Limerick, its history and antiquities; ecclesiastical, civil, and military,from the earliest ages, with copious historical, archaeological, topographical, and genealogical notes

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Volunteer corps in Limerick, Clare and Tipperary

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1782

   A listing of volunteer infantry corps raised in Limerick city and county as well as in Clare, including the Loyal Limerick Volunteers, Ennis Volunteers, C. Connell and Killaloe Rangers, Rathkeale Volunteers, and others. Many Catholics were enrolled among the defenders of their native land across Limerick, Tipperary, and Clare.

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   X. Rathkeale Volmitcers. XI. German Fusiliers, James Darcy, Esq. XII. Inchiquin Fusiliers, Sir Hugh Dillon Massy, Bart. XIII. Limerick Independents, John Frendergast Smyth, Esq. XIV. Sixmilebridge Independents, Francis Macnamara, Esq. We have thus given the fullest details of the grand volunteer movement in city and county at this eventful period. Not only in Limerick, but in Tipperary and Clare, many Catholics ■were enrolled among the defenders of their native land. Mr. Francis Arthur, the son of Mr. Patrick Arthur, equipped a corps of artillery at his own expense; but the fact did not prevent him from falling under the ban of Government a few years afterwards ; his life was sought throixgh the infamous agency of a perjured informer of the name of Maum when he was charged with overt acts of high treason in 1798.

   1 This title, lately become extinct, had been held by Edmond Burke's father-in-law. Lord Clare thought to give a prestige and appearance of antiquity to his title by selecting that of an elder member of the Peerage — of whom, indeed, the public know little, save that he once gave Goldsmith a haunch of venison — but as Robert Burns has it :

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 225

   As the companion tells it

   Limerick in 1782 saw a grand volunteer movement. Corps were raised across the city and county, among them the Rathkeale Volunteers, the German Fusiliers under James Darcy, the Inchiquin Fusiliers under Sir Hugh Dillon Massy, the Limerick Independents under John Prendergast Smyth, and the Sixmilebridge Independents under Francis Macnamara. Not only in Limerick but in Tipperary and Clare, many Catholics were enrolled among the defenders of their native land. Francis Arthur, son of Patrick Arthur, equipped a corps of artillery at his own expense. That did not save him. A few years later he fell under the ban of Government. His life was sought through a perjured informer named Maum, and he was charged with overt acts of high treason in 1798.

2. William S. O'Brien convicted of High Treason at Clonmel

   Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1848

   William S. O'Brien, who had represented Limerick County in Parliament, was convicted of High Treason at the Special Commission in Clonmel in October 1848. Samuel Dickson was returned in his place as representative.

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   Fitzgibbon, W. S. O'Brien. W. S. O'Brien, Caleb Powell. W. S. O'Brien, W. Monsell. Samuel Dickson, in place of William S. O'Brien, convicted of High Treason at the Special Commission in Clonmel, October, 184S.|| Wyndham Gocld, in place of S. Dickson, deceased. 1852 W. Monsel!, W. Goold.

   1854 W. Monsell, Clerk of the Ord-

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 439

   As the companion tells it

   Coming up now through Clonmel. In October 1848, this town was where the Special Commission sat, and where William S. O'Brien, who had represented Limerick County in Parliament, was convicted of High Treason. Samuel Dickson was returned in his place.

3. Synod at Clonmacnoise withdraws fealty from Ormond

   Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1650

   A provincial synod assembled at Clonmacnoise where the clergy, weary of Ormond's administration and suspecting him of favouring their enemies, determined to withdraw orthodox subjects from their fealty and obedience to him, enforced by threat of excommunication.

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   • " The clergy of Ireland (says Dr. Arthur) being weary of the unlucky administration of Lord James Marquis of Ormond, Viceroy of Charles II. in Ireland ; and suspecting him of being too favourable to the party of their enemies, whom by his supine neglect he permitted to invade three provinces of the kingdom, and to take all the strongest cities, towns, and fortresses, and to overrun the country at pleasure with impunity ; at last, having assembled a genuine provincial synod, one held at Clonmacnoise, the other at James' town, they determined to withdraw forthwith, all the orthodox subjects from their fealty and obedience to him having signed a public edict [to this effect] enforced by the threat of excommunication. Whereupon the Marquis, being thereby filled with indignation, having caught the Lord Bishop of Killaloe, John O'Molouna, an economical and thrifty man, who had signed that edict, and who, he had heard, had a largo treasure at home ; while staying in a certain castle in the neighbourhood, he dispatched some English spies, followers of his own, who seized upon him and upon £1400 sterling, which he had wrapped up in large woolsacks, and placed him before his judgment seat ; after committing him to custody, and thus making him pay the penalty of his own rashness and that of others, at last, after one or two months upon his asking pardon he let him go ; having in the meantime allocated all the money to the King's army. In reference to which I wrote the following verses." — Which verses we may add, with every respect for the worthy Doctor's memory, by no means reflect credit upon his muse, as will appear from the following translation, in which it will be seen we rigidly observe the critical canon of rising and falling with the original : —

   " A cool fourteen hundred the bishop had hoarded,

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 95

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, in 1650, a provincial synod of the clergy of Ireland assembled at Clonmacnoise. The clergy were weary of what Dr. Arthur called the unlucky administration of Lord James Marquis of Ormond, Viceroy of Charles II in Ireland. They suspected him of being too favourable to the party of their enemies. By his supine neglect, they said, he had permitted those enemies to invade three provinces of the kingdom, to take all the strongest cities, towns, and fortresses, and to overrun the country at pleasure with impunity. Having assembled this genuine provincial synod, one held at Clonmacnoise and the other at James' town, the clergy determined to withdraw forthwith all orthodox subjects from their fealty and obedience to him. They signed a public edict to that effect, enforced by the threat of excommunication. Whereupon the Marquis was filled with indignation. He caught the Lord Bishop of Killaloe, John O'Molouna, described as an economical and thrifty man, who had signed that edict. Ormond had heard the bishop had a large treasure at home. While staying in a certain castle in the neighbourhood, he dispatched some English spies, followers of his own, who seized the bishop and 1400 pounds sterling, which he had wrapped up in large woolsacks. He placed the bishop before his judgment seat and committed him to custody, making him, as Dr. Arthur put it, pay the penalty of his own rashness and that of others. After one or two months, upon his asking pardon, Ormond let him go, having in the meantime allocated all the money to the King's army.

4. Archbishop Butler dies and is buried at Westcourt

   near Westcourt · street · Dublin · 1757

   The Archbishop of Cashel for 45 years died at Westcourt on 4 September 1757, aged 84. He was born at Kilcash in 1673 and was buried in the Butler family vault at Westcourt.

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   2 His Grace died at Westcourt on tlio 4th September, 1757. He was born at Kilcasli, in 1673, and resigned his paternal estate and the riglit ol" succession to the Duke of Ormonde's estate and the Earldom of AJrran, to his younger brotlier, in order to embrace the ecclesiastical estate, lie was 45 years Ai'chbishop of Cashel, with the greatest applause, and was 84 years of age when died. He was bnriod in the family vault of the Butlers at Westcourt.

   8 White's MSS,

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 357

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about Westcourt, an Archbishop of Cashel died on the 4th of September 1757. He was 84 years old. Born at Kilcash in 1673, he resigned his paternal estate and the right of succession to the Duke of Ormonde's estate and the Earldom of Arran to his younger brother, to embrace the ecclesiastical estate. He served 45 years as Archbishop of Cashel, with the greatest applause. He was buried in the Butler family vault.

5. Augustinian chapel built in Creagh Lane, Limerick

   Creagh Lane · street · Limerick · 1778–1823

   In 1778 the Hermits of St. Augustine erected a neat chapel and chapel-house in Creagh Lane, which they occupied until 1823. Their chapel was the first in the city to have an organ.

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   In 1778 the Hermits of St. Augustine erected a neat chapel and chapelhouse in Creagh Lane, which they occupied until 1823. Their community were never less than three, and were sometimes four. Their chapel was the first in the city in which an organ was erected.

   The removal of the community from Creagh Lane to George's Street, which occurred in 1823, was occasioned by the pressing demands for increased accommodation, and by an opportunity which now occurred of purchasing the new theatre, which had been recently built, in consequence

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 370

   As the companion tells it

   In 1778 the Hermits of St. Augustine erected a neat chapel and chapel-house in Creagh Lane, and they occupied it until 1823. Their community were never less than three, and were sometimes four. Their chapel was the first in the city to have an organ. The removal from Creagh Lane to George's Street came in 1823, pressed by the need for more room and by the chance to buy the new theatre that had been recently built.

6. Augustinian Chapel portico erected in George's Street

   near George's Street · street · Waterford · 1799

   A wooden portico of four Doric columns with its entablature was erected at the entrance of the new Augustinian Chapel in George's-street, Limerick, which had lately served as a theatre.

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   August 16th A wooden portico of four Doric columns with its entablature, erected at the

   entrance of the new Augustinian Chapel (lately a Theatre) in George's-street.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 251

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about George's Street, a wooden portico of four Doric columns with its entablature was erected on the 16th of August, 1799, at the entrance of the new Augustinian Chapel. The building had lately served as a theatre before becoming the chapel.

7. Banishment of Catholic clergy and prohibition of burials in suppressed abbeys

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1697–1698

   An Act required all Catholic clergy exercising ecclesiastical jurisdiction to depart the kingdom before May 1698 or face imprisonment and transportation. Burials in suppressed abbeys or monasteries not used for Church of England services were prohibited under penalty of £10, with magistrates facing £100 fines for neglect.

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   imprisonment till transported ; and if they returned after transportation^ to suffer as in cases of treason. Concealers of such were for the first offence to forfeit £20j for the second £40, and for the third the whole of their lauds and goods. The burying also in any suppressed abbey, monastery, or convent, not made use of for celebrating divine service according to the Liturgy of the Church of England, was prohibited under the forfeiture of £10, and neglect in a magistrate was made punishable by that of £100. Curry denounces in powerful words the treachery that was shown towards the citizens of Limerick.' '' Upon a petition of the mayor, sheriffs, and Protestant aldermen of Limerick, complaining (like the Protestant coal-porters of Dublin before mentioned) that they were greatly damaged in their trade by the great numbers of papists residing in Limerick, and praying to be relieved ; a clause was ordered to be inserted in the Act 'to prevent the further growth of Popery,^ that every person of the Popish religion, then inhabiting wiihin the said city, or its suburbs, should give in sufficient bail or security, before the chief magistrate of the said city, that they would bear themselves faithfully towards her Majesty ; or in default of giving such security, should depart out of the said city and suburbs."

   During a visit of the Duke of Ormonde, who had arrived in Dublin as Lord Lieutenant in May, 1703, to Limerick, in July following, the Catholic citizens entertained a hope that even he might do something to mitigate the asperity of their cruel lot ; but alas ! they were deceived. A so-called " Cathohc" faction existed and opposed the legitimate interests of the great body of the citizens. An Act of Parliament was passed, that not more than twenty Catholics should be suffered to live in the city, and these twenty were to undergo the humiliation of obtaining Hcenses for their good behaviour from an Orange Mayor. White^ denounces in these terms the monstrous state of things at this time. We give the facts in his own language : —

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 164

   As the companion tells it

   In the city of Limerick, the laws passed in 1697 and 1698 fell hard on Catholic life. An Act required every Catholic clergyman exercising ecclesiastical jurisdiction to leave the kingdom before May 1698. If he refused, he faced imprisonment until he could be transported. If he returned after transportation, he would suffer as in cases of treason. Anyone who concealed such a clergyman forfeited £20 for a first offence, £40 for a second, and for a third, the whole of their lands and goods. The burying of the dead in any suppressed abbey, monastery, or convent not used for Church of England services was prohibited. The forfeiture was £10, and a magistrate who neglected to enforce it faced a fine of £100. The mayor, sheriffs, and Protestant aldermen of Limerick petitioned that they were greatly damaged in their trade by the great numbers of papists residing there. A clause was ordered for an Act to prevent the further growth of Popery. Every person of the Popish religion then inhabiting within the city or its suburbs had to give sufficient bail or security before the chief magistrate, promising to bear themselves faithfully towards her Majesty. In default, they were to depart the city and suburbs. When the Duke of Ormonde arrived in Dublin as Lord Lieutenant in May 1703 and visited Limerick in July, Catholic citizens hoped he might mitigate their lot. They were deceived. An Act of Parliament was passed that not more than 20 Catholics should be suffered to live in the city, and those 20 had to obtain licenses for their good behaviour from an Orange Mayor.

8. Battle in the glen of Aherlow — Donogh defeated

   near Glen of Aherlow · valley · Limerick

   Donogh was defeated by Diarmid in a severe battle fought in the glen of Aherlow, as part of the campaign in which Limerick and Emly were burned.

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   Donogh's deposition was now a proximate event. — Diarmid invaded Munster, once more burned Limerick and Emly, and defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kiucora, with the town and Church of KiUaloe ; and Turlogh and the Lagenians once more burned Limerick in the year 1063, and exacted hostages throughout Munster. At last being utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster, at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, he abdicated the crown of Munster, thus transferring his royal honors to his nephew. In the hope of atoning for his sins he afterwards set out on a pilgrimage to Eome, where he died with every appearance of sincere penitence, in the Monastery of St. Stephen, in the year 1064. Some writers assert that Donogh not only left the croAvn and regaha of Ireland with the Pope but made him over his kingdom, an empty compliment, if it took place at aU, which is not probable, as it is not mentioned by any of the old annahsts. It is added by those who tell this story, that the crown was afterwards given to Henry the II. by Pope Adiian the Fourth after the Norman conquest.'^

   ' Annals of Four Masters.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 18

   As the companion tells it

   The Glen of Aherlow is a valley the road passes through, and it saw a severe battle in the time of Donogh, king of Munster. Donogh's fall was close. Diarmid invaded Munster, burned Limerick and Emly once more, and met Donogh in battle here in this glen. Donogh was defeated. Around the same time, Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kincora, with the town and the Church of Killaloe. Then Turlogh and the Lagenians burned Limerick again in the year 1063, and took hostages throughout Munster. Donogh was utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, and he gave up the crown of Munster, passing his royal honors to his nephew. Hoping to atone for his sins, he set out on pilgrimage to Rome. He died in the Monastery of St. Stephen in the year 1064, with every appearance of sincere penitence. Some writers say Donogh left the crown and regalia of Ireland with the Pope, even handed over his kingdom. The book calls that an empty compliment, if it took place at all, since no old annalist mentions it. Those same writers say the crown was later given to Henry the Second by Pope Adrian the Fourth, after the Norman conquest.

9. Battle of Tully O'Dea

   Tulla · town · Clare · 1311–1312

   Donogh and Brian Bane, grandsons of Brian Roe, were defeated at the battle of Tully O'Dea and forced to flee to Bunratty to seek the assistance of De Clare, which was granted.

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   The first entry in the Annals of the Four Masters for 1310, states that " Conor O^Brien the best roydamna (heir presumptive, literally, ' makings of a king,^) was treacherously slain by the black Enghsh."^ In the year 1311, was fought the battle of Bunratty, in which 630 gallowglasses of Donogh^'s army were killed, and De Burgho taken prisoner. The besiegers were commanded by the Red Earl of Ulster, Clonroad Castle was burned to the ground ; Donogh himseK was treacherously slain by a relative, and his successor Dermod died m the same year in which he was chosen.'' These events are somewhat differently recorded by the Annalists of Clomnacnoise, who state that he was deposed and succeeded by IMurtagh son of Turlogh. On the death of Dermod, his kinsmen Donogh and Brian Bane, grandsons of Brian Roe, once more took the field with the families of the Hy-Mbloyd. They were defeated at the battle of Tully O'Dea, and obhged to fly to Bunratty to seek the assistance of De Clare, which was granted. In the year 1313 Donough, supported by the English, vanquished his enemies, drove Murtagh O^Brien and his brother into Connaught, and was himself formally inaugurated King of Thomond.^ The next year, however, a new di\dsion of territory took place by a decision of the States of Thomond, who awarded the eastern portion to Murtagh with the addition of Clonroad and Hy Cormac, the present barony of Islands. Muitagh O^Brien, encouraged by the in-

   remaiuing within.'' And as the sows also turned out useless to the besiegers, being taken in a successful sally on the 27th of Feburary, they raised the siege.

   Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 38

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Tulla in Clare lies near the ground where the battle of Tully O'Dea was fought, in the years 1311 and 1312. The Annals of the Four Masters record that in 1310, Conor O'Brien, the best heir presumptive, was treacherously slain by the black English. In 1311 the battle of Bunratty was fought. Six hundred and thirty gallowglasses of Donogh's army were killed, and De Burgho was taken prisoner. The besiegers were commanded by the Red Earl of Ulster. Clonroad Castle was burned to the ground. Donogh himself was treacherously slain by a relative, and his successor Dermod died in the same year he was chosen. The Annalists of Clonmacnoise tell it differently, saying Donogh was deposed and succeeded by Murtagh, son of Turlogh. On the death of Dermod, his kinsmen Donogh and Brian Bane, grandsons of Brian Roe, took the field once more with the families of the Hy-Mbloyd. They were defeated at the battle of Tully O'Dea and obliged to fly to Bunratty to seek the assistance of De Clare, which was granted. In 1313 Donogh, supported by the English, vanquished his enemies, drove Murtagh O'Brien and his brother into Connaught, and was himself formally inaugurated King of Thomond. The next year a new division of territory took place by a decision of the States of Thomond, who awarded the eastern portion to Murtagh with the addition of Clonroad and Hy Cormac, the present barony of Islands.

10. Bill for self-governance of Newtown-Pery / St. Michael's Parish

    Newtown Pery · population centre · Limerick

    A bill was introduced in Parliament for the improvement of St. Michael's Parish, aimed at self-governance of Newtown-Pery. The Common Council opposed it with a long and angry petition, arguing it would subject persons to fines and deprive them of property.

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    Alarmed at tbe consequences, a special meeting of the Common Council was held to discuss this matter as of great importance. The bill was introduced in Parliament for " the improvement of St. Michael's Parish." This was a step which the Corporation felt would prove most injurious to the chartered monopohsts, and to au irresponsible system of pubHc plunder ; and every opposition that the council and its adherents could give the efforts of the citizens to right themselves, was cast in their way by that body. A lono- and angry petition against the measure, was agreed to at this meeting of the council. To show how their honours the Corporators felt on the occasion, they allege in this petition, " that if said bill be passed into a Law it will authorise certain Commissioners, whose names are altogether unknown to Petitioners, many of whom are housekeepers and inhabitants of said parish, to appoint an unlimited number of officers, clerks, &c. at unreasonable salaries^ and empower them to raise taxes for the purposes of said bill, far exceeding what the occasion will requu?e, — will subject persons to fines for trivial and undefined offences, as well as to be deprived of their property,

    tofore done him justice. Tiiey have paid too much attention to the politician, and too little to

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    Newtown Pery, the growing quarter of Limerick, stood on the ground of St. Michael's Parish. A bill went before Parliament for the improvement of that parish, a move toward self-governance. The Common Council saw it as a threat and called a special meeting, treating the matter as one of great importance. The Corporation felt the bill would prove most injurious to the chartered monopolists, and to an irresponsible system of public plunder. Every opposition that the council and its adherents could give to the efforts of the citizens to right themselves was cast in their way. A long and angry petition against the measure was agreed to at that meeting. The Corporators alleged that if the bill passed into law, it would authorise certain commissioners whose names were "altogether unknown to Petitioners," many of whom were housekeepers and inhabitants of the parish. These commissioners, they said, would appoint an unlimited number of officers and clerks at unreasonable salaries, and would be empowered to raise taxes far exceeding what the occasion would require. The petition warned that persons would be subjected to fines for trivial and undefined offences, and deprived of their property.

11. Brian sailed past Holy Island monasteries on Lough Derg

    near Inishcaltra or Holy Island · townland · Clare · 1014

    Tradition holds that Brian Boru sailed under the shadow of the towers and steeples of the monasteries and churches of the Holy Island (Innis Cailthra) on Lough Derg as he proceeded up the lake from Kincora on his way to the Battle of Clontarf.

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    Among the inferior notabilia of the battle of Clontarf, which lasted one, not three days, as the Latin writers quoted by Lanigan has it, we may mention that tradition says that Brian sailed under the shadow of the towers and steeples of the monasteries and churches of the Holy Island (Innis Cailthra) on Lough Dergh, as he proceeded up the Lake from Kincora, and that in the Norse, Broder, the slayer of Brian, is stated to have called all present to witness that it was he who killed him.*

    1 Some, however, say that they were buried at Kilmainham, in the old church Icnown as " Bully's Acre," with the bodies of Thadeus O'Kelly, and other lords— while some assert they brought it to Cashel. Dr. O'Donovan remarks (Annals of the Four Masters, 1013, note b.) that Moore has adopted in his interesting account of this battle the falsifications made in the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen by Dr. O'Brien, who was assisted by John Conroy — such as the presence of Tadphy Tadhg O'Connor, son of the king of Connaught and of Maguire, in the battle at which it seems they were not present. The Annals of Clonraacnoise state that all the Leinster chiefs, except O'Moore and O'Nolan, took part with the Danes, and that the O'Neals forsook King Brian in this battle, as did all Connaught (?) except Hugh, the sou of Ferral O'Rorke, and Teigue O'Kelly.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, tradition says Brian Boru sailed under the shadow of the towers and steeples of the monasteries and churches of Holy Island, or Innis Cailthra, on Lough Derg. The year was 1014, and he was making his way up the lake from Kincora, heading toward the Battle of Clontarf. The towers and steeples of this place would have been standing as he passed, and the tradition fixes his course along this water. The battle he was sailing to meet lasted one day, not three as some Latin writers quoted by Lanigan claimed. At Clontarf, Brian was killed. A Norse account says a man called Broder, the slayer of Brian, called all present to witness that it was he who killed him. Where Brian's body was buried became its own matter of dispute. Some say he was laid at Kilmainham, in the old church known as Bully's Acre, with the bodies of Thadeus O'Kelly and other lords. Others say he was brought to Cashel. The Annals of Clonmacnoise add that all the Leinster chiefs took part with the Danes, except O'Moore and O'Nolan, and that the O'Neals forsook King Brian in the battle.

12. Cathedral repairs of 1759 under Dean Hoare

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1759

    During the incumbency of Rev. Dean Hoare in 1759, while Sexton Baylee was mayor, £1,327 14s. 3d. was expended in repairs, alterations, and restorations of St. Mary's Cathedral. An additional £100 was raised by the sale of pews.

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    During the incumbency of the Kev. Dean Hoare, in 1759, while Mr. Sexton Baylee was mayor, a sum of £L,327 14s. ^■^d. was expended in repairs, alterations, and restorations, under the dii'cctions of the rev. gentleman. A sum of £100 was raised by the sale of pews at this peiiod. In 1680, the south door and porch (as seen in the view of the cathedral given in Ware's Bishops), were added to the church, and a pavejnent made from them to the main street, or Mary Street. Previous to this, the grand entrance was at the w^estern door, to which it has again been changed, and ■where it is likely to remain as required by the conveniences of the approaches, and the disposition, etc., of the interior of the cathedral.

    596 HISTORY OP LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 342

    As the companion tells it

    In 1759, Limerick saw significant work at St Mary's Cathedral. Dean Hoare oversaw repairs, alterations, and restorations during his incumbency, while Sexton Baylee served as mayor. The sum spent came to £1,327 14s. 3d. A further £100 was raised by the sale of pews at this period. The cathedral's entrances had their own history. In 1680, a south door and porch were added to the church, and a pavement was laid from them to Mary Street. Before that, the grand entrance had been at the western door. It was later changed back to the western door, where it was likely to remain, owing to the convenience of the approaches and the disposition of the cathedral's interior.

13. Catholics compelled to register in Limerick despite liberty grant

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1731

    Parliament granted Catholics liberty to dwell in Limerick without registration, contrary to the Act of 1703, but they were still compelled to enter security for good behaviour. Toxeth Roche was particularly zealous in enforcing this order during his mayoralty.

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    given by Parliament for liberty to Catbolics to dwell in Limerick, without undergoing the process of registration, contrary to the Act of 1703 ; but the Catholics were compelled to enter into security for their good behaviour.^ Toxeth Roche/ a bigot and a firebrand^ was particular in enforcing this order ; but it may be added, that like many other men equally earnest in enforcing the letter of the law, his owti conduct in the Corporation, did not prove to be above suspicion.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 182

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Limerick. In 1731, Parliament granted Catholics liberty to dwell here without undergoing registration, contrary to the Act of 1703. But Catholics were still compelled to enter into security for their good behaviour. Toxeth Roche, a bigot and a firebrand, was particular in enforcing this order. Yet his own conduct in the Corporation did not prove to be above suspicion.

14. Citizens subscribe £200 for soldiers' families, Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1798

    The citizens of Limerick subscribed £200 for the wives and children of soldiers who went in pursuit of the United Irishmen at Kildare.

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    June 4. £200 was subscribed by the citizens, for the wives and children of the soldiers who went in pursuit of the United Irishmen at Kildare.

    John Hayes, of Bilboa, committed, charged with being an United Irishman, and attempting to shoot John Lloyd, Esq., C.P. for the county.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 235

    As the companion tells it

    In 1798, the citizens of Limerick subscribed £200 for the wives and children of soldiers who went in pursuit of the United Irishmen at Kildare. On June 4, that sum was raised. John Hayes of Bilboa was committed, charged with being a United Irishman and attempting to shoot John Lloyd, peace officer for the county.

15. Cobbett visits Limerick and dines at Murroe

    Moroe · town · Limerick · 1834

    On October 15th, 1834, the celebrated public writer Mr. Cobbett visited Limerick, where he lectured. He dined and slept at the residence of the Very Rev. T. O. B. Costello, P.P. of Murroe.

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    October ISth. — Mr. Cobbett, the celebrated public writer, visited Limerick. He lectured in Limerick ; and diued and slept at the residence of the very Rev. T. 0. B. Costello, P.P., Murroe.

    Signor de Bcgnis, the celel^rated vocalist, visits Limerick,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 277

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through Murroe. In October 1834, the celebrated public writer Mr. Cobbett visited Limerick and lectured there. He dined and slept at the residence of the Very Reverend T. O. B. Costello, the parish priest of Murroe.

16. Composition of Connaught session at Ennis monastery

    Ennis · town · Clare · 1585

    The governor of Connaught and Dublin council members held a session at the monastery of Ennis in County Clare to enact the Composition of Connaught. Universal ordinances were established, including a rent of ten shillings per quarter of land paid to the queen, plus five shillings to the Lord of Thomond, with liberties and church lands excepted.

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    " The governor of the province of Connaught with a number of other men of distinction, and of the council of Dublin, went to the province of Connaught, to hold in the first place a session in the monastery of Ennis, in the comity of Clare. Here they enacted universal ordinances, namely : — that ten shillings should be paid to the queen for every quarter of land in the country, as well ecclesiastical as lay lands, except the liberties which they themselves consented to grant to the gentlemen of the country ; and that over and above the queen^s rent, five shillings should be paid to the Lord of Thomond for every quarter of land free and unfree,^ in the whole country except the liberties and chm'ch lands. They took from the Earl of Thomond the district of Kcuel-Fearmaie [_" barony of Inchiquin,''^] which had been heretofore under tribute to his ancestors, and gave the Lordship of it to the Baron of Inchiquin, Morrough the son of Murrough, son of Dermot O'Brien. It was also ordained and decreed that Tmiough the son of Donnell, son of Connor O'Brien, should have the rents and court of Corcomroe, the Castle of Dumhach, in succession to his father, to whom it had first been given out of the Lordship of Thomond, by the Earl of Thomond, namely Connor the son of Donough O'Brien. They deprived of title and tribute, every ^head

    ' Cox, Hib. Angl. See these indentures in Hardiman's edition of O'Flaherty's Description of Jar Connaught, pp. 309-362.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 67

    As the companion tells it

    Ennis in County Clare was where the Composition of Connaught took shape. In 1585 the governor of the province of Connaught, along with men of distinction and members of the council of Dublin, came to hold a session at the monastery of Ennis. There they enacted universal ordinances. Ten shillings were to be paid to the queen for every quarter of land in the country, both ecclesiastical and lay, except the liberties they themselves consented to grant to the gentlemen of the country. Over and above the queen's rent, five shillings were to be paid to the Lord of Thomond for every quarter of land, free and unfree, across the whole country, except the liberties and church lands. They took from the Earl of Thomond the district of Keuel-Fearma, the barony of Inchiquin, which had been heretofore under tribute to his ancestors, and gave the lordship of it to the Baron of Inchiquin, Morrough the son of Murrough, son of Dermot O'Brien. It was also ordained that Tmiough the son of Donnell, son of Connor O'Brien, should have the rents and court of Corcomroe, the Castle of Dumhach, in succession to his father, to whom it had first been given out of the lordship of Thomond by the Earl of Thomond, Connor the son of Donough O'Brien. They deprived of title and tribute every head.

17. Corporation proposed rebuilding Thomond Bridge with borrowed funds

    Thomond Bridge · street · Limerick · 1833

    In 1833 the Limerick Corporation proposed to borrow £9,000 from the Commissioners of Public Works on the security of surplus revenues for rebuilding Thomond Bridge. The bridge was built but the money was never repaid by the Corporation.

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    1 In 1833 the Corporation proposed to borrow from the Commissioners of public warks £9,000 on the security of the surplus revenues of £1,000, for the purpose of rebuilding Thomond Bridge. The bridge was built, but the money was never paid by the Corporation.

    2 Report of the Commissioners, &c.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 262

    As the companion tells it

    This is Thomond Bridge in Limerick. In 1833 the Corporation proposed to borrow £9,000 from the Commissioners of Public Works, on the security of surplus revenues of £1,000, for the purpose of rebuilding the bridge. The bridge was built, but the money was never paid by the Corporation.

18. Emly burned by Diarmid's invading army

    Emly · town · Tipperary

    Diarmid invaded Munster and burned Emly along with Limerick, as part of the campaign that ended in Donogh's defeat at Aherlow.

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    Donogh's deposition was now a proximate event. — Diarmid invaded Munster, once more burned Limerick and Emly, and defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kiucora, with the town and Church of KiUaloe ; and Turlogh and the Lagenians once more burned Limerick in the year 1063, and exacted hostages throughout Munster. At last being utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster, at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, he abdicated the crown of Munster, thus transferring his royal honors to his nephew. In the hope of atoning for his sins he afterwards set out on a pilgrimage to Eome, where he died with every appearance of sincere penitence, in the Monastery of St. Stephen, in the year 1064. Some writers assert that Donogh not only left the croAvn and regaha of Ireland with the Pope but made him over his kingdom, an empty compliment, if it took place at aU, which is not probable, as it is not mentioned by any of the old annahsts. It is added by those who tell this story, that the crown was afterwards given to Henry the II. by Pope Adiian the Fourth after the Norman conquest.'^

    ' Annals of Four Masters.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Emly lies along the road. In the eleventh century, Diarmid invaded Munster and burned both Limerick and Emly. This was part of the campaign that ended Donogh's rule. After burning Emly, Diarmid defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Donogh's fortunes continued to decline. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kincora, with the town and Church of Killaloe. Turlogh and the Lagenians burned Limerick again in the year 1063 and exacted hostages throughout Munster. At last, utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, Donogh abdicated the crown of Munster, transferring his royal honors to his nephew. In the hope of atoning for his sins, he afterwards set out on a pilgrimage to Rome, where he died in the Monastery of St. Stephen in the year 1064. Some writers assert that Donogh left the crown and regalia of Ireland with the Pope, even making over his kingdom, an empty compliment if it took place at all. Those who tell this story add that the crown was afterwards given to Henry the Second by Pope Adrian the Fourth, after the Norman conquest.

19. Enlargement of the nave of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1449–1489

    During the episcopacy of Bishop John Folan, the nave of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Limerick, which was narrow and decaying, was enlarged with three transepts and various aisles. The citizens undertook the decoration of the cathedral.

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    John Folan succeeded in 1489. He was canon of Ferns, rector of Clonmore, and procurator for Octavian de Palatio, Archbishop of Armagh at the court of Rome, and was advanced to the see of Limerick by the Pope, on the 13th of jVlay in the same year. During the episcopacy of this prelate in 1449, the nave of the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was narrow and mouldering to decay, was enlarged, and several other additions were made, including the erection of three transepts, as well as the formation of various aisles. The citizens undertook the duty of decorating the cathedral.-

    The Arthurs appear to have given their aid towards these improvements. Robert Arthur filled the office of mayor at the time, and Christopher Arthur was one of the bailiffs. It was the custom, a few years after, if it

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 332

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Limerick, the city holds the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. John Folan succeeded as bishop in 1489. He had been canon of Ferns, rector of Clonmore, and procurator for Octavian de Palatio, Archbishop of Armagh, at the court of Rome. The Pope advanced him to the see of Limerick on the 13th of May in that same year. During his episcopacy, in 1449, the nave of the church, which was narrow and mouldering to decay, was enlarged. Several other additions were made, including the erection of three transepts and the formation of various aisles. The citizens undertook the duty of decorating the cathedral. The Arthurs appear to have given their aid towards these improvements. Robert Arthur filled the office of mayor at the time, and Christopher Arthur was one of the bailiffs.

20. Father O'Hartegan brought Confederate standards to Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Father O'Hartegan, who had been the agent of the Confederation at the court of France, brought to Limerick the standards taken by Owen Roe O'Neill. His letters to the supreme council later fell into the hands of Ormonde.

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    Father O'Hartegan, who brought to Limerick the standards taken by Owen Roe, had been the agent of the Confederation at the court of France. His letters to the supreme council, in which he signs himself, " your lordships' faithful servant", let in a little light on the times.

    Father Hartegan's letters fell into the hands of Ormonde, who wrote to Clanrickard, saying :

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 381

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick was where Father O'Hartegan brought the standards taken by Owen Roe. He had been the agent of the Confederation at the court of France. His letters to the supreme council, in which he signs himself, "your lordships' faithful servant", let in a little light on the times. Those letters later fell into the hands of Ormonde.

21. Fear of disease from Dundalk campaign

    Dundalk · town · Louth

    During the siege of Limerick, a Council of War warned that the wet season would bring a country distemper to William's army, just as disease had killed more soldiers than the enemy during the previous campaign at Dundalk.

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    Thirdly, " The loatery season woidd tmdouhtedly bring the country distem/per an our army, and so more dye of it than by the hand of the enemy ; in the same manner they did the last campaign of Dundalk.

    Fourthly, " That the garrison of Lymerick being very mmerous,^ if they abide any assault (which on account of the weather must be made with great disadvantage), we should lose a great many men."

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 138

    As the companion tells it

    Dundalk holds a grim memory from William's wars. During the siege of Limerick, a Council of War warned that the wet season would bring a country distemper on the army, and more men would die of it than by the enemy's hand. They said it had been so in the last campaign of Dundalk. Disease, not battle, had been the killer.

22. Fish and fowl markets removed from Ellen Street

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1823

    In this month, the fish and fowl markets were removed from Ellen Street in Limerick. The street was opened and continued in a straight line toward the Corn Market, with the cupola of the Corn Market providing a pleasing termination to the vista.

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    In this month the fish and fowl markets were removed from Ellen-street, and the street opened and continued in a straight line towards the Corn Market, the cupola of which makes a pleasing termination to this vista. , j • ^

    April 17th The Catholic Emancipation Bill lost in the House of Commons— the adjournment

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 250

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick in 1823: the fish and fowl markets were taken off Ellen Street, and the street itself was opened and carried forward in a straight line toward the Corn Market. The cupola of that Corn Market made what the record calls a pleasing termination to the vista.

23. Fitzstephen imprisoned in Reginald's Tower, Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1171–1172

    Fitzstephen, who had assisted O'Brien against the Irish monarch, was held as a prisoner in Reginald's Tower at Waterford, having been brought there by the men of Wexford. He was later freed by Henry, who punished his enemies and annexed Wexford.

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    after a brief sojourn, he proceeded to Cashel, where, in Cormac^s Chapel, he received in succession the submission of Donald O^Brien, king of Thomond, who surrendered to him his city of Limerick, promised tribute a>nd swore fealty — an example which was followed by Donchad of Ossory, OTaolan (Phelan) of the Desies, and other chiefs of Munster. We have already mentioned that King Eoderick O'Connor had dispatched an army into Thomond to punish the defection of O'Brien, who had formed an alliance with Macmon-ogh, and had fought several battles with the Irish monarch, being assisted by Fitzstephen, who was now a prisoner in Reginald's Tower at Waterford,^ whither he had been brought by the men of Wexford. On returning to Waterford, however, Hemy set Fitzstephen free, inflicted severe punishment upon his treacherous enemies, and annexed Wexford and the adjoining territory to his royal domain. There is no authority whatever in the native annals for the statement that Henry was now recognised by a meeting of the states of Ireland ; nor that all the Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland now waited upon Henry, and not only tendered their own submission, but gave him letters signed and sealed, and making over to him and his heirs for ever the sovereignty of Ireland.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 26

    As the companion tells it

    Not far from this road is Waterford, and a tower in that city holds a story from 1171. Reginald's Tower was where Fitzstephen was held prisoner, brought there by the men of Wexford. He had assisted O'Brien, king of Thomond, who had formed an alliance with Macmon-ogh and fought several battles against the Irish monarch, Roderick O'Connor. O'Connor had dispatched an army into Thomond to punish O'Brien's defection, and Fitzstephen had been caught up in it. Henry had been at Cashel, receiving in Cormac's Chapel the submission of Donald O'Brien, who surrendered the city of Limerick, promised tribute, and swore fealty. Donchad of Ossory, O'Taolan of the Desies, and other chiefs of Munster followed that example. When Henry returned to Waterford, he set Fitzstephen free, inflicted severe punishment on his treacherous enemies, and annexed Wexford and its adjoining territory to his royal domain. The native annals give no authority for claims that Henry was recognised by a meeting of the states of Ireland, or that the archbishops and bishops of Ireland waited upon him and gave him sealed letters making over the sovereignty to him and his heirs forever.

24. Fort of Duntryleague burned by Lagenians and Danes

    Duntryleague · townland · Limerick

    Lagenians and Danes burned the fort of Duntryleague, one of the forts strengthened by Brian Boru, during fighting in Thomond against Donogh's son Murrough.

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    The power of Donogh now began to decline, for he had sustained two serious reverses. During his absence in Desmond, his enemy Diarmid had invaded Munster with an army of Lagenians and Danes, of whom he was now acknowledged king, and severely avenged Donogh' s, and Connor Melaghlin's raid into Fingal, on which occasion they had made many prisoners in the great stone church of Lusk. The second blow was inflicted on Donogh, in Thomond, where Torlough, the son of Teighe, maintained his ground against Donogh's son, Murrough, assisted by his Connaught allies, as he had been by Hugh O'Connor and by the king of Leinster in Middle Munster. In the latter the Lagenians and Danes burned one of the forts strengthened by Brian Boru — namely, Duntryleague ; and during another expedition, under Diarmid, which took place in 1056, they destroyed another of these forts — that at Lough Gurr, finishing their ravages by the destruction of Nenagh.

    Donogh's deposition was now a proximate event. — Diarmid invaded Munster, once more burned Limerick and Emly, and defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kiucora, with the town and Church of KiUaloe ; and Turlogh and the Lagenians once more burned Limerick in the year 1063, and exacted hostages throughout Munster. At last being utterly defeated by Turlogh and the King of Leinster, at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, he abdicated the crown of Munster, thus transferring his royal honors to his nephew. In the hope of atoning for his sins he afterwards set out on a pilgrimage to Eome, where he died with every appearance of sincere penitence, in the Monastery of St. Stephen, in the year 1064. Some writers assert that Donogh not only left the croAvn and regaha of Ireland with the Pope but made him over his kingdom, an empty compliment, if it took place at aU, which is not probable, as it is not mentioned by any of the old annahsts. It is added by those who tell this story, that the crown was afterwards given to Henry the II. by Pope Adiian the Fourth after the Norman conquest.'^

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Duntryleague, a fort once strengthened by Brian Boru. It was burned by Lagenians and Danes during a time of fighting in Thomond. The power of Donogh had begun to decline. He had sustained two serious reverses. While he was away in Desmond, his enemy Diarmid invaded Munster with an army of Lagenians and Danes, of whom he was now acknowledged king. Diarmid severely avenged a raid that Donogh and Connor Melaghlin had made into Fingal, where they had taken many prisoners in the great stone church of Lusk. The second blow fell on Donogh here in Thomond. Torlough, the son of Teighe, held his ground against Donogh's son, Murrough. Torlough was assisted by his Connaught allies, and had been supported by Hugh O'Connor and by the king of Leinster in Middle Munster. It was during this fighting that the Lagenians and Danes burned the fort, one of those that Brian Boru had strengthened. During another expedition under Diarmid, in 1056, they destroyed another of these forts, the one at Lough Gurr, and finished their ravages with the destruction of Nenagh. Donogh's fall was now close. Diarmid invaded Munster again, burned Limerick and Emly, and defeated Donogh in a severe battle in the glen of Aherlow. Hugh O'Connor destroyed Kincora, with the town and church of Killaloe. Turlogh and the Lagenians burned Limerick again in 1063 and took hostages throughout Munster. At last, utterly defeated by Turlogh and the king of Leinster at the foot of the Ardagh mountains, Donogh abdicated the crown of Munster, transferring his royal honors to his nephew. Hoping to atone for his sins, he set out on a pilgrimage to Rome, where he died in the Monastery of St. Stephen in 1064.

25. French fleet directed to enter Bay of Dingle

    near Dingle Bay · bay · Kerry · 1691

    Ginkle despatched a letter to Sir Ralph Delavall cautioning him not to prevent French transport ships from arriving in the Shannon, nor the remainder of the French fleet from entering the bay of Dingle.

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    These proposals were all rejected, though strongly pressed on Ginkle's attention by the Archbishop of Cashel and others. So difficult was it to come to an arrangement, that at one time it was considered probable that the battle should be fought over again ; even the batteries were making ready for that purpose, but the treaty was at length determined on; and on the 28th, Sarsfield, Wauchop, Baron Purcell of Loughmore, the Archbishop of Cashel, Su' Garret Dillon, Sir Theobald Butler, and Colonel Brown, (the three last mentioned counsellors-at-law), with several officers and Commissioners, proceeded to Ginkle^s quarters ; where after aprotracted debate, articles were agreed to, not only for the city of Limerick, but for all the forts and castles of the kingdom, then in possession of the Irish, such as Eoss, Clare, &c. &c. On the same evening an order was signed, directing a portion of the transport ships to sail from Cork to the Shannon, in order to take some of the Irish forces on board ; and Ginkle despatched a letter to Sir Ealph Delavall, who, he understood, was upon the coast, with a squadron of English ships of war, cautioning him not to prevent the transport ships of France from arriving in the Shannon, nor the remainder of the French fleet from entering the bay of Dingle. On the following day (the 29th) the horse and dragoons, commanded by the Marquis de Ruvigny, proceeded to encamp beyond Six-Mile- Bridge, for the convenience of forage. On this occasion the soldiers of both armies became on friendly terms, and mutually visited each other's camps. On the 30th, the Duke of Wirtemberg entertained nearly all the Irish general officers at dinner, no other movement having been contemplated until the expected arrival of the Lords Justices, who were sent for to confirm the civil and mihtary articles. Sarsfield next day complained that certain of the English began to plunder and strip his soldiers according as they had the opportunity. Ginkle thereupon gave orders that none of his men should go beyond their own works. The Irish made huts in the King's Island, to which several regiments were drawn. The gates were kept fast locked, as it was apprehended that many would endeavour to escape on the intelHgence of their having to go to France — a service for which, according to Storey, they entertained no particular affection, but which they preferred after all, as the result soon proved, to the English service.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 146

    As the companion tells it

    Dingle Bay was where the remainder of the French fleet was meant to come in, in 1691. The Treaty of Limerick had just been agreed. The proposals were rejected at first, though the Archbishop of Cashel and others pressed them on Ginkle. It was so hard to reach an arrangement that at one time they thought the battle would be fought again, and the batteries were making ready for it. But the treaty was determined on. On the 28th, Sarsfield, Wauchop, Baron Purcell of Loughmore, the Archbishop of Cashel, Garret Dillon, Sir Theobald Butler, and Colonel Brown, the last three counsellors-at-law, with officers and Commissioners, went to Ginkle's quarters. After a long debate, articles were agreed to, not only for the city of Limerick, but for all the forts and castles in the kingdom then in Irish possession, such as Ross and Clare. On the same evening an order was signed directing transport ships to sail from Cork to the Shannon, to take Irish forces on board. And Ginkle despatched a letter to Sir Ralph Delavall, who he understood was on the coast with a squadron of English ships of war, cautioning him not to prevent the transport ships of France from arriving in the Shannon, nor the remainder of the French fleet from entering the bay of Dingle. On the 29th the horse and dragoons, commanded by the Marquis de Ruvigny, encamped beyond Six-Mile-Bridge for forage. Soldiers of both armies became friendly and visited each other's camps. On the 30th the Duke of Wirtemberg entertained nearly all the Irish general officers at dinner. Sarsfield complained that English soldiers began to plunder and strip his men. Ginkle ordered his men not to go beyond their own works. The Irish made huts in the King's Island. The gates were kept fast locked, as it was feared many would try to escape on hearing they had to go to France, a service they had no particular affection for.

26. Galway clergy agree Augustinians may use courthouse for Mass

    Galway · city · Galway · 1667

    In 1667, Father Dominick Kirwan signed a document with secular and regular clergy in and near Galway, stating that the Augustinians could say Mass in the courthouse, and that secular judges could administer justice in it at the assizes, without sacrilege or censure of Church canons in Ireland.

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    In 16()3, Father Dominick Kirwan made his " third year's probation" in the presence of the Jesuit Fathers of Limerick, and then went to Galway to replace Father Maurice Ward. He was a distinguished, hardworking missioner, and he died in exile many years after he Hved in Limerick. In the year i6b7, he signed, with the secular and regular clergy in and near Gnlway, a document stating that the Augustinians could say Alass in the courthouse, and that the secular judges could administer justice in it at the assizes, Avithout sacrilege, or censure of the canons of the Church specially in Ireland.*

    ' Dr. Oliver, Dr. Mornn, anfl unpublished letters.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 382

    As the companion tells it

    In 1667, Father Dominick Kirwan signed a document in Galway with the secular and regular clergy of the area. The document stated that the Augustinians could say Mass in the courthouse, and that secular judges could administer justice in it at the assizes, without sacrilege or censure of the canons of the Church in Ireland. Father Kirwan had gone to Galway to replace Father Maurice Ward. He was a distinguished and hardworking missioner, and he died in exile many years later.

27. Garrisons placed at Castle Connell and Kilmallock

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1651

    Parliamentary forces under Ireton established garrisons at the castles of Castle Connell and Kilmallock since the previous March, serving as strategic outposts for the siege of Limerick. Other places were likewise invested or blockaded.

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    For some months past Ireton had been putting all tilings in readiness for his army ; tents, arms, beds for the soldiers, cannon, ammunition of every sort, were sent up the Shannon by him towards Limerick, by vessels provided for the service. Garrisons had already, since the previous March, been placed in the castles of Castle Connell and at KHmallock, convenient outposts for strategetic purposes ; other places were likewise invested or blockaded. The Parliamentary army was ordered to rendevouz at Cashel, from whence Ireton marched by way of Nenagh, down by the Silver Mines, and across the roads to that part of the Shannon which flows opposite Killaloe. The Earl of Castlehaven, who had been before this time appointed, by Ormond, commander-in-chief of the province of Muuster and the coimty of Clare, now held that office for the whole kingdom, marched with what forces he could draw together, and encamped at Killaloe, to observe Ireton's movements. Ireton was thoroughly aware of the weakness of the confederate forces, feeling assured that they only kept up appearances till Cromwell and King Charles had decided their quarrel. He kept a guard on his side of the river, as Castlehaven did against him.'

    ' Carte. 2 The Unkind Deieiter.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    Castleconnell is a town the road passes through or near. In 1651, this was a place of military significance. Ireton, commanding the Parliamentary forces, had been preparing for a campaign against Limerick. He sent tents, arms, beds for the soldiers, cannon, and every sort of ammunition up the Shannon by vessels provided for the service. Since the previous March, garrisons had already been placed in the castles of Castle Connell and Kilmallock. These were convenient outposts for strategic purposes, and other places were likewise invested or blockaded. The Parliamentary army was ordered to rendezvous at Cashel, and from there Ireton marched by way of Nenagh, down by the Silver Mines, and across the roads to that part of the Shannon which flows opposite Killaloe. The Earl of Castlehaven, appointed by Ormond as commander-in-chief of the province of Munster and the county of Clare, now held that office for the whole kingdom. He marched with whatever forces he could gather and encamped at Killaloe to observe Ireton's movements. Ireton was fully aware of the weakness of the confederate forces, feeling assured that they only kept up appearances until Cromwell and King Charles had decided their quarrel. He kept a guard on his side of the river, as Castlehaven did against him.

28. Ginkle's army delayed at Nenagh for want of supplies

    Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1691

    Ginkle's army arrived at Nenagh and remained four days for lack of bread and other necessaries. The country was desolate and extreme difficulties were experienced in obtaining supplies for the marching army.

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    The whole body of Ginkle's army had marched through Borrisokane, where there had been a pretty Enghsh plantation, which was burned down the previous winter by the garrison of Birr, because they had no wish to have rapparees in such close proximity.^ They had passed through Birr, where they left 400 sick, &c. in hospital.'' On the 6th they proceeded to Nenagh, where they remained four days, for want of bread and other necessaries. The country was desolate, extreme difficulties were experienced in obtaining

    ' Storey. « Storey states that the Cow-boys in Kerry spoke Latin.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 141

    As the companion tells it

    Nenagh, in Tipperary, is where Ginkle's army found itself stalled in 1691. On the 6th they arrived here and stayed four days, held up for want of bread and other necessaries. The country round was desolate, and extreme difficulties were faced getting supplies for a marching army. They had come through Borrisokane, where a pretty English plantation had been burned the previous winter by the garrison of Birr, who did not want rapparees in such close proximity. They had left 400 sick behind in hospital at Birr. Then on to Nenagh, and the wait.

29. Hubert de Burgo builds College of Minor Canons north of Limerick Cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1222–1250

    As Bishop of Limerick, Hubert de Burgo built the College of the Minor Canons to the north of the cathedral and augmented the number of prebends. He was a great benefactor to the cathedral, its canons, and vicars-choral.

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    The deed by wliicli lie constituted tlie dignitaries and canons was witnessed by the Lord Archbishop of" Cashel, by the Lord Bishops of Cork, Cloyne, Ross, Ardfert, Emly, Kilfenora, and Waterford, and three abbots, viz., tlie Abbot of Maggio, the Abbot of Suirey, the Abbot of Furness, the Archdeacons of Waterford, Killaloe, and Magfenin ; the Priors of the Monasteries of St. Catherine and St. Edmond, and the Dean of CasheL' In page 114 of the Black Book is the confirmation of the act of Bishop Donat, made by a successor, Edmund, Bishop of Limerick, but it bears no date. In the time of Donat, who died a.d. 1207, the ancient see of Inniscathay was united to Limerick. King John showed the greatest anxiety to conciHate the bishop and clergy of Limerick, not only by making restitution, but by conceding and confirming by royal charter further grants to the Church. The king employed Bishop Donat much in his affairs in Ireland, and he became very dear to him. On the 13th July, in the eighteenth year of his reign, John granted ten plough lauds in ierris de Omayle, or, as it is in another place stated, de terris de Omatjle, and in both places styled ^^prope Mungarett".^ King John continued to interfere with the appointment of the bishops. We find that in 1207, GeofFry, rector of Dungarvan, was strongly recommended by him to the dean and chapter of Limerick. The king wrote to Meyler Fitzhenry, Lord Justice of Ireland, who made an inquisition respecting the property of the church of Limerick,^ with instructions to procure GeofFry to be elected bishop. There is little doubt that the royal missive was complied with.'' By a MS. in the margin of Sir James Ware's original Latin manuscript, mention is made that Geoffry was Bishop of Limerick in 1217. (White's J\ISS.) By Alyler FitzHenry's inquisition (1201) it appears that the churches in the city of Limerick at the time were St. Munchin's, St. Bridget's, St. John's, St. Peter's, St. Martin's, St. Michael's, St. Mary Rotundus (supposed to be St. Mary Maijdalen's), and St. Nicholas's. Edmund, the successor of GeofFry, sat but a short time, having died in 1222. Hubert de Burgo, who had been Prior of the Monastery of St. Edmund king and martyr, at Athassell, county Tippcrary, which was founded by his relative William de Burgh, about a.d. 1200, was the nex bishop in succession to Edmund. He was consecrated in 1222. He had been deprived of the temporalities of his see, but the king restored them to him on the lltli March, 1222. (English style.) Hubert was a great benefactor to the cathedral, and its canons and vicars-choral. He built the College of the Minor Canons, north of the cathedral. He augmented the number of prebends. He granted the church of St. Mary of Iniskesty to the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin at Keynsham, in Somersetshire, in England; and dying on the 4th of September, 1250, he was buried in the Monastery of the Dominican Fathers at Limerick. A little before his death, according to Sir James Ware, the bishops of Ireland had formed

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 320

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick was a city of churches and bishops. In the years after 1222, one bishop left his mark on its cathedral more than most. His name was Hubert de Burgo. Before him came a line of bishops shaped by kings and politics. A bishop named Donat, who died in 1207, saw the ancient see of Inniscathay united to Limerick. King John showed great anxiety to conciliate the bishop and clergy of Limerick, making restitution and confirming further grants by royal charter. In 1207 the king recommended Geoffrey, rector of Dungarvan, to the dean and chapter of Limerick, writing to Meyler Fitzhenry, Lord Justice of Ireland, to procure Geoffrey's election. Geoffrey was bishop by 1217. Edmund succeeded Geoffrey but sat only a short time, dying in 1222. Hubert de Burgo was next. Before his consecration, he had been Prior of the Monastery of St. Edmund, king and martyr, at Athassell in county Tipperary, a house founded by his relative William de Burgh about the year 1200. Hubert was consecrated in 1222. He had been deprived of the temporalities of his see, but the king restored them to him on 11 March 1222. Hubert was a great benefactor to the cathedral, and to its canons and vicars-choral. He built the College of the Minor Canons to the north of the cathedral. He augmented the number of prebends. He granted the church of St. Mary of Iniskesty to the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin at Keynsham in Somersetshire in England. He died on 4 September 1250, and was buried in the Monastery of the Dominican Fathers at Limerick.

30. Insurrection Act sentences in County Limerick

    Rathkeale · town · Limerick · 1822

    Three men were sentenced to transportation in the County Court under the Insurrection Act on November 4th. Later, on December 23rd, Special Sessions were held in Rathkeale under the same Act, where two men were sentenced to seven years' transportation.

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    December 23rd Special Sessions in Eathkeale under the Insurrection Act. Two men sentenced to 7 years' transportation.

    December 25th.— A neat organ opened in St. John's Church ; it came from London and cost £150, the maker, a Mr. Layman.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 261

    As the companion tells it

    In 1822, Rathkeale held Special Sessions under the Insurrection Act on December 23rd, sentencing two men to seven years' transportation. On November 4th, three men were sentenced to transportation in the County Court under the same Act. On December 25th, a neat organ opened in St. John's Church, from London, costing £150, its maker Mr. Layman.

31. Insurrection Act trials at Rathkeale, October 1815

    Rathkeale · town · Limerick · 1815

    On October 3rd, ten men were tried at Rathkeale under the Insurrection Act and sentenced to seven years' transportation. On October 4th, three more met a similar fate.

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    October 3rd. — Ten men tried in Kathkeale, under the Insurrection Act, and sentenced to seven years' transportation ; and on the 4th, three more met a similar fate.

    442 HISTORY OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 252

    As the companion tells it

    Rathkeale, in 1815, was the scene of Insurrection Act trials. On October 3rd, ten men were tried here and sentenced to seven years' transportation. On October 4th, three more met a similar fate.

32. Kilpeacon residence of Major George Gavin

    Kilpeacon · townland · Limerick · 1858

    Major George Gavin of Kilpeacon was a liberal candidate in the 1858 Limerick city parliamentary by-election. He won the initial vote by 49 votes but was subsequently disqualified on a bribery charge.

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    Mr. Sergeant O'Brien, M.P. for the city, being this year appointed one of the Judges of the Queen's Bench, his seat was vacated ; and an active canvass was instituted by Major George Gavin, of Kilpeacon, and John Ball, Esq., son of the late Right Hon. Nicholas Ball, one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, for the vacancy ; both gentlemen being liberals, and of the same religious persuasion, Catholics. Strong feelings were aroused, and influential sections of the liberal party became divided into adverse camps. The result of the election, which ended on the 7th of February, favoured Major Gavin, who had a majority of 49 votes. On a petition instituted by Mr. Ball, however, a new election was ordered by the House of Commons. Major Gavin having been disqualified on this occasion on a charge of bribery, for which it was admitted he was morally, though not legally, irresponsible, Mr. James Spaight was taken up by Major Gavin's supporters to oppose Mr. Ball, who again entered the arena. At this election Mr. Spaight was returned, Mr. Ball, on the 3rd of May, having withdrawn without going to the poll. Several election rioters were incarcerated, but were liberated by the Lord Lieutenant on the 27th of May.

    ■■ On the 24th of May, John O'Connell, Esq., " the beloved son" of the Liberator, died at Kingstown. He had been some few years before member for Limerick. He was a man of distinguished abilities, an able writer and debater, and of the highest character in public and private life.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 298

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kilpeacon was the residence of Major George Gavin, a man who, in 1858, found himself at the centre of a bitter political fight in Limerick. The trouble began when Sergeant O'Brien, member of Parliament for the city, was appointed one of the Judges of the Queen's Bench, and his seat fell vacant. Major Gavin of Kilpeacon threw himself into the canvass, as did John Ball, son of the late Right Hon. Nicholas Ball, a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Both men were liberals, both Catholics, and the contest split the liberal party into rival camps. The election ended on the 7th of February. Major Gavin won, with a majority of 49 votes. But Ball petitioned the House of Commons, and a new election was ordered. Gavin was disqualified on a charge of bribery. It was admitted that he was morally, though not legally, irresponsible for what had happened. His supporters then turned to James Spaight to carry on the fight against Ball. Spaight was returned after Ball withdrew on the 3rd of May without going to the poll. Several election rioters had been locked up, but the Lord Lieutenant freed them on the 27th of May.

33. Lease of Fisher's Stent to Edmond Molyneux, 1576

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1576

    On 2 March 1576, Queen Elizabeth granted a lease to Edmond Molyneux of the weirs commonly called the Fisher's Stent, near the City of Limerick, lying from the Lax weir in the east to the river near Castle Donel in the west, for 21 years at 53s. 4d. Irish currency.

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    1576, 2nd March, 19th Elizabeth — The Queen granted a grant for a lease to Edmond Molj-neux, gentleman, of the weirs commonly called the Fisher's Stent, near the City of Limerick, which do lie from the Lax weir, or common weir in the east part, until the river nigh Castle Donel in the west part, with all the customs, duties, profits, commodities, and emoluments to them, and every of them pertaining and belonging, &c., parcel of her Majesty s inheritance and of long time concealed

    To hold for 21 years, at 53s. and 4d. Irish Currency.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 114

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Limerick, you are near where the Fisher's Stent once lay, a chain of weirs running from the Lax weir in the east to the river by Castle Donel in the west. On the 2nd of March 1576, in the 19th year of her reign, Queen Elizabeth leased these weirs to Edmond Molyneux, a gentleman, for 21 years at 53 shillings and 4 pence in Irish currency. The lease covered all customs, duties, and profits belonging to the weirs, described as part of her Majesty's inheritance, "of long time concealed."

34. Limerick Corporation addresses King George III after Emmet plot

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1803

    On 4 March 1803, the Limerick Corporation met under Mayor Joseph Sargent and passed an address to King George III congratulating him on the detection and defeat of Emmet's enterprise. The Corporation had previously resolved on limits for salmon from the Salmon Weir Company.

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    Immediately after the detection and defeat of Emmett^s enterprise, the Corporation met on the 4th of March, Joseph Sargent, Esq., Mayor, in the chair, and passed an address to King George III., congratulating his Majesty on the result. On the 13th of May, it Avas resolved in Council "That it is the opinion of this Council that every future Mayor may receive one salmon or two peal per week from the Salmon Weir Company, and no more.''^ It must have been that their Worships trespassed too much on the Weir

    assembling at Crooked wood, in the Co. Westmeath, only 42 miles from Dublin.* Such a stroke if successfully accomplished, might have terminated for ever the English occupation of Ireland.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 237

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick has a story from 1803. In March of that year, after Robert Emmet's enterprise was detected and defeated, the Corporation here met under Mayor Joseph Sargent and passed an address to King George the Third, congratulating his Majesty on the result. Two months later, on the 13th of May, the Council resolved that every future Mayor might receive one salmon or two peal per week from the Salmon Weir Company, and no more. It seems their Worships had been taking rather too much from the Weir before that limit was set down.

35. Limerick Corporation seeks new charter from Charles II, 1670

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1670

    In 1670, the Limerick Corporation applied to King Charles II for a renewal of the Charter of James and for further extension of privileges. The Irish Master of the Rolls reported on the matter, recommending insertion of New Rules for the government of the Corporation.

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    The proceedings of the Corporation at this period (1670), show how ill at ease that body was. An apphcation was made to King Charles II. for a renewal of the Charter of James, and for a further extension of the privileges which were thereby conferred on the citizens. A reference was made to the Irish Master of the Eolls to report to the king on the matter; the report was made to the Lord Lieutenant; and in it the contents of the Charter of James were set forth, and the attention of the Viceroy was directed to the " New Eules and Orders for the Eegulation of Corporations in Ireland,^^ then recently introduced. The report further prayed the Lord Lieutenanf's directions as to which of said " New Eules and Directions," were to be inserted in the proposed new Charter to Limerick — " such as might best consist with His Majesty's service and the good of the said Corporation.'" This report, which is dated the 13th February, 1671, was immediately followed by a proclamation of the New Eules for the government of the Corporation. By the first of these rules, the approbation of the Lord Lieutenant and Council was made necessary to the appointment of the corporate officers of Mayor, Sheriffs, Eecorder and Town Clerk, within ten days after their election. By the second, the oath of supremacy was required from all such corporate officers. By the third, the election of all corporate officers was taken away from the body of freemen and vested in the common council, and nothing was permitted to be discussed in the general assembly of freemen, or court of D^Oyer Hundred, which had not previously passed the common council; and this under pain of disfranchisement. By the fourth, the admission of Protestant settlers in the city of Limerick to the freedom of the Corporation was provided for, as in the other corporate towns in Ireland.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 116

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick, in 1670, was a city whose Corporation sat ill at ease. That year, the Corporation made an application to King Charles the Second for a renewal of the Charter of James, and for a further extension of the privileges conferred on the citizens. The matter was referred to the Irish Master of the Rolls, who was to report to the king. His report went to the Lord Lieutenant. In it he set forth the contents of the Charter of James and drew the Viceroy's attention to what were called the New Rules and Orders for the Regulation of Corporations in Ireland, then recently introduced. He prayed the Lord Lieutenant's directions as to which of these New Rules and Directions were to be inserted in the proposed new Charter to Limerick, such as might best consist with His Majesty's service and the good of the said Corporation. The report is dated the 13th of February 1671. It was immediately followed by a proclamation of the New Rules for the government of the Corporation. The first rule made the approbation of the Lord Lieutenant and Council necessary to the appointment of the corporate officers of Mayor, Sheriffs, Recorder and Town Clerk, within ten days after their election. The second required the oath of supremacy from all such corporate officers. The third took the election of all corporate officers away from the body of freemen and vested it in the common council, and nothing was permitted to be discussed in the general assembly of freemen, or court of Doyer Hundred, which had not previously passed the common council, and this under pain of disfranchisement. The fourth provided for the admission of Protestant settlers in the city of Limerick to the freedom of the Corporation, as in the other corporate towns in Ireland.

36. Limerick election contest: Vereker and Grady defeat liberal interest

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    A nine-day parliamentary election in Limerick saw Colonel Vereker and Mr. Grady returned against the liberal independent candidates Mr. Maunsell and Mr. Gabbett. The electorate was dominated by freemen controlled by the Smyth and Vereker factions, who overwhelmed independent voters.

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    The result was the return of Colonel Vereker and Mr. Grady against the liberal interest, represented by Mr. Maunsell and Mr. Gabbett. Mr.

    , 1 Father of Caleb Powell, Esq., Clonshavoy, -who represented the County for many years on thoroughly independent principles.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 230

    As the companion tells it

    In Limerick, a nine-day parliamentary election returned Colonel Vereker and Mr. Grady against the liberal interest, represented by Mr. Maunsell and Mr. Gabbett. The electorate was dominated by freemen controlled by the Smyth and Vereker factions, who overwhelmed independent voters.

37. Limerick garrison superior to Cork with twenty-two companies

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1726

    Limerick had twenty-two companies of soldiers while Cork had only eleven. The troops were all English Protestants or foreigners, as the Hanoverian rule did not recognise the military existence of Papists. Limerick's superiority as a garrison town over Cork was acknowledged.

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    About this time Lieut.-General Thomas Pearce was governor of Limerick, A brave soldier, he had served abroad in the campaigns in Spain and Holland, and was a most unlikely person to quail before the terrors of a civic faction. Between him and these Eoches a violent dispute arose, which was carried on with unsparing acrimony, and the interest of which extended to the country. Pearce championed public rights ; the Eoches and their partizans continued to be the defenders of a degraded monopoly. After a long succession of fights, Pearce succeeded, not only in becoming a member^of the Corporation, but in 1726 he forced himseK into the mayoralty. He had received slights and affronts from the Eoches, and he was resolved on revenge. His first course was to create among the members of the council intestine divisions, and havhag, by this means, shaken the power of his assailants, he became a candidate for the mayoralty, which, and many violent contests and animosities, he obtained this year, though the contrary party protested against the legality of his election, and therefore would not give up to him the sword of state or the mace. Nor did he get them till the following year when they were necessary for proclaiming King George the Second, who ascended the throne the 11th of June, 1727, in which year Pearce was signally successful in obtaining the representation of the city of Limerick, together with Henry Ingoldsby, Esq. He contmued Governor all the time, and the same hostility existed between him and the Eoches.' In Limerick at this period there were twenty-two companies of soldiers, whilst in Cork there were but eleven companies. The troops selected for these garrisons were all English Protestants or foreigners .^ The " mild Hanoverian rule" did not recognise the military existence of Papists, nor did the ruling body feel secure without alien mercenaries in addirion to English soldiers. The superiority of Limerick over Cork as a garrison town, was acknowledged; and this admitted superiority Limerick continued to hold untn, in recent years, the authorities have thought proper to reduce it fi-om its ancient ranlv and station, and make it second to Cork in this respect.* During the mayoralty of Lieutenant General Pearce, a shocking tragedy was enacted in Limerick. The Eev. Timothy Eyan, who is said by White' to have been an irregular and excommunicated priest, but who did not deserve the terrible doom to which he was consigned, was committed to gaol by the Mayor (Pearce) " for marrying a Protestant man and a Catliohc woman,'' contrary to an act of Pariiament which was passed this year, and which made it death in the priest.^ He was tried at the following assizes, and condemned, and was the " first'' person executed^ in Ireland for this " crime" since the

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 182

    As the companion tells it

    In 1726, Limerick stood as the stronger garrison city in Ireland, with twenty-two companies of soldiers quartered here, while Cork held only eleven. The troops were all English Protestants or foreigners. The Hanoverian government did not recognise the military existence of Papists, and the ruling body did not feel secure without alien mercenaries in addition to English soldiers. Limerick's superiority over Cork as a garrison town was acknowledged, and it held this rank for a long time after. Lieutenant General Thomas Pearce was governor of Limerick in this period. He had served abroad in the campaigns in Spain and Holland. A violent dispute arose between him and a faction called the Eoches, carried on with unsparing acrimony. Pearce championed public rights, while the Eoches defended what was called a degraded monopoly. After a long succession of fights, Pearce forced his way into the mayoralty in 1726. The contrary party protested the legality of his election and would not surrender the sword of state or the mace. He did not receive them until the following year, when they were needed for proclaiming King George the Second, who ascended the throne on the 11th of June, 1727. During Pearce's mayoralty, a shocking tragedy took place. The Reverend Timothy Ryan, said to have been an irregular and excommunicated priest, was committed to gaol by the mayor for marrying a Protestant man and a Catholic woman, contrary to an act of Parliament passed that year, which made it death for the priest. He was tried at the following assizes, condemned, and was the first person executed in Ireland for this crime.

38. Limerick Hospital funding withdrawn by Corporation

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1846–1861

    A Limerick hospital capable of containing 500 patients lost its annual Corporation grant in 1861, when the Corporation withdrew funding it had contributed since the Improvement Act of 1853. The hospital was greatly enlarged in 1846 through the exertions of Dr. William John Geary.

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    3 This Hospital is capable of containing 500 patients, including convalescent wards, and has attached to it nearly three statute acres of land, airing ground for the patients ; it continued to be of essential advantage to the poor of Limerick, until the year 18G1, when the Corporation, which, since the ena.tiient of the Improvement Act of 1853, has been the taxing body of the city, and which performs the functions of a Grand Jury in that particular, withdrew the sum which it had annually contributed, in continuation of the Grand Jury grant, for the support of this charity. Six members of the Corporation had been placed on the Hospital Committee some time before, but they withdrew whca the graiU ceased. In 1846, the Hospital was greatly enlarged, chiefly through the exertions of William John Geary, Esq , JLD. and J. P., lately one of the Medical Inspectors under the Poor Law Act. In times' of epidemic it had been of much public service. The County of Limerick Grand Jury continues its support to the Hospital, which receives county patients ; and a few patients from the city are also received, in consequence of

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 207

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, a hospital in the city could hold 500 patients, with convalescent wards and nearly three statute acres of airing ground attached. It was of essential advantage to the poor of the city until 1861, when the Corporation withdrew the annual sum it had contributed for the support of this charity. The Corporation had been the taxing body of the city since the Improvement Act of 1853, performing the functions of a Grand Jury. Six members of the Corporation had sat on the Hospital Committee some time before, but they withdrew when the grant ceased. In 1846 the hospital was greatly enlarged, chiefly through the exertions of William John Geary, a Doctor of Medicine and Justice of the Peace, lately one of the Medical Inspectors under the Poor Law Act. In times of epidemic it had been of much public service. The County of Limerick Grand Jury continues its support, and the hospital receives county patients, along with a few from the city.

39. Limerick's bid for a Queen's College ignored in favour of Cork

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1845

    A committee was appointed to prepare a memorial to Government praying that one of the new Queen's Colleges be placed in Limerick. Influential peers and MPs were enlisted and a deputation presented the memorial to Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham, but Limerick's claims were ignored in favour of Cork.

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    Alderman Shannon, who had been an energetic benefaci jr, a liberal and active politician, a warm friend of O'Connell, and an earnest advocate of a domestic legislature for Ireland, died rather suddenly, during his mayoralty, in the month of June, when proceeding to take the chair at a public meeting to address O'Connell, then in prison in Dublin, and was buried with great ceremony in the church-yard of St. Munchin's, the Catholic Bishop and all the city clergy walking in procession. Alderman W. J. Geary, M.D., J.P., was chosen for the mayoralty in succession, and he was reelected for the following year (1845), when he and the Corporation attended a levee to and addressed O'Connell in Dublin. Almost contemporaneously with these events was the appointment of a committee to prepare a memorial to Government, praying that one of the new collegiate institutions (Queen's Colleges) which were now projected, be placed in the city of Limerick, and to report on the propriety of having a deputation proceed to London to present the memorial to the ministers of the crown. The influence of the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Clare, Lord Monteagle, the Earl of Dunraven, the Earl of Limerick, Viscount Adare, the county and city members, Augustus Staflford O'Brien, Esq., M.P., William Monsell, Esq., and Sir Matthew Barrington, Bart., was sought for and obtained. An interview was had with Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham, to whom the memorial was presented by the Mayor. Sir James Graham paid every attention to the statements that were made, and dismissed the deputation with an assurance that the claims of Limerick to a collegiate institution would receive attention. These claims were, however, ignored in favour of Cork ; but on the question of these colleges, pubUc opinion soon afterwards underwent a complete revolution, and the often expressed resolutions of the Catholic Prelates about them, as well as the opposition of the Catholic body in general, have vindicated the estimation in which they have been held by the friends and supporters of free, tolerant, and enlightened education.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 288

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, there is a story from 1845 worth hearing. That year, the city wanted one of the new Queen's Colleges that the government was planning, and a committee was appointed to prepare a memorial to the crown, praying that a college be placed here in Limerick. The committee was also to consider sending a deputation to London to present it in person. The city sought the influence of powerful men. The Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Clare, Lord Monteagle, the Earl of Dunraven, the Earl of Limerick, and Viscount Adare all lent their weight, along with the county and city members, Augustus Stafford O'Brien, William Monsell, and Sir Matthew Barrington. The Mayor led a deputation to London and secured an interview with Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham. The memorial was presented. Sir James Graham paid every attention to the statements that were made, and dismissed the deputation with an assurance that the claims of Limerick to a collegiate institution would receive attention. Those claims were ignored in favour of Cork. But the story did not end there. Public opinion on these colleges soon underwent a complete revolution. The Catholic prelates passed resolutions against them, and the Catholic body in general offered opposition, which the source says vindicated the estimation in which the colleges were held by the friends and supporters of free, tolerant, and enlightened education. The mayor at this time was Alderman W. J. Geary, a doctor and justice of the peace, re-elected for 1845.

40. Major William Croker of Ballynagard in Indian war

    Ballynagard · townland · Clare

    Major William Croker of Ballynagard received particular thanks of the commander-in-chief for his conduct in the Indian war against Holkar.

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    Croker, Major William, of Ballynagard, received the particular thanks of the commanderin-chief, for his conduct in the Indian war against llolkar.

    O'Grady, Col. Neale, of the Kilballyowen stock, commander of an infantry regiment at the battle of Aspern, fought between the Austrians and Napoleon in 1809, and was amongst the officers who received public thanks from the Archduke.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 454

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballynagard, Major William Croker had his home. He served in the Indian war against Holkar, and for his conduct in that campaign he received the particular thanks of the commander-in-chief.

41. Militia regiments raised and garrison duty in Limerick, 1793

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1793

    In 1793 the King's County Regiment of Militia under Sir Laurence Parsons, 612 men, was the first newly raised militia regiment to do garrison duty in Limerick. The City of Limerick Regiment (469 men) and the County of Limerick Regiment (612 men under Lord Muskerry) were also raised that year.

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    In 1793, the King's County Regiment of Militia, commanded by Sir Laurence Parsons (afterwards Earl of Ross) consisting of 612 men, was the first newly raised Militia Regiment that did garrison duty in Limerick. In June this year (1793) the City of Limerick Regiment of Militia was raised, consisting of 469 men, J. P. Smyth, Esq. commandant. The County of Limerick raised, consisting of 612 men. Lord Muskerry commandant ; the other regiment, that of the King's County raised about the same time. 1 798, June 1 — Precedence of yeomanry corps drawn by lot at the Castle of Dublin, by counties ; Limerick drawn No. 12. In a few weeks after there were raised in the county and the city, &c., 16 troops of yeomanry cavalry, and 8 companies of yeomanry infantry. The Merchants' Companj' commanded by Thomas Maunsell, Esq., and the Revenue Company commanded by George Maunsell, Esq. raised in August, 1803, were particular!}' respectable. In 1793 Sir. John Ferrar, burgess, and author of the History of Limerick, gave jt^l a year for ever to the Blue School.

    I

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 225

    As the companion tells it

    In 1793, Limerick saw the first newly raised militia regiment to perform garrison duty there. The King's County Regiment of Militia, commanded by Sir Laurence Parsons, afterwards Earl of Ross, consisted of 612 men. That June the city raised its own regiment, 469 men under Smyth as commandant. The county raised its regiment too, 612 men with Lord Muskerry as commandant. The King's County Regiment had been raised about the same time as these others, and it was the one chosen to stand garrison duty first. Also in 1793, Sir John Ferrar, a burgess and author of the city's history, gave one pound a year for ever to the Blue School. Three regiments stood here that year, two drawn from the city and county itself, one from King's County, all raised and placed under command within months of each other.

42. Monastery remains at Castletown MacEniry

    Castletown · townland · Limerick

    The lordship of Muiccadha in County Limerick belonged to the Mac Eniry family. Remains of a large monastery and other public buildings at Castle Town Mac Eniry still testified to the family's piety and splendour, though scarcely any traces survived by the author's time.

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    Muiccadha, in the county of Limerick, the lordship of Mac Eniry. The remains of_ a large monastery, and other public buildings, at Castle Town Mac Eniry, yet bespeak the piety and splendor of this family, of which there are scarcely any remams at this day.

    Muin-Tir-Conlachta (I suppose the present Tuam-Greine) in the county Clare, the ancient

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here was the lordship of Muiccadha in County Limerick, which belonged to the Mac Eniry family. The remains of a large monastery and other public buildings at Castletown MacEniry once spoke of this family's piety and splendour. By the author's own day, scarcely any traces of all that survived.

43. Mrs. Massy drowned crossing to Hermitage

    Hermitage · townland · Limerick · 1836

    Mrs. William Massy of Belmont was drowned while passing over in a cot to Hermitage at Christmas, in a fog.

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    Mrs. William Massy, of Belmont, while passing over in a cot to Hermitage, at Christmas, in a fog, was drowned.

    May 24th Universal sorrow in the city of Limerick, consequent on the death of John

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Hermitage, in 1836, Mrs. William Massy of Belmont was drowned. She was passing over in a cot to Hermitage at Christmas, in a fog. That is all that survives in the record.

44. Mungret Abbey founded by St. Nessan the Leper

    Mungret · town · Limerick · 551–561

    An abbey was founded at Mungret, the ancient Mongairit, about two miles south-west of Limerick, by St. Nessan, surnamed the Leper, who was confirmed by St. Patrick himself in the abbacy. He died in 551 according to the Annals of the Four Masters, or 561 according to the Annals of Clonmacnoise.

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    Before St. Columba established his celebrated monastic institution in the Scotch Island of lona, an institution which remained undisturbed for two hvmdred years, an abbey had been founded at Mungret, the ancient Mongairit, about two miles south-west of Limerick, by St. Nessan^ surnamed the Leper, who was confirmed by St. Patrick himself in the abbacy, and who died in 551, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, but according to the Annals of Clonmacnoise, in 561.

    Mungret is even at this day a ruin of considerable size, and exhibits many tokens of high antiquity. The doors and windows of the church have either horizontal stone lintels, or that sort of round arch-head which denoted the Romanesque, less correctly, we tliink, called Norman architectural period which preceded the introduction of the pointed style.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 310

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Mungret, the ancient Mongairit, about two miles south-west of Limerick. An abbey stood here before St. Columba ever founded his famous monastery on the Scottish island of Iona. St. Nessan, surnamed the Leper, founded this house, and St. Patrick himself confirmed Nessan in the abbacy. The old annals do not agree on when he died. The Annals of the Four Masters say 551. The Annals of Clonmacnoise say 561. The ruins are still considerable in size and show marks of great age. The doors and windows of the church have either horizontal stone lintels or a kind of round arch-head that belonged to the Romanesque period, the style that came before the pointed arch.

45. Myles Reilly's rebellion in 1666

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1666

    Orrery announced to the Duke that Myles Reilly, with seven or eight hundred Irish, had run into rebellion, which he supposed would not have been done without expectation of succours from abroad or home.

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    In the June of the same year, he announces to the Duke that Myles Eeilly, with seven or eight hundred Irish, had run into rebellion, which he says he does not suppose he would have been so mad as to do if he Avere not sure of succours from abroad or from home.^ In consequence of this intelligence, he ordered the mayors and governors of Limerick and Cork, as the two chief fortresses of the province, to seize on aU the arms in the hands of Catholics within these garrisons, and to adopt the same course towards " the fanatics/'' He also issued orders to expel such persons from both cities, crowds of whom, he says, had come into them, to the endangering of the fortresses, taking advantage of the Hcense granted to such of the Irish as traded by sea, or were otherwise " needful or civil men/^^

    At this time OiTery received a seasonable and welcome assurance from Colonel Daniel O^Bryan of Clare, that he was ready to suppress any rising of the Irish that might take place in that County, m which the Colonel informed him there were many HI inchncd Irish. ^ It was in the same year, 1666, that a plot was disclosed to the Duke of Ormonde by Captain Oliver, a gentleman of the County Limerick, the alleged object of which was the removal of the King and Lords, the restoration of the Long Parliament, several of whose members were said to be imphcated, and the substitution of a ^^ sober ministry for bishops.""' The conspirators, it was added, expected assistance.^ They were of course Cromweliians.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 116

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Limerick, you are moving through a city that found itself on a war footing in June 1666. Orrery wrote to the Duke that Myles Reilly, with seven or eight hundred Irish, had run into rebellion. Orrery said he did not suppose Reilly would have been so mad as to do this unless he were sure of succours from abroad or from home. On the strength of that intelligence, Orrery ordered the mayors and governors of Limerick and Cork, as the two chief fortresses of the province, to seize all the arms in the hands of Catholics within these garrisons, and to do the same towards what he called the fanatics. He also issued orders to expel such persons from both cities. He said crowds of them had come in, endangering the fortresses, taking advantage of the licence granted to such of the Irish as traded by sea, or were otherwise, in his words, needful or civil men. Around the same time, Orrery received a welcome assurance from Colonel Daniel O'Bryan of Clare, who said he was ready to suppress any rising of the Irish in that county, where he told Orrery there were many ill-inclined Irish. Also in 1666, a plot was disclosed to the Duke of Ormonde by Captain Oliver, a gentleman of County Limerick. Its alleged object was the removal of the King and Lords, the restoration of the Long Parliament, several of whose members were said to be implicated, and the substitution of a sober ministry for bishops. The conspirators, it was added, expected assistance. They were, of course, Cromwellians.

46. Nine churches in Limerick city recorded in 1376 will

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1376

    During the episcopacy of Pierce Creagh, Martin Arthur made a will in 1376 showing there were nine churches in the city of Limerick. Among the bequests was one to the Franciscan friars, reflecting the city's rich ecclesiastical landscape and the munificent patronage of its leading families.

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    Peter Curragh (in a MS. in T.C.D., said to be taken out of the Black Book, he is called Creagh; and in White's MSS. he is designated Pierce Creagh, a native of Limerick, though Ware states that he was a native of the county of Dublin) was elected next in succession, in 1369. He took the oath of fealty to Edward HI. before the illustrious Wilham of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, on the 10th of February (English style). Creagh's episcopacy was full of troubles. He engaged in implacable opposition to the Franciscans. When Archbishop Warrington came to Limerick to redress their grievances, and cited the bishop to answer their complaints, he (the bishop) laid violent hands on the archbishop, and tore the citation from him with such force that he drew his blood, and ordered the archbishop to begone, or that it should fare worse with his attendants. It is said, moreover, that the bishop laid censures on and threatened with excommunication all who should repair for divine service within the church of the Franciscans ; that he excommunicated all who afforded the archbishop food and entertainment. There are other matters equally harsh said of this bishop : some of these accusations are preferred by Ware, on the authority of Luke Wadding ; but we must accept them with some reservation. We must bear in mind that this prelate governed the see of Limerick for the long period of thirty years. During his time religion flourished in Limerick. Some of the most eminent of the families of the city then lived, and by their munificent expenditure on the churches and monasteries, showed that their zeal was ardent and their faith sincere. It was during the episcopacy of Pierce Creagh that Martin Arthur made a wilP which shows that there were nine churches in the city. This will was made A.D. 1376. Among the bequests was one to the Franciscan friars, which the assertion of Ware, or rather of his commentator, Harris, as to the resent-

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 326

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, you are travelling through a city that held nine churches by 1376. We know this from a will made that year by Martin Arthur, during the episcopacy of Pierce Creagh. Creagh was elected bishop of Limerick in 1369, and some sources say he was a native of Limerick, though the historian Ware says he was from the county of Dublin. He took the oath of fealty to Edward the Third before William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, on the 10th of February. His episcopacy was full of troubles. He set himself in implacable opposition to the Franciscans. When Archbishop Warrington came to Limerick to redress their grievances and cited the bishop to answer their complaints, Creagh laid violent hands on the archbishop. He tore the citation from him with such force that he drew his blood, and ordered the archbishop to begone, or it should fare worse with his attendants. The bishop laid censures on all who should repair for divine service within the church of the Franciscans, and excommunicated all who afforded the archbishop food and entertainment. Some of these accusations come from Ware, on the authority of Luke Wadding, and should be accepted with reservation. Creagh governed the see of Limerick for thirty years. During his time religion flourished. The most eminent families of the city lived then, and by their munificent expenditure on churches and monasteries showed their zeal was ardent and their faith sincere. Martin Arthur's will, made in 1376, shows nine churches in the city. Among his bequests was one to the Franciscan friars themselves, the very order Creagh had opposed.

47. Ormond receives solemn embassy at Carrick-on-Suir

    Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1649

    At Carrick-on-Suir, Ormond received a solemn embassy from the Assembly of Kilkenny, headed by the Archbishop of Tuam, who was standard-bearer for those employing sacrilegious violence against the Holy See's directives.

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    On the 29th of September, Ormond, who had been some time in France, from which he took his departure by Havre-de-Grace, landed at Cork, accompanied by Lord Castlehaven and others.^ Lord Inchiquin went to Cork to meet and welcome him. Slowly advancing towards his noble palace at Carrick-on-Suir, — a palace which to this day, even in its decay, shows what it had been in its olden splendour, — he gave it to be understood by every one that he was sent by the Queen in order to fuid a means of settling the affairs of Ireland. In Carrick-on-Suir he received a solemn embassy from the Assembly of Kilkenny, at the head of which was the Archbishop of Tuam," standard-bearer to all those who, forgetful of their duty to the Holy See, employ their hands in every act of sacrilegious violence,^ and that person, above all, who had promised the Nuncio that he never would consent to the re-establishment of the Marquis.'* On the 6th of October he published a declaration upon his arrival in Ireland, in which there is the passage : — " We profess and declare, first, to improve our utmost endeavours for the settlement of the Protestant Eeligion, according to the example of the best reformed churches — secondly, to defend the King in his prerogatives. ■'■'^ The city of Limerick, which was applied to for money, to meet the exigencies of the Irish army, pleaded inabihty, and offered only £100.^ The four distinct interests in the kingdom, continuing to remain irreconcilable, viz. the King's, the Presbyterians', the Supreme Council's, and Owen Eoe O'Neil's, the Parliament, on the 28th of March, solemnly resolved that Oliver Cromwell should be constituted General of all their forces then in Ireland, and that he should be sent thither. Cromwell, accordingly, prepared for the expedition with the greatest diligence.'

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    Carrick-on-Suir, in Tipperary, was where Ormond received a solemn embassy in 1649. On the 29th of September, Ormond landed at Cork, having come from France by way of Havre-de-Grace. Lord Castlehaven and others accompanied him, and Lord Inchiquin went to Cork to meet and welcome him. He advanced slowly toward his noble palace at Carrick-on-Suir, a palace that even in its decay showed what it had been in its olden splendour. He gave it to be understood by everyone that he was sent by the Queen to find a means of settling the affairs of Ireland. There he received a solemn embassy from the Assembly of Kilkenny. At its head was the Archbishop of Tuam, described as "standard-bearer to all those who, forgetful of their duty to the Holy See, employ their hands in every act of sacrilegious violence." This was the person who had promised the Nuncio that he never would consent to the re-establishment of the Marquis. On the 6th of October, Ormond published a declaration upon his arrival in Ireland. He professed to improve his utmost endeavours for the settlement of the Protestant Religion, according to the example of the best reformed churches, and to defend the King in his prerogatives. The city of Limerick, applied to for money to meet the exigencies of the Irish army, pleaded inability and offered only 100 pounds. The four distinct interests in the kingdom continued irreconcilable: the King's, the Presbyterians', the Supreme Council's, and Owen Roe O'Neil's. On the 28th of March, Parliament solemnly resolved that Oliver Cromwell should be constituted General of all their forces then in Ireland, and Cromwell prepared for the expedition with the greatest diligence.

48. Papal bull read at Waterford assembly

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1175

    In 1175, Henry II sent Nicholas Prior of Wallingford and William Fitz-Aldelm to Ireland with the bull of Pope Alexander III, which was read and approved at an assembly of bishops at Waterford, conferring on Henry the title of Lord of Ireland.

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    In the year 1175, according to Ware, who follows the account given by English authors, Henry 11. sent Nicholas Prior of Willingford, and William Eitz-Aldehn, ancestor of the De Burgos, to Ireland, with the bull of Pope Alexander III., which confirmed that of Adrian, and was read and approved of in an assembly of bishops at Waterford, conferring on this Prince the title of Lord of Ireland and other privileges. But there is no mention of this in the Irish Annals. — After discharging this commission, Fitz-Aldelm and Nicholas, it is stated, repaired to the King in Normandy, when they succeeded so far in prejudicing Henry against Eaymond, that he ordered his recall. — Just, however, as he was on the point of departing, O^'Brien of Thomond surrounded Limerick with a large force, and the troops refusing to march under any but Eaymond, Strongbow was obhged to restore him to

    " Le reis O'Brien vet conseiller At gentil cuntguerrer Qu'il feit prendre li trecheur Si li feit livrer a deshonur." — V. 2094.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford was where a papal bull settled the question of who ruled Ireland. In 1175, Henry the Second sent two men to carry it there: Nicholas, Prior of Wallingford, and William Fitz-Aldelm, ancestor of the De Burgos. They brought the bull of Pope Alexander the Third, which confirmed an earlier bull of Adrian. At an assembly of bishops in Waterford, it was read and approved, conferring on Henry the title of Lord of Ireland, with other privileges. The Irish Annals make no mention of any of this. After discharging that commission, Fitz-Aldelm and Nicholas went to the king in Normandy. There, it is stated, they succeeded in prejudicing Henry against Raymond, so that he ordered his recall. Just as Raymond was on the point of departing, O'Brien of Thomond surrounded Limerick with a large force. The troops refused to march under anyone but Raymond, and Strongbow was obliged to restore him.

49. Parish subscriptions for O'Connell testimonial in Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1847

    A general subscription was commenced throughout Limerick city and county for a National Testimonial to O'Connell. Sums raised by the parishes of St. Michael, Parteen, St. Patrick, and Monaleen, amounting to £151, were retained locally and formed the nucleus of funds for the bronze statue at the Crescent.

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    O'Connell. A large sum was subscribed, and forwarded to a National Committee then formed in Dublin for that grateful purpose; but as the sums raised by the Parishes of St. Michael, Parteen, St. Patrick, and Monaleen, amounting to £151, were retained by the merest chance in Limerick, and were subsequently lodged in the Provincial Bank of Ireland by the Treasurer of the fund, William Roche, Esq., the money formed the nucleus of a much larger and more general subscription, which some few years subsequently was raised by the city and county, and by the counties of Tipperary and Clare, for the magnificent statue in bronze to O'Connell, which graces the Crescent in Limerick, and of which we shall have to treat in due course.

    An action was brought this year, by Mr. Joseph Robinson, merchant, against the tenant of that portion of the Tolls and Customs comprised under the head " Tolls and Customs on river and water carriage", as heretofore collected. The action arose from the seizure of a portion of a cargo of Indian corn, imported into Limerick from Kilrush by a trading vessel during the previous year, after toll had been demanded and refused. Defence was taken by the Corporation. The action involved the whole question of that portion of the revenue of the citizens of Limerick, which went under the head of Tolls and Customs — nearly four-fifths of the Borough Fund — a fund from time immemorial collected, as in Liverpool, Cork, Glasgow, Bristol, etc. The right had been before challenged, but without effect. In 1 823 an action had been brought against the then existing Corporation, to test their right to levy tolls and customs. It was tried in Cork, and a verdict found for the Corporation. The case embracing the greater portion of the Borough Fund, out of which the public markets were maintained, the public charities contributed to, the cleansing, A^atering, lighting of the old town, etc., defrayed, the local courts supported, and the general improvement of the city advanced, it was unanimously resolved to defend the action, which was done successfully.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 290

    As the companion tells it

    In 1847, the city of Limerick saw a general subscription begun throughout the city and county for a National Testimonial to O'Connell. A large sum was subscribed and forwarded to a National Committee then formed in Dublin for that grateful purpose. But the sums raised by the parishes of St. Michael, Parteen, St. Patrick, and Monaleen, amounting to 151 pounds, were retained by the merest chance in Limerick. They were subsequently lodged in the Provincial Bank of Ireland by the Treasurer of the fund, William Roche. That money formed the nucleus of a much larger and more general subscription, raised some few years later by the city and county, and by the counties of Tipperary and Clare, for the bronze statue to O'Connell that graces the Crescent in Limerick. So the statue standing at the Crescent owed its beginning to those four parishes and to the chance that kept their contributions from being sent on to Dublin. William Roche held the funds, and from that small start the people of Limerick and the neighbouring counties built something lasting in bronze.

50. Passage discovered under Bow Lane to Minor Canon's college

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    A passage was discovered leading under Bow Lane from the west side of the north transept to the ruins of the Minor Canon's college, founded by Bishop Hubert de Burgh, which had lately been used as a smithy.

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    cathedral, indeed, has very strong claims upon the citizens of Limerick, the antiquarian, and the lover of art; and a brief account of it may be introduced here. To the Catholic, St. Mary's is a trophy, not of victory, but of the taste and refinement of ages foully slandered. By Catholics it was planned, executed, endowed, and to them it owes all that it IS. With them its fondest associations are connected. A few bishops, De Burgh, D'Eau, or Waters, and O'Dea, before the Reformation, and Adams after it, took a deep interest in the Cathedral: but their additions can be discerned from the original structure, and exhibit more zeal than judgment or architectural taste. Around the church in days of yore stood the Chapter House — the Divinity School — the Consistorial Court — the Schola Cantorum — the Cloisters with residences of Canons, Vicars Choral, and Dean, lience called the Dean's close, of which many interesting remains are still traceable to the north and south of the church. Some years ago a passage was discovered leading under Bow Lane, from the west side of the north transept, to the ruins of the Minor Canon's college, founded by Bishop Hubert de Burgh, and lately a smithy. With the exception of the sacristy, nothing is now wanting of the old edifice. The chancel must have been a little curtailed of its original length. The old edifice, disencumbered of its modern additions, was a pure basilica, consisting of nave, two aisles parallel with nave, transepts, chancel, the east side of which was not an apsis, but a straight wall in which was a three-light window. This deviation from the lay basilica was universal before the introduction of choirs. The sacristy, placed of necessity near the high altar, was another common deviation from the strict basilica shape. The nave was 170 feet long — formerly it is believed it was 180 — by 27 wide ; yet, from the circumstance of each triforium ending in a spiral staircase (which was discovered about the year 1861) leading to the roof, it may be asked if the original church did not terminate at the present intersection with the transepts; and there is strong reason for believing that the chancel was a subsequent addition of Bishop Donat, whose armorial bearings, carved in grit-stone, are inserted in the west- end of the north chancel wall, and may be seen over the present pulpit. The transept was V)3 feet long, by 30. Tlie aisles are, or rather were, very narrow— only 12 feet wide. The pillars which separate the nave from the aisles are mere square piles of masonry, chamfered or rounded off on the edges, the base and cap only being of cut stone — being 36 feet square, and some, those of the transept, still grosser. On both sides of the wall which formed the aisles are still seen the corbels or brackets for receiving the beams on which rested the heels and heads of the rafters of the former penthouse roof These aisles terminated at the transept in an altar, the piscina of one of which is still seen in the northern aisle. A southern porch existed formerly, which has been replaced by a plainer and longer modern one. The tow^er attracts our attention for many reasons. Its situation is peculiar ; its form a subject of controversy. In some of the older maps of Limerick there is a spire where tlie tower now stands.' Nevertheless, Ave are inclined to think that no spire crowned St. Mary's cathedral in the twelfth century, and equally certain does it appear to us that the present tower has not the full

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 318

    As the companion tells it

    In Limerick, a passage was discovered some years ago leading under Bow Lane, from the west side of the north transept of Saint Mary's Cathedral to the ruins of the Minor Canon's college. That college was founded by Bishop Hubert de Burgh, and had lately been used as a smithy. Saint Mary's Cathedral has strong claims upon the citizens of Limerick. It was planned, executed, and endowed by Catholics. A few bishops took a deep interest in it. Before the Reformation, De Burgh, D'Eau, Waters, and O'Dea made additions to the cathedral. After the Reformation, Adams did the same. Their additions can be discerned from the original structure, and exhibit more zeal than judgment or architectural taste. Around the church once stood the Chapter House, the Divinity School, the Consistorial Court, the Schola Cantorum, and the Cloisters with residences of Canons, Vicars Choral, and the Dean, hence called the Dean's close. Many interesting remains of these are still traceable to the north and south of the church. With the exception of the sacristy, nothing is now wanting of the old edifice. The chancel must have been a little curtailed of its original length. The old edifice, disencumbered of its modern additions, was a pure basilica, consisting of nave, two aisles parallel with the nave, transepts, and chancel. The east side of the chancel was not an apsis but a straight wall in which was a three-light window. The nave was 170 feet long by 27 wide, though it is believed it was formerly 180. A spiral staircase was discovered about the year 1861 at the end of each triforium, leading to the roof. There is strong reason to believe the chancel was a subsequent addition of Bishop Donat, whose armorial bearings, carved in grit-stone, are inserted in the west end of the north chancel wall, and may be seen over the present pulpit.

51. Peter's Cell: professional residences and St. Francis well

    Peter's Cell · street · Limerick

    Peter's Cell was a favored place of residence for professional men, where Madame O'Dell had a fine residence and gardens sheltered by the town walls. A spring well in the garden, belonging to the ancient Abbey of St. Francis, supplied the neighbourhood with water but is now closed off by the wall of a tan-yard.

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    There were several lodges of freemasons in these times, the names of the Masters and Wardens of which are set forth in the Directory, and the places of meeting. Peter's Cell was a favorite place of residence with professional men, and in that locality Madame O'Dell had a fine residence and gardens ; the town walls affording a shelter to the fruit trees, and in the garden was a spring weU which supplied the neighbourhood with water. This well belonged to the ancient Abbey of St. Francis, and is at present closed off from the highway by the wall of a tan-yard.

    17G9. Names of the Jury (in the county of Limerick) to try an issue of great importance between Ambrose Cuffe, Plaintiff, and James Hewson, Defendant, of a plea of trespass : —

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 205

    As the companion tells it

    Peter's Cell was a favourite place of residence for professional men in Limerick. Madame O'Dell had a fine residence and gardens there, with the town walls affording shelter to the fruit trees. In the garden was a spring well which supplied the neighbourhood with water. This well belonged to the ancient Abbey of St. Francis, and it is now closed off from the highway by the wall of a tan-yard.

52. Public lighting for Limerick under George II

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1741

    Limerick was provided with public lights under an Act of George II, which also regulated the lighting of Dublin and Cork. Further improvements to the Act were made in 1741.

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    Limerick having been provided with public lights under the Act Cth Geo. II. which also regulated the fighting of Dublin and Cork, some improvements, which had been loudly called for, were made in the Act in 1741.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, it is worth knowing that this city was provided with public lights under an Act of George the Second. That same Act also regulated the lighting of Dublin and Cork. Further improvements to the Act, which had been loudly called for, were made in 1741.

53. Rev. George Studdert dies after fall on Glentworth Street

    Glentworth Street · street · Limerick

    Rev. George Studdert, Rector of Kilpeacon, died at his house in the new Crescent after accidentally falling into the unprotected area of a new building on the S.W. corner of Glentworth Street on the dark night of the 18th.

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    Dec. 21st. — At an early hour this morning, the Kev. George Studdert, Rector of Kilpeacon, died at his house in the new Crescent. He accidentally fell into the unprotected area of a new building, on the S.W. corner of Glentworth street, on the dark night of the 18th instant ; and lost his life by the bruises he received in the fall.

    1814 — January llth The Dublin Mail Coach, in its progress to Limerick, arrested for two

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 246

    As the companion tells it

    On the dark night of the 18th of December, the Reverend George Studdert, Rector of Kilpeacon, accidentally fell into the unprotected area of a new building on the corner of Glentworth Street. He died from the bruises he received. The report came on the 21st, noting that he passed at his house in the new Crescent.

54. Sarsfield hailed at Cullen and crossed near Birr

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1690–1691

    The poem describes Patrick Sarsfield being welcomed as a conqueror and friend at Cullen and crossing Narrow-water near Birr during his campaigns for the Stuart cause.

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    The Son of Mary guard you and bless you to the end ! 'Tis altered is the time since your legions were astir, When, at Cullen, you were hailed as the Conqueror and Friend, And you crossed Narrow-water, near Birr. Och ! ochone !

    I'll journey to the North, over mount, moor, and wave,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 156

    As the companion tells it

    This is the town of Birr. In 1690 or 1691 Patrick Sarsfield crossed Narrow-water near here during his campaigns for the Stuart cause. A poem of the time remembers him being hailed at Cullen as the Conqueror and Friend, before that crossing near Birr.

55. Scarampi met at Waterford over Limerick affairs

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1643–1644

    The author had previously met papal envoy Scarampi at Waterford, where he offered the apology of Limerick's mayor and citizens and explained their obedience to the apostolic seat. He then returned to Limerick to report Scarampi's goodwill.

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    Most Illustrious Lord — As when I was lately at Waterford, and had offered to you the apology of our mayor, and of all classes of our city, and explained to you the reasons of our constant duty and obedience to the apostolic seat, so in turn when I came to Limerick, I extolled the praises of your kindness, benignity, and indulgence towards them, and brought word that your most illustrious Lordship had decided upon thoroughly effacing and removing the mark of the offence you had taken, honoured our city and aged bishop with your presence, and fixed for that purpose upon the next spring as being most suitable, being the time when you should have some respite from the anxiety of business, as well as when the serenity of the air, the tranquillity' of the weather, and the pleasantness of the country might conduce more to your health, and mitigate the tediousncss of so long a journey. The reason for which candour on your part, and foresight in selecting the time of the proposed journey', all approved, and did not expect your most welcome arrival before that time. But our mayor very latelj- heard that our bishop had intended (I know not what secret advice moving him to it), himself and the rest of the common council, and some one of the clergy, should invite and bring hither your most illustrious Lordship at so unseasonable a time of the year, when, without the pressure of some urgent necessity,

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 87

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford is where a papal envoy called Scarampi was met, in the years 1643 to 1644. A man from Limerick came here to him and offered the apology of the mayor and of all classes of that city. He explained to Scarampi the reasons for their constant duty and obedience to the apostolic seat. When the man returned to Limerick, he extolled Scarampi's kindness, benignity, and indulgence toward them. He brought word that Scarampi had decided to thoroughly efface and remove the mark of the offence he had taken. Scarampi intended to honour the city and its aged bishop with his presence. He had fixed on the next spring as most suitable, being the time when he would have some respite from the anxiety of business, and when the serenity of the air, the tranquillity of the weather, and the pleasantness of the country might conduce more to his health and mitigate the tediousness of so long a journey. The mayor then very lately heard that the bishop had intended, on some secret advice, that he and the rest of the common council and some one of the clergy should invite and bring Scarampi to Limerick at so unseasonable a time of year, without the pressure of any urgent necessity.

56. Sidney's letter from Limerick describing southern Ireland, 1576

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1576

    Sir Henry Sidney addressed a letter to the Lords of the Council from Limerick dated 27th February 1575-6, detailing his tour through Ulster, Leinster, Waterford and Munster. The letter described the state of the south of Ireland at this period.

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    During Sir Henry Sidney's visit to Limerick he addressed a letter to the Lords of the Council in England, which supplies some interesting details, illustrating the state of the south of Ireland at this period. The letter is dated Limerick 27th of February, 1575-6, and after giving an account of his arrival in Waterford, after his tour in Ulster and Leinster in all which places he met with a very favourable reception, proceeds to describe his visit to Lord Power at Curraghmore, where he was entertained " with plenty and good order," and where he found the tenants in a condition which would be considered enviable at the present day, for though the soil is stated to be much worse than in the county Kilkenny, " yet his tenants made more of one acre of land than there was made of three acres in that country or was made in the Decies, the lordship near adjoining him on the other side ; and the reason was that he suffered no idlers in his county, nor the better sort to oppress each other."

    From Curraghmore the Lord Deputy proceeded to Dungarvan Castle, where the Earl of Desmond waited on him, humbly offering him any service that he was able to do the queen.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 59

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick, where Sir Henry Sidney addressed a letter to the Lords of the Council in England on the 27th of February 1576. The letter came out of a long tour through Ulster, Leinster, Waterford and Munster, and it tells what Sidney found in the south of Ireland at that time. He had arrived in Waterford after travelling through Ulster and Leinster, and everywhere he met with a favourable reception. From there he went to Curraghmore, where Lord Power entertained him, in Sidney's own words, with plenty and good order. He found the tenants there in a condition that would be thought enviable even now. The soil was said to be much worse than in county Kilkenny, yet his tenants made more of one acre of land than was made of three acres in that country or in the Decies, the lordship near adjoining him on the other side. The reason Sidney gave was that Lord Power suffered no idlers in his county, nor allowed the better sort to oppress each other. From Curraghmore the Lord Deputy proceeded to Dungarvan Castle, where the Earl of Desmond waited on him, humbly offering any service that he was able to do the queen.

57. Spenser's garrison charge assessment for Irish towns

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1594

    Spenser proposed that corporate towns enjoying franchises from the Queen should bear garrison costs proportionate to their abilities. A table assessed charges for towns including Limerick, Waterford, Cork, Galway, Kilkenny, Dublin and others, totaling 580 across all listed towns.

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    Iren. I will tell you those two cities alone of all the rest do offer an nigate to the Spaniard most fitly. But yet because they shall not take exceptions to this that they are charged above all the rest, I will also lay a charge upon the others likewise : for indeed it is his reason that the Corporate towns enjoj'ing great franchises and privileges from Her Majesty and living thereby not only safe, but drawing to them the wealth of all the land, should live so free as not to be partakers of the burden of this garrison for their own safety especially in time of trouble, and seeing all the rest burthened ; (and therefore) I will charge tbera thus all ratably according to their abilites, towards their maintenance, the which Her Majesty may (if she pleases) spare out of the charge of the rest, and reserve towards her other costes, or else adde to the charge of the residency in the North.

    Waterford C Clonmel X Dundalke X

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 68

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick appears in a plan from 1594, when Spenser set out how the corporate towns of Ireland should share the cost of garrisons. He argued through the voice of Irenaeus that certain cities offered entry to the Spaniard most fitly, but to avoid those cities taking exception at being charged above all the rest, he would lay a charge upon the others likewise. His reasoning was that corporate towns enjoying great franchises and privileges from Her Majesty, living not only safe but drawing to them the wealth of all the land, should not live so free as to be no partakers of the burden of this garrison for their own safety, especially in time of trouble, and seeing all the rest burthened. He would charge them all ratably according to their abilities. Her Majesty might spare that from the charge of the rest, and reserve it towards her other costs, or add it to the charge of the residency in the North. A table assessed the charges across the listed towns including Waterford, Cork, Galway, Kilkenny, Dublin and others, totalling 580.

58. Surrender of Ballygarry Castle

    Ballygarry · townland · Mayo · 1602

    Garret Stack held the Castle of Ballygarry from the Confederates, but Sir Charles Wilmot advanced from Limerick by water to attack it, and the garrison surrendered at discretion.

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    0''Neill and O'Donnell differed in opinion as to the propriety of attacking the Enghsh cam.p on a certain night, proposed by the commander of the Spaniards, Don Juan Del Aguila, who wrote pressingly to the Irish leaders entreating them to come to his assistance at once; O'Donnell thought they were bound to accede to this request. An immediate attack was resolved on, and by the treacliery of Brian MacHugh. Oge MacMahon, Carew was apprized of the intended onslaught. On the night of the 23rd, the Irish set out in three divisions, Captains Tyrrell, O'Neill and O'Domiell respectively, commanding the van, the centre, and the rere. The guides missed their way, and after wandering through the night, O'Neill found himself separated from O'Donnell, at the very entrenchments of the English, who were fully prepared for the attack. O'Donnell was now at a considerable distance, and just as O'Neill was preparmg either to retreat or put his men in order of battle, the English cavalry charged their broken lines, and notwithstanding the stout resistance of the Irish and the gallantry of the Spaniards, O'Neill's command Avere either cut down or compelled to retreat. O'Donnell came at last and repulsed the English wing. O'Neill made extraordinary exertions to rally his flying troops, but all to no purpose, nearly a thousand of the Irish fell. The prisoners were immediately hung ; and three days after the battle of Kinsale, the heroic Eed Hugh O'Donnell had sailed in a Spanish ship from Castlehaven for Spain, where he was received with the greatest honors. O'Neill returned to Ulster. The Spaniards capitulated, marching out of Kinsale with colors flying, and with arms, ammunition, and all their property. On the return of Don Juan, who was suspected by the Irish of treachery, probably owing to the friendship which suddenly sprung up between Mm and Sir George Carew, he was placed under arrest and died of grief. The famous defence of Dunboy castle by Richard MacGeoghegan and Father CoUins, to Avhom O'SulKvan had committed that fortahce, is an event too well known to require particular description. The President having levelled its fortifications returned to Cork ; and after a series of marvellous adventures and romantic escapes, O'SulKvan, O'Connor Kerry, and William Burke reached the Shannon at T^'erryglass, and having caused their followers to make corraghs or basket boats they crossed the river, and eventually arrived safely in the county of Leitrim, though perpetually harassed by enemies.' Garret Stack still held the Castle of Ballygarry from the Confederates, but Sir Charles Wilmot having advanced from Limerick by water to attack it, the garrison surrendered at discretion.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 71

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballygarry, a castle stood whose story belongs to the last days of the Confederate war. In 1602, the battle of Kinsale had shattered the Irish cause. O'Neill and O'Donnell had disagreed over whether to attack the English camp, urged on by the Spanish commander Don Juan del Aguila. They set out on the night of the 23rd in three divisions, but the guides lost their way. O'Neill found himself separated from O'Donnell at the very English entrenchments. The English cavalry charged their broken lines. Nearly a thousand of the Irish fell, and the prisoners were immediately hanged. Three days after the battle, Red Hugh O'Donnell sailed in a Spanish ship from Castlehaven for Spain, where he was received with the greatest honours. O'Neill returned to Ulster. The Spaniards capitulated, marching out of Kinsale with colours flying, with arms, ammunition, and all their property. Don Juan del Aguila, suspected by the Irish of treachery, was placed under arrest and died of grief. The famous defence of Dunboy castle by Richard MacGeoghegan and Father Collins ended, and the President levelled its fortifications and returned to Cork. O'Sullivan, O'Connor Kerry, and William Burke reached the Shannon at Terryglass, made corraghs or basket boats, and crossed the river, eventually arriving safely in the county of Leitrim, though perpetually harassed by enemies. And here, Garret Stack still held the Castle of Ballygarry from the Confederates. Sir Charles Wilmot advanced from Limerick by water to attack it, and the garrison surrendered at discretion.

59. Surrender of Franciscan friary and grant to Edmond Sexten

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1543

    On surrender, the friary was found to contain a church, dormitory, cloister, hall, kitchen, three chambers, and a garden, with ten messuages and ten gardens, valued at 43s. 2d. annually. On 25 August in the 35th year of Henry VIII, the friary and all its possessions—except tithes granted to the Lord Baron of Castleconnell—were granted to Edmond Sexten at an annual rent of 2s. 2d. sterling.

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    August 25th, in the 35th year of Henry VIH., this friary, with all its possessions — the tithes excepted, which were granted to the Lord Baron of Castlcconnell — was granted to Edmond Sexten for ever, in capite, at the annual rent of 2s. 2d. sterling.

    The friary stood without the walls, where the old county court-house was afterwards erected, now or lately a corn store in the locality called the " Abbey": the old church had been converted into the county hospital.

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 376

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, in 1543 the Franciscan friary here was surrendered. On August 25th, in the 35th year of Henry VIII, the friary and all its possessions were granted to Edmond Sexten, at an annual rent of 2 shillings and 2 pence sterling. The tithes were excepted, granted to the Lord Baron of Castleconnell. The friary stood without the walls. The old church became the county hospital, and a corn store later stood where the court-house had been.

60. The Siege of Limerick, City of the Fights

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

    The poem honors the heroes of Limerick, calling it the City of the Fights, referencing the sieges where Irish forces camped, prayed, and fought against the Saxon army.

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    To the heroes of Limerick, the City of the Fights,

    Be my best blessing, borne on the wings of the air ! We had card-playing there, o'er our camp-fires at night, And the Word of Life, too, and prayer, Och ! ochone 1

    Internet Archive limerickitshisto00leni, Chapter 156

    As the companion tells it

    This is Limerick, called the City of the Fights. A poem honors its heroes, sending blessing on the wings of the air. Around the camp-fires at night there was card-playing, and there was the Word of Life, and prayer. The poem ends with a cry: och, ochone.