The life of James, Duke of Ormond; containing an account of the most remarkable affairs of his time, and particularly of Ireland under his government: with an appendix and collection of letters, serving to verify the most material facts in the said history. New ed., carefully compared with the original MSS (vol. 5)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Military success against the enemy at Bull-Hill

   Bullhill · townland · Kildare · 1642

   A letter conveys congratulations on a fortunate military success against enemy forces at Bull-Hill in Ireland, dated around April 1642. The writer also expresses deep frustration at receiving no official instructions, money, or artillery from the lords justices despite twelve months without support.

   Read the passage

   YOUR lordship's letters of the 22th and 28th of Aprill deliuered mee by Hen. Whitney brought mee the most glad and wellcome tydings of your lordship's happy and fortunate success against the enemy at Bull-Hill ; which I do as hartely congratulate, and as really rejoyce in, as if I had bin myself the man ordayned to share so great an honour : and if any man shall suggest another thought to your lordship, hee is a base vnworthy fellow, and lyes in his throate. But where your lordship is pleased to referre mee in sundry particulers to the letters of the board, I haue not receiued the honnour of one tittle or letter from them, either of instruction, incouragement, or advice. All that I haue comes now to mee at second-hand, and I haue the

   312 LETTERS LXXVIII —

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 135

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Bullhill, in 1642, there was a military success against the enemy. A letter arrived by way of a man named Hen. Whitney, bearing glad tidings of what the writer called a happy and fortunate success against the enemy at Bull-Hill. He congratulated the lordship as heartily as if the honour had been his own, and said that any man who suggested otherwise was a base unworthy fellow who lied in his throat. But his joy was shadowed by frustration. The lordship had referred him to the letters of the board, the lords justices, yet he had not received one tittle or letter from them. No instruction, no encouragement, no advice. Everything came to him second-hand. He had gone twelve months without official support, without money, without artillery, and still no word from those above him.

2. Ormond forced to return army to Dublin for want of victuals

   Dublin · city · Dublin · 1643

   Ormond writes to the king from Dublin that he led the army forth due to extreme wants he foresaw it would fall into if it remained in the city, but was then constrained to return because he could not maintain it abroad without stores of victuals from a good town.

   Read the passage

   I RECEAUED your gracious leters of the I of March by Mr. St. Leger on the 26, as I was vpon my way hether with part of your armie, which not long before I was forced to leade forth, through the extreame wants that then I forsaw it would suddainly fall into, if it remained in this place. And I was by like extremitie constrained to returne, findeing it impossible to maintaine it abroade at this tyme of the yeare, without I could haue put it into some good toune, where stores of victuals might bee found ; with which I was not prouided soe well as to force any such place, as will apeare by the relation of this expedition, which with all possible speed I will by an expresse humbly present your majestie with. This necessitated iurny hindered my being at the execution of your majestie's comission ; but a sufitient number of comissioners were there, whoe did the worke, and haue herewith transmited the propositions of the recusants of Ireland, whereof I haue not at this tyme leasure to write any thing, nor of the leters lately sent your majestie from the justices and some of the councell, disaduising peace with these rebells. Only this I dare with your majestie^ permission auer, that nether the propositions nor leter are, as they yeat stand, for your searuice.

   I hope sir Fra. Butler hath long since deliuered your majestie a dispach from mee. Within a very few days I shall bee able to giue you a more satisfactory accompt of your comands in your former letters of

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 185

   As the companion tells it

   Dublin in 1643. Ormond was writing to the king, and the letter he sent tells its own story. He had received the king's letters of the 1st of March, brought by Mr. St. Leger on the 26th. By then Ormond was already on his way back to Dublin with part of the army. He had led that army out of the city not long before, because he foresaw it would soon fall into extreme want if it stayed. But he was forced to return, finding it impossible to maintain the army abroad at that time of year unless he could have put it into some good town where stores of victuals might be found. He was not provided well enough to force any such place. He promised the king he would soon send a full account of the expedition by an express. This necessary journey kept him from attending the execution of the king's commission, but a sufficient number of commissioners were there and did the work. They sent along the propositions of the recusants of Ireland. Ormond told the king he had no leisure to write about those propositions, nor about letters lately sent from the justices and some of the council, advising against peace with the rebels. He did say that neither the propositions nor the letter were, as they yet stood, for the king's service.

3. Ormond writes from Kilkenny on Clarendon's fall

   Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1667

   The Duke of Ormond, writing from Kilkenny in September 1667, expresses amazement and concern at the dismissal of the Earl of Clarendon from the post of Lord Chancellor. He informs Clarendon that he first learned of the taking of the great seal through letters dated late August and early September, but remains in ignorance of the reasons.

   Read the passage

   THE first letter that euer gaue me the least notice, that the takeing of the great seale from you was thought of, was of the 24 of August, and by letters of the 3 1 I was assured it was done. But I am still in perfect ignorance of the reason or manner of doeing it ; more then that in generall it is said, it would giue the king ease and you security ; and that Mr. secretary Morice was sent with a warrant for it.

   If you beleeue my frendshipp to you to be such, as I haue still told you it was, and as most certainely it is, you will not think I am satisfyed with such a knowledge of the grounds of such a proceeding. And how little soeuer I can contribute to your contentment, I know you will not refuse what may soe much settle mine, as the knowledge of what it may be proper for you to informe me will.

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 32

   As the companion tells it

   Kilkenny, September 1667. The Duke of Ormond was here when he wrote to the Earl of Clarendon, stunned that Clarendon had been dismissed as Lord Chancellor. He told Clarendon that the first letter giving him any notice the great seal might be taken was dated the 24th of August, and by letters of the 31st he was assured it was done. But he said he was still in perfect ignorance of the reason or manner of it. All he had heard, in general, was that it would give the king ease and Clarendon security, and that Mr. Secretary Morice was sent with a warrant for it. Ormond asked Clarendon not to think him satisfied with such slight knowledge of the grounds of so great a proceeding. He spoke of his friendship as real and constant, and said that whatever little he could contribute to Clarendon's contentment, he knew Clarendon would not refuse to settle his mind by telling him what had happened.

4. Orrery at Charleville defending his conduct, 1667

   Charleville · town · Cork · 1667

   The earl of Orrery writes from Charleville, defending himself against Ormond's veiled suspicions. He notes he has spent over a year avoiding intermeddling in any affairs but those of his province, hoping to avoid misunderstanding.

   Read the passage

   I was in hopes, since I had for above one year avoided intermeddling with any affairs but those of this province, that I had thereby put myself into an incapacity of being misunderstood by any considerable person; especially, that I was below the possibility of being suspected by your grace. But alas ! I find that, to be held guiltless, a man must not only be innocent, but fortunate too. The first depending on myself, it is my own fault if I do not attain to it ; but the last depending wholly upon others, I can only say, it is my trouble, but not my fault, that I must miss of it.

   Give me leave, I beseech your grace, further to say, that I have of late shewed myself a true servant to you, and with this satisfaction, (perhaps it may be thought vanity,) that none knows it, but those who, I am sure, will not tell you of it for their own sakes : for I do not consider professions of friendship as too many of this age do. I look upon them as the most binding temporal ties amongst men, and at such a rate I endeavour to keep them ; and so I shall do those I have made to your grace, whatever misrepresentations have been made of me. For whatever confidence your grace is pleased to have of me in the close of your letter, yet that part of it, methinks the whole complexion of it, is such, as I cannot but with real grief acknowledge,

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 45

   As the companion tells it

   Charleville is the town the road passes through. In 1667 the earl of Orrery was here, writing to the Duke of Ormond, defending himself against suspicions he could sense in Ormond's letter. He had spent over a year avoiding intermeddling in any affairs but those of his own province, hoping that would put him beyond being misunderstood by any considerable person, and especially beyond being suspected by Ormond. But he found that to be held guiltless, a man must not only be innocent but fortunate too. Innocence depended on himself, and if he failed to attain it, that was his own fault. Fortune depended wholly on others, and missing it was his trouble but not his fault. He told Ormond he had lately shown himself a true servant, and did so with the satisfaction that none knew it except those who would never tell Ormond, for their own sakes. He said he did not consider professions of friendship the way too many in that age did. He looked upon them as the most binding temporal ties among men, and at that rate he endeavoured to keep them, and would keep those he had made to Ormond, whatever misrepresentations had been made of him. He acknowledged that whatever confidence Ormond expressed at the close of his letter, the whole complexion of it was such that he could not but receive with real grief.

5. Rebels fortifying Ardee and Dundalk

   Ardee · town · Louth · 1641

   Tichborne reports that the greatest strength of the rebel forces lies in Ardee and Dundalk, which they are endeavouring to fortify. He hopes to gain better intelligence of their strength and designs that night.

   Read the passage

   The lord Neuteruel and some of the gentry of Meathe and Louthe haue sought protextions; others haue offered to submitt themselues, Hues and estate, to his majestic* s mercy; wherof Jeames Bathe is one, come this day into the towne. All others I haue willde to applie themselues vnto your lordship ; for the country people gaue me notice of your beinge in these quarters, which hathe wrought this greate allteration amongst them ; for theay had made, as I am informde, a new combination to leuy forsces to the uttermost of theire power, expected O'KehVs returne with 8000 men. Your lordship knowes theire thousands little exsead hundreds. The greateste strengthe that is amongst them lies in Ardee and Dundalke, which theay endeauor to fortefy. This nighte I hope to gaine better intelligence of theire strengthe and designe, that to morrow your lordship may receue a better accounte of it from,

   My lord, Your lordship^s moste humble seruant,

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 128

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Ardee was at the heart of the rebel strength in 1641. A letter from Tichborne, writing to his lord, reports that the greatest force among the rebels lay in Ardee and Dundalk, and that they were working to fortify both places. He notes that Lord Navan and some of the gentry of Meath and Louth had sought protections, while others offered to submit themselves, their lives and estates, to His Majesty's mercy. A man named James Bathe came into the town that very day. The country people had given notice of the lord's presence in the area, which Tichborne says caused a great alteration among them, for they had made a new combination to levy forces to the uttermost of their power. They expected the return of O'Kelly with 8000 men, though Tichborne adds that their thousands little exceed hundreds. He hoped to gain better intelligence of their strength and designs that night.

6. Thomas Blood of Sarney, ringleader in the conspiracy

   Sarney · townland · Meath · 1665

   Thomas Blood, described as late of Sarney, was identified as one of the ringleaders in the conspiracy against the king's government in Ireland. A treasonable declaration written in Blood's own hand was sent by the lord lieutenant to the house of commons for examination.

   Read the passage

   III. That the paper being an intended declaration written with the hand of Thomas Blood, late of Sarney, one of the ringleaders in the said conspiracy, and sent by the lord lieutenant, 3 1 with the other examinations, informations and confessions this day to the house, and distinctly read, is scandalous, treasonable and false in every particular, and that upon the knowledge of this house ; and therefore that his grace would be pleased, if he

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 25

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Sarney, in 1665, Thomas Blood was named as one of the ringleaders in a conspiracy against the king's government in Ireland. A declaration written in Blood's own hand was sent by the lord lieutenant to the house of commons, along with other examinations, informations and confessions. It was read aloud there and judged scandalous, treasonable and false in every particular.

7. Councils at Galway affronting Clanricarde

   Galway · city · Galway · 1643

   Various councils had been sitting at Galway for a long time but concluded nothing, instead putting affronts and prejudices upon Clanricarde and allowing him no quarter. He feared some had plotted to break the cessation and plunge the kingdom into continued war.

   Read the passage

   Counsells of all kinds, except those of wisdome and forecast, 1 95 haue satt at Gallway this long time, and nothing at all concluded that I can heare of, but to put affronts and preiudices vpon me, and allow me no quarter at all. And I asure your lordship their weake vnsetled Judgments and strong and violent passions doth soe much disturbe me, that I am very weary, and vnwilling to make any longer residence in these partes.

   With much presumption vpon your lordship's patience, I send herewith a copy of my instructions to the commissioners for this county., hastely written when I was in extreame paine, and vpon

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 219

   As the companion tells it

   This is Galway. In 1643, councils of every kind had been sitting here a long time, yet concluded nothing that could be heard of. Instead they put affronts and prejudices upon Clanricarde and allowed him no quarter at all. He wrote that their weak unsettled judgments and strong violent passions disturbed him so much that he was weary and unwilling to make any longer residence in these parts. He feared some had plotted to break the cessation and plunge the kingdom into continued war. He sent a copy of his instructions to the commissioners for the county, written in haste when he was in extreme pain.

8. Dublin inhabitants forced to feed soldiers amid famine

   Dublin · city · Dublin

   The Lords Justices of Ireland report that Dublin's food stores were exhausted, trade had collapsed, and the inhabitants were despoiled of their estates. Soldiers were distributed among householders in the city and suburbs for victuals, burdening poor inhabitants who could barely feed themselves.

   Read the passage

   And now there beeing two thousand foote and some few horse distributed in that manner amongst the inhabitants for victualls, although the assessment tooke not beginning vntill the 13th of this month ; yet even in soe few daies time as are allredy since 149 incurred, many poore inhabitants, who were hardly able to feede themselves, (being charged with feeding the soldior, which is not

   CXLI.

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft

   As the companion tells it

   In Dublin, the inhabitants were made to feed soldiers. Two thousand foot and a few horse were distributed among householders in the city and suburbs for their victuals. The assessment began on the 13th of the month, and even in those few days, many poor inhabitants, hardly able to feed themselves, were charged with feeding the soldier.

9. Earl of Clanricard receives king's commission near Trim

   Trim · town · Meath · 1643

   On 20 March, the earl of Clanricard received the king's royal letter and declaration not far from Trim, where he had been attending the execution of the king's commission. He published the letter on 29 March but doubted it would produce the desired effects for the settlement of the county.

   Read the passage

   YOUR royal gracious letter and declaration of Jan. 19 I received on March 20, not far from Trim, where I attended the execution of your majestie's commission ; and upon my return, with all possible diligence I published your majestie's letter and declaration upon March 29 ; which, tho' it must in all fortunes make me happy by the testimony of your favour, yet I doubt it will not produce the wished effects I expected for the advancement of your service and settlement of this county ; many per-

   Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 190

   As the companion tells it

   Near Trim, in 1643, the Earl of Clanricard received the king's royal letter and declaration, dated January 19. He had been attending the execution of the king's commission. He received it on March 20 and published it on March 29. He wrote that it must make him happy by the testimony of the king's favour, yet he doubted it would produce the wished effects for the advancement of the king's service and settlement of the county.

10. Galway proposed as magazine and supply base, 1641

    Galway · city · Galway · 1641

    Clanricard recommends Galway as the fittest place for a plentiful magazine, being well situated for supplying Connacht and surrounding parts of the kingdom. He urges that arms and ammunition be sent by sea from England to Galway to counter the spreading rebellion.

    Read the passage

    best known to your self, that life and honour be not shipwracked in the harbour. Supplies of armes and ammunition will come safest and speediest by sea from England to Gallway, the fittest place for a plentiful magazine, being fitly seated for the supply of this province and all these parts of the kingdom. God send your lordship the contrary success to that destiny has hitherto followed.

    Your lordship's most faithfull and affectionate servant,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 112

    As the companion tells it

    Galway in 1641. Clanricard writes to his lordship urging that arms and ammunition be sent by sea from England to Galway, calling it the fittest place for a plentiful magazine, well seated for supplying Connacht and all these parts of the kingdom. He warns that supplies will come safest and speediest that way, and that life and honour must not be shipwrecked in the harbour. He ends asking God to send success contrary to what destiny has followed so far.

11. Garrison placed at Galway's east gate during pacification

    Galway · city · Galway

    The duke describes placing a garrison in a stone house near Galway's great east gate to prevent access of strangers and issuance of powder. A guard was also placed in a castle a mile from town to secure the passage to the river, and additional men were stationed about an abbey on the Iar Connacht side.

    Read the passage

    was not insisted upon by the captain nor my self; finding it impossible to gain it by force, we were in hope by time and fair means to get it from them ; but it had not been of much advantage, as appeareth since; for during the siege and treaty, and upon knowledge of Fr. Darcy's coming to the isle of Aren, as I am informed, they spent and divided among their assistants in town and camp, and conveyed to some others whose aid they expected, if the pacification had not succeeded, all the powder brought by Oliver Oge French, which was accompted about 32 vessels, weight -500; or what was remaining so secretly hid by private merchants, that it could not be discovered. Several moderate and well affected persons of the town were agreed upon by capt.Willoughby and me, who were nominated by those that knew them, and were professed friends to the fort, and to them I gave a large commission under the provincial seal to examine upon oath and all other ways, all those that were suspected to have any powder, armes, or ammunition, and all other witnesses that could discover any thing concerning that subject; and that they should seize upon the same, and deliver over upon accompt to other able and discreet men agreed upon by capt. Willoughby and me, who were upon oath to issue no part thereof but by direction or warrant from me. But for all their care 85 and diligence, there could none considerable be found, but what Fr. Darcy brought, about 2700 weight, which was immediately put into those commissioners hands we had nominated, who approve themselves very honest and faithfull men. After this, upon notice of some resort of strangers to the town, and upon information of some powder suspected to have been privately conveyed away, I sent immediately to the mayor, who by a proclamation freed the town of strangers, and having not force sufficient under my command in his majestie^s pay, I did agree with capt. Willoughby that he should put a garrison into a stone house near the great east gate of the town. I gave him way to put a guard into a castle of mine a mile off the town to keep the passage to the river, and likewise allowed him to place more men about the abbey on the west on Irrconnaght side, both to prevent access of strangers and issuing forth of powder. I sent a warrant to the mayor to apprehend such merchants as were suspected to have hidden and conveyed some powder away, and I am informed that Oliver Oge is put upon the sheriffs hands, and I am in good hope to have him and some others sent into

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 147

    As the companion tells it

    Galway had a siege and a treaty running at once, and powder was the thing everyone feared. About 32 vessels of it, reckoned near 500 weight, brought in by Oliver Oge French, had been spent and divided among assistants in town and camp, or secretly hidden by private merchants so it could not be discovered. Captain Willoughby and the duke chose moderate men, professed friends to the fort, and gave them a large commission under the provincial seal to examine on oath anyone suspected of holding powder, arms, or ammunition, to seize it, and hand it to other discreet men sworn to issue nothing without the duke's warrant. For all their care, only what Fr. Darcy brought came to light, about 2700 weight, and that went straight to the commissioners, who proved honest and faithful. Then word came of strangers resorting to the town, and powder suspected to have been privately conveyed away. The duke sent to the mayor, who by proclamation freed the town of strangers. Not having enough force in his majesty's pay, the duke agreed with Captain Willoughby that he should put a garrison into a stone house near the great east gate. He gave him way to put a guard into a castle of the duke's a mile off the town to keep the passage to the river, and allowed him to place more men about the abbey on the Iar Connacht side. All of it to prevent access of strangers and issuing forth of powder. A warrant went to the mayor to apprehend merchants suspected of hiding powder, and Oliver Oge was put on the sheriff's hands, with hope of him and others being sent in.

12. Oath administered at Dublin Castle to officers and soldiers

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1643

    From Dublin Castle, the marquis of Ormond reports administering an oath—first to himself, then to departing officers and voluntarily by many staying behind—which he expects will be unanimously taken by soldiers aboard ship. He also commends the soldiers' endurance of 'all kinde of wants' in the kingdom's service.

    Read the passage

    I send your majestie herewith the oath, first taken by my selfe, and then very cheerefully in my presence by all the oficers that goe, and voluntarily by many of those that stay. It will bee administered, and, I doubt not, vnanimously taken by the souldiers on shipboard.

    In the last place, I most humbly recomend to your majestie's royall fauour and gracious acceptance the merits of all these oficers and souldiers in your searuice of this kingdome, the exceding and vnwearied patience wherewith they haue borne all kinde of wants therin ; and last of all, their readinesse to vndertake this expedition, which is such as giues more then hopes of the searuices they will doe your majestie in what you shall comaund them there.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 222

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, in 1643. The marquis of Ormond sent the king an oath from the Castle. He took it first himself, then watched as all the departing officers took it very cheerfully. Many who stayed behind took it voluntarily. He expected it would be unanimously taken by the soldiers on shipboard. Ormond commended these officers and soldiers to the king's favour for their service. He spoke of their unwearied patience in bearing, in his words, "all kinde of wants." And he noted their readiness to undertake this expedition, which gave more than hope of the service they would do when commanded.

13. Ormond receives news of his replacement as Lord Lieutenant in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1684

    The Duke of Ormond writes from Dublin acknowledging the Duke of York's letter regarding his impending replacement as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by the Earl of Rochester. He expresses cordial submission to the king's pleasure and notes he would have named Rochester as successor himself if consulted.

    Read the passage

    I RECEIVED your royal highnesses of the 2 1 st of October before his majesty's of the i9th by some hours. How I received and submitted to his majesty's pleasure, you will see by my letter to him, if he shall think it worth shewing. It will be enough however to assure your royal highness, that my submission was cordial, and my acknowledgments for his majesty's great care of my interests and satisfaction very real. It is certain, that if I had been consulted with in the nomination of a successor, and my lord of Rochester within prospect, I should have named him, both for the king's service and my own interest. The assurances your royal highness gives me of your favour to me and mine, and your acceptance of my duty and service, are of infinite value with, sir, your royal highness's

    Most dutiful and most obedient servant,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 64

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, 1684. The Duke of Ormond, serving as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, writes from the city to the Duke of York. He has received the Duke's letter of October 21st, arriving before the king's letter of the 19th by some hours. The news is that Ormond will be replaced by the Earl of Rochester. He tells the Duke his submission to the king's pleasure was cordial, and his thanks for the king's care of his interests were very real. He says that if he had been consulted about a successor, and Rochester had been in view, he would have named him himself, both for the king's service and his own interest. He closes by saying the Duke's assurances of favour to me and mine, and acceptance of his duty and service, are of infinite value.

14. Ormond writes from Dublin on Irish plot witnesses

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1680

    Writing from Dublin, the Duke of Ormond discusses the gathering of Irish witnesses to be sent to London regarding the plot as it relates to Ireland, expressing concern that public funds would be exhausted transporting willing witnesses and urging the earl of Arran to join a committee examining the Irish dimension of the plot.

    Read the passage

    vpon a vacancy. My lord of Longford apprehends that Strode will bring his complaint into the lords howse, and of inconvenience that may befall mee by it ; but I can feare it, when it shall bee known that what I haue don was by absolute comand, signefid to mee by the lords of the councill of England ; and I hope it will bee no offence there or any where els, if vpon a vacancy I insist vpon my right, if any I haue, to the nomination 99 of a successor. The jurnalls tell vs, that the Irish witnesses are to haue authority to gather vp in this kingdom as many witneses more as they can, without giueing in their names ether there or here ; and their charge to London, I doubt, is to bee borne here. If thay take vp all that are willing vpon those terms to see London, they will neede no guard thither, and our concordatum mony will bee soone exhausted. The jurnall also takes notice of a comitee that shall bee apoynted to consider of the plot as it relates to Ireland. If there bee such a one in the hows of lords, you shall doe well to get your self into it ; where it may bee more easy to preuent any mistake in a report then when it shall bee brought into the hows.

    Dublin, i Novbr. So.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, 1680. The Duke of Ormond writes from the city about the Irish plot witnesses being gathered for London. He says the journals tell us these witnesses have authority to gather up in this kingdom as many witnesses more as they can, without giving in their names either there or here. Their charge to London, he fears, is to be borne here. If they take up all who are willing on those terms to see London, they will need no guard thither, and the concordatum money will be soon exhausted. He also notes that the journals take notice of a committee to be appointed to consider of the plot as it relates to Ireland. If there be such a one in the House of Lords, the earl of Arran, to whom he writes, shall do well to get himself into it, where it may be more easy to prevent any mistake in a report than when it shall be brought into the House. He writes also of Lord Longford's apprehension that Strode will bring his complaint into the Lords' House, but Ormond says he can fear it when it shall be known that what he has done was by absolute command from the Lords of the Council of England.

15. Supreme council heading to Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1643

    It was reported that the council calling itself supreme was gone or going to Limerick, though the writer believed those who had defied the papal agent would not admit their temporal power within the city walls either.

    Read the passage

    It is reported that the counsell, who asume the title of supreame, are gone or going to Limricke ; but I beleeue they that haue declined the apostolicall benediction, after such a trespas, will not admitt their temporall power within their walls.

    I am informed that my lord of Muskery, sir Luke Dillon, Mr. 178 Pluncket, Pat. Darcye, and Jeffrey Browne, are now absent from that counsell ; which makes me very doubtfull, that the remaine of them haue nether the iudgment nor inclination to giue timely satisfaction in that important affaire now in agitation amongst them.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 203

    As the companion tells it

    Word came in 1643 that the council calling itself supreme was gone or going to Limerick. The writer thought otherwise. Those who had declined the apostolic benediction, after such a trespass, would not admit the council's temporal power within their walls. He had been told that my lord of Muskery, Sir Luke Dillon, Mr. Pluncket, Pat. Darcye, and Jeffrey Browne were now absent from that council. This left him doubtful that the remainder had neither the judgment nor the inclination to give timely satisfaction in the important affair now in agitation among them.

16. Clanricard reduces Galway and settles the county

    Galway · city · Galway · 1642

    The Earl of Clanricard writes from Portumna about his proceedings in reducing the town of Galway and settling the main part of the county in its former obedience. He describes subsisting without state assistance, being newly arrived and a stranger to friends and country, and threatened from all parts for his disposition toward the country's good.

    Read the passage

    I ACCOMPT it none of the least misfortunes that belongs to this vnhapy time, that both our persons and all other meanes of expression hath bin kept at soe greate a distance, it hauing bin vnsafe to commit any thing of moment to thin paper walls : but now I hope my dispatches will meete with a safe conuayance to Dublin, I haue at large informed the state of my proceedings here for the reducing of the towne of Gallway and setling the maine parte of this county in its former obedience. Whether

    314 LETTERS LXXX-

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    Galway, in 1642. The Earl of Clanricard writes from Portumna about his proceedings in reducing this town and settling the main part of the county in its former obedience. He says it has been unsafe to commit anything of moment to what he calls thin paper walls, his person and all other means of expression kept at a great distance. Now he hopes his dispatches will find safe conveyance to Dublin, where he has reported the state of affairs at large.

17. Commissioners return from Athenry without satisfaction

    Athenry · town · Galway · 1643

    Clanricarde's commissioners returned from Athenry and Galway without any written answer or satisfactory message. He had sent them instructions hastily written while in extreme pain, and also wrote to Sir Richard Blake who was near the council at Terrellan.

    Read the passage

    their returne from Athenry and Grallway, without answeare in writing or satisfactory mesuage. I writt to sir Richard Blake, being nere them at Terrellan : the copy I send your lordship, and the originall returnes I receued from him after a weeke's detaining my mesinger; and lastly, my letter sent vnto him yesterday, conceiuing it might somwhat startle them to haue their proceedings declared at Dublin before the departure of the army. What it will produce, I will ether speedily bring or send your lordship ; and by these papers your lordship will soone obserue, that though what I haue done may pass among contrey capacityes, they will hardly abide the censure of the state ; but your lordship may be pleased, if you heare me named, or thinke fitt to name me in this bussnes, to make choice of some parte of them for my iustification, as likwise to reprehend the errours past, and instruct me for my future proceeding.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 219

    As the companion tells it

    Athenry is a town the road passes through. In 1643, Clanricarde's commissioners returned from the town and from Galway without any written answer or satisfactory message. He had written to Sir Richard Blake, who was near the council at Terrellan, sending a copy of that letter along with the original returns, which he received back only after a week's detaining of his messenger. He had also sent a letter the day before, thinking it might startle them to have their proceedings declared at Dublin before the departure of the army. He told his lordship that what he had done might pass among country capacities but would hardly abide the censure of the state. He asked that, if his lordship heard him named or thought fit to name him in this business, he might choose some part of these papers for his justification, to reprehend the errors past and instruct him for his future proceeding.

18. Drogheda proposed as army magazine for supplies

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1641

    Ormond and officers request that ammunition, meal, and biscuit be sent by sea to Drogheda, describing it as the most convenient location for a magazine to supply the army in the northern parts.

    Read the passage

    Now the present seruice and affaires requireing that these councells of ours should be put in immediate execution ; and wee (not receiueing any countermand vpon late letters to the like purpose, sent by an officer and tenn hors of sir Richard GreefieWs troope to your lordships) wee shall (as we conceiue in duty wee ought) vpon these grounds (and likewise strongly presumeing that your lordships for the same reasons are of the same iudgments) forthwith march towards Ardee and Dundalk ; 66 both which wee shall indeauour either to burne or put guarrisons in, as by your lordships directions shall be ordayned. Only then wee must craue, for the good of this soe necessary and seasonable a seruice, that your lordships will, with all convenient speed, be pleased to send some ammunition, meale, and bisquett by sea to Droheda, as to a place the most convenient for a magazin, wherout to supply the necessaryes of the army in these parts, and wherunto recourse may best be had vpon all occasions ; which wee doubt not but your lordships will accordingly cause to be carefully and speedily performed; as likewise to send an allowance of our present proceedings vndertaken vpon soe important grounds as aforesayd. And soe we rest

    Your lordships most humble seruants,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 128

    As the companion tells it

    In 1641, Drogheda was chosen as the place to supply an army. Ormond and his officers were planning to march towards Ardee and Dundalk, intending either to burn those towns or put garrisons in them, as directed. But first they needed provisions. They wrote requesting that ammunition, meal, and biscuit be sent by sea to Drogheda, calling it "the most convenient for a magazin, wherout to supply the necessaryes of the army in these parts, and wherunto recourse may best be had vpon all occasions." They had sent earlier letters to the same effect, carried by an officer and ten horse of Sir Richard Greefields's troop, and received no countermand. They pressed that the present service required their counsel to be put in immediate execution. They urged that the supplies be carefully and speedily carried out, and that approval follow for their proceedings, undertaken upon what they called so important grounds.

19. Dunkirker captures ship in Dublin harbour

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1642

    A Dunkirker vessel, taking advantage of the lack of shipping at Dublin, captured a ship bound for Milford directly in Dublin harbour. The justices cite this as proof of the extreme necessity of hastening ships to guard the coast.

    Read the passage

    Sir, since the sealing vp of our letters to yow of the 23d of this month, a Dunkirker (taking advantage of our want of shipping heere) did take even in this harbor a shipp bound hence for Milford, wherby yow may see the extreme necessitie of hastening away shipping, as by our said leters wee have moved.

    — CXLII. CONCEENING STATE-AFFAIRS. 431

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 185

    As the companion tells it

    In 1642, a Dunkirker vessel took advantage of the want of shipping in Dublin and captured a ship bound for Milford directly in Dublin harbour. The justices wrote that this showed the extreme necessity of hastening away shipping to guard the coast.

20. Lord chancellor reports Dublin parliament and army distress

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1643

    The lord chancellor of Ireland wrote from Dublin on 22 April 1643 describing how parliament sat by prorogation while army officers presented petitions about their great wants and sufferings. He reported the kingdom was in extremity, with supplies failing from England and the army's subsistence and satisfaction at stake.

    Read the passage

    I am allsoe to let you knowe, that although some of the lords, both spirituall and temporall, sitting in the howse, are of his majestie's privie councell ; and that it was by the lords justices declared to the committee of this howse, that the commission of prorogation was directed, on important reasons, moveing the whole councell ; yet their lordshipps affirmed in parliament, that they were straungers to any speciall reasons induceing any such prorogation ; and considering the extremitie of the condition vnto which this kingdome is at present reduced, and howe necessary it is to give the petitioners satisfaction by any iust and honourable meanes that might be found, the howse thought fitt to desire to knowe the reasons of the said prorogation. But the lords justices alone (haueing seene the said petition) denyed to consent to suspend the execution of the said commission, or to signifie the reasons of the present prorogation, as was requested

    — CL. CONCERNING STATE-AFFAIRS. 441

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    The lord chancellor of Ireland wrote from Dublin on 22 April 1643 that parliament sat by prorogation while army officers presented petitions about their great wants and sufferings. He reported the kingdom was in extremity, with supplies failing from England and the army's subsistence and satisfaction at stake. Some lords both spiritual and temporal sitting in the house were of his majesty's privy council. The lords justices declared to the committee that the commission of prorogation was directed on important reasons moving the whole council. Yet their lordships affirmed in parliament that they were strangers to any special reasons inducing such prorogation. Considering the extremity to which this kingdom was reduced, and how necessary it was to give the petitioners satisfaction by just and honourable means, the house thought fit to desire to know the reasons. But the lords justices alone, having seen the petition, denied to consent to suspend the execution of the commission, or to signify the reasons.

21. Speaker John Temple's address from Dublin to the Duke of Ormond

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1661

    John Temple, as speaker of the Irish House of Commons, sent an address from Dublin to the Duke of Ormond. The address expressed the Parliament's satisfaction with the King's choice of Ormond as lieutenant and chief governor of Ireland and acknowledged his past service in subduing the rebels.

    Read the passage

    I am commanded by the knights, citizens, and burgesses, now assembled in the parliament of this his majesties kingdom of Ireland, to make known to your grace the great contentment and satisfaction they have in the contemplation of the high wisdom of his majesty, in the happy choice he hath made of your lord- 20 ship to be his lieutenant and cheif governour of this his kingdom; and as they cannot but retaine a thankfull memory of your lordships noble actings here, when you formerly held that high place in this kingdom, and your great care and indefatigable labours in those troublesome times, with the often hazard of your life, toward subduing the rebels in this kingdom, and reduceing them to the obedience, by the laws of God and nature, due from them to the king's sacred person and royall authority ; so they do also acknowledge, with all humble thankfullness to your grace, the endeavours you have used under his sacred majesty, since his happy restauration, for laying sure foundations, as for the firm establishing of the true reformed protestant religion settled by law in this kingdom, so of the English interest in this his majesties kingdom, to the great joy and contentment of all his majesties good subjects. And they have commanded me to assure your grace, that they will be ready and forward, upon all occasions, to contribute their best endeavours, under your lordships government, for the honour and service of his majesty, the good and welfare of this his kingdom, and the contentment and satisfaction of your lordship. Having thus signified unto your grace what was given me in charge by the house, I shall only beseech your grace to believe that I am, and shall be most ready upon all occasions to shew myself

    Your grace's most affectionate and most faithfull servant, Dublin, Dec. 6, 1661. JOHN TEMPLE, speaker.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, in 1661, was the seat of a parliament that had something to say to the man the King had chosen to govern Ireland. John Temple, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, wrote an address to the Duke of Ormond on the 6th of December that year. He spoke for the knights, citizens, and burgesses assembled in the parliament of the King's kingdom of Ireland, and he told Ormond of the great contentment and satisfaction they felt at the King's choice of him as lieutenant and chief governor. The parliament could not but retain, Temple wrote, a thankful memory of Ormond's noble actings when he had formerly held that high place in the kingdom. They remembered his great care and indefatigable labours in those troublesome times, and the often hazard of his life, toward subduing the rebels and reducing them to the obedience due to the King's sacred person and royal authority. They also acknowledged, with humble thankfulness, the endeavours Ormond had used since the King's happy restoration for laying sure foundations. These were for establishing the reformed Protestant religion settled by law in the kingdom, and for the English interest there, to the great joy and contentment of all the King's good subjects. They commanded Temple to assure Ormond that they would be ready and forward, upon all occasions, to contribute their best endeavours under his government, for the honour and service of the King, the good and welfare of the kingdom, and the contentment and satisfaction of Ormond himself. Temple closed by beseeching Ormond to believe him his most affectionate and most faithful servant.

22. Treasonous paper ordered burnt by hangman in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1665

    The house of commons resolved that the treasonable paper written by Thomas Blood should be burnt by the common hangman at the most public place in the city of Dublin. This was part of the formal censure following the discovery of the conspiracy against the lord lieutenant.

    Read the passage

    think fit, to command the said paper or copy thereof, to be burnt by the hand of the common hangman at the most publick place in this city.

    IV. That all and every the said persons be, and are hereby adjudged and censured to be expelled this house, and made uncapable to serve in this parliament, or any future parliament in this kingdom, and that Mr. Speaker issue warrants for new writs of election to return others to serve in their places.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, 1665. The House of Commons resolved that a treasonable paper written by Thomas Blood be burnt by the hand of the common hangman at the most public place in the city. This followed the discovery of a conspiracy against the lord lieutenant. The same house adjudged the persons involved censured and expelled, made incapable to serve in that parliament or any future parliament in the kingdom.

23. Warrants sent for arrears at Londonderry amid coin scarcity

    Derry · townland · Derry · 1638

    Wentworth reports that warrants have been dispatched for collecting the arrears of Londonderry, with proceeds to be transmitted in specie or by exchange. He observes a great scarcity of coin throughout the kingdom and warns that without proper monetary expedients, the subject will be impoverished and trade cast back.

    Read the passage

    Wee haue used all dilligence, and sent downe our warrants for the arrears of Londondery. Soe soone as brought in, they shall be transmited either in spetie or by letters of exchange. Howbeit, sir, I obserue allready a uery great scarsitye of coyne in the kingdom, and if that expedient, formerly assented by your majesty, be not complyed withall, to witt, that such moneyes as issue hence for the supportt of that crowne should pass by assignment to the parties that are to receiue them on this side, beleeue me, it will insensibly impouerishe the subjectte, and not only hinder the further growth, but much distemper and cast backe the whole trade of the kingdome.

    236 LETTERS ix—

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Derry, in 1638, Wentworth had warrants sent down for the arrears of Londonderry. Once the money was brought in, it was to be transmitted in specie or by letters of exchange. But he already saw what he called a great scarcity of coin in the kingdom. He warned that without the expedient the King had formerly approved, whereby money issued for the support of the Crown should pass by assignment to those meant to receive it on this side, the subject would be insensibly impoverished. It would not only hinder the further growth of trade but, in his words, much distemper and cast back the whole trade of the kingdom.

24. Dublin magazine nearly depleted of powder and victuals

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1645

    Part of the Irish council writes to the king from Dublin reporting that the magazine at Dublin holds only 170 barrels of powder to supply all armies and garrisons in Leinster and Connaght, and that victuals in the stores are nearly exhausted. The letter laments the widespread poverty and desolation across the country where the army has marched, warning the army must soon disband or perish.

    Read the passage

    In the next place, wee doe most humbly offer to your majestie's consideration, that there is now in your magazine at Dublin (which store is to supply all the army and garrisons both in Leinster and Connaght) but i 70 barrells of powder, which in an active warr is very soone spent.

    And lastly, (that which goeth to the very lyfe and being of your army,) your victualls in your stores here are in a maner

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    In 1645, part of the Irish council wrote to the king from Dublin with grim news. The magazine at Dublin held only 170 barrels of powder to supply all armies and garrisons across Leinster and Connacht, which in an active war, as they said, is very soon spent. The victuals in the stores were nearly gone too. They wrote of widespread poverty and desolation wherever the army had marched, and warned the army must soon disband or perish.

25. Becket's complaint about military quartering in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1667

    A man named Becket prepared to complain to parliament about his treatment regarding the quartering of some of the regiment at Dublin. Ormond defends his warrants for quartering as justified by the practice of all times, and states the same warrants must be given to new sheriffs or there will be no regiment at Dublin.

    Read the passage

    In this temper, I patiently, and I thanke God fearelessely for myselfe, attend the consequence of that alteration; yet very highly ualuing and relying on, the frequent assurances I receaue of your lordship's freindship ; which you offer to manifest, in 36 giuing mee such informations as you shall receaue of any contriuance against mee. Of that Becket's preparations to complaine to the parlament of his usuage concerning the quartering of some of the regiment, I had notice from my lord of Anglesey; but cannot yet learne to whome hee made his application. It is possible hee may haue receaued iniury ; but it is impossible I could giue him or any body else redresse whoe held it unfit to complaine to mee. My warrants for quartring the regiment will, I doubt not, be iustifyed in themselues, and by the practise of all times; and the same I must giue againe to the new sheriffs; else there must be no regiment at Dublin, which perhaps may be the thing aimed at, and something else afterwards. In the meane time, I doe not thinke it is my worke to call for complaints (though that I haue done) but to releeue

    _XLIX. APPENDIX. 53

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667, a man named Becket was preparing to complain to parliament about his treatment over the quartering of some of the regiment at Dublin. The Duke of Ormond had word of Becket's preparations from the lord of Anglesey, though he could not learn to whom Becket had made his application. Ormond allowed that Becket may have received injury, but said it was impossible to give redress to anyone who held it unfit to complain to him directly. Ormond defended his warrants for quartering the regiment, saying they would be justified in themselves and by the practice of all times. He said the same warrants must be given again to the new sheriffs, or else there must be no regiment there. He suspected that removing the regiment might be the very thing aimed at, and something else afterwards. In the meantime, Ormond said he did not think it was his work to call for complaints, though he had done so, but to relieve.

26. Drogheda food supply: corn but no mills or fuel

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1641

    Sir Henry Tichborne reports from Drogheda that while there is no shortage of corn, there is a lack of mills and fuel. He has sent all remaining biscuit and some bread, and promises to supply more with all possible speed.

    Read the passage

    HEERE is no want of corne, but of mills and firinge, which I will supplie with the beste diligence I am able ; and now haue sent all the remaine of bissquett, and some bred ; other shall be prouided with all possible speede.

    The lord Neuteruel and some of the gentry of Meathe and Louthe haue sought protextions; others haue offered to submitt themselues, Hues and estate, to his majestic* s mercy; wherof Jeames Bathe is one, come this day into the towne. All others I haue willde to applie themselues vnto your lordship ; for the country people gaue me notice of your beinge in these quarters, which hathe wrought this greate allteration amongst them ; for theay had made, as I am informde, a new combination to leuy forsces to the uttermost of theire power, expected O'KehVs returne with 8000 men. Your lordship knowes theire thousands little exsead hundreds. The greateste strengthe that is amongst them lies in Ardee and Dundalke, which theay endeauor to fortefy. This nighte I hope to gaine better intelligence of theire strengthe and designe, that to morrow your lordship may receue a better accounte of it from,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 128

    As the companion tells it

    Sir Henry Tichborne wrote from Drogheda in 1641 with a report on the town's situation. He said there was no want of corn, but a lack of mills and fuel, which he would supply with the best diligence he was able. He had sent all that remained of biscuit, and some bread, and said more would be provided with all possible speed. Lord Neuteruel and some of the gentry of Meath and Louth had sought protections. Others offered to submit themselves, their lives and estates, to His Majesty's mercy. James Bathe was one, who came into the town that day. Tichborne told all the rest to apply themselves to his lordship, for the country people had given notice of his lordship being in those quarters, which had wrought a great alteration among them. They had made a new combination to levy forces to the uttermost of their power, expecting O'Keefe's return with 8000 men. Their thousands, Tichborne noted, little exceeded hundreds. The greatest strength among them lay in Ardee and Dundalk, which they were endeavouring to fortify. He hoped that night to gain better intelligence of their strength and designs.

27. Fr. Darcy's arrival at Aran with powder

    Innismore · street · Dublin

    During the siege and treaty of Galway, Fr. Darcy came to the isle of Aran with approximately 2,700 weight of powder. The town's inhabitants had already spent and divided among their assistants all the powder brought earlier by Oliver Oge French, about 500 weight across 32 vessels.

    Read the passage

    was not insisted upon by the captain nor my self; finding it impossible to gain it by force, we were in hope by time and fair means to get it from them ; but it had not been of much advantage, as appeareth since; for during the siege and treaty, and upon knowledge of Fr. Darcy's coming to the isle of Aren, as I am informed, they spent and divided among their assistants in town and camp, and conveyed to some others whose aid they expected, if the pacification had not succeeded, all the powder brought by Oliver Oge French, which was accompted about 32 vessels, weight -500; or what was remaining so secretly hid by private merchants, that it could not be discovered. Several moderate and well affected persons of the town were agreed upon by capt.Willoughby and me, who were nominated by those that knew them, and were professed friends to the fort, and to them I gave a large commission under the provincial seal to examine upon oath and all other ways, all those that were suspected to have any powder, armes, or ammunition, and all other witnesses that could discover any thing concerning that subject; and that they should seize upon the same, and deliver over upon accompt to other able and discreet men agreed upon by capt. Willoughby and me, who were upon oath to issue no part thereof but by direction or warrant from me. But for all their care 85 and diligence, there could none considerable be found, but what Fr. Darcy brought, about 2700 weight, which was immediately put into those commissioners hands we had nominated, who approve themselves very honest and faithfull men. After this, upon notice of some resort of strangers to the town, and upon information of some powder suspected to have been privately conveyed away, I sent immediately to the mayor, who by a proclamation freed the town of strangers, and having not force sufficient under my command in his majestie^s pay, I did agree with capt. Willoughby that he should put a garrison into a stone house near the great east gate of the town. I gave him way to put a guard into a castle of mine a mile off the town to keep the passage to the river, and likewise allowed him to place more men about the abbey on the west on Irrconnaght side, both to prevent access of strangers and issuing forth of powder. I sent a warrant to the mayor to apprehend such merchants as were suspected to have hidden and conveyed some powder away, and I am informed that Oliver Oge is put upon the sheriffs hands, and I am in good hope to have him and some others sent into

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 147

    As the companion tells it

    The isle of Aran is where Father Darcy arrived with powder during the siege and treaty of Galway. The town's inhabitants, upon learning of his coming, had already spent and divided among their assistants all the powder brought earlier by Oliver Oge French, about 500 weight across 32 vessels. What remained was so secretly hidden by private merchants that it could not be discovered. Captain Willoughby and the writer agreed upon several moderate and well-affected persons of the town, nominated by those who knew them as professed friends to the fort. They were given a large commission under the provincial seal to examine upon oath and by all other means those suspected of having powder, arms, or ammunition, and all witnesses who could discover anything on that subject. They were to seize it and deliver it upon account to other able and discreet men, sworn to issue nothing without direction or warrant. For all their care and diligence, none considerable powder could be found except what Fr. Darcy brought, about 2700 weight. It was immediately put into the nominated commissioners' hands, who approved themselves honest and faithful men. After this, upon notice of strangers resorting to the town, the writer sent to the mayor, who freed the town of strangers by proclamation. Captain Willoughby put a garrison into a stone house near the great east gate. A guard went into a castle a mile off the town to keep the passage to the river, and more men were placed about the abbey on the west, on Irrconnaght side, to prevent access of strangers and issuing of powder. A warrant went to the mayor to apprehend merchants suspected of having hidden powder. Oliver Oge was put upon the sheriff's hands.

28. Henry Dillon examined at Gormanston

    Gormanston · town · Meath · 1641

    Henry Dillon was at Gormanston on the Saturday before 10 February 1641, where the Lord of Gormanston told him it was ill-taken that the Earl of Ormond had made raids into the country, especially the raid on Naas. The Lord of Gormanston asked Dillon to inform Ormond that his wife and children would answer for any further such journeys.

    Read the passage

    THIS examinant saith, that being at Gormanston on Saturday last, the lord of Gormanston said to him, that it was very ill taken by the country and the Irish army, that the earl of Ormond did make inrodes into the country ; and especially that

    -LIX. CONCERNING STATE-AFFAIRS. 293

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 122

    As the companion tells it

    Gormanston saw a tense exchange in February 1641. Henry Dillon was here on the Saturday before the 10th. The Lord of Gormanston told him it was very ill taken by the country and the Irish army that the Earl of Ormond made raids into the country. He asked Dillon to warn Ormond that his own wife and children would answer for any further such journeys.

29. Ormond at Kilkenny discussing his potential removal

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1667

    The Duke of Ormond writes from Kilkenny on 25 October 1667 about receiving multiple letters, discussing political matters including the late lord chancellor, petitions from adventurers regarding the settlement of Ireland, and preparations should he be called over and removed from his place.

    Read the passage

    As I haue never yet desired any place of imployment from the king, so I will not desire to remooue from any hee has giuen mee, till hee shall thinke it fit, though it should be but for a time. Besydes, it will be hard to haue such a dormant liberty as you write of to your mother sent mee, but that it will be known, and the person or persons, to supply my place in my absence, must be named ; for which I know not if the king is ready. But I suppose, if I should be called ouer upon any pretence of an accusation put in against mee, how frivolous soeuer it may be, it will (whateuer becomes of the proof) attaine the end which may be aymed at ; which is my remoouall. And whoeuer can haue credit enough to obtaine that, may plausibly enough represent, how unfit it may be and unsatisfactory, that the king should send you in my place, or admit of your brother, though ioyn'd as justice with another.

    It is therefore fit you should be prepared upon any such occasion, that if neither of you can be allowed of, the lord chancellor and the lord Dungannon may be justices during my absence; the one being chancellor, and the other martial of the 4 2, army, which is most proper, and for which there is president. But

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 34

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkenny, in 1667. The Duke of Ormond was here, writing a letter on the 25th of October. He had never asked the king for any place of employment, and he would not ask to be removed from any the king had given him, until the king himself thought it fit. But he feared that if he were called over on any pretence of an accusation put in against him, however frivolous, it would attain the end aimed at, which was his removal. Whoever had credit enough to obtain that could plausibly represent how unfit and unsatisfactory it would be for the king to send the letter's recipient in his place, or to admit the recipient's brother, though joined as justice with another. He said it was therefore fit to be prepared. If neither could be allowed, the lord chancellor and the lord Dungannon might serve as justices during his absence, the one being chancellor and the other martial of the army, which was most proper and had precedent. The person or persons to supply his place would have to be named, and he did not know if the king was ready for that.

30. Ormond defends his military governance from Kilkenny

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1680

    The Duke of Ormond, writing from Kilkenny, defends his conduct as governor of Ireland against charges that military places were sold for personal gain, explaining that the practice was introduced by previous governors and that he only permitted it in limited cases for loyal, aging officers. He also mentions his grandson is staying with him in Kilkenny.

    Read the passage

    My grandson is now with me, and is to stay with me till the next spring. In that time I hope to get acquainted with him, and provide a fit person to trust abroad with him. If any such comes into your memory or knowledge, it would be the highest obligation to me and my family to get him for us. I shall think nothing too much to allow a man capable of such a trust, and that probably would make as much of the youth as God has furnished materials for. A proposition was made to me about a month since of a wife for him in the west of England ; and it is still in some faint motion. I am with as much reality as is possible, Sir,

    Your most faithful and most humble servant,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkenny, in 1680, is where the Duke of Ormond writes a letter. His grandson is with him there, and is to stay until the next spring. Ormond hopes in that time to get acquainted with the boy, and to find a fit person to trust abroad with him. He asks for help finding such a man, saying he will think nothing too much to allow someone capable of that trust, someone who would make as much of the youth as God has furnished materials for. A proposition was made to him about a month before of a wife for the grandson in the west of England, and it is still in some faint motion.

31. Rebel shipping at Wexford interrupts supply lines

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1642

    The Irish council reported that rebel ships operating from Wexford interrupted relief supplies arriving by sea. This was caused by neglect of duty among those commanding the ships assigned to guard the kingdom's coasts.

    Read the passage

    Nor haue wee forgotten the supplies of all sorts sent hither by the parliament, but doe very well remember them ; but wee confesse wee know not what releife comeing hether hath beene taken away either by sea or land, or by whom, or what discouragement hath beene given them in return e ; only wee haue heard that the shipping imployed by the rebells at Wexford did give them some interruption at sea ; and that was occasioned by neglect of dutie in those who commanded the ships designed for the guard of the coasts of this kingdome ; and the said shipp bound hether from

    LETTERS CLXXXII.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft

    As the companion tells it

    Wexford was a rebel port in 1642. The Irish council wrote that they remembered the supplies of all sorts sent to them by parliament, but they could not say what relief coming to them had been taken away, either by sea or land, or by whom. They had heard, though, that the shipping employed by the rebels at Wexford did give some interruption at sea. And that, they said, was occasioned by neglect of duty in those who commanded the ships designed for the guard of the coasts of this kingdom.

32. Roscommon garrison grievances over quarter settlements

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon

    The garrison of Roscommon, commanded by Sir Robert Nucomen, along with Sir George St. George, suffered from poor treatment by the confederate party regarding the settlement of quarters. The writer expresses confidence that they will seek redress through proper channels rather than joining the discontented faction.

    Read the passage

    cause to beleeue there is some ground for those apprehentions. On the other side, I am informed that they are not well dealt withall for the setlement of quarters by the confederate party, which is a generall, and, I conceue, true complaint in most places ; and the wants and necessityes of those garrisons therby meeting with dispositians inclined to reuenge, may inuite them to seeke such dangerous remedyes : but I am confident sir Robert Nucomen, the garison of Roscomon, and I hope sir Geo. St. George, if they be agreeued, will apply themselues for redress to your lord- 216 ship, and not ioine in the other way. Your lordship hath a faithfull accompt from me of what hath bin seuerall wayes deliver'd me for truth, and you may be pleased to take such notice of it to ether side, as your lordship shall thinke fitt for the preuention of the other greate inconuenience, and discouery of the truth ; and I that haue greatest cause of complaint, haue dirrected it to another for your lordship's information at your best leisure, wherin your lordship will find me very neerly concernd.

    By a letter newly receued from Mr. justice Dcneliane, I find that his knowledge of the disposition of this prouince, and his good affections to me, hath giuen him incouradgment to intimate somthing to your lordship in my behalf, that I might appeare with some publicke marke of his majestie's fauer, for the better inabling me to serue him ; and that your lordship was pleased to entertaine it with good liking, and a willingnes to extend your power towards the effecting of what should be fittly and seasonably propounded; and that your lordship would take a motion he made into your farther care and consideration, for which I am not able to make a better returne, then to vowe my self faithfully constant to those professions I haue formerly made.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 232

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Roscommon held a garrison in troubled times. Sir Robert Nucomen commanded it, and Sir George St. George served alongside him. The confederate party had not dealt well with them over the settlement of quarters. It was a general complaint, the writer says, true in most places. The wants and necessities of those garrisons, meeting with dispositions inclined to revenge, might invite them to seek dangerous remedies. But the writer had confidence. Sir Robert Nucomen, the garrison itself, and he hoped Sir George St. George too, if they were aggrieved, would apply themselves for redress to the lordship rather than join the other way. The writer calls it a faithful account of what had been several ways delivered to him for truth, and the lordship may take such notice of it to either side as he sees fit for prevention of the other great inconvenience and discovery of the truth. A letter newly received from Mr. Justice Donelane brought further word. His knowledge of the disposition of this province, and his good affections toward the writer, had given him encouragement to intimate something to the lordship on the writer's behalf. He wished the writer to appear with some public mark of his majesty's favour, for the better enabling him to serve. The lordship was pleased to entertain it with good liking and a willingness to extend his power toward effecting what should be fitly and seasonably propounded. The writer vowed himself faithfully constant to the professions he had formerly made.

33. Ship sent into Galway and embezzlement concerns

    Galway · city · Galway · 1667

    A ship was sent into Galway, and Sir Jeremie Smith raised great noise about its supposed great value. The Duke of Ormond expresses concern about embezzlements from the ship before it was sold and a combination of merchants at the buying of her, and notes efforts are underway to recover what can be recovered.

    Read the passage

    I heare from seuerall hands of the great noyse raysed by sir Jeremie Smith, of the great ualue of the ship sent into Gallway. I wish it may proceed from his zeale to the king's profit ; which if it did, I suppose hee would haue giuen the lords commissioners of prizes some pertinent information of it, whylst hee was at Kinsale, and knew the ship was at Gallway. And 1 wish hee would yet let us know, how hee is assured shee was of the ualue, or of the third part of the value hee speakes of. But if shee was worth a million, I know not how more care then was, could

    — LVII. APPENDIX. 63

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 35

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667 a ship was sent into Galway, and Sir Jeremie Smith made great noise about its supposed great value. The Duke of Ormond wished Smith's zeal was for the king's profit, saying if it were, he would have given the lords commissioners of prizes some pertinent information while he was at Kinsale and knew the ship was at Galway. Ormond asked how Smith was assured the ship was worth even a third of the value he spoke of. He expressed concern about embezzlements from the ship before it was sold, and about a combination of merchants at the buying of her. Efforts were underway to recover what could be recovered.

34. Clanricard memoirs once held at Rathcoffey

    Rathcoffey · townland · Laois

    The memoirs of the marquis of Clanricard, relating to the Irish rebellion, were once kept in several volumes at Rathcoffey in the county of Kildare by the late Mr. Wogan. A complete set of these memoirs is no longer to be found anywhere.

    Read the passage

    Lord Clarendon hath in his History given so great a character of the marquis of Clanricard, and raised such an opinion of the usefulness of his memoirs for understanding the true state of the affairs of Ireland in those times, that I have thought it proper to give a series of his letters, not doubting of their being well received by the world. I made all the inquiry I could after these memoirs, which were once in several volumes in the possession of the late Mr. Wogan of Ratchcoffy in the county of Kildare ; but a complete set of them is not now any where to be found. The first volume thereof is in several hands : that which I made use of I owe to the humanity and favour of the earl of Egmond, who very generously communicated it and several other useful papers to me. There is another copy of the same volume among the late archbishop Marsh's manuscripts in the library of S. Sepulchre at Dublin : but the original is in the possession of Dr. Bolton, the present archbishop of Cashel, wrote for the greatest part in the marquis's own hand, though letters are from time to time interspersed throughout it in the handwriting of his secretary. This volume contaiiieth that nobleman's letters and observations from the beginning of the rebellion in October 1641, to the 3©th of August 1643. ^ nave from thence taken the letters here published that were wrote within that space of time ; the rest I copied out of the originals which I have by me, and which were sent by him to the duke of Ormond, with whom (being made lord lieutenant about two months after that latter period) he held a regular and constant correspondence, sending all his accounts, and communicating to him all his observations.

    To these I have now and then added some letters of lord

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 2

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the memoirs of the Marquis of Clanricard were once kept, in several volumes, by the late Mr. Wogan. Lord Clarendon had given such a great character of the marquis in his History, and raised such an opinion of the usefulness of these memoirs for understanding the true state of affairs in Ireland in those times, that the author made every inquiry he could after them. But a complete set is not now anywhere to be found. The first volume survived in several hands. The copy the author used came through the humanity and favour of the earl of Egmond, who generously communicated it along with several other useful papers. Another copy of that same volume sat among the late archbishop Marsh's manuscripts, in the library of S. Sepulchre at Dublin. The original was in the possession of Dr. Bolton, the then archbishop of Cashel, written for the greatest part in the marquis's own hand, though letters were interspersed throughout in the handwriting of his secretary. That volume contained the marquis's letters and observations from the beginning of the rebellion in October 1641, to the 30th of August 1643. The author took from it the letters published within that space of time. The rest he copied from the originals he had by him, sent by the marquis to the duke of Ormond, with whom, being made lord lieutenant about two months after that latter period, he held a regular and constant correspondence, sending all his accounts and communicating all his observations.

35. Ormond's family at Chapelizod

    near Chapelizod · townland · Dublin · 1680

    The Duke of Ormond writes that his mother and son are staying at Chapelizod, and reports that the boy has caught a cold. This brief domestic note places the Duke's immediate family at Chapelizod during his correspondence from Dublin in November 1680.

    Read the passage

    If captain Nicholls bee my lord Loulace's person of great quallity and estate, tho it should bee sworn, the contrary may bee easily prooud. I cannot sweare that there past no such thing as Mr. Samson auers betwixt my lord chancellor and him; but I can safly sweare I neuer heard it, or of it, before ; nor did euer heare the duke mentiond in all the examinations concerning my lord Tyrone. I am sure if I had, it had bin set down, for aU the respect I ow his R. H. I knew very well how many there were that envyed the place I held, that did not lyke my principles or loue my person ; and therefore 1 haue caryd myself with all the caution I could deuise, and espetially in the mater of the plot from the time it was discoured in England, and inquired into here. It was my intrest, as well as my duty, to finde it out; and if, notwithstanding all my paines and industry, I cannot make it so plaine as I desird and others expected, itwill bee hard to blame mee for it ; my life being threatned, and all my fortune concernd in the subsistence of the gouernment and peace of the kingdoms vnder the laws in force. These for the present are onley topicks for discours vpon occasion, till par- 1 oo ticulars are brought in question; I long to know what can bee sayd on the eclercisment. Your mother and sonne are at Chapel-Izod ; the boy has a cold. Vernon's affaire neede not bring him ouer this term.

    The inclosd to the queene is to let her majestie know what kind of man my lord Fingall is, and how vnreasonable his callumnys against his wife are. From the first 3 yeares of her manage, her father and friends were for a separation, but shee allways refusd their aduice ; a circumstance I did not mention in my leter, but may bee added by you. But before you deliver the leter you are to bee directed by my neece Fingall.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere near here, in November 1680, the Duke of Ormond's mother and son were staying at Chapelizod. He mentions it in a letter from Dublin, a single line slipped between weightier matters. The boy has caught a cold. That is all he says about them, and it is the only word of domestic life in a letter otherwise filled with political trouble. Ormond writes about the plot that had been discovered in England and was now being examined in Ireland. He says his life has been threatened, and that his whole fortune depends on the survival of the government and the peace of the kingdoms under the laws in force. He says he has carried himself with all the caution he could devise, knowing there are those who envy the place he holds, who do not like his principles or love his person. He mentions examinations concerning Lord Tyrone, and a Captain Nicholls, and a Lord Loulace. He says he cannot swear that certain things did not pass between the Lord Chancellor and Captain Nicholls, but he can safely swear he never heard of them before. He also encloses a letter for the Queen about Lord Fingall, describing him as an unreasonable man whose calumnies against his wife are false. He notes that from the first 3 years of her marriage, her father and friends urged a separation, but she always refused their advice. He asks that this detail be added by the recipient, and that the letter's delivery be directed by his niece Fingall. He closes by saying Vernon's affair need not bring him over this term.

36. Plan to supply Loughrea garrison with fresh meat

    Loughrea · town · Galway

    The duke announces he is going to Loughrea to arrange, by general consent of the gentry, a settled course for supplying the fort's companies with fresh meat by laying a proportion on each barony. He also plans to settle the English again with safety and reparation for spoils and injuries done to them.

    Read the passage

    the fort. By this accompt I have given your lordships, I hope it will appear I have used all possible diligence and industry in this business of so great importance, and if any error have been committed, or inconvenience happen, I am not to stand charged alone. For the powder of Fr. Darcy's in the commissioners hands, I have taken 5 barrels for my own store, to supply my companies in garrison in this place and at Loghreagh, and for the defence of my bordering castles ; and some moderate proportions I have by warrants issued out to some of the captains and other gentlemen that assisted me, for the defence of their houses and families against evil affected person, having lately found the inconveniency to rely wholly upon the fort for supplies ; for when I went against Gallway and their assistants, I was forced to hazard my self in that service, but with a small proportion of armes, and a very poor quantity of powder, having 3 barrels of my own bought out of Clarke's ship then in the fort, and could come to no part of it during the siege untill near the time of the pacification. The remain of the powder in the commissioners hands is most of it gross powder for ordnance, and I am in treaty with the town, and do believe they will deliver the gross powder into the fort, being above 1 600 weight. I cannot find that a considerable number of armes came to the town at any time, or has been issued out by them. Of those few pieces Fr. Darcy brought, I had 1 6, the fort 6, instead of some of his that were lost in the commotion by default of the town, and, as I am informed, 1 2 were left in his ship brought in by capt. Ashley, and some others taken away coming to the town thro' Ireconnaght : they were in all but 50 and odd at first. I am going to Loghreagh, and do hope to find the gentry so well inclined, as that I shall prevail by a general consent to take a settled course for supply of the companies belonging to the fort with fresh meat, by laying a proportion on each barony ; and likewise to take into consideration how to settle the English again with safety and reparation for the spoiles and injuries done them, the crying sin of blood, which has tainted most parts of the kingdom, not lying here, more than two that were killed in Clarke's ship and 2 or 3 more in the town of Gallway by the rude Kearne of Ireconaght ; the humors and passions of both sides may be the more easily overcome, and some short time, with your lordships allowance and approbation, may frame a right and well disposed settlement, all pai'ts being now in good quietness but the Fla-

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 147

    As the companion tells it

    Loughrea was a garrison town, and a duke once set out for it with a plan. He had lately found the inconveniency of relying wholly upon the fort for supplies. When he went against Galway and their assistants, he was forced to hazard himself in that service with but a small proportion of arms and a very poor quantity of powder, having only 3 barrels of his own bought out of Clarke's ship then in the fort. Now he was going to Loughrea, and he hoped to find the gentry so well inclined that by their general consent he could settle a course for supplying the companies belonging to the fort with fresh meat, laying a proportion on each barony. He had more in mind than meat. He wanted to consider how to settle the English again, with safety and reparation for the spoils and injuries done to them. He spoke of "the crying sin of blood" that had tainted most parts of the kingdom, but said it did not lie heavy here, beyond 2 killed in Clarke's ship and 2 or 3 more in the town of Galway by what he called the rude kern of Iar Connacht. He believed the humors and passions of both sides might be the more easily overcome, and that some short time, with his lordships' allowance and approbation, might frame a right and well disposed settlement. He noted that all parts were now in good quietness.

37. Intelligence of Catholic meetings in Tipperary

    Tipperary · town · Tipperary · 1667

    Ormond writes from Maddenstown enclosing intelligence from Lord Orrery about dangerous meetings and practices of Catholics in County Tipperary. He seeks further information and warns that unless local Catholics conduct themselves more cautiously, he will be forced to give them trouble.

    Read the passage

    I writ to you from Maddenstowne, and in my letter inclosed the extract of one from my lord of Orrery to me imparting intelligence he had received of dangerous practises and meetings of papists in the county of Tipperary, and I expect your knowledge of the matter, as soone as you can give it.

    I now send you a list of lands given me by Mr. Ruthorne, which he sayes are held by me, without right, from some adventurers. You know what my directions haue allwayes beene to my comissioners and servants, to give vpp (even whilest I might legally doe otherwise) whatever I was possessed of, which was but sett out to adventurers or souldiers ; though they had not cleered theire title in the court of claymes. And therefore I cannot easyly beleue, that any, vnder my right, or by vertue of any authority from me, will withould from them what they haue

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667 Ormond wrote from Maddenstown enclosing a letter from Lord Orrery. Orrery had received intelligence of dangerous practices and meetings among Catholics in the county of Tipperary. Ormond expected the recipient to give knowledge of the matter as soon as he could. He also sent a list of lands given him by Mr. Ruthorne, which Ruthorne said were held by Ormond without right, from some adventurers. Ormond reminded the recipient that his directions had always been to his commissioners and servants, to give up even what he might legally hold, whatever he was possessed of that had been set out to adventurers or soldiers, though they had not cleared their title in the court of claims. He said he could not easily believe that anyone under his right or by virtue of any authority from him would withhold from them what they had.

38. Ormond takes country air at Grangebeg for his health

    Grangebeg · townland · Kildare · 1681

    In November 1681, the Duke of Ormond wrote from Dublin that he planned to spend a week at Grangebeg taking the country air, which he preferred to medicine for his health. This was a brief respite from the legal and political business of the term.

    Read the passage

    BY the protraction mentioned in yours of the 8th of this month, I conclude that I shall have time enough to take the country air for a week at Grangebeg ; which for my health I prefer before physic. All the business here belongs to the term and the judges ; and at council there is little more to do than to hear witnesses, some come out of England, and some producing themselves here ; and ah* of them (I doubt) forswearing themselves. Those that went out of Ireland with bad English and worse clothes, are returned wellbred gentlemen, well caronated, periwigged, and clothed. Brogues and leather straps are converted to fashionable shoes and glittering buckles ; which, next to the zeal tories, thieves, and friars have for the protestant religion, is a main inducement to bring in a shoal of informers. But we have erected alderman Reder to the dignity of being our justice warcop, and send them all to him. The worst is, they are so miserably poor, that we are fain to give them some allowance ; and they find it more honourable and safe to be the king's evidence than a cow-stealer, though that be their natural pro- no fession. But seriously, it is vexatious and uneasy to be in awe of such a sort of rogues. Now that they are discarded by the zealous suborners of the city, they would fain invent and swear what might recommend them to another party ; but as they have not the honesty to swear truth, so they have not the wit to invent probably. It is for want of something else to say, that I fall upon this character of an Irish witness.

    The bishop of Meath is yet alive, but (I think) his friends do not hope he will ever come down stairs. The archbishop of Dublin continues very ill, and is much apprehended by his friends.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in November 1681, the Duke of Ormond planned to spend a week at Grangebeg taking the country air. He wrote from Dublin that he preferred it to physic for his health. All the business there belonged to the term and the judges. At council, there was little to do but hear witnesses. Some had come out of England, some produced themselves in Dublin. He feared all of them were forswearing themselves. He described men who had gone out of Ireland with bad English and worse clothes, now returned as well-bred gentlemen, well caronated, periwigged, and clothed. Brogues and leather straps had been converted to fashionable shoes and glittering buckles. He said that, next to the zeal tories, thieves, and friars had for the protestant religion, this was a main inducement to bring in a shoal of informers. They had erected alderman Reder to the dignity of justice warcop, and sent the informers all to him. The worst was that they were so miserably poor that an allowance had to be given them. They found it more honourable and safe to be the king's evidence than a cow-stealer, though that was their natural profession. He said it was vexatious and uneasy to be in awe of such rogues. Discarded by the zealous suborners of the city, they would fain invent and swear what might recommend them to another party. But as they had not the honesty to swear truth, so they had not the wit to invent probably. He said it was for want of something else to say that he fell upon this character of an Irish witness. He added that the bishop of Meath was yet alive, but his friends did not hope he would ever come down stairs. The archbishop of Dublin continued very ill, and was much apprehended by his friends.

39. Ormond writes from Dublin amid political threats

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1667

    The Duke of Ormond writes from Dublin on 29 January 1667, assuring his correspondent of his loyalty to the Duke and Duchess and defending himself against reports that he had broken off friendship with Lord Clarendon. He notes he is threatened with being brought into a difficult condition.

    Read the passage

    IF it weare in another conjuncture, I should hould it needefull to aske your pardon for haueing soe long delayed to make any returne to yours of the 8th of the last moneth brought me by Mr. Burniston. But your lordship, from the condition your father is in, and from that I am threatned to be brought into, cannot but finde my reasonable excuse.

    I assure your lordship, my lord Berkeley could haue noe ground for the report you say he industriously raised of my haueing soe long since to his knowledge broken off frendship with my lord Clarendon from any thing he had heard or could haue obseru'd from me. In the next place, I assure your lordship I value my selfe vpon nothing more then vpon being a very punctuall obseruer of the true rules and offices of frendship, as farre as I am .a competent judge of them. Wherein, as I haue never faiFd

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 34

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, in 1667. The Duke of Ormond wrote from here on the 29th of January, a letter carried into a political storm. He was answering a correspondent whose letter of the 8th of the previous month had been brought to him by Mr. Burniston. He asked pardon for the delay, but said his excuse was reasonable, given the condition the correspondent's father was in, and what Ormond himself was threatened to be brought into. He defended himself against Lord Berkeley, who he said had industriously raised a report that Ormond had long since broken off friendship with Lord Clarendon. Ormond called this groundless, saying Berkeley could have observed nothing of the kind from him. He declared he valued nothing more than being a punctual observer of the true rules and offices of friendship, as far as he was a competent judge of them.

40. Ormond writes from Dublin on cessation treaty proceedings

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1643

    On 21 July 1643, the Marquis of Ormond wrote from Dublin to a lord in Munster regarding his treaty with the Irish for a cessation of arms. He communicated his proceedings on the cessation and requested that copies be shared only with the chief officers, emphasising the king's intentions for preserving the kingdom and protecting Protestant British subjects.

    Read the passage

    But in regard I am not certaine that these my proceedings are yeat come to his majesties hands, nor how farr hee will haue them published, I desire your lordship to comunicate them only to the cheefe oficers, and that noe copys bee taken of them. Soe, my lord, desireing your lordship to assure the comanders with you of my readinesse vpon all occasion to searue them, I rest

    Your lordship's

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 196

    As the companion tells it

    In 1643, the Marquis of Ormond wrote from Dublin to a lord in Munster about his treaty with the Irish for a cessation of arms. He asked that his proceedings be shared only with the chief officers, and that no copies be taken, as he was not certain they had reached the king. He asked the lord to assure the commanders with him of his readiness to serve them.

41. Ormond writes from Dunsoghly after unopposed march

    Dunsoghly · townland · Dublin · 1641

    The Earl of Ormond wrote to the lords justices from Dunsoghly on 5 March 1641, reporting that his march from Dublin had met no resistance. He requested enlarged authority to pursue the rebels as far as the Newry.

    Read the passage

    I COULD by noe meanes procure any body to convey vnto your lordships an accompt of my proceedings since I left Dublin ; and indeede the things wee have don are scarce worth the relation,

    a This word was not originally in the order, but upon the earl of Ormond's desiring an explanation of their meaning, and refusing to let sir Simon Harcourt go upon this expedition as chief commander in his stead, (which the lords justices earnestly desired of him,) it was interlined by sir William Parsons, and yet in the recital of this order in the letter of the whole board to the said earl, dated March 13, 1641, it is omitted.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Dunsoghly, on the 5th of March 1641, the Earl of Ormond sat down to write to the lords justices. He told them he had not been able to find anyone to carry word of his proceedings since he left Dublin. He added that what they had done was scarce worth the relation. His march had met no opposition. The footnote to his letter tells its own story. A word had been added to an order, interlined by Sir William Parsons, after Ormond demanded an explanation and refused to let Sir Simon Harcourt go in his place as chief commander. The lords justices had wanted Harcourt to go. Ormond would not allow it.

42. Ranelagh quarters forces at Athlone Castle

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1642

    Lord Ranelagh writes from Athlone Castle on 22 June 1642, commanding forces stationed there and quartering regiments in castles in Dillon's country bordering Longford. He reports that Lord Ormond came within six miles but retreated to Dublin, declining to pursue a design against County Longford.

    Read the passage

    I was yesterday quartering my own and sir Mich. Earnly'sSi regiments in several castles in Dillon's contry, bordering on Longford, with intent not to remove them on this side the Shannon, untill I have made my commanders acquainted with the course of my proceeding, in case of distinctions, wherein, God willing, I will endeavour to be obeyed.

    If I had time I would say much more; hast makes me to conclude thus briefly ; for which I humbly crave your lordship's pardon, as

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 143

    As the companion tells it

    Athlone, 22 June 1642. Lord Ranelagh writes from the castle there, quartering his own and Sir Michael Earnly's regiments in several castles in Dillon's country, bordering on Longford. He means to keep them on this side of the Shannon until his commanders understand his course of proceeding. He reports that Lord Ormond came within six miles but retreated to Dublin, declining to pursue the design against County Longford.

43. Trinity College land dispute in Kerry

    Kerry · county · Kerry · 1667

    Ormond forwards a petition from the provost, fellows, and scholars of Trinity College Dublin complaining against those acting for him in Kerry regarding land claims. He wishes to be informed whether the complaints are true, as he is chancellor of the university and desires it receive no wrong.

    Read the passage

    I also send you a petition from the provost, fellowes, and schollers of the colledge, complayneing, as you will find by the petition, against those who act for me in Kerry ; I wish a copy of it and of the noate of lands claymed by them may be sent to the commissioners in Kerry, that from them I may know whether the matter of fact complayned of be true or not. If it be, that then they certify vppon what ground they proceed, and particularly, whether those I clayme vnnder, at, or before forty one, were possessed of what I now clayme, or is claymed in my right. For it is possible, the society may be as well misinformed by theire tenants, as that those who act for me may officiously lay clayme to things without justice. But it is a case I desire to be truely informed in, as soone as may be, that the vniversity, of which I am chancellor, may receive noe wrong, whilest I am governor ; much lesse vnder any pretence of my owne interest.

    I haue now received yours of the i yth ; but haue noe more to say on the subiect of it, till I shall againe heare from my lord of Orrery ; onely this, that it had beene better the yong priest had said his last masse then his first, with soe much ceremony and ostentation ; and that vnlesse those of that countrey shall demeane themselues in such things with more caution, I shall be forced to give them more trouble then I am otherwise willing to doe. I remaine

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 30

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667, a dispute over land claims reached the Duke of Ormond here in Kerry. The provost, fellows, and scholars of Trinity College Dublin sent him a petition complaining against those who acted for him in the county. Ormond forwarded the petition and a note of the lands claimed, asking that copies be sent to the commissioners in Kerry so they could determine whether the complaints were true. If the complaints held, he wanted the commissioners to certify on what grounds they proceeded, and particularly whether those he claimed under, at or before forty one, were possessed of what he now claimed, or what was claimed in his right. He acknowledged it was possible the college society had been as well misinformed by their tenants, as that those who acted for him had officiously laid claim to things without justice. But he wanted to be truly informed in the matter as soon as might be, because he was chancellor of the university and desired it receive no wrong while he was governor, and much less under any pretence of his own interest. He also remarked on a young priest who had said his first mass with ceremony and ostentation, and warned that unless those of that country conducted themselves with more caution in such things, he would be forced to give them more trouble than he was otherwise willing to do.

44. Lords justices unable to provision Drogheda adequately

    Drogheda · town · Louth · 1641

    The lords justices wrote from Dublin Castle that they could not send sufficient provisions, shoes, and stockings to Drogheda for the army's needs, instructing Ormond to return after destroying rebels' dwellings in Meath and Dublin.

    Read the passage

    In answere of those severall letters, wee thinke fitt to signifie to your lordship, that haveing fully consulted thereof, wee remaine still constant in those reasons, which induced the resolution taken at this board, that you should not at this tyme passe with his majestie's forces beyond the rever of Boyne, but march in such places betweene the Boyne and the sea as your lordship should thinke fitt. For, besidies many other weighty reasons, which wee shall acquaint your lordshipp with at your returne hether, wee are not possibly able in present to send to Drogheda soe full provision of victualls as is necessary for such an occasion, nor shooes and stockins as your lordship writes. And therefore wee pray your lordship, that after you haue made all the destruction you can vpon the rebells and theire adherents and abetters in the countyes of Meath and Dublin, and the places, townes, and houses, where the rebells, theire adherents or abetters ai'e or haue beene releeved and harbored, or now or lately resided, as in the order of this board of the third of March last is expresed, you returne hether.

    — Lxxin. CONCERNING STATE-AFFAIRS. 307

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 131

    As the companion tells it

    Drogheda in 1641 was a town the lords justices could not supply. Writing from Dublin Castle, they told Ormond they had fully consulted the matter and remained constant in their reasons for not letting him pass with the king's forces beyond the river Boyne at that time. He was to march instead in such places between the Boyne and the sea as he thought fit. They said they were not possibly able to send to Drogheda so full a provision of victuals as was necessary for such an occasion, nor shoes and stockings as he had written. They prayed him, after he had made all the destruction he could upon the rebels and their adherents and abetters in the counties of Meath and Dublin, and upon the places, towns, and houses where the rebels had been relieved and harbored, or had lately resided, as the order of the board of the 3rd of March had expressed, to return thither to them.

45. Ormond writes from Kilkenny on Ireland's prosperity

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1681

    Writing from Kilkenny in July 1681, the Duke of Ormond reports to the King that Ireland has visibly improved beyond reasonable expectation over twenty years, with its career of prosperity likely to continue unless interrupted by civil war or divine judgment.

    Read the passage

    This kingdom improves visibly, and it is improved beyond what could have been reasonably hoped for in the space of twenty years.

    Nor can any thing but a civil war, or some other of God's national judgments, stop the career of prosperity it is in ; and yet our affluence is not so great as to become our disease.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 61

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkenny in 1681. The Duke of Ormond wrote to the King from here in July of that year. He said this kingdom improves visibly, and is improved beyond what could have been reasonably hoped for in twenty years. Only a civil war, or some other of God's national judgments, could stop the career of prosperity it was in.

46. Warships requested for Dublin harbour, 1643

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1643

    In April 1643, the Irish council requested that at least two well-armed ships be stationed at Dublin harbour by mid-April, and that vessels for guarding other parts of the coast be dispatched with all speed.

    Read the passage

    heere at this harbor of Dublin, by the middle of Aprill, at least two shipps of good strength, and that the ships designed for guarding the other partes of the coasts of the kingdome should bee hastened away with all possible speede.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, in 1643. The Irish council asked for at least two well-armed ships to be stationed at Dublin harbour by the middle of April. They also wanted vessels for guarding the other parts of the coast sent with all possible speed.

47. Coleraine retained as Scottish garrison in Ireland

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1643

    A 1643 Scottish resolution to withdraw forces from Ireland would leave only garrisons at Coleraine and Carrickfergus. These strongpoints were considered necessary for the Scots to move troops against the King into England.

    Read the passage

    There is a resolution in Scotland to draw all their forces out of Ireland, leaving only garrisons at Carrykfargus and Colerane, for without them they cannot bring forces against the king into England.

    I desire of your lordshipp to certefye whether there be any cessation concluded in Ireland, as is here reported.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    This is Coleraine. In 1643 there was a resolution in Scotland to draw all their forces out of Ireland, leaving only garrisons at Coleraine and Carrickfergus. Without these strongpoints, the Scots could not bring forces against the king into England. The place mattered because it held open the door for a Scottish army to cross to England.

48. Directions for safety of Kinsale harbour

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1667

    The duke of Ormond responds to complaints that he and the council gave directions to provide for the safety of Kinsale harbour without sending means to do so. He defends the council's position and notes the urgency given the threatening danger.

    Read the passage

    This second letter shall say something to those parts of your seuerall letters (acknowledged by mee in my other letter of this date) as are of more priuate concernement, but uery shortly, to ease your lordship of further trouble. When your lordship sayd I and the councell had giuen you directions to prouide for the safety of Kinsale harbour, and all within it, without sending you meanes to doe it, it must necessarily imploy a complaint or a uery superfluous expression. For such it was, if you did belieue wee had no other meanes to send you then what wee did, and a

    52 APPENDIX. XLVIII—

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 32

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale in Cork was a harbour town whose safety mattered enough to reach the Duke of Ormond in 1667. He had written to a lord there, and this letter answers a complaint. The lord said that Ormond and the council gave directions to provide for the safety of Kinsale harbour and all within it, without sending means to do it. Ormond called the complaint a very superfluous expression, if the lord believed they had no other means to send than what they did. He noted the urgency, given the threatening danger the town faced.

49. Dublin petition against quartering of Ormond's regiment

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1667

    Ormond refers to a rumoured complaint about the quartering of his regiment in Dublin. He notes that the matter had begun to cool after he answered the city of Dublin's petition and one presented by the regiment's officers.

    Read the passage

    But the howses, if they are not much changed in theire temper, will thinke (when the case shall be stated to them) that the aduenturers haue bene uery fauourably dealt with by his ma- 44 jestie ; or that, if they haue not, I haue but a part, and perhaps the least, to answeare for in that affayre ; wherein as I was uery ignorant, so I was not uery interposing. This is all I yet know of any complaint against mee ; except the rumour of a complaint in respect of quartering the regiment, which, since my answeare to the petition of the citty of Dublin, and a petition presented by the officers of the regiment, begins to coole. This account I giue your lordship, least you should not haue had it any other way ; and because of the parte you are pleased to take in all the concernements of, My lord,

    Your lordship's most affectionate and most humble seruant,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 36

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, 1667. There was a complaint, or at least a rumour of one, about the quartering of Ormond's regiment in the city. The citizens of Dublin had petitioned against it. The officers of the regiment had presented a petition too. Ormond himself answered both. He wrote that after his answer to the petition of the city of Dublin, and the petition presented by the officers, the matter begins to coole. He said this was all he yet knew of any complaint against him, apart from talk about the adventurers and whether they had been favourably dealt with by the king. In that affair he said he had but a part, and perhaps the least, to answer for, and that he was very ignorant and not very interposing. He signed himself as your lordship's most affectionate and most humble servant.

50. Lord Taaffe's departure from Waterford and election of agents

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    Letters from Lord Taaffe, sent at his departure from Waterford, report on proceedings there including the election of agents for the upcoming negotiation into England. The writer expresses hope that the elected persons will discharge their employment with duty and discretion for the good of the country.

    Read the passage

    BY letters from my lord Taaffe at his departure from Waterford but lately come to my hands, I receued some breefe touches of the proceedings there, and election of agents ; and if they haue that free power without limitation, which his lordship conceiues, I doe hope those persons will discharge their imployment with duty and discretion, to his majestie^s satisfaction, and the good of their contrey. And as I haue formerly expressed my self freely to your lordship concerning the violent cariages of some I forbore to name, soe I shall begg leaue to doe that right to others of them, to giue your lordship asurance, that some doe dilligently labour to instruct the iudgments, and temper the dispositians of many, not only to be less high then those that are most lofty, but euen, as I conceiue, to that moderation as may come nere to answere your lordship^s expectation in his majestie's behalf; if they will be capable of the good counsells that are giuen them, I must confess, by much the fewer number.

    I find both here and in other partes, they haue raised spirrits which goes beyond their skill to coniure downe, or keepe within the circle of obedience to their authority ; and that many doe long for the former gouernment, that may more powerfully suppress disorder then the supreame title by which they are now gouern'd; that, and the presaruation and peace of this poore kingdome wholy depending vpon the good success of the intended negotiation into England.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 232

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford is the place where Lord Taaffe's letters were sent, at his departure from the city. The letters, which had but lately come to the writer's hands, gave some brief touches of the proceedings there, and the election of agents. The writer expressed hope that those elected persons, if they had that free power without limitation which Lord Taaffe conceived, would discharge their employment with duty and discretion, to his majesty's satisfaction, and the good of their country. The writer had formerly expressed himself freely concerning the violent carriages of some he forbore to name. He gave assurance that others of them did diligently labour to instruct the judgments and temper the dispositions of many, not only to be less high than those that were most lofty, but even to that moderation as might come near to answer the expectation in his majesty's behalf, if they would be capable of the good counsels that were given them, though by much the fewer number. The writer found both there and in other parts that they had raised spirits which went beyond their skill to conjure down, or keep within the circle of obedience to their authority. Many did long for the former government, that might more powerfully suppress disorder than the supreme title by which they were now governed. The preservation and peace of this poor kingdom wholly depended upon the good success of the intended negotiation into England.

51. Scottish garrisons planned at Carrickfergus and Coleraine

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1643

    In 1643, Scotland resolved to withdraw all its forces from Ireland, intending to retain only garrisons at Carrickfergus and Coleraine. These garrisons were deemed essential for the Scots to mount forces against the King in England.

    Read the passage

    There is a resolution in Scotland to draw all their forces out of Ireland, leaving only garrisons at Carrykfargus and Colerane, for without them they cannot bring forces against the king into England.

    I desire of your lordshipp to certefye whether there be any cessation concluded in Ireland, as is here reported.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    Carrickfergus, in 1643. Scotland resolved to draw all their forces out of Ireland, leaving only garrisons at Carrickfergus and Coleraine. Without those two garrisons, they could not bring forces against the King into England. A letter followed, asking whether any cessation had been concluded in Ireland, as was reported.

52. Commissioners' land work debated in Ireland

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1667

    Ormond remarks from Dublin that if all the commissioners have done should be made void, it would have been better for most of the kingdom if they had never begun. He notes the commissioners themselves are not esteemed by the kingdom, and that adventurers seeking to have their interests governed by strict acts may not much mend themselves.

    Read the passage

    Last night one of the commissioners told me their worke of publique sitting would be at an end in a fortnight ; but if all they haue done shall be made voyd, it had been well for most of this kingdome (for they themselues are not esteemed of it) if they had neuer began. And if the adventurers shall be held to the strictnes of the acts, they would now seeme to desire to haue their interest gouerned by, it is doubted by some, who vnderstand those acts better then I doe, that they will not much mend themselues.

    I conclude with my hearty thanks for your care of me, and the information you giue to, My lord,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 40

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667 Ormond wrote from Dublin about the commissioners and their land work. A commissioner told him their public sittings would be at an end in a fortnight. Ormond remarked that if all they had done should be made void, it would have been well for most of this kingdom if they had never began. He noted the commissioners themselves are not esteemed by the kingdom. And if the adventurers shall be held to the strictness of the acts they now seem to desire to have their interest governed by, it is doubted by some who understand those acts better than Ormond did that they will not much mend themselves.

53. Complaints against the Governor of Derry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1668

    The Duke of Ormond notes that daily complaints from Derry regarding the governor are being sent to Sir Arthur Forbes. He remarks that nothing can be made of them in England, but that the matter should be properly examined in Ireland.

    Read the passage

    I find many complaints from Derry of the governour are 65 dayly sent to sir Arthur Forbes. Nothing can be made of them heere; but it is fitt the matter be well examined there.

    Why thai/, 24 Sep. 1668.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 49

    As the companion tells it

    Derry, in 1668. The Duke of Ormond found that daily complaints from Derry about the governor were being sent to Sir Arthur Forbes. He said nothing could be made of them in England, but that it was fit the matter be well examined there.

54. Manuscript copy held at St Sepulchre's Library, Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    A copy of the first volume of the marquis of Clanricard's memoirs was held among the late archbishop Marsh's manuscripts in the library of St Sepulchre at Dublin. The original manuscript, largely in Clanricard's own hand, was in the possession of Dr. Bolton, archbishop of Cashel.

    Read the passage

    Lord Clarendon hath in his History given so great a character of the marquis of Clanricard, and raised such an opinion of the usefulness of his memoirs for understanding the true state of the affairs of Ireland in those times, that I have thought it proper to give a series of his letters, not doubting of their being well received by the world. I made all the inquiry I could after these memoirs, which were once in several volumes in the possession of the late Mr. Wogan of Ratchcoffy in the county of Kildare ; but a complete set of them is not now any where to be found. The first volume thereof is in several hands : that which I made use of I owe to the humanity and favour of the earl of Egmond, who very generously communicated it and several other useful papers to me. There is another copy of the same volume among the late archbishop Marsh's manuscripts in the library of S. Sepulchre at Dublin : but the original is in the possession of Dr. Bolton, the present archbishop of Cashel, wrote for the greatest part in the marquis's own hand, though letters are from time to time interspersed throughout it in the handwriting of his secretary. This volume contaiiieth that nobleman's letters and observations from the beginning of the rebellion in October 1641, to the 3©th of August 1643. ^ nave from thence taken the letters here published that were wrote within that space of time ; the rest I copied out of the originals which I have by me, and which were sent by him to the duke of Ormond, with whom (being made lord lieutenant about two months after that latter period) he held a regular and constant correspondence, sending all his accounts, and communicating to him all his observations.

    To these I have now and then added some letters of lord

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 2

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin holds a library that once kept a copy of something many people were searching for. The library of St Sepulchre held among the late Archbishop Marsh's manuscripts a copy of the first volume of the Marquis of Clanricard's memoirs. Lord Clarendon had given such a great character of the Marquis of Clanricard in his History, and raised such an opinion of the usefulness of his memoirs for understanding the true state of the affairs of Ireland in those times, that the author thought it proper to give a series of his letters. He made all the inquiry he could after these memoirs, which were once in several volumes in the possession of the late Mr. Wogan of Ratchcoffy in the county of Kildare. But a complete set of them is not now anywhere to be found. The first volume is in several hands. The copy the author made use of came through the humanity and favour of the Earl of Egmond, who generously communicated it and several other useful papers. The original, though, is in the possession of Dr. Bolton, the present Archbishop of Cashel, written for the greatest part in the Marquis's own hand, though letters are from time to time interspersed throughout it in the handwriting of his secretary. This volume contains that nobleman's letters and observations from the beginning of the rebellion in October 1641 to the 30th of August 1643.

55. Ormsbyes at Castle Coote resolve to join the Scots

    Castlecoote · townland · Roscommon

    Lord Clanricarde reports strong apprehensions that the Ormsbyes and others at Castle Coote in County Roscommon have resolved to join the Scottish forces should they stir, and have actively invited the Scots into the province. His own observation of their carriage gives him cause to believe these fears are well grounded.

    Read the passage

    It is strongly apprehended here, that those at Castle Coote, the Ormsbye's, and some others in the county of Boscomon, haue not only resolued to ioine with the Scotts, if they stirre, but haue giuen them many inuitations to come into this prouince ; and my obseruation of their cariage and proceedings giues me

    — ccv. CONCERNING STATE-AFFAIRS. 533

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 232

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Castlecoote, Lord Clanricarde feared what the Ormsbyes and their company had decided. He reported that they had resolved to join the Scots if they stirred, and had sent many invitations urging the Scots to come into the province. His own observation of their carriage and proceedings, he wrote, gave him cause to believe these fears were well grounded.

56. Coleraine and Derry customs linked to Kilmore command

    near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1637

    Wentworth noted that the increase of the king's customs at Coleraine and Derry depended heavily on the vigilance and trustworthiness of the commander stationed at Kilmore Castle, underscoring the economic and strategic relationship between these northern ports and the inland fortress.

    Read the passage

    My lord the duke of Lenos hath signified unto me, that your majesty is plased to be certified from me of the valew and nature of the keepe of the castle of Kilmore ; which I haue dun accordingly, if it please your majesty to call to his lordship for it. The intertainment is not worth one hundred pounds a yeare ; yet it may concerne your majesty sum thousands it be deposited in honest and carefull hands, and such as forth of necessity must a good parte of the yeare be resident upon the place ; the preseruation of your woods and fishings, the increase of your majestie's customs at Coleraine and Derry, much depending upon the vigilance and trust of him that commands there. And consequently, in my poor opinion, unfitt for this noble gentleman, disposed of allready in forraigne imployment, soe as it will not be possible for him upon the place to dischardge those duties which are to be required of him.

    Captaine Kettleby tells me your majesty was pleased to say unto him, that he must prouide to settle in this kingdom, as indeed most requisite it is for the seruis he should ; and an incouradgment it would be unto him, were your majesty gratiously pleased to bestow on him the keeping of this castle. The

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    Coleraine appears in the records of 1637 as a northern port whose customs mattered to the crown. Wentworth had been asked by the Duke of Lenos to report on the value of keeping Kilmore Castle, and he had done so, directing the king to ask Lenos for the account. The income from the post was not worth 100 pounds a year, yet Wentworth told the king that it might concern him thousands if it were not placed in honest and careful hands. The commander there had to be resident on the place for a good part of the year, because the preservation of the king's woods and fishings, and the increase of his customs at Coleraine and Derry, depended much upon the vigilance and trust of the man who commanded at Kilmore. For that reason Wentworth judged the post unfit for a noble gentleman already engaged in foreign employment, since he could not possibly be present to discharge the duties required. Captain Kettleby had told Wentworth that the king said he must settle in this kingdom, and Wentworth thought it would be an encouragement to him if the king were pleased to bestow on him the keeping of the castle.

57. Keepership and strategic value of Kilmore Castle

    near Kilmore · population centre · Dublin · 1637

    Wentworth reported to the king on the value and nature of the keepership of the castle of Kilmore, worth about £100 per year. He stressed that its commander must be resident much of the year, as the preservation of the king's woods and fishings and the increase of customs at Coleraine and Derry depended on the vigilance of whoever held the post.

    Read the passage

    My lord the duke of Lenos hath signified unto me, that your majesty is plased to be certified from me of the valew and nature of the keepe of the castle of Kilmore ; which I haue dun accordingly, if it please your majesty to call to his lordship for it. The intertainment is not worth one hundred pounds a yeare ; yet it may concerne your majesty sum thousands it be deposited in honest and carefull hands, and such as forth of necessity must a good parte of the yeare be resident upon the place ; the preseruation of your woods and fishings, the increase of your majestie's customs at Coleraine and Derry, much depending upon the vigilance and trust of him that commands there. And consequently, in my poor opinion, unfitt for this noble gentleman, disposed of allready in forraigne imployment, soe as it will not be possible for him upon the place to dischardge those duties which are to be required of him.

    Captaine Kettleby tells me your majesty was pleased to say unto him, that he must prouide to settle in this kingdom, as indeed most requisite it is for the seruis he should ; and an incouradgment it would be unto him, were your majesty gratiously pleased to bestow on him the keeping of this castle. The

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    Near the road through Kilmore stands the castle that drew a letter to the king in 1637. Wentworth wrote that the duke of Lenos had told him the king wished to be certified of the value and nature of the keepership of the castle of Kilmore. The post, he said, was not worth 100 pounds a year. Yet it might concern the king sum thousands that it be placed in honest and careful hands, someone who must of necessity be resident upon the place a good part of the year. The preservation of the king's woods and fishings, and the increase of his customs at Coleraine and Derry, depended much upon the vigilance and trust of him that commands there. Wentworth judged it unfit for a noble gentleman already disposed in foreign employment, since it would not be possible for him upon the place to discharge those duties. Captain Kettleby had told Wentworth that the king was pleased to say he must provide to settle in this kingdom. An encouragement it would be to him, Wentworth wrote, were the king graciously pleased to bestow on him the keeping of this castle.

58. Ormond's planned journey to Kilkenny

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1667

    The Duke of Ormond wrote that he had intended to travel to Kilkenny but was delayed because letters arrived on Sunday. He announced he would begin his journey the following day, showing Kilkenny as a key residence in his affairs.

    Read the passage

    I had been now at Kilkenny, but that the letters arriued heere on Sunday last. To morrow I begin my journey. The yaght has orders to attend yours at Hollyhead. If you come not, doe not forgett to send her directions to returne.

    Dub. 25 Febr. 1667. ORMONDE.

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 42

    As the companion tells it

    Kilkenny was where the Duke of Ormond meant to be in 1667. He wrote that he had intended to travel there, but letters arrived on Sunday and delayed him. He announced he would begin his journey the next day. It was a residence that mattered in his affairs.

59. Wentworth at Clonmel writing to the king

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1637

    Lord Deputy Wentworth wrote to King Charles I from Clonmel on 16 March 1637, reporting on the progress of crown services and discussing appointments to the keepership of Kilmore Castle, including his assessment of Captain Kettleby and his warning against trusting Mr. Barre.

    Read the passage

    Your majesty's most faithfull and Clonmell, this i6th of most humble subject and seruant,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 88

    As the companion tells it

    Clonmel, in Tipperary. On 16 March 1637, Lord Deputy Wentworth wrote to King Charles I from this town. He reported on crown services and discussed the keepership of Kilmore Castle. He assessed Captain Kettleby and warned against trusting Mr. Barre.

60. Youghal possessions to be conveyed to the church

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The king requires Lord Cork to remain in Ireland until various writings and evidence concerning Youghal are perfected, so that possessions there can be conveyed back and secured to the church. His departure is delayed lest it retard this pious work.

    Read the passage

    inclined to let his lordship come ouer this winter, in regarde there are diuers writings to be perfected, and euidence deliuered in concerning Youghall, before those possessions can be conueyed backe and secured to the church. And till all be fully done, itt 13 is his majesty pleasure, and so I pray you tell him, he should not remoue, in regarde it is conceaued his coming hether might much retarde the proceede of that pious worke ; which his majesty will not consent vnto in any degree.

    I perceaue by a letter she wen to me by 186, written to her,

    Internet Archive lifeofjamesdukeo05cartuoft, Chapter 86

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal sits along this road in County Cork. The king once held Lord Cork here, in Ireland, through a winter, because of this town. There were writings to be perfected and evidence to be delivered concerning Youghal, before certain possessions could be conveyed back and secured to the church. The king's pleasure was that his lordship should not remove himself until all was fully done, since his coming away might, in the king's words, "much retarde the proceede of that pious worke" — a work the king would not consent to see hindered in any degree.