Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Abraham Morris almshouse and armorial stone in Blarney Street, Cork

   Blarney Street · street · Cork · 1721

   A small almshouse in Blarney Street, Cork, was erected for poor aged Protestants and endowed by Abraham Morris in 1721, with an armorial stone bearing the founder's arms built into the wall behind the hall door. The stone, measuring forty-four by thirty-four inches, was obscured by whitewash and dirt, with its motto entirely undecipherable. Abraham Morris was likely a relative of Jonas Morris, mayor of Cork in 1659, who issued one of the earliest known Cork tokens dated 1657.

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   The armorial stone here reproduced illustrates very interestingly and locally what we have alluded to. The little almshouse in Blarney Street was endowed, Smith informs us, by " Mr. Jonas Morice for the poor of the people called Quakers." He cannot have visited the place, for his

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   As the companion tells it

   The almshouse on Blarney Street was endowed in 1721 by Abraham Morris for poor aged Protestants. Smith attributed it to 'Mr. Jonas Morice for the poor of the people called Quakers' and said he cannot have visited the place. An armorial stone, forty-four by thirty-four inches, is built into the wall behind the hall door, its motto undecipherable.

2. Bishop Crow's tree-lined walks at Cloyne palace demesne

   Cloyne · town · Cork

   The palace demesne at Cloyne was planted with stately trees by Bishop Crow, some of which still remained at the time of writing. Wide ditches six to eight feet across, planted with timber on both sides, carried gravelled walks along roads and through fields, where the palace party appeared in elaborate attire and the townspeople gathered to watch.

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   The palace then was the centre of the refinement of the town and neighbourhood, at least at comparatively early times, and this refinement was from the palace reflected upon all its surroundings. It was probably Bishop Crow who planted the demesne with those stately trees, some of which still remain ; it must have been nobly wooded when they were in their prime. The bishops' lands were not only bounded along the roads) but also traversed round the fields by wide ditches, which mostly still remain, not probably in all their original height or width ; and these ditches, six to eight feet in width, were planted with this timber on both sides ; and in the centre, all along their length by the roads and through the fields, there were made and kept gravelled walks, and along these, in summer time, the palace party used to appear, dressed in the rich and elaborate attire of those days. The whole town used to turn out to gaze on the gay scene, and give and receive words of mutual kindness and recognition. This the old man used to detail with great delight, being no doubt as usual a laudator temporis acii, but also as recalling some of the bright visions of his youth, which sadly contrasted with the sordid and squalid circumstances that marked his declining days. This also was a relic of olden time, when the lord and his lady used to show themselves among their retinue before their old castles. While the remains of feudal glory still lingered around the houses of the great they shared their splendour, they gave back as they could what they had gotten, and as it was given so it was received. The grace of the act ma)- not have been acknowledged by word, but it was recognised in the heart, and the generosity of the act took away all possible feelings of jealousy. All could not be rich, but the reflection of riches was thus cast upon all, and

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   As the companion tells it

   Cloyne in Cork had at its centre the palace, and in earlier times that palace was the heart of refinement for the town and neighbourhood. The refinement from the palace fell upon everything around it. It was probably Bishop Crow who planted the demesne with stately trees, some of which still remain. When those trees were in their prime the place must have been nobly wooded. The bishops' lands were not only bounded along the roads but also traversed round the fields by wide ditches, which mostly still remain, though not in all their original height or width. These ditches were 6 to 8 feet across, planted with timber on both sides, and in the centre, all along their length by the roads and through the fields, there were made and kept gravelled walks. In summer time the palace party used to appear along these walks, dressed in the rich and elaborate attire of those days. The whole town used to turn out to gaze on the gay scene, and give and receive words of mutual kindness and recognition. An old man used to tell of this with great delight, no doubt praising times past, but also recalling bright visions of his youth, which sadly contrasted with the sordid and squalid circumstances of his declining days. This was a relic of olden time, when the lord and his lady used to show themselves among their retinue before their old castles. While the remains of feudal glory still lingered around the houses of the great they shared their splendour. They gave back as they could what they had gotten, and as it was given so it was received. The grace of the act may not have been acknowledged by word, but it was recognised in the heart, and the generosity of the act took away all feelings of jealousy. All could not be rich, but the reflection of riches was thus cast upon all.

3. Bishop Moylan's pastoral letter read in chapels of Cork diocese

   Cork · city · Cork · 1798

   On 29 April 1798, a pastoral letter from Roman Catholic Bishop Dr. Moylan was read in all chapels of the diocese of Cork, exhorting the people not to be led from their allegiance. It had a salutary effect in preventing many in county Cork from joining the insurgents.

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   ladies and children left Muskerry for Cork or England, except some who held on in fortified residences ; and twelve thousand copies of a proclamation were issued, intimating that the military and yeomanry would take vigorous measures to repress disturbances and seize arms. Notwithstanding this, large armed gangs scoured the west of county Cork, searching houses for arms, and robbing indiscriminately. The house of John Gillman, at Milane, near Dunmanway, was one of those attacked, but he had received notice of their approach, and was aided by six soldiers, whose fire killed one and wounded others, of whom one named T. MacCarthy was captured, and soon after executed, after acknowledging at the scaffold the justice of his sentence, which he hoped would be a warning to other deluded persons. On Sunday, 29th April, a pastoral letter from the Roman Catholic bishop, Dr. Moylan, was read in all the chapels of the diocese of Cork, exhorting the people not to be led from their allegiance by the machinations of ill-designing men, which had a salutary effect in preventing many in the county Cork from joining the insurgents. In Dublin, on the following Sunday, the noted Major Sirr captured a committee of United Irishmen at the house of a publican on Rogerson's Quay ; and on the 19th May arrested Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after a desperate struggle, at the house of Murphy, a feather merchant in Thomas Street. Lord Edward died soon after of his wounds then received. The next day Henry and John Sheares, barristers, were taken and committed to gaol on the charge of high treason. For this they were tried, and on the 14th July were executed at the front of the new prison in Dublin. On their fate the ancestor, to whom the writer is indebted for the materials of this sketch, makes this comment : — " Thus fell victims to inordinate ambition two gentlemen of talents and learning, sons of a very worthy and respectable gentleman of Cork, who happily did not live to behold their untimely fate ; their heads were severed and given with their bodies to their friends."

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 122

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in the spring of 1798, was a city living under threat. Ladies and children had left Muskerry for Cork or for England, except for some who held on in fortified residences. Twelve thousand copies of a proclamation were issued, warning that the military and yeomanry would take vigorous measures to repress disturbances and seize arms. Still, large armed gangs scoured the west of county Cork, searching houses for arms and robbing indiscriminately. The house of John Gillman at Milane, near Dunmanway, was one of those attacked, but he had notice of their approach and was aided by six soldiers. Their fire killed one and wounded others. One of the wounded, a man named T. MacCarthy, was captured and soon after executed. At the scaffold he acknowledged the justice of his sentence and said he hoped it would be a warning to other deluded persons. On Sunday, 29 April 1798, a pastoral letter from the Roman Catholic Bishop, Dr. Moylan, was read in all the chapels of the diocese of Cork. It exhorted the people not to be led from their allegiance by the machinations of ill-designing men. It had a salutary effect in preventing many in county Cork from joining the insurgents. The turmoil was not confined to Cork. In Dublin the following Sunday, Major Sirr captured a committee of United Irishmen. On 19 May he arrested Lord Edward Fitzgerald after a desperate struggle, and Lord Edward died soon after of his wounds. The next day Henry and John Sheares, barristers and sons of a respectable gentleman of Cork, were taken and committed to gaol on the charge of high treason. They were tried and on 14 July executed at the front of the new prison in Dublin. Of their fate, a family ancestor wrote that they fell victims to inordinate ambition, and that their heads were severed and given with their bodies to their friends.

4. Carrigofarrelly Castle tradition of storming and skull find

   Caherconlish · town · Limerick

   Carrigoreilly or Carrigofarrelly Castle, 'the rock of the O'Farrelly,' is a small square structure with a good view of the surrounding country. Local tradition holds the castle was taken by storm and the last Burke owner slain; a large human skull was found about forty years ago by men sinking a drain near the castle. Lewis says it was last inhabited by the O'Dalys, who were small farmers holding the land.

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   shows that there was one, Cnocatancashlane, that is, Cnoc-a-tseanchaislean, " the hill of the old castle." About a mile to the west of Cnocatana Castle is the castle which the people now call Carrigoreilly Castle, but which I have already pointed out in the Journal is Carrigofarrelly, " the rock of the O'Farrelly," with whom I have already dealt. A large portion of this castle is left ; it is a small square structure. A very good view of this part of the country may be had from the summit. There is some tradition in the district of the castle having been taken by storm, and the last Burke owner being slain. About forty years ago a large human skull was found by some men when sinking a drain near the castle. Lewis, following Fitzgerald, says that this castle was last inhabited by the O'Dalys. These O'Dalys were simply small farmers, who held the land on which the castle is built. Fitzgerald's mode of imparting this information is apt to be misleading. I have already pointed out that there is the site of a large earthen fort a short distance to the south of this castle. It is not very often we can get the name of the people who lived in these raths ; but with regard to this one, I think there can be no mistake, for the name of the rock on which the Burkes built their castle points out that it was the O'Farrelly. When this fort was dug out, the field in which it lies, and the site of the fort, were planted with potatoes ; but the people say not a single potato grew on the site of the fort, and that certain misfortunes happened to the men who dug out the fort. The little stream which runs to the east of the castle is known as Sruhane-na-Gcearc, " the stream of the moor-hen." The cearc has long deserted the stream, and the name itself I had some trouble in obtaining. About a mile and a half to the south-west of this castle, and in the townland of Greenane, that is " sunny place," there was another castle on the top of a hill, called Greenane Castle. Only one or two stones of this castle are now left, the rest having been taken away within this century to build houses in the neighbourhood. This castle, Fitzgerald says, was last inhabited by the O'Xunans, but the same remark will apply which I have made with reference to the O'Dalys. A little north of this, and in the townland of Skehard, there is a fort, around which the whitethorns still linger. East of this, not far from Caherconlish rectory, and in Skehard townland, there is a large earn or burial mound ; about half a dozen of the stones which originally surrounded it are left. Fifty years ago, when an attempt was made to dig out this earn for top-dressing, the skeleton of a man was found buried in(4) standing posture. This was quite enough to put a stop to

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 257

   As the companion tells it

   Near Caherconlish stands a castle the people now call Carrigoreilly Castle, though its true name is Carrigofarrelly, the rock of the O'Farrelly. A large portion of it still stands, a small square structure. From its summit a good view of the surrounding country may be had. There is a tradition in the district that the castle was taken by storm and the last Burke owner slain. About 40 years ago, men sinking a drain near the castle found a large human skull. Lewis, following Fitzgerald, says the castle was last inhabited by the O'Dalys. These were simply small farmers who held the land on which the castle is built, and Fitzgerald's way of putting this can be misleading. A short distance to the south of the castle is the site of a large earthen fort. The name of the rock on which the Burkes built their castle points to the O'Farrelly as the people of that fort. When the fort was dug out, the field and the fort site were planted with potatoes, but the people say not a single potato grew on the site of the fort, and certain misfortunes happened to the men who dug it out. The little stream running to the east of the castle is called Sruhane-na-Gcearc, the stream of the moor-hen. The moor-hen has long deserted the stream, and the name itself was hard to obtain.

5. Christ face and Warrior head at the Cork Exhibition

   Cork · city · Cork · 1883

   Visitors to the Cork Exhibition of 1883 could see Richard Barter's remarkable sculpted head contrasting the Christ face with the face of a Warrior. The work was noted as evidence of a power Barter did not always put forth.

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   and contents, and especially attractive by the friendliness and bubbling humour of its host. Nor were his days here idle. On the contrary, he never failed in commissions which kept his time fully occupied and his hands and brain engaged in the favourite pursuit. His atelier is stored with models that attest his industry as well as the variety and constructiveness of his fancy. There are innumerable portrait busts. Prominent amongst the imaginative work is a noble terminal figure intended to sustain an electric light in a great hall. His group of " Friends " is a singularly effective combination of animated boyhood with the humorous aspect of animals. The works in the studio are religious, poetical, romantic — they touch the domain of art at most of its gates. The Gahvay peasant and girl constitute a charming idyl. The Christ face, in opposition to the face of the Warrior — visitors to the Cork Exhibition of 1883 may remember the remarkable head — suggests the possession of a power which he did not always care to put forth.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 52

   As the companion tells it

   As the road takes you through Cork, this is the city where, in 1883, an exhibition drew visitors to see a remarkable sculpted head by Richard Barter. The work set the Christ face in opposition to the face of the Warrior. Those who saw it may have remembered it as evidence of a power Barter did not always care to put forth. His studio held many other works that attested to his industry. There were innumerable portrait busts, a noble terminal figure meant to sustain an electric light in a great hall, and a group called Friends, combining animated boyhood with the humorous aspect of animals. A Galway peasant and girl formed a charming idyl. His works were religious, poetical, and romantic, touching the domain of art at most of its gates. But it was the head at the Cork Exhibition that hinted at what he could do when he chose to exert himself fully.

6. Cork citizens enroll in defense corps during invasion scare

   Cork · city · Cork · 1796

   On news of the French fleet off Bantry Bay, all citizens of Cork capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves in the Loyal Cork Legion or the Royal Cork Volunteers, who undertook the defence of the city and sent members to order in military from surrounding towns.

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   The names of such of the members as were then enrolled, and who continued in the 1st troop of Muskerry Cavalry down to 1804, appear on pp. 2, 3 of the present volume. A fuller list in 1799 will appear further on. The orderly books of the corps before 1803 are not known to be now in existence. On 3rd December, 1796, the "gentlemen and yeomen" of East and West Muskerry met again at Macroom, and settled on their plans for keeping the country quiet, and preventing persons from joining the French on their expected descent on the coast of Ireland — a very necessary precaution, for Great Britain, being then at war with France, Spain, and I lolland, had few regular troops to spare for service in Ireland. What the work of the yeomanry was likely then to be, is shown by the capture about that time of an American vessel laden with arms and warlike stores, intended to be landed in this country ; she had on board " twenty thousand stand of arms, sixteen brass cannon with carriages, tumbrils, and every appurtenance for field service, with camp equipage for twenty thousand men." This capture happened opportunely, for on Friday, 23rd December, news reached Cork of a strong French fleet being sighted off Bantry bay. What followed then resembles what happened in England on the news of the Spanish Armada being sighted off the south coast of England ; all citizens capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves among the Loyal Cork Legion, or the Royal Cork Volunteers, who undertook the defence of the city, and sent off members to the different towns in Minister to order in the military there

   Augustus-Louis-Carre Warren, eldest son of Sir Robert Warren, first baronet, so created in 1 7S4. Augustus succeeded as second baronet in 181 1 ; he was M.P. for Cork city 1783-1790, and the first captain of the Muskerry corps. He died in 1821, and was succeeded by his son, Sir Augustus, third baronet, who was captain of the corps when re-embodied in 1822.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 120

   As the companion tells it

   Coming through Cork. In December 1796, this city faced the threat of a French invasion. Britain was at war with France, Spain, and Holland, and had few regular troops to spare for service in Ireland. On the 3rd of December, the gentlemen and yeomen of East and West Muskerry met at Macroom and settled on their plans for keeping the country quiet, and preventing persons from joining the French on their expected descent on the coast of Ireland — a very necessary precaution. Around that same time, an American vessel was captured, laden with arms and warlike stores intended to be landed in this country. She had on board "twenty thousand stand of arms, sixteen brass cannon with carriages, tumbrils, and every appurtenance for field service, with camp equipage for twenty thousand men." This capture happened opportunely. Then on Friday the 23rd of December, news reached Cork of a strong French fleet being sighted off Bantry Bay. What followed then resembles what happened in England on the news of the Spanish Armada being sighted off the south coast of England. All citizens capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves among the Loyal Cork Legion or the Royal Cork Volunteers, who undertook the defence of the city and sent off members to the different towns in Munster to order in the military there.

7. Doneraile Castle entrusted to Lieutenant John Downing

   Doneraile · townland · Cork

   Lieutenant John Downing was entrusted by the Lord President with keeping the castle at Doneraile. He was described as singularly useful and active in military services due to his knowledge of the county and the Irish language, though his rigid comportment made him envied by many, especially common soldiers.

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   two arch rebels, and some sixty rogues of theirs, who had taken a house or two adjoining the castle, and thence had played on the defendants. To rescue them Captain Jephson, taking with him some thirty of his own troop and thirty of the Lord Inchiquin's (commanded by his cornet Banister), and some ninety musketeers from " Moallowe and Downrayle," under conduct of Lieutenant John Downinge (a man intrusted by the Lord President with the keeping his castle at Downrayle, and singularly useful and active in these kind of services from his knowledge of the county and language, worthy of much esteem were it not for his rigid comportment, which made him open to the envy of many, especially the common soldiers), marched among the rebels unawares, who instantly betook themselves to their heels (in which weapon the)- have more

   (IO) Rathgogan Castle stood where the town of Charleville now stands, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. Little is known of its ancient history; but the name points to its having been built by the Cogans, as was Kilbolane, soon after the arrival of Strongbow. From them it came to the Earl of Desmond, and was included in his forfeiture ; and was among the lands granted to Hugh Cuffe, one of the undertakers, by grant recited in Fiant, Eliz., No. 5,066, dated 14th November, 1587, wherein it is mentioned as "The castle and lands of Rathgogan, late David Encorig X«)'of the marsh], alias M "Gibbon's lands . . . late the Earl of Desmond's." The text shows that it had passed into the rapacious hands of the first Earl of Cork.

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 46

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Doneraile, a castle was entrusted to Lieutenant John Downing by the Lord President. He was a man singularly useful and active in these kinds of services, owing to his knowledge of the county and his knowledge of the Irish language. He would have been worthy of much esteem were it not for his rigid comportment, which made him open to the envy of many, especially the common soldiers. The trouble came when two arch rebels and some sixty rogues of theirs took a house or two adjoining the castle, and from there played on the defenders. To rescue them, Captain Jephson marched out taking with him some thirty of his own troop and thirty of Lord Inchiquin's, the latter commanded by his cornet Banister. He also brought some ninety musketeers from Mallow and Doneraile, all under the conduct of Lieutenant John Downing. They marched among the rebels unawares, and the rebels instantly betook themselves to their heels. The passage notes that in that particular weapon, the rebels had more skill than in most. So the castle held, and Downing's knowledge of the ground and of the Irish tongue had done its work, whatever his rigid manner cost him among the men he served with.

8. Franciscan convent founded at Waterford by Purcells

   Waterford · city · Waterford

   About a century after the Norman arrival, Sir Hugh Purcell founded the convent of Franciscan Friars at Waterford, as recorded by Ware. The Purcells were of Norman extraction, arriving in Ireland with Henry II's army in 1172.

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   (9) To supplement the scanty information given in a previous note, I have been favoured with the following by Mr. Lyndhurst Purcell of Cork, and Mr. Hewson of Hollywood, county Limerick. The Purcells are of Norman extraction, the name being derived from the porcelle shown in their arms. The first in Ireland arrived in the army of Henry II., in 1172. About a century after Sir Hugh Purcell founded (as Ware relates) the convent of Franciscan Friars at Waterford. When James Butler, first Earl of Ormond, was authorised as Count Palatine of Tipperary to create Palatine Barons, he so created the head of the Loghmoe family, and the Barons of Loghmoe afterwards intermarried with the Butlers of Ormond and other noble families. One of the Loghmoe family settled in Waterford, and left three sons, one of whom remained in Waterford, another settled in Kilkenny, and a third in Croagh, county Limerick. Of this Croagh family was General Purcell mentioned in the text, and Colonel Garret Purcell. Colonel Garret after the war took service in Spain, but returned during the Jacobite war, when he must have been an elderly man." The Purcells of Pullen and Kanturk descend from a Richard Purcell, who married into the Ormond family, and through the duke's interest obtained lands in the plains of Duhailow ; and this family claims the name ot Kanturk, "boar's head," as being derived from the boar's head shewn in their arms and crest, though Smith (bk. ii., ch. vi.) gives a different, but conjectural, account of the origin of the name. Arms, or, a saltire between four boars' heads, sa, couped, gu. Crest, a hand, couped above the wrist, erect, holding a sword vertical, hilted, or, pierced through a boar's head, sa, couped git, the sleeve az, turned up arg.

   RISE AND PROGRESS IN MUNSTER OF THE REBELLION. ? $

   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 46

   As the companion tells it

   Waterford was the setting for a foundation that came about a century after the Normans reached Ireland. The Purcells were of Norman extraction. Their name came from the porcelle shown in their family arms. The first of them in Ireland arrived with the army of Henry the Second in 1172. About a hundred years later, Sir Hugh Purcell founded the convent of Franciscan Friars at Waterford. Ware relates this in his records. The Purcells went on to spread across the region. When James Butler, first Earl of Ormond, was authorised as Count Palatine of Tipperary to create Palatine Barons, he made the head of the Loghmoe family one of them. The Barons of Loghmoe afterwards intermarried with the Butlers of Ormond and other noble families. One of the Loghmoe family settled in Waterford and left three sons. One remained in Waterford, another settled in Kilkenny, and a third went to Croagh in county Limerick. Of that Croagh family came General Purcell and Colonel Garret Purcell. Colonel Garret took service in Spain after the war but returned during the Jacobite war, by then an elderly man. The Purcells of Pullen and Kanturk descend from a Richard Purcell, who married into the Ormond family and obtained lands in the plains of Duhailow through the duke's interest. That family claims the name Kanturk, meaning boar's head, from the boar's head shown in their arms and crest, though Smith gives a different but conjectural account of the name's origin.

9. Goul-na-spurra and the road to Shandon Castle

   Cork · city · Cork

   Goul-na-spurra, meaning 'the centre of the spur,' was once a very narrow place for the Dublin mail coach to pass through. It led in old times up to Shandon Castle and Lord Barry's country, and is now an open space used by city bands on festive occasions.

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   In the last century there was a house and ferry where St. Vincent's Bridge stands ; the house was known as the Lilac House, from a fine lilac tree that overshadowed it. Goule's Weir (or whatever it is called now), across the river above the Lee Mills, belonged, with the fishery thereof, to the monks of Shandon Abbey in times long past. The Dole House belonging to the abbey stood to the east of North Abbey Square where the lane runs up to the rock steps, and it was the place where the monks doled out charity in food or clothing to the poor. It had a little stream from the river leading to a water-gate of its own, but I know of nothing of interest in connection with it, though I know that some of the silver vessels of the abbey are still in existence. Goul-na-spurra, " the centre of the spur," did not form an ornament to our city at that time; it was once a very narrow place for the mail coacli to Dublin to pass through ; it

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   Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 155

   As the companion tells it

   As the road passes through Cork, you are coming up to Goul-na-spurra, meaning the centre of the spur. It was once a very narrow place for the Dublin mail coach to pass through. In old times it led up to Shandon Castle and Lord Barry's country. Now it is an open space used by city bands on festive occasions. Near here, where St. Vincent's Bridge stands, there was a house and ferry known as the Lilac House, from a fine lilac tree that overshadowed it. Goule's Weir, across the river above the Lee Mills, belonged with its fishery to the monks of Shandon Abbey in times long past. The Dole House of the abbey stood to the east of North Abbey Square, where the lane runs up to the rock steps. There the monks doled out charity in food or clothing to the poor. It had a little stream from the river leading to a water-gate of its own. Some of the silver vessels of the abbey are still in existence.

10. Union of the Sees of Cork and Cloyne in 1429

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 1429

    Due to the FitzGeralds plundering the richly endowed temporalities of the see of Cloyne, the resulting poverty necessitated the union of the sees of Cork and Cloyne. This union occurred around 1429, with Jordan Purcell appointed bishop of the united sees.

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    In some notices of blessed Thaddeus it is mentioned he was persecuted on account of the disturbances caused by Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. There is no proof that he was concerned in Simnel's cause. The latter only arrived in Cork from Lisbon in 1492, when blessed Thaddeus was away from Ireland ; indeed there is no evidence that he ever "enjoyed possession " of the sees of Cork and Cloyne; the contrary appears to be the case. The FitzGeralds had most part of the diocese of Cloyne and part of Cork under their control ; the Cork portion they obtained by marriage with the heiress of De Cogan. They were anxious for and succeeded from time to time in filling the see of Cloyne, and afterwards the united sees of Cork and Cloyne with their own relatives or adherents. Undoubtedly, they made many religious foundations ; for example, the collegiate church of Youghal, the convents of Dominicans and Franciscans in the town ; but still they laid their hands on the temporalities of the diocese of Cloyne, which was richly endowed, so that the poverty of the see caused by such plunder was the occasion for the union of Cork and Cloyne, which took place only a little before, in 1429, when Jordan Purcell was, on the 15th of June, appointed bishop of the united sees. Dr. Maziere Brady gives, in Records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. iii., a very interesting history of the property of the see of Cloyne. The McCarthys being powerful rivals, and Thaddeus being of that family, was the real cause of his trouble. The troubles of the times and distance from Rome favoured them. Bishop Jordan had not either a quiet time of it. William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, aided by Gerald, a clergyman of the same diocese, and of the family of the FitzGeralds, managed by false representations to have himself appointed coadjutor to Bishop Jordan. Jordan having appealed to the Pope and king, had him removed. On Jordan's death, William Roche tried, on the plea of being coadjutor with right of succession, to succeed, but was not successful. In 1479 William Roche was appointed, and on his resignation, in 1490, Thaddeus was appointed on the 21st of April to the sees of Cork and Cloyne.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 288

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Cloyne was the seat of a richly endowed diocese, until the FitzGeralds laid their hands on its temporalities. The FitzGeralds had most of the diocese of Cloyne and part of Cork under their control. They obtained the Cork portion by marriage with the heiress of De Cogan. They were anxious to fill the see of Cloyne, and afterwards the united sees, with their own relatives or adherents. They did make religious foundations, the collegiate church of Youghal and convents of Dominicans and Franciscans in the town. But they plundered the temporalities of Cloyne, and the poverty that resulted was the occasion for the union of Cork and Cloyne. That union took place only a little before 1429, when Jordan Purcell was appointed bishop of the united sees on the 15th of June. Bishop Jordan did not have a quiet time of it. William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, aided by Gerald, a clergyman of the same diocese and of the FitzGerald family, managed by false representations to have himself appointed coadjutor to Bishop Jordan. Jordan appealed to the Pope and the king and had him removed. On Jordan's death, William Roche tried, on the plea of being coadjutor with right of succession, to succeed, but was not successful. In 1479 William Roche was appointed, and on his resignation in 1490, Thaddeus was appointed on the 21st of April to the sees of Cork and Cloyne. The McCarthys were powerful rivals, and Thaddeus being of that family was the real cause of his trouble.

11. Bishops' tolls and town governance in Cloyne

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    The bishops of Cloyne held the tolls of the town, operated an ecclesiastical court as the original fount of local justice, and oversaw sanitation. Not long before the See house was vacated, the bishop granted the tolls to the town for the benefit of the poor.

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    The bishops of the day were the lords paramount of the place, the more so as the government had but very defective arrangements made for law and police, and the bishops had inherited by law and custom various rights and privileges. The old ecclesiastical court, not so long since closed, was probably the original fount of local justice, which gradually gave way to the more elaborate arrangements of the civil power. The bishops had also the tolls of the town, no inconsiderable heritage at one time ; and not vet')- long before the See house was vacated by its last bishop these tolls were granted by the bishop of the day to the town, for the benefit of the poor. I have seen a copy of the grant.

    126 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 77

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near Cloyne, in Cork. The bishops of the day were lords paramount of the place. The government had but very defective arrangements for law and police, and the bishops had inherited by law and custom various rights and privileges. Their old ecclesiastical court, not so long since closed, was probably the original fount of local justice. It gradually gave way to the more elaborate arrangements of the civil power. The bishops also held the tolls of the town, no inconsiderable heritage at one time. Not long before the See house was vacated by its last bishop, the bishop of the day granted those tolls to the town, for the benefit of the poor. The writer saw a copy of the grant.

12. Abbey of Ross and Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy

    near Ross · parish · Cork · 1465–1475

    The ancient Benedictine abbey of Ross depended on the Irish monastery of St. James Wurtiburg. Thaddeus McCarthy, described as being of the diocese of Cork, was listed as abbot of St. James from 1465 to 1475, though this was likely a different person.

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    fire in the seventeenth century, when the episcopal archives were burnt. He encloses the above Latin lines, and also enquires concerning the county and life of blessed Thaddeus. Dr. Renehan in his reply, at the request of Archbishop Murray, also stated that he went abroad at an early age and embraced the monastic state. His virtues and piety soon attracted the notice of his brethren, as manifest from their chronicles ; that he repaired to Rome to receive episcopal consecration before returning to his own country from Innocent VIII, who was attracted by his virtues. I presume Dr. Renehan had not at his disposal when he wrote what are now at our disposal, otherwise he would have known the date of his consecration under Pope Sixtus, not Innocent. Regarding the monastic state, there is no mention of it in his bulls. Indeed the ancient abbey of Ross, Benedictine, depended on the Irish monastery of St. James Wurtiburg. In the list of abbots of the latter, Thaddeus was abbot from 1465 to 1475. It can scarcely be our Thaddeus, as he would be only ten years of age in 1465. I scarce think he was from Kerry, as he is distinctly described as of the diocese of Cork.

    (To be continued).

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 293

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Ross in Cork, you are passing the parish of an ancient Benedictine abbey, now gone, that once depended on the Irish monastery of St. James at Wurtiburg. Its story became tangled with that of Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy. Thaddeus is described as being of the diocese of Cork, not Kerry. He went abroad at an early age and embraced the monastic state. His virtues and piety soon attracted the notice of his brethren, as their chronicles show. He repaired to Rome to receive episcopal consecration before returning to his own country. Dr. Renehan, writing at the request of Archbishop Murray, said this consecration came from Pope Innocent the Eighth, who was attracted by Thaddeus's virtues. But later records show the consecration was under Pope Sixtus, not Innocent. The bulls make no mention of his monastic state. In the list of abbots of St. James Wurtiburg, a Thaddeus appears from 1465 to 1475. But this can scarcely be our Thaddeus, as he would have been only ten years of age in 1465. The question of his county and life was raised in letters after a fire in the seventeenth century, when the episcopal archives were burnt.

13. Bronze spear found in tumulus in Ash townland

    Ash · street · Kerry

    A bronze spear was found in a tumulus in Ash townland, as referenced in the article on County Louth antiquities. A bronze sword was similarly found in the Greenmount tumulus.

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    arc only found at rare intervals. The bronze spear found in the tumulus in Ash townland, and the bronze sword in the Greenmount one, has been referred to. Hut unfortunately all articles, if not of intrinsic value, are often thrown away or lost by the finders. Last year a man ploughing in a field, called Carracushin, near the back-gate of Fanevalley, came upon a flagstone, which on bein^" raised disclosed an earthenware jar. This, the most valuable thing, was at once smashed in pieces by the man, who hoped to find a treasure, but there were only bones, and what from the description given by him was a small bronze pin. With the help of the man himself rooting about the place, I was able to recover some fragments of the jar and a few of the bones, but the bronze pin was never found again, though I offered a reward. Mr. Byrne, the firmer who owned the field, had it searched for, but unsuccessfully. These cinerary urns(,) are sometimes found and always contain bones, and generally some article belonging, it may be supposed, to the person whose bones are buried there. The bones are necessarily not entire, but are either broken into fragments, burnt or reduced to powder.

    I hope that any one now present who may hear of any discoveric of these or any other ancient remains will endeavour, as far as possible, to ensure their preservation until they can be deposited in a place of safety. The rules regarding such finds give to the finder a certain and even liberal reward, more than the mere intrinsic value of the article, so that no one need be afraid that he will be a loser who finding any relic 11I past ages entrusts his secret to his nearest antiquarian neighbour, so that no chance may he lost of presen in;', everything that turns up which may throw some light on the history and customs of times hidden from us by the lapse of a;

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 235

    As the companion tells it

    A townland in Kerry, Ash has a tumulus where a bronze spear was found. A bronze sword was found similarly in the Greenmount tumulus. These finds had been referred to before, but the writer goes on to tell of another discovery. Last year a man ploughing in a field called Carracushin, near the back-gate of Fanevalley, came upon a flagstone. When he raised it, an earthenware jar lay beneath. The man smashed the jar at once, hoping to find treasure inside. There were only bones, and by his description, a small bronze pin. With the man's help, rooting about the place, the writer recovered some fragments of the jar and a few of the bones. But the bronze pin was never found again, though a reward was offered. Mr. Byrne, the farmer who owned the field, had it searched for, but without success. These cinerary urns are sometimes found and always contain bones, and generally some article belonging, it may be supposed, to the person whose bones are buried there. The bones are not entire but are either broken into fragments, burnt, or reduced to powder. The writer hoped that anyone hearing of discoveries of ancient remains would endeavour to ensure their preservation until they could be deposited in a place of safety. The rules regarding such finds gave the finder “a certain and even liberal reward,” more than the mere intrinsic value of the article, so that no one need fear being a loser who, finding any relic of past ages, entrusted it to their nearest antiquarian neighbour.

14. Call to Irish lords to support Bishop Thaddeus

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1492

    The Pope called upon several Irish nobles, including Florence McCarthy, prince of Carbery, and Cormac Thadeus of Blarney, to assist Thaddeus in taking physical possession of his episcopal see.

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    and Edmund, brothers, and the subjects of the foresaid city and university, besides Philip 0'Ronayne,(4) cleric of the diocese of Cork, and in the fullest manner censures them from his own knowledge for hindering Thaddeus in the possession of his diocese. His Holiness calls upon all archbishops, bishops, chapters and laity, etc., to carry out all the ceremonies of excommunication against the foregoing. His Holiness also calls upon all archbishops, bishops, prelates and the beloved sons, the noble Gerald, Earl of Kildare, and Florence McKarryg, prince of Carbery, and Tadeus, prince of Desmond, and Cormac the son of Tadcus, and young Donald McKarryg, and Maurice Roche, and their brothers, sons, and subjects, to assist Thaddeus in the possession of his see. His Holiness also mentions that he has heard that Thaddeus cannot approach the cities or churches of Cork and Cloyne, and declares that every act of his has the same power as if performed in the churches of Cork and Cloyne. In this bull of the Pope we sec plainly shown the jealousy of the FitzGeralds and their adherents ; they do not wish to have a McCarthy in the episcopal see of Cork and Cloyne. On the other hand we see the Pope calls on the Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, and whose daughter was married to McCarthy Reagh, to come to the aid of Thaddeus ; on Florence himself, prince of Carbery; Tadeus, prince of Desmond (McCarthy Mor ; Cormac Thadeus, of Blarney, and young Donald McCarthy Reagh, and Maurice Roche.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Blarney, in 1492, a Pope's bull reached into Irish affairs. Thaddeus had been appointed to the bishopric of Cork and Cloyne, but he could not take physical possession of his see. He could not even approach the cities or churches of Cork and Cloyne. The Pope declared that every act of Thaddeus carried the same power as if performed in those churches themselves. The bull censured those who hindered Thaddeus, among them Edmund and Philip O'Ronayne, a cleric of the diocese of Cork. His Holiness called upon all archbishops, bishops, prelates, and laity to carry out the full ceremonies of excommunication against them. Then the Pope called for help. He turned to the noble Gerald, Earl of Kildare, lord lieutenant of Ireland, whose daughter was married to McCarthy Reagh. He called on Florence McCarthy, prince of Carbery, on Tadeus, prince of Desmond, the McCarthy Mor, on young Donald McCarthy Reagh, and on Maurice Roche. And he called on Cormac Thadeus of Blarney. The passage says plainly what lay behind it. The FitzGeralds and their adherents did not want a McCarthy in the episcopal see of Cork and Cloyne.

15. Carrigadrohid parade ground of Muskerry Cavalry

    Carrigadrohid · townland · Cork · 1805

    Carrigadrohid served as the parade ground for the Muskerry Cavalry and Infantry, where monthly inspections took place, summoned by letter. In June 1805, Lt-Col Morrison ordered the legion under arms there for inspection and to fire three rounds of blank cartridge per man.

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    The parade ground of the Muskerry Cavalry and Infantry was Carrigadrohid, and here their monthly inspection took place, to which they were summoned by letter. Here is one such dated June i, 1805—

    " Lieut. -Colonel Morrison's compliments to Captain Comt- Warren, and begs he will have the goodness to have the Muskerry Legion, under his command, under arms at Carrigadrohid, at 12 o'clock on Wednesday, the 12th of June, for his monthly inspection, and to fire three rounds of blank cartridge per man, which will be obtained in Cork by applying to the Adjutant-General.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 12

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is the parade ground of the Muskerry Cavalry and Infantry. Their monthly inspection took place here, and they were summoned by letter. One such letter is dated June 1, 1805. Lieutenant-Colonel Morrison sent his compliments to Captain Count-Warren and asked him to have the Muskerry Legion under arms at Carrigadrohid at 12 o'clock on Wednesday, the 12th of June, for his monthly inspection. Each man was to fire three rounds of blank cartridge, which would be obtained in Cork by applying to the Adjutant-General.

16. Cork garrison kept under arms on alarm of rising

    Cork · city · Cork · 1798

    On 17 March 1798, the entire garrison at Cork was kept under arms all night by General Myers on an alarm that a rising was to take place there, and the yeomanry patrolled in strong bodies.

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    About this time the shadow of the coming rebellion of 1798 began to spread over the country, and some foul murders were committed by misguided men, notably that of Mr. St. George Mansergh at Castle Uniacke, the scat of his host, Mr. Jasper Uniacke, who was murdered with him. The former had made himself very active in trying to keep the country quiet at Araglin, near Kilworth, and had defied the local insurgent leader known as "Captain Doc." Castle Uniacke was attacked on 9th February, when there were no arms in it, and both gentlemen were killed. The committee in the barony of Condons and Clangibbon got the necessary information, and the leaders were taken, tried and executed at the spot on 16th April. In Muskerry, at Blarney, on 25th March, the house of Rev. Mr. Stopford was attacked and thoroughly searched for documents which he was suspected to have. Mr. Stopford had barely time to get out of bed and escape through a back window ; he hid himself for an hour in a wet ditch where he lay with his shirt off fearing it would attract attention. He finally got refuge in Blarney Castle. The Muskerry corps, on information, arrested some alleged to be of the attacking gang, but the real culprits were not taken till 1799. Meetings were now held all over the country to raise voluntary subscriptions to help Government in procuring means of defence against invasion, and enormous sums were quickly subscribed. On 13th March the Provincial Committee of the United Irishmen for Leinster were, on information received, arrested at Mr. Oliver Bond's house in Bridge Street, Dublin, Lord Edward Fitzgerald just escaping arrest then ; and on the 17th the whole garrison at Cork were kept by General Myers under arms all night on an alarm that a rising was to take place there, and the yeomanry patrolled in strong bodies. About 5th April a circular was sent to the captain of the Muskerry Yeomanry, and all others, requesting them to suggest to their companies the necessity of their coming under permanent pay and performing all the duty of their respective districts, so that the militia and regular forces should be concentrated to meet emergencies. This was acceded to, and

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 122

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming through Cork. In March 1798 the shadow of the coming rebellion had begun to spread over the country. Murders had been committed by misguided men. Mr. St. George Mansergh was killed at Castle Uniacke, the seat of his host, Mr. Jasper Uniacke, who was murdered with him. Mansergh had made himself active trying to keep the country quiet at Araglin, near Kilworth, and had defied the local insurg leader known as Captain Doc. Castle Uniacke was attacked on 9 February, when there were no arms in it, and both gentlemen were killed. The leaders were taken, tried, and executed at the spot on 16 April. In Muskerry, at Blarney, on 25 March, the house of the Reverend Mr. Stopford was attacked and searched for documents he was suspected to have. He barely had time to get out of bed and escape through a back window. He hid for an hour in a wet ditch with his shirt off, fearing it would attract attention, and finally got refuge in Blarney Castle. The real culprits were not taken until 1799. On 13 March the Provincial Committee of the United Irishmen for Leinster were arrested at Mr. Oliver Bond's house in Bridge Street, Dublin, and Lord Edward Fitzgerald just escaped arrest then. And on the 17th the whole garrison at Cork were kept by General Myers under arms all night on an alarm that a rising was to take place there, and the yeomanry patrolled in strong bodies. About 5 April a circular was sent to the captain of the Muskerry Yeomanry, and all others, requesting them to suggest to their companies the necessity of their coming under permanent pay and performing all the duty of their respective districts, so that the militia and regular forces should be concentrated to meet emergencies. This was acceded to.

17. Folk belief in Cork about horse hair turning into eels

    Cork · city · Cork

    In Cork, it is traditionally believed that if the long hairs of a horse's tail are placed in water, they will turn into eels after a certain number of days. The author uses this local belief to argue that the eel was historically considered a sacred fish in Ireland.

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    tongue, 7/^- ^r/«« rt n-diaidh na fearthana, "Sunshine follows rain.'' Soon the wonderful Gaelic language will be valued, and soon our priceless myths will be studied and unravelled, and then a bright light will shine from ancient Erin, from a land which is saturated with the dews of ages, on the working of Almighty Power, during the dark aeons of prehistoric time. The root of Dirra is the Sanscrit da, " water." This old Celtic or Sanscrit word occurs, as I have already pointed out, in the names of these rivers flowing into the Black Sea. Vera or Bera also comes from an old word signifying " water." It occurs in Sanscrit var, " a cloud"; varsha, "rain"; Irish, imber, " river mouth "; Latin, imber, "rain"; Greek, Bp«vw, "to make wet"; Latin pluvium, "rain," for "p"and "b" interchange as do also "1" and "r"; in Welsh, gwlaw, "rain"; in Irish, fearthuinn, "rain." The root ber can be still further reduced, for by taking the Hebrew Be'er "a fountain" (the Irish lobar ox do-od-bur), we get the root er by dropping the "b," a formative letter. This root er is one of the oldest roots in Celtic or any other language. It took the form it in ancient Babylon, where II was the chief deity, and from him the city was named Babylon, that is, Bab-Il, the Gate of II, or water personified and deified. In both Assyria and Babylon the second place was held by the same triad of gods, Anu, Bel and Ea. Anu, I think, represents " the earth"; Bel, " fire"; and Ea perhaps " air.' We have much the same arrangement in Eriu. Aine is the earth, or seed goddess, and she is the daughter of Manannan MacLir, the god of water in pagan Ireland. Aine is the Norse Freya, the Roman Venus, the Greek Aphrodite, who both sprung from the foam of the sea, and in whose names is the old root er. In the rearranged Babylonian system Aine corresponds to Ishtar, the goddess of love, of beauty, and of war in Babylon, as was Aine in Ireland. In Finnic mythology II was also the chief deity, and in that language II Ja, which means "son" or "begotten " of II or water, is the word for eel. In Irish, eascu is the word for eel. Cu, as I have already pointed out in the Journal, is an old word signifying "begotten" or "begetting." It occurs in the Welsh laden, "grandfather," and Welsh mangu, "grandmother." The eel must have been a saCred fish in Ireland, for in Cork it is still believed that if the long hairs of a horse's tail be placed in water they will, after a certain number of days, be changed into eels. Major-General Stubbs in his interesting paper regards Cu Chulaind as a real personage, and probably I myself stand alone in regarding him as altogether mythical, and alone also in the meaning I give to his name, which I consider not to signify "hound of Culaind," but "son or begotten of Culaind." Culaind, according to the myths, was a de Danand smith, whose hound Cu Chulaind slew, but Culaind, it seems to me, was the fire god, succeeded by the sun god Cu Chulaind. Culaind is the Smith Weyland of German mythology, the Smith Wieland or Volundr of Norse mythology, the Hsephsestus of Greek, the Vulcan of Roman, and the Vul of Babylonian mythology. In Babylon Vul was the god of the atmosphere. But do we not read in Roman mythology, as rendered by Milton, that he dropped from the zenith like a falling star on Lcmnos, the . i Isle. Vul and eul, the root of Culaind, are exactly the same, for our language did not like the labial sound, and represented it by the guttural "a" Compare Irish cruimthir with Latin presbyter, Irish case with Greek and Latin pose, Easter; Irish corcur with English purple. The November, or rain month, in Hebrew is namfrom Bui, "rain," and the word also denotes "a sprout," so I think we might consider the root originally denoted the creative principle cf nature which came from a primary root bit "to produce." In Hebrew one of the words, adamah for "earth "is to be reduced to a root ad, signifying "water,'' and Adam was the name given to man formed from this earth, or adamah. This coincides with what geologists and astronomers tell us of this world of ours, which was once, they say, a fluid mass which gradually

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 306

    As the companion tells it

    There is an old belief in Cork, a belief still alive, that if you take the long hairs of a horse's tail and place them in water, they will change into eels after a certain number of days. The author who recorded this in the Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society used it to argue something larger: that the eel was once a sacred fish in Ireland. His reasoning runs through language and myth. The Irish word for eel is eascu. He takes the cu at the end of that word and traces it to an old root meaning begotten or begetting. He finds the same idea far from Ireland. In Finnic mythology, the chief deity was called II, a word for water, and the Finnic word for eel, II Ja, means son or begotten of water. So the eel, in both places, carries the sense of something born from water itself. He links this to a wider pattern of water worship. Manannan MacLir was the god of water in pagan Ireland, and his daughter Aine was the earth or seed goddess, compared to Aphrodite and Venus, who themselves sprang from the foam of the sea. In ancient Babylon, the city's name came from Bab-Il, the Gate of Il, where II was water personified and deified. The author sees the same ancient root running through all of these: water giving birth, water made sacred, water becoming the creative principle behind gods and names. The horse hair turning to eels in a Cork bucket is, in his view, the last small echo of that old reverence.

18. Founding of the Duhallow Hunt at Cecilstown, 1800

    Cecilstown · townland · Cork · 1800

    On 29 September 1800, gentlemen met at Cecilstown to found the Duhallow Hunt, resolving to meet and dine there on the first Monday of every month. Rules for subscriptions, balloting, uniforms, and governance were established, with provision to move dining to Mallow until proper accommodation was provided at Cecilstown.

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    That a club be formed, to consist of the following members, to be called the Duhallow Hunt, and to meet and dine at Cecilstown the first Monday in every month.

    That the yearly subscription of each member be two [two scratched out and "three" put in pencil over the two] guineas, to be paid in advance on or before the first Monday in November in each year.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Cecilstown, on 29 September 1800, gentlemen met to found the Duhallow Hunt. They resolved to meet and dine there on the first Monday of every month. Each member's yearly subscription was set at two guineas, then changed to three, payable in advance on or before the first Monday in November. If proper accommodation was lacking, dining would move to Mallow.

19. Gortnagoul townland at the fork of the Deel river

    Gortnagoul · townland · Cork

    Gortnagoul townland, meaning "The field or garden at the fork" of the Deel river, absorbed the former Ballynablay townland. The name Ballynablay itself was traditionally linked to the Easter custom of decorating trees with eggshell blossoms.

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    The tradition that the sun, at its rising, dances on Easter Sunday is universal. In former times it is told that the people, after their breakfast of Easter eggs, decorated the trees with the shells, as blossoms, in honour of the occasion. There is a small townland in the parish of Kilbolane, in Orrery and Kilmore barony, which is said to derive its name of Ballynablay (B4jle-r)4-bl4t, i.e. " The town of the Blossoms," and now sometimes written " Blossomville,") from this custom. Ballynablay townland is now merged in that of Gortnagoul — oofuc r]4 54b4l, i.e. " The field or garden at the fork " of the Deel river.

    Holy Week also brings in the (folk-lore) history <j) of the Daire Daol (the forfecula oleus), one of the coleoptera. When the Saviour of

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 99

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the land was once called Ballynablay, the town of the blossoms, a name now sometimes written as Blossomville. That name came from an old Easter custom. People believed the sun dances at its rising on Easter Sunday. After breakfast on Easter eggs, they would decorate the trees with the shells, as blossoms, in honour of the day. Ballynablay has since been absorbed into Gortnagoul, which means the field or garden at the fork of the Deel river. Both names are from the parish of Kilbolane, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. So the ground here carries two names: one from a river fork, and one from eggshells hung on branches at Easter.

20. Grand Parade Canal and Tuckey's Bridge

    Grand Parade · street · Cork

    A canal once existed on the Grand Parade, by which people crossed over Tuckey's Bridge to the eastern side. Another bridge stood where the water ran into the South Channel, with its arch still visible at the back of the little green.

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    Cross Street Bridge at the east end of the Franciscan Friary ; Austen's Lane Bridge, now under the Dispensary ; one in Paradise Place at the west end of the Ship Dock, which was the original "Cork Arms"; one in front of "Ye Oueenes Old Castel," on the Grand Parade. Patrick Street was open in the last century. There is a bridge opposite Drawbridge Street by the statue of Father Mathew, and one ought to be opposite Marlborough Street. That stream, now called a main sewer, runs into the North Channel, near Patrick's Bridge, as the arch there is plain enough to be seen. There was a canal on the Grand Parade, by which people crossed over Tuckey's Bridge to the eastern side ; there must be another at the end where the water ran into the South Channel, the arch of it is at the back of the little green. Warren's Place was open in the last century, and of course there was a bridge or two to cross over to Lapp's Island; one of these bridges was in a line with the east end of George Street. There was a stream at the upper end of Grattan Street, over which there stood a couple of bridges ; the arch of that stream is on Bachelor's Quay at northern end. The street was called after Admiral Duncan, in honour of Camperdown, but it has gone back to its old name again. There is a hidden bridge at the end of the Coal Quay, where the water ran into the Coal Quay dock. There is one opposite the Cork Distilleries Company where the water ran into Copley's Dock. There are several hidden bridges on the Watercourse Road, which were not covered in until little more than fifty years ago. " The Roaring Bridge " was about opposite O'Connell Street, and there are at least two more somewhere about, one was at the back of Lady's Well Brewery, which I remember well myself. There is also a hidden bridge at the river end of Nelson Place, where the water ran into the Old Custom House Dock. But I think I have given you more than enough of them to prove that Cork is a city of many bridges, for strangers and even citizens walk and ride over them, unconsciously of course, for bicycles are more interesting than bridges. In conclusion, I may remark that I did not count five wooden bridges across the South Channel, of which the College Bridge is one, nor four on Prospect Place (two of stone and two of wood), as they belong to the Lee Mills. Nor did I count a stone bridge of two arches over the stream at Wise's Distillery, for there are enough without them to prove that the Beautiful City of Cork resembled at one time (in a small way) Beautiful Venice, the Queen of the Adriatic.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 284

    As the companion tells it

    A canal once ran along the Grand Parade in Cork, and people crossed over Tuckey's Bridge to reach the eastern side. There was another bridge where the water ran into the South Channel, and its arch is still visible at the back of the little green. The writer of this passage, in the Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, set out to prove that Cork was a city of many bridges. He listed them one by one. There was Cross Street Bridge at the east end of the Franciscan Friary. There was Austen's Lane Bridge, now under the Dispensary. There was one in Paradise Place at the west end of the Ship Dock, which was the original Cork Arms. There was a bridge in front of what the old records called "Ye Oueenes Old Castel" on the Grand Parade. There was a bridge opposite Drawbridge Street by the statue of Father Mathew, and he said one ought to be opposite Marlborough Street. A stream, now called a main sewer, runs into the North Channel near Patrick's Bridge, where the arch is plain to see. Warren's Place was open in the last century, and there was a bridge or two to cross over to Lapp's Island, one of them in a line with the east end of George Street. The writer remarked that strangers and even citizens walked and rode over these bridges unconsciously, because "bicycles are more interesting than bridges." He did not count five wooden bridges across the South Channel, nor four on Prospect Place, nor a stone bridge of two arches at Wise's Distillery. He said there were enough without them to prove that Cork resembled, in a small way, Venice, the Queen of the Adriatic.

21. Hore Abbey and its Cistercian conversion

    Hore Abbey · ecclesiastical site · Tipperary · 1269

    In 1269 Archbishop David Maccanvill expelled the Benedictine monks from Hore Abbey and installed Cistercians, granting them Glankeen. The abbey enjoyed livings at Railstown and Lismolin, and its principal mill was at Camas on the Suir, as the abbey's marshy site near Cashel could not support one.

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    in the year 1269, when Archbishop David Maccanvill turned the Benedictine monks out of Hore Abbey and placed therein Cistercians, he granted Glankeen to them. Hore Abbey also enjoyed the livings of Railstown and Lismolin in this diocese, and other spiritual as well as temporal possessions, including several mills, the principal of which was at Camas on the Suir ; their abbey, being in a low marsh near Cashel, could have no mill immediately attached to it. In Kilcooley the land about the abbey was almost as low, but, by forming a large lake, the monks appear to have provided themselves with a fall of water and a

    Hore Abbey.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 151

    As the companion tells it

    In 1269, Archbishop David Maccanvill turned the Benedictine monks out of Hore Abbey and placed Cistercians there. He granted them Glankeen. The abbey also held the livings of Railstown and Lismolin, along with other spiritual and temporal possessions, including several mills. Their principal mill stood at Camas on the Suir, because the abbey itself sat in a low marsh near Cashel and could have no mill of its own. At Kilcooley, where the land was almost as low, the monks appear to have formed a large lake to give themselves a fall of water.

22. Killin cromleac and stone circles in parish of Kane

    Killin · townland · Louth

    A cromleac at Killin in the parish of Kane had its covering stone split up to make gate-posts. It is associated with stone circles and is more of a kistvaen than a cromleac, with a flat flag forming a cover to a chamber.

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    I have before alluded to a cromleac at Killin, in the parish of Kane, the covering stone of which was split up to make gate-posts. Now, you will sec from the sketch in Louthiana (book iii., plate 6) that it is quite different from the Ballymascanlan one. In fact, though I have given a

    (2) The Irish spelling is " Lios mheilghe." It lies in the townland of Drumbilla. The names might be more correctly spelt Drumvilla and Lisvilla.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 234

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Killin there was a cromleac in the parish of Kane. Its covering stone was split up to make gate-posts. A sketch of it appears in Louthiana, in book 3, plate 6, and it is quite different from the one at Ballymascanlan.

23. Kingdom of Cork Subjected to Tribute in 1172

    Cork · city · Cork · 1172

    Upon the arrival of the English, Cork operated as an independent kingdom under Diarmud, king of Cork or Desmond. In 1172, Diarmud subjected his kingdom to yearly tribute to Henry II.

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    I have mentioned the FitzGeralds as being so powerful in the diocese of Cloyne, now we turn our attention to the McCarthys. On the arrival of the English, Cork was a kingdom in itself. Diarmud, king of Cork, or Desmond, subjected his kingdom to yearly tribute to Henry II., anno 1172. This kingdom comprised all the country between Lismore and Brandon hills in Kerry, and the county of Cork, and the western parts of Waterford. According to the Abbe MacGeoghegan, Hist, of Ireland, that if regard be had to primogeniture and seniority of descent, the McCarthy family is the first in Ireland. Long before the oldest royal European families, Cormac McCarthy was bishop-king of Munster. The late Sir Bernard Burke writes: — "Few, if any, pedigrees in the British Empire can be traced to a more remote or exalted source than that of the Celtic house of McCarthy. They held at least the title of king

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 288

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this was once a kingdom in itself. When the English arrived, Diarmud was king of Cork, or Desmond. In 1172 he subjected his kingdom to yearly tribute to Henry the Second. His kingdom stretched across all the country between Lismore and Brandon hills in Kerry, the county of Cork, and the western parts of Waterford. The McCarthys ruled here. According to the Abbe MacGeoghegan, if regard be had to primogeniture and seniority of descent, the McCarthy family is the first in Ireland. Long before the oldest royal European families, Cormac McCarthy was bishop-king of Munster. The late Sir Bernard Burke writes that few, if any, pedigrees in the British Empire can be traced to a more remote or exalted source than that of the Celtic house of McCarthy. They held at least the title of king.

24. Large human bones unearthed near Bouchaill-brege pillar-stone

    Knockroe · townland · Limerick · 1829

    During excavations at Knockroe in 1829, a quantity of human bones of unusually large size were unearthed near the pillar-stone called Bouchaill-brege, meaning 'the lying or deceptive boy,' which resembles a man from a distance.

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    Iaudden. — Mr. Lynch promises " some interesting items about this parish." I would draw attention to a line of pillar-stones known in this locality as ligautis, only four of which remain in situ, between the stone circle on the summit of Knockroe (six hundred feet high) in that parish, and the chief circle of Lough Gur, four miles and a quarter distant. The first stone on the top of Knockroe is called Bouchaill-brege ; the second, close to the ancient road from Limerick to Cork, called Boherligaun, is one mile from Bouchaill-brege ; the third called Cloghligaun, also close to the road, is a quarter of a mile from number two, and number four is ninety perches from number three. They are all conglomerate, a stone not common in this district. A straight line from number one and two will cross the Camoge River at a ford near the ancient friary, called Ballinabratherbeg, and will strike the large stone circle at Lough Gur. A line from number one and three and four will also cross the river near the ford, and will strike the large pillar-stone at paddock hill (see Journal, July, 1895). I may add that the stone circle on the summit of Knockroe was almost destroyed in the year 1829 by the proprietor of the lands, who erected a turret almost on its site to commemorate Catholic Emancipation, which fell to the ground last spring. In the excavations made at that time a quantity of human bones of au unusually large size were unearthed near the pillar-stone known as Bouchaill-brege, i.e., "the lying or deceptive boy," as this stone presents the appearance of a man from a distance. Some thirty years ago an old man informed me that "in the ould ancient times two giants lived in the neighbourhood ; one had his stronghold at Lough Gur and the other at Knockroe, and having a bit of a falling out began to pelt stones at one another, and sure the ligauns are there to this day. They kilt one another in the long run, and one is buried under the Bouchaill-brege and the other at Lough Gur." As Grange Hill, some five hundred feet high, intervenes between the stone circles at Lough Gur and on the summit of Knockroe,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 259

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around Knockroe, six hundred feet up, stood a stone circle, and beside it a pillar-stone called Bouchaill-brege, meaning "the lying or deceptive boy," because from a distance it looks like a man. In 1829, the proprietor of these lands nearly destroyed the stone circle on the summit. He built a turret on nearly the same spot to commemorate Catholic Emancipation, and that turret has since fallen to the ground. During the excavations for that work, a quantity of human bones of unusually large size were unearthed near Bouchaill-brege. It is the first of four pillar-stones, all conglomerate, a stone not common in this district, set in a line from here toward the great stone circle at Lough Gur, four and a quarter miles away. The second lies close to the ancient road from Limerick to Cork, called Boherligaun, a mile from the first. The third, called Cloghligaun, also close to that road, is a quarter mile from the second, and the fourth is ninety perches from the third. About thirty years before this account was written, an old man told a story. He said that "in the ould ancient times two giants lived in the neighbourhood." One had his stronghold at Lough Gur and the other on the hill here. They had a falling out and began to pelt stones at one another, and "the ligauns are there to this day." They killed one another in the end, and one is buried under Bouchaill-brege and the other at Lough Gur. Grange Hill, some five hundred feet high, stands between the two stone circles.

25. Ludden parish identified with Lothian and mythic Lodan

    Ludden · parish · Limerick

    The author identified the parish of Ludden near Caherconlish with Lothian and with Lodan, a figure connected to the Tuatha Dé Danann. The 'learned Lodan' was father of Sinann, the heroine of the Shannon legend, linking the parish name to mythological tradition.

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    Dineley gives a copy of inscription on a mural tablet in Caherconlish church, erected in memory of Lady Ingoldsby, wife to Sir George Ingoldsby, of Bally bricken Castle, near Caherconlish, and daughter to James Gould (or Gold), Second Justice of Minister in 1600, to whom belonged Ludclen Castle, near Caherconlish. In a future number I hope to be able to lay before the readers of the Journal some interesting items concerning the parish of Ludden. At present I shall merely state that I have succeeded in identifying Ludden with Lothian, a name which the " Grand Old Man " has made so familiar to us, and with Lodan, a very well-known name connected with our de Danann friends ; the " learned Lodan " was father of Sinann, the heroine of the Shannon (l) legend.

    (1) Many fanciful derivations have been given of the name Shannon. Cormac MacCuillennain explains it as being from scan, "old," and abhain, "a river." Ptolemy writes the names Senos, which, by dropping the Greek affix, gives the root sen, which occurs in many river names, and means "water" or "river;" for example, in Sequana, old name of Seine, in Samar (now Somme) and Morning Star of Limerick, Sebethus, Selinus, Selleis, in which the 11 has become // Sena (now Nevola), Senones, name of a tribe in Gaul; Siris (now Sinno), Serus, and many others; Su in Turkish means "water"; Sen (or Se) is connected with tan, ti, or te, another fruitful river formative. It occurs in Tiber, Tigris, Tagus, Tanus, Tanarus, Tanager, Tamesis (now Thames), Tees, Tay, and numerous other river names; also in Irish, Tiobraid, which properly means "water flowing from a well." Tan has become Dan in Danube, Dneiper, Dneister, Don, Dineen in Kilkenny, etc. Ti occurs in the names of many Indo- China rivers. The rules of ellipsis in Irish grammar explain the retention or assimilation of the 11. The river which Ptolemy however calls Senos may not be the present Shannon, and I think it is not. The river which he calls Dur seems

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 223

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Ludden lies near Caherconlish, and a writer in the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society set out to trace its name. He identified Ludden with Lothian, the name made familiar by what he called the Grand Old Man, and with Lodan, a figure connected to the Tuatha Dé Danann. The learned Lodan, he said, was father of Sinann, the heroine of the Shannon legend. So this parish name reaches back into mythological tradition, linking a Limerick place to a story at the root of Ireland's greatest river. The writer also recorded a mural tablet in Caherconlish church, placed in memory of Lady Ingoldsby, wife of Sir George Ingoldsby of Ballybricken Castle, and daughter of James Gould, Second Justice of Munster in 1600, to whom Ludclen Castle belonged. As for the name Shannon itself, many derivations have been offered. Cormac MacCuillennain explained it as from scan, meaning old, and abhain, meaning a river. Ptolemy wrote the name Senos, which drops a Greek ending to give the root sen, found in many river names, meaning water or river. It appears in Sequana, the old name of the Seine, and in the Somme, once called Samar. The same root connects to tan, ti, and te, further river formatives seen in the Tiber, the Tagus, the Thames, and the Tay. Tan became Dan in the Danube, the Don, and others. But the writer added a caution: the river Ptolemy called Senos may not be the present Shannon, and he thought it was not.

26. March from Castlelyons to Cork city, 1642

    Castlelyons · town · Cork · 1642

    On 8 March, Lord President and Colonel Lanester marched their forces from Castle Lyons to the city of Cork, arriving in time as Lord Muskerry had wasted the countryside and was very strong.

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    Thursday the eighth of March, my Lord President and Colonell Lanester and their forces, marched from Castle Lyons to the cittey of Corke, and they gott into the citty in good tyme, for the President Lord of Mouskery had waysted his countrey and was very

    marches to strong. The strongest castle his Lordship hath, wherein he usually liveth is with in three miles of the citty : the name of it is Castle Blarney.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 177

    As the companion tells it

    Castlelyons is the town the road passes through or near. On the eighth of March 1642, the Lord President and Colonel Lanester marched their forces from Castle Lyons to the city of Cork. They got into the city in good time, for Lord Muskerry had wasted his country and was very strong. The strongest castle his lordship had, where he usually lived, was within three miles of the city. The name of it was Castle Blarney.

27. Mellifont, first Irish Cistercian monastery

    Mellifont · townland · Louth · 1142

    Mellifont in county Louth was the first Cistercian monastery founded in Ireland, established through the influence of St. Bernard with St. Malachy. It became the mother house of several other Irish abbeys including Hore Abbey.

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    to talk but little and to be constant in religious exercises night and day; they should accept no gifts of churches, altars, or tithes, and were to refrain from intermeddling with the pastoral office ; the lay or " bearded" brethren attended to all secular affairs. Their abbeys should be planted in lonely out-of-the-way places, with the full consent of the bishop of the diocese, and were to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, for she it was who showed the second abbot the pattern of the white dress the Order should wear. Such were the regulations of the Abbey of Cistercium — the mother of all Cistercian abbeys; her daughters rapidly increased throughout Europe. St. Bernard joined the order 1 1 1 3 and gave it an immense stimulus, and to his influence with St Malachy we owe our first Irish Cistercian monastery of Mellifont in the

    252 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 149

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Mellifont, the first Cistercian monastery in Ireland, established in 1142 through the influence of St. Bernard with St. Malachy. They were to talk little and be constant in religious exercises night and day. They accepted no gifts of churches, altars, or tithes, and refrained from the pastoral office. The lay, bearded brethren attended to secular affairs. Their abbeys were planted in lonely, out-of-the-way places, with the consent of the bishop of the diocese, and were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. She showed the second abbot the pattern of the white dress the Order should wear. Cistercium was the mother of all Cistercian abbeys, and her daughters rapidly increased throughout Europe. St. Bernard joined the order and gave it immense stimulus, and to his influence with St. Malachy we owe this house. It became the mother house of several Irish abbeys, including Hore Abbey.

28. Murdering-hole at Blarney Castle's peel entrance

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    At the original entrance door of the peel at Blarney Castle, about ten feet above ground level, there are indications of an opening in the ceiling interpreted as a 'murdering-hole.' A similar feature survives inside the entrance door of the main building.

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    Viewing the great tower from the north as one approaches it from the railway station, a perpendicular slit appears running down the centre of the northern face of the castle from just below the parapet to just above the window of the earl's bedroom. The blocks forming the west side of this slit are plainly coigne stones, and they make and mark the north-east angle of the original tower. The peel never flanked the north side of the addition as it does the west side of it. This is proved by an examination of the newer work (five-sixths of the whole pile) which, with the exception of the spur at the south-east angle and a few minor internal details, is palpably all of one date. The reason the slit does not run either above or below the points indicated is — first, that the present parapet of the peel was built when the watch turret on its north-east pinnacle was altered to suit the height of the newer pile, and that consequently the whole of the parapet along the higher part of the northern face of the keep is of one date ; and second, that the wall of the original baily (or courtyard), which was built at the same time as the peel, was incorporated with the lower part of the mass of the newer pile at the north side over the cliff. It is probable that weathering has had much to do with the slit being so distinctly visible, for it does not appear inside the castle. Approaching the castle from the east, when one enters the keep and goes a short way up the large newel stair (which is placed in the north-east angle of the newer work) and along the passage which leads from it towards the earl's bedroom, on coming to the six steps (opening to the right of the passage) a glance upwards discloses the fact that this staircase has been quarried through the wall. The uppermost of these half a dozen steps opens on the original newel stair of the peel, and a few steps down lands one at the bottom of this stair, locally called " the black stairs." Standing with the back to the window (which is modern), to the left is seen the place where the original entrance door of the peel was, its sill being about ten feet above the level of the ground ; and, I think, there are indications of an opening in the ceiling, and that here was a " murdering-hole," similar to the one still to be seen immediately inside the entrance door of the main building. The lower part of the peel is solid, in which particular it differs from the addition, which is hollow down to the rock on which it stands. Opposite the site of this entrance is a jamb of the original door into what eventually became the earl's bedroom, but which at first was probably the guardroom. This doorway was built up to give wall space for the head of the bed, and the little passage which leads to the present door in the division wall was scooped out of the main wall (at this part very thick)

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 199

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Blarney Castle, and its great tower keeps a detail you might pass without noticing. If you were to approach from the railway station and look at the northern face, a perpendicular slit runs down the centre, from just below the parapet to just above the window of the earl's bedroom. The blocks on the west side of that slit are coigne stones, and they mark the north-east angle of the original tower. The peel never flanked the north side of the later addition the way it does the west side. Coming at the castle from the east, you enter the keep and go a short way up the large newel stair, set in the north-east angle of the newer work. Along the passage towards the earl's bedroom, six steps open to the right. A glance upwards shows this staircase was quarried through the wall. The uppermost step opens onto the original newel stair of the peel, and a few steps down land you at the bottom, locally called the black stairs. Standing with your back to the modern window, to the left is the place where the original entrance door of the peel stood. Its sill sits about 10 feet above ground level. There are indications of an opening in the ceiling, and here was a murdering-hole, similar to the one still visible immediately inside the entrance door of the main building. The lower part of the peel is solid, unlike the addition, which is hollow down to the rock it stands on. Opposite the site of this entrance is a jamb of the original door into what eventually became the earl's bedroom, but which at first was probably the guardroom. That doorway was built up to give wall space for the head of the bed, and the little passage leading to the present door was scooped out of the very thick main wall.

29. Muskerry Yeomanry muster roll's religious mix

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1795–1796

    The Yeomanry force raised to counter the United Irishmen insurrection was mostly Protestant but included Catholics, as shown by the muster roll of the Muskerry body. By the time the force was established it reached thirty-seven thousand volunteers throughout Ireland.

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    Lord Camden, the lord lieutenant, by care and wisdom managed for two years to stave off an open outbreak ; but his measures lacked the force necessary to quell the angry passions of the time. The Government had information that in 1795 the plans of insurrection had been nearly perfected ; to meet which the authorities had scarcely any English troops, and only about ten thousand invalids and fencibles, and a militia who were almost to a man members of the society of United Irishmen. Informers told how Lord Edward Fitzgerald and others had met General Hoche and arranged for a French invasion, and that there existed a body of two hundred thousand men already officered, of whom one hundred and fifty thousand had been provided with pikes or muskets. It became then absolutely necessary for Government to raise a trustworthy force, and this force was the Yeomanry, consisting mostly of Protestants, but containing a good admixture of the other religion also, as the mustei roll of the Muskerry body, among others, shows. Their numbers, all being volunteers, soon reached thirty-seven thousand throughout Ireland. Orangemen were strictly excluded by the Lord Lieutenant.

    The pages of Musgrave and Maxwell detail many of the massacres and horrors committed by the insurgents at this period ; that there were sharp retaliatory acts, unmerciful whippings, and short shrift, miscalled justice, on the other side, cannot be doubted. The foregoing hasty sketch of the times immediately precedent may serve partly t<> explain the cause of the intense bitterness of the opposing parties in Ireland which led to those unhappy deeds. May our country learn the le taught by its history, and may its people under equal laws become a united people, as did the conquered Anglo-Saxon and the conquering Normans in England many centuries a

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 118

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, a Yeomanry body was raised in 1795 and 1796, one of many across Ireland meant to counter the United Irishmen. The lord lieutenant, Lord Camden, had managed for two years to stave off an open outbreak, but his measures lacked the force to quell the angry passions of the time. The government had information that in 1795 the plans of insurrection were nearly perfected. Against this, the authorities had scarcely any English troops, only about 10,000 invalids and fencibles, and a militia who were almost to a man members of the United Irishmen. Informers told how Lord Edward Fitzgerald and others had met General Hoche and arranged for a French invasion, and that there existed a body of 200,000 men already officered, of whom 150,000 had been provided with pikes or muskets. It became absolutely necessary for the government to raise a trustworthy force. That force was the Yeomanry. It consisted mostly of Protestants, but contained a good admixture of the other religion also, as the muster roll of the Muskerry body, among others, shows. Their numbers, all being volunteers, soon reached 37,000 throughout Ireland. Orangemen were strictly excluded by the lord lieutenant. The pages of Musgrave and Maxwell detail many of the massacres and horrors committed by the insurgents at this period. There were sharp retaliatory acts too, unmerciful whippings, and short shrift miscalled justice, on the other side.

30. Old Countess's deed of assignment of Inchiquin Castle

    Inchiquin · townland · Cork · 1515

    In 1515 the Old Countess of Desmond emerged from obscurity and made a deed of assignment surrendering the castle and town of Inchiquine to the Earl of Desmond, attempting to save the estate should he come to grief with the government. The earl in turn assigned it to a Mr. John Synotte, though the Countess continued to live at Inchiquin.

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    Sir Maurice Duff was rather gratified that his estate should be in the neighbourhood of his greatest enemies, the McCarthys, where his brother deemed that " he might have enough to do with and between them, that he might not have or enjoy leisure to practise any mischief against him " (the carl). For thirty years Sir Maurice " held play against all those that did oppose him," of whom there were many, until in his eightieth year he was slain in Muskerry by the horsemen of his son-inlaw, Sir Dermod McCarthy/^) The Old Countess of Desmond was left unmolested by the members of the new line until 15 15, when she emerged from the obscurity of her life, and made a deed of assignment by which she declared that " for good considerations me moving I have given, granted, and surrendered the said castle and town of Inchiquine to the Right Honorable Gerrot Earl of Desmond, now enjoying reversion of the premises." Mr. Sainthill wrote, that this being in reality an attempt to save the estate for the earl should he come to grief with the government, he in turn assigned it pro forma to some adherent of his party, a Mr. John Synotte, though the Old Countess continued to live at Inchiquin as usual. The earl being a rebel at that period, when the act of his attainder was passed, this arrangement was ignored by the English government, who granted the manor of Inchiquin to Sir Walter Raleigh, subject to the life-charge of the Countess Katherine, she having been in enjoyment of her jointure long before Garrett came to the earldom of Desmond.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Inchiquin Castle. In 1515, the Old Countess of Desmond came out of the obscurity of her life and made a deed of assignment. She declared that 'for good considerations me moving I have given, granted, and surrendered the said castle and town of Inchiquine to the Right Honorable Gerrot Earl of Desmond, now enjoying reversion of the premises.' She was trying to save the estate for the earl should he come to grief with the government. The earl in turn assigned it in form only to a Mr. John Synotte, a supporter of his party. But the Old Countess carried on living at Inchiquin as she always had. The earl was a rebel in those days, and when his attainder was passed, the English government ignored the whole arrangement. They granted the manor of Inchiquin to Sir Walter Raleigh, subject to a life-charge for the Countess Katherine, since she had been enjoying her jointure long before Garrett ever came to the earldom of Desmond. Before all this, Sir Maurice Duff had held this estate for thirty years against all who opposed him, until his eightieth year, when he was slain in Muskerry by the horsemen of his own son-in-law, Sir Dermod McCarthy.

31. Orrery barony: etymology of Orbraidhe 'race of Orb'

    Orrery and Kilmore · barony · Cork

    The Cork barony of Orrery derives its name from Orbraidhe, meaning 'race of Orb,' where the element orb may be allied to the root 'ar,' meaning 'to plough.' The author traces orb back to a prehistoric root signifying 'to plant, to sow,' connecting it to broader Indo-European agricultural terminology.

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    Ugaine, king of Erin, who was slain there ; and from this we see that cliu represents the Latin clades, "slaughter." Mai means "great," and is cognate with Latin mons, "a high hill." Ugaine denotes "begotten" of U or Hu, and this root is the same as Cu, to "beget "or "create." Humore, "great father," was the mythic progenitor of the Firbolgs (the Belgre or "English folk"), and Hu was the mythic chief who led the Cymri from Dafrobane to Wales. Many derivations of Britain are given. I now give one which has occurred to myself. Britain, I think, represents a prehistoric word whose stem is berid, which means "land," and is to be traced to ber, meaning "water." The same root occurs in Berba, one of the names of the mythic Cesar. Dr. Joyce says, " It is now vain to conjecture what the origin of Fodla and Banba (two old names of Ireland) might be." Nil desperandnm. I take Fodla to represent such a form as Fod-erid, and Fod means "knowledge," though here it might mean "knowledge deified.'" The same root occurs in Odin or IVodin, hence our Wednesday. Vodj is the Norse root signifying " to know"; the Irish Jiss, "knowledge,'" belongs to the same root. With regard to Banba, I cognate it with Venus, " the earth rising from the waters." Ba denotes "being" or "quality of existence," and a secondary meaning " to produce." Bodb derg mac in Dagda was the king of the Tuatha de Danand. His name signifies " Red Knowledge, son of the teaching god." Bodb is the northern Odin or IVodin, and was probably introduced into Ireland by very early settlers from the north. In Celtic Romances, Dr. Joyce gives " great good fire" as a probable meaning of Dagda. It is better however to cognate dag with the root of SetKvvui and With regard to the meaning of Danand, this word lias for nominative Danu, perhaps from da, "to move," hence water; also, "to think, judge, etc." So the Danair or Danes were seamen. Manannan is a very interesting name. I take the root to be man, from ma, "to make," which signifies "the thinking faculty." It occurs in " minos," " menelaus," "mentor," etc. Manannan I equate with Manu, the hero of the Indian Flood legend, who threw clarified butter, milk, curds, and whey into the waters which formed the new earth. The reason why Manannan's name is attached to the Isle of Man seems to me to be on account of a flood which broke away the land connection between Ireland and England, and of which connection the the Isle of Man is a relic. The reason why Manannan's name is connected with Loch Corrib is on account of a flood which came from the north of the lake where it is very deep, and overwhelmed a fertile southern district. Near the south side of the lake Orbsen's (or Manannan's) grave was placed. The myth has reversed the course of the waters, for it says it was from Orbsen's grave Loch Orbsen sprang, but this could not be, for Orbsen is to be connected with "salvation from water," and not "destruction by water." Orbsen signifies " old heir," but orb must be traced back to some prehistoric root signifying "to plant, to sow." Orb occurs in the name of Cork barony Orrery, that is, Orbraidhe, "race of Orb"; it may perhaps be allied to the root ar, " to plough," which is found in many languages. Manannan is connected witli Cnoc Aine under the name Eogabhal, which signifies "grasper of knowledge," and he is here on account of a flood which once devastated a large portion of county Limerick, the high hill of Cnoc Aine alone appearing above it, so that rightly Aine is said t" be the daughter of Manannan, as Ida in the Hindu legend is the daughter of Manu. I think there must have been a sudden subsidence ot land owing to the volcanic eruptions at Loch Gair, and then, according to the myth, the waters burst forth from the magic well. The people who argued these changes, these formations of rivers, these burstings forth of lakes, have sent down to us their accounts. Ireland was not inhabited in the volcanic period, for there are no myths which might be referred to volcanoes. Yes, I think these myths, these tales of our grand old race are real.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    This barony you are passing through, Orrery and Kilmore in Cork, takes its name from Orbraidhe, which means the race of Orb. The word orb, according to the author of this study, must be traced back to some prehistoric root signifying to plant, to sow. He suggests it may be allied to the root ar, meaning to plough, a root found in many languages. The same element orb appears in the name Orbsen, another name for Manannan, the mythic figure connected with the Isle of Man and with Loch Corrib. Orbsen is said to signify old heir, but the author argues that orb in that name too reaches back toward the same agricultural meaning, toward planting and sowing, not merely inheritance. Near the south side of Loch Corrib, the myth places Orbsen's grave, and says that Loch Orbsen sprang from it. The author calls this a reversal, for Orbsen is connected with salvation from water, not destruction by water. The broader argument here is that names like Orrery carry an old vocabulary of the land itself, of ploughing and planting, embedded in them from a prehistoric layer of language shared across Indo-European tongues. The people who watched rivers form and lakes burst forth sent down their accounts in these names, and the author believes these tales of the old race are real.

32. Pierce de Lacy of Bruff: turbulent Desmond Rebellion chief

    Bruff · town · Limerick

    Honor, daughter of Conor O'Mulrian, chief of Uaithne, was first married to de Lacy of Bruff, by whom she had Pierce de Lacy, described as one of the most turbulent chiefs of the Desmond Rebellion. Her second husband was Richard Burke.

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    first Lord Castleconnel and Captain of Clanwilliam. John Burke's mother was Honor, daughter of Conor O'Mulrian, chief of Uaithne. Richard Burke was Honor's second husband, as she had been first married to de Lacy of Bruff, by whom she had Pierce de Lacy, one of the most turbulent chiefs of the Desmond Rebellion. John Burke married Grace, daughter of Sir George Thornton, one of the chief officers of the English army under Sir George Carew. With Sir George Thornton for a fatherin-law and a restless spirit like de Lacy for half-brother, John Burke's lot was not a happy one. He seems to me to have been a man without much strength of will, and to have danced to the piping of such opposite tunes as those played by Thornton and de Lacy. The following extract is taken from Pacata Hibernia : —

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 254

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Bruff sits along this road, and its name belongs to a family caught up in the Desmond Rebellion. Honor was the daughter of Conor O'Mulrian, chief of Uaithne. She was first married to de Lacy of Bruff, and by him she had a son, Pierce de Lacy. He is remembered as one of the most turbulent chiefs of the Desmond Rebellion. Honor's second husband was Richard Burke, and together they had a son, John Burke. John married Grace, daughter of Sir George Thornton, one of the chief officers of the English army under Sir George Carew. So John Burke stood between two opposing forces: his father-in-law Thornton on the English side, and his half-brother Pierce de Lacy, that restless rebel. The record calls him a man without much strength of will, who danced to the piping of such opposite tunes.

33. Raithlenn identification fixes birthplace of St. Finnbarr

    Gurranes · townland · Cork

    The identification of Raithlenn in the townland of Gurranes also establishes the birthplace of St. Finnbarr, whose father Amergin was smith to Tighearnach, king of Raithlenn, and whose mother was a ward of the king.

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    tovvnland of Gurranes, about six or seven miles by road north of Bandon, and about three miles south-east of Crookstown station on the Macroom line. This portion of the townland was known by the old people as K4t;-K47r;lju. Probably the small rath on its western side is the one called after Brian's daughter, Sadhbh, 4)110 SAirb 4t) "OUT} yo t)&\i, " Sadhbh's court is this western court." H<xt eujlcjnn was called after CUjlcerjn, Cian's harper ; it still exists and gives its name to the townland lying north of Raithlenn. 4)1111 "Cfl4J5r)e-4jl), " Draighnean's Fort,'; was called after Cian's trumpeter ; it stood on the limestone rock where Castlemore was afterwards built. The site of Dun Drinane church is still pointed out adjacent to the castle on the east side. A portion of the cemetery was lately discovered at the foot of the rock in clearing a farm yard. This place lies two and a half miles in a straight line north-west of Raithlenn. The Ford of the Spoils on the east must have been near where the public road now crosses the stream, north-east of the great rath. The Rath of the Poets, the Rath of the Women, the Rath of Cuan O Lochain (the ollamh), the Rath of the doorkeeper (Dubhthach), stood inside the grounds of Gurranes House, east of high road, and were levelled, and their underground chambers filled with clay within the recollection of the labourers I met there some thirty years ago. The top of the inside rampart of Rath-Raithlenn was covered with small mounds containing cinerary urns, which were broken and their fragments scattered about, doubtless by treasure-seekers. A large number of raths still remain at a little distance to the south and east. These must have been the residences of the guards and military followers of the king. I discovered an ogham stone in one of them; it has some twenty-seven letters, well preserved, and lies where it was found, about half a mile south of the central rath. This identification of Raithlenn fixes also the birthplace of St. Finnbarr, as his father, Amergin, was smith to Tighearnach, the king of Raithlenn, and his mother a ward of the king. I suggest that this district offers a rich field for exploration; its chief features are still preserved. We have records carrying its history back to the dawn of Christianity, and it may have existed long before.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 259

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is the place once called Raithlenn, and identifying it fixes the birthplace of St. Finnbarr. His father, Amergin, was smith to Tighearnach, the king of Raithlenn, and his mother was a ward of the king. This district lies about six or seven miles north of Bandon, and about three miles south-east of Crookstown station on the Macroom line. There was a great central rath here, and around it stood many others. The Rath of the Poets, the Rath of the Women, and the Rath of Cuan O Lochain, the ollamh, all stood inside the grounds of Gurranes House, east of the high road. They were levelled and their underground chambers filled with clay within living memory of the labourers. The top of the inside rampart of Rath-Raithlenn was covered with small mounds holding cinerary urns, which were broken and scattered, likely by treasure-seekers. A number of raths still remain to the south and east, which must have been the residences of the king's guards and military followers. An ogham stone with about 27 well-preserved letters was found in one of them, and lies where it was found, about half a mile south of the central rath. The records here carry the history back to the dawn of Christianity, and it may have existed long before.

34. Silver-gilt chalices from Ardfert Abbey

    Ardfert · town · Kerry · 1610–1741

    Silver-gilt chalices from Ardfert Abbey were exhibited at the Cork conversazione among the consecrated vessels of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers.

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    The display of exhibits was of an extensive and comprehensive character, and illustrated to a large degree the scope and resources of the joint societies associated with the conversazione. Both the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club were represented by many exhibitors, whose specimens drawn from nature and art, were antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., without whom no exhibitions of the class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 17S2 and 1796, and many other curiosities. He was only represented by a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson, of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java ; gold medal for Salamanca ; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign of 1S01, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, which is in a wonderful of preservation. There were also to be seen in Mr. Day's collection a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. A rare exhibit were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silvergilt, date 1614; chalices, silver-gilt, dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, 1741, etc., from the

    184 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Ardfert, this town holds a story tied to silver and worship. At a conversazione held by the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club, exhibits were gathered from many collectors, drawn from nature and art, antique, rare, or costly. Among them were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These consecrated vessels were enclosed in a glass case, and some were said to be of almost priceless value. The collection included a silver-gilt ciborium dated 1614, and silver-gilt chalices bearing the dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, and 1741. These chalices came from Ardfert Abbey. They stood alongside other rare exhibits in the display: early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments, and flags of the Cork Volunteers with medals and regimental decorations shown by Mr. Robert Day. Mr. Day also exhibited the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, described as being in wonderful preservation. But the chalices from Ardfert were something apart. Consecrated vessels gathered for display, their silver-gilt surfaces carrying dates that spanned more than a century of worship. A ciborium, chalices, all enclosed in glass, all consecrated, and some of almost priceless value.

35. Silver-gilt chalices from Buttevant Abbey

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1610–1741

    Silver-gilt chalices from Buttevant Abbey were exhibited at the Cork conversazione as part of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers' collection of consecrated vessels.

    Read the passage

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    The display of exhibits was of an extensive and comprehensive character, and illustrated to a large degree the scope and resources of the joint societies associated with the conversazione. Both the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club were represented by many exhibitors, whose specimens drawn from nature and art, were antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., without whom no exhibitions of the class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 17S2 and 1796, and many other curiosities. He was only represented by a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson, of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java ; gold medal for Salamanca ; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign of 1S01, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, which is in a wonderful of preservation. There were also to be seen in Mr. Day's collection a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. A rare exhibit were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silvergilt, date 1614; chalices, silver-gilt, dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, 1741, etc., from the

    184 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    Buttevant in Cork has a connection to sacred vessels that once saw use in its abbey. At a conversazione, the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club mounted a display of extensive and comprehensive character, illustrating the scope and resources of the joint societies. Exhibitors showed specimens drawn from nature and art, antique, rare, or costly. Robert Day, without whom no exhibition of the class would be complete, showed flags of the Cork Volunteers, Yeomanry decorations, and a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. He was represented by only a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. Among the rarest exhibits were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some were of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silver-gilt, dated 1614, and silver-gilt chalices dated 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, and 1741, from the friaries. These consecrated vessels stood among the many curiosities of the display, their silver-gilt surfaces carrying dates that placed them in the years between 1610 and 1741. The exhibition gave them a setting where antiquity and devotion met the broader collections of the two societies.

36. Silver-gilt chalices from Timoleague Abbey

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1610–1741

    Silver-gilt chalices, some of almost priceless value, were exhibited at the Cork conversazione from the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers' collection. These included chalices originating from Timoleague Abbey.

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    The display of exhibits was of an extensive and comprehensive character, and illustrated to a large degree the scope and resources of the joint societies associated with the conversazione. Both the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club were represented by many exhibitors, whose specimens drawn from nature and art, were antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., without whom no exhibitions of the class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 17S2 and 1796, and many other curiosities. He was only represented by a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson, of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java ; gold medal for Salamanca ; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign of 1S01, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, which is in a wonderful of preservation. There were also to be seen in Mr. Day's collection a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. A rare exhibit were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silvergilt, date 1614; chalices, silver-gilt, dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, 1741, etc., from the

    184 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Timoleague, in Cork, is connected to a collection of silver-gilt chalices shown at a conversazione in Cork. The chalices came from the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silver-gilt, dated 1614, and chalices, silver-gilt, with dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, and 1741, among others. These chalices originated from the abbey. The conversazione was held by the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club. The display was extensive and comprehensive, with specimens drawn from nature and art, antique, rare, or costly. Robert Day showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers, and many other curiosities. He was represented by only a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were a gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson of the 1st Battalion of the 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java; a gold medal for Salamanca; and a gold medal for the Egyptian campaign, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, in a wonderful state of preservation. His collection also included a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments.

37. Silver-gilt chalices from Youghal Abbey

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1610–1741

    Silver-gilt chalices from Youghal Abbey were among the consecrated vessels exhibited at the Cork conversazione, drawn from the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers' collection.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The display of exhibits was of an extensive and comprehensive character, and illustrated to a large degree the scope and resources of the joint societies associated with the conversazione. Both the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club were represented by many exhibitors, whose specimens drawn from nature and art, were antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., without whom no exhibitions of the class would be complete, showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with the medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 17S2 and 1796, and many other curiosities. He was only represented by a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson, of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java ; gold medal for Salamanca ; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign of 1S01, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, which is in a wonderful of preservation. There were also to be seen in Mr. Day's collection a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments. A rare exhibit were the chalices of the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silvergilt, date 1614; chalices, silver-gilt, dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, 1741, etc., from the

    184 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Youghal, the town's past includes sacred vessels that once belonged to its abbey. Silver-gilt chalices from Youghal Abbey were among the consecrated vessels exhibited at a Cork conversazione, drawn from the Franciscan and Dominican Fathers' collection. These articles, all consecrated, were enclosed in a glass case, and some are of almost priceless value. They included a ciborium, silver-gilt, dated 1614, and chalices, silver-gilt, with dates 1610, 1611, 1632, 1639, and 1741. The exhibition was extensive, organized jointly by the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society and the Cork Naturalists' Field Club. Exhibitors brought specimens drawn from nature and art, antique, rare, or costly. Mr. Robert Day showed the flags of the Cork Volunteers, with medals and regimental decorations of the First Volunteers of 1796, and many other curiosities. He was represented by only a fraction of his well-known collection, but the selections were very interesting. There were flags of the Cork Volunteers and Yeomanry decorations. Among the Volunteer decorations were the C.B. gold star, and cross and gold medal for Java, given to Lieutenant-Colonel James Watson of the 1st Battalion 14th Regiment, who led the storming party at Java; gold medal for Salamanca; gold medal for the Egyptian campaign, given by the Sultan to Robert Fulton, who commanded the 79th Highlanders. A unique exhibit was the standard of the Old Blackpool Horse of 1790, in wonderful preservation. There was also a fine show of early bronze and gold Celtic ornaments.

38. Solemn requiem for Pius IX at St. Mary's Church, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1878

    A solemn requiem high mass was celebrated in St. Mary's Church, Cork, on 12 February 1878 after the death of Pope Pius IX. The sanctuary was draped in black, a catafalque erected, shields depicting events of the Pontiff's reign suspended, and the Papal standard flown at half-mast on the eastern tower.

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    Eight months after this imposing display of love and veneration, the sad news of the Pope's death was flashed by telegraph to the ends of the earth. Pius IX. died on the 7th February, 1878, and, as in the previous June his Episcopal Jubilee was celebrated with every token of joy, so now sorrow was everywhere manifested, and many were the fervent, heartfelt prayers offered for the soul of the deceased Pontiff. A solemn requiem high mass was celebrated in St. Mary's Church on the 12th. The sanctuary and apse were draped in black, and around the high catafalque erected in the centre of the church, as in other parts of the sacred building, were suspended various shields descriptive of the principal events in the reign of His Holiness. On the eastern tower was likewise raised the Papal standard at half-mast. All the churches of the city continued to exhibit signs of mourning until the election of Leo XIII. as universal pastor of the church and bishop of Rome. The new Pope was crowned on the 3rd March, with as much solemnity as was possible under the trying circumstances which then prevailed.

    After an interval of seven years, during which time the Dominicans were governed by a vicar-general, the Most Rev. Joseph Larocca succeeded Father Jandel as master-general of the Order. He was elected in October of this year, and was a man who, like his predecessor, was gifted with the spirit of zeal and prudence.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through the city of Cork. In February 1878, this city marked the death of Pope Pius IX. He had died on the 7th of that month, and the news reached Cork by telegraph. Just eight months earlier, in June, his Episcopal Jubilee had been celebrated with every token of joy. Now sorrow was everywhere manifested, and heartfelt prayers were offered for the soul of the deceased Pontiff. A solemn requiem high mass was celebrated in St. Mary's Church on the 12th of February. The sanctuary and apse were draped in black. A high catafalque was erected in the centre of the church, and around it, as in other parts of the sacred building, shields were suspended, descriptive of the principal events in the reign of His Holiness. On the eastern tower the Papal standard was raised at half-mast. All the churches of the city continued to show signs of mourning until the election of Leo XIII as universal pastor of the church and bishop of Rome. The new Pope was crowned on the 3rd of March, with as much solemnity as was possible under the trying circumstances which then prevailed.

39. Tribute Paid to McCarthys of Muskerry

    near Muskerry · street · Cork

    As an example of the English paying tribute to Irish chieftains to maintain peace, the McCarthys of Muskeny (Muskerry) received £20 per annum from County Cork. This arrangement reflects the nominal nature of English power beyond the Pale during the Wars of the Roses.

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    The Wars of the Roses employed the English at home ; their poss sions in Ireland beyond the Pale, and the cities and towns on the seaboard, were nominal. The early English settlers were more or less independent, and the English paid tribute in several instances to the Irish chieftains to keep the peace with them. Cox, History of Ireland, complains bitterly of this ; among others, the McCarthys of Muskeny received £20 per annum from the county Cork. As an example of the

    498 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 288

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, the McCarthys once received tribute from the English. During the Wars of the Roses, English power in Ireland beyond the Pale was nominal. The early English settlers were more or less independent, and in several instances the English paid tribute to Irish chieftains to keep the peace with them. Cox, in his History of Ireland, complains bitterly of this. Among others, the McCarthys of Muskeny received £20 per annum from County Cork.

40. Yeomen meet again at Macroom amid invasion fears

    Macroom · town · Cork · 1796

    On 3 December 1796, gentlemen and yeomen of East and West Muskerry met again at Macroom to plan for keeping the country quiet and preventing persons from joining the French on their expected descent on the coast of Ireland.

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    The names of such of the members as were then enrolled, and who continued in the 1st troop of Muskerry Cavalry down to 1804, appear on pp. 2, 3 of the present volume. A fuller list in 1799 will appear further on. The orderly books of the corps before 1803 are not known to be now in existence. On 3rd December, 1796, the "gentlemen and yeomen" of East and West Muskerry met again at Macroom, and settled on their plans for keeping the country quiet, and preventing persons from joining the French on their expected descent on the coast of Ireland — a very necessary precaution, for Great Britain, being then at war with France, Spain, and I lolland, had few regular troops to spare for service in Ireland. What the work of the yeomanry was likely then to be, is shown by the capture about that time of an American vessel laden with arms and warlike stores, intended to be landed in this country ; she had on board " twenty thousand stand of arms, sixteen brass cannon with carriages, tumbrils, and every appurtenance for field service, with camp equipage for twenty thousand men." This capture happened opportunely, for on Friday, 23rd December, news reached Cork of a strong French fleet being sighted off Bantry bay. What followed then resembles what happened in England on the news of the Spanish Armada being sighted off the south coast of England ; all citizens capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves among the Loyal Cork Legion, or the Royal Cork Volunteers, who undertook the defence of the city, and sent off members to the different towns in Minister to order in the military there

    Augustus-Louis-Carre Warren, eldest son of Sir Robert Warren, first baronet, so created in 1 7S4. Augustus succeeded as second baronet in 181 1 ; he was M.P. for Cork city 1783-1790, and the first captain of the Muskerry corps. He died in 1821, and was succeeded by his son, Sir Augustus, third baronet, who was captain of the corps when re-embodied in 1822.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 120

    As the companion tells it

    This road brings you past the town of Macroom. On the third of December, 1796, the gentlemen and yeomen of East and West Muskerry met again there, settling on their plans for keeping the country quiet and preventing persons from joining the French on their expected descent on the coast of Ireland. It was a necessary precaution. Great Britain was then at war with France, Spain, and Holland, and had few regular troops to spare for service in Ireland. What the yeomanry's work was likely to be was shown by the capture, about that time, of an American vessel laden with arms and warlike stores intended to be landed in this country. She had on board, in the words of the source, "twenty thousand stand of arms, sixteen brass cannon with carriages, tumbrils, and every appurtenance for field service, with camp equipage for twenty thousand men." The capture happened opportunely. On Friday, the twenty-third of December, news reached Cork of a strong French fleet being sighted off Bantry Bay. What followed resembled what happened in England when the Spanish Armada was sighted off the south coast. All citizens capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves among the Loyal Cork Legion or the Royal Cork Volunteers, who undertook the defence of the city and sent off members to the different towns in Munster to order in the military there.

41. Burning of the Duke of Monmouth's Head sign in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1684

    Edward Webber senior, a Williamite grantee and mayor of Cork in 1684, publicly pulled down and burnt the sign of the 'Duke of Monmouth's Head' with great form and solemnity. This act reflected the political tensions following the Williamite settlement in Cork.

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    6) When mayor he " pulled down the sign of the ' Duke of Monmouth's Head,' lately set up, and caused it to be burnt with great form and solemnity."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 214

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Cork, this is where Edward Webber senior, a Williamite grantee, served as mayor in 1684. When mayor he "pulled down the sign of the Duke of Monmouth's Head, lately set up, and caused it to be burnt with great form and solemnity."

42. Clonakilty parliamentary election of 1713

    Clonakilty · town · Cork · 1713

    In 1713, the sovereign, burgesses, and commonalty of Clonakilty elected Sir Ralph Freke and Brigadier George Freke to serve as burgesses in the upcoming Irish parliament in Dublin. The election was held pursuant to the Queen's writ of summons.

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    Pursuant to a precept directed to the suffrain, burgesses, and ^1 1 ; tv/Ai commonalty of this burrough, returnable on Friday, the 20th day of 9ber next, grounded on her Majesty's writt of summons, to choose two burgesses of the most discrete and sufficient men of the said town to be and appr. at the next parliament to be held at Dublin on the 20th day of 9ber next, wee, the said suffrain and burgesses and comonalty elected and chosen Sr Ralph Freke and Brigadier George Freke to serve in the said parliament, this 28th of 8t>er> 1713. Joseph Jervois, Suffrn-, Arthur Bernard,

    Robert Travers, Robt. Gillman,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 25

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Clonakilty in Cork, you are in a town with an old parliamentary tradition. In 1713, the sovereign, burgesses, and commonalty of this borough elected Sir Ralph Freke and Brigadier George Freke to serve as burgesses in the Irish parliament in Dublin. The election was held under the Queen's writ of summons, and the return was made on the 28th of October 1713. Joseph Jervois was the sovereign at the time, and Arthur Bernard, Robert Travers, and Robert Gillman were among those who signed. The writ called for "two burgesses of the most discrete and sufficient men of the said town."

43. Ancient diocesan boundary at the Coinne stream (Deragoole)

    Ludden · parish · Limerick · 1101

    The stream called the Coinne, now known as Deragoole, flows through Ludden parish and forms part of the boundary between the dioceses of Emly and Limerick, a boundary established at the Synod of Rathbrassel around 1101. The name Lodan, connected with the Tuatha de Danann and the legendary Manannán Mac Lir, is very old.

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    sent one of his monks, Gilbert, to build this monastery, who was accompanied by Eoghan, who acted as interpreter for the monks. The editor of Mat hew Paris, Rev. Henry R. Luard, renders " Ludensis Abbas," Abbot of Louth. The name of this parish is now written Ludden or Lydden, but in the account given by Keating of the proceedings of the synod of Rathbrassel, held about uoi, in which the dioceses were marked out, the boundaries of the diocese of Limerick are held to extend from Maolcarn westward to Ath-an-Coinne Lodain, and to Lough Guhr and Rathachmore. This gives us the word to be Lodan. The Coinne I take to be the little stream now called Deragoole,(6) which flows through Ludden parish, and is part of the boundary between the dioceses of Emly and Limerick. The Coinne is mentioned in the deed by which King Donald O'Brien made over his palace in Limerick to the church for a cathedral, together with certain lands in the county. The chart is given by Fitzgerald and Linehan, so I need not repeat it here ; the words in it which refer to the Coinne are " et a vado Ceinu usque ad flumen Sinam." Coinne may mean " meeting," perhaps because two old territories met at it, and it may thus have served as a territorial boundary long before it was made a diocesan one. Lodan is a very old name connected with the Tuatha de Danand and Cruithne, or Picts. The "learned" Lodan was brother to Manannan MacLir, the Irish Neptune, from whom the Isle of Man is named. In "Harold the Dauntless," Sir Walter Scott gives the old form of Lothian in Scotland to be Lodan. Lot, king of Lodan, was hunchback'd from youth.

    George Buchanan, who wrote a history of Scotland in elegant Latin, says Lothian is derived from Lothus, a king of the Picts, " Lothiana a Lotho Pictorum rege nominata." Scott appears to connect Lodan and Lot. The old form of Louis or Ludwig is Loduwigs. It occurs in the " Declaration of the army of Charles the Bald," A.D. 842.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 274

    As the companion tells it

    The parish you are passing through is Ludden, and its name reaches far back into old legend. In the account Keating gives of the Synod of Rathbrassel, held about 1101, the boundaries of the diocese of Limerick are said to extend from Maolcarn westward to Ath-an-Coinne Lodain, and to Lough Guhr and Rathachmore. That word is Lodan. The Coinne is the little stream now called Deragoole, which flows through Ludden parish and forms part of the boundary between the dioceses of Emly and Limerick. The Coinne is also mentioned in the deed by which King Donald O'Brien gave his palace in Limerick to the church for a cathedral, together with certain lands in the county. The words in that charter referring to the Coinne are, in the original, 'et a vado Ceinu usque ad flumen Sinam.' Coinne may mean 'meeting,' perhaps because two old territories met at it, and it may have served as a territorial boundary long before it became a diocesan one. Lodan is a very old name, connected with the Tuatha de Danann and the Cruithne, or Picts. The learned Lodan was brother to Manannan Mac Lir, the Irish Neptune, from whom the Isle of Man takes its name. In Harold the Dauntless, Sir Walter Scott gives the old form of Lothian in Scotland as Lodan. Lot, king of Lodan, was hunchbacked from youth. George Buchanan, who wrote a history of Scotland in Latin, says Lothian is derived from Lothus, a king of the Picts, in his words 'Lothiana a Lotho Pictorum rege nominata.' Scott appears to connect Lodan and Lot. The old form of Louis or Ludwig is Loduwigs, which occurs in the Declaration of the army of Charles the Bald in 842.

44. Arthur St. Leger MP dies on road to Doneraile

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1689–1727

    Arthur St. Leger, first Viscount Doneraile, created Baron of Kilmaydon in 1703, died suddenly in his chaise on the road between Waterford and Doneraile on 7th July 1727 and was buried at Doneraile. He had been attainted by James II in 1689.

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    He married 24th January, 1690, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Hayes, M.P. {q.v.); she died 1739, anc^ 'ia<^ issue (sce following). He died suddenly in his chaise on the road between Waterford and Doneraile, 7th July, 1727, and was buried at Doneraile. The viscountcy of this creation is extinct.

    St. Leger, Hon. Arthur (afterwards second Viscount Doneraile). M.I'. Doneraile, 1715-27.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 132

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Arthur St. Leger, first Viscount Doneraile, died suddenly in his chaise on the road between Waterford and Doneraile, 7th July 1727, and was buried at Doneraile. Created Baron of Kilmaydon in 1703, attainted by James II in 1689. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Hayes, MP, 24th January 1690. She died 1739. The viscountcy is extinct.

45. Ballytarsna Castle: vanished O'Brien stronghold with ghost stories

    Ballytarsna · townland · Carlow

    The O'Briens' castle at Ballytarsna near Drumkeen was described by Sir George Carew as very strong, not to be won except by cannon, and containing great plenty of grain when the rebels quit it. No stone now remains, but the site is known and numerous ghost stories are told by local people about the eerie place.

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    (0 The O'Briens, of Ballytarsna, "thwart townland," were descended from Donnchadh, or Donogh, second son of Brien Boroimhe. Sir George Carew says it "neere a great Fastnesse," the Knockgrean range, and remarks it was a very strong castle, and "not to be wonne but by the Cannon," the Rebels quitted it at his approach, " and therein was found great plenty of Graine." Not a stone of the castle is now left, but the site is known, and from the numerous ghost stories told by the people, it must be a very eerie place. Further on, at the east side of old Pallas, the O'Briens had another castle built on the top of a tine moat, situated in t lie townland of Cloghadreen, "castle of the blackthorns'' {draeighean). The last stones of this castle were removed very early in the century. This moat is haunted, any amount of

    346 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 202

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Ballytarsna, once stood a castle of the O'Briens. They were descended from Donogh, second son of Brien Boroimhe. Sir George Carew called it a very strong castle, near the Knockgrean range, and said it was "not to be wonne but by the Cannon." When the rebels quit it at his approach, great plenty of grain was found inside. Not a stone of the castle is now left, but the site is still known. Local people tell numerous ghost stories about the place, and it must be a very eerie spot.

46. Barrington's Hospital founded on George's Quay

    George's Quay · street · Limerick

    Barrington's Hospital was founded with £10,000 on the site of the old mainguard house on George's Quay in Limerick. Sir Matthew Barrington, son of the founder, was a leading citizen active in civic affairs.

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    ^10,000 founded Barrington's Hospital on George's Quay on the site of the old mainguard house. His son, Sir Matthew, was one of the most active citizens of Limerick, and at the head of everything both grave and gay for the welfare and amusement of the inhabitants. Glenstal, the splendid seat of Sir Charles Barrington, is finely situated at the foot of the SI14I) r)-6bljr)r)J Jt)5)nj oljUAJfie, the mountain range of Eileen or Eveleen, the daughter of Guaire, from Brug Maic Indoc, beside the Boyne, and wife to Eocho, king of Munster, at the close of the first century, whose legend I gave some time since in the Journal. The old people say that Glenstal means the " valley of the horse." In an inquisition of Queen Elizabeth Glenstille is given as the name of one of the Burke castles in the district. " Donogh McWilliam Oge of Glenstille, who murderavit Rochford, a Limerick merchant." Cappercullen, " tillage plot of the hollywood," near Glenstal, is said to have been the residence of Sir Edmond Walsh. Ashroe, " red hill," which was for a long time the residence of a branch of the Carbery family, is now occupied by Mr. John B. Barrington.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 254

    As the companion tells it

    A hospital on George's Quay in Limerick, Barrington's Hospital was founded with £10,000 on the site of the old mainguard house. Sir Matthew Barrington, son of the founder, was one of the most active citizens of Limerick, at the head of everything both grave and gay for the welfare and amusement of the inhabitants. Glenstal, the splendid seat of Sir Charles Barrington, stands at the foot of the mountain range named for Eileen or Eveleen. She was the daughter of Guaire, from Brug Maic Indoc beside the Boyne, and wife to Eocho, king of Munster, at the close of the first century. The old people say Glenstal means the “valley of the horse.” In an inquisition of Queen Elizabeth, Glenstille is given as the name of one of the Burke castles in the district. The record names “Donogh McWilliam Oge of Glenstille, who murderavit Rochford, a Limerick merchant.” Cappercullen, the tillage plot of the hollywood, near Glenstal, was said to have been the residence of Sir Edmond Walsh. Ashroe, the red hill, was for a long time the residence of a branch of the Carbery family, and is now occupied by Mr. John B. Barrington.

47. Benedictine foundation at Kilcomenty

    Kilcomenty · parish · Tipperary · 1184

    In 1184, Philip de Worcester, Lord Justice of Ireland, imported a body of Benedictine monks to a house he founded at Kilcomenty in the diocese of Cashel and Emly. This occurred during a period when the Cistercians were supplanting the less ascetic Benedictines.

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    Philip de Worcester, lord justice of Ireland, imported a body of Benedictines to a house he founded at Kilcomenty, in the diocese ^>( Cashel and Emly ; another body of them settled at Ilore Abbey, and there is reason to believe that they had also settled at Holy Cross. At any rate tradition says the site of Holy Cross had been occupied by a cell or monastery before the granting of Donald's charter, and this monastery had been called "The cell or monastery of the eight lands," which is simply .1 translation of the name of the first town land mentioned in the charter. Eour robbers once attacked this cell, and finding no treasure they consoled themselves by ridiculing the reported miraculous power of the

    2 54 CORK HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 150

    As the companion tells it

    Up ahead, the road passes through the parish of Kilcomenty. In 1184, Philip de Worcester, lord justice of Ireland, brought a body of Benedictines to a house he founded here, in the diocese of Cashel and Emly. It was part of a wider settlement of Benedictines in the region. Another body of them settled at Ilore Abbey, and there is reason to believe they had also settled at Holy Cross. Tradition says the site of Holy Cross had been occupied by a cell or monastery before the granting of Donald's charter, and this monastery had been called the cell or monastery of the eight lands, which is simply a translation of the name of the first townland mentioned in the charter.

48. Carrick-a-Dhirra stone circle near Dunmore East

    Dunmore East · town · Waterford

    Near Dunmore East there is a hill with a stone circle named from the water goddess Dirra, called Carrick-a-Dhirra. Dirra and Vera were originally pagan water goddesses in Ireland, connected to water in legends told by the peasantry.

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    Some Old Names. — In the September number of the. Journal mention is made of Dirra and Vera or Bera. These having fallen from their high estate, the term " Cailleach " or "witch" is now applied to them. They were originally water goddesses in pagan Ireland, for the places named from them are generally near water, and the legends which the peasantry tell about them connect them with water. Vera is said to have been so tall that she could wade through all the rivers and lakes of Ireland, and Dirra is stated to have made a lake on the top of Slieve Gullion, into which she caused Finn to go and seek for a ring, and when he was in the water she changed him into a grey, decrepit old man. Near Dunmore East there is a hill and stone circle on the hill named from Dirra, Carrick-a-Dhirra. Bearhaven may possibly be named from Bera. Perhaps also Kinvarra, Galway Bay, Rind Bera Sirraim, " the headland of Bera of the water "; the sa in Shannon, Suir, Samar, and Sabarn, or Severn, an old name for Cork river Lee ; and I think also now that Rath Arda Suird, near Limerick, means "fort of river height." It is near the Shannon. The accounts we have of those Celto-Spanish alliances are to be regarded with the greatest suspicion. Spain was looked upon by our old Seanachaidhs as the summer land, and in accordance with this notion they touched up many of our time-worn myths. To these old Seanachaidhs may also be traced those long lines of fictitious names, some from the myths, which unfortunately have been in the main accepted as real by O'Donovan, Todd, O'Curry, and others, and which make every Irishman either a king or the seed, breed and generation of kings, and Irish history a mockery and a byword. Ignorant English writers have long ridiculed the claim of the Gael to a remote antiquity. But the time for ridicule is past, and scholars in Germany and France have at last woke up, and are searching eagerly for memorials of the remnant of that race who once owned nearly the whole of Europe. Winning says, "These reasons appear sufficient to induce us to believe that Erse and Welsh tribes had found an early entrance into Italy, though we cannot trace their course thither from our histories," and such an authority as Schleicher " believes in a Graeco- Italo-Keltisch period," and Donaldson, in The New Cratyhts, gives it as his opinion " that the first population of both Italy and Greece was Erse or Low Celtic." The present state of Irish mythology is a disgrace to Irish scholarship ; we have left Frenchmen and Germans do what we should have done ourselves, and which they not knowing our myths could not do. But a change is coming in our own sweet

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 306

    As the companion tells it

    Near Dunmore East there is a hill, and on that hill stands a stone circle called Carrick-a-Dhirra, named from the water goddess Dirra. Dirra and Vera, also called Bera, were pagan water goddesses in old Ireland. The places that carry their names are generally near water, and the legends the peasantry told about them connect them to water. Vera was said to have been so tall she could wade through all the rivers and lakes of Ireland. Dirra was said to have made a lake on the top of Slieve Gullion. She caused Finn to go into that water to seek for a ring, and when he was in it, she changed him into a grey, decrepit old man. These goddesses have fallen from their high estate, and the term Cailleach, meaning witch, is now applied to them. Bearhaven may possibly be named from Bera, and perhaps also Kinvarra in Galway Bay, or Rind Bera Sirraim, "the headland of Bera of the water." The sa in Shannon, Suir, Samar, and Sabarn, an old name for Cork river Lee, may also connect. Rath Arda Suird near Limerick may mean "fort of river height," and it stands near the Shannon. The accounts of Celto-Spanish alliances should be regarded with the greatest suspicion. Spain was looked upon by the old Seanachaidhs as the summer land, and they touched up many time-worn myths accordingly. Those storytellers also produced long lines of fictitious names, some from the myths, which were accepted as real by O'Donovan, Todd, O'Curry, and others, making every Irishman either a king or the seed, breed and generation of kings, and Irish history a mockery and a byword. Ignorant English writers have long ridiculed the claim of the Gael to a remote antiquity, but scholars in Germany and France have woke up and are searching eagerly for memorials of the remnant of that race who once owned nearly the whole of Europe.

49. Carved stone found near Temple Michael graveyard

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick

    About three months before writing, Patrick Ryan of Caherconlish found a remarkable foot-long stone resembling a cat's head while repairing a fence near Ginckie's Grave. A human face can be discerned on the flattened crown, and the author suggests it may be from an ornamental arch over Temple Michael's doorway.

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    About three months ago a remarkable stone was found by Mr. Patrick Ryan, of Caherconlish, when repairing the fence near " Ginckie's Grave." I had been told by a man in the village that a cat's head was found in Temple Michael, and really this gives a very good idea of the stone. Imagine a cat's head and neck with a little of the body attached, and one has a fair representation of the stone. Consider the cat's head again with a flattened circular crown, and the picture will rival a photograph from Messrs. Guy. When one stands a little distance from it, a human face may clearly be discerned imprinted on the crown of the cat's head. The other end of the stone does not seem to have been touched, being quite rough. The stone is a foot in length. It has occurred to me that it may be a stone from an ornamental arch over the doorway of Temple Michael.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 204

    As the companion tells it

    Caherconlish is a town the road passes through, and something unusual turned up here. A man in the village had told of a cat's head found in Temple Michael. About three months before the account was written, Patrick Ryan was repairing a fence near a place called Ginckie's Grave when he found a remarkable stone. It is about a foot long, shaped something like a cat's head and neck with a little of the body attached. The crown of the head is flattened and circular, and standing back from it, you can discern a human face imprinted on that crown. The other end of the stone is rough and seems untouched. The author suggests it may have come from an ornamental arch over the doorway of Temple Michael.

50. Clonakilty as a lively market-day town

    Clonakilty · town · Cork

    The Council Book reveals Clonakilty as a lively little town on market days. Grand jury members occasionally took out cross-summonses against each other for assaults, and the women of the town were no more peaceful than their husbands. Punishments were generally fines.

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    In fact Clonakilty must have been a lively little town on market days ; members of the grand jury occasionally took out cross-summonses against each other for assaults, and the women of the town do not seem to have been more peaceful than their husbands. These little battles were generally punished by fines, although one very doughty champion was sent to prison for two months ; and frequently the prisoners were liberated on paying fees and making satisfaction to the injured person.

    The reports give more than one instance of goods being rescued from the sheriff, and there were one or two attempts at horse stealing,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 189

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up, Clonakilty in Cork. The Council Book shows it was a lively little town on market days. Grand jury members occasionally took out cross-summonses against each other for assaults, and the women of the town do not seem to have been more peaceful than their husbands. These little battles were generally punished by fines, although one doughty champion was sent to prison for two months. Prisoners were frequently liberated on paying fees and making satisfaction to the injured person. The reports give more than one instance of goods being rescued from the sheriff, and there were one or two attempts at horse stealing.

51. Colonel Donal MacFinneen fell at Aughrim

    Aughrim · townland · Cork · 1691

    Colonel Donal MacFinneen, son of Donogh MacCarthy of Ardtully, was killed at the Battle of Aughrim along with two brothers and two sons-in-law. After his death the family estates were confiscated among one hundred thousand acres in county Kerry belonging to chieftains who took part in the Revolution of 1688.

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    " The few members of the family of the chieftain who survived the defeat of Aughrim, in which MacFinnin himself fell with two brothers, and two of his sons-in-law were borne on the stream of fugitives to France.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 126

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Aughrim, in 1691, Colonel Donal MacFinneen fell at the Battle of Aughrim. He died alongside two brothers and two sons-in-law. The few of his family who survived were swept along with the fleeing fugitives to France. After his death the family estates were confiscated, part of one hundred thousand acres in Kerry taken from chieftains who took part in the Revolution of 1688.

52. Cup-shaped depression near Knockphleimon compared to Lough Gur

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick

    A few yards north of the boulder on Knockphleimon there is a circular depression of similar dimensions and appearance to the cup-shaped circle at Lough Gur, suggesting a comparable prehistoric feature.

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    SHORT distance to the west of Skehard hill is the hill of Knockphleimon, that is,W " Fleming's Hill.' Who Fleming was, no one can tell. On the top of this hill there is a large boulder, which was thrown from the Knockroe hills — which lie a little to the south — by a giant, and the marks of three of his fingers are still to be seen on the stone. I think this stone was the large central stone of the stone circle which Fitzgerald describes as being in High Park in his day. The other stones were removed many years ago. A few yards north of this stone there is a circular depression about the same dimensions and appearance as the cup-shaped circle at Lough Gur. At the foot of Knockphleimon, and not far from Pohermore, there is a short road running from the main road to High Park House. The entrance to this road is called the Red Gate, though no gate is there now ; and here, though very much sunk in the ground, is one of the old piers of this gate. It is a stone

    (') The Flemings became connected at an early date with the South of Ireland. O'Donovan, in the Book of Rights, says : " After the English invasion the country of Feara, Muighe Feine (Fermoy, county Cork), was granted to Fleming, from whom it passed by marriage to the Roches." In the year 1340, John Fleming was one of the bailiffs of Limerick city.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Gur is a lake the road passes near, in Limerick. There is a cup-shaped circle there, and a similar feature was noted on a hill called Knockphleimon, Fleming's Hill, though who Fleming was, no one can tell. On the top of that hill stood a large boulder. The story went that it was thrown from the Knockroe hills, a little to the south, by a giant, and the marks of three of his fingers were still to be seen on the stone. The writer thought this boulder was the large central stone of a stone circle which Fitzgerald described as being in High Park in his day. The other stones had been removed many years before. A few yards north of this stone there is a circular depression, about the same dimensions and appearance as the cup-shaped circle at Lough Gur. At the foot of Knockphleimon, not far from Pohermore, a short road ran from the main road to High Park House. The entrance was called the Red Gate, though no gate was there then, and one of the old stone piers of that gate remained, very much sunk in the ground.

53. Curraheen as burial place of Eamon a Cnuic per O'Donovan

    Curraheen · townland · Tipperary

    O'Donovan mentions that the outlaw Eamon a Cnuic was buried in the townland of Curraheen in the parish of Toem, County Tipperary, contradicting Lewis's claim that he was interred at Doon.

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    The Slieve Phelim mountains were the haunt of Eamon a Cnuic, " Ned of the hill,'' a celebrated outlaw who lived a few half centuries since, and robbed the rich and gave to the poor. Many ballads have been composed in his honour, and the peasantry still tell many tales of his prowess. It is said that he met his death near Cappamore. Having been chased for two days and two nights, faint and weary, he entered a cabin belonging to a man named Ihvyer broc (badger) and asked for a drink of milk, which Dwyer gave him, but while he was in the act of drinking came behind him and struck him on the head with a hatchet, and so secured the ^300 which was offered lor the outlaw's head. Lewis says that Eamon a Cnuic was interred in the churchyard of Doon, but O'Donovan mentions that he was buried in the townland of Curraheen, in the parish of Toem, county Tipperary.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 255

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies the grave of Eamon a Cnuic, Ned of the Hill, a celebrated outlaw who haunted the Slieve Phelim mountains and robbed the rich to give to the poor. Ballads were composed in his honour, and the peasantry told tales of his prowess. He met his death near Cappamore. Chased for two days and two nights, faint and weary, he entered a cabin belonging to a man called Dwyer broc, the badger, and asked for a drink of milk. Dwyer gave it to him, but while he was drinking, came behind him and struck him on the head with a hatchet, and so claimed the 300 offered for the outlaw's head. Lewis recorded that Eamon a Cnuic was buried in the churchyard of Doon, but O'Donovan said he was buried in Curraheen, in the parish of Toem, County Tipperary.

54. Description of Blarney Castle and its fortifications

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    Blarney Castle, located within three miles of Cork city, was described as one of the strongest castles in Ireland. Sir Charles MacCarthy had built additional walls, turrets with battlements, and fortified gardens around the castle, contriving many plans of defence.

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    marches to strong. The strongest castle his Lordship hath, wherein he usually liveth is with in three miles of the citty : the name of it is Castle Blarney.

    The Irish in those partys say it is one of the strongest castles in

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 177

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Blarney stands a castle the Irish of these parts called one of the strongest in Ireland. It lay within 3 miles of Cork city, and it was the strongest castle his Lordship had, the one where he usually lived.

55. Dublin regiment's gun labelled 'Free trade or this'

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1784

    The threatening motto on the 1784 Irish Volunteer medal echoes a slogan used by a Dublin Volunteer regiment, who labelled their gun 'Free trade or this.' This reflects the militants' resolve during the reform movement following the achievement of free trade in 1782.

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    The threat conveyed in the legend upon this medal is similar to that used by a Dublin regiment who labelled their gun " Free trade or this." This medal adds another unique illustration to one of the most interesting and momentous periods ot Irish history. Its similarity in shape to the medal of the Limerick Volunteers is suggestive, and might possibly point to its original ownership by some member of the Volunteers of that city or neighbourhood. On the other hand the character of its art work has more the appearance of having been made in either Belfast, Cork or Dublin ; and the ring of its motto, as if it came from the former city where the Volunteer pulse beat quicker than perhaps in any other part of the country. Who " T. S." was is so far a riddle which must remain to be solved. It is disappointing that the name in full is not on the medal or that of the troop or corps to which it belonged, but otherwise it reminds us of reforms that were required, demanded, and refused, and of the Irish Volunteers, who, having taken up arms to defend their country against foreign invasion, never fulfilled the threat conveyed in the inscription or turned their guns upon the representatives of the Crown, although their just demands were defeated and rejected,

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dublin, this city carries a piece of the Irish Volunteer story from 1784. A medal from that year bears a threatening motto, and its message matches one used by a Dublin regiment, who labelled their gun, in the words of the source, "Free trade or this." The medal is similar in shape to the medal of the Limerick Volunteers, which suggests it may have belonged to a member of the Volunteers of that city or neighbourhood. But the character of its artwork looks more like it was made in Belfast, Cork, or Dublin. The ring of its motto sounds as if it came from Belfast, where the Volunteer pulse beat quicker than perhaps anywhere else in the country. Who T. S. was remains a riddle. The name in full is not on the medal, nor is the name of the troop or corps to which it belonged. The medal recalls reforms that were required, demanded, and refused. The Irish Volunteers took up arms to defend their country against foreign invasion, but they never fulfilled the threat in that inscription. They never turned their guns upon the representatives of the Crown, even though their just demands were defeated and rejected.

56. Eaton Stannard carried Cork freedom patent to Dean Swift, 1737

    Cork · city · Cork · 1737

    Eaton Stannard of Tubber, Dublin, recorder-elect of Cork, bore from the corporation of Cork to Dean Swift the box containing the patent of freedom of the city conferred on the dean in 1737. Stannard was also one of the executors of Swift's will.

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    Sch., t.c.d., 1704; B.A., 1706; barrister-at-law; recorder of Cork, 1728 (the voting on his appointment being — E. Stannard, 11 ; Hugh Dixon {q.'c'.), 7; Wm. Chartres, 2; John Crone, 1), but did not accept the office, he being recorder of Dublin, and Hugh Dixon was elected in his stead, and sworn in on 19th December, 1728. Stannard was counsel for the defendant in the celebrated Anglesea peerage case, 1743 (see William Harward, m.p.). He bore from the corporation of Cork to Dean Swift the box containing the patent of freedom of the city conferred on the dean, 1737. He was one of the executors of the dean's will.

    He died 1755.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, this is the city whose corporation sent its freedom to Dean Swift in 1737. Eaton Stannard of Tubber, Dublin, a barrister, carried the box containing the patent of freedom of the city to the dean that year. In 1728, the corporation voted on Stannard as recorder of Cork: he had 11 votes, Hugh Dixon 7, William Chartres 2, and John Crone 1. But Stannard did not accept the office, being already recorder of Dublin, and Hugh Dixon was sworn in on 19 December 1728. Stannard was one of the executors of Swift's will. He died in 1755.

57. Epitaph with forge implements in Fedamore churchyard

    Fedamore · town · Limerick

    A tombstone in Fedamore Churchyard, County Limerick, bears carved forge implements and an epitaph mourning a blacksmith whose sledge, hammers, bellows, fire, forge and vice have all been laid to rest.

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    " My sledge and hammers are declined, My Bellows, too, has lost his wind, My fires extinguished, My forge decayed, And in the earth my Vice is laid."

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 236

    As the companion tells it

    In Fedamore, a tombstone in the churchyard bears carved forge implements and an epitaph for a blacksmith. The stone says: "My sledge and hammers are declined, My Bellows, too, has lost his wind, My fires extinguished, My forge decayed, And in the earth my Vice is laid."

58. Execution of Thomas FitzGibbon at Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick

    Thomas FitzGibbon, ancestor of the FitzGibbons of Ballylondre and husband of Maggie Condon, was executed at Kilmallock. Nothing further is known of his descendants.

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    In the UiipublishedGeraldine Documents, pedigree of the White Knights, Maggie Condon married Thomas FitzGibbon, ancestor of FitzGibbon of Ballylondre. He was executed at Kilmallock. Nothing is known of his descendants. Also Ellen Condon, daughter of Patrick Condon, called the Lord of Condons, married John Oge FitzGerald alias FitzGibbon. He killed his cousin, and died in 1 569 a great protector of the clergy. He was summoned to Dublin for harbouring Maurice Fitzgibbon, the Pope's Archbishop of Cashel, his own kinsman, and also the Bishop of Ardagh. Two years after his death he was attainted of high treason and his lands forfeited.

    The country was named Armoy {i.e. Freshfield), and sometimes Ur Magh, which has the same signification. The adjoining lands of Glan Ore, or Glanworth, were granted to Flemming, who by the marriage of his daughter came to the Roches, or de la Roupe, who were Lord Viscounts of Fermoy, and anciently Barons of Pool Castle, alias Castle Lough, and all this tract is still called Roches country. It is said that Roche, who married the heiress of Flemming, ingratiated himself by killing one of the Condons by a crossbow shot in the thigh, which part happened to be uncovered by the raising up of his cuirass, x^my

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 294

    As the companion tells it

    Kilmallock is a town in Limerick that the road passes through or near. It was the site of an execution that ended a family line before it could properly begin. Thomas FitzGibbon was the husband of Maggie Condon. He was the ancestor of the FitzGibbons of Ballylondre. That is what the old Geraldine documents record, a pedigree of the White Knights. Thomas was executed here at Kilmallock. Nothing more is known of his descendants. The line stops at the scaffold and the page goes quiet after that. Maggie Condon's name survives in the pedigree, connected to Thomas and to that single brutal fact of his death. The FitzGibbons of Ballylondre traced themselves back to him, but beyond that pedigree and that execution, the record holds nothing else about Thomas or about the children who might have come after him. Kilmallock keeps the story and keeps the silence too.

59. Fenian insurgents dispersed by constabulary at Drogheda

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1867

    On the night of 5 March, Sub-Inspector Robert Gardiner, in command at Drogheda, attacked and dispersed a large body of Fenian insurgents assembled in that town, taking many prisoners and a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition.

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    1. Sub-Inspector Robert Gardiner. In command at Drogheda, who, on the night of the 5th of March, attacked and dispersed a large body of Fenian insurgents assembled in that town, taking many prisoners and a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition.

    2. Sub-Inspector Dominick F. Burke. In command at Tallaght on the same night, when the Fenian insurgents were defeated, many taken prisoners, and a large quantity of arms and ammunition captured.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 153

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Drogheda, this is the town where, on the night of 5 March 1867, a large body of Fenian insurgents assembled. Sub-Inspector Robert Gardiner, in command at Drogheda, attacked and dispersed them. He took many prisoners and a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition.

60. Kilcooley Abbey, daughter of Jerpoint

    Kilcooley · townland · Galway · 1182

    Kilcooley Abbey was a daughter house of Jerpoint in county Kilkenny and was founded by King Donald O'Brien. It was one of four Cistercian abbeys established in the dioceses of Cashel and Emly.

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    county Louth. Within less than a century Cistercian abbeys sprang up in every diocese in Ireland. There were four founded in the two dioceses of Cashel and Emly — Holy Cross, Kilcooley, Owney or Abington, and Hore Abbey. Holy Cross probably got its first monks from the Continent. Kilcooley was a daughter of Jerpoint, county Kilkenny; Hore Abbey of Mellifont; and Owney of Lovignac in France. Holy Cross and Kilcooley were founded by King Donald O'Brien. The following is a translation of his charter granted to the former house in the year A.D. 1182 : —

    " Donald, by the grace of God King of Limerick, to all kings, dukes, earls, barons, knights, and other Christians in whatever degree throughout Ireland, perpetual greeting in Christ. Know ye all good Christians that I have given, and by this my charter confirmed Cell-uaiter-lamudin, Ballidubain, Balli-e-duibain, Balli-igiridir, Balli-imoeluchain, Gualuehelach [or Ballychelach], Seirdach, Bali-ichcallach, Baliicorcain, and Iconligain-culata, together with their pertinences, for the honour of God Almighty and St. Mary the Virgin, and St. Benedict, and the Holy Cross for the salvation of my soul, and [the souls] of my parents — in fields, in woods, in pastures, in meadows, in waters, in fisheries, in mills, fully, wholly, freely and quietly, to the monks of Holy Cross, in the presence of the Lord Abbot Gregory.

    Internet Archive journalofcorkhisv21896cork, Chapter 149

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Kilcooley, are the remains of Kilcooley Abbey. It was a Cistercian house, a daughter of Jerpoint in County Kilkenny. The man who founded it was King Donald O'Brien. He called himself, by the grace of God, King of Limerick. Kilcooley was one of four Cistercian abbeys established in the two dioceses of Cashel and Emly. The others were Holy Cross, Owney, also called Abington, and Hore Abbey. Each had its own mother house. Kilcooley looked to Jerpoint. Hore Abbey looked to Mellifont. Owney traced its line back to Lovignac in France. Holy Cross may have drawn its first monks from the Continent. Both Holy Cross and Kilcooley were founded by the same king, Donald O'Brien. A charter of his survives, granted to Holy Cross in the year 1182. In it he styles himself King of Limerick and addresses all kings, dukes, earls, barons, knights, and Christians throughout Ireland. He lists the lands he gave, in fields, in woods, in pastures, in meadows, in waters, in fisheries, in mills, for the salvation of his soul and the souls of his parents, for the honour of God Almighty and St. Mary the Virgin and St. Benedict and the Holy Cross. The abbot present was Gregory. That charter was for Holy Cross, not Kilcooley, but it is the same king, the same hand, the same age that built both houses.