Limerick and its sieges

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Ireton's fort repurposed as key Limerick defence

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

   The great fort constructed by Ireton during the Cromwellian siege now served, by a curious change of circumstances, as one of the most important defences of the Jacobite city. It stood to the extreme right of the fortifications, outside the walls.

   Read the passage

   and took shelter under the walls. The Ens:- lish followed closelv, and towards evening gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland. Before them lay the panorama of the city, at a distance of about five hundred yards, the intervening slopes covered with the retreating squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind this stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower, mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned Sharply towards Ball's Bridge, and in the centre was a sally-port. The Bridge was exposed to view, but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, and without the Avails, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances, one of the most important of the defences, and the green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 23

   As the companion tells it

   Coming through Limerick now. In 1690, the English gained the semicircular hills at Singland and looked down on the city from about 500 yards. The intervening slopes were covered with retreating Irish squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, with the fortifications stretched behind it. The citadel at St. John's Gate stood immediately in front, defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned sharply towards Ball's Bridge, with a sally-port in the centre. The bridge was exposed to view but outside the range of the guns. In the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, and from its summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, and outside the walls, was the great fort constructed by Ireton. It had been built during the Cromwellian siege. Now, by a curious change of circumstances, it stood as one of the most important of the city's defences. The green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

2. Donaghmore burial ground and O'Connell midnight burial

   Donaghmore · parish · Limerick · 1855

   The adjacent burial ground at Donaghmore was the place of sepulture of many distinguished Irish families, particularly the Clan Ua Conail. In 1855 John George O'Connell was buried there at midnight by torchlight, as was his family's custom.

   Read the passage

   he marked out their foundations on Sunday."* The Irish word Domhnach, pronounce! downagh, signifies both a Church and Sunday. The evidence then seems conclusive which ascribes its foundation to St. Pat lick. The time that this little building, measuring externally forty feet by twenty-six, could have received the name of Donaghmore, the Great Church must have been remote indeed. Almost the whole of the east wall is modern. There are only two windows at present existing. That in the east gable is a narrow slit, not in the middle of the wall, but situated a little to the right. The second window was in the south wall near the west end, but the interior of it is very much injured and looks more like a hole than a window. The adjacent burial ground was the place of sepulture of many distinguished Irish families, and particularly of the Clan Ua Conail, whose name is still preserved in the designation of the two Baronies of Upper and Lower Con* nello. In 185.') John George O'Connell was buried here at midnight and by torch-

   * Joyce's Irish Names of Places, pu^o 318.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd

3. Abbey of Mungret ruins described

   Mungret · town · Limerick

   The ruins of Mungret Abbey consist of three unequal portions connected by low square doorways, with a battlemented tower and an east lancet window. A monastic church standing roofless by the roadside dates to at least the tenth century, measuring forty-one feet by twenty-three feet with walls fourteen feet high.

   Read the passage

   are well known. The most conspicuous building consists of three unequal portions communicating one with another by means of low square doorways. The east window is a long narrow lancet and the others are of the same character. A small tower with battlemented top rises above the walls, but the internal staircase has been destroyed. To the east of this, the principal structure at present, is a small Chapel of earlier date. It is fourteen feet wide, but its length cannot be ascertained, as the wall of one of the gables is modern, and may not occupy the exact position of the original, which it replaces. The most ancient building of the three is the Monastic Church standing roofless by the roadside. According to O 'Donovan it is built in the style of the tenth century, but other writers with more probability assign it to an earlier period. Like most of the ancient Irish Churches it is a plain rectangle, without aisles or chancel. It measures forty- one feet in length by twenty-three in width, and the walls are fourteen high. In the east gable is a rude round-headed window, and there were two others. The door is

   154 NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LIMERICK.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 63

4. Chamber of Commerce building in George-street, Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick

   The Chamber of Commerce building is in George-street and contains a commodious reading room and library. Several pictures of civic interest are found there, including the election of Mr. T. Spring Rice for the city in 1820, a portrait by Sir M. A. Shee, and a view of the Abbey River in 1816.

   Read the passage

   fcrrecl to. This body lias bestowed its attention upon each department of trade and opened up facilities for its successful cultivation. They undertook the management of the butter trade, encouraged the linen trade, contributed large sums to alleviate the sufferings of the operatives in times of depression or distress, and in fine, much of the improvement of the city is due to the early enterprise and public spirit of that body. The efficiency of the Chamber of Commerce in recent years has been fully maintained by its present President, Sir James Spaight, the late Secretary, Mr. AVilliam Carroll, and present Secretary, Mr. M. O' Gorman. The building is in George-street, and contains a commodious reading room and library. There are also to be found here several pictures of civic interest, such as the election of Mr. T. Spring Rice for the city in 1820, a full length portrait of the same gentleman, executed by Sir M. A. Slice, P.R.A., a view of the Abbey Eiver in 1816, old St. John's Square and the entry of George IV. into Dublin.

   MODERtf LIMEllICK. 139

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 56

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, the Chamber of Commerce building stands in George-street. The Chamber has focused on each department of trade, managing the butter trade and encouraging the linen trade. It contributed large sums to alleviate the sufferings of the operatives in times of depression or distress, and much of the improvement of the city is due to the early enterprise and public spirit of that body. In recent years its efficiency has been maintained by its President, Sir James Spaight, the late Secretary, Mr. William Carroll, and the present Secretary, Mr. M. O'Gorman. The building contains a commodious reading room and library. Several pictures of civic interest are found here, such as the election of Mr. T. Spring Rice for the city in 1820, a full length portrait of the same gentleman executed by Sir M. A. Shee, a view of the Abbey River in 1816, old St. John's Square, and the entry of George IV into Dublin.

5. Citadel at St. John's Gate described during siege

   Saint John's Gate · street · Dublin · 1690

   The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front of the English position, defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower mounting three guns, while to the right was the Black Battery.

   Read the passage

   and took shelter under the walls. The Ens:- lish followed closelv, and towards evening gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland. Before them lay the panorama of the city, at a distance of about five hundred yards, the intervening slopes covered with the retreating squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind this stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower, mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned Sharply towards Ball's Bridge, and in the centre was a sally-port. The Bridge was exposed to view, but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, and without the Avails, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances, one of the most important of the defences, and the green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 23

   As the companion tells it

   Along this street in 1690, the citadel at St. John's Gate stood immediately in front of the English position. The English had followed the retreating Irish closely and gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland, about 500 yards from the city, the intervening slopes covered with the retreating squadrons. Before them lay the whole panorama of the city. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind this stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned sharply towards Ball's Bridge, and in the centre was a sally-port. The Bridge was exposed to view but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, outside the walls, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances one of the most important of the defences, and the green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

6. Limerick City Regiment converted to artillery corps

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1854

   In 1854 the City of Limerick Regiment was converted from infantry to an artillery corps due to the war with Russia and the new Militia Act, consisting of three companies of 234 rank and file.

   Read the passage

   In the year 1854, in consequence of war breaking out with Russia, and in compliance with the provisions of the new Militia Act, the City of Limerick Regiment was changed from being an infantry into being an artillery corps. It was to consist of three companies of 234 rank and file, and recruiting began on 10th November of that year. The regiment had its full quota of men, and was again embodied on 3rd Feb., 1855. The following officers then held commissions : —

   Colonel — Viscount Gort.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 81

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, the City of Limerick Regiment was changed here in 1854. War had broken out with Russia, and under the new Militia Act, the regiment was converted from infantry to an artillery corps. It was to consist of three companies of 234 rank and file. Recruiting began on 10th November of that year. The regiment had its full quota of men and was embodied again on 3rd February 1855. Colonel Viscount Gort then held command.

7. Limerick fortifications repaired and strengthened

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

   Over twelve months the citizens of Limerick repaired the breach, erected new works on the site of the Black Battery, and lined the walls with great thickness to render them bomb-proof. Some supplies had been received from James.

   Read the passage

   During the previous twelve months the citizens of Limerick had clone all in their power to make good their losses. The fortifications had been strengthened. The breach was repaired. New works were erected on the site of the Black Battery. The walls received a lining of great thickness which rendered them bomb proof. Some supplies had been received from James which, though not in such quantities as had been expected, were yet sufficient for all necessary purposes. The Irish army lay on the right bank of the Shannon, the outposts on the other side being abandoned. The cavalry were encamped in Clare and the main body of the infantry were in Limerick. Here also were the Duke of Tyrconnell, Lord Lieutenant, and the chief officials of the Jacobite Government. d'Usson, who lost Athlone, was on the death of St. Ruth appointed Governor of Limerick and commander of the army.

   86 SIEGE BY GINKLE.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 33

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, you are moving through a city that prepared itself for war. Over the twelve months before the siege of 1691, the citizens did all they could to make good their losses. The fortifications were strengthened and the breach repaired. New works went up on the site of the Black Battery. The walls received a lining of great thickness, enough to render them bomb proof. Some supplies had come from James, not in the quantities expected, but sufficient for all necessary purposes. The Irish army lay on the right bank of the Shannon, with the outposts on the far side abandoned. The cavalry were encamped in Clare, and the main body of the infantry were in Limerick. The Duke of Tyrconnell, Lord Lieutenant, and the chief officials of the Jacobite Government were here too. D'Usson, who lost Athlone, was appointed Governor of Limerick and commander of the army after the death of St. Ruth.

8. Limerick sacked and burned by Dalcassians

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 969

   After the victory at Sollohed in 969, the Dalcassian forces attacked the Danish city of Limerick, plundered it, and burned it to the ground. Rich spoils including gold, silver, silks, and captives were carried off by the Munster troops.

   Read the passage

   Soon, however, an avenger arose, who crushed and almost annihilated the power of these rapacious foreigners. The Dalcassians, under Mahon, were now coming into prominence and asserting their superiority. In 969, the Dalcassians, headed by Mahon, King of Cashel, and his brother, Brian Eoru, encountered the Danes under Ivar at Sollohed, within a short distance of the present Limerick Junction. Victory declared in favour of the gallant brothers, and the raven flag of the Northmen drooped in flight. Three thousand were slain in battle, and the remainder fled to Limerick. The city was attacked, plundered and burned to the ground, and its rich spoils became the booty of the Munster troops.

   An interesting glimpse is afforded of the wealth and trade of the Danish Colony in Limerick in the tenth century, by the following extract : — "They (the victors of Sulcoit) carried off their jewels and their best property and their saddles beautiful and foreign ; their gold and their silver ; their beautifully- woven cloth of all colours and of all kinds; their satin and their

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 6

   As the companion tells it

   As you come through Limerick, you're passing a city the Dalcassians burned to the ground in 969. The Dalcassians, under Mahon, King of Cashel, and his brother, Brian Eoru, had met the Danes under Ivar at Sollohed, a short distance from what is now Limerick Junction. Victory declared in favour of the gallant brothers. The raven flag of the Northmen drooped in flight. Three thousand were slain, and the remainder fled to the city. It was attacked, plundered, and burned to the ground, and its rich spoils became the booty of the Munster troops. The passage gives a glimpse of the wealth and trade of the Danish colony in the tenth century. The victors "carried off their jewels and their best property and their saddles beautiful and foreign; their gold and their silver; their beautifully woven cloth of all colours and of all kinds; their satin and their"…

9. Opening and renaming of Sarsfield Bridge

   Sarsfield Bridge · street · Limerick · 1835–1883

   The Wellesley Bridge in Limerick took eleven years to build and was opened in 1835 by the Earl of Mulgrave. It was freed from toll in 1883, at which point the Corporation changed its name to Sarsfield Bridge.

   Read the passage

   Bridge took eleven years to build and the Commissioners spent nearly ninety thousand pounds on its construction. It was opened in 1835 by the Earl of Mulgrave, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The Bridge was not freed from toll till 1883, on which occasion the Corporation changed the name to Sarsfield Bridge.

   In 1826 a Company was formed for supplying the citizens with water, laid down into their houses by means of pipes. A large reservoir was constructed on the site of Cromwell's Port, with which water was pumped from the Shannon, from a point a considerable distance above the town. A second reservoir has been subsequently erected on the Ennis road.

   Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 53

   As the companion tells it

   Along here is Sarsfield Bridge. It took eleven years to build, and the commissioners spent nearly ninety thousand pounds on its construction. It was opened in 1835 by the Earl of Mulgrave, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The bridge was not freed from toll until 1883, and on that occasion the Corporation changed the name to Sarsfield Bridge.

10. County Gaol built near Cork Road 1817-1821

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1817–1821

    The County Gaol near the Cork road was begun in 1817 and completed in 1821 at a cost of £23,000. It featured a ten-sided hewn-stone tower sixty feet high with five ranges of cell buildings, surrounded by a wall twenty feet high.

    Read the passage

    1808 saw the foundation of the County Courthouse, which was ready for the transaction of business in the summer of 1810. It is a quadrangular building of hewn limestone with a Doric portico of four massive columns. The architects, Messrs. Nicholas & William Hannon, were natives of the county. A Theatre was erected in George Street, which not proving a success was purchased by the Augustinian Order and converted into a church. In the next year the City Gaol replaced the old edifice in Mary Street, which had fallen into decay. It stands on the site of the old Deanery House and garden. The County Gaol, near the Cork road, was begun in 1817 and completed in 1821, at a cost of £23,000. A tower built of hewn stone forms the centre of the whole. It has ten sides, and is sixty feet in height. Five ranges of buildings extend from the tower in which are the cells. The whole is surrounded by a wall twenty feet in height, and two and a-half thick, and outside the

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 51

11. Danes and Munster men ravage Clonmacnoise together

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 951

    In a strange sequel to the Battle of Singland, the Danes of Limerick and the men of Munster united in 951 to ravage Clonmacnoise, illustrating the shifting alliances between Irish and Norse.

    Read the passage

    Callachan permitted the Danes to remain in possession of the city in the enjoyment of their own laws and subject to their own chiefs, contenting himself with merely taking hostages and exacting large contributions. It is a strange sequel to the victory to learn that shortly afterwards, in 951, the Danes of Limerick and the men of Munster united in again ravaging Clonmacnois.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 5

12. Danes defeated near Lough Ree

    near Lough Ree · lake or lakes · Westmeath · 927

    Shortly after taking Lough Corrib in 927, the Danes of Limerick suffered a defeat at the hands of the men of Connaught near Lough Ree.

    Read the passage

    Cormac and most of his chiefs fell in battle, with Flann, head of the Southern Hy Nials, in the year 903, and the incursions of the Danes, now reinforced by many of their countrymen, became more fierce than ever, In 920 an expedition from Limerick sailed up the Shannon, laid waste and plundered Clonmacnois and Inis-Cealtra, or Holv Island, in Lough Derg, ravaged the neighbourhood, and returned laden with great spoils. Contentions arose between the Danes of Dublin and Limerick, in which the latter were victorious. In 927 they took possession of Lough Corrib, whose shores they wasted ; but shortly afterwards they suffered a defeat from the men of Connaught, near Lough Ree. In 931, under Amlav, the Danes of Limerick ravaged Gal way, having defeated the Irish chiefs with

    8 limerick: under the danes.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

13. Diminutive castle at Lax Weir on the Shannon

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    A diminutive castle standing in the middle of the Lax Weir on the Shannon near Limerick was still in good repair at the time of writing, noted as a curiosity because of its unusually small size.

    Read the passage

    The spots memorable for the principal crossings of the Shannon by William and Ginkle are sufficiently marked by the island of Illainarone, and the "Chain Hock," near Kilquane churchyard, just above the millrace. On the opposite side a similar ledge of limestone is pointed out as having secured the southern end of the bridge of boats or pontoons. The diminutive castle in the middle of the Lax Weir is still in good repair and is quite a curiosity from its size. To conclude our survey of the old city, the lines of the great entrenched camp constructed by Ireton in 1650 are yet discernible at the north east end of the King's Island. By a strange revolution of fortune the great fort during the two subsequent sieges formed one of the strongest

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 49

14. Heavy guns from Waterford mounted on Ireton's fort

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

    During the siege of Limerick by William III, heavy guns arrived from Waterford and were mounted on Ireton's fort, a fortification named after the Cromwellian general Henry Ireton from the earlier siege of 1651.

    Read the passage

    walls, and a new Irish fort near the counterscarp commanded the trenches and put a stop to further progress for a time. Some heavy guns arrived the same day from Waterford and were mounted on Ireton's fort.

    On the night of the eighteenth an attempt was made to surprise the Irish fort before mentioned, but failed, owing to the gallantry of the few who held it. The repulse was followed by a sortie from the garrison. The night was dark and the besiegers, ignorant of the ground, were thrown into confusion and could not tell friend from foe. Two parties, one of English and the other of Danes, kept up a fire upon one another for two hours without discovering their mistake. In the end the garrison retired into the city, having caused considerable damage, whilst suffering scarcely any loss themselves.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 28

15. King Donald O'Brien grants Mungret lands to Bishop of Limerick

    Mungret · town · Limerick · 1194

    In 1194 King Donald O'Brien granted the lands of Mungret to the Bishop of Limerick, his successors, and the clergy of St. Mary's Cathedral, after which no further record of the Abbey is found.

    Read the passage

    The Monastery suffered very much both from the Danes and the Irish. According to the annals of the Pour Masters it was burned to the ground in 820, 834, and again in 840, by the Danes in their plundering excursions. The annals of Innisf alien record its destruction by Donald MacLaughlin and the men of Tyrconnell and Tyrone in 1088, and not long after it was plundered by Murtagh O'Brien in 1107. In 1194 King Donald O'Brien granted the lands of Mungret to the Bishop of Limerick, his successors, and the clergy of St. Mary's Cathedral, after which we meet with no further record of the Abbey.*

    * For fuller information as to Mungret the reader is referred to a paper by the Rev. Denis Murphy, S. J., which was read at a meeting of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Society held in Limerick, and which is published in the Journal of that Society for October, 1889. The paper contains all the information that can be brought together in connexion with this famous Abbey.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 64

16. Sir Peter Tait's army clothing establishment

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1870–1890

    Sir Peter Tait founded an extensive army clothing establishment in Limerick about twenty years before publication. Despite strange vicissitudes, it was in full operation and employed about one thousand hands.

    Read the passage

    The extensive army clothing establishment founded by Sir Peter Tait about twenty years ago has j)assed through strange vicissitudes. At the present time it is in full operation and gives employment to about one thousand hands.

    A new industry has lately been established by the Condensed Milk Company

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 57

17. William III's army encamps at Cahirconlish

    Caherconlish · town · Limerick · 1690

    The English troops advanced by way of Carrick-on-Suir and Golden Bridge, and on the seventh of August reached Cahirconlish. King William had about twenty thousand men and a field train of light artillery, with regular siege guns expected from Cashel.

    Read the passage

    The English troops were advancing by way of Carrick-on-Suir and Golden Bridge, and the seventh of August found them at Cahirconlish. King William had with him about twenty thousand men, and a field train of light artillery The regular siege guns, consisting of six twenty-four pounders and two eighteen pounders, were on their way from Cashel, and were daily expected in camp. William was under the impression that on his arrival the city would be delivered up to him. He knew that the French had ignominiously deserted their allies, and that many, including Tyrconnell, were in favour of a capitulation. On his part he was willing to grant easy terms,

    60 SIEGE BY WILLIAM III.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 21

18. William probes ford at Annabeg with dragoons

    Annabeg · street · Dublin · 1690

    After the day's cannonading, William sent a troop of dragoons to test the ford at Annabeg. They returned and reported that six regiments of foot, three of horse, and two of dragoons were strongly entrenched on the opposite bank of the river.

    Read the passage

    As soon as the heads of the English columns appeared on the crest of the hills at Singland, every hattery and fort on the long line of the fortifications opened a terrific fire, till the very earth trembled beneath the feet. The first to gain the heights were the Dutch Blue Guards, considered one of the finest regiments in Europe. They took possession of the elevation, and wheeling their field pieces into position, endeavoured to return the stern welcome they had received. The Danish contingent to the right mounted four guns on a fort their ancestors had occupied, if not erected, many centuries before. On both sides the cannonading was kept up till darkness and fatigue put an end to further hostilities. The English army had been in motion since five o'clock in the morning, and it was not till eight in the evening they were allowed to retire to their camp, which in the meantime had been pitched at Singland. William's activity that clay was unceasing. He shared the toils and dangers of his soldiery, nor did he retire to rest till he had sent a troop of dragoons to try the ford at Annabeg.

    66 SIEGE BY WILLIAM III.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 24

19. Rathurd tower on site of ancient Rath-arda-Suird

    Rathurd · townland · Limerick

    Half a mile from Donaghmore stands the small square tower of Rathurd, built on or near the site of the ancient fort of Rath-arda-Suird. According to the Four Masters, this rath was erected in the year of the world 3501 by Suird, an early Milesian invader.

    Read the passage

    Half a mile from Donaghmore is the small square tower of Rathurd, built on or near the site of the ancient fort of Rath-arda-Suird. This rath, according to the annals of the Four Masters, was erected in the year of the world 3501 by Suird, one of the early Milesian invaders.

    The old fortified residence known as Newcastle is said, with little probability, to have been occupied by King William

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 66

20. Cathedral tower injured in the sieges of 1690-91

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

    The upper portion of St. Mary's Cathedral tower, standing 120 feet high, is somewhat modern and replaced that which was injured during the sieges of 1690 and 1691. The fifteenth century saw important changes to the cathedral including the replacement of round arches with pointed ones and the addition of chapels.

    Read the passage

    The tower is one hundred and twenty feet high. The upper portion is somewhat modern and replaced that injured during the sieges of 1690 and 1691. The Cathedral contains many ancient monuments. The most interesting is the lid of King Donald's stone coffin, which lies on the floor of one of the chapels. Here also may be found the altar stone removed from the east end. A monument to Richard Bultingf ord and Geoffrey Galwey bears the date 1414. In the south wall of the chancel may be observed a black marble slab commemorating Bishop O'Dea, a munificent benefactor, who died in 1431. In the north transept are found two inscriptions, one in memory of John Efox, Dean, and Geoffrey Arthur, Treasurer of the Cathedral, who died in 1519. A huge memorial in the north wall of the chancel was erected in memory of Dono2;h O'Brien, Earl of Thomond and Lord President of Munster. Having been injured by the

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

21. English siege lines extend around Limerick

    Pennywell · street · Limerick · 1690

    While awaiting a second siege train, English forces constructed forts and trenches around Limerick. The lines extended from Pennywell in a horseshoe formation past the Waterworks and along the elevation now occupied by the Gaol and Roches-street, with the extreme left resting on the Shannon.

    Read the passage

    The loss of the siege guns delayed all offensive operations against the city for over a week. In the mean time the men were busily employed in constructing forts and excavating trenches. The English lines extended from Pennywell on the right, following the course of the heights in a horse shoe form, round by the back of the present Waterworks, and along the slight elevation now occupied by the Gaol and Iloches-street, the extreme left resting on the Shannon. Between this and the fortifications the sappers and miners were slowly working their way to the walls. By the seventeenth the trenches were occupied by seven regiments and the redoubt in front of the citadel fell into the hands of the English. The place was of no use, for it was commanded bv the

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 27

22. Escape of Sir William King from Limerick prison

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

    Sir William King, who had been previously Governor of Limerick and had been detained in prison, effected his escape on 18 August and arrived at the English camp.

    Read the passage

    On the eighteenth, Sir William King, who had been previously Governor of Limerick and had been detained in prison effected his escape and arrived at the English camp.

    The season was wet and delayed active operations for a short time, but the weather becoming more favourable it was considered advisable to advance. The squadron which lay in the Shannon was ordered to take a position nearer the city. Each regiment had already two thousand fascines provided beforehand. The army was directed to advance without beat of drum, so as not to attract particular attention. There was an advanced guard of nine hundred horse and dragoons, supported by a thousand foot and two hundred grenadiers. These marched in two divisions at the head of each wing, with four field pieces and twenty-five pioneers. Then came the main body of the horse, each soldier carrying his fascine before him on the saddle. Next appeared the solid

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 34

23. First railway connecting Limerick and Tipperary 1818

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1818–1851

    In 1818 the first line of railway was opened connecting Limerick with Tipperary, which was extended to Waterford in 1851. This provided an easy mode of access to Dublin and Cork.

    Read the passage

    proved means of locomotion rendered them no longer necessary. In 1818 the first line of railway was opened, connecting Limerick with Tipperary, which was extended to "Waterford in 1851. This provided an easy mode of access to Dublin and Cork. The line to Castle -Connell was opened in 1858, that to Foynes and Ennis in the subsequent year. The Cork Direct was opened in 18G2 and the Kathkeale and Newcastle in 18G5. The latter has been extended to Listowel, so that the journey to Tralee, which by the old coach route lasted 11^ hours can now be comfortably made in 3 \ hours.

    The splendid line of quays from the Wellesley Bridge, finished in 18-18, was supplemented in 1853 by the floating dock which encloses a water space of about eight acres, and is capable of accommodating eighty vessels. The electric light was added in 1880 and a public clock erected near the lock gates. Near the docks is the immense corn store belonging to Messrs. J. Bannatyne and Sons, which replaces one burned clown in 1878. This store has five lofts, each capable of hold-

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 55

24. Irish army departs Limerick for French service

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

    On 6 October 1691, some fourteen thousand Irish soldiers assembled on the Clare side of the Shannon. The majority volunteered for foreign service and were conveyed to France, forming the nucleus of the famous Irish Brigades.

    Read the passage

    On the morning of the sixth of October the Irish army, to the number of fourteen

    102 SIEGE BY GINKLE.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 41

25. Irish battery annoyed William's army at Park

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

    Near the site of the former Augustinian Canon Priory, an Irish battery was erected which annoyed William's army on their march through Park. This occurred during the Williamite siege period.

    Read the passage

    The first regular religious community established in Limerick was that of the Canons of St. Augustine. According to Ware the Priory was founded in 1227 by Simon Minor, a citizen of Limerick. This establishment was situated near Ball's Bridge, between it and the Mall, but not a trace of it now remains. The head of this house had the first vote in the election of the Mayor and occupied a seat in the Court next the Mayor. At the time of the suppression the property of the Convent was granted to Edmond Sexton, in the hands of whose descendants it has since remained. Near the site of this building it may be remembered an Irish battery was erected which annoyed William's army on their march through Park. The Hermits of St. Augustine possessed an establishment in Quay Lane, on the site of the old City Courthouse. Some traces

    110 OLD LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

26. Limerick City Militia stationed at Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1813–1814

    In May 1813 the Limerick City Regiment of Militia proceeded to Cork and remained there until the disembodiment of the Irish Militia following the peace of Fontainebleau and Napoleon's abdication.

    Read the passage

    In May, 1813, the regiment proceeded to Cork, and remained there till the disembodiment of the Irish Militia, consequent upon the peace of Fontainbleau and the abdication of Napoleon. The regiment marched to Limerick, and dispersed in July, 1814. A mutiny very nearly resulted in consequence of a penurious Government not allowing the men to take their great coats with them, the coats being required by the Government to clothe the ragged heroes coming home from the Peninsula.

    On 1 8th July, 1815, the regiment was again embodied. Only one major was, however, allowed on the permanent staff, and Major Tomkins was elected to serve. The head-quarters proceeded to Kinsale and Charlesfort in the months of August and September, and remained there until again disembodied on the 22nd March, 1816, in Limerick. The privates then numbered 493. On the decease of Lieutenant-Colonel Gough in 1837, the Hon. Charles Smyth Vereker succeeded him as Lieute-

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 81

27. Limerick County Hospital and Lunatic Asylum

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1811–1826

    The County Hospital in Limerick was opened in 1811. The nearby Lunatic Asylum was completed in 1826 at a cost of £30,000, featuring an octagonal centre with four diverging wings, and was regarded as one of the best-managed institutions of its kind in the empire.

    Read the passage

    entrance of the Gaol is a lofty iron palisading. On the opposite side of the road is the County Hospital, opened for the reception of patients in 1811. In the same neighbourhood is the Lunatic Asylum, which was completed in 1826 at a cost of £30,000. It is constructed of limestone, lined with brick. The centre is an octagon from which four wings diverge. Under the present Medical Superintendent (Dr. Courtenay), many important improvements have been effected, and the Limerick Lunatic Asylum is regarded as one of the best managed institutions of the kind in the empire.

    TV

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 52

28. Mary Street's vanished continental character

    Mary Street · street · Limerick

    Mary Street once resembled a fragment of an old continental city with its quaint curved gables, though that resemblance has now been almost obliterated. Modern brick houses stand on foundations of older structures whose materials were reused.

    Read the passage

    quaint curved gables turned towards the street, give certain portions of the English Town a peculiarly foreign look. Some few years ago Mary-street might almost he mistaken for a piece of some old continental city, hut the resemblance is now almost obliterated. The existing brick houses have been built upon the foundations of still older structures, whose materials have been liberally utilised by the modern builder. The fall of the more recent portions often brings to light and exposes to view some relics and traces of the earlier occupant of the site. Whittamore's castle, between Mary-street and the river, is a striking example of the old fortified residences, strongly built of cut limestone and apparently constructed so as to stand a siege. The wall towards the river is still standing almost entire and the doors and windows are in very good preservation. It is popularly called the castle of Limerick and also Sarsfield's castle, from a tradition that it was occupied by that distinguished general during the two last sieges. At the head of Creagh Lane the demolition of some houses has brought

    116 OLD LIMEllICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 46

29. Walker's distillery at Thomondgate

    Thomondgate · street · Limerick

    The many breweries and distilleries of Limerick from a century earlier were represented in the modern era by Mr. Walker's distillery at Thomondgate. It stood as the sole surviving distillery in the city.

    Read the passage

    The name of Limerick has also been associated with the well known tobacco called Limerick Twist. This favourite article with smokers has had also to strive against foreign competition, and it has done so successfully. It is still a leading manufacture and is maintaining its well earned prestige. A large number of tanneries formerly existed in the city, but onlv two, those of Messrs. E. O'Callaghan and Son, and Messrs. W. J. O'Donnell are still holding their ground. The many breweries and distilleries of a hundred years ago are now represented by Mr. Walker's distillery at Thomondgate.

    The extensive army clothing establishment founded by Sir Peter Tait about twenty years ago has j)assed through strange vicissitudes. At the present time it is in full operation and gives employment to about one thousand hands.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 57

30. Donaghmore church attributed to St. Patrick

    Donaghmore · parish · Limerick

    Donaghmore church, about a mile and a half from Limerick city, is one of the very first Christian churches erected in Ireland. Its name and tradition connect its foundation to St. Patrick's visit to Singland, possibly traced by the Saint himself.

    Read the passage

    More ancient even than the oldest buildings of Mungret, one of the very first Christian Churches ever erected in this country, is that of Donaghniore, which is situated within a few hundred yards of the Cork road, and about a mile and a half from the city. The edifice bears all the marks of a remote antiquity. The enclosed space is very small in extent and is simply rectangular. The door is in the west gable and as usual wider below than it is above, and the lintel is nearly seven feet long by three feet deep and two and a half thick. So far it very much resembles the Church at Mungret. Further evidence of its antiquity is however forthcoming and refers it back to times which witnessed the early dawn of Christianity, and connect it with the Apostle of Ireland. There are reasons for referring its foundation to the time of St. Patrick's visit to Singland, and perhaps the Saint's own hand traced its simple lines. "According to the Tripartite life, Jocelin Ussher, &c, all the Churches that bear the name of Domhnach, or in the anglicised form, Donagh, were originally founded by St. Patrick ; and they were so called because

    158 NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 65

31. Shanid Castle and the Desmond battle cry

    Shanid · electoral division · Limerick

    The ruins of the famous stronghold of Shanid are visible on the skyline from Carrigogunnell. The name of this castle supplied the battle cry of the Earls of Desmond.

    Read the passage

    St. John's Cathedral and the more bulky spire of the Eedemptorist Church. The rounded dome of Keeper Hill rises 2,300 feet above the plain, and continuing the line of the Slieve Phelim mountains the observer comes to the Galtee range, whose highest point is over 3,000 feet in height. Across the south of the panorama stretch the Ballyhoura mountains, whose eastern summit, Seefin, preserves the name of the celebrated hero, Finn, the son of Cumhal. Then the eye glances to the conical summit of Knockfierna and the view is bounded on the west by the range which extends from the borders of Cork to Knockpatrick, overlooking the Shannon. On the summit of a slight depression, clearly visible against the sky-line, may be remarked the low frowning mass which is all that remains of the famous stronghold of Shanid, whose name supplied the battle cry of the Desmonds. The course of the "winding Maigue" justifies the epithet applied to it. Lord Limerick's beautiful modern mansion is conspicuous on a hill to the west, whilst Elm Park, the seat of Lord Clarina, and Tervoe, that of Lord Emly, may both be observed in their well-wooded demesnes.

    180 NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 76

32. Construction of Athlunkard Bridge

    Athlunkard Bridge · bridge · Limerick · 1830–1884

    Athlunkard Bridge in Limerick was erected in 1830 at a cost of £7,000 to open communication with Clare and Galway. Tolls were required from all crossing it until they were abolished in 1884.

    Read the passage

    In addition to the ancient Ball's Bridge and Thomond Bridge, which had existed for centuries, it was felt that the outlets of the city required to be improved. Communication was opened up in 1824 between Park Bridge and the New Bridge by the construction of Athruiikard- street. At the same time, that portion known as St. Prancis's Abbey, which jireviously belonged to the county, was now attached to the city and placed under control of the magistrates. Communication with Clare and Galway was opened up by the erection of Athlunkard bridge, in 1830, at a cost of £7,000. Tolls were required from all crossing it till 1884, when they were abolished. Old Ball's Bridge was taken down and replaced by the present structure in the following year. The Wellesley Bridge Act was passed in 1823. The

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 52

33. Mungret Abbey founded by St. Nessan

    Mungret · town · Limerick · 551

    The Abbey of Mungret was founded in the sixth century by St. Nessan, whose death according to the Annals of the Four Masters took place in 551. The Psalter of Cashel, compiled in the ninth century from more ancient records, provides further information about the foundation.

    Read the passage

    The Abbey of Mungret was founded in the sixth century by St. Nessan, whose death, according to the annals of the Pour Masters, took place in 551. The Psalter of Cashel, which was compiled in the ninth century from more ancient records, states

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 63

34. Sir Hardress Waller made governor of Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

    After the fall of Limerick, Sir Hardress Waller was made governor of the city. The few detached garrisons still in Irish possession surrendered, amongst the last to capitulate being Colonel Grace, a descendant of Raymond le Gros.

    Read the passage

    the odious sentence was cancelled, and a second trial acquitted O'Neill. There is another and far more probable story, that Ireton received O'Neill with the respect due to his valour, and set a guard over him only in order to ensure his safety, that when he felt the hand of death upon him subsequently, he commended O'Neill to the attention of Ludlow, and even requested that he might be one of those selected to convey his body to England, and as a matter of fact was present at Ireton' s interment in Westminster Abbey. Sir Hardress Waller was made governor of Limerick, the few detached garrisons still in possession of the Irish surrendered, amongst the last to capitulate being Colonel Grace, a descendant of Raymond le Gros, whose name will occur again.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 19

35. St. Patrick blesses North Munster from Knockpatrick

    Knockpatrick · townland · Limerick · 440–460

    St. Patrick proceeded to Finnine, probably Knockpatrick, where he gave his blessing to the people of North Munster who had received him kindly, and foretold that Scattery Island would become a centre of holiness.

    Read the passage

    of Limerick.* It is quite certain that the Church of Donoughmore, about two miles south of the city, was founded by St. Patrick. At Singland his well and "bed" are pointed out to the present day. St. Patrick did not cross into Thomond at this time, but proceeded to Finnine, a place that has not been fully identified, but is probably Knockpatrick. Here he gave his blessing to the people of North Munster who had received him so kindlv, and foretold concerning s< the Green Island in the West" (Scattery Island,) near the mouth of the river, that "the lamp of the people of God should shine in it/' a prophecy fulfilled in the person of St. Senan.

    The authentic and continuous history of Limerick may be said to commence with the arrival of the Danes on our western shores. These hardy rovers from the shores of the Baltic and the German

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 3

36. Bannatyne corn store replaces building burned 1878

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1878

    Near the docks is the immense corn store belonging to Messrs. J. Bannatyne and Sons, which replaces one burned down in 1878. The store has five lofts, each capable of holding a ship's cargo, and is provided with several grain elevators.

    Read the passage

    The splendid line of quays from the Wellesley Bridge, finished in 18-18, was supplemented in 1853 by the floating dock which encloses a water space of about eight acres, and is capable of accommodating eighty vessels. The electric light was added in 1880 and a public clock erected near the lock gates. Near the docks is the immense corn store belonging to Messrs. J. Bannatyne and Sons, which replaces one burned clown in 1878. This store has five lofts, each capable of hold-

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 55

37. Henry Street Theatre established

    Henry Street · street · Limerick · 1841

    The old theatre in Cornwallis Street, Limerick, was replaced in 1841 by a new theatre in Henry Street, erected by Mr. Joseph Bogerty. It was considered probably the largest theatre in Ireland after the Dublin Royal was destroyed.

    Read the passage

    The old Theatre in Cornwallis- street was replaced in 1841 by the Theatre in Henry-street, which was erected by Mr. Joseph Eogerty, and now that the Dublin lloyal is destroyed, is probably the largest Theatre in Ireland. In the same year the Union Workhouse was opened for the reception of paupers, and the Jurisdiction of the Recorder was transferred to the Chairman of Quarter Sessions. The new

    132 MODERN LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 53

38. King's Island covered with Irish detachment tents

    King's Island · townland · Limerick · 1690

    The green sward of King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment during the siege of Limerick in 1690. King's Island formed part of the defensive panorama visible from the English positions at Singland.

    Read the passage

    and took shelter under the walls. The Ens:- lish followed closelv, and towards evening gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland. Before them lay the panorama of the city, at a distance of about five hundred yards, the intervening slopes covered with the retreating squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind this stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower, mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned Sharply towards Ball's Bridge, and in the centre was a sally-port. The Bridge was exposed to view, but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, and without the Avails, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances, one of the most important of the defences, and the green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 23

39. Limerick Corporation to present sword of honour to Colonel Vereker

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1798

    On 5 December 1798 the Corporation ordered purchase of a sword of honour for Colonel Vereker, presented by the Mayor, and entered his description of the Coloony battle on the minutes.

    Read the passage

    On the 5th of December following the Corporation also ordered the purchase of a sword of honour, to be presented to the colonel of the regiment by the Mayor, and caused his description of the battle to be inserted on the minutes.

    190 LIMERICK CITY MILITIA.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 80

40. Lost Knights Templar castle near Mungret

    Mungret · town · Limerick

    An old castle of the Knights Templars near Mungret existed in fair preservation until about thirty years before publication, but by 1890 not a fragment of it remained. Only the name of a nearby residence called Temple Mungret survived to suggest its former location.

    Read the passage

    N the neighbourhood of Limerick are still to be found some very interesting ruins which have escaped complete destruction. Many others have been swept away, and in some cases only two or three large stones are left by chance to mark the spot where some ancient Church or Castle stood. Near the railway bridge on the road to Castlepark there was formerly a Castle, which is marked on the ordnance maps, but it requires a close scrutiny now to detect any trace of its foundation. The old Castle of the Knights Templars, near Mungret, existed in fair preservation till about thirty years ago,

    152 NEIGHBOURHOOD OP LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 62

41. Market house built on old castle site in Irish Town

    Irishtown · townland · Limerick

    Among the few improvements carried out in Limerick before the major expansion was the building of a market house on the site of an old castle in the Irish Town section, along with the erection of some street lamps.

    Read the passage

    civic annals. During the seventy years before referred to no improvements had been carried out except the erection of some street lamps and the building of a market house on the site of an old castle in the Irish Town. But now a change takes place. George's Quay was constructed and lined with excellent houses. The tower and guardhouse on Old Thomond Bridge were demolished. The houses on one side of Ball's Bridge were thrown down. A new bridge on the site of the present Matliew Bridge was commenced, and Cornwallis-street the forerunner of the handsome thoroughfares of the present city was called into existence. This was the work of one single year.

    Then followed the erection of the Custom House, and in 1761 of the City Court House. Lock Quay was completed. Charlotte's Quay connected Ball's Bridge with the New Bridge and was speedily occupied with tall brick houses and ornamented shortly afterwards with the Assembly Booms. Sir Harry's Mall followed in 1767 and in 1769 the Bight Hon. E. S. Pery mapped out the streets and

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 50

42. Sir Harry's Mall and Pery's street plan 1767-1769

    Sir Harry's Mall · street · Limerick · 1767–1769

    Sir Harry's Mall was constructed in 1767, and in 1769 the Right Hon. E. S. Pery mapped out the streets and squares whose regularity became a striking feature of the modern portion of Limerick.

    Read the passage

    Then followed the erection of the Custom House, and in 1761 of the City Court House. Lock Quay was completed. Charlotte's Quay connected Ball's Bridge with the New Bridge and was speedily occupied with tall brick houses and ornamented shortly afterwards with the Assembly Booms. Sir Harry's Mall followed in 1767 and in 1769 the Bight Hon. E. S. Pery mapped out the streets and

    126 MODERN LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 50

43. Williamite command post established at Singland

    Singland · townland · Limerick · 1691

    Generals Mackay and Talmash were left in command at Singland while the main Williamite army prepared for a forceful assault on Limerick. A system of signals was established from this position.

    Read the passage

    Seeing that there was no hope of effecting a peaceable settlement and having received a large quantity of military stores, Ginkle resolved upon an attack in force. The pontoon, bridge was removed from Illainarone to Carrig-a-Clouragh, where the army crossed the year before. Mackay and Talmash were left in command at Singland, and a system of signals was

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 37

44. Church of Donoughmore founded by St. Patrick

    Donaghmore · townland · Cork · 440–460

    The Church of Donoughmore, situated about two miles south of Limerick city, was founded by St. Patrick during his fifth-century visit to the area.

    Read the passage

    of Limerick.* It is quite certain that the Church of Donoughmore, about two miles south of the city, was founded by St. Patrick. At Singland his well and "bed" are pointed out to the present day. St. Patrick did not cross into Thomond at this time, but proceeded to Finnine, a place that has not been fully identified, but is probably Knockpatrick. Here he gave his blessing to the people of North Munster who had received him so kindlv, and foretold concerning s< the Green Island in the West" (Scattery Island,) near the mouth of the river, that "the lamp of the people of God should shine in it/' a prophecy fulfilled in the person of St. Senan.

    The authentic and continuous history of Limerick may be said to commence with the arrival of the Danes on our western shores. These hardy rovers from the shores of the Baltic and the German

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 3

45. Castle Troy on the Shannon banks

    Castletroy · townland · Limerick

    Castle Troy, picturesquely situated by the Shannon and commanding a ford, is attributed in Lewis's Topographical Dictionary to Dermot O'Brien in the reign of Henry III. It was later granted to James, Duke of York, and was previously the property of Baron Bourke of Brittas.

    Read the passage

    A similar oblivion rests upon the name of the builder of Castle Troy, so picturesquely situated by the banks of the Shannon, and commanding what in dry seasons was a ford of that river. In Lewis's Topographical Dictionary its erection is attributed to Dermot O'Brien in the reign of Henry III., but no authority is given for the statement. In the reign of Charles II. Castle Troy was granted amongst other places to James, Duke of York. Before that time it was the property of Baron Bourke, of Brittas, and was rented to a Mackeogh, of Clonkeen.f

    * In the Down Survey it is called Lisleane and Ballyknock and was the property of Jordan Roche and Edward | Bourke Fitzgerald. In the reign of Charles II the lands were granted to the Duke of York, who, when he came to the throne, restored them to Dominick Koche, son of Jordan, who was created Viscount Oahiravallagh.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 66

46. Commercial Buildings erected in Rutland Street 1805

    Rutland Street · street · Limerick · 1805–1815

    In 1805 the merchants of Limerick erected the Commercial Buildings in Rutland Street as a place of meeting, later becoming the Town Hall. Ten years afterwards the merchants were incorporated by royal charter as the Chamber of Commerce.

    Read the passage

    In 1805 the merchants of Limerick erected the Commercial Buildings, now the Town Hall, in Rutland Street, as a place of meeting. Ten years afterwards they were incorporated by royal charter into the Chamber of Commerce of Lime-

    128 MODERN LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 51

47. Limerick City Militia regiment raised 1793

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1793

    The Limerick City Regiment of Militia was raised early in 1793 as an infantry regiment. John Prendergast Smyth, M.P. (afterwards Viscount Gort), commander of the 'Limerick Independents,' was appointed Colonel by the Lord Lieutenant.

    Read the passage

    The Limerick City Regiment of Militia was raised early in 1793 as an infantry regiment. John Prendergast Smyth, M.P., (afterwards Viscount Gort,) then commander of the "Limerick Independents," was appointed by the Lord Lieutenant, Colonel of the newly-raised body. In the month of May following the Field Officers were settled as follows : —

    Colonel— John Prendergast Smyth, M.P., First Viscount Gort.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 77

48. Papal Nuncio's departure from Kilkenny and Galway

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

    Failing to prevent a treaty between the supreme council and Ormond, the Papal Nuncio left Kilkenny and traveled to Galway. From Galway, he departed from the kingdom, his mission ending in failure.

    Read the passage

    Soon however the result of the mutual animosities became apparent. Ormond delivered up Dublin to the Parliament and left the kingdom. Jones was appointed governor, and marching out, defeated Preston and the Leinster army. Lord Inchiquin took Cashel by assault and put the inhabitants to the sword, and destroyed the Munster army under Taafe at Knockanos, near Kanturk. The Marquis of Ormond now returned to Ireland with power to treat with the supreme council. There were therefore two royalist leaders, Ormond and O'Neill, and these two hated one another more cordially than either hated the Puritans. Ormond' s overtures were accepted in spite of the bitter opposition of the Nuncio. The council and Inchiquin united their forces and marched to crush O'Neill. The Nuncio hurled the sentence of excommunication against the council and their forces, and laid an interdict on all places which should receive them. Seeing all his efforts in vain the Nuncio left Kilkenny, repaired to Galway, and departed from the kingdom, his mission having ended in failure. A peace was proclaimed between Ormond and the

    LIMEMCK 1641—1651. 37

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

49. Ruined stronghold between Friarstown and Fedamore

    Friarstown · townland · Limerick

    About a mile beyond Friarstown on the road to Fedamore, a few large stones held together by old mortar mark the site of a former stronghold. The building survived the storms of war only to fall to a more ruthless destroyer.

    Read the passage

    but not a fragment of it can be pointed out at the present time. Nothing remains even to suggest an inquiry but the name of a residence close by called Temple Mungret. About a mile beyond Friarstown, on the road to Fedamore, a few large stones still held together by the tenacious mortar of olden times, tell of another stronghold which escaped the storms of war only to fall into the hands of a more ruthless destroyer.

    Some few of these buildings were destroyed of set purpose, others have been allowed to crumble away, but more generally that decay has been accelerated by the owner or somebody else taking out the cut and squared lime stone for the purpose of utilising the material in the construction of a farm building or an outhouse. When this is done the rain and frost accomplish the rest.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 62

50. Tower and guardhouse demolished on Old Thomond Bridge

    Thomond Bridge · street · Limerick

    As part of Limerick's rapid civic improvements, the tower and guardhouse on Old Thomond Bridge were demolished, and houses on one side of Ball's Bridge were thrown down, all in a single year of transformation.

    Read the passage

    civic annals. During the seventy years before referred to no improvements had been carried out except the erection of some street lamps and the building of a market house on the site of an old castle in the Irish Town. But now a change takes place. George's Quay was constructed and lined with excellent houses. The tower and guardhouse on Old Thomond Bridge were demolished. The houses on one side of Ball's Bridge were thrown down. A new bridge on the site of the present Matliew Bridge was commenced, and Cornwallis-street the forerunner of the handsome thoroughfares of the present city was called into existence. This was the work of one single year.

    Then followed the erection of the Custom House, and in 1761 of the City Court House. Lock Quay was completed. Charlotte's Quay connected Ball's Bridge with the New Bridge and was speedily occupied with tall brick houses and ornamented shortly afterwards with the Assembly Booms. Sir Harry's Mall followed in 1767 and in 1769 the Bight Hon. E. S. Pery mapped out the streets and

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 50

51. St. Patrick ordains St. Nessan, founder of Mungret

    Mungret · town · Limerick · 440–460

    During his stay in the Limerick area, St. Patrick ordained St. Nessan, who became the founder of the church and monastery at Mungret.

    Read the passage

    In the middle of the fifth, century the neighbourhood was visited bv St. Patrick, who gained many converts to Christianity, amongst whom was Carthen, the Chief of a district adjacent to Killaloe, who was baptised^ with many of his followers at Saingeal, now Sin gland. St. Patrick remained some time in this part of the country, and ordained St. Nessan, founder of Mungret. He may have also consecrated St. Manchin; but there is not the slightest authority for calling him Bishop

    * Mr. James Frost informs me that until quite recently a large mound of stones existed upon the side of Glenagross mountain, and was called Leacht an High, the Tomb of the Kin sr.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 3

52. Charlotte's Quay and Assembly Rooms constructed

    Charlotte's Quay · street · Limerick

    Charlotte's Quay was built connecting Ball's Bridge with the New Bridge and was quickly occupied with tall brick houses, ornamented shortly afterwards with the Assembly Rooms.

    Read the passage

    Then followed the erection of the Custom House, and in 1761 of the City Court House. Lock Quay was completed. Charlotte's Quay connected Ball's Bridge with the New Bridge and was speedily occupied with tall brick houses and ornamented shortly afterwards with the Assembly Booms. Sir Harry's Mall followed in 1767 and in 1769 the Bight Hon. E. S. Pery mapped out the streets and

    126 MODERN LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 50

53. Limerick City Militia at Kinsale and Charlesfort

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1815–1816

    After re-embodiment on 18 July 1815, the Limerick City Militia headquarters proceeded to Kinsale and Charlesfort in August and September, remaining there until disembodied on 22 March 1816 in Limerick.

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    On 1 8th July, 1815, the regiment was again embodied. Only one major was, however, allowed on the permanent staff, and Major Tomkins was elected to serve. The head-quarters proceeded to Kinsale and Charlesfort in the months of August and September, and remained there until again disembodied on the 22nd March, 1816, in Limerick. The privates then numbered 493. On the decease of Lieutenant-Colonel Gough in 1837, the Hon. Charles Smyth Vereker succeeded him as Lieute-

    192 LIMERICK CITY MILITIA.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 81

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Kinsale, this was where the Limerick City Militia were stationed in 1815. The regiment was re-embodied on 18 July that year, with only one major allowed on the permanent staff, and Major Tomkins was elected to serve. The headquarters arrived here in August and September and stayed until they were disembodied on 22 March 1816, back in Limerick. At that point the privates numbered 493.

54. Railway lines to Castleconnell, Foynes and Ennis opened 1858-59

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1858–1865

    The railway line to Castleconnell was opened in 1858, and that to Foynes and Ennis in the subsequent year. The Cork Direct line opened in 1862 and the Rathkeale and Newcastle line in 1865, later extended to Listowel.

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    proved means of locomotion rendered them no longer necessary. In 1818 the first line of railway was opened, connecting Limerick with Tipperary, which was extended to "Waterford in 1851. This provided an easy mode of access to Dublin and Cork. The line to Castle -Connell was opened in 1858, that to Foynes and Ennis in the subsequent year. The Cork Direct was opened in 18G2 and the Kathkeale and Newcastle in 18G5. The latter has been extended to Listowel, so that the journey to Tralee, which by the old coach route lasted 11^ hours can now be comfortably made in 3 \ hours.

    The splendid line of quays from the Wellesley Bridge, finished in 18-18, was supplemented in 1853 by the floating dock which encloses a water space of about eight acres, and is capable of accommodating eighty vessels. The electric light was added in 1880 and a public clock erected near the lock gates. Near the docks is the immense corn store belonging to Messrs. J. Bannatyne and Sons, which replaces one burned clown in 1878. This store has five lofts, each capable of hold-

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 55

55. The Great Battery constructed near Park

    Park · townland · Limerick · 1691

    The Great Battery, a formidable military work, was placed on a low ridge towards Park, within three hundred yards of the English town and separated by the Abbey River.

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    The Great Battery, by far the most formidable military work erected in Ireland, was placed on the low ridge which runs towards Park. It was within three

    90 SIEGE BY GINKLE.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 35

56. Vanished castle near Castlepark

    Castlepark · street · Limerick

    A castle formerly stood near the railway bridge on the road to Castlepark and is marked on the ordnance maps. By 1890, however, it required close scrutiny to detect any trace of its foundation.

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    N the neighbourhood of Limerick are still to be found some very interesting ruins which have escaped complete destruction. Many others have been swept away, and in some cases only two or three large stones are left by chance to mark the spot where some ancient Church or Castle stood. Near the railway bridge on the road to Castlepark there was formerly a Castle, which is marked on the ordnance maps, but it requires a close scrutiny now to detect any trace of its foundation. The old Castle of the Knights Templars, near Mungret, existed in fair preservation till about thirty years ago,

    152 NEIGHBOURHOOD OP LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 62

57. Devil's Tower on Irish Town wall demolished

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Traces of masonry on the outer face of the eastern city wall indicate an external tower, probably the Devil's Tower, which has been completely demolished. The wall section is accessed via Father Quin's Lane.

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    Of the old Avails which surrounded the Irish Town the eastern portion still remains in very fair preservation. The height in some parts is fully forty feet or more. The wall proper is hacked hy a rampart of earth about twenty feet in thickness. Trees were planted, many of which remain, and Ferrar states that this was a very fashionable promenade of the citizens in the last centurv. A small swivel gun and some iron cannon were discovered in the earthen mound and have been planted on the battlements. In the centre of this part of the wall was a sally port, the entrance to which is at the end of Father Quin's lane. A short flight of stone steps give access to the battlements. On the outer face of the wall may be observed traces of masonry which shows that this portion was strengthened by an external tower, probably that known as the Devil's Tower, which has been completely demolished. The present St. John's Hospital, formerly the Fever Hospital, identifies and preserves some most interesting remains of the old fortifications. The western wing of the hospital was the ancient guardhouse

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 47

58. Ancient monuments in St. Mary's Cathedral

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1414–1519

    St. Mary's Cathedral contains many ancient monuments including the lid of King Donald's stone coffin, a monument to Richard Bultingford and Geoffrey Galwey dated 1414, a black marble slab commemorating Bishop O'Dea who died in 1431, and inscriptions for John Fox and Geoffrey Arthur who died in 1519.

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    The tower is one hundred and twenty feet high. The upper portion is somewhat modern and replaced that injured during the sieges of 1690 and 1691. The Cathedral contains many ancient monuments. The most interesting is the lid of King Donald's stone coffin, which lies on the floor of one of the chapels. Here also may be found the altar stone removed from the east end. A monument to Richard Bultingf ord and Geoffrey Galwey bears the date 1414. In the south wall of the chancel may be observed a black marble slab commemorating Bishop O'Dea, a munificent benefactor, who died in 1431. In the north transept are found two inscriptions, one in memory of John Efox, Dean, and Geoffrey Arthur, Treasurer of the Cathedral, who died in 1519. A huge memorial in the north wall of the chancel was erected in memory of Dono2;h O'Brien, Earl of Thomond and Lord President of Munster. Having been injured by the

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

59. Athlunkard Street castle remains in drinking fountain

    Athlunkard Street · street · Limerick

    Remains of a castle in Athlunkard Street survive in part, with one wall incorporated into a drinking fountain. The formation of the street led to the destruction of the rest of the castle.

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    to light a beautiful chimney piece still standing in a gable. In Athlunkard-street are the remains of a castle, one of the walls of which has been utilised in the erection of a drinking fountain. The formation of the street necessarily led to the destruction of the remainder of the castle. The most remarkable of the private residences which have lasted down to the present day is without doubt that at the corner of Nicholasstreet, near where the Exchange stood till quite recently. It is said to have been so far back as 1600 the residence of Sir Geoffrey Gal way, Mayor of Limerick in that year, and tradition points it out as the house in which Ireton died of the plague in 1651.* Subsequently it was known as the Gridiron Hotel, but is now let in tenements and rapidly falling into decay. The lower story is of high antiquity and the not improbable conjecture has been hazarded that here we have existing before us the remains of the old palace of the Kings of Limerick, which we know once stood on the spot.

    * Ltuibau'b UibLory of Limerick, pag-e 127.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 46

60. Augustinian Hermits establishment in Quay Lane

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    The Hermits of St. Augustine possessed an establishment in Quay Lane, on the site of the old City Courthouse in Limerick. Some traces of the building could be observed exactly opposite the principal entrance to the Cathedral grounds.

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    The first regular religious community established in Limerick was that of the Canons of St. Augustine. According to Ware the Priory was founded in 1227 by Simon Minor, a citizen of Limerick. This establishment was situated near Ball's Bridge, between it and the Mall, but not a trace of it now remains. The head of this house had the first vote in the election of the Mayor and occupied a seat in the Court next the Mayor. At the time of the suppression the property of the Convent was granted to Edmond Sexton, in the hands of whose descendants it has since remained. Near the site of this building it may be remembered an Irish battery was erected which annoyed William's army on their march through Park. The Hermits of St. Augustine possessed an establishment in Quay Lane, on the site of the old City Courthouse. Some traces

    110 OLD LIMERICK.

    Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44