Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Te Deum at Carey's Lane chapel for deliverance from French

   Carey's Lane · street · Cork · 1797

   On 26 January 1797, a solemn Te Deum, high mass, and thanksgiving were offered at Carey's Lane chapel in Cork for the happy escape from the invading French foes. The French fleet had departed the coast by early January.

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   quartered, and forwarded a detachment escorting artillery to Bandon, where also the yeomanry corps of adjacent baronies, including Muskerry, were concentrated. The militia and fencibles, and such troops as could be spared, were started from Cork for Bantry bay, the people treating them hospitably on the march. Dr. Francis Moylan, Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, issued an address to his flock in the diocese on Christmas Day, impressing on them " the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order," and warning them, by the example of other countries where the French had been received, against being seduced by false promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. " They come," said the bishop, " only to rob, plunder, and destroy." But the stars in their courses fought against the invaders ; a strong easterly gale dispersed their fleet, and only on the 30th December did any reach Bantry bay — four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. These landed five hundred men, whom the Galway Militia offered to attack, but were restrained till further forces should arrive. At another spot they attempted to land one hundred and fifty men, but were checked by the fencibles, to whom a crowd of peasantry, armed with every weapon they could lay hand on, joined themselves. By the 5th January, 1797, all the French ships had left the coast, the General being disappointed in the expectation of the country rising to aid the foreign soldiers. On the 26th January — it is pleasant to record it — a solemn Te Deum, high mass and thanksgiving were offered up at Carey's Lane chapel, Cork, for " the happy escape we had from our invading foes." At this epoch there were embodied in Ireland thirty thousand effective yeomanry, horse and foot, disciplined on same plan as the line, and having arrangements made for ready concentration. Lord Dillon said in Parliament that Hoche was known to have promised his soldiery thirteen days' plunder in Ireland, a proceeding which poor cottagers at Bantry had a foretaste of.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 120

   As the companion tells it

   This is Carey's Lane chapel in Cork, where on the 26th of January 1797 a solemn Te Deum, high mass, and thanksgiving were offered up for what the record calls the happy escape we had from our invading foes. The danger had been real. A French fleet under General Hoche had set out for Ireland, and Bishop Francis Moylan, the Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, issued an address to his flock on Christmas Day. He impressed on them the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order, and warned them by the example of other countries where the French had been received against being seduced by false promises of emancipation and equalisation of property. He said, they come only to rob, plunder, and destroy. The weather broke against the invaders. A strong easterly gale dispersed the fleet, and only on the 30th of December did any ships reach Bantry Bay, four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, and some smaller vessels. They landed 500 men, whom the Galway Militia offered to attack but were restrained till further forces arrived. At another spot they tried to land 150 men but were checked by the fencibles, joined by a crowd of peasantry armed with whatever they could lay hand on. Troops were marched from Cork to Bantry Bay, and the people treated them hospitably on the march. By the 5th of January 1797 all the French ships had left the coast, the General disappointed in his expectation that the country would rise to aid the foreign soldiers. Lord Dillon said in Parliament that Hoche was known to have promised his soldiery 13 days' plunder in Ireland, and poor cottagers at Bantry had a foretaste of that. Three weeks later, the congregation gathered in Carey's Lane to give thanks.

2. Sir Thomas Norris mortally wounded at Kilteely, 1599

   Kilteely · town · Limerick · 1599

   In 1599 Sir Thomas Norris, president of Munster, was mortally wounded in a skirmish with Thomas Burke of Castleconnell, fought at Kilteely. He died a few days later at Mallow.

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   ('6) In the Tripartite it is stated that when St. Patrick was in the territory of Ara Cliach, a district which comprised Knockaney, Kilteely, Doon and Cullen, he built a church at Kill-teidhill (Kilteely). In 1599 Sir Thomas Norris, president of Munster, was mortally wounded in a skirmish with Thomas Burke, of Castleconnell, fought at Kilteely. He died a few days after at Mallow.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 276

   As the companion tells it

   Kilteely was a church place long before it was a fighting place. The Tripartite Life says St. Patrick built a church here when he travelled through the district of Ara Cliach. In 1599 it saw blood. Sir Thomas Norris, president of Munster, was mortally wounded in a skirmish with Thomas Burke of Castleconnell, fought at Kilteely. He died a few days later at Mallow.

3. Barry brothers hanged for robbery at Donoughmore

   Donaghmore · townland · Cork · 1797

   Two brothers named Barry, arrested by the Muskerry corps for burglary and robbery at Mr. O'Leary's house at Donoughmore, were hanged on 28th October. The incident illustrates the lawlessness and violent crime prevalent in the Muskerry district.

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   On 20th August the Lord Lieutenant arrived in Cork by way of Bantry which he had been inspecting, and was escorted into the city by the various local corps, and received loyal addresses from Cork, Bandon and other localities. Outrages and seditious oaths, how ever, continued. Two brothers named Barry, arrested by the Muskerry corps for burglary and robbery at Mr. O'Leary's house at Donoughmore, were hung on 28th October ; and others were committed by S. Swetc for administering oaths, and by J. Hawkes for conspiracy to rob. A murder that occurred before the last mentioned date was that of Mr. John Oliflfe, of Lissaniskey, parish of Knockavilly, which gave the same corps much police duty, partly

   202 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 121

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Donaghmore, two brothers named Barry were arrested by the Muskerry corps for burglary and robbery at Mr. O'Leary's house. They were hanged on 28 October 1797. This was a time of continuing outrages and seditious oaths. On 20 August the Lord Lieutenant had arrived in Cork by way of Bantry, escorted by local corps and receiving loyal addresses from Cork, Bandon and other localities. Yet the violence went on. Others were committed by S. Swetc for administering oaths, and by J. Hawkes for conspiracy to rob. A murder had also occurred, that of Mr. John Oliffe of Lissaniskey in the parish of Knockavilly, which gave the Muskerry corps much police duty.

4. Earl of Desmond pledges loyalty from Lough Gur (1537)

   near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick · 1537

   In December 1537, James, Earl of Desmond, wrote from Lough Gur to Lord Deputy Gray expressing readiness to serve the King and offering pledges in return for the King's pardon.

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   "December ijt/i, 1537. Loghgyr. James, Earl of Desmond to Gray. Readiness to serve the King. He never intended to offend, although he had suffered much wrong. He will put in pledges on receiving the King's pardon."

   This Earl was received into great favour by the King. He went to England in 1542, bearing letters of recommendation from Lord Deputy St. Leger. On this occasion lie was appointed Lord High Treasurer of Ireland. Desmond was favoured in order that he might be a counterbalance to the power of Ormonde. St. Leger, writing to King Henry, says, "I thought it good to have a Rowland for an Oliver."

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 89

   As the companion tells it

   Lough Gur in County Limerick. In December 1537, James, Earl of Desmond, wrote from here to Lord Deputy Gray. He declared his readiness to serve the King and said he had never intended to offend, though he had suffered much wrong. He offered to put in pledges in return for the King's pardon. He was later received into great favour. He went to England in 1542, bearing letters of recommendation from Lord Deputy St. Leger, and was appointed Lord High Treasurer of Ireland. Desmond was favoured to counterbalance the power of Ormonde. St. Leger, writing to King Henry, said, "I thought it good to have a Rowland for an Oliver."

5. Kilpeacon House and Sir William King's estate

   Kilpeacon · townland · Limerick · 1706–1851

   Sir William King died in 1706 at Kilpeacon House, situated close to a castle built by the Burkes. His property descended through grandnephews to Joseph Crips of Edwardstown, who took the name Villiers. The Kilpeacan estate was sold in 1851 in the Incumbered Estates' Court and bought by Major Gavan.

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   (m) Sir William King was governor of Limerick in 1690, and was made prisoner by the Irish, but escaped in August, 1691, and joined Ginckle at Caherconlish, to whom he gave important information. Sir William King married Barbara, daughter of Dr. Boyle, bishop of Cork. Hediedin 1706 at Kilpcacon House, which is situated close to the castle, which was built by the Burkes. Sir William King having no issue, his property descended to his grandnephews, Richard and Edward Villiers, who also dying without issue, Joseph Crips, of Edwardstown, near Balfyneety, inherited it, and took the name of Villiers. The Kilpeacan estate was sold in 1851 in the Incumbered Estates' Court, and was bought by Major Gavan, Kilpeacan, " St. Becan's Church.''

   O5) The tradition that giants were buried in these "leabthacha" has prevailed in Ireland at any rate for eleven centuries. In the Book of Armagh, which is thought to belong to the eighth century, it is mentioned that St. Patrick was once passing near a "giant's grave," when some of his followers, anticipating our antiquaries of the nineteenth century, expressed their unbelief that a giant was really buried in the grave. St, Patrick, however, to prove the truth of the old tradition," confronted the sci with the giant whom he raised from his bed, and who spoke the following words : — Ego sum Mace mate Cais maicc Giais qui fui subulcus Rig Lugir, rig hi Rotie; j'ugulavit me Flan mac maicc Con in regno Con pre nitli fer — " I am the grandson oi the son of Glas, who was a swineherd to King Lugir, a king in Rotius ; Flan, the grandson of Con, slew me in the kingdom of Cairbre, the heroic man."

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 276

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, in Kilpeacon, stood a house close to a castle built by the Burkes. Sir William King was governor of Limerick in 1690. The Irish made him prisoner, but he escaped in August 1691 and joined Ginckle at Caherconlish, giving him important information. He married Barbara, daughter of Dr. Boyle, bishop of Cork. He died in 1706 at this house. He had no issue, so his property descended to his grandnephews, Richard and Edward Villiers. They too died without issue. Joseph Crips of Edwardstown, near Ballyneety, then inherited the estate and took the name Villiers. The property was sold in 1851 in the Incumbered Estates' Court and bought by Major Gavan. The place takes its name from St. Becan's Church. There is an old tradition here too, that giants were buried in these places called leabthacha. This has lasted in Ireland for eleven centuries at least. The Book of Armagh, thought to belong to the eighth century, tells how St. Patrick was once passing near a giant's grave. Some of his followers, like antiquaries of the nineteenth century, doubted that a giant was really buried there. St. Patrick, to prove the old tradition true, confronted them with the giant himself, whom he raised from his bed. The giant spoke and said: "I am the grandson of the son of Glas, who was a swineherd to King Lugir, a king in Rotius; Flan, the grandson of Con, slew me in the kingdom of Cairbre, the heroic man."

6. Abbey of Wonye (Uaithne) founded by Theobald Fitzwalter

   Abington · townland · Limerick · 1189

   The Cistercian abbey of Wonye or Uaithne was founded in 1189 by Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Ormonde family, as a daughter house of the abbey of Savigney in Normandy. A small private chapel in a very dilapidated state is all that now remains of the abbey.

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   (2) Sir Edmond Walsh was son to Peter Walsh, who died 20th June, 1575, and " was seized in his demesne as of fee of the site and precinct of the late abbey or religious house of Wonye, and of all the castles, messuages, lands and tenements in Wonye, Castleneboynage, Killnenoge, Knockenegurten, Rathreagh a/ias Rathrareg, Kappernowke, Kappicullen, Lesmolane, Kyshecurke, and Aunagh." The abbey of Wonye or Uaithne was founded in 1189 by Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Ormonde family. It was a daughter of the Cistercian abbey of Savigney, in the diocese of Avranches, Normandy. Some writers say that Fitzwalter was buried in this abbey in 1206 ; others say that in 1204 he gave " two palfreys " for licence to go to England, where he died. He was nephew to Thomas a Becket, and his brother Hubert was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1 193. A small private chapel in a very dilapidated state is all that is left of the abbey of which Dineley gives a sketch. In this chapel there is a monument of the Walsh family with a long Latin inscription now nearly illegible. It was erected in 1618 by Lady Ellice Walsh in memory of her husband Sir Edmond. The old graveyard containing many valuable monuments was destroyed by Philip Stepney Rawson, as he intended building a mansion house on the site of the abbey. It is now a pasture field. Sir George Carew in Pacata Hibernia relates that Rory O'Donnell in his retreat after the battle of Kinsale lost several men when passing over the ford near this abbey. Carew also details at length how O'Donnell had previously eluded him on the way to Kinsale by making a forced march over the Slieve Phelim mountains, lying a little north of the abbey. There is a stone on bridge at Abington inscribed with Walsh arms and an inscription now illegible but given by Dineley.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 255

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Abington stood the abbey of Wonye, or Uaithne, founded in 1189 by Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Ormonde family. It was a daughter house of the Cistercian abbey of Savigney, in the diocese of Avranches, Normandy. Some writers say Fitzwalter was buried in this abbey in 1206. Others say that in 1204 he gave two palfreys for licence to go to England, where he died. He was nephew to Thomas a Becket, and his brother Hubert was made archbishop of Canterbury. A small private chapel in a very dilapidated state is all that is left of the abbey. Dineley gives a sketch of it. In this chapel there is a monument of the Walsh family with a long Latin inscription now nearly illegible. It was erected in 1618 by Lady Ellice Walsh in memory of her husband Sir Edmond. Sir Edmond Walsh was son to Peter Walsh, who died on the 20th of June, 1575, and who was seized in his demesne as of fee of the site and precinct of the late abbey, and of all the castles, messuages, lands and tenements in Wonye, Castleneboynage, Killnenoge, Knockenegurten, Rathreagh, Kappernowke, Kappicullen, Lesmolane, Kyshecurke, and Aunagh. The old graveyard containing many valuable monuments was destroyed by Philip Stepney Rawson, as he intended building a mansion house on the site of the abbey. It is now a pasture field. Sir George Carew in Pacata Hibernia relates that Rory O'Donnell in his retreat after the battle of Kinsale lost several men when passing over the ford near this abbey. Carew also details how O'Donnell had previously eluded him on the way to Kinsale by making a forced march over the Slieve Phelim mountains, lying a little north of the abbey. There is a stone bridge at Abington inscribed with Walsh arms and an inscription now illegible but given by Dineley.

7. Alderman Robert Rogers, mayor and financier of Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1680

   Alderman Robert Rogers of Ashgrove, Cork, was mayor of Cork in 1680 and lent money to the corporation to build the shambles. He had grants of lands from Charles II, which were confirmed by James II.

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   Eldest son of Francis Rogers, merchant, of Cork, by a daughter of Joseph Pike, and brother of the foregoing. He had grants of lands from Charles II., which were confirmed by James II. ; mayor of Cork, 1680; lent money to the corporation to build the shambles ; was apparently treasurer and financial agent of the corporation.

   He married, [697, Elizabeth, daughter of Alderman Noblett iHmscombe, of Cork, and died 1717. Ancestor of the Lota family.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 131

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, this is the city of Alderman Robert Rogers, eldest son of Francis Rogers, merchant. He had grants of lands from Charles the Second, confirmed by James the Second. He was mayor of Cork in 1680, and lent money to the corporation to build the shambles. He was treasurer and financial agent of the corporation. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Alderman Noblett Hinscombe of Cork, and died in 1717. He was ancestor of the Lota family.

8. Apocalyptic broom from Fanad to bring woe to Cork

   near Fanad · locality · Donegal

   A prophecy foretells that during the reign of Flann Cinaidh, a broom will come out of Fanait in Donegal, bringing direful woe to the people of Cork.

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   Some Stray Notes. — The curious legend of the impatient serpent has obtained a wide circulation. I heard it years ago in Cork, and an old native of Caherconlish told it to me lately. The legend may have originated from an old prophecy which O'Curry (Lect. on MS. Materials, 426) translates from Leabhar Mor Duna Doighre. " Loch Bel Sead, or the ' lake of the jewel mouth,' was called also Loch Bel Dragain, or the ' dragon mouth lake '; because Ternog's nurse caught a fiery dragon in the shape of a salmon, and St. Fursa induced her to throw it into Loch Bel Sead. And it is that dragon will come in the festival of St. John, near the end of the world, in the reign of Flann Cinaidh. And it is of it and out of it shall grow the Fiery Bolt which will kill three-fourths of the people of the world." Loch Bel Sead is now called Lough Muskry, from the old territory of Muscraidhe Ui Chuirc, in which it is situated. This lake originated, according to the legend, from the playing of a harper named Cliach. He stood so long on one spot, that the ground burst under his feet. The old name of the Galtee mountains is Crotta Cliach, or the "harps of Cliach." The fiery dragon will begin his course at Dun Cearmna, or Old Head of Kinsale, and will flash as far as Sruibh Brain, or Lough Foyle. The reign of Flann Cinaidh (voracious) will be a momentous one for Cork, for during it also will come the broom out of Fanait, in Donegal, which will bring direful woe to the people of Cork.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 52

   As the companion tells it

   There is an old prophecy, translated by O'Curry from Leabhar Mor Duna Doighre, that speaks of Fanad in Donegal. It tells of a dragon caught by Ternog's nurse in the shape of a salmon. St. Fursa induced her to throw it into Loch Bel Sead, the lake of the jewel mouth, also called Loch Bel Dragain, the dragon mouth lake. That dragon will come on the festival of St. John, near the end of the world, in the reign of Flann Cinaidh. From it will grow the Fiery Bolt, which will kill three-fourths of the people of the world. Loch Bel Sead is now called Lough Muskry, from the old territory of Muscraidhe Ui Chuirc. The lake itself originated, according to the legend, from a harper named Cliach, who stood so long on one spot that the ground burst under his feet. The old name of the Galtee mountains is Crotta Cliach, the harps of Cliach. The fiery dragon will begin his course at Dun Cearmna, the Old Head of Kinsale, and flash as far as Sruibh Brain, Lough Foyle. And the reign of Flann Cinaidh, whose name means voracious, will be a momentous one for Cork. For during it also will come the broom out of Fanait, in Donegal, which will bring direful woe to the people of Cork.

9. Ballybricken Castle ruins and Ingoldsby connection

   Ballybricken · electoral division · Limerick · 1650–1689

   The ruins of Ballybricken Castle, a Cromwellian-era stronghold, are visible about two miles south of Ludden church. Colonel Sir George Ingoldsby, a Cromwellian officer, received a large tract of land at Ballybricken, and the castle was attainted in James II's 1689 parliament.

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   married to Colonel Sir George Ingoldsby,^ of Ballybricken Castle, the ruins of which are visible about two miles south of Ludden church. Colonel Sir George Ingoldsby was a Cromwellian officer who got a large tract of land in Ballybricken. The following extract is from Fitzgerald's History of Limerick : —

   " On the 16th of August, 1650, Colonel Ingoldsby with his dragoons fell on a large party of the Irish who came out of Limerick to plunder, killed about twenty and pursued the rest to the gates of the city. The garrison of Limerick sent to him and requested some conditions of neutrality, which were refused by Ingoldsby."

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 275

   As the companion tells it

   Ballybricken is a place the road takes you through near Limerick. Colonel Sir George Ingoldsby was a Cromwellian officer who received a large tract of land here, and the ruins of his castle stand about two miles south of Ludden church. On the 16th of August, 1650, Ingoldsby with his dragoons fell on a large party of the Irish who had come out of Limerick to plunder. He killed about 20 and pursued the rest to the gates of the city. The garrison of Limerick sent to him and requested some conditions of neutrality, which Ingoldsby refused. The castle was later attainted in James the Second's parliament of 1689.

10. Blarney Castle keep building sequence

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    The keep of Blarney Castle was built in phases: first an original small keep, then a later addition bringing it to its existing form. The builder was the lord of Muskerry, who was killed in 1495, and the sequence is inferred from comparison with Carrignamuck Castle.

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    The keep of the castle of Carrignamuck, which was admirably described by our learned Vice-President in vol. i., first series of this Journal^ is externally of the same shape as that of Blarney Castle ; but in the former the projecting portion is a part of the structure itself, all being built together at the same time. This projection contains the newel stair, which fits very conveniently into it. As the two castles were built by the same lord of Muskerry, who was killed in 1495, and as Carrignamuck keep is a finished copy of what the Blarney keep became with its later addition, it may be inferred that the order of building was, first, the original small keep (a) of Blarney, next the addition (b) bringing this keep to its existing form, and last a smaller copy of this form in Carrignamuck.

    It may be added that Kilcrea Castle, built by the same lord of Muskerry, has two keeps, detached however, and not united except by the curtain walls of its bailey, or courtyard, and that one of these keeps is much older than the other, and of about the dimensions of the original small keep {a) of Blarney, and that it has, like this latter, its entrance at the first floor at a height of ten feet or so above the ground level, an arrangement found oftner in the older castles than in those of later times.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 201

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Blarney Castle, and its keep tells a story of building in stages. The keep was not put up all at once. It began as a smaller original keep, and a later addition brought it to the form you can see today. That much is inferred from comparison with Carrignamuck Castle, whose keep is externally the same shape as Blarney's. At Carrignamuck the projecting portion is part of the structure itself, all built together at the same time, with the newel stair fitting conveniently into it. Both castles were built by the same lord of Muskerry, who was killed in 1495. Since Carrignamuck's keep is a finished copy of what Blarney's keep became after its later addition, the order of building can be worked out. First came the original small keep of Blarney. Then the addition, bringing it to its existing form. Last came Carrignamuck, a smaller copy of that completed form. Kilcrea Castle, built by the same lord of Muskerry, adds weight to this. It has two keeps, detached from each other and united only by the curtain walls of its courtyard. One of these keeps is much older than the other, and roughly the dimensions of the original small keep of Blarney. Like that earlier keep, its entrance is at the first floor, about ten feet above ground level, an arrangement found more often in older castles than in later ones.

11. Blarney Castle kitchen and upper halls described

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    The top of the 'black stairs' leads to the kitchen of the keep, which was originally the 'lady's bower' or drawing-room of the original peel. The author notes the original fireplace was probably in the middle of the floor with smoke escaping through a louvre, and observes that parts of all four sides of the original peel survive within the present keep.

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    enemy of the MacCarthy. A little higher still up the stairs one comes to a floorless room, which was in all probability used as the private chapel of the castle after the enlargement of the keep, but when the peel stood alone it is almost certain to have been the young ladies' dormitory. When the door of this chamber was left open a prisoner or sick person in the small room just before mentioned could distinctly hear through the loophole the voice of the priest saying mass only a few yards away. It is likely also that this opening was often found useful for the purpose of watching a wretched prisoner. At the southern side of the east wall of the chapel chamber is a built-up window, which, if now open, would simply look up against a mass of stone and mortar. This chamber apparently never had a fireplace in it, but it is just possible that there was one at a partly built-up loop in the west wall. Going a little further up the stairs, where it becomes very steep and narrow, one soon arrives at a spot where there is another built-up loop in the east wall, and a little further still one comes to the top of the stairs and enters the kitchen of the keep — the most important, though probably not the largest kitchen in the castle — the castle of three hundred years ago, which encircled acres within its bailey walls and towers. This kitchen was the "lady's bower" or drawing-room of the original keep. The lower parts of the windows in this room are built up, and the level of the floor, which rests on the vaulting of the chapel chamber, is raised to fit it to its altered purpose. All the changes made in and about this room at the time of the building of the great addition are too numerous to mention here, and I will only say that the original fireplace was probably in the middle of the floor, the smoke escaping through a louvre in the roof. Here in passing I must point out that the frame of the door at the east side of the kitchen is in a tottering condition, but a very small outlay would put it into good repair. The upper part of the south-east coigne of the peel may be seen rising through the floor of the second uppermost of the great halls in the main building to the left of the great fireplace, and no bonding is visible. Thus parts of all four corners and parts of all four sides of the original peel may be seen in the stately tower which forms the present magnificent and venerable keep of Blarney Castle.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Blarney, the keep of Blarney Castle holds traces of an older building inside it. Climbing the steep, narrow stairs near the top, you come into what was the kitchen of the keep, the most important kitchen in a castle that 300 years ago encircled acres within its bailey walls and towers. But this room began as something else. It was the lady's bower, the drawing-room of the original peel, the smaller tower that stood here before the great keep was built around it. The lower parts of the windows are built up, and the floor, resting on the vaulting of the chapel chamber below, was raised to fit its new purpose. The original fireplace was probably in the middle of the floor, the smoke escaping through a louvre in the roof. The door frame at the east side is tottering, but a very small outlay would put it right. Below the kitchen, a floorless chamber served as the private chapel after the keep was enlarged, but when the peel stood alone it was almost certainly the young ladies' dormitory. It never had a fireplace. A loop in the east wall let a prisoner or a sick person in the small room below hear the voice of the priest saying mass only a few yards away. Up in the second of the great halls, the upper part of the south-east corner of the old peel rises through the floor to the left of the great fireplace, with no bonding visible. Parts of all 4 corners and all 4 sides of the original peel can still be seen inside the present keep.

12. Blarney Castle small room used as prison and sick-bay

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    A small room in the newer part of Blarney Castle's keep, accessed via a loop in the east wall, was probably used variously as a prison and a 'sick-bay' — likely serving as both dungeon and hospital to enemies of the MacCarthy. A nearby loophole allowed observation of prisoners and allowed them to hear Mass from the adjacent chapel chamber.

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    and the present little door made, the level of the floor of the room being at the same time lowered, and an entrance to it — intended to be the principal one — broken through the south wall, near the east end. This entrance communicated by a short passage with the lowest of the three great halls of the castle. The bay window, which makes the earl's bedroom so lightsome was constructed long subsequent to the building of the peel ; the original opening in the outer face of the wall was probably a very small one, and it is possible that here may have been situated the first fireplace in the keep ; unless there was a hearthplace at this spot there was at first no fireplace in this room ; probably it was when the great addition was made to the peel that the fire recess now to be seen was scooped out of the west wall under a little window through which the smoke found its way into the outer world, being guided thereto by a firehood of wood and plaster ; a good deal of the smoke found its way back again into the castle through badly-fitting upper windows. In the peel the rooms were too small and the walls not sufficiently thick to construct chimneys, such as have been formed in the great and massive addition, the smaller ones possibly a generation or two after its erection; indeed at the time the peel was built and for long afterwards chimneys were thought unnecessary, in fact a product of over-civilisation. Ascending " the black stairs " one comes to a garderobe in the thickness of the north wall, and a little higher a close examination of the east wall discloses a built-up shooting-hole or "loop." This window now looks up against the solid masonry of the neiver portion of the keep ; it once looked into the courtyard of the castle and defended the entrance door of the peel. A few steps higher one comes to a pleasant chamber which was probably originally the bedroom of the MacCarthy, lord of Muskerry, and afterwards the bedroom of the young ladies of the family. In this chamber, as in the case of the one beneath it, a door was broken through the south wall at the east end into the newer part of the keep. At the southern side of the east wall of this chamber there is a built-up window which once, like the before-mentioned eastern loop in the stair wall, looked into the courtyard. In this room there was certainly at first no fireplace, but in the course of time a hearth recess was constructed in the south-west corner, the smoke hole being similar to that in the room below. In every fireplace in the castle the fuel was laid on the hearthstcne, the logs being tilted up against brass or iron "fire-dogs." Mounting higher up the stair one comes to another loop in the east wall. This little window is open and looks into a small room in the newer part of the pile, the opening being near the floor of the room. This room was probably sometimes used as a prison and sometimes as a " sick-bay"; indeed it is but too likely that it was often both a dungeon and an hospital to some

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, inside Blarney Castle, the keep holds rooms built at different times. The older peel had rooms too small and walls too thin for chimneys, and when it was built chimneys were thought unnecessary, even a product of over-civilisation. A later, great addition was made to the peel, more massive, with chimneys formed perhaps a generation or two afterwards. The black stairs lead up past a garderobe in the thickness of the north wall. A close look at the east wall shows a built-up shooting-hole, or loop, that once looked into the courtyard and defended the entrance door of the peel. Now it looks up against solid masonry of the newer part of the keep. A few steps higher comes a chamber that was probably the bedroom of the MacCarthy, lord of Muskerry, and afterwards the bedroom of the young ladies of the family. At first there was no fireplace, but in time a hearth recess was built in the south-west corner. In every fireplace in the castle, fuel was laid on the hearthstone, logs tilted against brass or iron fire-dogs. Mounting higher still, one comes to another loop in the east wall. This little window is open and looks into a small room in the newer part of the pile, the opening near the floor of that room. Through this loophole prisoners could be observed, and from the adjacent chapel chamber they could hear Mass. This room was probably sometimes used as a prison and sometimes as a "sick-bay." It is but too likely, the writer says, that it was often both a dungeon and a hospital to some of the MacCarthy's enemies.

13. Burkes lose Caherconlish estate after 1645 rebellion

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick · 1645

    After the Burkes took part in the 1645 rebellion, they lost Caherconlish and the estate was granted to Sir Ralph Wilson, who held Limerick as governor at Cromwell's death. Wilson was one of the signatories to a document signed by governors of Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Galway, and other places.

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    In 1645 the Burkes having taken part in that rebellion bid goodbye to Caherconlish, and the estate was granted to Sir Ralph Wilson, knight, who held Limerick as governor at Cromwell's death, and was one of the signatories to the document signed by the governors of Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Galway, and other places, in which they said they would hold

    ghostly visitants hold high revel there. O'Donovan says that this moat is "supposed to be the object originally called Pailis," but might not the castle have been the Pailis ; there were castles as Pallasmore, county Tipperary, and Pallaskenry, county Limerick. The moat of course was there before the castle, but whether it was called Pailis or not cannot be now known, the name is applied to many forts as being fairy palaces. The moat is like an inverted bason, and the people say it is hollow, and that a passage runs from it and opens on the public road a couple of hundred yards north of the moat. An earthen fence, five feet high and fifteen feet from the moat, partly surrounds it. The moat is one hundred and seventy paces in circumference at bottom, and eighty paces at top. Its oblique height is thirty-four feet, it was formerly much higher, but earth was taken for top dressing until dread of the fairies' displeasure put a stop to the work of destruction. A number of terraces encircle the moat from bottom to top. I counted eight at distances of about four feet apart. This moat may perhaps be a burial mound and the Carn-Conaill of the legend. (For legend see Dr. Joyce's Irish Names of Places, vol. ii., p. 242.)

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 202

    As the companion tells it

    Caherconlish is the town the road passes through or near. In 1645 the Burkes took part in the rebellion and bid goodbye to Caherconlish. The estate was granted to Sir Ralph Wilson, knight, who held Limerick as governor at Cromwell's death. Wilson was one of the signatories to a document signed by the governors of Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Galway, and other places, in which they said they would hold. There is a moat here that people say is hollow, with a passage running from it that opens on the public road a couple of hundred yards north of the moat. An earthen fence, five feet high and fifteen feet from the moat, partly surrounds it. The moat is like an inverted basin, one hundred and seventy paces in circumference at the bottom, and eighty paces at the top. Its oblique height is thirty-four feet. It was formerly much higher, but earth was taken for top dressing until dread of the fairies' displeasure put a stop to the work. A number of terraces encircle the moat from bottom to top, eight of them at distances of about four feet apart. O'Donovan says the moat is, in his words, "supposed to be the object originally called Pailis," though the castle might have been the Pailis instead, as there were castles called Pallasmore in Tipperary and Pallaskenry in Limerick. The name is applied to many forts as being fairy palaces. People say ghostly visitants hold high revel there. The moat was there before the castle, but whether it was called Pailis cannot now be known. This moat may perhaps be a burial mound, and the Carn-Conaill of the legend.

14. Buttevant chalice made for Franciscan convent, 1600

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1600

    A chalice inscribed in 1600 by Nicholas Synan was made for the convent of the Friars Minors in Buttevant. It is now held by the Franciscan community in Liberty Street, Cork, and was exhibited at a Society conversazione.

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    inscription: — " Orate pro me Nicholas Sinan qui hoc opus fieri 1600, pro conventu F. F. Min 'fecit de Buttevant ;" translated, " Pray for me, Nicholas Synan, who caused this work to be made in 1600 for the convent of the Friars Minors in Buttevant." Vide Rev. C. P. Median's Irish Franciscan Monasteries, fifth edition, p. 486. This is that Buttevant chalice now justly in possession of the Franciscan community in Liberty Street, Cork, and which was so kindly exhibited by them at the conversazione of this Society last March as one of the much treasured relics of their former greatness and glory. May we be permitted to express the hope that our president, Mr. Robert Day, whose artistic tastes are well known, and whose contributions on cognate subjects have often graced the pages of this Journal, may inspect this chalice, and tell us all about it in his own inimitable way.

    Fiant 6,558 (date destroyed, Lord Deputy's warrant dated July 5, 1601), is a pardon to Patrick Synane of Castlefowke, to Ene O'Donegaine of Delligamore, and a host of others in Orrery and Kilmore, etc., etc. Fiant 6,762 (February, 1602), is a pardon to Ullick fit/. Wm. Roche of Ballyhewlye, gent. ; to Rob. fitz John Shynane ; and Edm. Shynane of the same place, yeomen ; and some hundreds of others in Cork and Limerick counties.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 305

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Buttevant, a town in Cork with a quiet connection to a chalice made in the year 1600. An inscription on the chalice reads, pray for me, Nicholas Synan, who caused this work to be made in 1600 for the convent of the Friars Minors in Buttevant. The chalice is now held by the Franciscan community in Liberty Street, Cork. It was exhibited at the conversazione of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, where it was described as one of the much treasured relics of their former greatness and glory. The name Synan appears again in records from the following year. A pardon under Lord Deputy's warrant, dated July 5, 1601, was granted to Patrick Synane of Castlefowke, to Ene O'Donegaine of Delligamore, and a host of others in Orrery and Kilmore. Another pardon went to Ullick Fitz William Roche of Ballyhewlye, a gentleman, to Robert Fitz John Shynane, and to Edmund Shynane of the same place, yeomen, along with some hundreds of others in Cork and Limerick counties. The journal expressed the hope that its president, Robert Day, might inspect the chalice and describe it in his own way.

15. Carn Fearadaigh identified with Seefin near Kilmallock

    near Seefin · minor feature · Limerick

    O'Donovan identifies Carn Fearadaigh (Ard Fearadaigh) with Seefin, south-west of Kilmallock, deriving the name from Feradach son of Rocorb, killed there by Tigernmas. Other scholars identify it with Cnoc Aine, and the piece discusses Beltine and Samhain fire customs across Ireland.

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    Carn Fearadaigh. — The editor of The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Grainne, as quoted by Mananaan Mac Lir in last month's Journal, is not correct in identifying Carn Fearadaigh with Cnoc Aine. This appears from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, in which it is stated that after leaving Ara Cliach, which included Cnoc Aine, St. Patrick went into the territory of Ui Fidhgente, at the other side of the Samhair, or Morning Star, and was entertained by Lonan, the son of Eire, chief of the Ui Fidhgente, on Mullach Cae, "hill of the feast," over against Carn Fearadaigh. O'Donovan identifies Carn, or Ard Fearadaigh, with Seefin, south-west of Kilmallock, and derives the name from Feradach, the son of Rocorb, who was killed there by Tigernmas, the son of Fallach. O'Halloran, O'Brien, and Hennessy, in Chronicon Scotorum, identify it with Cnoc Aine. Probably the people have confounded Aine Cliach, or Cliath, with Aine Cliar, for fires are lighted all over Ireland on St. John's Eve. O'Donovan says the fires of May-day, or Beltine, " fire of Bel," were transferred by St. Patrick to 24th June in honour of St. John the Baptist, who was a burning and a shining light. Cormac Mac Cuileannain mentions that cattle were driven on Beltine between the two fires which used to be made by the Druids to guard against the diseases of each year. On the day Samhain, that is, Samh-fhuin, " summer-end," and Samh, from Su, "to beget," all the fires in Ireland had to be extinguished to symbolize the death of the old year, which ended in pagan Ireland on 31st October, and also to enable the souls of the dead during the darkness to pass in their swift canoes to the Land of the West. At the birth of the new year the Druids lighted a fire on the hill of Tlachtgha, in Meath, and from this sacred fire every fire in Ireland had to be relighted. The same custom of putting out the fires prevailed in Mexico. The mid-summer fires are, I think, to be connected with the summer solstice, the sun-god being then supposed to have attained to his full glory.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 235

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Seefin, this place was known in older accounts as Carn Fearadaigh, or Ard Fearadaigh. O'Donovan identified it with Seefin, south-west of Kilmallock, and traced the name to Feradach, the son of Rocorb, who was killed here by Tigernmas, the son of Fallach. Not everyone agreed with O'Donovan. O'Halloran, O'Brien, and Hennessy, in the Chronicon Scotorum, placed Carn Fearadaigh at Cnoc Aine instead. But the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick seems to set the two apart. It says that after leaving Ara Cliach, which included Cnoc Aine, St. Patrick crossed the Samhair, the Morning Star river, into the territory of Ui Fidhgente. There he was entertained by Lonan, son of Eire, chief of the Ui Fidhgente, on Mullach Cae, the hill of the feast, which lay over against Carn Fearadaigh. So Patrick had left Cnoc Aine behind before Carn Fearadaigh stood before him. The people may have confounded Aine Cliach with Aine Cliar, for fires are lighted all over Ireland on St. John's Eve. O'Donovan said the May-day fires of Beltine, the fire of Bel, were transferred by St. Patrick to the 24th of June in honour of St. John the Baptist, who was, as the source says, "a burning and a shining light." Cormac Mac Cuileannain wrote that cattle were driven on Beltine between two fires made by the Druids to guard against the diseases of each year. On Samhain, summer-end, all the fires in Ireland were extinguished to mark the death of the old year, which ended on the 31st of October, and to let the souls of the dead pass in their swift canoes to the Land of the West. At the new year the Druids lighted a fire on the hill of Tlachtgha in Meath, and from it every fire in Ireland had to be relit.

16. Castle at bottom of Lough Gur linked to crannog tradition

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick

    A persistent tradition speaks of a castle at the bottom of Lough Gur, likely originating from memories of ancient crannog dwellings. The old native Irish term for crannog may have been 'sceng,' a word now lost.

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    The constant tradition of a castle at the bottom of Lough Gur probably took its rise, as many other like tales, from a tradition of the crannog dwellings. The old native term for crannog is now lost, but Mr. O'Beirne Crowe suggests that it might be " sceng," which he connects with the Sanscrit "skand" and Latin "scandere." O'Donovan, in Book of Rights, usually takes sceng to mean part of the trappings of a horse, but there is one passage where this meaning is not applicable, -cejc l*c;r)5J pop. \'C)hye-\"U no\)"CA, " ten scings against which the waves move." J. F. Lynch.

    Letters from General Washington, to Reuben Harvey, Esq., of Cork,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 53

    As the companion tells it

    There is a constant tradition of a castle at the bottom of Lough Gur. The tale probably grew from memories of crannog dwellings, those ancient lake homes built on artificial islands. The old native Irish word for crannog is now lost, but Mr. O'Beirne Crowe suggested it might have been sceng, a word he connects with the Sanskrit skand and the Latin scandere. O'Donovan, in the Book of Rights, usually takes sceng to mean part of the trappings of a horse. But there is one passage where that meaning will not fit. It speaks of ten scings against which the waves move. J. F. Lynch noted this.

17. Castlelyons used as refuge during the rebellion

    Castlelyons · town · Cork

    Cattle and English settlers were brought to the Earl of Barrimore's castle at Castle Lyons for safety during the rebellion. The next day they were driven to Youghal and many transported from the kingdom.

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    The Earl of Barrimore with his troupe, my Lord of BroghiU's troupe and the remaynder of the foote companyes marched towards the port towne of Yoghall and did save at Mallow, for Mr. William Dam; and for the English in those partes, what cattle we could, and brought them with us to the Earl of Barrimore's Castle, at Castle Lyons, The next day the companyes that marched to Voughall drove them there, and relieved the Towne beside. Many of them were transported from this kingdom which I conceive to be an act of Charity in the said Earle ami ought highly to be commended.

    My Lords troupe marched home to Lismorc, within four or five days

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 172

    As the companion tells it

    Castlelyons is the town the road passes through. During the rebellion, the Earl of Barrimore, the Lord of Broghill, and the remaining foot companies marched toward the port town of Youghal. They saved what cattle they could and the English in those parts, and brought them to the Earl of Barrimore's castle here. The next day the companies drove them on to Youghal and relieved the town besides. Many of the people were transported from this kingdom. The writer called it an act of charity by the Earl and said it ought to be highly commended. The Lord's troupe marched home to Lismore within four or five days.

18. City wall traces at Christchurch Lane, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    Christchurch Lane in Cork contains a Protestant National School, an old graveyard with monuments and antiquities in its crypt, and traces of the city wall. An ancient lease held by architect Robert Walker depicts a house 'built on the city wall' in this lane, showing an arch or breach in the wall.

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    The next place of interest is Christchurch Lane and the church itself. The lane is a very nice place to walk in, summer and winter, being well flagged ; having a Protestant National School on one side, and the cleanly kept old graveyard on the other, in which, and in the crypt, many monuments and relics of antiquity are to be met with. For traces of the city wall Council Member Robert Walker, architect, etc., has an ancient lease of a house "built on the city wall" in this lane, and showing on its face a well-drawn picture of the house itself, with the ground before it seemingly made up to the level of the wall, and showing an arch or a breach in the wall itself. There are many traces of the old city about here. Berwick fountain is the exact site of Tuckey's Bridge, which spanned a canal at that place, and on which the equestrian statue of George II. was first erected. Smith in his Complete Irish Traveller (1784), says, "The statue is of bronze, I think, and executed by a Dublin artist." He did not

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, traces of the old city wall survive at Christchurch Lane. The lane itself is a pleasant place to walk, well flagged, with a Protestant National School on one side and a cleanly kept old graveyard on the other. In that graveyard and in its crypt, many monuments and relics of antiquity are to be found. The wall is documented through an ancient lease held by Council Member Robert Walker, an architect. The lease is for a house, in his words, built on the city wall, in this lane. On its face the lease shows a well-drawn picture of the house, with the ground before it seemingly made up to the level of the wall, and showing an arch or a breach in the wall itself. There are many traces of the old city about here. Berwick fountain marks the exact site of Tuckey's Bridge, which spanned a canal at that place. The equestrian statue of George the Second was first erected on that bridge. Smith, in his Complete Irish Traveller of 1784, says the statue is of bronze and was executed by a Dublin artist.

19. Cork illuminated for Pius IX Episcopal Jubilee

    Cork · city · Cork · 1877

    Cork city was illuminated on a grand scale in June 1877 to celebrate the Episcopal Jubilee of Pope Pius IX. St. Mary's Church and the Priory were among the most elaborately decorated buildings, with flags, candles, gas jets, and Papal emblems spanning the river.

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    St. Mary's Church was certainly one of the most picturesque and most tastefully decorated buildings in the city. The Priory was surmounted with a large number of flags, combining a variety of colours, and presenting altogether a tasteful picture. All the windows were gaily lit up with candles and lamps. The church itself was a marvel of prettiness; the statue of the Blessed Virgin on the top of the edifice was brilliantly illuminated. The coronet on the head of our Lady was all aflame with little gas jets, and a collection of jets also lay at her feet. The portico was bedecked with flags, and each end of it was topped with a flag — one bearing the Papal arms, the other was white with a rich red cross on it. . . . At this point they had spanned the river with a great number of beautiful flags. From the centre of the line depended a large handsome banner, on which were depicted the tiara and the cross-keys, surmounted by the sacred motto, 'Gloria in Excelsis,' and underneath 'Long live Pius IX.' On the right hand was a shield bearing the inscription ' Signum Fidei,' and on the other shield, ' Ireland and Italy.' On the river they had tar-barrels, and along the quays a still greater number. There was a band in attendance throughout the evening."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this is a city that once blazed with light for a pope. In June 1877, Cork was illuminated on a grand scale to celebrate the Episcopal Jubilee of Pope Pius IX. St. Mary's Church was one of the most picturesque and tastefully decorated buildings in the city. The Priory was surmounted with a large number of flags, combining a variety of colours. All the windows were gaily lit up with candles and lamps. The statue of the Blessed Virgin on the top of the church was brilliantly illuminated. The coronet on her head was all aflame with little gas jets, and a collection of jets also lay at her feet. The portico was bedecked with flags, each end topped with one, one bearing the Papal arms, the other white with a rich red cross. They had spanned the river with a great number of beautiful flags. From the centre depended a large handsome banner depicting the tiara and the cross-keys, surmounted by the motto 'Gloria in Excelsis,' and underneath, 'Long live Pius IX.' On one shield was 'Signum Fidei,' and on the other, 'Ireland and Italy.' On the river they had tar-barrels, and along the quays a still greater number. A band was in attendance throughout the evening.

20. Courts held at the king's old castle, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1634–1639

    William Wiseman, as escheator of Munster, presided at courts for inquisitions held at the king's old castle in Cork, at Bandon, and at other places throughout the county during the 1630s.

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    Was escheator of Munster, and presided at the courts for inquisitions held at the king's old castle, Cork, at Bandon, and other places in the county. Resided at Kilbeg Castle, near Bandon, the ruins of which are still extant.

    6) When mayor he " pulled down the sign of the ' Duke of Monmouth's Head,' lately set up, and caused it to be burnt with great form and solemnity."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 214

    As the companion tells it

    Passing through Cork, this was where William Wiseman held courts. He was escheator of Munster in the 1630s, presiding at inquisitions at the king's old castle, at Bandon, and elsewhere in the county. He lived at Kilbeg Castle near Bandon, whose ruins still stand. As mayor he pulled down the sign of the 'Duke of Monmouth's Head' and had it burnt with great form and solemnity.

21. Cromwell confiscates Brittas property

    Brittas · townland · Cork

    The Brittas property was confiscated by Cromwell. Lord Brittas's second son, Colonel Burke, was hanged by Cromwell in Cork in 1653.

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    disguise of a priest, being permitted to pass unchallenged through the English lines, but was captured at Carrick-on-Suir and brought back to Limerick and hanged on Gallows Green, Garryowen, 1607. Linehan mentions that Sarsfield's wife was granddaughter to John Burke. John Burke's cousin, Theobald Burke of Castleconnel, got his lands — seven and a half ploughlands — and was made Baron Burke of Brittas in 161 8. In the battle of Liscarroll, September 3rd, 1642, between the English under Lord Inchiquin and the Irish under General Barry, Lord Brittas served under the latter. The Brittas property was confiscated by Cromwell, and the second son of Lord Brittas, Colonel Burke, was hung by Cromwell in Cork in 1653. Lord Brittas was restored to his property by Charles II. in 1666, but the estate was again lost under James II., as Theobald, Lord Brittas, and his son John, both of Ballymoney, county Limerick, were attainted in 1696. The lands of Brittas were purchased in 1703 by Thomas Stepney, the Grange, Portmarnock, county Dublin. Towards the close of last century the lands (j) came

    Who sings, " Lady love, lady love, come to me now, Come and live merrily under the bough ;

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 256

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Brittas, land changed hands again and again. Theobald Burke of Castleconnel received seven and a half ploughlands here and was made Baron Burke of Brittas. In the battle of Liscarroll on September 3rd, 1642, the English under Lord Inchiquin faced the Irish under General Barry, and Lord Brittas served under General Barry. The Brittas property was then confiscated by Cromwell. Colonel Burke, the second son of Lord Brittas, was hanged by Cromwell in Cork in 1653. Lord Brittas was later restored to the property by Charles the Second in 1666, but the estate was lost once more under James the Second. Theobald, Lord Brittas, and his son John, both of Ballymoney in county Limerick, were attainted in 1696. The lands of Brittas were then purchased in 1703 by Thomas Stepney of the Grange, Portmarnock, county Dublin. A song survives from these lands: "Lady love, lady love, come to me now, come and live merrily under the bough."

22. Dole House of Shandon Abbey near North Abbey Square

    near North Abbey Square · street · Cork

    The Dole House belonging to Shandon Abbey stood east of North Abbey Square where a lane runs up to the rock steps. It was where the monks doled out charity in food or clothing to the poor, and had a little stream from the river leading to a water-gate of its own.

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    In the last century there was a house and ferry where St. Vincent's Bridge stands ; the house was known as the Lilac House, from a fine lilac tree that overshadowed it. Goule's Weir (or whatever it is called now), across the river above the Lee Mills, belonged, with the fishery thereof, to the monks of Shandon Abbey in times long past. The Dole House belonging to the abbey stood to the east of North Abbey Square where the lane runs up to the rock steps, and it was the place where the monks doled out charity in food or clothing to the poor. It had a little stream from the river leading to a water-gate of its own, but I know of nothing of interest in connection with it, though I know that some of the silver vessels of the abbey are still in existence. Goul-na-spurra, " the centre of the spur," did not form an ornament to our city at that time; it was once a very narrow place for the mail coacli to Dublin to pass through ; it

    264 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCH/EOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 155

    As the companion tells it

    As Cork comes up along the road, this is the city of Shandon Abbey. The Dole House belonging to the abbey stood east of North Abbey Square, where the lane runs up to the rock steps. It was the place where the monks doled out charity in food or clothing to the poor. A little stream from the river led to a water-gate of its own, so the building had its own access from the water. The weir across the river above the Lee Mills, called Goule's Weir, belonged with its fishery to the monks of Shandon Abbey in times long past. Some of the silver vessels of the abbey are still in existence. The writer says he knows of nothing else of interest in connection with the Dole House itself, though those silver vessels survive as a trace of what the abbey once held.

23. Doneraile borough incorporated and parish church rebuilt

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1633–1679

    The borough of Doneraile was incorporated on 1st May 1679, and Arthur St. Leger (first Viscount Doneraile) and his father were its first two members. Arthur St. Leger rebuilt the parish church of Doneraile, originally erected by his grandfather in 1633.

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    Eldest son of John St. Leger, M.P. {q.v.) He and his father were the first two members for the borough, which was incorporated 1st May, 1679. Attainted by James II., 1689; a privy councillor; created Baron of Kilmaydon and Viscount " Downerayle" 23rd June, 1703. Rebuilt the parish church of Doneraile, which had been erected by his grandfather in 1633.

    He married 24th January, 1690, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Hayes, M.P. {q.v.); she died 1739, anc^ 'ia<^ issue (sce following). He died suddenly in his chaise on the road between Waterford and Doneraile, 7th July, 1727, and was buried at Doneraile. The viscountcy of this creation is extinct.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 132

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the borough of Doneraile was incorporated on 1st May 1679. Arthur St. Leger and his father John were its first two members. Arthur rebuilt the parish church of Doneraile, which his grandfather had first erected in 1633. He was attainted by James II in 1689, made a privy councillor, and created Baron of Kilmaydon and Viscount Doneraile on 23rd June 1703. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Hayes, on 24th January 1690. She died in 1739. He died suddenly in his chaise on the road between Waterford and Doneraile on 7th July 1727, and was buried at Doneraile. The viscountcy of this creation is extinct.

24. Duhallow Hunt Cup race over Mallow course

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1806

    A dispute over the Duhallow Hunt Cup in November 1806 led to a resolution that the race be four miles over Mallow course, carrying twelve stone, ridden by grooms, with horses qualifying over a four-foot wall and a sporting ditch. Captain Porter named his horse 'Marquis' and William Purcell challenged with 'Messenger'.

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    Mondav, yd November, 1806. Resolved — That a difference of opinion having occurred as to the right of possession of the Duhallow Hunt Cup, the time for challenging the same be enlarged to Monday, the 1st day of December next, on the usual hour, of a deposit to be paid to the treasurer at the time of challenge, Captain Porter and Mr. Newsom to be exempt from paying any deposit. The race to be four miles over Mallow course, such day during the next meeting as the steward shall appoint, carrying twelve stone, to be rode by grooms, the horses to qualify over a fourfoot wall and a sporting ditch, to the satisfaction of the steward.

    Resolved — That the club shall meet and dine together at Carmichael's, in Mallow, on Monday, the 1st of December next.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow, in Cork. In November 1806, a difference of opinion had arisen over who held the right to the Duhallow Hunt Cup. The time for challenging it was enlarged to the 1st of December. Captain Porter and Mr. Newsom were exempt from paying any deposit. The race was set at four miles over Mallow course, carrying twelve stone, to be ridden by grooms. The horses had to qualify over a four-foot wall and a sporting ditch, to the steward's satisfaction. Captain Porter named his horse Marquis, and William Purcell challenged with Messenger. The club was to meet and dine together at Carmichael's, in Mallow, on Monday the 1st of December.

25. Dundannion Castle ruined tower

    near Dundanion · street · Cork

    The ruined tower of Dundannion Castle was a place the author often explored. He speculated it may be 'Galway's Castel' on the map of The Pacala, though he distrusted the accuracy of that book's artists.

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    We often strayed into the ruined tower of Dundannion Castle, which I think must be " Galway's Castel" in the map of The Pacala; but the artists of that book were not of much account (as I said before), and had an utter contempt for perspective, like John Chinaman in his willow pattern plate, which we seldom see now. Blackrock Castle, though, is on the very site of the old tower built by the Normans for the defence of the river and as a signal tower. I had a picture of it, in vvhich the mayor and corporation are shown returning from "throwing the dart," and this was how it was got over in the good old times : — ■" Ordered — That the Mayor, Mr. Common Speaker, and Alderman Lavitt, with the members of the Corporation, do proceed in boats from the Mayor's Slip (it was under that big tree outside the Mansion House, now Mercy Hospital), to Blackrock Castle, and from thence to sea, where the Mayor shall throw the Dart, at the limits of his jurisdiction, for the conservancy of the river. And that an entertainment be provided for them on their return to the castle, the cost whereof is not to exceed ,£8." It must have cost more in 1826, for after they left the castle the place was found to be on fire, which broke out in the octagon room, or Admiralty Court, which was on the top of the tower. The present very handsome castle or lighthouse was built in 1828, from designs by Thomas Payne, but the old foundation was utilized. Here is another extract of the times that are past: — "Ordered — That the turf stored at Blackrock Castle be sold, at a nominal price, to Protestants only, the quantity supplied to each applicant not to exceed two kishes." Said turf was burnt in earlier days in an iron cage on the top of the tower, as a beacon fire. And so, bit by bit, and taking many years, was built The Marina ; but old people yet living remember when yachts and boats sailed over where stands the Park, and landed their passengers where now stands the Cork and Bandon railway terminus, when the traffic to Cove was done by whaleboats and luggers, for it was not called Queenstown until after her Majesty's visit in 1849. The same thing is being gradually done below the castle to Horse Head, for the city is making rapid strides to the east, and it is well to let the growing generation know what their native city was like in former years.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 282

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Dundanion, you have the ruined tower of Dundannion Castle. The author of this passage often strayed into it, and he thought it must be what is marked as Galway's Castel on the map of The Pacala. But he did not trust the artists of that book. He said they were not of much account and had an utter contempt for perspective, like the makers of the willow pattern plate. From there his account moves to Blackrock Castle, which stands on the very site of an old tower built by the Normans for the defence of the river and as a signal tower. He had a picture of it showing the mayor and corporation returning from throwing the dart. In the old times it was ordered that the Mayor, Mr. Common Speaker, and Alderman Lavitt, with the members of the Corporation, should proceed in boats from the Mayor's Slip under a big tree outside the Mansion House, now Mercy Hospital, to Blackrock Castle, and from thence to sea, where the Mayor should throw the Dart at the limits of his jurisdiction for the conservancy of the river. An entertainment was to be provided on their return to the castle, the cost not to exceed 8 pounds. It must have cost more in 1826, for after they left the castle the place was found to be on fire, which broke out in the octagon room, or Admiralty Court, on the top of the tower. The present castle or lighthouse was built in 1828 from designs by Thomas Payne, using the old foundation.

26. Earthen fort Cnocaun O'Kinnealey near Caherconlish

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick

    On a hill along the road from Caherconlish to Ballyneety stands an earthen fort known locally as Cnocaun O'Kinnealey. The name may preserve a pre-English memory, as the O'Kinnealeys held large possessions in Lower Connello before the Norman invasion.

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    A short distance from Caherconlish, on the road to Ballynccty, there is a little hill through which the road has been cut ; on this hill at the right hand side of the road there is an earthen fort, known to the people as Cnocaun O'Kinnealey. This name may be a survival of pre-English times, as the O'Kinnealeys held large possessions in the Baron)- of Lower Connello prior to the English invasion.

    At the death of King Donald O'Brien, which occurred in the year 1 195, and who, while he lived, was more than able to hold his own, William de Burgh got large grants from King John, and immediately proceeded to build castles throughout this district, and to earl)- in the thirteenth century I attribute two at least of the Caherconlish castas. One of these was the castle which formerly stood on the hill of Caherconlish, and the other was a fine fortress which stood on a hill, Cnoc-a'- tsean-chaisleain, " the hill of the old castle," about a mile outside the village, beside the new road to Limerick. I shall give a description of this later on when treating of the castles of Caherconlish.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 185

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through or near Caherconlish, a short distance along the road toward Ballyneety, the road has been cut through a little hill. On that hill stands an earthen fort the people call Cnocaun O'Kinnealey. The name may survive from before the English came, for the O'Kinnealeys held large possessions in the Barony of Lower Connello prior to the English invasion. After the death of King Donald O'Brien, who while he lived was more than able to hold his own, William de Burgh received large grants from King John. He proceeded at once to build castles throughout this district. To the early thirteenth century belong at least two of the Caherconlish castles. One stood on the hill of Caherconlish itself. The other was a fine fortress on a hill called Cnoc-a'tsean-chaisleain, the hill of the old castle, about a mile outside the village, beside the new road to Limerick.

27. Edward Webber and the Mardyke Walk, Cork

    Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1719–1730

    Edward Webber, M.P. for Cork City 1727–1730, commenced the Mardyke Walk at his own private expense in 1719 and built a house at the West End with fruit gardens for visitors. He also held the lease of the ferry over the north river of the city called the Lee.

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    He was an attorney; clerk of the crown and peace, 1714; admitted free of Cork gratis, 1699; sheriff, 1713; was granted the office of town clerk in reversion, 18th January, 1705, at a yearly rent of £\o, and a payment of .£100 on completion of the grant ; was lessee of the ferry " over the north river of the city called the Lee," 9th September, 1713, in consideration of £100 paid to the corporation; appointed "city agent," 1724; "in 1719 he commenced the Mardyke Walk at his private expense," and he also "built a house at the West End, where there were good gardens planted with fruit, for the accommodation and entertainment of persons who frequented the Walk."

    He married Mary, daughter of George Rogers, m.p. (q.v.), and had issue, of whom the eldest son was named George.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 214

    As the companion tells it

    The road is taking you through Mardyke, in Cork. Edward Webber, an attorney and clerk of the crown and peace, began this walk in 1719 at his own private expense. He built a house at the West End, where there were good gardens planted with fruit, for the accommodation and entertainment of persons who frequented the Walk. He had become sheriff in 1713, and that same year he took the lease of the ferry over the north river of the city called the Lee, paying 100 pounds to the corporation for it. He was appointed city agent in 1724 and served as M.P. for Cork City from 1727 to 1730. He married Mary, daughter of George Rogers, M.P., and his eldest son was named George.

28. Fairy piper heard at Carrigafeepera in Boskill

    Boskill · townland · Limerick

    A hill in Boskill townland called Carrigafeepera, or 'the Piper's Rock,' is named for a fairy piper said to be often heard there. A similar legend attaches to a Piper's Rock in the Comeragh Mountains, where a lost piper played his pipes seeking help that never came.

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    ('') A short distance to the south-east of this old house, and in Boskill townland, there is a hill, Carrigafeepera, or "the Piper's Rock," so called because a fairy piper is often heard there. In the Comeragh Mountains there is a Piper's Rock, thus named, it is said, from a piper who lost his way and played his pipes on this rock to bring the help which never came, and oft may still be heard, the people say, the sound of pipes from Carrigafeepera.

    -3

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 206

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Boskill, there's a hill called Carrigafeepera, the Piper's Rock. A fairy piper is often heard there. The same name belongs to a rock in the Comeragh Mountains, where a piper lost his way and played his pipes on the rock to bring help that never came. The people say the sound of pipes may still be heard from Carrigafeepera.

29. Father Horgan's round towers at Waterloo and Whitechurch

    Waterloo · street · Cork

    Father Mat Horgan of Blarney, finding no round towers at Waterloo or Whitechurch, built them independently himself. The author uses this to illustrate the practice of church builders placing Christian edifices near round towers.

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    HEN the fair-haired Fin Barr left his retreat in Lone Gougane Barra, and wandered duwn the valley of the Lee, his eye was caught by the beauty of a cluster of verdure-clad islands, mirrored in crystal water which ringed them lovingly round, as the Atlantic clasps green Erin. On these clustered islands the good saint determined to found a place, which from his time grew and throve, until it became what it is to-day — the beautiful city of Cork. It was not much of a site in an engineering point of view on which to found a city, being too far from the sea for one reason, being too low for another, and he never thought that the green hills around it would be a line place for the cannon of future days to batter down his little city. I hold it was the presence of one of the pillar towers of Ireland, which stood at the foot of a hill on the mainland, near to what is now Elizabeth Fort, was the attraction, as most church builders built Christian edifices very near to a round tower. Father Mat Horgan, of Blarney, finding no towers at Waterloo or Whitechurch. built them independently for himself, and there they are.

    486 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 281

    As the companion tells it

    This is where Father Mat Horgan built round towers at Waterloo and Whitechurch. The story begins with Fin Barr, who left his retreat in Gougane Barra and wandered down the valley of the Lee. His eye was caught by the beauty of verdure-clad islands mirrored in crystal water. On these clustered islands the good saint determined to found a place, which grew and throve until it became the city of Cork. It was not much of a site for founding a city, being too far from the sea and too low, and he never thought the green hills around it would be a place for cannon of future days to batter down his little city. The author holds that the presence of one of the pillar towers of Ireland, which stood at the foot of a hill on the mainland near Elizabeth Fort, was the attraction, as most church builders built Christian edifices very near to a round tower. Father Mat Horgan of Blarney, finding no towers at Waterloo or Whitechurch, built them independently for himself, and there they are.

30. Founding of Cistercian abbey of Maur in Myross

    Myross · townland · Cork · 1172–1488

    The Cistercian abbey of Maur, or 'de Fonte vivo', in the parish of Myross, diocese of Ross, was founded in 1172 by Dermod McCarthy, king of Cork. Pope Innocent VIII later conferred the abbey on Thaddeus, bishop of Ross, in commendam in 1488.

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    down to the time of Elizabeth." About the period we treat of, the McCarthys were divided into several branches — McCarthy Mor of Kerry, or princes of Desmond ; McCarthy Reagh, princes of Carbcry ; McCarthys of Muskerry, and the McCarthys of Duhallow. Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, gave his daughter Ellenor in marriage to Donald MacFineen McCarthy Reagh, and there is extant an indenture between the earl and McCarthy Reagh, by which on certain conditions Donald accepted to recognise the King of England, etc., dated 20th November, 1496. The power of the McCarthys was so great that all Queen Elizabeth's designs were to destroy their power (vide Life and Letters of Florence McCarthy Mor, and Historical Pedigree, by D. McCarthy Glas). We see exhibited their spirit of religion in their monastic foundations. The abbey of St. Finbarr, " de Antro," founded by St. Finbarr, was refounded by Cormac McCarthy, king of Munster, anno 11 34, for canons regular of the order of St. Augustin. He also built the celebrated chapel on the Rock of Cashel, called after him " Cormac's chapel." In 1172 the Cistercian abbey of Maur, or " de Fonte vivo," in the parish of Myross, diocese of Ross, was founded by Dermod McCarthy, king of Cork ; Tracton abbey, also Cistercian, founded by the McCarthys in 1224. The Augustinian convent of Ballymacadam, near Cork, the Franciscan abbeys of Cork, Timoleague, and Kilcrea testify to it. In Muskerry and Carbcry, in which the greater part of the diocese of Cork is situated, the power of the McCarthys was very great at this period. Hence the jealousy why the FitzGeralds would not wish to see a member of a powerful neighbouring family in the see of Cloyne.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 289

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here in Myross, the Cistercian abbey of Maur was founded in 1172 by Dermod McCarthy, king of Cork. The abbey was also called "de Fonte vivo." It stood in the diocese of Ross. The McCarthys were a powerful family in this part of Ireland, divided into several branches. McCarthy Mor of Kerry were princes of Desmond. McCarthy Reagh were princes of Carbery. There were also the McCarthys of Muskerry and the McCarthys of Duhallow. Their power was so great that all Queen Elizabeth's designs were aimed at destroying it. The McCarthys showed their spirit of religion in their monastic foundations. Besides the abbey of Maur, they founded Tracton abbey, also Cistercian, in 1224. Their religious houses included the Augustinian convent of Ballymacadam near Cork, and the Franciscan abbeys of Cork, Timoleague, and Kilcrea. Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, gave his daughter Ellenor in marriage to Donald MacFineen McCarthy Reagh. An indenture between the earl and McCarthy Reagh, dated 20th November 1496, recorded that Donald accepted to recognise the King of England on certain conditions. In Muskerry and Carbery, where the greater part of the diocese of Cork is situated, the power of the McCarthys was very great. The jealousy between the FitzGeralds and the McCarthys was such that the FitzGeralds would not wish to see a member of the neighbouring McCarthy family in the see of Cloyne.

31. Founding of Ludden abbey under King Stephen

    Ludden · parish · Limerick · 1135–1154

    According to Matthew Paris, the Knight Owin, having served King Stephen, obtained land in Ireland to build a monastery called Ludden, an abbey of white monks. Gervasius became the first abbot and the monk Gilbert trained Owin in the order.

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    It appears from this that Gervasius, abbot of a monastery called Ludan, obtained some ground through the good offices of King Stephen, probably with the Danish bishop of Limerick, who was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury,^) on which to build a monastery. That he

    (4) The St. Patrick whose name is connected with this purgatory lived about the year 850. Mathew Paris gives a long description of the experience of the Knight Owen in the purgatory. There is also an account of the purgatory in Hanmcr's Chronicle: — " And it seemeth to be after the manner of concavities in the bowels of the earth, where the ayre entering naturally to avoid vacuum, and the wind following, whisteleth and crieth like doleful ghosts." The cries were considered to be the groans of spirits in purgatory doing penance for their sins. Dr. Lanigan says : — " This purgatory or purging place of Lough Derg was set up against another Patrick's purgatory, viz., that of Croagh Patrick, mentioned by Jocelyn, which, however ill-founded the vulgar opinion concerning it, was less objectionable." The entrance to the purgatory was a cave in Station Island in Lough Derg, county Donegal. It was visited annually by multitudes ot people from all parts. Various efforts were made by several Popes and Lords Justices of Ireland to suppress it, but without success.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 273

    As the companion tells it

    This parish is Ludden in Limerick. In the time of King Stephen, between 1135 and 1154, a knight named Owin who had served the king obtained land in Ireland on which to build a monastery. Matthew Paris tells the story. Owin sought to found an abbey of white monks, and through the good offices of King Stephen, the ground was secured for the building. The Danish bishop of Limerick, who had been consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, probably helped in the matter. Gervasius became the first abbot of the new monastery, which was called Ludden. A monk named Gilbert trained Owin in the order. So the foundation brought together a knight who had served a king and sought to build a house of monks, a bishop who helped obtain the land, an abbot to lead the new community, and a monk to instruct the founder in the rule of the white monks he had chosen to join.

32. Gentlemen's association formed at Moviddy against robbers

    Moviddy · parish · Cork · 1798

    On 2nd February 1798, a meeting of gentlemen of East and West Muskerry and Barretts baronies was held at the house of Mr. Walter Wall at Moviddy. They formed a society to aid civil magistrates in detecting and prosecuting offenders, describing the district as infested by a desperate gang of robbers.

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    Several baronies and counties in Ireland were proclaimed about this time as disturbed, and early in January, 1798, intelligence reached England of a plan for landing there a very large French army, to be conveyed across the Channel in thirty enormous rafts, each capable of carrying ten thousand men ! Monge, the mathematician, was the inventor of the rafts. The lawlessness of the times was rampant in Muskerry as in other places, and a meeting of the gentlemen of east and west Muskerry and Barretts baronies was held on 2nd February, 1798, at the house of Mr. Walter Wall, at Moviddy, for " considering the propriety of associating to promote public justice and a due execution of the law." Sir Robert Warren, bart, was in the chair, and the following resolution was passed : —

    " That, having considered the baronies of West and East Muskerry, Barretts and its vicinity (in which part of the Liberties of the city of Cork is included) infested for some Years by a desperate gang of robbers, rendered not more formidable by their extensive conspiracy and their atrocious acts of violence than by their perjuries and subornation, We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, anxious for the protection ot the Persons and Properties of the Inhabitants of our District, to whose Loyalty and Peaceable Demeanor we are happy to bear testimony, deem it expedient that a Society be formed for the purpose of aiding the Civil Magistrates in detecting, apprehending and prosecuting heinous Offenders within our District, and we form ourselves into a society for that purpose."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 121

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Moviddy, in Cork, was where a meeting of gentlemen took place on the 2nd of February 1798. Lawlessness was rampant in Muskerry as in other places at that time. Several baronies and counties in Ireland had been proclaimed as disturbed, and intelligence had reached England of a plan for landing there a very large French army, to be conveyed across the Channel in thirty enormous rafts, each capable of carrying ten thousand men. Monge, the mathematician, was the inventor of the rafts. The gentlemen of East and West Muskerry and Barretts baronies gathered at the house of Mr. Walter Wall at Moviddy, to consider the propriety of associating to promote public justice and a due execution of the law. Sir Robert Warren, bart, was in the chair. They passed a resolution declaring that the baronies of West and East Muskerry, Barretts and its vicinity, in which part of the Liberties of the city of Cork was included, had been infested for some years by a desperate gang of robbers, rendered formidable by their extensive conspiracy, their atrocious acts of violence, and by their perjuries and subornation. The gentlemen bore testimony to the loyalty and peaceable demeanor of the inhabitants of the district, and formed themselves into a society to aid the civil magistrates in detecting, apprehending, and prosecuting heinous offenders.

33. Glanworth lands granted to Flemming and Roche

    Glanworth · town · Cork

    The adjoining lands of Glan Ore, or Glanworth, were granted to Flemming, whose daughter's marriage brought them to the Roches (de la Roupe), Viscounts of Fermoy and anciently Barons of Pool Castle. The whole tract became known as Roche's country.

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    The country was named Armoy {i.e. Freshfield), and sometimes Ur Magh, which has the same signification. The adjoining lands of Glan Ore, or Glanworth, were granted to Flemming, who by the marriage of his daughter came to the Roches, or de la Roupe, who were Lord Viscounts of Fermoy, and anciently Barons of Pool Castle, alias Castle Lough, and all this tract is still called Roches country. It is said that Roche, who married the heiress of Flemming, ingratiated himself by killing one of the Condons by a crossbow shot in the thigh, which part happened to be uncovered by the raising up of his cuirass, x^my

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 294

    As the companion tells it

    The lands of Glanworth were granted to a man named Flemming. Through the marriage of his daughter, these lands passed to the Roches, also called de la Roupe, who held the title Viscounts of Fermoy and were anciently Barons of Pool Castle, or Castle Lough. The whole tract became known as Roche's country. It is said that Roche, who married the heiress of Flemming, ingratiated himself by killing one of the Condons with a crossbow shot to the thigh, a part that happened to be uncovered when the man's cuirass was raised.

34. Guard placed on great bridge over the Blackwater at Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    After agreeing terms with the castle garrison, the rebels set watches and placed a strong guard on the great bridge over the Blackwater, within commanding range of the castle. The night passed quietly under this arrangement.

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    some sixteen yards from the castle walls. And so they parted on friendly terms, and presently sent, in the name of the General, to the castle for beer, bread and cheese, which was plentifully conferred on them. And so they, having sent their scouts, set their watches, and put a strong guard on the great bridge leading over the Blackwatcr (within the command of the castle), that night passed quietly over.

    And the next morning the said Sergeant-Major came to the Great Castle, and told those who had the charge thereof that he expected the Lord General's coming thither from the Lord Roche's that morning (as he thought), to march away in the afternoon, and desired continuance

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow, in Cork, sits on the Blackwater. Once, after agreeing terms with the castle garrison, the rebels sent to the castle in the name of the General for beer, bread and cheese, which was plentifully given. They sent their scouts and set their watches. They put a strong guard on the great bridge over the Blackwater, within command of the castle, some 16 yards from the castle walls. That night passed quietly. The next morning a Sergeant-Major came to the Great Castle and told those in charge that he expected the Lord General's coming from the Lord Roche's that morning, as he thought, to march away in the afternoon, and asked for continuance.

35. Gullawns and stone arrangement at Smyrna Cottage, Donoughmore

    Donaghmore · townland · Cork

    In a field behind Smyrna Cottage, residence of Mr. Francis Millard, stood several large gullawns and a geometric arrangement of five stones about two to three feet high, large enough to lay a human body within. The author believed a slab once covered the five stones, forming a destroyed dolmen.

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    In a field not much further on, behind Smyrna Cottage, the residence of Mr. Francis Millard (a nephew by half-blood of the late Lord Riversdale, bishop of Killaloc, once well - known as the celebrated preacher, Ludlow Tonson), there are several very fine gullawns, some partly leaning on the hedge, but in size equal to any I have mentioned. In the centre of the field close by are five stones about two to three feet in height, very geometrically placed, within which a human body might be laid. I have no doubt that a slab lay once on the top of these.

    Besides what I have mentioned, there are many other pillar stones less remarkable in size, and numerous raths. With all the remains I have mentioned, I was once quite familiar, but my walking days being now long passed, I tremble to think how many in these days of dynamite may have been blown up as obstructions. Indeed I know one remarkable block, adjacent to which the owner of the farm told me there had been another which he had himself removed.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 223

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, behind Smyrna Cottage, Mr. Francis Millard's residence, there were once several very fine gullawns. Some of them leaned partly on the hedge, but in size they were as large as any the author had seen. Millard was nephew by half-blood of the late Lord Riversdale, bishop of Killaloc, once well known as the celebrated preacher Ludlow Tonson. In the centre of the field stood 5 stones about 2 to 3 feet high, placed very geometrically, within which a human body might be laid. The author had no doubt that a slab once lay on top of these. Besides what he had mentioned, there were many other pillar stones, less remarkable in size, and numerous raths. The author had once been quite familiar with all these remains, but his walking days were now long passed. He trembled to think how many might have been blown up as obstructions in these days of dynamite. He knew of one remarkable block beside which the owner of the farm told him there had been another, which the owner had himself removed.

36. House-to-house arms search in Cork city, June 1798

    Cork · city · Cork · 1798

    General Myers occupied all exits from Cork city with troops on 8 June 1798 and conducted a house-to-house search for concealed arms, though few were found. This occurred during the suppression of the 1798 rebellion.

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    houses, and called on all to deilver up their arms ; and on the 8th June General Myers, having occupied with troops all the exits from the city, caused a search to be made from house to house for arms, but did not find many concealed. Soon after came the news of the defeat of the rebels at Vinegar Hill ; and seven Roman Catholic bishops of Munster sent an address to their clergy calling for their " utmost endeavours against this baneful contagion." The yeomanry were not idle in the country ; the Muskerry corps brought from Blarney, and the Bandon corps from Bantry, persons charged with administering unlawful oaths and other treasons. On the 29th June, Government issued a proclamation offering pardon to all rebels in arms who should surrender within fourteen days. At Skibbereen eleven privates of the YYestmeath Militia were arrested and escorted to Cork by yeomanry, where they were afterwards tried on the charge of being United Irishmen, and conspiring to murder their officers and join the country people to pillage and burn Skibbereen. Some comrades turned informers, and all but two were found guilty ; four were shot, four were ordered to serve abroad, and one received a thousand lashes. Fights still continued at various places between the troops and detached bodies of the rebels, but the rebellion had now practically been suppressed. In July Lord Cornwallis became lord lieutenant, and received an address from Roman Catholic gentlemen among others, offering their best exertions to stay the insurrection. Signs of returning tranquillity became more manifest, state trials for past offences being the only reminders, till the quiet was disturbed in August by the sudden landing of a small French force at Killala bay, but they shortly surrendered to a force under Lord Cornwallis after a battle at a place called Ballinamuck (Pigs-town). The forces of the Crown at this time in Ireland were — Ten regiments of cavalry, fifteen of foot, twelve "1 fencible cavalry, and thirty of fenciblc infantry, two of English, ami thirty-seven of Irish militia, besides nearly two hundred corps of volunteers, cavalry and infantry. On the 6th October the royal assent was given to an Act for a free pardon, on conditions, to the misguided men who had engaged in a profitless rebellion.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 123

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, this is where General Myers, on the 8th of June 1798, occupied every exit from the city with troops and sent soldiers searching house to house for concealed arms. He did not find many. Soon after came the news of the defeat of the rebels at Vinegar Hill. Seven Roman Catholic bishops of Munster sent an address to their clergy calling for their “utmost endeavours against this baneful contagion.” The yeomanry were active in the countryside. The Muskerry corps brought men from Blarney, and the Bandon corps brought men from Bantry, charged with administering unlawful oaths and other treasons. On the 29th of June, Government issued a proclamation offering pardon to all rebels in arms who should surrender within fourteen days. At Skibbereen, eleven privates of the Westmeath Militia were arrested and escorted to Cork by yeomanry. They were tried there on the charge of being United Irishmen, and conspiring to murder their officers and join the country people to pillage and burn Skibbereen. Some comrades turned informers, and all but two were found guilty. Four were shot, four were ordered to serve abroad, and one received a thousand lashes. Fights still continued at various places between the troops and detached bodies of the rebels, but the rebellion had now practically been suppressed. In July, Lord Cornwallis became lord lieutenant, and received an address from Roman Catholic gentlemen among others, offering their best exertions to stay the insurrection. Signs of returning tranquillity became more manifest, state trials for past offences being the only reminders, until the quiet was disturbed in August by the sudden landing of a small French force at Killala Bay. They shortly surrendered to a force under Lord Cornwallis after a battle at a place called Ballinamuck. On the 6th of October the royal assent was given to an Act for a free pardon, on conditions, to the men who had engaged in the rebellion.

37. John Silver's bequest for Youghal almshouse

    Youghal · town · Cork

    John Silver, M.P. for Rathcormick, bequeathed £30 to the poor of Youghal. Dr. Henry Maule, bishop of Meath, used part of the money to build walls for an almshouse, raising it only one story high, while the remainder was unaccounted for.

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    " John Silver bequeathed ^30 to the poor of Youghal. Dr. Henry Maule, present bishop of Meath, laid out part of it in walls for an almshouse, but carried it no higher than one story. What became of the remainder of the money, God knows. Some people may in time know, when they get to another world." (J)

    Silver, Owen.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 162

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal sits along this road. John Silver, M.P. for Rathcormick, left 30 pounds to the poor of Youghal. Dr. Henry Maule, bishop of Meath, spent part of it on walls for an almshouse, but built it only one story high. What became of the rest of the money, as the record says, God knows.

38. Kildromin church founded by Knights Templars, 1291

    Kildromin · townland · Limerick · 1291

    Lewis mentions that on an eminence near the village of Kilteely are some remains of the church of Kildromin, founded by the Knights Templars in 1291.

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    To the north of Ballinalough is the parish of Kilteely,(l6) that is, " St. Tidal's church." Lewis mentions that on an eminence near the village are some remains of the church of Kildromin, founded by the Knights Templars in 1291. Lonan, chief of the Ui Fidhgheinte, who made a great feast for St. Patrick on Mullach Cis, was buried at Kilteely. Near the village is, or rather was, a remarkable rock, for the greater part is now quarried away, which the people call Carrickittle, that is, as it is written by the Four Masters and in the Annals of Lough Ce, Carraig Ciotal, " Ciotal's Rock." The Earl of Kildare built a castle on this rock in 1 5 10, which is shown in Speede's Map of Munster contained in Pacata Hibemia. Dr. Joyce, in Irish Names, thinks that Ciotal is a diminutive from " Cet," a name which often occurs in old Irish tales, but he is not quite satisfied with this derivation owing to the absence of the genitive inflexion. In the Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill, it is stated that in the year 853 Amlaibh, king of Lochlainn, killed the son of Cennfaeladh, king of Muscraidhe Breoghain, a district not far from the town of Tipperary, and Caetil the White, with his whole garrison. This Caetil was a chief of the Gaill-Gaedhil, or apostate Irish, and it is not known where his fortress was situated. There is the probability however that it was not far from Tipperary, and as there seems to be great diversity in the annals as to the proper form of this name, may there not be a possibility that he may be identified with Ciotal of Carrickittle. Dr. Todd considers the name Caetil to be the same as the Scandinavian name Ketill. Many years ago a number of what an old man called Danish pikes were found near Kilteely. The same old man told me that under a large stone about a mile to the west of the Boughal Breaga he found, a few years ago, several axe heads made of a metal he did not know, and a couple of coins with inscriptions ; as these were neither gold nor silver he did not

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 276

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here are the remains of the church of Kildromin. Lewis recorded that it stood on an eminence near the village of Kilteely, and that it was founded by the Knights Templars in 1291. Kilteely itself means St. Tidal's church. Lonan, chief of the Ui Fidhgheinte, who made a great feast for St. Patrick on Mullach Cis, was buried there. Near the village was a remarkable rock the people call Carrickittle, written by the Four Masters and in the Annals of Lough Ce as Carraig Ciotal, "Ciotal's Rock." Much of it is now quarried away. The Earl of Kildare built a castle on this rock, which is shown in Speede's Map of Munster in Pacata Hibernia. Dr. Joyce, in Irish Names, thought Ciotal a diminutive from "Cet," a name found in old Irish tales, but was not satisfied with the derivation owing to the absence of the genitive inflexion. The Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill state that in 853 Amlaibh, king of Lochlainn, killed the son of Cennfaeladh, king of Muscraidhe Breoghain, a district not far from Tipperary, and Caetil the White, with his whole garrison. Caetil was a chief of the Gaill-Gaedhil, or apostate Irish, and his fortress is not known. There is a possibility he may be identified with Ciotal of Carrickittle. Dr. Todd considered the name Caetil the same as the Scandinavian name Ketill. Years ago a number of what an old man called Danish pikes were found near Kilteely. The same old man said that under a large stone about a mile west of the Boughal Breaga he found several axe heads made of a metal he did not know, and a couple of coins with inscriptions, neither gold nor silver.

39. Knockainy as prehistoric capital of Munster

    Knockainy · parish · Limerick

    Knockainy (Cnoc Aine / Cnockaney) is identified as the site of Ivernis, the prehistoric capital of Munster and the oldest settlement in Ireland, around which numerous de Danann legends cluster. The hill was associated with Aine, the earth-goddess daughter of Manannan, and its glories had faded shortly before the dawn of history in Ireland.

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    cooled down, and then by the Almighty Word land and water were made separate. Sir Robert Ball says that the fluid mass went at such a speed that a portion was sent flying off into space and formed the moon. I cannot say whether our old language gives any information about the loss of the moon, but it certainly alludes to the rising of the earth from the waters, and this was what the old myth-makers meant when they said that Aine, "the earth," was the daughter of Manannan, the god of water; and the reason why Aine and Manannan, undernamed Eogabhal, are specially remembered at Lough Gur is that this part of the county Limerick was one time overwhelmed by a flood, caused probably by some sudden settling down of land from the volcanic eruption which occurred here, and which is still remembered in the name of Lake Gar, which comes from root ga "water"; compare Ganges, Lake Geneva, and Loch Garman (Wexford Haven). The people who first settled in this Loch Gair district were Iberians who came originally from Asia Minor, and who, from these neolithic remains at Loch Gair, must have come at a very early period. This district they named Ariu, which means "earth," and is, in fact, the word "earth," the Greek epa8, in epa£e, and Eradne, the daughter of Peleus, the German erde, the Anglo- Saxon eord, the Gothic airtha, the Armenian ard, the Latin terra, and the Hebrew 'erets, all formed from this old root er or il which also occurs in Ararat. In old Irish these people of Ariu were called Araid, and the Ara, name of a barony in north-west Tipperary, is a contraction of Araid, and Uaithne and tir, which are sometimes applied to this barony and the one south of it in county Limerick, are simply glosses upon the old names Araid and Ariu. Dr. Keating was also not very far wrong when he derived Erinn from Eriu, a de Danand queen, and though such a scholar as Dr. Whitley Stokes has rejected this derivation, and is followed by Dr. Joyce in connecting Erinn with Sanscrit avara, " western," Dr. Keating is correct in deriving Erinn from Eriu, for this is the same word as Ariu, and means "land." The old words for "west" and "land" are very much alike, but they are clearly distinguished in Ptolemy's Map of Ireland. Iernus, meaning " west," is the name of a river in Kerry, and Ivernis, meaning "land of the rivers" [iv, Sanscrit ipai denotes "rivers") is the capital of the Iverni ("the people of the rivers"), the Ariu of the Araid, the only city in the south of Ireland in the second century, the prehistoric capital of Munster built on Cnockaney. This is the reason why the three Eochaidhs of Aine were among the noblest and proudest that answered the tryste at Loch Lein, and this is the reason why in that ancient volume, the Book of Rights, the hero of Cashel is called "the hero of Cliach, or "the hero of the woods of Ara," for Cliach means "woods," and this is the reason why so many remains of antiquity have been discovered at Loch Gair, and this is the reason why around Cnoc Aine so many de Danand legends cluster. The ages of Emania and Tara are but as yesterday to the age of this city, the oldest settlement in Ireland. Here still at Loch Gair is the temple in which the sun was worshipped for ages, older by far than the boasted Stonehenge, and here still are cromlechs in which were interred the kings and chiefs of ancient Ariu ; cromlechs as old as those of the land of Moab. The glories of Cnoc Aine had faded shortly before the dawn of history in Ireland. We can just catch a fleeting glimpse of these glories in Ptolemy and in those grand de Danand myths, but Loch Gair has for long been wrapped in eternal night. Eriu, though a very old form, is still in a state of decay when first mentioned in our documents. Comparison with the Hebrew 'erets shows at once that the prehistoric form of Eriu is Ereds, or perhaps Eredes. Compare the Irish clu, "fame," with Sanscrit cravas. An interesting example of a similar formation occurs in the name of an old territory south of Cnoc Aine, Cliu Mail mine Ugaine. This district took its name from Mai, the son of

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 306

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Knockainy holds a claim older than any in Ireland. The hill, Cnoc Aine, is said to be the site of Ivernis, the prehistoric capital of Munster and the oldest settlement in the country. In the 2nd century, Ptolemy's map marked it as the only city in the south of Ireland. The name Ivernis means land of the rivers, and its people, the Iverni, were the Araid of old Irish, who called their district Ariu, a word that means earth — the same root found in the Hebrew erets, the Latin terra, and the German erde. Aine, the earth-goddess, was the daughter of Manannan, the god of water. The old myth-makers said her rising from the waters told of land emerging from the sea. Aine and Manannan, undernamed Eogabhal, are specially remembered at Lough Gur, where this part of Limerick was once overwhelmed by a flood. The first settlers in the Loch Gair district were Iberians who came from Asia Minor, and from the neolithic remains there, they must have come at a very early period. The three Eochaidhs of Aine were among the noblest and proudest who answered the tryste at Loch Lein. In the ancient Book of Rights, the hero of Cashel is called the hero of Cliach, or the hero of the woods of Ara, for Cliach means woods. Around Cnoc Aine, many de Danann legends cluster. The ages of Emania and Tara are but as yesterday to the age of this city. At Loch Gair there is still a temple where the sun was worshipped for ages, older by far than Stonehenge, and cromlechs where the kings and chiefs of ancient Ariu were interred, as old as those of the land of Moab. The glories of Cnoc Aine had faded shortly before the dawn of history in Ireland. We can just catch a fleeting glimpse of them in Ptolemy and in those grand de Danann myths.

40. Knockeen Caves and Poul Eyon Legend

    Knockeen · townland · Limerick

    The hill of Knockeen contains several caves through which one can penetrate long distances. Local tradition holds that one cave has an outlet at Poul Eyon, about two miles north-east across the Mulkear, and a story tells of a dog thrown into Poul Eyon emerging at Knockeen.

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    There are several caves in Knockeen through which one may penetrate the hill for long distances. The people say that one of these caves has an outlet in a curious looking hole called Poul Eyon, about two miles to the north-east, at the other side of the Mulkear, and not far from Brittas Castle. They tell a story about a dog having been thrown into Poul Eyon and coming out at Knockeen. Poul Eyon is a natural hole in a rock, about thirty feet in depth and fifteen in width. One may notice from the top openings into three caves at the bottom. Poul is the Irish poll, " a hole," and Fyon is, perhaps, the Irish adhan, " a cauldron." It reminds me somewhat of the Pollagcolum, or "pigeon hole," near Cong, count)- Mayo, but of course it is much smaller. The people have no legends in connection with Poll Eyon, nor when I visited Cong could I hear any about Pollagcolum. A somewhat ridiculous story is told by the people in connection with the Knockeen caves. About fifty years ago a man named Ryan Puck(,) was on the run with a price on his head for a terrible murder committed at Knocksentry. Pie was supposed to be hiding near Caherconlish, and late one evening a countryman [Kissing by Knockeen, hearing a noise in one of the caves, concluded that Ryan Puck had concealed himself there. So he immediately went and gave information to the police in Caherconlish. A sergeant and several police constables were immediately despatched to capture Ryan Puck. On arrival at the cave's mouth Ryan Puck was ordered to come forth and surrender. But Ryan Puckmade no reply, and then the sergeant ordered one of his men to enter the cave. The man refused point blank. Ryan was known to be a desperate character, and was well armed, so it was certain death to the first man.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 226

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Knockeen, there are several caves through which one can penetrate the hill for long distances. The people say that one of these caves has an outlet at a curious-looking hole called Poul Eyon, about two miles to the north-east, on the other side of the Mulkear, not far from Brittas Castle. Poul Eyon is a natural hole in the rock, about 30 feet deep and 15 feet wide. From the top, openings into three caves can be seen at the bottom. The name Poul comes from the Irish poll, a hole, and Fyon may be the Irish adhan, a cauldron. They tell a story about a dog thrown into Poul Eyon that came out at Knockeen. The writer notes it reminds him of the Pollagcolum, or pigeon hole, near Cong in County Mayo, though much smaller. The people have no legends attached to Poul Eyon itself. A somewhat ridiculous story is told about these caves. About 50 years ago, a man named Ryan Puck was on the run with a price on his head for a terrible murder committed at Knocksentry. He was supposed to be hiding near Caherconlish. Late one evening a countryman near Knockeen heard a noise in one of the caves and concluded Ryan Puck had concealed himself there. He went and gave information to the police in Caherconlish. A sergeant and several police constables were dispatched to capture him. On arrival at the cave's mouth, Ryan Puck was ordered to come forth and surrender. Ryan Puck made no reply. The sergeant ordered one of his men to enter the cave. The man refused point blank. Ryan was known to be a desperate character, well armed, and it was certain death to the first man.

41. Lott Peere admitted freeman of Youghal and Cork

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1627–1634

    Lott Peere (called 'Lott Pierce' in municipal records) was admitted to the freedom of Youghal in 1627 alongside Sir William St. Leger, and became a freeman of Cork in 1628. He was elected M.P. for Baltimore in 1634 but resigned that December while absent in England.

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    Was secretary to Sir William St. Leger, Lord President of Munster ; admitted to the freedom of Youghal 4th February, 1627, on the same occasion that Sir William was admitted, and is called "Lott Pierce" in the municipal records; freeman of Cork 27th June, 1628. He was elected M.P. for Baltimore on 21st June, 1634, and resigned in the ensuing December, being " absent in England on special occasions," when James Travers {q.v.) was returned in his place.

    He was dead before 23rd October, 1652, when his widow and sons were residing at or near Audley End, in Cambridgeshire.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 86

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal granted its freedom to Lott Peere, secretary to Sir William St. Leger, Lord President of Munster, on 4th February 1627, the same day Sir William was admitted. The municipal records call him "Lott Pierce." He became freeman of Cork on 27th June 1628. He was elected M.P. for Baltimore on 21st June 1634 but resigned that December, being "absent in England on special occasions." James Travers was returned in his place. He was dead before 23rd October 1652, when his widow and sons were at or near Audley End in Cambridgeshire.

42. Lough Corrib: Manannan's flood myth and Orbsen's grave

    Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

    Manannan's name is connected with Lough Corrib on account of a flood that came from the north of the lake where it is very deep and overwhelmed a fertile southern district. Near the south side of the lake, Orbsen's (or Manannan's) grave was placed, though the myth reverses the causal sequence, claiming the lake sprang from Orbsen's grave rather than the flood being the origin.

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    Ugaine, king of Erin, who was slain there ; and from this we see that cliu represents the Latin clades, "slaughter." Mai means "great," and is cognate with Latin mons, "a high hill." Ugaine denotes "begotten" of U or Hu, and this root is the same as Cu, to "beget "or "create." Humore, "great father," was the mythic progenitor of the Firbolgs (the Belgre or "English folk"), and Hu was the mythic chief who led the Cymri from Dafrobane to Wales. Many derivations of Britain are given. I now give one which has occurred to myself. Britain, I think, represents a prehistoric word whose stem is berid, which means "land," and is to be traced to ber, meaning "water." The same root occurs in Berba, one of the names of the mythic Cesar. Dr. Joyce says, " It is now vain to conjecture what the origin of Fodla and Banba (two old names of Ireland) might be." Nil desperandnm. I take Fodla to represent such a form as Fod-erid, and Fod means "knowledge," though here it might mean "knowledge deified.'" The same root occurs in Odin or IVodin, hence our Wednesday. Vodj is the Norse root signifying " to know"; the Irish Jiss, "knowledge,'" belongs to the same root. With regard to Banba, I cognate it with Venus, " the earth rising from the waters." Ba denotes "being" or "quality of existence," and a secondary meaning " to produce." Bodb derg mac in Dagda was the king of the Tuatha de Danand. His name signifies " Red Knowledge, son of the teaching god." Bodb is the northern Odin or IVodin, and was probably introduced into Ireland by very early settlers from the north. In Celtic Romances, Dr. Joyce gives " great good fire" as a probable meaning of Dagda. It is better however to cognate dag with the root of SetKvvui and With regard to the meaning of Danand, this word lias for nominative Danu, perhaps from da, "to move," hence water; also, "to think, judge, etc." So the Danair or Danes were seamen. Manannan is a very interesting name. I take the root to be man, from ma, "to make," which signifies "the thinking faculty." It occurs in " minos," " menelaus," "mentor," etc. Manannan I equate with Manu, the hero of the Indian Flood legend, who threw clarified butter, milk, curds, and whey into the waters which formed the new earth. The reason why Manannan's name is attached to the Isle of Man seems to me to be on account of a flood which broke away the land connection between Ireland and England, and of which connection the the Isle of Man is a relic. The reason why Manannan's name is connected with Loch Corrib is on account of a flood which came from the north of the lake where it is very deep, and overwhelmed a fertile southern district. Near the south side of the lake Orbsen's (or Manannan's) grave was placed. The myth has reversed the course of the waters, for it says it was from Orbsen's grave Loch Orbsen sprang, but this could not be, for Orbsen is to be connected with "salvation from water," and not "destruction by water." Orbsen signifies " old heir," but orb must be traced back to some prehistoric root signifying "to plant, to sow." Orb occurs in the name of Cork barony Orrery, that is, Orbraidhe, "race of Orb"; it may perhaps be allied to the root ar, " to plough," which is found in many languages. Manannan is connected witli Cnoc Aine under the name Eogabhal, which signifies "grasper of knowledge," and he is here on account of a flood which once devastated a large portion of county Limerick, the high hill of Cnoc Aine alone appearing above it, so that rightly Aine is said t" be the daughter of Manannan, as Ida in the Hindu legend is the daughter of Manu. I think there must have been a sudden subsidence ot land owing to the volcanic eruptions at Loch Gair, and then, according to the myth, the waters burst forth from the magic well. The people who argued these changes, these formations of rivers, these burstings forth of lakes, have sent down to us their accounts. Ireland was not inhabited in the volcanic period, for there are no myths which might be referred to volcanoes. Yes, I think these myths, these tales of our grand old race are real.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Corrib carries the name of Manannan, and the reason is a flood. The flood came from the north of the lake, where the water is very deep, and it overwhelmed a fertile district to the south. Near the south side of the lake, they placed the grave of Orbsen, who is Manannan, and from that the myth grew. The myth says the lake sprang from Orbsen's grave, but this reverses what happened. The flood came first. The grave was placed after, near the water that had drowned the land. The writer of this account argues that Orbsen's name connects to salvation from water, not destruction by it, and so the grave cannot be the source. Orbsen means old heir, but the root word orb goes back further, to something meaning to plant or to sow. Manannan himself the writer equates with Manu, the hero of the Indian flood legend, who threw milk and curds and whey into the waters that formed a new earth. The same name attaches to the Isle of Man, because a flood broke away the land that once joined Ireland to England, leaving the island as a remnant. Manannan is connected too with Cnoc Aine in County Limerick under the name Eogabhal, because a flood once covered a large part of that county, leaving only the high hill of Cnoc Aine above the water. So Aine is called the daughter of Manannan, as Ida in the Hindu legend is the daughter of Manu.

43. Lough Gur and the ancient tribes of Small County

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick

    The barony containing Lough Gur, now called Small County, was formerly known as Deis Beag. Its old inhabitants were a Firbolg tribe called the Mairtine, who were later subdued by three septs including the Ui Faircheallaigh.

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    Fragments. — The barony in which Lough Gur lies, now known by the name of Small County, was formerly called Deis Beag. Its old inhabitants were a race of Firbolgs named Mairtine, or Muirtine. These were subdued by three septs, called by O'Heerin the O'Luain, the Ui Duibhrose, and the Ui Faircheallaigh. Dr. O'Donovan says the last name is anglicised O'Farrelly, but that there is not one person of the name to be found in Small County. I do not think that any trace of the occupation of this tribe can now be found in Small County, but near Caherconlish there is a rock, Carrigoreely.C1) and a townland named from it, which preserves the name of the Ui Faircheallaigh. Upon this rock are the ruins of a castle built by the Burkes, and a short distance to the south is the site of a large rath which was dug out about eighty years ago. The people have a story that a small stone figure of a man, with a sword at his side, was then found, but that it vanished most mysteriously the night after its discovery. Mention of Lough Gur is made in the account of the wars of Diarmaid Mac Maoilnambo, king of Leinster, and Toirdhealbhach Mac Briain, with Donnchadh Mac Briain. Toirdhealbhach was grandson of Brian Boroimhe, and foster-son of Diarmaid. He was the rightful sovereign of Munster on the death of his father, Tadhg, who had been assassinated by his brother, Donnchadh, in 1023. When Toirdhealbhach grew up, he and his foster-father waged incessant war on Donnchadh. They destroyed the

    (>) Carrigoreely represents the Irish Cdjl|t4?3 U) Tojnce4lU?5.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Gur sits in a barony that people now call Small County, though its old name was Deis Beag. The people who lived here long ago were a Firbolg tribe called the Mairtine, or Muirtine. Three septs subdued them. O'Heerin names them as the O'Luain, the Ui Duibhrose, and the Ui Faircheallaigh. Dr. O'Donovan says that last name is anglicised O'Farrelly, but there is not one person of that name to be found in Small County today. No trace of the tribe's occupation can be found in Small County now, but near Caherconlish there is a rock called Carrigoreely and a townland named from it, which preserves the name of the Ui Faircheallaigh. On that rock are the ruins of a castle built by the Burkes. A short distance to the south is the site of a large rath, dug out about 80 years ago. The people have a story that a small stone figure of a man, with a sword at his side, was found then, but it vanished the night after its discovery. Lough Gur appears in the account of the wars of Diarmaid Mac Maoilnambo, king of Leinster, and Toirdhealbhach Mac Briain, against Donnchadh Mac Briain. Toirdhealbhach was grandson of Brian Boroimhe and foster-son of Diarmaid. He was the rightful sovereign of Munster on the death of his father, Tadhg, who had been assassinated by his brother Donnchadh in 1023. When Toirdhealbhach grew up, he and his foster-father waged incessant war on Donnchadh. They destroyed the

44. Macroom force threatened English positions in Cork and Mallow

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1558–1603

    A military force stationed at Macroom was within easy striking distance of Cork, Mallow, and Castlemaine. This geographic advantage allowed the MacCarthys to successfully resist the constant attacks of the Geraldines.

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    The relative positions of the two countries will go far to explain why the MacCarthys, in spite of their division into several branches often more hostile to one another than to the common enemy, resisted successfully the constant attacks of the Geraldincs. Their territories formed a compact mass projecting into the country of their enemies, and were besides of great natural strength. The straggling form of the Geraldinc kinds made it impossible for the Earls of Desmond to concentrate their forces on one point without leaving their frontier exposed to an enemy with a much shorter distance to traverse. A force at Macroom was at easy striking distance of Cork, or Mallow, or Castlemaine, while if the Fitzgeralds had assembled their fighting men near Cork it would be impossible to move them to protect their Kerry lands, except by a dash through the heart of the hostile country. And so we find that the Irish elans, who, according to some writers of Elizabeth's time, had been in the thirteenth century confined to a small district in West Cork and South Kerry, were gradually extending their boundaries during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Macroom Castle, for instance, said to have been an English outpost in the reign of John, was in Elizabeth's time looked on as almost inaccessible to an English army.

    364 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 211

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through or near Macroom, a town whose military importance was about position. The MacCarthys held territory here that formed a compact mass pushing into the lands of their enemies, the Geraldines. The Geraldine lands sprawled, and that was their weakness. The Earls of Desmond could not gather their fighting men in one place without leaving their frontier open to an enemy who had a much shorter distance to cover. A force stationed at Macroom was within easy striking distance of Cork, Mallow, or Castlemaine. If the Fitzgeralds had assembled their men near Cork, they could not have moved them to protect their Kerry lands except by a dash through the heart of hostile country. The MacCarthys were divided into several branches, often more hostile to one another than to the common enemy, yet they resisted the constant attacks of the Geraldines successfully. Their lands were of great natural strength. Writers of Elizabeth's time noted that Irish clans once confined to a small district in West Cork and South Kerry in the thirteenth century had been gradually extending their boundaries during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Macroom Castle itself, said to have been an English outpost in the reign of John, was in Elizabeth's time looked on as almost inaccessible to an English army.

45. McCarthy's horse casts a shoe at Ball's Bridge

    near Ballsbridge · townland · Dublin

    During a journey to Dublin, McCarthy, the owner of Kanturk Castle, reached Ball's Bridge where one of his horses lost a shoe. He ordered a local blacksmith who had a forge at that location to assist him.

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    McCarthy consequently paid little attention to this prediction, and he continued his usual mode of life, until one day he resolved to go to Dublin. On reaching Ball's Bridge, outside the city, one of his horses having cast a shoe, a smith who had his forge at that place was ordered

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, McCarthy, the owner of Kanturk Castle, was on his way to Dublin. He had paid little attention to a prediction and continued his usual life, until one day he resolved to go. On reaching Ball's Bridge, outside the city, one of his horses cast a shoe. A smith who had his forge at that place was ordered to help.

46. Muskerry Cavalry yeomanry corps in 1798 rebellion duties

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1798

    The Muskerry Cavalry corps performed military and police duties during the 1798 rebellion, bringing persons charged with administering unlawful oaths from Blarney to Cork. Their cordial relations with Brigade-Major Harris are recorded in an address of thanks and his reply.

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    houses, and called on all to deilver up their arms ; and on the 8th June General Myers, having occupied with troops all the exits from the city, caused a search to be made from house to house for arms, but did not find many concealed. Soon after came the news of the defeat of the rebels at Vinegar Hill ; and seven Roman Catholic bishops of Munster sent an address to their clergy calling for their " utmost endeavours against this baneful contagion." The yeomanry were not idle in the country ; the Muskerry corps brought from Blarney, and the Bandon corps from Bantry, persons charged with administering unlawful oaths and other treasons. On the 29th June, Government issued a proclamation offering pardon to all rebels in arms who should surrender within fourteen days. At Skibbereen eleven privates of the YYestmeath Militia were arrested and escorted to Cork by yeomanry, where they were afterwards tried on the charge of being United Irishmen, and conspiring to murder their officers and join the country people to pillage and burn Skibbereen. Some comrades turned informers, and all but two were found guilty ; four were shot, four were ordered to serve abroad, and one received a thousand lashes. Fights still continued at various places between the troops and detached bodies of the rebels, but the rebellion had now practically been suppressed. In July Lord Cornwallis became lord lieutenant, and received an address from Roman Catholic gentlemen among others, offering their best exertions to stay the insurrection. Signs of returning tranquillity became more manifest, state trials for past offences being the only reminders, till the quiet was disturbed in August by the sudden landing of a small French force at Killala bay, but they shortly surrendered to a force under Lord Cornwallis after a battle at a place called Ballinamuck (Pigs-town). The forces of the Crown at this time in Ireland were — Ten regiments of cavalry, fifteen of foot, twelve "1 fencible cavalry, and thirty of fenciblc infantry, two of English, ami thirty-seven of Irish militia, besides nearly two hundred corps of volunteers, cavalry and infantry. On the 6th October the royal assent was given to an Act for a free pardon, on conditions, to the misguided men who had engaged in a profitless rebellion.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 123

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the Muskerry Cavalry were at work in the summer of 1798. This yeomanry corps rode out through the country while rebellion gripped Ireland, and their job was both military and police. They brought persons from Blarney charged with administering unlawful oaths and other treasons, and carried them to Cork. The Bandon corps did the same from Bantry. These were dangerous duties. The country was unsettled, arms were being hidden, and the Crown forces were searching house to house. The wider picture was grim. News came of the rebels defeated at Vinegar Hill. Seven Roman Catholic bishops of Munster sent an address to their clergy calling for their utmost endeavours against what they called this baneful contagion. On the 29th of June, Government issued a proclamation offering pardon to all rebels in arms who should surrender within 14 days. At Skibbereen, eleven privates of the Westmeath Militia were arrested and escorted to Cork by yeomanry. They were tried as United Irishmen, accused of conspiring to murder their officers and join the country people to pillage and burn Skibbereen. Some comrades turned informers. All but two were found guilty. Four were shot, four were ordered to serve abroad, and one received a thousand lashes. By July, Lord Cornwallis had become lord lieutenant. Fights still continued between troops and detached bodies of rebels, but the rebellion had practically been suppressed. State trials for past offences were the only reminders of trouble, until August brought the sudden landing of a small French force at Killala Bay. They shortly surrendered to a force under Lord Cornwallis after a battle at Ballinamuck. On the 6th of October, the royal assent was given to an Act for a free pardon, on conditions, to the men who had engaged in the rebellion.

47. Samuel Townesend of Whitehall on Roaring Water Bay

    Whitehall · townland · Cork · 1689–1759

    Samuel Townesend of Whitehall, on Roaring Water Bay, was the fifth son of Bryan Townesend of Castletownsend. He travelled in Italy and on his return built an Italian-style staircase in his house at Whitehall. Born around 1689-1692, he served as high sheriff in 1742 and died in 1759.

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    Mr. Samuel Townesend of Whitehall, on Roaring Water Bay, fifth son of Bryan Townesend of Castletownsend. He travelled in Italy, and on his return built a staircase in the Italian style in his house at Whitehall. A miniature painted in Italy shows he must have been a singularly handsome man, with large blue eyes, and short, proud upper lip. He seems to have been a man of high principles and cultivated tastes. He was born in 1689 or 1692, high sheriff 1742, died 1759, married Dorothea, daughter of Sir E. Mansell.

    Mr. Philip Townesend of Derry, Rosscarbery, eighth son of Bryan Townesend. He was a captain in General O'Farrell's regiment, the 22nd, during the wars with France in America. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hungerford, of the Island. His letters from America to his family are printed in An Officer of the Long Parliament, pp. 242-53.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Whitehall, on Roaring Water Bay, where Samuel Townesend lived. He was the fifth son of Bryan Townesend of Castletownsend. He travelled in Italy, and when he came home he built a staircase in the Italian style in his house at Whitehall. A miniature painted in Italy shows he was, in the source's words, "a singularly handsome man," with large blue eyes and a short, proud upper lip. He seems to have been a man of high principles and cultivated tastes. He was born in 1689 or 1692, served as high sheriff in 1742, and died in 1759. He married Dorothea, daughter of Sir E. Mansell.

48. Silver-gilt chalices from Shandon Abbey

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1610–1741

    Silver-gilt chalices dating from 1610 onwards were exhibited at the Cork conversazione, drawn from the collection of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. Among the consecrated vessels were chalices from the Abbey of Shandon.

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    The display of exhibits was of an extensive and comprehensive character, and illustrated to a large degree the scope and resources of the joint societies associated with the conversazione. Both the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club were represented by many exhibitors, whose specimens drawn from nature and art, were antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., without whom no exhibitions of the class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 17S2 and 1796, and many other curiosities. He was only represented by a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson, of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java ; gold medal for Salamanca ; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign of 1S01, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, which is in a wonderful of preservation. There were also to be seen in Mr. Day's collection a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. A rare exhibit were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silvergilt, date 1614; chalices, silver-gilt, dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, 1741, etc., from the

    184 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    Shandon, near Cork, was once home to an abbey whose consecrated vessels endured long after the religious houses were gone. At a Cork conversazione, the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club put on an extensive display of specimens drawn from nature and art, things antique, rare, or costly. Among the rarest exhibits were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These consecrated vessels were enclosed in a glass case, and some were of almost priceless value. They included a silver-gilt ciborium dated 1614, and silver-gilt chalices dated 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, and 1741. Some of these chalices came from the Abbey of Shandon. Mr. Robert Day, without whom no exhibition of this class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 1796, and many other curiosities. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among them were a C.B. gold star, and a cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java, a gold medal for Salamanca, and a gold medal for the Egyptian campaign, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, in wonderful preservation. His collection also included a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments.

49. Sir William Sarsfield fined as mayor of Cork for refusing reformed service

    Cork · city · Cork · 1606

    Sir William Sarsfield, mayor of Cork in 1606, was fined £100 by the Lord President for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches. He was later knighted in 1617 by Lord Deputy Oliver St. John.

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    Son of foregoing. Was mayor of Cork 1606, when he was fined /^ioo by the Lord President for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches; knighted 30th November, 1617, by Lord Deputy Oliver St. John. {See under Dominick Coppinger for agreement " forgiving" his fees and stipend as member.)

    (Caultield points out that this Sir William Sarsfield was dead in 1633, and therefore could not have been M.P. in 1634; and he suggests that the Sir William who was then member for the city was the eldest son of Lord Kilmallock, who may have been a tenant of Sarsfield's Court at the time. It is more likely that the year 1634 given in the Liber Munerorum is incorrect).

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 161

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this city holds the story of Sir William Sarsfield, its mayor in 1606. He was fined £100 by the Lord President for refusing to attend Divine Service in the Reformed churches. He was later knighted on the 30th of November, 1617, by Lord Deputy Oliver St. John.

50. Skehard burial mound with skeleton in standing posture

    Skehard · population centre · Cork

    A large carn or burial mound in Skehard townland, near Caherconlish rectory, originally had about half a dozen surrounding stones. Fifty years ago, when an attempt was made to dig it out for top-dressing, the skeleton of a man was found buried in a standing posture, which put a stop to the digging.

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    shows that there was one, Cnocatancashlane, that is, Cnoc-a-tseanchaislean, " the hill of the old castle." About a mile to the west of Cnocatana Castle is the castle which the people now call Carrigoreilly Castle, but which I have already pointed out in the Journal is Carrigofarrelly, " the rock of the O'Farrelly," with whom I have already dealt. A large portion of this castle is left ; it is a small square structure. A very good view of this part of the country may be had from the summit. There is some tradition in the district of the castle having been taken by storm, and the last Burke owner being slain. About forty years ago a large human skull was found by some men when sinking a drain near the castle. Lewis, following Fitzgerald, says that this castle was last inhabited by the O'Dalys. These O'Dalys were simply small farmers, who held the land on which the castle is built. Fitzgerald's mode of imparting this information is apt to be misleading. I have already pointed out that there is the site of a large earthen fort a short distance to the south of this castle. It is not very often we can get the name of the people who lived in these raths ; but with regard to this one, I think there can be no mistake, for the name of the rock on which the Burkes built their castle points out that it was the O'Farrelly. When this fort was dug out, the field in which it lies, and the site of the fort, were planted with potatoes ; but the people say not a single potato grew on the site of the fort, and that certain misfortunes happened to the men who dug out the fort. The little stream which runs to the east of the castle is known as Sruhane-na-Gcearc, " the stream of the moor-hen." The cearc has long deserted the stream, and the name itself I had some trouble in obtaining. About a mile and a half to the south-west of this castle, and in the townland of Greenane, that is " sunny place," there was another castle on the top of a hill, called Greenane Castle. Only one or two stones of this castle are now left, the rest having been taken away within this century to build houses in the neighbourhood. This castle, Fitzgerald says, was last inhabited by the O'Xunans, but the same remark will apply which I have made with reference to the O'Dalys. A little north of this, and in the townland of Skehard, there is a fort, around which the whitethorns still linger. East of this, not far from Caherconlish rectory, and in Skehard townland, there is a large earn or burial mound ; about half a dozen of the stones which originally surrounded it are left. Fifty years ago, when an attempt was made to dig out this earn for top-dressing, the skeleton of a man was found buried in(4) standing posture. This was quite enough to put a stop to

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 257

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Skehard, there is a burial mound that once held a secret. The mound is a large carn, east of a fort in Skehard townland whose whitethorns still cling to its banks, and not far from Caherconlish rectory. About half a dozen of the stones that originally surrounded the carn are still left. Fifty years before the writer's account, someone tried to dig out the carn for top-dressing. When they did, they found the skeleton of a man, buried standing upright. That was enough to stop the digging. The country around Skehard carries other traces. The name of the rock the Burkes built their castle on, about a mile west, marks it as the rock of the O'Farrelly. A large portion of that castle, a small square structure, still stands. There is a tradition the castle was taken by storm and the last Burke owner slain. About 40 years ago, men sinking a drain near the castle found a large human skull. South of the castle lies the site of a large earthen fort. When that fort was dug out, the field was planted with potatoes, but the people say not a single potato grew on the site, and certain misfortunes came to the men who had dug it. A little stream running east of the castle is called Sruhane-na-Gcearc, the stream of the moor-hen, though the bird has long left it. A mile and a half southwest, in the townland of Greenane, meaning sunny place, another castle stood on a hill. Only one or two stones remain; the rest were taken away this century to build houses nearby. Fitzgerald says Greenane Castle was last inhabited by the O'Nunans, though those families were small farmers who held the land. But it is the carn at Skehard that holds. A man buried upright in a mound of stone, found by accident, and left undisturbed ever since.

51. Souterrain at Deelish and the Firbolg tradition

    Deelish · townland · Cork

    A souterrain at Deelish was described by Smith as having been plaistered and lined with soot, indicating fires had been made inside. Smith accepted the tradition that these caves were the abodes of the Firbolgs, or cave-dwellers, though others argued they were hiding places or granaries.

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    plaistered, and the whole lined with soot, so that fires had been made in them." Smith appears to have accepted the tradition that these caves were the abodes of the Firbolgs, or cave-dwellers. Opinions on this point seem, however, to be divided, some maintaining that they were used as hiding-places in times- of danger, and others that they were storehouses or granaries.

    Tacitus in his Germania^ describes similar structures thus : — " They also dig subterranean caves, and cover them over with a great quantity of dung. These they use as winter retreats and granaries, for the severity 6f the cold is mitigated in them ; and upon an invasion, when the open country is plundered, these recesses remain undiscovered, either because the enemy is ignorant of them, or because he will not trouble himself with the search."(4) I quote from the translation of John Aikin (1823), who refers in a note to similar caverns used by the Sarmations as winter refuges. In Hungary, at the present day, it is common to store corn in subterranean passages.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 99

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here at Deelish there is an underground passage, a souterrain, that Smith described as plaistered and lined with soot. The soot showed that fires had been made inside. Smith accepted the old tradition that these caves were the abodes of the Firbolgs, the cave-dwellers. But opinions were divided. Some held that souterrains were hiding-places used in times of danger. Others said they were storehouses or granaries. The same question was asked of similar structures far from Ireland. Tacitus, in his Germania, described people who dig subterranean caves and cover them over with a great quantity of dung. They use them as winter retreats and granaries, because the cold is less severe inside. And when an enemy invades and the open country is plundered, these recesses remain undiscovered, either because the enemy does not know of them or will not trouble himself to search. In Hungary, corn is still stored in underground passages.

52. Souterrains examined near Carrigtwohill

    Carrigtohill · town · Cork

    Underground chambers near Carrigtwohill were examined by Mr. Croker and Mr. Newenham, forming the type-site against which other souterrains in the Fermoy area were compared. They were described as clay-hollowed chambers with low passages connecting them.

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    Since writing my last letter I have been exploring underground chambers by the dozen, and find them to my surprise much more frequent than ever we had imagined. My first dive was into one set on the lands of Ballyhendon,^ within two miles of Fermoy, precisely similar in formation to those we examined near Carrigtwohill. On coming out I gave my guide a couple of shillings, which so pleased his numerous friends that they flocked around me, each offering to lead me to others. I chose a few of the most intelligent, and followed them. In the course of an hour I visited five sets within a circuit of two miles. Those on Mr. Joyce's farm, as well as a set at Kilcrumpher, differ from the others in being lined with stone. We had candles and spades, so that every corner was explored, but no discovery was made except decayed bones, apparently of the ox, and charcoal. In the inner chamber of those on Mr. Joyce's farm I perceived a small square aperture as if to admit air, it did not rise perpendicularly, but sloped upwards at an angle of about seventy degrees. A fourth excavation, near the third at Kilcrumpher, consisted of long galleries only. . . . None of these were connected with ancient entrenchments or forts, though there were several in the immediate neighbourhood, and the remains of two cromlechs. . Some of these had been discovered forty years ago, others recently and accidentally. The country people say that they discover new chambers every year, all of the same shape and size. . . . Finding the accounts given me of those I had visited so correct, and having ascertained that these chambers were all so nearly alike and that nothing was to be found in them, I did not visit more.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 244

    As the companion tells it

    Carrigtohill is a place the road passes through, and it was near here that underground chambers were examined by Mr. Croker and Mr. Newenham. These were clay-hollowed chambers with low passages connecting them, and they became the type against which other souterrains in the Fermoy area were compared. Mr. Croker went on to explore many more. His first was on the lands of Ballyhendon, within 2 miles of Fermoy, precisely similar in formation to those near Carrigtohill. He gave his guide a couple of shillings, which so pleased the man's numerous friends that they flocked around him, each offering to lead him to others. He chose a few of the most intelligent and followed them. In the course of an hour he visited 5 sets within a circuit of 2 miles. Those on Mr. Joyce's farm, as well as a set at Kilcrumpher, differed from the others in being lined with stone. They had candles and spades, so that every corner was explored, but no discovery was made except decayed bones, apparently of the ox, and charcoal. In the inner chamber of those on Mr. Joyce's farm, Croker perceived a small square aperture as if to admit air. It did not rise perpendicularly but sloped upwards at an angle of about 70 degrees. A fourth excavation, near the third at Kilcrumpher, consisted of long galleries only. None of these were connected with ancient entrenchments or forts, though there were several in the immediate neighbourhood, and the remains of two cromlechs. Some of these had been discovered 40 years ago, others recently and accidentally. The country people say they discover new chambers every year, all of the same shape and size. Finding the accounts given him so correct, and having ascertained that these chambers were all so nearly alike and that nothing was to be found in them, he did not visit more.

53. St. Bernard's Well pilgrimages at Wallstown

    Wallstown · townland · Cork

    St. Bernard's Well, the holy well of Wallstown, lay a few yards from Johnny Roche's castle. Pilgrims suffering from various ailments resorted there from time immemorial, decorating the overhanging bushes with coloured ribbons as was customary at holy wells.

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    In many of Johnny's works there is evidence of the attentive study he bestowed on his personal convenience ; for instance, we find an old well in the ground floor of the castle which he used for domestic and trade purposes. This well was supplied by means of an underground drain with a stream of water that flows from a rocky slope about twelve feet from the castle, and the surplus water was conveyed off in a sewer, portion of which may still be seen. A few yards from this latter fountain is the holy well of Wallstown, St. Bernard's Well. Pilgrims affected with various ailments have been known to resort thither from time immemorial, and, as is the prevailing practice at such places, have decorated the bushes overhanging the well with a variety of differently-hued ribbons, which gaudy display affords the visitor an index to the reputed sanctity of the waters beneath. At early morn Johnny would often behold beneath his window a motley congregation assembled round the well, and half annoyed at their constant presence, or dreading their pillaging, was wont to exclain in an audible tone, wherein familiarity breathed somewhat of contempt, " It won't leave a vagabond in the country but it will draw round my place ! "

    Poverty in his case was unquestionably the reward of genius. The mill was his only practical source of a scanty livelihood, and while it accomplished little more than keeping soul and body together he was contented and gay, and apparently considered wealth and his own welfare as matters only of minor importance.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is St. Bernard's Well, the holy well of Wallstown. It lay a few yards from Johnny Roche's castle. Johnny had built a practical well into the ground floor of his castle, fed by an underground drain from a rocky slope about twelve feet away, with surplus water carried off through a sewer. A few yards from that fountain stood the holy well, and pilgrims suffering from various ailments had been coming there from time immemorial. As was the practice at such wells, they decorated the overhanging bushes with ribbons of many colours, a display that told the visitor something of the sanctity the waters were believed to hold. At early morning Johnny would often look from his window and see a motley congregation gathered round the well. Half annoyed at their constant presence, or fearing their pillaging, he would exclaim aloud, with a familiarity that carried some contempt: "It won't leave a vagabond in the country but it will draw round my place!" Poverty, in his case, was the reward of genius. His mill was his only practical source of a scanty livelihood, yet he was contented and gay, and seemed to regard wealth and his own welfare as matters of only minor importance.

54. Synans burial slab discovered at Kilbolane church

    Kilbolane · townland · Cork · 1829

    In 1829, workmen digging foundations for the Protestant parish church of Kilbolane uncovered a brown sandstone slab bearing the inscription 'The Burial place of the Synans' and the date 1442. The rector, Rev. Jonathan Bruce, had the slab inserted into the western wall of the church, where a broken tombstone with heraldic bearings also lay nearby.

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    When digging for the foundations of the present Protestant) parish church of Kilbolanc, in 1S29, the workmen came across a small slab or

    (') This lecture, which was "delivered in the Divinity School, Trinity College, Dublin," appeared in the Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette for May 15th, 22nd, and 29th. From its enlightened liberality and breadth of tone, as well as its grace of style, it can be studied with as much pleasure and profit by any educated Catholic as by those for whom it was more immediately intended. The race of Petrie, Reeves, Graves, and Wakeman is not happily extinct.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 303

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Kilbolane, workmen digging the foundations of the Protestant parish church in 1829 came across a small brown sandstone slab. It bore an inscription reading "The Burial place of the Synans" and the date 1442. The rector, Reverend Jonathan Bruce, had the slab set into the western wall of the new church. A broken tombstone with heraldic bearings lay nearby as well. So a burial marker from over five hundred years ago ended up built into the wall of a church raised in 1829, the Synans' name preserved in stone through that act.

55. The 'black stairs' of Blarney Castle's original peel

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    The original newel stair of the peel at Blarney Castle survives inside the newer structure, accessed via steps quarried through the wall. It is locally known as 'the black stairs' and leads down to the site of the peel's original entrance door.

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    Viewing the great tower from the north as one approaches it from the railway station, a perpendicular slit appears running down the centre of the northern face of the castle from just below the parapet to just above the window of the earl's bedroom. The blocks forming the west side of this slit are plainly coigne stones, and they make and mark the north-east angle of the original tower. The peel never flanked the north side of the addition as it does the west side of it. This is proved by an examination of the newer work (five-sixths of the whole pile) which, with the exception of the spur at the south-east angle and a few minor internal details, is palpably all of one date. The reason the slit does not run either above or below the points indicated is — first, that the present parapet of the peel was built when the watch turret on its north-east pinnacle was altered to suit the height of the newer pile, and that consequently the whole of the parapet along the higher part of the northern face of the keep is of one date ; and second, that the wall of the original baily (or courtyard), which was built at the same time as the peel, was incorporated with the lower part of the mass of the newer pile at the north side over the cliff. It is probable that weathering has had much to do with the slit being so distinctly visible, for it does not appear inside the castle. Approaching the castle from the east, when one enters the keep and goes a short way up the large newel stair (which is placed in the north-east angle of the newer work) and along the passage which leads from it towards the earl's bedroom, on coming to the six steps (opening to the right of the passage) a glance upwards discloses the fact that this staircase has been quarried through the wall. The uppermost of these half a dozen steps opens on the original newel stair of the peel, and a few steps down lands one at the bottom of this stair, locally called " the black stairs." Standing with the back to the window (which is modern), to the left is seen the place where the original entrance door of the peel was, its sill being about ten feet above the level of the ground ; and, I think, there are indications of an opening in the ceiling, and that here was a " murdering-hole," similar to the one still to be seen immediately inside the entrance door of the main building. The lower part of the peel is solid, in which particular it differs from the addition, which is hollow down to the rock on which it stands. Opposite the site of this entrance is a jamb of the original door into what eventually became the earl's bedroom, but which at first was probably the guardroom. This doorway was built up to give wall space for the head of the bed, and the little passage which leads to the present door in the division wall was scooped out of the main wall (at this part very thick)

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 199

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, inside Blarney Castle, the original newel stair of the peel survives, known locally as the black stairs. The peel is the older tower. The newer pile, which makes up five-sixths of the whole structure, was built around it. From the north, a perpendicular slit runs down the face of the castle, marking the north-east angle of the original tower. The slit does not appear inside the castle, and weathering has probably made it visible. To reach the black stairs, you go up the large newel stair in the north-east angle of the newer work, along the passage towards the earl's bedroom, and come to six steps opening to the right. Those steps were quarried through the wall. The uppermost of them opens onto the original newel stair of the peel. A few steps down lands you at the bottom of this stair, locally called the black stairs. Standing with your back to a modern window, to the left is the place where the original entrance door of the peel was. Its sill sits about ten feet above ground level. There are indications of an opening in the ceiling, and here was likely a murdering-hole, similar to one still visible inside the entrance door of the main building. The lower part of the peel is solid, unlike the addition, which is hollow down to the rock it stands on. Opposite the site of the entrance is a jamb of the original door into what became the earl's bedroom, but which was probably the guardroom at first. That doorway was built up to give wall space for the head of the bed, and a little passage leading to the present door was scooped out of the thick main wall.

56. Thirty-seven seasons hunting hounds at Clonmult

    Clonmult · townland · Cork

    Daniel Callaghan entered the service of Mr. Power of Clonmult and hunted his pack for thirty-seven seasons, the longest tenure of his career. He later returned to reside near Clonmult, where he died in 1874.

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    master was Mr. Hedges Eyre, of Macroom Castle, whose hounds he hunted for nine seasons, before he entered the service ol Mr. Power, of Clonmult, whose pack he hunted for thirty-seven seasons. He filled a similar post for four years to Mr. Boles, of Springfield, and for fifteen years lie lived with his last master, Mr. Thomas K of Shanagarry. He acted as huntsman to Mr. Keane for some years, and up to the age of 100 rode and trained horses for him, after which he went to reside near Clonmult, where he died in 1874, aged m years. In 1S6S her Majesty the Queen was graciously pleased to accept his photograph, and sent him a gratuity of ^5. Poor Dan! he was a first-rate horseman and won several steeplechases. There was no

    2%6

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 138

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Dan hunted hounds for Mr. Power of Clonmult for thirty-seven seasons, the longest tenure of his career. Before that, he hunted nine seasons for Mr. Hedges Eyre of Macroom Castle. After Clonmult he served Mr. Boles of Springfield for four years, then lived fifteen years with Mr. Thomas K of Shanagarry. He acted as huntsman to Mr. Keane, and up to the age of 100 rode and trained horses for him. He then went to reside near Clonmult, where he died in 1874. The Queen accepted his photograph and sent him a gratuity of 5. The record calls him a first-rate horseman who won several steeplechases, and says simply, "Poor Dan."

57. Tradition of buried gold at Kilcullen graveyard

    Kilcullen · electoral division · Cork

    An old man pointed out the site of a graveyard at Kilcullen, noting that its stones had been removed for fencing years ago. A local tradition holds that expelled monks from Lodan Abbey buried a cartload of gold near this graveyard, prompting searches for the treasure.

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    which must have been brought from some distance ; it is a very hard limestone, and of a kind not found in the district. The people say that the present High Park House occupies the site of one of the Burke castles, and that the red gate was the entrance to it. About a mile north-west of Knockphleimon, a high hill may be noticed. The rocks of which it is composed are very much split and cracked by volcanic action. This hill has no name. It is referred to in the " Indenture of Perambulation, made on 31st August, 1609, between Donat, Earl of Thomond, Bernard, Lord Bishop of Limerick, Sir Francis Barkley, knight, and Sir Thomas Browne, knight, on the one part ; and the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Citizens of Limerick, on the other part," for marking out the boundaries of the county of the city of Limerick by great stones, or other notable signs. In this document this hill is called " the hill south-east of Carrigparson," so that nearly three hundred years ago the hill would seem to have been also nameless. A very short distance to the north-west of this hill is Carrigparson, " the parson's rock," from which the parish takes its name. Lewis says another name for this parish is Willestown, but this name is not used in the district. I have already conjectured that Ballynelye, the name of a parish given in the " Livery of Seisin of the possessions of Peter Walshe of Owney," may be the old name of this parish. Ballynelye I take to mean the town or place of the aileach or stone fort. There is no parish of this name now in Caherconlish district. The people sometimes call Carrigparson Castle hill, which shows that there must have been a castle on or near the rock, though no trace of it is now left. An old man told me he heard a tradition that Pierce Burke was the name of the last occupier, and that the castle lay a little north of the rock. There was a small glebe of five acres a short distance to the west. I could find no tradition of a glebe house, but it was probably from the parson who lived here that the rock came to get its pretty name. The date given in the Walsh document is 1592 ; that of the " Indenture of Perambulation" is 1609. A little distance north-east of the rock is the old graveyard, in which are some remains of the old church. Near the graveyard is portion of a very old road, which formerly ran from Carrigofarrelly Castle, passing close to High Park House and through Carrigparson and Cooleyhenan on to Limerick. Lying between Knockphleimon and the village of Ballyneety is the parish of Kilcullen, " the church of the holly trees." There is no trace now left of the old graveyard of Kilcullen, but an old man pointed out the site of it to me ; the last of the stones, he told me, were removed from it for fencing purposes very many years ago. There is a tradition that when the monks were expelled from Lodan Abbey they buried a cartload of gold near this graveyard, and my informant said he went to seek for this gold some

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near Kilcullen, a parish whose name means "the church of the holly trees." It lies between Knockphleimon and the village of Ballyneety. Today there is no trace left of the old graveyard of Kilcullen. An old man pointed out the site to the writer of this record. He told how the last of the stones were removed from the graveyard for fencing purposes, very many years ago. Nothing remains above ground to mark where the dead were laid. There is a tradition in this place about gold. When the monks were expelled from Lodan Abbey, the story goes, they buried a cartload of gold near this graveyard. The old man who showed the site said he himself went to seek for this gold. The record breaks off at that point, and does not tell what came of his search. So what remains is a name and a story. The parish keeps its name from the holly trees. The graveyard keeps its tradition of buried gold, left by monks driven from Lodan Abbey. The stones are long gone, carried off for fencing. The gold, if it was ever truly there, has never been spoken of as found. The site itself is known only because one old man remembered where it had been, and passed that memory on.

58. Turf basket regulation in Clonakilty

    Clonakilty · town · Cork

    The Grand Jury found that selling turf in small baskets was a grievance to inhabitants of Clonakilty, as buyers could not know the quantity. Sellers were ordered to bring turf in the statute kish, and any basket containing less than half a statute kish was to be burned by the sergeants-at-mace.

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    The Grand Jury, among other duties, had to arrange the market prices of grain. In 1775 they presented that " the middle priced wheat in said town and borrough is sold at forty shillings Irish the quarter, oats at eight shillings the quarter, and barley at ten shillings the quarter of like money." At another time it was presented that a great grievance was done to the inhabitants of the town by the " vending turf in small baskets," so that the buyers were ignorant of the quantity contained in each, and in future the sellers should bring turf in the statute kish, and every basket not containing half a statute kish should be burned by the sergeants-at-mace.

    An entry in 1761 tells that Lieutenant Maximilian Favier, of the Royal Scots, took the oaths and subscribed the declaration appointed by law. But it is not noted whether the oaths were those of a burgess. But the greater number of the entries are summons for assaults. Serious crimes were rare, and although the assaults are described in the most alarming language, " did beat, batter, bloodshed and inhumanly strike," no serious results seem to have followed. In 1765 two men were bound in £100 each to appear at the next and each assize to be held in Cork for the space of one year, in case, a certain " Derby Donovan shall dye within twelve kalander months of assault and wounds he received from the said Virgil Johns, Henry Johns, and others." But Derby Donovan, far from dying, lived to fight another day, and not long after was summoned, "for that he did assault, strike, and knock down, Edward White, of Ardford"; and further, when arrested, instead of going peaceably with the constable, his friends rescued him, and there seems to have been a grand general row.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 189

    As the companion tells it

    Clonakilty was a market town where the Grand Jury oversaw trade and set things in order. In 1775 the Jury fixed the prices of grain. Middle priced wheat was sold at forty shillings Irish the quarter, oats at eight shillings the quarter, and barley at ten shillings the quarter. But the Jury also heard complaints from the townspeople about how turf was sold. Sellers were vending turf in small baskets, and the buyers had no way of knowing the quantity contained in each. The Grand Jury called this a great grievance done to the inhabitants of the town. They ordered that in future the sellers should bring turf in the statute kish. The statute kish was a standard measure, so that a buyer could see what they were getting. And the penalty was severe. Every basket not containing half a statute kish was to be burned by the sergeants-at-mace. So if a seller turned up with a basket that fell short, the sergeants took it and set it alight. The rule was meant to stop the short measure that had been cheating the people of Clonakilty. The same records tell of other matters in the town. Most of the entries were summons for assaults, described in alarming language, where men did beat, batter, bloodshed and inhumanly strike one another. In 1765 two men were bound in 100 pounds each to appear at the assizes for one year, in case a man named Derby Donovan should die within twelve calendar months of wounds he received. But Derby Donovan, far from dying, lived to fight another day, and not long after was summoned for assaulting Edward White of Ardford.

59. Volunteer medal possibly linked to Limerick Volunteers

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1784

    A unique Irish Volunteer medal dated 1784 bears the motto 'A Parliamentary reform or else.' Its similarity in shape to the medal of the Limerick Volunteers suggests it may have belonged to a member of that city's or neighbourhood's Volunteer corps.

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    The threat conveyed in the legend upon this medal is similar to that used by a Dublin regiment who labelled their gun " Free trade or this." This medal adds another unique illustration to one of the most interesting and momentous periods ot Irish history. Its similarity in shape to the medal of the Limerick Volunteers is suggestive, and might possibly point to its original ownership by some member of the Volunteers of that city or neighbourhood. On the other hand the character of its art work has more the appearance of having been made in either Belfast, Cork or Dublin ; and the ring of its motto, as if it came from the former city where the Volunteer pulse beat quicker than perhaps in any other part of the country. Who " T. S." was is so far a riddle which must remain to be solved. It is disappointing that the name in full is not on the medal or that of the troop or corps to which it belonged, but otherwise it reminds us of reforms that were required, demanded, and refused, and of the Irish Volunteers, who, having taken up arms to defend their country against foreign invasion, never fulfilled the threat conveyed in the inscription or turned their guns upon the representatives of the Crown, although their just demands were defeated and rejected,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick was a city of the Irish Volunteers, the armed citizens who took up arms in the 1780s to defend Ireland against foreign invasion. A medal survives from 1784, and its shape is close enough to the medal of the Limerick Volunteers that it may have belonged to a member of that city's corps. The medal carries a motto: a parliamentary reform or else. The threat is blunt. A Dublin regiment had labelled their gun with similar words: free trade or this. Who T. S. was, the initials on the medal, remains a riddle. No full name is recorded, and no troop or corps is named. The artwork looks as though it may have been made in Belfast, Cork, or Dublin, and the tone of the motto has the ring of Belfast, where the Volunteer pulse beat quicker than perhaps anywhere else in the country. The medal reminds us of reforms that were required, demanded, and refused. The Irish Volunteers, having armed themselves to defend their country, never fulfilled the threat in the inscription. They never turned their guns on the representatives of the Crown, even though their just demands were defeated and rejected.

60. Walsh family monument in Abington chapel

    Abington · townland · Limerick · 1618

    A small private chapel, all that remains of the abbey of Wonye, contains a monument of the Walsh family with a long Latin inscription now nearly illegible. The monument was erected in 1618 by Lady Ellice Walsh in memory of her husband Sir Edmond Walsh.

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    (2) Sir Edmond Walsh was son to Peter Walsh, who died 20th June, 1575, and " was seized in his demesne as of fee of the site and precinct of the late abbey or religious house of Wonye, and of all the castles, messuages, lands and tenements in Wonye, Castleneboynage, Killnenoge, Knockenegurten, Rathreagh a/ias Rathrareg, Kappernowke, Kappicullen, Lesmolane, Kyshecurke, and Aunagh." The abbey of Wonye or Uaithne was founded in 1189 by Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Ormonde family. It was a daughter of the Cistercian abbey of Savigney, in the diocese of Avranches, Normandy. Some writers say that Fitzwalter was buried in this abbey in 1206 ; others say that in 1204 he gave " two palfreys " for licence to go to England, where he died. He was nephew to Thomas a Becket, and his brother Hubert was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1 193. A small private chapel in a very dilapidated state is all that is left of the abbey of which Dineley gives a sketch. In this chapel there is a monument of the Walsh family with a long Latin inscription now nearly illegible. It was erected in 1618 by Lady Ellice Walsh in memory of her husband Sir Edmond. The old graveyard containing many valuable monuments was destroyed by Philip Stepney Rawson, as he intended building a mansion house on the site of the abbey. It is now a pasture field. Sir George Carew in Pacata Hibernia relates that Rory O'Donnell in his retreat after the battle of Kinsale lost several men when passing over the ford near this abbey. Carew also details at length how O'Donnell had previously eluded him on the way to Kinsale by making a forced march over the Slieve Phelim mountains, lying a little north of the abbey. There is a stone on bridge at Abington inscribed with Walsh arms and an inscription now illegible but given by Dineley.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 255

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, a small private chapel stands in a very dilapidated state, all that is left of the abbey of Wonye. The abbey was founded in 1189 by Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Ormonde family. It was a daughter of the Cistercian abbey of Savigney, in the diocese of Avranches in Normandy. Some writers say Fitzwalter was buried in this abbey in 1206; others say that in 1204 he gave two palfreys for licence to go to England, where he died. He was nephew to Thomas à Becket. Inside the chapel there is a monument of the Walsh family with a long Latin inscription now nearly illegible. It was erected in 1618 by Lady Ellice Walsh in memory of her husband Sir Edmond Walsh. Sir Edmond was son to Peter Walsh, who died on the 20th of June 1575. Peter Walsh had been seized in his demesne of the site and precinct of the late abbey of Wonye, and of all the castles, messuages, lands and tenements in Wonye and the surrounding lands. The old graveyard, which contained many valuable monuments, was destroyed by Philip Stepney Rawson, as he intended building a mansion house on the site of the abbey. It is now a pasture field. Sir George Carew in Pacata Hibernia relates that Rory O'Donnell, in his retreat after the battle of Kinsale, lost several men when passing over the ford near this abbey. Carew also tells how O'Donnell had previously eluded him on the way to Kinsale by making a forced march over the Slieve Phelim mountains, lying a little north of the abbey. There is a stone on the bridge at Abington inscribed with Walsh arms and an inscription now illegible but given by Dineley.