Name: Limerick and its sieges
Author: James Dowd

Williamite battering train camps at Ballyneety castle

Ballyneety · townland · Limerick · 1690

The Williamite artillery train, within twelve miles of the English army, halted on a grassy plain near the foot of a conical hill beside the castle of Ballyneety. The convoy, anticipating no danger, left the cannon and waggons in march order with horses loosely tethered and few sentinels posted.

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The train upon which so much depended, and which was an object of anxiety to both commanders, halted in the calm summer's evening on a jrieasant grassy plain, near the foot of a conical hill and close beside the castle of Ballyneety. The convoy, being within twelve miles of the English army, anticipated no danger, and consequently omitted some of the usual precautions. The cannon and waggons were left in the order of march. The horses were allowed to graze about loosely tethered, and only a few sentinels were posted around the temporary halting place. By an odd coincidence the watchword for the night was " Sarsfield."

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 25

Donogh O'Brien meets Lord James Butler at Adare

Adare · townland · Limerick · 1509–1547

During the reign of Henry VIII, Donogh O'Brien, son of Conor O'Brien who held the Principality of Thomond, went to meet his brother-in-law Lord James Butler at Adare to push his own interests through his Ormond alliances. His remarkable speech to Butler is recorded in a letter to Thomas Cromwell.

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At this period Conor O'Brien held the Principality of Thomond. The next heir should have been his son, Donogli, who had allied himself by marriage with the house of Ormoncl, a family which warmly supported the English interest. Dissensions having arisen in the household of Conor O'Brien, the young prince endeavoured to push his own interests by means of the powerful nobles with whom he was allied. Donogli accordingly went to meet his brother-in-law, Lord James Butler, then at Adare, and made a remarkable speech which we find recorded in a letter from Lord James to Thomas Cromwell. The Irish prince is reported to have said — " I have married vour sister, and because I

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 69

Limerick Militia subdues great fire in Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork

While the Limerick Militia was stationed in Youghal during the month of May, a disastrous fire broke out on the main street and seriously threatened the entire town. The regiment's tremendous efforts arrested the fire's ravages, and the Youghal Town Council passed a vote of thanks noting the greater portion of the town would have been consumed without them.

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Youghal on the 6th of December following, furnishing a detachment to garrison Carlisle Fort, which commands the entrance to Cork harbour. Whilst stationed in Youghal during the month of May a disastrous fire broke out in the main street, and at one time seriously threatened the existence of the whole town. By the tremendous efforts of the Limerick Militia its ravages were arrested and the fire subdued. The Youghal Town Council passed a hearty vote of thanks to the regiment for their conduct on that occasion, mentioning that the greater portion of the town would have been consumed but for their exertions.
Again, whilst the regiment was assembled for training, in May, i860, a most extensive fire occurred at the business premises of J. & G. Boyd, William-street, and again the artillery coped successfully with its ravages. At a meeting of the Town Council on the 7th of May, Wm. Fitzgerald, Mayor, in the chair, the following resolution was proposed by T.C. Carte, and seconded unanimously

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 82

Danes establish colony at King's Island, Limerick

King's Island · townland · Limerick · 831

In 831 Danish warships entered the Luimneach and anchored at the extremity of King's Island, from which they plundered the adjacent countryside. Limerick came into existence as a Danish colony and a base for incessant raids into the interior.

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Ocean appeared first in Ireland in the year 795. They paid only flying visits for the purpose of plunder, and it was not till 831 that their war ships appeared in the Luimneach, as it was then called, and advancing as far as they could inland, anchored at length at the extremity of what is now known as the King's Island, and set about plundering the adjacent country. The advantages of the site — the wealth and fertility of the neighbouring country — the facility of access in their light sailing galleys — and the ready means of penetrating into the interior of the Island — all these were attractions which were not overlooked. They returned shortly afterwards in large numbers. The intruders fortified themselves in their new acquisition. Limerick came into existence as a Danish colony, and the centre from which radiated their incessant expeditions.
The ravages of these ruthless invaders extended in all directions — for the whole country lay at their mercy. They spared neither age nor sex, and their track was marked with desolation. The condition of the people was truly pitiable, for to the

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

As the companion tells it

Close to King's Island, raiders first reached Ireland in 795, but those were only flying visits for plunder. It was not until 831 that their warships entered the Luimneach, as it was then called, and advanced as far inland as they could go, anchoring at the extremity of this place. From there they set about plundering the adjacent country. The neighbouring land was rich and fertile, the approach was easy for their light sailing galleys, and the interior lay open to them. They returned shortly afterwards in large numbers and fortified themselves in their new acquisition. Limerick came into existence as a Danish colony, the centre from which radiated their incessant expeditions. The ravages of these invaders extended in all directions, for the whole country lay at their mercy. They spared neither age nor sex, and their track was marked with desolation. The condition of the people was truly pitiable.

Danes plunder Clonmacnoise and Holy Island

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 920

In 920 a Danish expedition from Limerick sailed up the Shannon and plundered Clonmacnoise and Inis-Cealtra (Holy Island) in Lough Derg, ravaging the neighbourhood before returning laden with spoils.

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Cormac and most of his chiefs fell in battle, with Flann, head of the Southern Hy Nials, in the year 903, and the incursions of the Danes, now reinforced by many of their countrymen, became more fierce than ever, In 920 an expedition from Limerick sailed up the Shannon, laid waste and plundered Clonmacnois and Inis-Cealtra, or Holv Island, in Lough Derg, ravaged the neighbourhood, and returned laden with great spoils. Contentions arose between the Danes of Dublin and Limerick, in which the latter were victorious. In 927 they took possession of Lough Corrib, whose shores they wasted ; but shortly afterwards they suffered a defeat from the men of Connaught, near Lough Ree. In 931, under Amlav, the Danes of Limerick ravaged Gal way, having defeated the Irish chiefs with
8 limerick: under the danes.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

Ginkle builds a battery at Corbally

Corbally · townland · Limerick · 1691

Ginkle constructed a battery at the northern part of Corbally to command the Parteen road as part of a new strategy on the Clare side.

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The prolonged resistance of the garrison— the strength of the fortifications — the unceasing vigilance of Sarsfielcl and the near approach of winter, now compelled the English generals to consider their position very carefully, for up to the present they had accomplished absolutely nothing. There were only two courses open to them, either to abandon the siege altogether or turn the siege into a winter blockade in the hope of reducing the city by famine. The first would be a confession of failure and defeat, and the second was very unpopular with the entire army who preferred anything rather than a winter in the trenches. As a last resource Ginkle determined to try what fortune might have in store for him on the Clare side. He constructed a battery at the most northern part of Corbally, to command the Parteen road. On the fifteenth of September he pretended to raise the siege and drew off some of his guns from the batteries, on

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 36

Ireton's entrenched camp lines on King's Island

King's Island · townland · Limerick · 1650–1691

The lines of the great entrenched camp constructed by Ireton in 1650 were still discernible at the north-east end of King's Island. By a strange reversal of fortune, the fort became one of the strongest positions during the two subsequent sieges.

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The spots memorable for the principal crossings of the Shannon by William and Ginkle are sufficiently marked by the island of Illainarone, and the "Chain Hock," near Kilquane churchyard, just above the millrace. On the opposite side a similar ledge of limestone is pointed out as having secured the southern end of the bridge of boats or pontoons. The diminutive castle in the middle of the Lax Weir is still in good repair and is quite a curiosity from its size. To conclude our survey of the old city, the lines of the great entrenched camp constructed by Ireton in 1650 are yet discernible at the north east end of the King's Island. By a strange revolution of fortune the great fort during the two subsequent sieges formed one of the strongest

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 49

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to King's Island, the lines of a great entrenched camp built by Ireton in 1650 were still discernible at the north-east end. By a strange revolution of fortune, the great fort went on to form one of the strongest positions during the two subsequent sieges. The river crossings around here were memorable too. William and Ginkle made their principal crossings of the Shannon near the island of Illainarone and the Chain Hock, close to Kilquane churchyard, just above the millrace. On the opposite bank, a limestone ledge secured the southern end of the bridge of boats. A diminutive castle stands in the middle of the Lax Weir, still in good repair, a curiosity for its small size.

Limerick Lace manufacture introduced 1829

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1829–1890

Mr. Walker introduced the Limerick Lace manufacture in 1829, which grew so successfully that 1,700 persons were employed by 1841. The lace received royal approbation and was famed worldwide as a beautiful article of female adornment.

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Several industries have however totally disappeared of recent years. The celebrated fishing hooks are no more to be met with, an inferior but cheaper article taking their place. Paper making has departed to other centres. Wool combing has followed its example. Limerick Gloves which were formerly sold enclosed in walnut shells are hardly even remembered. The Limerick Lace manufacture introduced bv Mr. Walker in 1829 had succeeded so wonderfully that no less than 1,700 persons were employed in 1841. Limerick Lace was

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 57

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, the city once held trades that have since vanished. Fishing hooks, paper making, wool combing, and Limerick Gloves once sold in walnut shells are all gone or barely remembered. But Limerick Lace lasted longer. Mr. Walker introduced its manufacture here in 1829, and it grew so well that 1,700 people were employed by 1841. The lace won royal approval and was known across the world.

Limerick Militia at Carrick-on-Shannon during Castlebar defeat

Carrick-on-Shannon · town · Leitrim · 1798

The Limerick City Militia had reached Carrick-on-Shannon when the disastrous defeat at Castlebar on 27 August 1798 occurred. The author speculates that had the Limerick men been present, the outcome might have differed.

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command of Colonel Vereker, was ordered to Sligo. They had reached Carrick-on-Shannon when the disastrous defeat at Castlebar on the 27th of August occurred. Had the Limerick men been there the " Castlebar Races " might have been run on a different course and by other riders. They marched on to Sligo, a large and important town, and reached it just in time. The French, elated by their victory, turned northwards from Castlebar with the intention of taking Sligo, passing into Ulster, there to join a new force of invaders whose landing in some of the innumerable inlets of the county Donegal was daily expected. Humbert reached Coloony, a village seven English miles from Sligo, and Vereker and his men were ordered to evacuate the town and leave the inhabitants to the tender mercies of the French and the rebels.
Two rivers — the Owen More and Owen Beg — join their streams a little distance from Coloony and at the village itself flow into the Arrow coming from the lake of the same name. These united rivers, over a rocky bed, plunge headlong over ledges and form numerous rapids. Its course northward is swift and short till at Ballisodare, after leaping the picturesque falls of that name, it empties itself into the deep inlet of Ballisodare Bay. A long range of hills extends from Lough Gill westward, almost at right angles to the course of the river, and reach to within a short distance of the river. These hills were well wooded then, as they are still, and in one spot reach an elevation of over 900ft. The road from Coloony to Sligo passes by the side of the river for about a mile and

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 78

Mungret Abbey burned by Danes and Irish raiders

Mungret · town · Limerick · 820–1107

Mungret Abbey was burned to the ground by Danes in 820, 834, and 840. It was destroyed by Donald MacLaughlin and the men of Tyrconnell and Tyrone in 1088, and plundered by Murtagh O'Brien in 1107.

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The Monastery suffered very much both from the Danes and the Irish. According to the annals of the Pour Masters it was burned to the ground in 820, 834, and again in 840, by the Danes in their plundering excursions. The annals of Innisf alien record its destruction by Donald MacLaughlin and the men of Tyrconnell and Tyrone in 1088, and not long after it was plundered by Murtagh O'Brien in 1107. In 1194 King Donald O'Brien granted the lands of Mungret to the Bishop of Limerick, his successors, and the clergy of St. Mary's Cathedral, after which we meet with no further record of the Abbey.*
* For fuller information as to Mungret the reader is referred to a paper by the Rev. Denis Murphy, S. J., which was read at a meeting of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Society held in Limerick, and which is published in the Journal of that Society for October, 1889. The paper contains all the information that can be brought together in connexion with this famous Abbey.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 64

Bianconi coach line between Clonmel and Limerick 1815

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1815

In 1815 Mr. Bianconi established a line of communication between Clonmel and Limerick, one of the very first with which his name is connected. From that time onward a network of coach routes connected all the important towns of Ireland.

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A little more than a hundred years ago there was no public mode of conveyance between Limerick and any other city in Ireland. Travellers generally proceeded in small companies and on horseback, but very few went any distance from home except in case of necessity. The first attempt to open up a regular means of communication with the capital was made in 1760 — that year of wonderful progress. A weekly coach was established, which accomplished the journey to Dublin in four days. The same distance can now be done in less than that number of hours. The old route was from St. John's Square over Ball's Bridge, Thomond Bridge, and thence by Killaloe. After an experience of twenty years the coach was improved and the route changed to Clare-street, and thence on to Nenagh, by which the time was reduced to two days. In 1815 Mr. Bianconi established a line of communication between Clonmel and Limerick, one of the very first Avith which his name is connected, and from that time onward a network of coach routes connected all the important towns of Ireland till an im-
136 MODERN LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 55

As the companion tells it

As you come through Limerick, you are on a road that once had no public conveyance at all. A little more than a hundred years ago, there was no public mode of travel between this city and any other in Ireland. Travellers went in small companies, on horseback, and very few went any distance from home except out of necessity. The first attempt to open regular communication with Dublin came in 1760, a year described as one of wonderful progress. A weekly coach was established, and it did the journey to Dublin in four days. The old route went from St. John's Square over Ball's Bridge and Thomond Bridge, and thence by Killaloe. After twenty years the coach was improved and the route changed to Clare Street, and thence on to Nenagh, which brought the time down to two days. Then in 1815, Mr. Bianconi established a line of communication between Clonmel and Limerick, one of the very first with which his name is connected. From that time onward, a network of coach routes connected all the important towns of Ireland.

Breach made in walls near St. John's Gate

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

By the twenty-fifth, all English works were finished and an incessant cannonade was directed at the fortifications near St. John's Gate. A breach twelve yards wide was made in the walls, and the engineers assured the King it was practicable but could not be further enlarged for want of cannon balls.

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By the evening of the twenty-first a new battery was completed almost under the walls and immediately opened fire so as to effect a breach. On the twenty-fifth all the English works were finished and an incessant cannonade was kept np on the part of the fortifications near St. John's Gate. Next clay the trenches were advanced to within twenty paces of the ditch. A breach, twelve yards wide, was made in the walls and the pallisades in the counterscarp were beaten down. The engineers assured the King that the breach was practicable and could not be further enlarged for want of cannon balls. It was resolved to take the city by mines, and orders were given to attack the covered way and the towers on each side of the breach as soon as possible.
Within the city every precaution was made for a conflict which it was well known must decide the fate of the campaign. The breach could not be repaired in time, but the space inside being clear of houses, an entrenchment was thrown up, and some light guns mounted whose fire swept the area and commanded the

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, you are passing the ground of the 1690 siege. By the evening of the 21st, a new battery was finished almost under the walls and opened fire at once to effect a breach. On the 25th all the English works were complete, and an incessant cannonade was directed at the fortifications near St. John's Gate. The next day the trenches were advanced to within twenty paces of the ditch. A breach twelve yards wide was made in the walls, and the palisades in the counterscarp were beaten down. The engineers assured the King that the breach was practicable, but could not be further enlarged for want of cannon balls. It was resolved to take the city by mines, and orders were given to attack the covered way and the towers on each side of the breach as soon as possible. Inside the city every precaution was made for a conflict that was well known must decide the fate of the campaign. The breach could not be repaired in time, but the space inside being clear of houses, an entrenchment was thrown up and some light guns mounted whose fire swept the area.

Dutch Blue Guards and Danish contingent open cannonade at Singland

Singland · townland · Limerick · 1690

When English columns appeared on the Singland heights, every battery and fort on the Limerick fortifications opened a terrific fire. The Dutch Blue Guards took possession of the elevation and returned fire with field pieces, while the Danish contingent mounted four guns on a fort their ancestors had occupied centuries before.

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As soon as the heads of the English columns appeared on the crest of the hills at Singland, every hattery and fort on the long line of the fortifications opened a terrific fire, till the very earth trembled beneath the feet. The first to gain the heights were the Dutch Blue Guards, considered one of the finest regiments in Europe. They took possession of the elevation, and wheeling their field pieces into position, endeavoured to return the stern welcome they had received. The Danish contingent to the right mounted four guns on a fort their ancestors had occupied, if not erected, many centuries before. On both sides the cannonading was kept up till darkness and fatigue put an end to further hostilities. The English army had been in motion since five o'clock in the morning, and it was not till eight in the evening they were allowed to retire to their camp, which in the meantime had been pitched at Singland. William's activity that clay was unceasing. He shared the toils and dangers of his soldiery, nor did he retire to rest till he had sent a troop of dragoons to try the ford at Annabeg.
66 SIEGE BY WILLIAM III.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Singland, in 1690, the heads of the English columns appeared on the crest of the hills here, and every battery and fort along the long line of the Limerick fortifications opened a terrific fire, till the very earth trembled beneath the feet. The first to gain the heights were the Dutch Blue Guards, considered one of the finest regiments in Europe. They took possession of the elevation, and wheeling their field pieces into position, endeavoured to return the stern welcome they had received. The Danish contingent to the right mounted four guns on a fort their ancestors had occupied, if not erected, many centuries before. On both sides the cannonading was kept up till darkness and fatigue put an end to further hostilities. The English army had been in motion since five o'clock in the morning, and it was not till eight in the evening they were allowed to retire to their camp, which in the meantime had been pitched at Singland. William's activity that day was unceasing. He shared the toils and dangers of his soldiery, nor did he retire to rest till he had sent a troop of dragoons to try the ford at Annabeg.

Irish royalists factional disputes at Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1650–1651

Despite holding Connaught and the seaports of Limerick and Galway, Irish royalists were divided and powerless. Limerick refused a garrison offered by Ormond, and Father Wolfe seized colours to halt a secret expedition against the Parliamentarians.

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In spite of all their reverses, the Irish royalists would still have heen able to hold their own against any force that could be brought against them, if they would only agree to act in concert. The whole province of Connaught was theirs. The seaports of Limerick and Gal way were in their hands. But they were divided, and therefore powerless. Even the dread presence of Cromwell could not fuse the heterogeneous elements into one compact whole. Limerick refused to accept a garrison for its defence offered by Ormond. To such an extent did the spirit of faction prevail, that a secret expedition against the Parliamentarians was stopped on its march by 1'ather Wolfe, who seized the colours, and denounced perdition against any one that should proceed further.
At last an open breach took place. The Bishops drew up a declaration against Ormond's continuance in the Government, threatening to accuse him to the King.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

As the companion tells it

You are passing through Limerick, the city that became a stage for Irish royalist divisions in 1650 and 1651. The royalists still held the whole province of Connaught, and the seaports of Limerick and Galway were in their hands. If they had acted together, they could have held their own against any force brought against them. But they were divided, and therefore powerless. Even the dread presence of Cromwell could not fuse them into one compact whole. Limerick refused to accept a garrison for its defence offered by Ormond. The spirit of faction ran so deep that a secret expedition against the Parliamentarians was stopped on its march by Father Wolfe, who seized the colours and denounced perdition against anyone who should proceed further. At last an open breach took place. The Bishops drew up a declaration against Ormond's continuance in the Government, threatening to accuse him to the King.

King John's Castle as military shelter

near King John's Castle · castle · Louth · 1691

During the battle at Thomond Bridge, Irish forces overwhelmed by superior English numbers retreated in good order under the shelter of King John's Castle. The castle served as a defensive landmark for the withdrawing garrison as the outworks gradually fell to the English.

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and deadly fire, rushed onward with their accustomed dash, and such was the impetuosity of the attack that the Irish gave way, though disputing every inch of the ground. A reinforcement under the command of Lacy arrived from the garrison to support them, and the conflict was renewed with great fury. The Irish charged their opponents again and again hut were ahle to make no impression on the masses of the English and were compelled to fall hack, home down hy the mere force of numhers, hut retreating in good order under the shelter of King John's Castle. The outworks were gradually evacuated and fell into the hands of the English. Thomond hriclge hecame filled with the remains of the gallant hand who for hours had checked the advance of an entire army. It was towards nightfall. So close and desperate had heen the conflict that even in retreat and upon Thomond h ridge the fighting was still maintained hand to hand and English and Irish were mingled in confusion. A Erench officer commanded at the castle end of the hridge, and fearing lest the grenadiers might enter the city in the confusion, ordered the draw-

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 38

Lanier attempts to intercept Sarsfield at Killaloe

near Killaloe · townland · Clare · 1690

After Sarsfield's destruction of the siege train, General Lanier arrived too late and wheeled left hoping to cut off the Irish retreat at Killaloe, but Sarsfield did not go by way of Killaloe.

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As soon as it was seen that the expedition had succeeded beyond his wildest expectations, Sarsfield gathered his men around him and departed as rapidly as he came. Just then Lanier came up in time to see the last of the Irish disappearing in the sdoom. Pursuit would be in vain but hoping to intercept the party yet, he wheeled to the left in order to cut off Sarsfield's retreat at Killaloe. But Sarsfield did not go by way of Killaloe. He rode northward to Banagher, and there crossed the Shannon, breaking down the bridge to prevent pursuit. He got back to Limerick without encountering any danger, and he and his gallant troops were received with the loudest acclamation by the citizens and their comrades in arms. The utmost joy pervaded the city, and the entire army did honour to the skill, secrecy, and daring with which the enterprise had

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 26

Limerick Militia reaches Sligo ahead of French advance

Sligo · town · Sligo · 1798

The Limerick City Militia marched on to Sligo and reached it just in time, as the French forces, elated by their victory at Castlebar, turned northwards intending to take Sligo and pass into Ulster to join expected new invading forces in Donegal.

Read the passage

command of Colonel Vereker, was ordered to Sligo. They had reached Carrick-on-Shannon when the disastrous defeat at Castlebar on the 27th of August occurred. Had the Limerick men been there the " Castlebar Races " might have been run on a different course and by other riders. They marched on to Sligo, a large and important town, and reached it just in time. The French, elated by their victory, turned northwards from Castlebar with the intention of taking Sligo, passing into Ulster, there to join a new force of invaders whose landing in some of the innumerable inlets of the county Donegal was daily expected. Humbert reached Coloony, a village seven English miles from Sligo, and Vereker and his men were ordered to evacuate the town and leave the inhabitants to the tender mercies of the French and the rebels.
Two rivers — the Owen More and Owen Beg — join their streams a little distance from Coloony and at the village itself flow into the Arrow coming from the lake of the same name. These united rivers, over a rocky bed, plunge headlong over ledges and form numerous rapids. Its course northward is swift and short till at Ballisodare, after leaping the picturesque falls of that name, it empties itself into the deep inlet of Ballisodare Bay. A long range of hills extends from Lough Gill westward, almost at right angles to the course of the river, and reach to within a short distance of the river. These hills were well wooded then, as they are still, and in one spot reach an elevation of over 900ft. The road from Coloony to Sligo passes by the side of the river for about a mile and

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 78

As the companion tells it

Coming up now is Sligo, the town you are passing through. In 1798, Colonel Vereker's Limerick City Militia was ordered to Sligo. They had reached Carrick-on-Shannon when the disastrous defeat at Castlebar occurred on the 27th of August. Had the Limerick men been there, the "Castlebar Races" might have been run on a different course and by other riders. They marched on to Sligo, a large and important town, and reached it just in time. The French, elated by their victory, turned northwards from Castlebar with the intention of taking Sligo, passing into Ulster, there to join a new force of invaders whose landing in some of the innumerable inlets of county Donegal was daily expected. Humbert reached Coloony, a village seven miles from Sligo, and Vereker and his men were ordered to evacuate the town and leave the inhabitants to the tender mercies of the French and the rebels. Two rivers, the Owen More and the Owen Beg, join their streams a little distance from Coloony and at the village itself flow into the Arrow coming from the lake of the same name. These united rivers, over a rocky bed, plunge headlong over ledges and form numerous rapids. Their course northward is swift and short till at Ballisodare, after leaping the picturesque falls of that name, the river empties itself into the deep inlet of Ballisodare Bay. A long range of hills extends from Lough Gill westward, almost at right angles to the course of the river, reaching to within a short distance of the river. These hills were well wooded then, as they are still, and in one spot reach an elevation of over 900 feet. The road from Coloony to Sligo passes by the side of the river for about a mile.

Mungret Abbey's six churches and fifteen hundred religious

Mungret · town · Limerick

Mungret Abbey was a major monastic settlement with six churches and fifteen hundred religious, including five hundred learned preachers, five hundred psalmists, and five hundred engaged in constant religious exercises.

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that it had within its walls six Churches, and contained exclusive of scholars, fifteen hundred religious, of whom five hundred were learned preachers, five hundred psalmists, and five hundred employed in constant religious exercises. The story of the ' ' wise women of Munsret " cannot be omitted. The monks of Mun^ret were famed far and wide for their learning, so much so as to excite the curiosity of the professors of Lismore, or as others say, Cashel, who formed the design of coining and seeing for themselves if the reputation was well founded. The scholars of Mungret did not desire to risk their fame in a disputation which was not of their seeking but which they could not decline. They contrived a plan by which they escaped the inquisitive strangers and even still farther enhanced their reputation. Some of the younger monks dressed themselves as washerwomen, and as the visitors approached, appeared vigorously washing clothes by the roadside. The Doctors inquired from them the way to the Abbey of Mungret, and to their astonishment were answered in various learned languages, spoken with perfect accuracy and precision. The strangers hesitated, and
156 NEIGHBOURHOOD OP LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 64

Russell flour mills at Newtown Pery and multiple sites 1827

Newtown Pery · population centre · Limerick · 1827–1837

In 1827 the Russells introduced the use of steam into their mills at Newtown Pery, and ten years later stores in Henry-street were erected. The same firm established mills at Lock, Corbally, Plassy, Garryowen and Askeaton, many of which are now idle, and the great flax spinning factory at Lansdowne.

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The well known firm of Messrs. J. N. llnssell and Sons have long been identified with the establishment and extension of the corn and flour trade. The name is not of recent introduction for we find a J. llussell filling the office of Mayor so far back as 12 10, and it occasionally reappears at intervals ever since. The flour mills of the Messrs. llussell were amongst the largest and most extensive in Ireland, and their coasting vessels were known in every port and harbour in the Kingdom. In 1827 they introduced the use of steam into their mills at Newtown Perv, and ten years later the stores in Henry-street were erected owing to the large increase of business consequent on the change. The same firm established mills at Lock, Corbally, Plassy, Garryowen and Askeaton, many of which unfortunately are now idle. They also erected the great factory at Lansdowne for flax spinning and weaving, the success of which did not justify the immense sum expended upon its construction. Messrs. James Bannatyne & Sons at present occupy the foremost position in this branch of commercial development.
140 MODERN LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 56

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Newtown Pery, you are in the district where the firm of J. N. Russell and Sons built some of the largest and most extensive flour mills in Ireland. The Russell name is old in Limerick. A J. Russell held the office of Mayor far back, and the name reappears at intervals ever since. Their coasting vessels were known in every port and harbour in the Kingdom. In 1827 they introduced the use of steam into their mills here at Newtown Pery. Ten years later the stores in Henry-street were erected, owing to the large increase of business that followed the change. The same firm established mills at Lock, Corbally, Plassy, Garryowen and Askeaton, many of which are now idle. They also erected the great factory at Lansdowne for flax spinning and weaving. The success of that venture did not justify the immense sum expended on its construction.

Siege guns bombard the Irish town of Limerick

King's Island · townland · Limerick · 1691

The siege guns opened fire on the Irish town, setting it in flames and forcing the inhabitants to seek refuge in the English town or King's Island.

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In the mean time the trenches were opened and other preliminary operations pushed on with vigour. Guns were mounted on their old positions and fortifications erected on the line of hills. On the thirteenth the siege guns opened a brisk fire on the Irish town the houses of which were speedily in flames and the inhabitants compelled to seek refuge in the English town or on the King's Island where a hasty camp was formed. That night the garrison made a sally to destroy the works then being constructed between Cromwell Port and the Great Battery, but without success.
The Great Battery, by far the most formidable military work erected in Ireland, was placed on the low ridge which runs towards Park. It was within three

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to King's Island, in 1691, the siege guns opened fire on the Irish town. The trenches had been opened and the guns mounted on their old positions, fortifications erected on the line of hills. On the thirteenth, the siege guns opened a brisk fire on the Irish town. The houses were speedily in flames, and the inhabitants were compelled to seek refuge in the English town or on King's Island, where a hasty camp was formed. That night the garrison made a sally to destroy the works then being constructed between Cromwell Port and the Great Battery, but without success. The Great Battery, by far the most formidable military work erected in Ireland, was placed on the low ridge which runs towards Park.

St. Peter's Cell nunnery founded by Donald O'Brien

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1171

Nuns of the Augustinian order had a religious house founded by King Donald O'Brien in 1171, dedicated to St. Peter, near the town wall at the lower end of Pump Lane. At the suppression it was granted to Lord Milton, and the chapel was used by Presbyterians as a place of worship up to 1776.

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of the building may be observed exactly opposite the principal entrance to the Cathedral grounds. The nuns of the same order had a religious house founded by King Donald O'Brien in 1171 and dedicated to St. Peter. The place is still called St. Peter's Cell. It was situated near the town wall at the lower end of Pump Lane. At the suppression it was granted to Lord Milton and in the last century the Chapel was used by the Presbyterians as a place of worship up to the year 1776. A dwelling house was afterwards built on the site.
There was yet another famous abbey, the Franciscan, founded in the thirteenth century by William de Burgho, son-in-law of Donald O'Brien. It stood just without the city walls, and occupied the greater part of the space between Sir Harry's Mall and Athlunkard Street, which part is still called St. Francis's Abbey. Traces of the buildings connected with this great abbey may still be detected in the neighbourhood, but they are becoming fewer and fewer every day. Moroney,' who visited Limerick in 1615, describes the buildings as still standing but likely to fall.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

Coming through Limerick, you pass near a place still called St. Peter's Cell. The nuns of the Augustinian order had a religious house here, founded by King Donald O'Brien in 1171 and dedicated to St. Peter. It was situated near the town wall at the lower end of Pump Lane. The building could be observed opposite the principal entrance to the Cathedral grounds. At the suppression it was granted to Lord Milton. In the last century the chapel was used by the Presbyterians as a place of worship up to the year 1776. A dwelling house was built on the site. There was another famous abbey in Limerick, the Franciscan, founded in the thirteenth century by William de Burgho, son-in-law of Donald O'Brien. It stood just without the city walls and occupied the greater part of the space between Sir Harry's Mall and Athlunkard Street, a part still called St. Francis's Abbey. Traces of the buildings may still be detected in the neighbourhood, but they are becoming fewer every day. Moroney, who visited Limerick in 1615, describes the buildings as still standing but likely to fall.

Battle of Knocknanus near Kanturk

Kanturk · town · Cork

Lord Inchiquin destroyed the Munster army under Taafe at Knocknanus, near Kanturk. This defeat was part of a series of losses that weakened the Confederate forces in Munster.

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Soon however the result of the mutual animosities became apparent. Ormond delivered up Dublin to the Parliament and left the kingdom. Jones was appointed governor, and marching out, defeated Preston and the Leinster army. Lord Inchiquin took Cashel by assault and put the inhabitants to the sword, and destroyed the Munster army under Taafe at Knockanos, near Kanturk. The Marquis of Ormond now returned to Ireland with power to treat with the supreme council. There were therefore two royalist leaders, Ormond and O'Neill, and these two hated one another more cordially than either hated the Puritans. Ormond' s overtures were accepted in spite of the bitter opposition of the Nuncio. The council and Inchiquin united their forces and marched to crush O'Neill. The Nuncio hurled the sentence of excommunication against the council and their forces, and laid an interdict on all places which should receive them. Seeing all his efforts in vain the Nuncio left Kilkenny, repaired to Galway, and departed from the kingdom, his mission having ended in failure. A peace was proclaimed between Ormond and the
LIMEMCK 1641—1651. 37

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

Danes traverse Connaught to Boyle

Boyle · town · Roscommon · 932

In 932 the Danes of Limerick traversed Connaught as far as Boyle, appearing unstoppable as no Irish power seemed capable of opposing them.

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great slaughter. They traversed Connaught as far as Boyle in the next year, and there seemed to be no power in Ireland capable of opposing them. The rivalry which existed between the Monarchs of the North and South prevented any combination being effected ; and not seldom one or other sought the assistance of the foreigners against his own rival.
In the year 942 the Danes suffered their first important defeat. A great annual fair was held which lasted fourteen days, and was attended by merchants from all parts of the country, and even from foreign parts. The Danes of Limerick, under Tomar, formed the project of attacking and plundering the merchants collected at the fair. He was joined by his kinsmen of Connaught and Waterford, and all marched secretly into Ormond. The Irish however observed the hostile conjunction. The country was alarmed by fires on each hill top. The native forces collected together, and being reinforced by those attending the fair, fell on the Danes, whom they defeated with a loss of four thousand men. The men of

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

Duke of Tyrconnell dies opposite King John's Castle

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

The Duke of Tyrconnell, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under King James, breathed his last in 1691 in a house opposite King John's Castle. The range of ancient houses where he died has since disappeared.

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held the post was Lord Gort, on whose death in 1840 the office ceased to exist. Near the castle stands St. Munchin's Church, which occupies the site of an ancient cathedral of Limerick. The original edifice is attributed to St. Munchin, or Manchin, in the middle of the seventh centurv, and is said to have been restored by the Danes during the time they held Limerick in their possession. The present Thomoncl Bridge is similar to that erected by King John with the exception of the drawbridge which was formerly at the city end. The old guard-house has long ago been demolished. A range of ancient houses opposite the castle, in one of which the Duke of Tyrconnell, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under King James, breathed his last in 1691, has also disappeared.
Ancient Limerick was remarkable for the number, extent, and grandeur of its ecclesiastical edifices. The most imposing of these was the Dominican Convent. Two lofty ivy covered walls and an interesting doorway within the grounds of the present Convent of Mercy are all that remain of this once famous establishment. The Ab-

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 43

English army gains heights at Singland overlooking Limerick

Singland · townland · Limerick · 1690

Towards evening on 9 August 1690, the English forces gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland, about five hundred yards from Limerick city. Before them lay the full panorama of the city with its fortifications, retreating Irish squadrons covering the intervening slopes.

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and took shelter under the walls. The Ens:- lish followed closelv, and towards evening gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland. Before them lay the panorama of the city, at a distance of about five hundred yards, the intervening slopes covered with the retreating squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind this stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower, mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the well-known Black Battery. The walls at this point turned Sharply towards Ball's Bridge, and in the centre was a sally-port. The Bridge was exposed to view, but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, and without the Avails, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances, one of the most important of the defences, and the green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on the evening of 9 August 1690, the English forces gained the semicircular range of hills at Singland. Before them lay the panorama of Limerick, about 500 yards away, the intervening slopes covered with retreating Irish squadrons. An Irish redoubt occupied the centre of the area, and behind it stretched the fortifications. The citadel at St. John's Gate was immediately in front, defended by four towers. At the extreme left stood a tall tower mounting three guns, and to the right frowned the Black Battery. The walls turned sharply towards Ball's Bridge, with a sally-port in the centre. The bridge was exposed to view but outside the range of the guns of the period. Conspicuous in the English town rose the square massive tower of St. Mary's Cathedral, from whose summit floated the standard of King James. To the extreme right, outside the walls, was the great fort constructed by Ireton, now by a curious change of circumstances one of the most important of the defences. The green sward of the King's Island was covered with the white tents of an Irish detachment.

Gold crown found in Camp Field, 1821

Friarstown · townland · Limerick · 1821

In the Summer of 1821, a peasant digging in a place called the Camp Field found a gold crown in the form of a large oystershell, weighing about five and a half ounces. The crown was unfortunately sold to a Dublin goldsmith for sixteen pounds and probably melted.

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circular but rectangular, or rather pentagonal, as one side is bent so as to form two. The fort is eighty paces long by forty-five wide. It is surrounded by a double rampart and seems to have been connected with other structures in the neighbourhood, which cannot now be distinctly traced. The very unusual shape however is the chief characteristic which deserves mention. All the neighbourhood contains numerous chains of forts, and evidently this was the usual route from Limerick to the western parts of the county. Fitzgerald relates that in a place called the Camp Field, a peasant, whilst digging in the Summer of 1821, found what he calls a "gold crown" in the form of a large oystershell, weighing 5^ ounces. The crown was unfortunately sold to a Dublin goldsmith for sixteen pounds and probably melted.
The most striking and picturesque ruin is that of Carrig-o-Gunnell, situated five miles to the west of the city. A short ridge of dolomite rock breaks through the surrounding limestone and varies the undulating surface. The northern extremity

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 67

Lace Factory at Bank Place

Bank Place · street · Limerick

Mrs. E. V. O'Brien established a lace factory at Bank Place to revive the declining Limerick lace industry. Pupils there produced excellent specimens from designs by local artists and students of the School of Art.

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famed throughout the world as one of the most beautiful articles of female adornment, receiving the approbation of royalty. Now, unhappily, the industry has greatly declined. It is still successfully cultivated bv the Sisters of the Good Shepherd Convent, whose case at the late Art Exhibition in Limerick contained many beautiful specimens remarkable for their richness of design and carefulness of execution. Mrs. E. V. O'Brien has recently taken this decaying industry in hand and has established a Lace Factory at Bank Place, the pupils of which have already produced some excellent specimens from designs by local artists, students of the School of Art.
The chief thoroughfare of Limerick is George-street, which, with the exception of Sackville-street, is the finest street in Ireland. The " monster " Drapery establishments are at the northern extremity. These belong to Messrs. Cannock & Co., Messrs. McBirney & Co., and the Limerick Warehouse Company. That of Messrs. Todd & Co. is in William-street. In Patrick-street the Spirit establishments

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 58

As the companion tells it

Along here on this street, Mrs. E. V. O'Brien established a lace factory at Bank Place. Limerick lace was famed throughout the world as one of the most beautiful articles of female adornment, receiving the approbation of royalty. By the time Mrs. O'Brien took the industry in hand, it had greatly declined. It was still successfully cultivated by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd Convent, whose case at the late Art Exhibition in Limerick contained many beautiful specimens, remarkable for their richness of design and carefulness of execution. Mrs. O'Brien recently took this decaying industry in hand and established her lace factory here. The pupils of that factory have already produced some excellent specimens from designs by local artists and students of the School of Art.

Sarsfield's raiders depart under rapparee Hogan's guidance

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

Sarsfield called his troopers together and informed them of his plan to destroy the siege train. The gallant band volunteered enthusiastically, and that night they stole out of Limerick under the guidance of a bold rapparee named Hogan, who knew every track and hiding place.

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Next morning a French deserter brought information to the city that William's heavy guns and ammunition were on their way from Cashel, escorted only by two troops of dragoons. Immediately it suggested itself to Sarsfleld that here was a chance for cutting off and destroying the siege train. A little reflection shewed that the project was within the bounds of possibility, and that it was the only chance of paralyzing the besieging army and saving the city for the present. It was such an undertaking, also, as commended itself to the fearless and dashing cavalry leader. Calling his troopers together he informed them of his design, pointing out the utility of the enterprise, at the same time not concealing from them the great danger that attended it. The gallant band volunteered for the work with enthusiasm, and that night saw them steal secretly out under the guidance of a bold rapparee named Hogan, who knew every track and hiding

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, this is the city from which Sarsfield's raiders set out in 1690. A French deserter had brought word that William's heavy guns and ammunition were on their way from Cashel, escorted only by two troops of dragoons. Sarsfield saw at once a chance to cut off and destroy the siege train. It was the only chance of paralyzing the besieging army and saving the city. He called his troopers together, told them his plan, pointed out the utility of the enterprise, and did not conceal the great danger. The gallant band volunteered with enthusiasm. That night they stole secretly out of Limerick under the guidance of a bold rapparee named Hogan, who knew every track and hiding place.

Breach made near the Dominican Abbey

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

The Great Battery's fire made a considerable breach in the walls of the English town, near the location of the Dominican Abbey.

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On the eighth of September a terrific fire was opened all along the line, and was returned by the besieged to the best of their ability, but the guns were not as powerful as these of the English. The Great Battery quickly made a considerable breach in the walls of the English town, near where the Dominican Abbey stood. The red hot shot told with great effect,. The houses in many places were in flames

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 35

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, this is where the Great Battery opened fire on the eighth of September 1691. The besieged returned it as best they could, but their guns were not as powerful as the English guns. The Great Battery quickly made a considerable breach in the walls of the English town, near where the Dominican Abbey stood. Red hot shot told with great effect, and houses in many places were in flames.

Chain Rock at Kilquane marks Shannon crossing point

Kilquane · townland · Limerick · 1690–1691

The spots where William and Ginkle crossed the Shannon are marked by the island of Illainarone and the Chain Rock near Kilquane churchyard. A limestone ledge on the opposite side secured the southern end of the bridge of boats.

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The spots memorable for the principal crossings of the Shannon by William and Ginkle are sufficiently marked by the island of Illainarone, and the "Chain Hock," near Kilquane churchyard, just above the millrace. On the opposite side a similar ledge of limestone is pointed out as having secured the southern end of the bridge of boats or pontoons. The diminutive castle in the middle of the Lax Weir is still in good repair and is quite a curiosity from its size. To conclude our survey of the old city, the lines of the great entrenched camp constructed by Ireton in 1650 are yet discernible at the north east end of the King's Island. By a strange revolution of fortune the great fort during the two subsequent sieges formed one of the strongest

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 49

Irish army fortified at Killaloe on the Shannon

near Killaloe · townland · Clare · 1651

Irish troops under the Earl of Castlehaven were encamped near Killaloe along the Clare bank of the Shannon in a strongly fortified position defended by breastworks. Ireton encamped on the opposite bank, separated only by the river.

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In the mean time Ireton directed all his energies to the complete subjugation of the island. He sent for and received large reinforcements from England. Everything was in readiness, and as soon as the season opened, he resolved to strike a decisive blow by attacking Limerick, the centre of the enemy's position. The Irish troops under the Earl of Castlehaven, were encamped near Killaloe, along the Clare bank of the Shannon, in a strongly forti-
40 LIMERICK 1641 — 1651.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

Military barracks built in monastery grounds

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1660–1685

During the reign of Charles II, a large military barracks capable of holding 800 men was erected in the grounds of a monastery in Limerick. This construction doubtless served to complete the destruction of the sacred buildings.

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Limerick in 1583. In the reign of Charles II. a huge military barrack capable of holding eight hundred men, was erected in the grounds of the monastery, and doubtless served to complete the destruction of the sacred buildings.
The first regular religious community established in Limerick was that of the Canons of St. Augustine. According to Ware the Priory was founded in 1227 by Simon Minor, a citizen of Limerick. This establishment was situated near Ball's Bridge, between it and the Mall, but not a trace of it now remains. The head of this house had the first vote in the election of the Mayor and occupied a seat in the Court next the Mayor. At the time of the suppression the property of the Convent was granted to Edmond Sexton, in the hands of whose descendants it has since remained. Near the site of this building it may be remembered an Irish battery was erected which annoyed William's army on their march through Park. The Hermits of St. Augustine possessed an establishment in Quay Lane, on the site of the old City Courthouse. Some traces

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

Coming through Limerick now. Back in the reign of Charles II, a huge military barrack went up in the grounds of the monastery, built to hold 800 men. It doubtless served to complete the destruction of the sacred buildings that had stood there. The first regular religious community established in Limerick was the Canons of St. Augustine. According to Ware, the Priory was founded in 1227 by Simon Minor, a citizen of Limerick. It stood near Ball's Bridge, between it and the Mall, but not a trace of it now remains. The head of this house had the first vote in the election of the Mayor and occupied a seat in the Court next the Mayor. At the time of the suppression, the property of the Convent was granted to Edmond Sexton, in the hands of whose descendants it has since remained. Near the site of this building, an Irish battery was erected which annoyed William's army on their march through Park. The Hermits of St. Augustine possessed an establishment in Quay Lane, on the site of the old City Courthouse.

Sarsfield halts his troopers at Keeper Hill

near Slievekimalta or Keeper Hill · mountain or mountain range · Tipperary · 1690

After crossing the Shannon, Sarsfield directed his route to Keeper Hill and halted his troopers at dawn in the recesses of the mountainous district, safe from observation, before sending out scouts to locate the Williamite battering train.

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place as well by night as by clay. The strictest silence was preserved, and proceeding by the Clare bank of the Shannon they crossed the river a little above Killaloe at a place called Ballyvalley. The town and bridge were occupied by English soldiers; but so cautiously had the party proceeded that they passed over unobserved, and got into Tipperary in safety. Sarsfield then directed his route to Keeper Hill, and as the dawn was now approaching, halted his troopers safe from observation in the recesses of that mountainous district. When day was fully come, scouts were sent out in all directions who returned toward evening with the intelligence that the battering train was proceeding leisurely on its way, that the slender escort anticipated no clanger, and were to encamp that night within the borders of the county, at Ballyneety, near an old castle.
Sarsfield's departure from Limerick, and his nocturnal march, had not escaped the observation of two Clare gentlemen who brought the information to the English camp. The generals did not consider the matter worthy of any attention ; but

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 25

Siege and surrender of Ballymore Castle

Ballymore · town · Westmeath · 1691

The 1691 campaign opened with the siege of Ballymore Castle in Westmeath, the advanced post of the Irish, which surrendered to Ginkle's forces. Ginkle was then joined by the Duke of Wirtemburg and Count Nassau with foreign mercenaries.

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The campaign opened with the siege of Ballymore Castle in Westmeath, the advanced post of the Irish, which surrendered. Here Ginkle was joined by the Duke of Wirtemburg and Count Nassau with a body of foreign mercenaries. At the head of an army of eighteen thousand men he noAV marched upon Athlone, which was rightly regarded by both sides as the key of the position. Colonel Grace, who had so successfully defended the town in the previous year, had been removed, and his place was filled by a Frenchman, d'Usson- St. Ruth's head quarters were three miles distant. Ginkle appeared before the place on the 19th of June. " His master ought to hang him" remarked St. Ruth, "for attempting to take the town, mine ought to hang me if I lose it." The half of the town on the left bank of the river was easily taken, but that was of little consequence. The bridge which joined the two banks was broken down and the ford was almost impassable. At the end of the
84 SIEGE BY GINKLE.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 32

St. Patrick's well and bed at Singland

Singland · townland · Limerick · 440–460

St. Patrick's holy well and his 'bed' are pointed out at Singland to the present day, marking the saint's visit to the area in the fifth century.

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of Limerick.* It is quite certain that the Church of Donoughmore, about two miles south of the city, was founded by St. Patrick. At Singland his well and "bed" are pointed out to the present day. St. Patrick did not cross into Thomond at this time, but proceeded to Finnine, a place that has not been fully identified, but is probably Knockpatrick. Here he gave his blessing to the people of North Munster who had received him so kindlv, and foretold concerning s< the Green Island in the West" (Scattery Island,) near the mouth of the river, that "the lamp of the people of God should shine in it/' a prophecy fulfilled in the person of St. Senan.
The authentic and continuous history of Limerick may be said to commence with the arrival of the Danes on our western shores. These hardy rovers from the shores of the Baltic and the German

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 3

As the companion tells it

Close to Singland, St. Patrick's well and his bed are still pointed out today. He came through here in the fifth century and founded the Church of Donoughmore, about two miles south of Limerick. He did not cross into Thomond at this time. Instead he went on to Finnine, a place that has not been fully identified but is probably Knockpatrick. There he gave his blessing to the people of North Munster, who had received him kindly. He foretold concerning the Green Island in the West, Scattery Island, near the mouth of the river, that, in the words of the source, the lamp of the people of God should shine in it. That prophecy was fulfilled in the person of St. Senan.

Danes of Limerick ravage Galway

Galway · city · Galway · 931

In 931, under Amlav, the Danes of Limerick ravaged Galway after defeating the Irish chiefs with great slaughter, demonstrating the reach of Limerick-based Viking power.

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Cormac and most of his chiefs fell in battle, with Flann, head of the Southern Hy Nials, in the year 903, and the incursions of the Danes, now reinforced by many of their countrymen, became more fierce than ever, In 920 an expedition from Limerick sailed up the Shannon, laid waste and plundered Clonmacnois and Inis-Cealtra, or Holv Island, in Lough Derg, ravaged the neighbourhood, and returned laden with great spoils. Contentions arose between the Danes of Dublin and Limerick, in which the latter were victorious. In 927 they took possession of Lough Corrib, whose shores they wasted ; but shortly afterwards they suffered a defeat from the men of Connaught, near Lough Ree. In 931, under Amlav, the Danes of Limerick ravaged Gal way, having defeated the Irish chiefs with
8 limerick: under the danes.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Galway, this city carries an old wound from 931. The Danes of Limerick, under a leader named Amlav, ravaged Galway that year, having already defeated the Irish chiefs. It was part of a long reach of Limerick-based Viking power. In 920 they had sailed up the Shannon and plundered Clonmacnois and Inis-Cealtra in Lough Derg, returning laden with spoils. They fought the Danes of Dublin and won. In 927 they took Lough Corrib and wasted its shores, though the men of Connaught beat them near Lough Ree shortly after. Then in 931, under Amlav, they came to Galway and ravaged it, the Irish chiefs broken before them. The material cuts off there, but the damage was done.

King John's Castle, Limerick

near King John's Castle · castle · Louth · 1751–1840

King John's Castle, ordered by the monarch whose name it bears, was described as one of the finest specimens of Norman military architecture in the kingdom. A military barracks was erected within its walls in 1751; the last constable, Lord Gort, died in 1840.

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with the Limerick bank by Ball's Britl A wall pierced with numerous gates and fortified with strong towers surrounded the whole area. Of these walls some considerable portions still remain. They may be traced from Thomond Bridge by the irravevard of St. Munchin towards Watergate, when they turn sharply eastward, and may still be observed at the back of the Convent of Mercy, running nearly parallel to Island Road. Thence they continued to Ball's Bridge, but this portion has entirely disappeared. Prom Ball's Bridge they extended along the present George's Quay to the Potato Market, which occupies the site of the ancient harbour, the mouth of which was defended by batteries. The chief stronghold of the English town was King John's Castle, so-called from the monarch who ordered its erection. Even after the lapse of nearly seven centuries the castle is an imposing structure and one of the finest specimens of Norman military architecture to be found in the kingdom. The river front about two hundred feet in length is flanked by two massive round towers, each fifty feet in diameter, with
106 OLD LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 42

O'Connell statue in the Crescent

The Crescent · street · Limerick · 1857

A noble statue of Daniel O'Connell by the eminent sculptor Hogan was erected in the Crescent and inaugurated with appropriate ceremony in 1857 during the mayoralty of Dr. Kane. A fine portrait of O'Connell by Haverty also hung in the Council Chamber of the Town Hall.

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In the centre of the Crescent stands a noble statue of O'Connell by Hogan, an eminent sculptor, which was inaugurated with appropriate ceremony in 1857, during the mayoralty of Dr. Kane. A very fine portrait of the Liberator, by Haverty, hangs in the Council Chamber of the Town Hall, where nmy also be found a portrait of Mr. William Fitzgerald, Mayor of Limerick in 1860, who died during his year of office.
In 1857 a monument was erected at the "Wellesley Bridge " to commemorate the bravery of Viscount Fitzgibbon, 8th lloyal Irish Hussars, and of his gallant companions in arms, natives of the County and City of Limerick, who gloriously fell in the Crimean war." The statue of Lord Pitz gibbon is life size and of bronze, and stands on a granite pedestal. On the front

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 60

Royal Standard pillar and King William's Well

Singland · townland · Limerick · 1690

A masonry pillar about five feet high by an old road near Limerick is traditionally reported as the site where the Royal Standard of England was displayed in 1690. A well still called after King William is found further along the same road.

Read the passage

to public view on " the hillocks of Singland."* During each of the three sieges the range of hills formed the chief centre of the attacking forces. They were occupied during Ireton's time, but the range was rather far for the cannon of the period and closer quarters had to be sought. In 1690 and 1691 the heights were a line of batteries from whence a storm of shot was poured against the walls and into the city. The site of the principal battery is now occupied by the reservoir of the Water Works and a practised eye can detect the traces of others. Prom thence to the city walls extends a gently sloj^ing space, through which the trenches were pushed, and near the centre exists a very slight elevation, which was occupied with an Irish redoubt. Some short distance from the city, by the side of one of the old roads, may be found a pillar of masonry about five feet in height, but formerly much higher, on which it is traditionally reported the Royal Standard of England was displayed in 1690. A well still called
* Annals of Innisfallen.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 49

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, near Singland, the old roads hold two relics of the sieges of Limerick. During each of the three sieges this range of hills formed the chief centre of the attacking forces. They were occupied during Ireton's time, but the range was rather far for the cannon of the period and closer quarters had to be sought. In 1690 and 1691 the heights were a line of batteries from whence a storm of shot was poured against the walls and into the city. The site of the principal battery is now occupied by the reservoir of the Water Works. From there to the city walls extends a gently sloping space, through which the trenches were pushed. Near the centre exists a slight elevation, which was occupied by an Irish redoubt. By the side of one of the old roads you can find a pillar of masonry about 5 feet in height, but formerly much higher, on which it is traditionally reported the Royal Standard of England was displayed in 1690. A well still called after King William is found further along the same road.

Sarsfield inherits family estate near Lucan

near Lucan · town · Dublin · 1688

Patrick Sarsfield inherited the family estate near Lucan upon the death of his eldest brother, which produced a considerable income. He later retired to France in 1688 with King James and accompanied him to Ireland the following year.

Read the passage

members was standard bearer to Henry II, and in more recent times another was Viscount Kilmallock, and premier Baronet of Ireland. The military career of Sarsfield commenced at an early age. He served as an ensign in Monmouth's regiment in France, and afterwards received his commission as lieutenant in the English Guards. By the death of his eldest brother, he inherited the family estate near Lucan, which produced a considerable income. He retired to France in 1688 with James, and accompanied that Monarch to Ireland in the subsequent year, when he was made Colonel of the King's Dragoons. He was with the army at the battle of the Boyne, but took no active part in the engagement, being ordered by the King to escort him to the left, where no fighting took place. His comment on James's conduct both during and after the en^a^ement is well known — " Change commanders, and we will fight the battle over again." Sarsfield was now in the prime of life. In person he was tall, well made, and graceful in his carriage. His face was handsome, and bore the impress of every noble and manly quality
62 SIEGE BY WILLIAM III.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 22

As the companion tells it

Coming up near Lucan now. This was the district where Patrick Sarsfield's family held their estate. The family had a long military lineage. One member had been standard bearer to Henry the Second, and another held the title Viscount Kilmallock, premier baronet of Ireland. Sarsfield himself began his military career young. He served as an ensign in Monmouth's regiment in France, then received his commission as lieutenant in the English Guards. By the death of his eldest brother, he inherited the family estate near Lucan, which produced a considerable income. He retired to France in 1688 with King James, and accompanied that monarch to Ireland the following year, when he was made Colonel of the King's Dragoons. He was with the army at the battle of the Boyne, but took no active part. The King ordered him to escort him to the left, where no fighting took place. His comment on James's conduct during and after the engagement is well known. He said, "Change commanders, and we will fight the battle over again." Sarsfield was now in the prime of life. He was tall, well made, and graceful in his carriage. His face was handsome, and bore the impress of every noble and manly quality.

Whittamore's Castle, Sarsfield's reputed quarters

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690–1691

Whittamore's Castle, between Mary Street and the river, is a strongly built old fortified residence of cut limestone. Popularly called the castle of Limerick or Sarsfield's castle, tradition holds that Patrick Sarsfield occupied it during the last two sieges.

Read the passage

quaint curved gables turned towards the street, give certain portions of the English Town a peculiarly foreign look. Some few years ago Mary-street might almost he mistaken for a piece of some old continental city, hut the resemblance is now almost obliterated. The existing brick houses have been built upon the foundations of still older structures, whose materials have been liberally utilised by the modern builder. The fall of the more recent portions often brings to light and exposes to view some relics and traces of the earlier occupant of the site. Whittamore's castle, between Mary-street and the river, is a striking example of the old fortified residences, strongly built of cut limestone and apparently constructed so as to stand a siege. The wall towards the river is still standing almost entire and the doors and windows are in very good preservation. It is popularly called the castle of Limerick and also Sarsfield's castle, from a tradition that it was occupied by that distinguished general during the two last sieges. At the head of Creagh Lane the demolition of some houses has brought
116 OLD LIMEllICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 46

St. Patrick's vision, well, and rocky bed on heights above Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick

On the line of hills overlooking Limerick, St. Patrick is said to have seen a vision of an angel. His well and rocky 'bed' are still pointed out and held in reverence. Here he baptized Catha or Carthen, chief of a neighbouring district.

Read the passage

time of the sieges and as having supplied Sarsfield with fruit during that time. Prom the corner occupied hy the Black Battery there may he obtained a fine view of the surrounding heights and of the ground occupied hy the operations conducted during the last two sieges. This line of hills has from time immemorial been intimately connected with the history of the city. Here St. Patrick is said to have seen the vision of an angel, and his well and rocky "bed" are still pointed out and held in reverence. Here he baptized Catha or Carthen, chief of a neighbouring distrct. Many conflicts with the Danes, as previously stated, were waged on these heights during the centuries in which these foreign aggressors were endeavouring to push their conquests farther and farther inland. Here swept by the great northern army of invasion in 1088, which ravaged and burned the greater part of the country. They returned home to the north bringing with them the head of one of their leaders, O'Buarc, surnamed the Cock, who had fallen in battle a short time before and whose head was exposed

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, the line of hills overlooking the city has been bound to its history from time immemorial. On these heights St. Patrick is said to have seen a vision of an angel. His well and his rocky bed are still pointed out and held in reverence. Here he baptized Catha, or Carthen, chief of a neighbouring district. These heights saw many conflicts with the Danes during the centuries in which those foreign aggressors were pushing their conquests farther and farther inland. A great northern army of invasion swept across them in 1088, ravaging and burning the greater part of the country. They returned home to the north bringing with them the head of one of their leaders, O'Buarc, surnamed the Cock, who had fallen in battle a short time before, and whose head was exposed.

Brigadier Stewart captures Castleconnell

Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1690

On 13 August 1690, Brigadier Stewart was despatched with four field pieces to capture Castleconnell, then held by Captain Barnwell with 120 Irish soldiers. Barnwell immediately surrendered and the place was occupied by a detachment of English troops.

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On the thirteenth of August Brigadier Stewart had been despatched with four field pieces to capture Castle- Connell, then in possession of the Irish. It was held by Captain Barnwell, with a hundred and twenty men, who immediately surrendered, and the place was occupied by a detachment of English troops.
The loss of the siege guns delayed all offensive operations against the city for over a week. In the mean time the men were busily employed in constructing forts and excavating trenches. The English lines extended from Pennywell on the right, following the course of the heights in a horse shoe form, round by the back of the present Waterworks, and along the slight elevation now occupied by the Gaol and Iloches-street, the extreme left resting on the Shannon. Between this and the fortifications the sappers and miners were slowly working their way to the walls. By the seventeenth the trenches were occupied by seven regiments and the redoubt in front of the citadel fell into the hands of the English. The place was of no use, for it was commanded bv the

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Coming up near Castleconnell in Limerick. In August 1690, this town became a target in the wider campaign against Limerick. On the 13th of that month, Brigadier Stewart was sent out with four field pieces to take Castleconnell, which was then in the hands of the Irish. The place was held by Captain Barnwell with 120 men. Barnwell surrendered immediately, and a detachment of English troops moved in and occupied the town. The loss of the siege guns, in the broader operation, delayed all offensive moves against the city of Limerick for over a week. In the meantime, men were set to work building forts and digging trenches. The English lines ran from Pennywell on the right, following the heights in a horseshoe shape, round by the back of the present Waterworks, and along the slight elevation now occupied by the Gaol and Iloches-street, with the extreme left resting on the Shannon. Between this and the fortifications, sappers and miners were slowly working their way toward the walls.

Bunratty Castle twice besieged in the 1640s

near Bunratty · parish · Clare · 1641–1651

During the turbulent period of 1641-1651, Bunratty Castle attracted considerable military attention and was twice besieged. It was originally founded by de Clare in 1272.

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Carrig - o - Gunnell is not mentioned during the exciting times of 1641-1651, though its neighbour, Bunratty, on the opposite shore, attracted considerable attention and was twice besieged.
In 1691, previous to the last siege of Limerick, it was held by a small party of Irish soldiers, who surrendered to General Scavenmore, and their place was supplied by an English garrison. Shortly afterwards both it and Castle- Conn ell were blown up with gunpowder by order of Ginkle, under the supervision of Story, Dean of Limerick. The present condition of the building shows how completely the work of destruction was carried out.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 73

City walls of Limerick described

Limerick · city · Limerick

A wall pierced with gates and fortified with towers once surrounded the whole area of English Limerick. Considerable portions remained visible, traceable from Thomond Bridge past St. Munchin's graveyard and along Island Road to Ball's Bridge and George's Quay.

Read the passage

with the Limerick bank by Ball's Britl A wall pierced with numerous gates and fortified with strong towers surrounded the whole area. Of these walls some considerable portions still remain. They may be traced from Thomond Bridge by the irravevard of St. Munchin towards Watergate, when they turn sharply eastward, and may still be observed at the back of the Convent of Mercy, running nearly parallel to Island Road. Thence they continued to Ball's Bridge, but this portion has entirely disappeared. Prom Ball's Bridge they extended along the present George's Quay to the Potato Market, which occupies the site of the ancient harbour, the mouth of which was defended by batteries. The chief stronghold of the English town was King John's Castle, so-called from the monarch who ordered its erection. Even after the lapse of nearly seven centuries the castle is an imposing structure and one of the finest specimens of Norman military architecture to be found in the kingdom. The river front about two hundred feet in length is flanked by two massive round towers, each fifty feet in diameter, with
106 OLD LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 42

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Limerick, you are passing the lines of walls that once enclosed the English town here. A wall pierced with numerous gates and fortified with strong towers surrounded the whole area. Considerable portions of it still remain. They can be traced from Thomond Bridge past the graveyard of St. Munchin towards Watergate, where they turn sharply eastward. From there they are still visible at the back of the Convent of Mercy, running nearly parallel to Island Road. The walls continued to Ball's Bridge, but that portion has entirely disappeared. From Ball's Bridge they extended along the present George's Quay to the Potato Market, which occupies the site of the ancient harbour, the mouth of which was defended by batteries. The chief stronghold of the English town was King John's Castle, named for the monarch who ordered its erection. After nearly seven centuries the castle is an imposing structure, one of the finest specimens of Norman military architecture in the kingdom. The river front, about 200 feet in length, is flanked by two massive round towers, each 50 feet in diameter.

Cruise's Hotel and Daniel O'Connell

Patrick Street · street · Limerick

Cruise's Hotel in Patrick-street was well known in the early part of the nineteenth century and was patronised by Daniel O'Connell. It maintained its reputation ever since.

Read the passage

are examples of tasteful and costly architecture. Cruise's Hotel was well known in the early part of this century, being patronised by Daniel O'Connell, and it lias ever since maintained its reputation.
Among modern edifices which ornament the city the first place must be assigned to St. John's Cathedral. Early in 1856 a meeting of the parishioners was held for the jmrpose of collecting funds to erect a new Cathedral to replace the old Chapel of St. John. Subscriptions poured in with such rapidity that the foundation stone was laid on the first of May that year. In a short space of time the building was open for worship, but the spire was not completed till 1883. The spire, which is 280 feet in height, was constructed from designs by Messrs. M. and S. Hennessy, and is the most remarkable feature of the edifice. It is singularly graceful and light, and may be considered the loftiest and most beautiful in Ireland and as having but few rivals elsewhere. The internal length of the Cathedral is 168 feet, and the height to the apex of the roof 80 feet. The High

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 58

As the companion tells it

Along here on Patrick Street stands Cruise's Hotel. It was well known in the early part of the nineteenth century, and was patronised by Daniel O'Connell. The hotel has ever since maintained its reputation.

English army advances from Cahirconlish to Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691

The English advanced guard proceeded from Cahirconlish and the army divided into two columns, advancing cautiously towards Limerick. The Irish opened a well-directed fire killing several including Colonel Donep, but the English occupied their previous year's position by evening of 25 August.

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The advanced guard proceeded from Cahirconlish to a house where the road divided and then halted till the infantry came up. The army then divided into two columns, one taking the road to the right, the other that to the left. Each wing was disposed in order of battle, and both proceeded slowly and cautiously towards the city. The Irish opened a well directed fire which killed several, including Colonel Donep, a Dane, and seriously checked the advance. The field pieces were then ordered to the front and a brisk cannonade opened before which the Irish gradually fell back, and the evening of that day, the twenty-fifth of August, saw the English army occupying the position it had held the previous year.
Next day a large quantity of war material arrived in camp in addition to all that had been provided. On the twentyseventh, a body of horse under the Prince of Hesse was sent against Castle- Connell,

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 34

As the companion tells it

As the road nears Limerick, you are on the route the English army took in 1691. The advanced guard came from Cahirconlish to a house where the road divided and halted till the infantry caught up. The army then split into two columns, one taking the road to the right, the other to the left. Each wing was disposed in order of battle and both moved slowly and cautiously towards the city. The Irish opened a well-directed fire that killed several, including Colonel Donep, a Dane, and seriously checked the advance. The field pieces were ordered to the front and a brisk cannonade opened, before which the Irish gradually fell back. The evening of 25 August saw the English army occupying the position it had held the previous year. The next day a large quantity of war material arrived in camp, and on 27 August a body of horse under the Prince of Hesse was sent against Castle-Connell.

Founding of Barrington's Hospital

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1831

Barrington's Hospital in Limerick was founded by Sir Joseph Barrington and his sons in 1831 at a cost of £10,000. Despite its importance, the institution suffered from deficient funds, though the Corporation later provided a grant.

Read the passage

Barrington's Hospital was founded by Sir Joseph Barrington and his sons in 1831 at a cost of £10,000. All donors of £20 and annual subscribers of 3 guineas are governors. The governors elect the committee of management each year. The hospital has not received the amount of support it deserves. Though the Corporation have lately given a grant, the funds of this most deserving institution are la-
* Whilst going through the press we learn that Dr. Courtenay has been appointed Inspector of Lunatic Asylums.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 52

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, this city holds Barrington's Hospital, founded in 1831 by Sir Joseph Barrington and his sons at a cost of £10,000. Donors of £20 and annual subscribers of 3 guineas are governors. Governors elect the committee of management each year. The hospital has not received the support it deserves. The Corporation have lately given a grant, but the funds of this institution are deficient.

Franciscan Abbey founded by William de Burgho

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1200–1299

The Franciscan Abbey was founded in the thirteenth century by William de Burgho, son-in-law of Donald O'Brien, and stood just outside the city walls between Sir Harry's Mall and Athlunkard Street. Moroney, who visited Limerick in 1615, described the buildings as still standing but likely to fall, and traces were still detectable though becoming fewer.

Read the passage

There was yet another famous abbey, the Franciscan, founded in the thirteenth century by William de Burgho, son-in-law of Donald O'Brien. It stood just without the city walls, and occupied the greater part of the space between Sir Harry's Mall and Athlunkard Street, which part is still called St. Francis's Abbey. Traces of the buildings connected with this great abbey may still be detected in the neighbourhood, but they are becoming fewer and fewer every day. Moroney,' who visited Limerick in 1615, describes the buildings as still standing but likely to fall.
OLD LIMERICK. Ill

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 44

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, there was a Franciscan abbey here, founded in the thirteenth century by William de Burgho, son-in-law of Donald O'Brien. It stood just outside the city walls, occupying the greater part of the space between Sir Harry's Mall and Athlunkard Street. That part is still called St. Francis's Abbey. Traces of the buildings could still be detected, but they were becoming fewer every day. Moroney, who visited Limerick in 1615, describes the buildings as still standing but likely to fall.

Ireton reduces Kilmallock and Castleconnell

Kilmallock · townland · Limerick · 1651

As Ireton prepared to strike at Limerick, he first reduced Kilmallock and Castle-Connell. His army was drawn up at Cashel before advancing through Nenagh, which surrendered on his approach.

Read the passage

Every precaution was taken by Ireton in approaching the city. Kilmallock and Castle-Connell had been reduced. Early in the Spring the English army was drawn up at Cashel. From thence a strong detachment of four thousand men was sent into Connaught, by way of Sligo, so as to draw off the troops from the Shannon. Ireton himself advanced by way of Nenagh, the garrison of which surrendered on his approach. He then directed his march on Killaloe, and encamped on the left bank of the Shannon, in front of the Irish army, the two being separated only by the river. The English set themselves to lower the bank so as to widen the river, and thus make it fordable, and the Irish made every preparation to oppose their
LIMERICK 1641 — 1651. 41

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

Irish entrench at Killaloe and Annabeg, break O'Brien's Bridge

near Killaloe · townland · Clare · 1690

The Irish prepared defences against William's approach: O'Brien's Bridge had been broken down, and strong bodies occupied entrenched positions at Killaloe and the ford of Annabeg. The approaches to Limerick were marshy and intersected with deep trenches, made almost impassable by recent rains and flooding of the Shannon and the Groody.

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The Irish were better prepared to meet him than William expected. O'Brien's Bridge had been broken down. Strong bodies occupied entrenched positions at Killaloe and the ford of Annabeg. The approaches to the city were very difficult on all sides. The immediate neighbourhood was marshy, and intersected with deep trenches. The ground was almost impassable, owing to the recent rains, and the consequent flooding of the Shannon, and its little tributary, the Groody. The roads were narrow, difficult to traverse, and lined with hedges, behind which a large force could be concealed.
The city of Limerick possessed an able Governor in Boiseleau, a Frenchman. The Duke of Berwick and Wauchop were also good soldiers. But the animating spirit of the defenders was Patrick Sarsfield, a young Colonel of Dragoons. Sarsfield was descended from an Anglo-Norman family of distinction, one of whose early

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 21

Irish forces make stand on narrow road before Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

Irish forces retreating before William's army halted a short distance from the walls of Limerick, choosing a strong position where the road was narrow and bounded on each side by a morass. Three roads led to the gates; the central one was held by Irish horse, the others by infantry protected by ditches.

Read the passage

watching the enemy's movements, kept falling back in good order, their numbers being too small to risk an attack. At length they halted a short distance from the walls, determined to interrupt the advance. The position they had chosen was a strong one. The road in front was narrow and difficult, bounded on each side by a morass. Three roads led directly to the gates, from where they stood. The central one, which was the broadest, was occupied by the Irish horse, the others were filled with infantry, and protected by the ditches.
When William saw that his opponents were determined to make a stand, and knowing that neither his infantry nor his cavalry could force the j)osition, he brought up two field jneces, which opened fire beyond the range of the muskets. The Irish had no artillery to silence these guns, every shot from which fell amongst the masses of cavalry and at length compelled them to withdraw. The infantry were then attacked in a similar manner, and after a conflict which lasted two hours the place was evacuated. The Irish regiments retired, disputing every inch of the way,

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

As you come near Limerick, the road passes the ground where Irish forces made their stand in 1690. They had been falling back in good order before William's army, too few to risk an attack, until they halted a short distance from the walls, determined to interrupt the advance. The position they chose was a strong one. The road in front was narrow and difficult, bounded on each side by a morass. Three roads led directly to the gates from where they stood. The central one, the broadest, was occupied by the Irish horse. The others were filled with infantry, protected by the ditches. When William saw that his opponents were determined to make a stand, and knowing that neither his infantry nor his cavalry could force the position, he brought up two field pieces, which opened fire beyond the range of the muskets. The Irish had no artillery to silence these guns, and every shot from them fell amongst the masses of cavalry and at length compelled them to withdraw. The infantry were then attacked in a similar manner, and after a conflict which lasted two hours the place was evacuated. The Irish regiments retired, disputing every inch of the way.

Ormond surrenders Dublin to Parliament

Dublin · city · Dublin

During the shifting allegiances of the Confederate Wars, the Marquis of Ormond delivered Dublin up to the Parliament and left the kingdom. Jones was appointed governor and subsequently defeated Preston's Leinster army.

Read the passage

Soon however the result of the mutual animosities became apparent. Ormond delivered up Dublin to the Parliament and left the kingdom. Jones was appointed governor, and marching out, defeated Preston and the Leinster army. Lord Inchiquin took Cashel by assault and put the inhabitants to the sword, and destroyed the Munster army under Taafe at Knockanos, near Kanturk. The Marquis of Ormond now returned to Ireland with power to treat with the supreme council. There were therefore two royalist leaders, Ormond and O'Neill, and these two hated one another more cordially than either hated the Puritans. Ormond' s overtures were accepted in spite of the bitter opposition of the Nuncio. The council and Inchiquin united their forces and marched to crush O'Neill. The Nuncio hurled the sentence of excommunication against the council and their forces, and laid an interdict on all places which should receive them. Seeing all his efforts in vain the Nuncio left Kilkenny, repaired to Galway, and departed from the kingdom, his mission having ended in failure. A peace was proclaimed between Ormond and the
LIMEMCK 1641—1651. 37

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 13

As the companion tells it

Coming up along the road through Dublin. During the shifting allegiances of the Confederate Wars, the Marquis of Ormond delivered Dublin up to the Parliament and left the kingdom. Jones was appointed governor, and marching out, defeated Preston and the Leinster army. Lord Inchiquin took Cashel by assault and put the inhabitants to the sword, and destroyed the Munster army under Taafe at Knockanos, near Kanturk. The Marquis of Ormond then returned to Ireland with power to treat with the supreme council. There were two royalist leaders, Ormond and O'Neill, and these two hated one another more cordially than either hated the Puritans. Ormond's overtures were accepted in spite of the bitter opposition of the Nuncio. The council and Inchiquin united their forces and marched to crush O'Neill. The Nuncio hurled the sentence of excommunication against the council and their forces, and laid an interdict on all places which should receive them. Seeing all his efforts in vain, the Nuncio left Kilkenny, repaired to Galway, and departed from the kingdom, his mission having ended in failure.

St. Patrick baptises Carthen at Singland

Singland · townland · Limerick · 440–460

In the mid-fifth century St. Patrick visited the Limerick neighbourhood and baptised Carthen, chief of a district adjacent to Killaloe, along with many of his followers, at Saingeal, now called Singland.

Read the passage

In the middle of the fifth, century the neighbourhood was visited bv St. Patrick, who gained many converts to Christianity, amongst whom was Carthen, the Chief of a district adjacent to Killaloe, who was baptised^ with many of his followers at Saingeal, now Sin gland. St. Patrick remained some time in this part of the country, and ordained St. Nessan, founder of Mungret. He may have also consecrated St. Manchin; but there is not the slightest authority for calling him Bishop
* Mr. James Frost informs me that until quite recently a large mound of stones existed upon the side of Glenagross mountain, and was called Leacht an High, the Tomb of the Kin sr.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 3

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Singland, in the middle of the fifth century, St. Patrick visited this neighbourhood and gained many converts to Christianity. Among them was Carthen, chief of a district adjacent to Killaloe, who was baptised with many of his followers at Saingeal, now called Singland. St. Patrick remained some time in this part of the country, and ordained St. Nessan, founder of Mungret. He may have also consecrated St. Manchin, but there is not the slightest authority for calling him bishop.

Lickadoon Castle, O'Hurley seat and 1600 garrison

Lickadoon · townland · Limerick · 1600

Lickadoon Castle, once the seat of the O'Hurleys, is now little more than a shapeless heap of stones. It is mentioned in Pacata Hibernia as one of the fortified stations in which a strong detachment was placed on the subjugation of the eastern part of the county in 1600.

Read the passage

To the south and south east of the city may he noticed Tuoreen Castle, near the hanks of the Groody, Dromhanny Castle, a tall square tower, and Lickadoon Castle, once the seat of the O' Hurleys, now little more than a shapeless heap of stones. Lickadoon Castle is mentioned in Pacata Hi hernia as one of the fortified stations in which a strong detachment was placed on the subjugation of the eastern part of the county in 1600. The hill of Friarstown hard by contains no less than five large earthen forts in good preservation. There are also the remains, still in a fair state of preservation, of the monastic estahlishment founded by the Clangibbon family, which gave its name to the place. A Castle and Church stood on the eastern side of the hill, hut nothing is known regarding them. A third Castle, Panningstown, founded by the Pitzgeralcls, on the way towards Pedamore has disappeared all but a few stones.
In the low-lying boggy ground west of Priarstown, and midway between it and the large earthen moat on Green Hills, may be observed a fort whose shape is not

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 67

Patrick Sarsfield statue in Limerick

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1845–1881

A bronze statue of Patrick Sarsfield, defender of Limerick during the sieges of 1690 and 1691, was erected in 1881 on a site granted by the Bishop of Limerick. The project began in 1845 but suffered considerable delays and controversy over its placement.

Read the passage

The last public monument erected in Limerick is the very fine statue of Patrick Sarsfield, the Irish Bayard, a chevalier "sans peur et sans reproche." The project had been started as long ago as 1845, and a committee appointed. After considerable delay the statue was at last exe-
150 MODERN LIMERICK.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 61

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, you are coming up on the Patrick Sarsfield statue. Sarsfield defended the city through the sieges of 1690 and 1691. This bronze was the last public monument raised in Limerick. He was called the Irish Bayard, "sans peur et sans reproche." The project began in 1845 but met considerable delay before the statue was at last erected in 1881.

Corkanree embankment and Spillane tower 1870

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1870

The Corkanree embankment enclosed a considerable area and forms an agreeable promenade. A square tower was erected at the extremity by the citizens to commemorate the probity and energy of Mr. William Spillane, during whose mayoralty in 1870 the embankment was completed.

Read the passage

ing a ship's cargo, and is provided with several grain elevators. The Corkanrec embankment has enclosed a considerable area and forms an agreeable promenade. A square tower has been erected at the extremity by the citizens to commemorate the " probity and energy " of Mr. William Spillane, during whose mayoralty in 1870 the embankment was completed.
The year which witnessed the opening of the docks also saw the establishment of the Great Munster Pairs, which have a world wide reputation. The number has been lately increased from two to four in the year, but this is considered a doubtful advantage.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 56

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Limerick, you come near the Corkanree embankment. It enclosed a considerable area and formed an agreeable promenade. At its extremity the citizens erected a square tower to commemorate the "probity and energy" of William Spillane, during whose mayoralty in 1870 the embankment was completed.

County Courthouse built 1808-1810 with Doric portico

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1808–1810

The County Courthouse, a quadrangular building of hewn limestone with a Doric portico of four massive columns, was founded in 1808 and ready for business in 1810. Its architects, Nicholas and William Hannon, were natives of the county.

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1808 saw the foundation of the County Courthouse, which was ready for the transaction of business in the summer of 1810. It is a quadrangular building of hewn limestone with a Doric portico of four massive columns. The architects, Messrs. Nicholas & William Hannon, were natives of the county. A Theatre was erected in George Street, which not proving a success was purchased by the Augustinian Order and converted into a church. In the next year the City Gaol replaced the old edifice in Mary Street, which had fallen into decay. It stands on the site of the old Deanery House and garden. The County Gaol, near the Cork road, was begun in 1817 and completed in 1821, at a cost of £23,000. A tower built of hewn stone forms the centre of the whole. It has ten sides, and is sixty feet in height. Five ranges of buildings extend from the tower in which are the cells. The whole is surrounded by a wall twenty feet in height, and two and a-half thick, and outside the

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 51

As the companion tells it

As you come through Limerick, the County Courthouse stands among the city's older buildings. It was founded in 1808 and ready for business in the summer of 1810. It is a quadrangular building of hewn limestone with a Doric portico of four massive columns. The architects, Nicholas and William Hannon, were natives of the county. The same period saw a Theatre erected in George Street, which not proving a success was purchased by the Augustinian Order and converted into a church. The next year the City Gaol replaced the old edifice in Mary Street, which had fallen into decay. It stands on the site of the old Deanery House and garden. The County Gaol near the Cork road was begun in 1817 and completed in 1821 at a cost of £23,000. A tower of hewn stone forms the centre, ten-sided and sixty feet high. Five ranges of buildings extend from it containing the cells, the whole surrounded by a wall twenty feet high and two and a half thick.

Cratloe woods and the Spanish Armada ships

Cratloe · town · Clare

The dark woods of Cratloe are remnants of ancient oak forests. According to the text, timber from these forests was used to construct the ships that destroyed the Spanish Armada.

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The view from the summit of the castle is very extensive, embracing the greater part of the County Limerick, with portions of Clare and Tipperary. Par to the west may be observed the estuary of the Fergus, diminished by perspective to a silver thread and above it the hills extending inland from Kilrush and terminating with the broad flat summit of Mount Callan, their highest point. On the opposite shore are " Bunratty's royal walls," founded by de Clare in 1272. The castle is now a police barrack. On the Clare hills are the dark woods of Cratloe, the remnants of the ancient oak forests, whose timbers constructed the ships which destroyed the Spanish Armada. In summer time the white tents of the encampment on Woodcock hill stand out clear against the heathery back ground. The course of the Shannon can be traced up to the towers and spires of Limerick, conspicuous amongst Avhich are the dark massive turrets, of St. Mary's Cathedral, the tall slender shaft of

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 75

Danes waste shores of Lough Corrib

Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway · 927

In 927 the Danes of Limerick took possession of Lough Corrib and wasted its shores, but shortly afterwards suffered a defeat from the men of Connaught.

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Cormac and most of his chiefs fell in battle, with Flann, head of the Southern Hy Nials, in the year 903, and the incursions of the Danes, now reinforced by many of their countrymen, became more fierce than ever, In 920 an expedition from Limerick sailed up the Shannon, laid waste and plundered Clonmacnois and Inis-Cealtra, or Holv Island, in Lough Derg, ravaged the neighbourhood, and returned laden with great spoils. Contentions arose between the Danes of Dublin and Limerick, in which the latter were victorious. In 927 they took possession of Lough Corrib, whose shores they wasted ; but shortly afterwards they suffered a defeat from the men of Connaught, near Lough Ree. In 931, under Amlav, the Danes of Limerick ravaged Gal way, having defeated the Irish chiefs with
8 limerick: under the danes.

Internet Archive limerickitssiege00dowd, Chapter 4

Limerick and its sieges

The stories, best first

Williamite battering train camps at Ballyneety castle

Donogh O'Brien meets Lord James Butler at Adare

Limerick Militia subdues great fire in Youghal

Danes establish colony at King's Island, Limerick

Danes plunder Clonmacnoise and Holy Island

Ginkle builds a battery at Corbally

Ireton's entrenched camp lines on King's Island

Limerick Lace manufacture introduced 1829

Limerick Militia at Carrick-on-Shannon during Castlebar defeat

Mungret Abbey burned by Danes and Irish raiders

Bianconi coach line between Clonmel and Limerick 1815

Breach made in walls near St. John's Gate

Dutch Blue Guards and Danish contingent open cannonade at Singland

Irish royalists factional disputes at Limerick

King John's Castle as military shelter

Lanier attempts to intercept Sarsfield at Killaloe

Limerick Militia reaches Sligo ahead of French advance

Mungret Abbey's six churches and fifteen hundred religious

Russell flour mills at Newtown Pery and multiple sites 1827

Siege guns bombard the Irish town of Limerick

St. Peter's Cell nunnery founded by Donald O'Brien

Battle of Knocknanus near Kanturk

Danes traverse Connaught to Boyle

Duke of Tyrconnell dies opposite King John's Castle

English army gains heights at Singland overlooking Limerick

Gold crown found in Camp Field, 1821

Lace Factory at Bank Place

Sarsfield's raiders depart under rapparee Hogan's guidance

Breach made near the Dominican Abbey

Chain Rock at Kilquane marks Shannon crossing point

Irish army fortified at Killaloe on the Shannon

Military barracks built in monastery grounds

Sarsfield halts his troopers at Keeper Hill

Siege and surrender of Ballymore Castle

St. Patrick's well and bed at Singland

Danes of Limerick ravage Galway

King John's Castle, Limerick

O'Connell statue in the Crescent

Royal Standard pillar and King William's Well

Sarsfield inherits family estate near Lucan

Whittamore's Castle, Sarsfield's reputed quarters

St. Patrick's vision, well, and rocky bed on heights above Limerick

Brigadier Stewart captures Castleconnell

Bunratty Castle twice besieged in the 1640s

City walls of Limerick described

Cruise's Hotel and Daniel O'Connell

English army advances from Cahirconlish to Limerick

Founding of Barrington's Hospital

Franciscan Abbey founded by William de Burgho

Ireton reduces Kilmallock and Castleconnell

Irish entrench at Killaloe and Annabeg, break O'Brien's Bridge

Irish forces make stand on narrow road before Limerick

Ormond surrenders Dublin to Parliament

St. Patrick baptises Carthen at Singland

Lickadoon Castle, O'Hurley seat and 1600 garrison

Patrick Sarsfield statue in Limerick

Corkanree embankment and Spillane tower 1870

County Courthouse built 1808-1810 with Doric portico

Cratloe woods and the Spanish Armada ships

Danes waste shores of Lough Corrib