consider the cat's head again with a flattened circular crown, and the picture will rival a photograph from Messrs. Guy. When one stands a little distance from it, a human face may clearly be discerned imprinted on the crown of the cat's head. The other end of the stone does not seem to have been touched, being quite rough. The stone is a foot in length. It has occurred to me that it may be a stone from an ornamental arch over the doorway of Temple Michael.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 204

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Caherconlish, there is a place the people call Ginckie's Grave. It sits near Boskill House, a small mound inside a fence. The graveyard is Temple Michael, though no trace of the old church survives. Not a stone of the temple is left, and but for the name, no one would know a church had ever stood there. No interments have been made there within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. A stranger would never take it for a burial-ground at all. The people insist that the celebrated General Ginckie is buried there. When the old people were closely questioned, it emerged that many of General Ginckie's soldiers were buried there too. They say a number of his men died from a plague that broke out in his army when encamped in Caherconlish. About three months before the account was written, a remarkable stone was found by Mr. Patrick Ryan of Caherconlish, while he was repairing the fence near Ginckie's Grave. A man in the village had said a cat's head was found in Temple Michael, and that gives a fair idea of the stone. Picture a cat's head and neck with a little of the body attached. The cat's head has a flattened circular crown, and when you stand a little distance from it, a human face may be discerned imprinted on that crown. The other end of the stone is quite rough, untouched. The stone is a foot in length. It may be a stone from an ornamental arch over the doorway of Temple Michael.

51. Tradition of two castles within Caherconlish walls

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick

    Local tradition holds that two castles stood within the walls of old Caherconlish, whose walls can no longer be traced. One castle may have occupied the rock on which the college was later built, near where heavy iron swords and bones were found.

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    There is a tradition that there were two castles within the walls of Caherconlish, and one of them may have been on the rock on which the the college was afterwards. Close by were found the heavy iron swords and bones to which I have already referred. Near Caherconlish House, east side, are six fine oak trees, and on one of these, the people say,(9) Captain Massy, of the Caherconlish yeomanry, about a hundred years

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 208

    As the companion tells it

    Caherconlish carries a tradition that two castles once stood within its old walls, though those walls can no longer be traced. One castle may have occupied the rock on which the college was later built. Close by that rock, heavy iron swords and bones were found.

52. Yeomanry and artillery concentrated at Bandon

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1796–1797

    In response to the French threat, a detachment escorting artillery was forwarded to Bandon, where yeomanry corps of adjacent baronies including Muskerry were concentrated. The militia and fencibles were started from Cork for Bantry Bay.

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    quartered, and forwarded a detachment escorting artillery to Bandon, where also the yeomanry corps of adjacent baronies, including Muskerry, were concentrated. The militia and fencibles, and such troops as could be spared, were started from Cork for Bantry bay, the people treating them hospitably on the march. Dr. Francis Moylan, Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, issued an address to his flock in the diocese on Christmas Day, impressing on them " the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order," and warning them, by the example of other countries where the French had been received, against being seduced by false promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. " They come," said the bishop, " only to rob, plunder, and destroy." But the stars in their courses fought against the invaders ; a strong easterly gale dispersed their fleet, and only on the 30th December did any reach Bantry bay — four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. These landed five hundred men, whom the Galway Militia offered to attack, but were restrained till further forces should arrive. At another spot they attempted to land one hundred and fifty men, but were checked by the fencibles, to whom a crowd of peasantry, armed with every weapon they could lay hand on, joined themselves. By the 5th January, 1797, all the French ships had left the coast, the General being disappointed in the expectation of the country rising to aid the foreign soldiers. On the 26th January — it is pleasant to record it — a solemn Te Deum, high mass and thanksgiving were offered up at Carey's Lane chapel, Cork, for " the happy escape we had from our invading foes." At this epoch there were embodied in Ireland thirty thousand effective yeomanry, horse and foot, disciplined on same plan as the line, and having arrangements made for ready concentration. Lord Dillon said in Parliament that Hoche was known to have promised his soldiery thirteen days' plunder in Ireland, a proceeding which poor cottagers at Bantry had a foretaste of.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 120

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon is a town the road passes through or near, and in late 1796 it became a gathering point when the French threat loomed over the coast. A detachment escorting artillery was forwarded here, and the yeomanry corps of adjacent baronies, including Muskerry, were concentrated in the town. The militia and fencibles, and such troops as could be spared, were started from Cork for Bantry Bay, and the people treated them hospitably on the march. Dr. Francis Moylan, the Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, issued an address to his flock on Christmas Day. He impressed on them the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order, and warned them by the example of other countries where the French had been received against being seduced by false promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. He said, They come only to rob, plunder, and destroy. The stars in their courses fought against the invaders. A strong easterly gale dispersed the French fleet, and only on the 30th of December did any reach Bantry Bay, four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. These landed 500 men, whom the Galway Militia offered to attack, but were restrained till further forces should arrive. At another spot the French attempted to land 150 men, but were checked by the fencibles, joined by a crowd of peasantry armed with every weapon they could lay hand on. By the 5th of January 1797 all the French ships had left the coast, the General disappointed in the expectation of the country rising to aid the foreign soldiers. On the 26th of January a solemn Te Deum, high mass, and thanksgiving were offered up at Carey's Lane chapel in Cork for the happy escape from the invading foes.

53. Ballybeg Castle – refuge for stripped Protestants in 1645

    Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1645

    Only ruins remain of Ballybeg Castle. When Lord Castlehaven took Mitchelstown on 6 April 1645, English settlers escaped to Ballybeg and Caherdringa castles. The Rev. D. Spratt recorded preaching there to poor stripped Protestants removed to the Ballybeg garrison.

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    Ballybeg Castle. Only the ruins now remain. The Rev. D. Spratt says, " There ye Lord removed me to Ballybeg garrison, where I preached to the poor stripped Protestants there."

    Caherdringa Castle, on a spur of the Kilworth mountains, a wellknown landmark, can be seen around in every direction, about two miles south of Mitchelstown.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 296

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stand the ruins of Ballybeg Castle. When Lord Castlehaven took Mitchelstown on 6 April 1645, English settlers fled to Ballybeg for refuge. The Rev. D. Spratt wrote, 'There ye Lord removed me to Ballybeg garrison, where I preached to the poor stripped Protestants there.'

54. Bantry cottagers get foretaste of French plunder

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1796–1797

    Lord Dillon stated in Parliament that the French General Hoche had promised his soldiery thirteen days' plunder in Ireland. Poor cottagers at Bantry reportedly experienced a foretaste of this during the attempted invasion.

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    quartered, and forwarded a detachment escorting artillery to Bandon, where also the yeomanry corps of adjacent baronies, including Muskerry, were concentrated. The militia and fencibles, and such troops as could be spared, were started from Cork for Bantry bay, the people treating them hospitably on the march. Dr. Francis Moylan, Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, issued an address to his flock in the diocese on Christmas Day, impressing on them " the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order," and warning them, by the example of other countries where the French had been received, against being seduced by false promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. " They come," said the bishop, " only to rob, plunder, and destroy." But the stars in their courses fought against the invaders ; a strong easterly gale dispersed their fleet, and only on the 30th December did any reach Bantry bay — four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. These landed five hundred men, whom the Galway Militia offered to attack, but were restrained till further forces should arrive. At another spot they attempted to land one hundred and fifty men, but were checked by the fencibles, to whom a crowd of peasantry, armed with every weapon they could lay hand on, joined themselves. By the 5th January, 1797, all the French ships had left the coast, the General being disappointed in the expectation of the country rising to aid the foreign soldiers. On the 26th January — it is pleasant to record it — a solemn Te Deum, high mass and thanksgiving were offered up at Carey's Lane chapel, Cork, for " the happy escape we had from our invading foes." At this epoch there were embodied in Ireland thirty thousand effective yeomanry, horse and foot, disciplined on same plan as the line, and having arrangements made for ready concentration. Lord Dillon said in Parliament that Hoche was known to have promised his soldiery thirteen days' plunder in Ireland, a proceeding which poor cottagers at Bantry had a foretaste of.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 120

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Bantry, this is the town where the French tried to land in the winter of 1796. A strong easterly gale dispersed their fleet, and only on the 30th of December did any ships reach Bantry Bay: four ships of 64 guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. They landed 500 men. The Galway Militia offered to attack but were restrained until further forces could arrive. At another spot they tried to put 150 men ashore, but the fencibles checked them, and a crowd of peasantry, armed with whatever they could lay hand on, joined the fight. The Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, Dr. Francis Moylan, had warned his flock on Christmas Day against being seduced by French promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. His words were: "They come only to rob, plunder, and destroy." By the 5th of January, 1797, every French ship had left the coast. The General was disappointed that the country did not rise to aid the foreign soldiers. On the 26th of January, a solemn Te Deum, high mass and thanksgiving were offered at Carey's Lane chapel in Cork for, in their words, "the happy escape we had from our invading foes." Lord Dillon said in Parliament that the French General Hoche had promised his soldiery thirteen days' plunder in Ireland. The poor cottagers at Bantry had a foretaste of that.

55. Beara and the Naming of Bearhaven

    Bearhaven · bay · Cork

    According to tradition, Owen More married Beara, a daughter of the king of Castile, and on returning from Spain named the harbour 'Beara' in her honour. This harbour is now Bearhaven, with Great Bear Island sheltering it.

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    Mr. Joyce tells us {Irish Navies of Places, i., 134) that our author's district acquired its name from Beara, a daughter of Heber, king of Castile, and whom Olioll Olum's father, Owen More, married. On his return from Spain with his bride, Owen More called the harbour "Beara" in her honour. This harbour is now Bearhaven, the island which shelters it is the Great Bear Island, and the neck of land between Bearhaven and Kenmare Bay is the barony of Bere or Bear. Prefixed to the second volume of State Papers Henry VIII (Ireland) are three curious old maps of Ireland, in the earlier of which (1567 and 1609-11) the names of the Irish septs are set down, showing the districts they occupied, and the territory of " O'Sullivan Biar " is shown as this barony.

    The O'Sullivans appear to have been settled in their new home early in the fourteenth century, as in 1320 we find them founding a Franciscan monastery at Bantry, in which they and many other nobles chose burial places {Annals Four Masters, iii., 523). A century later the line of cleavage between the two families is marked by an entry in the Annals of the Four Masters, iii., 566-7, that O'Sullivan More chose a burial place in another Franciscan monastery founded, by The MacCarthy More, on a site near the Lower Lake of Killarney, which an old legend relates to have been miraculously pointed out. At what time our author's family assumed the cognomen " Bear," I have not been able to ascertain. It first occurs in the Annals of Four Masters under the year 1485. The name is now always spelled O'Sullivan, but our author wrote O'SulWan. The Irish word is O'Suilebhain {O 'Hart's Irish Pedigrees). To count up the various spellings in the patents, etc., of James I. and Elizabeth would be a tedious and profitless task. The deeds of Derring-do, of the historian's father, and the unhappy dissensions in his family, form part of his history, so need not be anticipated here. Apparently the only materials for a biography are contained in O'Sullivan's own works.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 227

    As the companion tells it

    Bearhaven is the bay the road passes through or near, a harbour sheltered by Great Bear Island. The name goes back to a marriage. According to tradition, Owen More took a bride from Spain. She was Beara, a daughter of Heber, king of Castile. On his return from Spain with her, Owen More called the harbour Beara in her honour. That harbour is now Bearhaven, and the neck of land between Bearhaven and Kenmare Bay carries the name further as the barony of Bere or Bear. Old maps prefixed to the State Papers of Henry the 8th show this territory marked out. In maps from 1567 and from 1609 to 1611, the names of the Irish septs are set down, showing the districts they occupied, and the territory of O'Sullivan Biar is shown as this barony. The O'Sullivans appear to have been settled in their new home early in the 1300s. In 1320 they founded a Franciscan monastery at Bantry, where they and many other nobles chose burial places. A century later, the Annals of the Four Masters record that O'Sullivan More chose a burial place in another Franciscan monastery, founded by the MacCarthy More on a site near the Lower Lake of Killarney, which an old legend relates to have been miraculously pointed out. The cognomen Bear first occurs in the Annals of the Four Masters under the year 1485.

56. Blarney Castle keep: original peel and later additions

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    The author describes the architectural evolution of Blarney Castle's keep, distinguishing the original peel tower from a later, larger addition. Details include the 'black stairs,' garderobes, built-up loops, fireplaces, and chambers repurposed over time — including a bedroom of the MacCarthy lord of Muskerry and a chamber used as a private chapel.

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    and the present little door made, the level of the floor of the room being at the same time lowered, and an entrance to it — intended to be the principal one — broken through the south wall, near the east end. This entrance communicated by a short passage with the lowest of the three great halls of the castle. The bay window, which makes the earl's bedroom so lightsome was constructed long subsequent to the building of the peel ; the original opening in the outer face of the wall was probably a very small one, and it is possible that here may have been situated the first fireplace in the keep ; unless there was a hearthplace at this spot there was at first no fireplace in this room ; probably it was when the great addition was made to the peel that the fire recess now to be seen was scooped out of the west wall under a little window through which the smoke found its way into the outer world, being guided thereto by a firehood of wood and plaster ; a good deal of the smoke found its way back again into the castle through badly-fitting upper windows. In the peel the rooms were too small and the walls not sufficiently thick to construct chimneys, such as have been formed in the great and massive addition, the smaller ones possibly a generation or two after its erection; indeed at the time the peel was built and for long afterwards chimneys were thought unnecessary, in fact a product of over-civilisation. Ascending " the black stairs " one comes to a garderobe in the thickness of the north wall, and a little higher a close examination of the east wall discloses a built-up shooting-hole or "loop." This window now looks up against the solid masonry of the neiver portion of the keep ; it once looked into the courtyard of the castle and defended the entrance door of the peel. A few steps higher one comes to a pleasant chamber which was probably originally the bedroom of the MacCarthy, lord of Muskerry, and afterwards the bedroom of the young ladies of the family. In this chamber, as in the case of the one beneath it, a door was broken through the south wall at the east end into the newer part of the keep. At the southern side of the east wall of this chamber there is a built-up window which once, like the before-mentioned eastern loop in the stair wall, looked into the courtyard. In this room there was certainly at first no fireplace, but in the course of time a hearth recess was constructed in the south-west corner, the smoke hole being similar to that in the room below. In every fireplace in the castle the fuel was laid on the hearthstcne, the logs being tilted up against brass or iron "fire-dogs." Mounting higher up the stair one comes to another loop in the east wall. This little window is open and looks into a small room in the newer part of the pile, the opening being near the floor of the room. This room was probably sometimes used as a prison and sometimes as a " sick-bay"; indeed it is but too likely that it was often both a dungeon and an hospital to some

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Blarney Castle's keep, built in two stages. The original peel tower came first, with small rooms and walls too thin for chimneys. When it was built, chimneys were thought unnecessary, even a product of over-civilisation. Later, a great and massive addition was made, and chimneys were formed in it, the smaller ones possibly a generation or two after its erection. A bay window, making the earl's bedroom so lightsome, was constructed long after the peel. When the great addition was made, a fire recess was scooped out of the west wall under a little window, the smoke guided out by a firehood of wood and plaster. A good deal of the smoke found its way back into the castle through badly-fitting upper windows. An entrance was broken through the south wall near the east end, communicating by a short passage with the lowest of the three great halls of the castle. Ascending the black stairs, you come to a garderobe in the thickness of the north wall. A little higher, the east wall discloses a built-up shooting-hole, or loop, that once looked into the courtyard and defended the entrance door of the peel. It now looks against the solid masonry of the newer portion. A few steps higher is a chamber probably originally the bedroom of the MacCarthy, lord of Muskerry, and afterwards the bedroom of the young ladies of the family. A built-up window here once looked into the courtyard too. No fireplace at first, but in time a hearth recess was constructed in the south-west corner. In every fireplace in the castle, the fuel was laid on the hearthstone, the logs tilted up against brass or iron fire-dogs. Mounting higher, another loop in the east wall looks into a small room in the newer part of the pile. This room was probably sometimes used as a prison and sometimes as a sick-bay, indeed likely both a dungeon and a hospital to some.

57. Burkes of Caherconlish levy tolls on Limerick-Waterford road

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick · 1542

    The old road between Limerick and Waterford ran through Caherconlish, and the Burke chieftains extracted tolls from passing traffic. An inquisition in the 33rd year of Henry VIII found Tibbott Bourke of Caherconlish and Donogh O'Bryen of Ballytarsna taking money from merchants and packs travelling between the two cities.

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    HAVE referred to the Limerick and Waterford traffic having to pass through Caherconlish. The old road, and the only road between these two cities, ran through the town, and as the traffic in early days between Limerick and the eastern counties was very considerable, the Burkes of Caherconlish, "with their feet on their native heath," who very often slightly tapped this traffic, obtained for themselves no small advantage from it. It was done by other chiefs, and why should the lords of Clanwilliam not turn an honest penny when it came their way. Ships sailing up the Shannon with rich cargoes for the port of Limerick, had their burdens considerably lightened by the chieftains who dwelt along the banks of the Shannon. Many a barrel of good wine in this manner found its way to the cellars of O'Bryen, of Carrigogunnel ; O'Conor, of Carrigfoyle , O'Cahaine, of Keilruish ; MacMahon, of Balliolman ; and MacMorrough, of Finies ; and Tibbott Burke, of Caherconlish, was nothing loth to follow such good exemplars. A very good old rule prevailed in those days which quite met the requirements of those practically-minded chieftains. Wordsworth has tersely explained the "good old rule" —

    The good old rule sufficeth them — the simple plan

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 202

    As the companion tells it

    The old road between Limerick and Waterford ran through Caherconlish, in early days the only road between the two cities. Traffic between Limerick and the eastern counties was considerable, and the Burke chieftains tapped that passing traffic and drew no small advantage from it. An inquisition in 1542, the 33rd year of Henry VIII, found Tibbott Bourke and Donogh O'Bryen of Ballytarsna taking money from merchants and packs travelling between the two cities. Other chiefs did the same. Ships sailing up the Shannon with rich cargoes for the port of Limerick had their burdens lightened by chieftains dwelling on the banks. Many a barrel of good wine found its way to the cellars of O'Bryen of Carrigogunnel, O'Conor of Carrigfoyle, O'Cahaine of Keilruish, MacMahon of Balliolman, and MacMorrough of Finies. Tibbott Burke was nothing loth to follow such good exemplars. A good old rule prevailed in those days, meeting the requirements of practically-minded chieftains.

58. Burning of Moyalloe by retreating rebels

    Mallow · town · Cork

    Before departing from Moyalloe, the rebels set the town on fire in five or six places with the intention of totally destroying it. However, many of the stout houses were saved due to the extreme wetness of the season.

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    But before they departed from Moyalloe, they first set the town on fire in five or six places, with intention to totally destroy it, though it pleased God many of the stout houses were saved through the extreme wetness of the season. Amongst the rest, the Short Castle was set on fire, said to be an act of Lord Roche's, who was seen to direct the carrying in of a burden of straw, and to follow it himself with a firebrand.

    The Short Castle (which was a place of very good receipt and commorancy*^) for the Lord President of Munster) was consumed to

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    In Mallow, before the rebels departed, they set the town on fire in five or six places, with intention to totally destroy it. But many of the stout houses were saved through the extreme wetness of the season. The Short Castle was set on fire, said to be an act of Lord Roche's. He was seen to direct the carrying in of a burden of straw, and to follow it himself with a firebrand. The Short Castle was a place of very good receipt and commorancy for the Lord President of Munster. It was consumed.

59. Captain Duffy joins rebels in the Wicklow mountains

    Wicklow · townland · Wicklow

    A rebel captain named Duffy, who had earned good wages as a saddler, was inspired by the spirit of sedition to join the United Irishmen. He carried out this intention by joining the rebels in the mountains of Wicklow around the same time as Walsh.

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    Cork to Dublin, I took my scat in the mail coach, and on my way thither was attacked, as were also the other passengers, at a place called Red Gap, about three miles from the camp of Kilcullen and twenty-four from Dublin, by a detachment of those same United Irishmen or rebels, commanded by Colonel McMahon, who had been an attorney, and who proved to be a very humane little fellow ; from a striking resemblance I assimilated him to Mr. Robinson, Mr. Simon Hardy's nephew. The captains were Messrs. Neale and Walsh ; the former had been a doctor, a man possessed of rather a prepossessing address, great understanding and penetration ; the latter had been maltster to a brewer at Kilcullen, but having robbed the house of his master of considerable property, he, by way of eluding the vigilance of justice, joined the French when they landed at Killala, who came expressly to join any evil-disposed Irishmen with a view to the total subversion of the laws and constitution. There was also a Captain Duffy, who had worked at the saddling trade, and earned two guineas and a half per week until the spirit of sedition inspired him with the idea of joining those rebels, which intention he effected in the mountains of Wicklow about the same time with Walsh. However, to proceed. When we got within thirty yards of the Red Gap, where the rebels then were, and where I already mentioned the attack took place, I was awoke from as comfortable a nap as I could expect in a mail coach, by the most dreadful shoutings I ever heard, and at the same time cries of" Stop the coach !" " Shoot them !" " Kill them !" I rubbed my eyes and looked around thinking I had awoke from an unpleasant dream, but was very soon undeceived, for on looking out of the coach window I perceived a congregation of rebels mounted and formed into a close body at the front of a road leading to the mountains, like so many devils fixing themselves in attitude-- of attack, and apparcntly ready to fire at the coach. The common men (meaning the soldiers were like a group of country fellows at a fair dressed in various coloured clothes ; they wore white and green silk cockades in their hats, with cards in front on which was printed in very legible character^ the w "Death or liberty." Kvcrything which they could procure green was worn around their arms as ornaments ; the party were armed with muskets, blunderbusses, pistols, pikes, haversacks full of powder. As I was a yeoman, the pass I had got from my captain immediately occurred to me, which I drew fr<>m my pocket and tore into as many small pieces as time would allow, and threw them into the bottom of the coach. We were then dragged out and given in charge to cither two or four rebels, who told us if we attempted to put our hands in our pockets they would shoot us without the smallest hesitation, This perplexed me not a little, as I had a very loyal letter in mine, and in which the rebels were greatly

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 249

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Wicklow, somewhere around here, a man named Duffy took to the mountains and joined the United Irishmen. He had been a saddler by trade, and a good one. He earned two guineas and a half per week at the saddling trade, which was a solid wage for a craftsman in those days. But the spirit of sedition inspired him, and he left that work behind to join the rebels in the mountains of Wicklow. He carried out this intention about the same time as a man called Walsh, who had been a maltster for a brewer at Kilcullen, but who had robbed his master's house of considerable property and joined the rebels to elude justice. Duffy held the rank of captain among the United Irishmen. The rebels were commanded by Colonel McMahon, a former attorney, described by one passenger they stopped as a very humane little fellow. Another captain was a man named Neale, who had been a doctor, a man of prepossessing address and great understanding. The attack that brought these men into one passenger's account happened at a place called Red Gap, about three miles from the camp of Kilcullen and 24 from Dublin. The passenger was travelling from Cork to Dublin in the mail coach when he was woken from a nap by dreadful shoutings and cries of "Stop the coach" and "Shoot them" and "Kill them." The rebels wore white and green silk cockades in their hats, with cards printed with the words "Death or liberty."

60. Cavern opened by frost at Donoughmore Cross

    Donaghmore · townland · Cork

    Tradition held that a cross once stood near the old parish church at Donoughmore Cross. During a heavy snow and frost, a cavern opened in this area, but before investigation the road contractor had closed up the opening.

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    The village of Donoughmore is properly named Donoughmore Cross. There was anciently, as tradition has it, a cross standing in the area adjacent to the old parish church. A few years ago there was a heavy snow and frost, in the breaking up of which there was opened a cavern in this area. But before I was able to make any investigation the road contractor had closed up the opening.

    IX. I now pass to the northern side of the parish. In the northern boundary of this glebe there is part of a "lis" still remaining, and near it in my field is a cavern into which my sons and grandsons have gone from time to time. No doubt it has been long ago well searched. This cavern extends at least six feet, high enough for one of the boys to stand upright. Beyond that there is a smaller passage through which he threw a stone and heard at some distance the splash of water. I found in the field near it what I take to be the head of a stone hammer, a piece of chert, a stone not belonging to this neighbourhood, about four inches long and from one to two inches wide, well polished and showing a mark of the handle in which it had been fixed.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Donoughmore Cross. Tradition says a cross once stood near the old parish church. A few years ago, heavy snow and frost broke up the ground and opened a cavern in this area. Before anyone could investigate it, the road contractor had closed up the opening. On the northern side of the parish, part of a lis still remains in the boundary of the glebe. Near it, in a field, there is another cavern. Sons and grandsons have gone into it from time to time, though it has no doubt been long searched. The cavern extends at least 6 feet and is high enough for a boy to stand upright. Beyond that, a smaller passage leads further. A stone thrown through it landed in water, heard splashing at some distance. Near this cavern, a stone hammer head was found, a piece of chert about 4 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide. Chert does not belong to this neighbourhood. The piece was well polished and showed a mark where the handle had been fixed.