The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Loughanmore loughlet in Ballymascanlon

   Loughanmore · townland · Louth

   A little circular loughlet in Ballymascanlon parish gives its name to the townland of Loughanmore and is noted for possessing some features of beauty.

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   acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 6,339 ; in 1841, 6,674. Houses 1,159. Pop. of the Lower Dundalk section, in 1841. 6,565. Houses 1,137. A range of mountains extends about 7^ miles north and south, and occupies nearly half the area; but, excepting one summit called Carraquet, the range has no particular name. It is all salubrious, affords tolerable summer pasture, and varies in value from 5s. to 30s. per plantation acre. The rest of the area is low ground ; all, excepting about 200 acres of meadow, regularly subject to tillage ; and worth, per plantation acre, from 30s. to £3. Bogs are aggregately of very trivial extent. The rivulet Flurry bisects the interior south-eastward to fall into the sea at Dundalk. A little circular loughlet gives the name of Loughanmore to the townland in which it lies, and possesses some features of beauty. Limestone abounds and is quarried ; and iron ore is supposed to be plentiful in the uplands. The interior is traversed by both the old and the new roads from Dublin to Belfast, and by both the trunk and the ramifications of the road from Carlingford to Newry. Within the parochial limits are the village of Ravensdale, and the demesnes and mansions of Ravensdale and Ravensdale Park. See Ratenb- DALE. Other seats are numerous; but, excepting Bally mascanlon-house, the seat of J. W. M*Neale, Esq., they are noticeable only in the aggregate. Two bleach-greens, a small starch manufactory, and about 50 or 60 looms, sum up the chief means of manufacturing produce. A disnensary in the parish is within the Dundalk Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it received and expended £72 13s., and administered to 814 patients. The antiquities are the remains of an old church on Foughart hill, the remains of an old castle at Ballymascanlon, several raths or Danish forts, and a pensile monument, consisting of three great pillars and a ponderous impost, and called the Giant's Load. One of the raths is noticed in the following terms bjjr Dr. Ledwich : " On the lands of Ballymascanlon, in the countv of Louth, is a large rath, and on it a great stone, having in the centre a cross with four smaller ones. About 30 yards from the rath is an entrance into a cave running under the rath, but it has not been explored. Tradition calls this the tomb of MacScanlan. One of that name was king of Fignitie, and had a great battle with the Gauls, a. d. 833. Whether Fignitie was Ballymascanlon is not easv to determine: however, the stone with crosses and the cave show a compound of Christian and pagan ideas similar to that at New Grange ; and hence I am led to conclude, from the substructure of the latter, that it was the work of semi-Christian Ostmen of the 9th century." — This parish was anciently a lordship of the abbey of MelUfbnt; and its rectorial tithes belonged to that abbey's community. It is now tithe free, and wholly impropriate ; and it forms a perpetual curacy and separate benefice, in the dio. bf Armagh. The impropriators are the representatives of Sir H. J. Goodricke. Bart. ; and toev pay the curate £18 9s. 2id. of salary,— who also has £73 18s. from Boulter's Fund, and a glebe worth £30. Gross income, £122 7s. 2id. ; nett, £105 14s. djd. Patrons, the impropriators. The church is old and of unknown date; but was enhirged in 1821, bv means of a loan of £507 13s. lO^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300; attendance, 50 in winter, 90 in summer. The church of Fau^hart is within the border of Ballymascanlon ; yet wOl more properly be noticed in the article on its own parish. Two Roman Catholic chapels at Dolargy and Redmont are included in one parochial arrangement, and have attendances, the former of from 8U0 to 9UUli and the latter of 600. A Roman Catholic chapel at

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

2. Lough Currane at Ballinaskelligs Bay

   Lough Currane · lake or lakes · Kerry

   Lough Currane on the coast of Ballinaskelligs Bay in County Kerry has a mingled character of moorishness and mountain might.

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   Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

3. Low, bluff coast between Kinnasharragh and Aughris Head

   Aughris Head · promontory · Sligo

   The coastal line from Kinnasharragh Point to Aughris Head measures 12 miles east by southward. Along this stretch, it coincides with five miles of low, bluff, and unindented coastline.

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   ttie enhance of the bay of Lackan ; a line from Benwee-Qivraun to Kinnasharragh Point extends east by northward, measures 7^ miles, and passes across the entrance of KiUalla bay ; a line from Kinnasharragh Point to Aughris Head, extends east by southward, measures 12 miles, coincides with 5^ miles of low, bluff, unindented coast, and then places the remainder of the shore, all of the same character, at the mean distance of about a mile to the south ; a line from Aughris Head to Lackmeeltan Point, extends north-eastward, measures 6^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Sligo bay ; and two lines from Lackmeeltan Point to respectively Carrigan Head and Teelin Head may both be regarded as passing across the entrance of Donegal bay, — the former extending 17^ milea in the direction of due north, and the latter 21^ miles in that of north by west.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 5

4. Medicine costs at Enfield and Trim dispensaries

   Innfield · town · Meath · 1839

   Despite being in the immediate vicinity of each other in County Meath, the dispensaries at Enfield and Trim had significantly different medicine costs per patient relieved.

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   •abeeripiionB, coanty grants, and a portion of the fines imposed at petty-sessions. In 1832 and 1833, the mean annual amount of subscriptions to them was £25,448 ; and, in 1839, it was £34,604. la 1888 Mid 1833, the mean annual amount of oonnty grants to them was £25,016 ; and, in 1839, it WM i^34,060. Many of the dispensaries keep a fuH registration of patients ; but others register naitj the number of dispensations of medicine. The dispensaries are usually managed by sub- •oritars of one guinea or upwards, or by five or more of these elected by the others. In 1832 aad 1833, the arerage number of dispensary cases is reported at 1,139,150, and in 1836-1838, at 1,210,143 : but, in consequence of the imperfect state of the registration, these totals must greatly exceed the actual number ef patients. In 1839, there was, in the county of Meath, one dispensary to a population of 6,545 ; in co. Dublin, to 6,286; in co. Kildare, to 7,228 ; in co. Down, to 23,468 ; in co. Longford, to 22,511 ; in co. Leitrira, to 20,218 ; and in co. Sligo, to 19,176. In the other counties, the proportion varied between these extremes ; and throughout Ireland, the mean average was one dispensary to 13,520. The difference among counties, however, wa6 even lesa than the difference among districts of the same county. In co. Down, for example, the Eilkeel di^>en8ary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Donaghadee one to 4^ per cent, while the Seaford one afforded it to 35 per cent. ; and in co. Armagh, the Bellatram dispen^ sary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Seagoe one to 9^ per cent., while the Fortadown and the Forkhill dispensaries afforded it to respectively 44 and 50 per cent. At MoBalea, in oo. Wettmeath, the surgeon*s salary was equal to lO^d. p2r head on the population of tke district; at Ballinaoary, is the same county, to l§d. ; at Durrow, in the Abbeyleix Poor-law union, to 8|d. ; and at MountmeUick, to l^d. At Kilkeel in co. Down, the average cost of medidue was 2s. 5d. per every patient relieved ; at Castlewellan, it was 3|d. ; at Enfield, in co. Heath, it was 8d. ; and at Trim, in the immediate vicinity of Enfield, it was l|d.— About 12 of the fever hospitals of Ireland are county institutions, entirely supported by county grants, — the ma^rimum of which is fixed at £500 per annum ; but the remainder are district institutions like the dispensaries, and intended for one or more parishes, or for baronies or half-baronies. *^ The county authorities are empowered to present any sum not exceeding double the amount of the subscriptions obtained within the year, or since the last presentment. This maximum amount is in some counties freely granted ; but in others a much smaller sum is invariably presented. The Doblin fever hospitals are supported in a different manner from those in different parts of the country : that in Ck)rk-street is maintained by a large annual parliamentary grant with the ad* diiion ef some subscription ; the Hardwick fever hospital, and the fever wards of the Meath hoifital, are supported entirely by the former means. The funds for a few of the fever hospitals ace fupplied entirely by private individuals : thus the Primate supports the Armagh fever hospitals, and Lord Middleton one in the western part of the same county. A large annual donation fimn the Marquis of Hertford, added to a vohintary assessment on his property in the county of AsCrim, constitutes the means of supporting that at Lisburn. The governors of fever hospitals obtain advances from government through the intervention of the General Board of Health for Xreland, where a local board of health is formed in the vicinity of such hospitals. In other initanres these local boards of health disburse the whole of the funds obtained from government, wbikt the governors of the fever hospital support in the usual manner. In either case the famdM advanced by government are repaid by an assessment upon the county at large." In 1833, the fever hospitals amounted to 70, and were supported or aided with .£13,268 from county grants, mad £7,543 from subscription ; and, in 183D, they amounted to 90, and were supported or aided with £22,072 15s. 2d. from county grants, and £7,168 Ds. 8W. from subscription. The fever hospitals are usually managed by a corporation, or by a committee of subscribers ; they generally keep an accurate registration of patients ; and they usually admit cases of contagious disease cither from aU parts of a county on the recommendation of a magistrate, a governor, or a suhscriber, or frx>m all parts of a district on the order of a subscriber, — though some admit cases upon the mere application of the patients or their friends. — Infirmaries are intended for patients icsding in any part of their respective counties or cities ; and they afford relief to them under the classification of intern and extern. Severe casualties and all serious surgical and medical cases, not affected with supposed incurable or contagious diseases, are admissable as interns ; those of a ha serious nature are attended as extems, — that is, they are prescribed for, and obtain medicine tt the surgery. No domiciliary attendance on the extems is expected of the surgeon, even in t'/wns which have no dispensary. The funds for the eupport of the infirmaries are obtained from cjunty presentments, government grants, petty-sessions fines, and private subscriptions and donations. A grand jury, previous to 1836, could not grant more to an infirmary than £600 per uuuun ; but since that date, it may grant £1,400 for the institution itself, and £100 Irish for its surgeon's salary. In 1830, the number of infirmaries was 31) ; and, in 1833, they received £16,946 frwn county grants, and £4,500 from subscriptions and donations, — in 1830, £25,362 4s. 7d. from

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 95

5. Mountainous Kerry parish with seats Durreen and Mount-Eagle

   Ballincuslane · parish · Kerry

   Ballincuslane parish in Kerry is prevailingly mountainous, used either as waste or pasture, though it contains much excellent land. The principal seats are Durreen and Mount-Eagle, and a room procured for the purpose serves as the parochial place of worship.

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   BALLINCUSLANE, or Balltcuslane, a parish on the eastern border of the barony of Truchenackmy, and of co. Kerry, and 9^ miles northwest of Mill-street, Munster. Lengfth, 12} miles ; breadth, 5^; area, 39,740 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,701 ; in 1841, 5,701. Ho«ises 9*27. Though the surface contains much excellent land, it is prevailingly mountainous, and either waste or pastoral. It declines on the east to the nascent Black water ; it is ploughed on the west by several head-waters of the streams which flow to Castlemain Harbour ; and it is traversed south-eastward by the road from Castle-lsland to Mill-street. The seats are Durreen and Mount- Eagle This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and previous to 1832, it formed part of the benefice of Castle- Island. Tithe composition and gross income, Jt'460 12s. 7d. ; nett, £382 7s. Patrons, H. A. Herbert, Esq. of IVIucross. W. T. Crosbie, Eeq. of Ardfert Abbey, W. Meredith, Esq. of Dicksgrove, Jiord Headiy, J. Townsend, Esq. of Castletownsend, Berkeley Drummond, Esq. of London, and C. Fairfield, Esq. of Tralee. A room procured for the purpose is used as the parochial place of worship. The Roman Catholic chapel has an officiate for itself, and an attendance of 2,500. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 92, and the Roman Catholics to 4.935; and there were 6 hedge-schools. In 1840, a National school at Knockatee had on its books 71 boys and 21 girls, and was aided with £\0 a-year from the Board.

   BALLINDAOGIN, a Roman Catholic parish in the county of Wexford, and in the dio. of Ferns, Leinster. Post-town, Enniscorthy. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 151

6. Nephin: the monarch mountain of Mayo

   Nephin · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

   Nephin is described as the 'monarch mountain' and the most gigantic of the mountains visible from Ballina. Its dome rises over the wild and lofty uplands of Erris to the west of the town.

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   BALLINA, a post, market, and sea-port town, in the parish of Kilmoremoy, and barony of Tyrawley, CO. Mayo, Connaught. It stands on the left bank of the river Moy, 5 mile» south of the point where that stream begins to expand into Killalla bay, 9 miles north of Foxford, 29 miles west-south-west of Sligo, 54 north-west of Tulsk, and 116 from Dublin by way of Bovle and Banada, 118} by way of Longford and Ballaghadireen, and 12(^ by way of Boyle and Ballysadare. On approaching it trom Banada, and clearing the glen of Lough Talt, the traveller gradually opens the dismal waste of bog around the north base of the Lurgan hills ; but on advancing, he descries nearly the whole of the vast expanse of plain from Ballma to Sligo, intersected and wooed along the north by the arms and bosom of the Atlantic ocean, screened on the south by tbo Lurgan hills, overhung on the west by the wild and lofty uplands of Erris, climbing away to the dome of the monarch mountain Nepbin, and both variegated and embellished on the east by fertile, cultivated, and picturesque hills which blend ivith the mural eliffs of Benbulben. The approach by way of Ballaghadireen and Foxford leads almost uniformly through a poor, moorish, dreary country, and offers little relief to the eye till the banks of the Moy are reached in the immediate vicinity of the town. The approach by way of Ballysadare, or from Sligo and Ulster, conducts for a great distance along an alternation of brief fairy ^pots and large sheets of semiwilderness ; but, to adopt the words of Mr. Eraser, *' Within five miles of Hallina, we pass, at about a mile from the road, Cottlestown, the old seat of CoL Kirkwood, and, at two miles, close on the shore, and near the singularly formed and extensive range* of sand hills which are clustered about the mouth of the Moy, are Scurmore and Moy view cottages, the latter the occasional residence of the Hon. Col. Wingfield. The arid sand hills, partially covered with sea-bent, and tenanted only by rabbits and seabirds, while they are highly injurious to the navigation of the Moy, break and diversify its lucid waters, and, from their picturesque outlines, add much to the beauty of Moyview and Scurmore, and several other villas along this part of the coast. * * As we approach Ballina, the aspect of the country improves, the extensive plantations of Belleek Manor, the seat of Col. Knox Gore, crowning the left bankjt of the Moy, and emlio^^oming his modern beautiful Elizabethan mansion ; Belleek-castle, the residence of Edward Ilowley, E»q., which tops the Knoll overhanging the river; the Moy, one of the finest of our rivers, with its ample and picturesque tributary, the Bunree, ru>hing over its rocky bed ; the spacious bridges, with their broad avenues ; the town rising, on the opi>osite banks of the river, with Nephin, tho mo&t gigantic of our mountains, — are all seen in succession, and fully recompense us for the bleak unwooded bcene we have ju^t traversed.'*

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

7. Old church and castle of Rosconnell

   Rosconnell · parish · Laois

   In the vicinity of Ballinakill are the old church and castle of Rosconnell, noted as antiquities of the area.

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   BALLINAKILL, a market and post town, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the parish of Dysert-Gallen, and on the southern verge of the barony of CuUinagh and of Queen's cot, Leinster. U stands in the midst of a fertile plain, 2 miles east of the river Nore, 3 south-east of Abbey]eix> and 52 j south-west by south of Dublin by way of Abbeyleix, but only 50 by way of Timahoe. The parishehurch, situated in the town, is a modern edifice, and sends aloft a spire which figures conspicuously in t-he landscape of the environing plain. The Roman Catholic chapel is a spacious structure. The military bar^-ack has accommodation for two troops of cavalry. The dispensary is within the Abbpyleix Poor-law union v and in ]839i it received £91 6s., ex{>ended £88 10s., administered td 1,100 patients, and served for a district containing 6,375 patients. Two schools, the one for boys and the other for girls, are supported by subscriptions and by the National Board. The castle of BalUnakill was besieged by Fairfax, battered by him from -an adjoining height in Heywood demesne, bravely defended by its garrison, but eventually taken and destroyed. A secondcastle was erected by the Dunns in 1680; but it was never inhabited, and now exists in ruin. Heywood,. tJie property of M. F. Trench, Esq*, is a< beautiful demesne, flinging up odours and ornament over the town, and 'Mong remarkable for the taste and skill displayed in its formation, and the care bestowed on its subsequent management. " In the vicinity are the old church and castle of Rosconnell At the commencement of the present century, the town had a brewery, 3 tanjrards, and some small woollen factories; and, being then the only market-town in CuUinagh, it had a brisk trade in grain, and was a place where ** a competition amongst the buyers inhured the fairest price to the farmer." But it has sadly declined, and is still declining. Its woollen manufacture is not far from l>eing extinct; a weekly market, which was held on Wednesday, has long been diacontiuued ; and a weekly market on Saturday,

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

8. Parish church on Ballyshannon hill

   Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

   The parish church of Ballyshannon is an old building occupying the summit of the hill on the west side of the town. Roman Catholic chapels and a Presbyterian meeting-house are also noted but described as having no architectural pretensions.

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   at the end of the bridge, deflects slightly from the direction of right angles with the course of the river, soon expands into a spacious triangular area, and then forks into two streets which have a curving course, and which send off the thoroughfares to Donegal and Abbey Island in a combination of deflection and curvature. Alleys and subordinate streets so far wing the chief streets as to render the breadth and length of the main body of the town, respectively about 380 and 450 yards. But a great part of this area is both incompactly and most irregularly edificed ; and the whole town is destitute of the taste which might have rendered the peculiar character of its site not a little conducive to comfort and beauty. The parish-church is an old building, and surmounts the summit of the hill on the west side of the town. One Roman Catholic chapel stands east of the eastern line of the principal street; and another stands on the borough boundary- line on the south side of Purt. But these buildings, and a Presbyterian meeting-house, and some schools, have no architectural pretensions ; and, as to their statistics, they will be noticed in the articles Kilbarron and Innismacsaint. The market-house and the sessions-house constitute one building, and stand in a central position. A barrack is generally occupied as a depot by part of an infantry regiment.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

9. Peculiar revenue usages in Waterford, Kildare, and Leighlin

   Waterford · city · Waterford

   The ecclesiastical chapters of Waterford, Kildare, and Leighlin each have peculiar and distinct usages regarding how their corporate revenues are applied. This sets them apart from other cathedral chapters in Ireland.

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   precentors, chancellors, treasurers, and archdeacons, varies in different chapters ; and the offices of dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon, are usually styled dignities, though only such of them are legally so as have annexed to them ecclesiastical jurisdiction. In the chapters of Tuam, Derry, Baphoe, and Clonfert, there is neither precentor, chancellor, nor treasurer ; in those of Elphin, Killalla, and Achonry, there is neither chancellor nor treasurer; in those of Clogher and Emly, there is no treasurer ; in those of Kildare and Waterford, the archdeacons are not members of the chapters ; in those of Tuam and Kilmacduagh, there is a provost ; in that of Clonfert, there is a sacrist or sacristan ; in those of Waterford, Ardfert, and Kilfenora, there are no prebendaries ; in that of KiUaloe, there are no prebendaries, though 7 are in the diocese ; in that of Kildare, there are 4 canons but no prebendaries, though 8 of the latter are in the diocese. The chapters of Waterford, Kildare, and Leighlin have peculiar though quite different usages with respect to the application of their corporate revenues ; the chapters of Clogher, Connor, Dromore, Raphoe, Ferns, Ardfert, Kilfenora, Clonfert, Elphin, Kilmacduagh, Killftlla^ and Achonry, have no corporate revenues ; and the chapters of Armagh, Christ-church-Dublin, St. Patrick V Dublin, Down, Leighlin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Cashel, Emly, Waterford, Lismore, limerick, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, Killaloe, and Tuam, have economy estates, whose proceeds are applied to the maintenance of the fabric and the officers of the cathedrals. Corporations of minor canons exist in the cathedrals of St. Patrick*s-Dublin, and Ardfert, for the purpose of duly maintaining cathedral service ; and corporations of vicars choral exist in the cathedrals of Armagh, Christ-church- Dublin, St. Patrick's-Dublin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Limerick, Cashel, Lismore, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, and Tuam, for the purpose of the due performance of choral services.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 90

10. Primate Robinson's shambles in Armagh

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    The shambles (meat market) in Armagh were constructed by Primate Robinson and described as a proper erection of their kind, adapted jointly to convenience, cleanliness, and utility.

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    Other Public B«»Wiatf«.]^The barracks, situated on the Belfiist or Richhill road, 200 yards east of the gaol, are a neat erection of their class, welldesigned, occupying an extensive and suitably enclosed area, and standing on a fine open eminence in full view of the contiguous prison — The shambles, constructed by Primate Robinson, are a proper erection of their kind, and adapted jointly to convenience, cleanliness, and utility. A market-house was built by Primate Bolton, but appears never to have been quite finished, and, at the commencement of the present century, was a ruin. Betweoi it and the cathedral, and in the area of the marketplace, stood an antique mutilated market-croaa, curiously but rwlely sculptured, and thus described in 1803 by Sir Charles Coote :— " It appears that the top of the cross has been damaged ; the symbolic subject is Christ's crucifixion between the F

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 136

11. Primitive mountain group on the Antrim coast

    near Antrim · town · Antrim

    A small but highly interesting primitive mountain group exists on the north-east coast of County Antrim. It is identified as one of several distinct primitive rock districts found near the coasts of Ireland.

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    Several great districts of primitive or transition rocks occur near the coasts, and are separated from one another by intervening fields of the secondary limestone series. An extensive one of these districts is primitive, and constitutes the greater part of the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, and Tyrone ; a second is likewise primitive, and consists of a small and highly interesting mountain group, on the north-east coast of the county of Antrim ; and the third is also primitive, and, besides occupying the western coasts of the counties of Galway and Mayo, extends, in a north-easterly direction, into the counties of Sligo and Leitrim. The crystalline or igneous rocks of these three districts are granite; sienite, greenstone, and greenstone porphyry ; and the sedimentary rocks are mica slate, shining slate, quartz rock, and primitive limestone, all regularly stratified, and, in general, though far from uniformly, ranging north-east and south-west. A fourth and grsat district, partly primitive, but chiefly transition, constitutes considerable portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan, Louth, Meath, Longford, and Roscommon. "This n ^rthern district is most probably a prolongation of the grey wacke district of Scotland, which commences at St. Abb's Head on the frith of Forth, and extends, in a south-western direction, across the country to Portpatrick on the west coast ; it appears again at Donaghadee on the east coast of Ireland, and continues in the same direction to Caimclonhugh mountain in co. Longford. Tue rocks contained in this district consist of greywacke slate, fossil clay slate, flint slate, chlorite •bte ; and in the neighbourhood of the granite district of hornblende slate, schistose porphyry, and a variety of other metamorphic rocks, having structures intermediate between sedimentary and crystalline, which it is impossible to designate by any precise name. In addition to the foregoing, the district contains the following decidedly crystalline or igneous rocks, — viz., in great masses granite, sienitic granite, greenstone porphyry, clay porphyry, — in dykes, trap, pitch stone, and porphyry." A fifth district extends through the counties of Kildare, Wicklow, Wexford, and Kilkenny : and, except that beds of mica slate occur in the vicinity of granite, its rocks are very timilar to those of the preceding district.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

12. Redoubt at Ballinamult

    Ballynamult · townland · Waterford

    Ballinamult stands on the river Phenisk amidst a mountainous and boggy tract, about 9½ miles south-by-west of Clonmel on the road to Lismore. Dr. Smith records a redoubt there capable of holding about 20 men.

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    BALLINAMULT. a village in the parish of Seskinane, barony of Decies-without-Drum, co. Waterford, Muster. It stands on the river Phenisk, amidst a mountainous and boggy tract of country, about 9^ miles south by west of Clonmel, on the road thence to Lismore. Here, says Dr. Smith, •* is a redoubt for about 20 men."

    BALLINAMULTINA, a demesne, and a locality where good slates have been quarried, in the parish of Clashmore, barony of Decies-within-Drum, CO. Waterford, Munster.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

13. Ruined church and old cemetery at Balsoon

    Balsoon · townland · Meath

    The parish church of Balsoon, co. Meath, is an utter ruin standing in the midst of an old cemetery. The parish lies along the right bank of the Boyne and consists of good land.

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    BALSGON, a parish in the barony of Lower Deece, 4^ miles east-north-east of Trim, co. Meath, Leinster. Length, 1 4 mile; breadth, 1 ; area, 1,269 acres. Pop., in 1831, 311 ; in 1841, 340. Houses 61. The surface lies along the right bank of the Boyne, and consists of good land. Balsoon demesne is somewhat antiquated. Archbishop Usher resided and had property in the parish. The village of Bective Bridge [see that article], stands on the western frontier. — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of Assey, in the dio. of Meath. See Asset. Tithe composition, £69 4s. 7d. ; glebe, £5 12s 6d. The church is an utter ruin, in the midst of an old cemetery. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 7f and the Roman Catholics to 313.; «nd there was no school.

    BALTEAGH (The;, a rivulet of the barony of Kcnaught, co. Lotidotiderry, Ulster. It rises to the south of Boyd's Mountain, about 1^ mile north-west of the source of the Agivey, one of the principal affluents of the lower Bann ; and it runs 7 miles north-westward to a confluence with the Roe, at a point 2 miles below Newtownhmavaddy. Its bed is in part a calcareous freestone.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

14. Ruined parish church at Baldoyle

    Baldoyle · townland · Dublin

    The parish church of Baldoyle, standing about a mile from the village, is described as an utter ruin though picturesque. A Roman Catholic chapel stands in the village itself, while the old church has fallen to decay.

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    pearance ; and U much frequented in summer as a marine watering[-p1ace. Little trade exists. Its harbour is nearly dry ; admits boats only before last quarter flood ; and experiences an average tidal rise of about 12 feet. Yet there are f^ood landing-places, with conveniences for drying neU ; and a few wherries and $:ma(*ks employ about 100 men in the fisheries. The Roman Catholic chapel stands in the village ; and the parish-church, now an utter ruin, though picturoiique, stands about a mile distant. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,009 ;

    in 1841, 835. Homes 163 This parish is a curacy

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

15. Series of bogs around Castlerea in County Roscommon

    Castlerea · town · Roscommon

    A series of interconnected bogs including Ballindrimly, Cloonree, Cloonfower, Loughglyn, and others extends from near Castlerea northward, covering over 6,700 acres. The bogs are interspersed with fertile islands and vales and drained by head-streams of the Lung and Suck rivers.

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    BALLINDRIMLY, one of a teriei of bogs in the barony of Castlerea, co. Roscommon, Connaught. The other bogs of the series are those of Cloonree, Cloonfower, Loughglyn, Breanamore, Drummin, and some of minor importance. The series commences about 1^ mile north of Castlerea, and extends northward to the immediate vicinity of Loughglyn ; it is bounded on the south-west by the road from Cloonallie, by Cloonfower, to Carrowbeatry ; and it comprehends an area of 6,725 acres, 3 roods, 34 perches, English. It is drained in the northern section by a head-stream of the river Lung, and in the southern and larger section^ by two confluent head-streams of the river Suck ; and it is interspersed with consider^ able high fertile islands, and with vales and cusbes, traversed by the main streams and their tiny affluents. Almost every swell and knoll, both in the interior and in the vicinity, except on the lands of Breanamore, furnishes a store of manuring gravel. Estimated cost of reclamation, £14,118 16s. S^A.

    BAL LINE A, a village in the parish of MuUingar, barony of Moyashel and Magheradernan, co. Westmeath, Leinster. Pop. in 1831, 109.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 151

16. Shane's Castle retains surviving natural wood

    Shane's Castle · townland · Antrim

    Shane's Castle is one of the few places in County Antrim where natural woodland has survived the axe, standing as an exception to the general loss of native forest across the county.

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    Woods.2 — The great natural woods of Portmore, and those of the great and little parks of Glenarm, have long ceased to be the boast of their districts. Excepting on the grounds of Shane's Castle, and on the escarpments of hills, and along the banks of the more picturesque streams, natural wood has almost everywhere fallen beneath the axe of the Vandal improver, or the short-sighted economist of the passing hour's gains. Yet the vacuum in sylvan adornment has been far more than filled by a liberal and well-directed spirit of planting. Most of the numerous resident landowners, and even some of the farmers, walked upwards of thirty or even forty years ago, athwart extensive naked tracts, and clothed them in young forest. A great part of Massarene, and of the southern sections of Antrim and Toome, has a finely wooded aspect. The valleys of the Six-mile- Water and the Broad, present much sylvan embellishment. The whole extent of alternately undulating and level plain from Lisburn to Carrickfergus, is rich in sheets and clumps and rows of plantation. Around Castle- Dobbs and Ballyhill are noble masses of trees ; at Redhall and Rilwalter are expanses of newer wood, superintended by numerous veterans of the forest ; at Leslie-hill, are very extensive plantations ; and around the castle of Glenarm are crowds of trees, both rare and noble. On the whole, the county of Antrim has made as rapid advances in plantation-improvement as probably any other county in Ireland. In 1841, the county contained, in planted trees, 63 acres of oak, 211 of ash, ISO of elm, 26 of beech, 462 of fir, 8,063 of mixed plantations, and 1,403 of orchards, — in all, 10,358 acres ; and the proportions of these woods which were planted previous to 1791, are 35 acres of oak, 4 of ash, 99 of elm, 11 of beech, 17 of fir, 1,256 of mixed plantations, and 202 of orchards. But, in 1841, there existed, in addition to the planted woods, 602,826 detached trees, equivalent in extent to 3,768 acres, and making the grand total of plantations 14,126 acres.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 116

17. Shelton demesne of the Earl of Wicklow

    Shelton · townland · Wicklow

    The demesne of Shelton, belonging to the Earl of Wicklow, lies just outside the Arklow parish boundary but significantly enhances the local scenery. Its proximity contributes exulting features to the surrounding landscape.

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    southern extremity of the barony of Arklow, to, Wicklow, Leinster. It contains the town of Arklow: see next article. Length and breadth, each 3^ miles; area, 8,127 acres. Pop., in 1831, 6,511 ; in 1841, 6,236. Houses 1,026. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,128; in 1841, 2,963. Houses 502. Three of its most renaarkable objects are the magnificent river Ovoca, which drains it south-eastward to the sea ; the noble, castellated and woodenvironed mansion of Glenart, which adorns the bank of that stream ; and the auriferous mountain Croghan, which shoots up on the boundary with ca Wexford. See OvocA, Glenart, and Croghan. Shelton, the demesne of the Earl of Wicklow, though not within the parish, extends close along its boundary, and contributes exulting features to its scenery. See Shelton. Ballyrane-house, within a mile of the town of Arklow, commands a fine view of the seaboard and the ocean. Lambarton-house, about halfa-mile south of the town, overlooks an exquisite fore and middle ground of wood and hill and sea, with the magnificent mountain-range around Lugnaquilla in the perspective. Emma- Vale, a mansion I ^ mile west of the town, has fine plantations of its own, and looks out upon a wooded expanse of 800 acres around Kilcarra. Emoolew, a lodge on the south side of the town, vies with Lambarton in its view of sea and mountain. Cooladangan, near the boundary with CO. Wexford, is a comfortable and well-sheltered seat. The scenery of the parish, whether that within its own limits, or that beheld from its vantagegrounds, or that constituted by the blending of the two, is full of character, rich in beauty, and imposing in power; but, in its principal groupings, will be noticed in separate articles, — chiefly Ballt Arthur, and those already noted. The vale of the Ovoca, with its flanking hills and lateral glens and mountain and sea perspectives, is such a natural picture gallery in itself that its contents, in order to be estimated, must be seen piece by piece. Elsewhere, the parochial surface varies, in the very prodigality of landscape, from the Alpine height, to the flat band of sea-beach or alluvium. From Croghan, whose summit soars 2,044 feet above sea-level, the ground rolls fitfully down to the shore, picturesquely contoured in height and hollow, and starting up, immediately on the coast, in the low conical hills called the greater and the smaller Arklow rocks. The soil of the parish is partly light, but prevailingly good. ^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

18. Sir Francis Drake's concealment at Drake's Pool

    Drake's Pool · minor feature · Cork

    Five warships commanded by Sir Francis Drake, closely pursued by the Spanish fleet, ran up a creek of the Annabuoy river to a place then called Tubberavoid ('the well of safe anchorage') and now called Drake's Pool. There they lay landlocked and hidden while the Spanish searched Cork harbour in vain and gave up the chase.

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    Munster. Its bead-strcams rise partly on the western boundary of Kinnalea, and partly beyond that boundary ; and the rirer runs 15 miles eastward to the bead of the Croasbaven estuary of Cork harbour, at a point about 10 miles south-east of Cork city. In consequence of its washing the village or cityabortion of Carrioaline, [see that article,] it is sometimes called the Carrigaline river. Its name of Avonbuoy, or corruptedly and popularly Annabuoy, means ' the yellow river ;' and alludes to a peculiar tinge in its waters during a freshet. Its basin extends parallel with that of the Lee ; and, in common with it, descends directly eastward toward Cork harbour. Though of considerable breadth where affected with the tide, the river is, in two or three places, easily fordable at low water, and admits of navigation only by small boats. Yet its little estuary or creek aiSbrds good anchorage for even large vessels. Five ships of war under the command of Sir Francis Drake, being closely pursued by the Spanish fleet, ran a short way up the creek to a place now called Drake's Pool, but then named Tubberavoid, * the well of safe anchorage ;' and there they lay landlocked and completely concealed, while their pursuers sailed up Cork harbour, made a vain search, and gave up the chase.

    ANNACARTHY, a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Casbel and Emiy. Post-town, Tipperary. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

19. Tuam and Kilmacduagh chapters feature a provost

    Tuam · townland · Cavan

    The cathedral chapters of Tuam and Kilmacduagh include the office of a provost. This distinguishes their ecclesiastical structure from many other dioceses in Ireland.

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    precentors, chancellors, treasurers, and archdeacons, varies in different chapters ; and the offices of dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon, are usually styled dignities, though only such of them are legally so as have annexed to them ecclesiastical jurisdiction. In the chapters of Tuam, Derry, Baphoe, and Clonfert, there is neither precentor, chancellor, nor treasurer ; in those of Elphin, Killalla, and Achonry, there is neither chancellor nor treasurer; in those of Clogher and Emly, there is no treasurer ; in those of Kildare and Waterford, the archdeacons are not members of the chapters ; in those of Tuam and Kilmacduagh, there is a provost ; in that of Clonfert, there is a sacrist or sacristan ; in those of Waterford, Ardfert, and Kilfenora, there are no prebendaries ; in that of KiUaloe, there are no prebendaries, though 7 are in the diocese ; in that of Kildare, there are 4 canons but no prebendaries, though 8 of the latter are in the diocese. The chapters of Waterford, Kildare, and Leighlin have peculiar though quite different usages with respect to the application of their corporate revenues ; the chapters of Clogher, Connor, Dromore, Raphoe, Ferns, Ardfert, Kilfenora, Clonfert, Elphin, Kilmacduagh, Killftlla^ and Achonry, have no corporate revenues ; and the chapters of Armagh, Christ-church-Dublin, St. Patrick V Dublin, Down, Leighlin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Cashel, Emly, Waterford, Lismore, limerick, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, Killaloe, and Tuam, have economy estates, whose proceeds are applied to the maintenance of the fabric and the officers of the cathedrals. Corporations of minor canons exist in the cathedrals of St. Patrick*s-Dublin, and Ardfert, for the purpose of duly maintaining cathedral service ; and corporations of vicars choral exist in the cathedrals of Armagh, Christ-church- Dublin, St. Patrick's-Dublin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Limerick, Cashel, Lismore, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, and Tuam, for the purpose of the due performance of choral services.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 90

20. Wooded plain from Lisburn to Carrickfergus

    near Lisburn · town · Antrim

    The alternately undulating and level plain extending from Lisburn to Carrickfergus is rich in sheets, clumps, and rows of plantation, reflecting the liberal planting spirit of Antrim landowners.

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    Woods.2 — The great natural woods of Portmore, and those of the great and little parks of Glenarm, have long ceased to be the boast of their districts. Excepting on the grounds of Shane's Castle, and on the escarpments of hills, and along the banks of the more picturesque streams, natural wood has almost everywhere fallen beneath the axe of the Vandal improver, or the short-sighted economist of the passing hour's gains. Yet the vacuum in sylvan adornment has been far more than filled by a liberal and well-directed spirit of planting. Most of the numerous resident landowners, and even some of the farmers, walked upwards of thirty or even forty years ago, athwart extensive naked tracts, and clothed them in young forest. A great part of Massarene, and of the southern sections of Antrim and Toome, has a finely wooded aspect. The valleys of the Six-mile- Water and the Broad, present much sylvan embellishment. The whole extent of alternately undulating and level plain from Lisburn to Carrickfergus, is rich in sheets and clumps and rows of plantation. Around Castle- Dobbs and Ballyhill are noble masses of trees ; at Redhall and Rilwalter are expanses of newer wood, superintended by numerous veterans of the forest ; at Leslie-hill, are very extensive plantations ; and around the castle of Glenarm are crowds of trees, both rare and noble. On the whole, the county of Antrim has made as rapid advances in plantation-improvement as probably any other county in Ireland. In 1841, the county contained, in planted trees, 63 acres of oak, 211 of ash, ISO of elm, 26 of beech, 462 of fir, 8,063 of mixed plantations, and 1,403 of orchards, — in all, 10,358 acres ; and the proportions of these woods which were planted previous to 1791, are 35 acres of oak, 4 of ash, 99 of elm, 11 of beech, 17 of fir, 1,256 of mixed plantations, and 202 of orchards. But, in 1841, there existed, in addition to the planted woods, 602,826 detached trees, equivalent in extent to 3,768 acres, and making the grand total of plantations 14,126 acres.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 116

21. Annaduff ancient church and abbey

    Annaduff · townland · Leitrim · 766

    The ancient church in Annaduff parish was part of an abbey traditionally said to have been founded in 766, though the author questions the reliability of this date. A newer parish church was built in 1820 near the Shannon.

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    along the western boundary ; and a small tributary of toe monarch riv«r runs southward along the east. Excepting about 250 acres of bog, the land is all arable, and of tolerably fair quality. The aspect of the country, though not more undulated, tamulated, or othermse diversified, than the pleasingly contoured yet dull and inexpressive districts around, is richer in cultivation, warmer with wood, and gayer with general embellishment ; and it borrows much wealth in the gentler properties of bndscape, from the intricate tracery of bay and creek and peninsula along the margin of the expanded Shannon. The ancient church was that of an abbey, alleged, with the usual recklessness of evidence or carelessness in phraseology, to have been founded in 766. The present church occupies a beautiful sit« near the Shannon, 5 miles south-east of Carrick-oti-Shannon

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

22. Aughrim Bog and its lakes

    Aughrim · parish · Galway

    Aughrim Bog, located north-east of the village, is a wet bog of 685 acres whose centre is nearly occupied by lakes. Mr. Griffith noted ample fall for water discharge and estimated the expense of reclaiming it at over £700.

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    AUGHRIM, a parish partly in the barony of Clonmacnoou, but chiefly in that of Kilconnel, co. Galway, Connaught. The Kilconnel section contains the village of Aughrim. Length, 3i miles ; breadth, 3. Area of the Clonmacnoon section, 2,021 acres ; of the Kilconnel section, 5,231 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,205; in 1841, 2,127. Houses 371. Pop. of the Clonmacnoon section, in 1831, 5(30 ; in 1841, 498. Houses 83. Pop. of the rural districts of the Kilconnel section, in 1831, 1,058; in 1841, 1,171. Houses 1 99. The village of Aughrim stands on the mail-road between Dublin and Galway, 29 miles east of Galway, and 3 south-west of Ballinaj*loe. Area, 47 acres. Pop., in 1831,587; in 1841, 4.58. Houses 89. In the village are a post-oflice, a dispensary, the parochial places of worship, and two or three of the parish schools. In 1839-40, the dispensary received £115 Is. 6d., expended £115 15s. 2^d., and administered to 1,701 patients. A priory is said to have been founded here, in the ISth century, for Augustinian canons, by Theobald, the first Butler of Ireland. A fair is held on Oct. 14; and in March, Sept-, and Dec. The village has a clean and comparatively snug appearance ; consists of various short streets, chiefly of cottages or cabins ; and borrows much ornament from the neat parish-church, and the embowered glebe house on its flank. Most of the land of the parish consists of light and indiflferent meadow and field pasture ; and part of this is reclaimed morass, low, flat, monotonous, and moist. Aughrim Bog, a little north-east of the village, is 1^ mile long, and comprises 685 English acres. " This bog," says Mr. Griffith, "is amongst the wettest I have ever met with, and the centre is nearly occupied with lakes; but there is ample fall for the discharge of the water, both to the north and south ;" and he estimates the expense of reclaiming it at £709 1 Is. 9d. — This parish in a rectory in the dio. of Clonfert. Tithe composition, £106 3s. Ofd. The rectories of Aughrim, Killaghton, and Kilgerril, and the vicarage of Killimore-Dalt, [see these articles,] constitute the benefice of Aughrim. Length, 5 miles ; breadth, 3. Gross income, £449 19s. 2|d. ; nett, ^'404 15s. 5|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1819, by means of a parochial assessment of £180, and a loan from the late Board of First Fruits of £1,384 12s. 3|d. Sittings 300; average attendance 150. Two meeting-houses, the one Wesleyan and the other Primitive Wesleyan, are attended by respectively 50 and 40. The Aughrim Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 550 ; and, jointly with Kilconnel chapel, is under the care of one ofliiciate. There are Roman Catholic chapels also in Killaghton and Killimore-Daly. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 336, and the Roman Catholics to 2,029 ; the Protestants of the union to 482, and the Roman Catholics to 8,566 ; a Sunday school in the parish was attended by 40 children ; and 9 daily schools in the union had on their books 412 boys and 187 girls. Three of the daily schools were m the parish ; and one of these had £26 a-year from the London Wesleyan Missionary Society, and another £8 from the rector, and a graduated allowance irom the London Hibernian Society.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

23. Ballinaclough parish and chief residences

    Ballynaclogh · townland · Tipperary · 1807

    Ballinaclough parish in co. Tipperary lies 3 miles south-east of Nenagh and is drained north-westward by a stream flowing to Lough Derg. Its chief residences are Ballinadough, Coolagh, and Delisborough, and its church was built in 1807.

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    BALLINACLOUGH, a parish in the barony of Upper Ormond, 3 miles south-east by east of Nenagh, CO. Tipperary, Munster. Length, 8 miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, 3,869 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches. Pop., in 1831, 1,140; in 1841, 1,152. Houses 162. The surface is traversed by the road from Nenngh to Borrisleagh ; and is drained north-westward by the stream which flows past Nenngh to Lough Derg. The land is, in general, of good quality. The highest ground has an altitude of 350 feet above sea level, or of 163 feet above the level of the draining stream. The chief residences are Ballinadough, Coolagh, and Delisborough This parish is a vicarage, and also a perpetual curacy, in the dio. of KiU laloe. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £78 6s. 8d. ; and the rectorial for .£156 13s. 4d. ; and the latter are impropriate, and belong to Alexander Holmes, Esq The vicarages of BalHnaclough and Terrtglass, and the rectories of Dro- BiiNEER and KiLREART [sec these articles], constitute the benefice of Ballinaclough, and the corps of the deanery of Killaloe. The parishes of the benefice are not contiguous, Dromineer being 7 miles distant from Ballinaclough and Kilkeary, and separated from them by Mount^^ea and Nenogh. Gross income, £427 Is. 8d. ; nett, £269 7s. 4d, Patron, the Crown. Two churches and two Roman Catholic chapels, are situated in the cura^ cies respectively of Ballinaclough and Terryglass. In 1834, the Protestants of the united parishes amounted to 287. the Ronan Catholics to 4,W7; and 8 daily schools had on their books 230 boys and

    136 girls The perpetual curacy of Ballinaciougk

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

24. Ballinadee parish and village near Bandon

    Ballinadee · townland · Cork

    The village of Ballinadee stands in the East Carbery section of the parish, about 3 miles east of Bandon, with a population of 228 in 1831 rising to 284 in 1841. The parish church is old and of unknown cost, with sittings for 150 and an average attendance of 50.

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    BALLINADEE, a parish, containing a village of the same name, and Iving partly in the barony of West Muskerry, but chiefly in the eastern division of the barony of East Carbery, co. Cork, Munster. Length, 4i miles ; breadth, 3J ; area, 8,334 acres,— of which 697 acres are in Muskerry. Pop., in 1831, 2,800; in 1841, 3,038. Houses 486. The surface is drained southward by the river Bandon, and consists chiefly of arable land of medium quality. The village of Ballinadee stands in the East Carbery section, about 3 miles east of Bandon. Pop., in 1831, 228; in 1841, 284. Area, 29 acres. Houses 51.— This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Ross. Tithe composition, £581 lis. 9d. The rectories of Ballinadee, KiLooBAN, Ratbdowlan, and part of Mao- LONEiGH [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Ballinadee, and the cprps of the treasurership of Cork cathedral. The parishes are not contiguous. Gross income, £688 12s. 6d. ; nett, £642 iOs. 9d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75 and the use of the glebe-house and glebe. The church is old and of unknown cost. Sittings 150; attendance 50. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 700; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is classed with the chapel of Templetrine. In 1834, the Protestants of Ballinadee parish amounted to 129, and the Roman Catholics to 2,624 ; a Protestent Sunday school bad an attendance of 15 ; and 2 daily schools, one of which was aided with £10 a-year from the rector and £7 from the Association for Discountenancing Vice, were attended on the average by 80 scholars.

    BALLINADRLMNA, a parish in the barony of Carbery, co. Kildare, Leinster. Length, 3^ miles ; breadth, 3^; area, 4,285 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,503; in 1841, 1,501. Houses 240. The average value of the land is 26s. per plantation acre. A chief feature is Garrisker, the handsome demesne of John Naugh, Esq., on the road between Kinnegad and Enfield — This parish is a vicarage, and a part of the benefice of Castle-Carbert [which see], in the dio of Kildare. The vicarial tithes aie compounded

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

25. Ballyclug church built 1707, enlarged 1822

    near Ballyclug · parish · Antrim · 1707–1822

    The church of Ballyclug parish, situated at the junction of Ballyclug and Kirkinriola parishes, was built in 1707 and enlarged in 1822 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. It had 300 sittings and attendance of 200 to 240.

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    perches. Pop., in 1831, 3,692; in 1841, 4,807. Houses 746. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 3,440; in 1841, 3,910. Houses 676. One-fourth of the land is boggy and heathy ; and the remainder is light but productive. The surface declines to Uie north, lies within the basin of the Main river, and is traversed southward by the road firom Ballymena to Antrim — Ballyclug is a rectory in the dio. o( Connor. Tithe composition, £1^ 4s. 7d. This rectorv and the impropriate curacy of Kirrinriola [which see]], constitute the benefice of Ballyclug. But the parishes are united onlv episcopally and pro hac vice. Length, 8 miles ; breadth, 3. Pop., in 1^1 , 10,989. Gross income, £237 Os. ; nett, £212 Ss. 1 Id. Patron of Ballyclug, the diocesan; of Kirkinrioli, the Earl of Mountcashel. The church is situated at the junction of the two parishes ; it was built in 1707» — cost unknown ; and it was enlarged in 1822, by means of a loan of £92 6s. l}d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300 ; attendance, from 200 to 240. The Roman Catholic chapels of Ballyclug and Kirkinriola are united in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, and have each an attendance of from 500 to 600. Four meeting-houses, 3 of them Presbyterian and 1 Wesleyan, are m Kirkinriola. In 1834, the parishioners of Ballyclug consisted of 157 Churchmen, 2,093 Presbyterians, and 1,627 Roman Catholics ; and the inhabitants of the union consisted of 1 ,069 Churchmen, 7,697 Presbyterians, 105 other Protestant dissenters, and 3,011 Roman Catholics. In the same year, 3 Sabbath schools in Ballyclug were averagely attended by 355 children ; 9 Sabbath schools in the union were averagely attended by from 957 to 1,071 ; 3 daily schools in Ballyclug, one of which was aided with £6 a-year from Mr. Geehan, and £10 from the National Board, and another with an assured salary of £20, had on their books 117 boys and 69 girls; and 23 daily schools in the union, had on their books 766 boys and 491 girls. The National school of Ballvclug is at Crebillv ; and, in 1840, was aided with £15 from the Board.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

26. Ballycommon parish and Grand Canal

    Ballycommon · townland · Offaly

    The Grand Canal traverses the parish of Ballycommon, spanned by Ballycommon bridge and overlooked by Ballycommon-house. The surface consists largely of bog, but elsewhere is good, low, fertile land.

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    BALLYCOMMON, a parish in the north-west corner of the barony of Lower Philipstown, 3^ miles % west of Philipstown, and on the northern border of King's CO., Leinster. Length, 4 miles ; breadth, 3 ; area. 6,641 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,226; in 1841, 1,066. Houses 177. The surface consists, to b large extent, of the bo^ to be noticed in our next article ; but elsewhere it is good land, low and unpicturesque in feature, vet fertile in soiL The Grand Canal traverses the parish; and is spanned by Bcdlycommon bridge, and overiooked on the north .

    by Ballycommon-house This parish is a rectory

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

27. Ballymackey ruined church and parish lands

    Ballymackey · townland · Tipperary

    Ballymackey parish in Tipperary contains the site of an old ruined church at an altitude of 342 feet, with the Nenagh river descending westward through the parish. The land is prevailingly light and partly bog.

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    BALLYMACREY, a parish 4^ miles east of Ncnagh, and on the eastern frontier of the barony of Upper Ormond, and of the co. Tipperary. Munster. Length and breadth, each 4 miles; area, 9,7 13 acres. Pop., in 1831, 8,066 ; in 1841, 3,178. Houses 550. The land is prevailingly light, and to a considerable extent bog. The site of the old ruined church has an altitude of 342 feet ; and the Nenagh river descends westward within the parish from an elevation of 360 to one of 250 feet. The principal scats are Ballymackey, Lismore, Killeisk, Grcnanstown, Lissanisley, New-Orchard, Falleen, Camira, Castlc- Willington, Hermitage, Mount- Pleasant, Donny-

    Brook, Elm-Hill, and Bessborough This parish is a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

28. Ballymacwilliam parish and Jonestown seat

    Ballymacwilliam · townland · Offaly

    The parish of Ballymacwilliam in King's County (Offaly) comprised very fine quality land with its principal seat being Jonestown. The parish was traversed by the road from Trim to Philipstown and bordered on the south by the Grand Canal.

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    B ALLYMACWILLIAM, a parish in the barony of Warrenstown, 4 miles north-west of Edenderry, King's CO., Leinster. Length, 5 miles ; breadth, 2i ; area, 4,976 acres Pop., in 1831, 1,156; in 1841, 1,193. Houses 190. The land is of very fine quality. The principal seat is Jonestown. The parish is traversed south-south-westward by the road from Trim to Philipstown ; and impinged upon, on the south, by the Grand Canal. See Ballt- BiiiTTON. — Brtllymacwilliam is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of ICildare. Tithe composition, £236 16s. 8d. ; glebe, £28 73. Gross income, £J61 33. 8(L; nett, £246 12s. 6d. Patron, the Crown. There is neither glebe-house, church, nor chapel. The vicar of the adjoining parish of Slona<.tL'roris performs occasional duties as curate ; and the Protestant parishioners attend his church and that of Ballyburley. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 13 Churchmen, 2 Presbyterians, 6 other Protestant dissenters, and 1 ,009 Roman Catholics ; and 2 National schools, each aided with £6 a-year from the Board, had on their books 83 boys and 35 girls. The schools are at Trimblestown ; and, in 1840, wore aided with respectively £12 and £8.

    BALLYMADUN. See Ballymacduk.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

29. Barley grown along Sligo's sea-coast

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    While oats were the chief crop of the western district, considerable quantities of barley were grown along the sea-coast of Sligo, distinguishing it from the surrounding agricultural patterns.

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    their work in the most slovenly manner. When a plough is used, three or four neighbours unite their strength, each bringing his horse, or his bullock, or his milch cow. Most ploughs are attended by a person, whose employment it is to turn back the furrow, which would otherwise revert to its bed. All the other operations of agriculture are performed in this district in the same rude manner. The little wheat that is raised in it, is ^ lashed ;' that is, the grain is knocked out by striking the sheaf across a beam placed above a cloth ; it is, however, afterwards thrashed with a flaiL In this district, as well as in the greater part of Ireland, the com is thrashed on the highways, and is dressed by letting it fall from a kind of sieve, which, during a pretty strong wind, is held by a woman as high from the ground as her arms can reach. Under the second district, Bir. Wakefield comprises the northern part of Antrim, Londonderry, the north and west of ' Tyrone, and the whole of Donegal. Tillage here is in a much worse state than in the first district. Iliere is no clover ; and, with the exception of a little near Derry, no wheat. The third district comprehends the northern part of Fermanagh. Here the farms are much larger than in either of the former districts, the agriculture better, and the crops more productive. Some wheat is grown, but oats are the most prevalent crop. A small portion of the land, however, is only employed in tillage. The fourth district comprises Sligo, Mayo, Galway, Clare, and parts of Roscommon and Longford. In some parts of this district the spade culture is generally pursued ; but in other parts the land is cultivated with the plough, drawn by four horses a-breast. In Roscommon, the practice of yoking horses to the ptough by the tail is still followed, at least with two-year-old colts in the spring. Oats are chiefly raised in this district ; but along the sea-coast of Sligo considerable quantities of barley are grown. A large portion of this district is let on partnership-leases, according to the village system. In the fifth district, which comprehends Limerick, Kerry, the south-west and northern parts of Cork, and part of the county of Waterford, little com is grown, with the exception of the southern part of Cork. In the sixth district, which takes in the remainder of Cork, most of the land is in pasture ; and, where it is in tillage, the spade is generally used. The seventh district comprehends some parts of Tipperary, and King^s and Queen's counties. Here a great deal of corn is grown ; and the agriculture is good, in comparison with that which is pursued in any of the preceding districts. More attention is paid to a systematic course of cropping, and keeping the land in good heart. Oxen and horses are used for the plough. In some parts turnips arc grown, but they are seldom hoed. Ninety acres are considered a large tillage farm. The eighth district comprises Wexford, and a part of Wicklow. In some parts of this district beans are cultivated ; but they are sown broadcast, and never hoed. Even here, their mode of ploughing is very awkward. One man holds the plough, another leads the horses, and a third presses on the beam, to keep it down. The last district comprehends the northern part of Kilkenny, Kildare, and the cultivated parts of Westmeath, Meath, and Lowth. Wheat enters into the common course of crops ; but the fallows are bad. Clover has been introduced, but it is sown in exhausted land. The farms are much larger here than in any other parts of the country. The ploughs are very badly constmcted, and are drawn by six oxen and horses." The following Table, given by Mr. Wakefield, exhibits, according to him, the average produce of the nine districts : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 27

30. Beltrim, seat of A.W.C. Hamilton in Badony

    Beltrim · townland · Tyrone

    Beltrim, the seat of A.W.C. Hamilton, Esq., occupies a romantic site between the mountains of Munterlowney and the Ardstraw mountain of Mary Grey in the parish of Badony Lower, County Tyrone. The parish contains the village of Gortin, described as the cynosure of the surrounding country.

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    B ADON Y, or Bodont Lower, a parish in the barony of Strabane, 4^ miles east of Newtown- Stewart, and 8 north-north-east of Omagh, co. Tjrrone, Ulster. It contains the village of Gortin : which see. Length, 14 miles ; breadth, 7 ; area, 47,92) acres, 3 roods, 10 perches, — of which 178 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches are water. Pop., in 1831, 7,024; in 1841, 7,784. Houses 1.357. Pop. of the rural districts, hi 1841,7,374. Houses 1,288. The surface is principally mountainous, and is drained westward by the river Moyle aiKl its tributaries. Beltrim, the seat of A. W C. Hamilton, Esq., occupies a romantic 8it« between the mountains of Munterlowney and the Ard.* straw mountain of Mary Grey. The village of Gortin« the site of the parish -church, is the cynosure of a considerable extent of circumiacent country, and the vestibule of a fine natural gallery of landscape. See Gortin. ** Among the numerous raltivated and thitkly inhabited mountain glens which branch otf

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

31. Botanical survey of Templemore parish

    near Templemore · parish · Derry

    The officers of the Ordnance Survey noted the most notable plants in the large parish of Templemore, which contains the city of Londonderry. This parish was considered a fair specimen of a large part of counties Londonderry and Donegal.

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    The plants which the officers of the Ordnance Survey thought most worthy of notice in the large parish of Templemore — ^the parish which contains the city of Londonderry, and which may be regarded as a fair specimen of a large part of counties Londonderry and Done^ — ^were, alisma ranunculoides, lesser water plantain, in boggy ground beside the Foyle ; sparganium simplex and sparganium natans, unbranohed and floating bur-reed, in Ballyemet lake ; blysmus rufus, narrowleaved blysmus, at the side of the Foyle near Brook Hall ; rhynchospora alba, white beak rush, in a bog at Culmore Point ; iris foetidissima, stinking iris, on banks at Culmore Point ; circssa lutetiana, common enchanter's nightshade, in bushy places beside the Foyle ; utricularia vulgaris and utricularia minor, the greater and the lesser bladderwort, in holes in the race-course bog ; pinguicula vulgaris, common butterwort, on moist banks on the side of the Foyle ; erythrsea oentaurium, common centaury, at the side of the Foyle ; samolus valeraudi, water pimpernel, at the side of the Foyle ; drosera rotundifolia, drosera longifolia, and drosera Anglica, round-leaved, longleaved, and great sundew, in the bay at Culmore ; solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade, on the walls of Londonderry ; oeiuinthe crocata, hemlock water dropwort, abundant at the side of the Foyle from Culmore to Pennybum ; slum latifolium, broad-leaved water parsnip, in a marsh near Culmore Point ; rosa tomentosa, downy-leaved rose, in many places ; rubus cscsius, dewberry, on the banks of the Foyle above Londonderry ; rubus Kochleri, Kochleri's bramble, on the banks of the Foyle ^bove Londonderry ; rubus rhamnifolius, buckthorn-leaved bramble ; nuphar lutea, and nymphsea alba, yellow water lily, and great white water lily, in Ballyemet lake ; galeopsis versicolor, large flowered hemp nettle, in Killea ; cnicus pratensis, meadow plume thistle, in meadows in KiUea ; and ceratophyllum demersum, common homwort, in a marsh by the side of the Foyle above Londonderry. The more common plants, on the muddy shore from Culmore Point to Londonderry, are eleochaiis palustris, creeping spikerush ; juncus compressus,round-friLited rush ; glauxmaritima, sea milkwort ; statice armoria, sea gilliflower ; cochlearia officinalis, common scurvy grass ; cochlearia Anglica, English scurvy-grass ; and zostera marina, common grass rack. *' Kear the bridge of Derry, where the last plant becomes scarce, large patches of sarpus maritimus or salt marsh clubrush occur, which, with the others, spreads to the extremity of the county. Along the dry banks in Termonbacca, the lithospermum officinale, or conmion gromwell, which is not general in this county, is very abundant, together with a flesh-coloured variety of the convolvulus sepium or conmion bindweed, — a variety of that genus which does not seem to have been hitherto noticed in Britain, and only in one place in Ireland, viz., the island of Boffin or Inishboffin in the county of Galway." '^The old walls of Derry are in many places literally covered with the common parietaria officinalis, or pellitory of the wall : the acer pseudo-platanus, or common plane tree, abo grows naturally on them." '^ The grasses and other plants of which the natural meadows are chiefly composed, are, the agrostis alba, or florin or marsh bent grass ; cynosurus cristatus, or crested dog's tail grass ; holcus mollis, or soft grass ; aiia coespitosa, or turiy hair grass ; and, in wet ground, the juncus efiusus, or soft rush ; juncus conglomeratus, or common rush ; and juncus acutiflorus, or sharpflowered jointed rush. The average produce of these meadows is generally rated at 2^ tons the Cunningham acre. The aiopecurus pratensis, or meadow fox tail grass, and the bromus mollis, or soft brome grass, are also very common in the neighbourhood of Derry. The mountain pasture is generally poor. The most abundant plant on the top of Sherifi*s mountain, (552 feet in height,) is the calluna vulgaris, or ling or common heath. The pasture grasses ; — ^the festuca ovina, or sheep's fescue grass ; agrosstis vulgaris, or fine bent grass ; anthoxanthum oderatum, or sweet-scented vernal grass ; and the nardus stricta, or mat grass The following plants likewise are abundant : — eleocharis coespitosa, or scaly stalked spike rush ; and the juncus squarrosus, or heath rush. The productions of Creevagh UiU and of all the mossy ground in that neighbourhood, are similar, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 24

32. Construction of Bailieborough parish church

    Bailieborough · town · Cavan · 1780

    The parish church in Bailieborough was built around 1780 at the expense of the parish. At the time of writing, it had 300 sittings and a regular attendance of 150.

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    and runs across tne parish westward, on its way to Lough Rammer, near Virginia. Loughlets are numerous; and one lake in the demesne of Bailieborough-castle combines noticeable size with features of considerable beauty. The parish is intersected by the road from Kells to Cootehill, and by that from Cavan to Kingscourt. Bailieborough-castle, the seat of Sir William Young, the proprietor of almost all the Ulster section of the parish, is an imposing structure, and stands about 1^ mile distant from Bailieborough town, to the left of the road thence to Cootehill. There are, including the glebe-house, three other mansions. The civil parish was originally co-extensive with the ecclesiastical one, and wa.s anciently called Moybologue, and afterwards Bailieborougb alias Moybologue ; but a practice having grown up of calling the Ulster section Bailieborough, and the Leinster section Moybologue, the two sections were eventually made two parishes.—. Bailieborougb parish is a rectory and a separate benefice on Uie eastern border of the dio. of Kilmore. Tithe composition, £314 Is. Gross income, £578 15s. 9d. ; nett, £490 3s. 9d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate is salaried at £75. The church was built about the year 1780, at the expense of the parish Sittings 300; attendance 150. A Roman Catholic chapel in the town has an attendance of 2,000; and, jointly with a chapel in Shercock, is served by two officiates. A second Roman Catholic chapel in the parish has an attendance of 1,560; and, in common with a chapel at Kilnuunhamwood, is served by two officiates. Two Pres-. byterian meeting-houses in connection with the General Assembly, the one formerly Secessional, and the other of the Synod of Ulster, are attended by respectively 200 and 450. A Wesleyan chapel has an attendance of 150. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,039 Churchmen, 2,232 Presbyterians. 3 other Protestant dissenters, and 7,101 Roman Catholics ; and 17 daily schools — one of which was a classical boarding as well as daily school, and three were aided with respectively £8, £10, and £10 from the London Hibernian Society — had on their books 681 boys and 356 giris. In 1838, the National Board granted £91 5s. toward the building and fitting up of a schoolhouse at Rilgriff.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

33. Cootehill lakes screened by demesnes

    Cootehill · town · Cavan

    The Cootehill lakes lie on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan. They are replete with luscious beauty and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes.

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    Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

34. County gaol at Athy

    Athy · town · Kildare · 1842

    The town of Athy in County Kildare was home to one of the county's two county gaols.

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    In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

35. County gaol at Naas

    Naas · town · Kildare · 1842

    The town of Naas in County Kildare was home to one of the county's two county gaols.

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    In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

36. County gaol at Nenagh

    Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1842

    The town of Nenagh in County Tipperary was home to one of the county's two county gaols.

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    In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

37. Greywacke district link from Scotland to Donaghadee

    near Donaghadee · town · Down

    The greywacke geological district of Scotland reappears at Donaghadee on the east coast of Ireland. It then continues in a south-western direction towards County Longford.

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    Several great districts of primitive or transition rocks occur near the coasts, and are separated from one another by intervening fields of the secondary limestone series. An extensive one of these districts is primitive, and constitutes the greater part of the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, and Tyrone ; a second is likewise primitive, and consists of a small and highly interesting mountain group, on the north-east coast of the county of Antrim ; and the third is also primitive, and, besides occupying the western coasts of the counties of Galway and Mayo, extends, in a north-easterly direction, into the counties of Sligo and Leitrim. The crystalline or igneous rocks of these three districts are granite; sienite, greenstone, and greenstone porphyry ; and the sedimentary rocks are mica slate, shining slate, quartz rock, and primitive limestone, all regularly stratified, and, in general, though far from uniformly, ranging north-east and south-west. A fourth and grsat district, partly primitive, but chiefly transition, constitutes considerable portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan, Louth, Meath, Longford, and Roscommon. "This n ^rthern district is most probably a prolongation of the grey wacke district of Scotland, which commences at St. Abb's Head on the frith of Forth, and extends, in a south-western direction, across the country to Portpatrick on the west coast ; it appears again at Donaghadee on the east coast of Ireland, and continues in the same direction to Caimclonhugh mountain in co. Longford. Tue rocks contained in this district consist of greywacke slate, fossil clay slate, flint slate, chlorite •bte ; and in the neighbourhood of the granite district of hornblende slate, schistose porphyry, and a variety of other metamorphic rocks, having structures intermediate between sedimentary and crystalline, which it is impossible to designate by any precise name. In addition to the foregoing, the district contains the following decidedly crystalline or igneous rocks, — viz., in great masses granite, sienitic granite, greenstone porphyry, clay porphyry, — in dykes, trap, pitch stone, and porphyry." A fifth district extends through the counties of Kildare, Wicklow, Wexford, and Kilkenny : and, except that beds of mica slate occur in the vicinity of granite, its rocks are very timilar to those of the preceding district.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

38. Italian rye-grass experiment at Gosford Demesne

    Gosford Demesne · townland · Armagh

    A patch of Italian rye-grass cultivated in the Earl of Gosford's demesne was noted as being exceptionally luxuriant and promising. This agricultural trial was highlighted as part of broader improvements in the area's land management.

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    shall here place all onr quotations in a single group. *' Agriculture appears to have made great advances in a few years in the county of Armagh, and in the barony of Lower Fews in particular.** '* The farms in this barony are mostly very small, say 3 to 10 English acres, upon which a man and his wife subsist by the produce of their own labour, in soma cases obtaining two crops in the year from the same ground, viz., winter tares followed by turnips or cabbages, and rape followed by tares, potatoes, turnips, or cabbages ; these crops are succeeded by grain or flax the next year, on which clover is sown for mowing and stall-feeding. The crops of clover, tares, odibages, turnips, potatoes, and rape, are sown at such periods and to such extent as will command a full supply of green food and turnips throughout the whole year. According to the improved system, the green food is mowed or shorn, and given to the cattle in the house. By this economical mode of using it, one acre will support as many cattle as three acres when grazed, and it possesses the advantage of affording profitable employment to the wives and children. It has also been the means of enabling the small formers and cottiers to keep a cow or two. This practice of raising green crops for the summer food of cattle in the house is greatly superior to the general one in use in England, of allowing the cattle to roam at large in the pastures, as it not only admits of more cattle being fed in the same farm, but by the accumulation ot manure the produce in grain has also increased.** ** A man here occupying 20 to 50 acres is considered a large farmer, and the general opinion is that a farm of 20 acres or upwards will not be able to produce as much food in proportion as one under that size.** " The soil is in general a fertile friable loam, upon a moderately retentive subsoil, and well-adapted to the cultivation of potatoes, turnips, and other green crops, as well as all kind of grain and flax ; oats predominate. The average produce per acre is — wheat, 16 to 18 cwt. ; oats, 15 to 17 cwt. ; barley, 17 to 19 cwt. ; potatoes, 8 to 10 tons ; flax, 30 to 40 stones.'* " Great labour has been bestowed in taking down crooked fences, or meerings, as they are called, between one farm and another, and malung them straight, laying each fiirm compact and square, thereby facilitating the operation of ploughing and working the land. Many internal fences have also been removed, as where no pasturing is admitted they are useless; these have been converted into productive arable land : every comer is also cultivated with the greatest care, and even in the mountain district patches of land, amongst rocks inaccessible to horses, are cultivated by the hand. The country, when seen fron. any elevation, is one continuous patchwork of grain and potatoes, densely crowded with habitations.** "Red clover and Pacey's perennial rjre-grass are almost the only artificial grass seeds sown in the lower parts of the barony, that is, on the low and good lands ; but on the moory ground near the mountains, where the land is worth about 7s. or 10s. per acre, they prefer what they call the white grass, HoUmM lanatu9. Mr. Blaker showed us a patch of Italian rye-grass in the Earl of Gosford*s demesne, which was very luxuriant, leafy, and succulent, and promises to be of great benefit.** " Many of the implemenU used in this barony have undergone considerable improvement, particularly the plough, the improved iron one having superseded a dumsy wooden one. The old cars have nearly all ifis. appeared, and their place is now occupied by a light one-horse cart, to which they iudiciously attach (he horse as near as possible to his work; the horse now draws 15 or 20 cwt with the same ease that he frequently drew 10 or 12 cwt, independently of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 128

39. Light turnip land west of Roscrea

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary

    A vein of light, luxuriant soil suitable for growing turnips is found partly in Tipperary and partly in King's County, west of Roscrea. The soil here is much inferior to England's best turnip land but still universally grows turnips.

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    *^ In Ireland,** says Mr. Wakefield, " there is not much land sufficiently light, though abundance of it is luxuriant enough, to be what is known in England under the name of ' turnip lands.* A vein of it, however, may be seen partly in Tipperary, and partly in the King*s county, west of Roscrca, where I found turnips universally growing, though the soil is much inferior to that of our best turnip land. In many of the mountains I have observed that the calcareous soil does not extend to the top, though the sunmiits of some produce rich clover. It is found also in patches on the mountains. Such spots afford great room for improvement. One of the most remarkable divisions of soil is that formed by the Barrow. To the west of that river limestone is met with in abundance, while it is nowhere to be found throughout the counties of Wexford and Wicklow. The best limestone in Ireland is obtained in the neighbourhood of Carlow, at lea^t such is the general opinion : but it is not improbable that if some of the marbles were analyzed, they would prove to be not in the least inferior to it. On the other hand, in the county of Waterford, there is no limestone east of the Blackwater ; so that there is a border of country extending from Dublin, through Wicklow, Wexford, and Waterford, entirely without it. Land, with a calcareous substratum, l^ by ao means adapted in all cases to tillage ; and Mr. Tighe*s remarks on this subject in regard to Kilkenny, may be applied to Ireland. ' The ground that skirts the western bank of the Kore below Kilkenny/ ^vs this sagacious observer* 'is of a poor quality, consisting of a hungry clay loam, lying immodiately over a bed of limestone. In general, the nearer the limestone comes to the surface the poorer the soil ; but this bank of the river, as well as the opposite, seems admirably calculated by nature to form the best kind of sheep walks ; where they are permitted, they produce close and green herbage, are extremely dry, and tend by nature to produce white clover and wild bumet, but give miserable crops of com.* Independently of the caucasses [corcasses], the richest soil in Irdand is to be found in the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, Roscommon, Longford, and Meath. In Longford there is a &rm called Qranard-Kill which produced eight crops of potatoes without manure. Some parts of the county of Cork are unoonmionly fertile, and, upon the whole, Ireland may be considered as affording land of an excellent quality, though I am by no means prepared to go the length of many writers, who assert that it is decidedly, acre per acre, richer than Kngland.** But though the aggregate allodial wealth of Ireland is seriously depreciated by the country*s great extent of waste bog, moorish uplands, and irreclaimable mountain, the cultivated land must unquestionably be regarded, and seems to be so even by Mr. Wakefield himself, as aggregately far superior, in its own substance, to that of England, sad even as scarcely less productive in spite of its enormous amount of maltreatment. All the loams or calcareous soils seem to be indestructible ; so that, when let alone after the most frightful scourging and utter exhaustion, they speedily recover tone, and dothe themselves with the finest herbage. " The exuberant fertility of the soil of Ireland," says Mr. Curwen, " rabies the husbandman to proceed in a manner which, if pursued in England, would long ago have made that garden a deeert. A century ago. Swift complained of the ruinous custom of overcropping : in later times, it haa been carried to an extent far exceeding the practice of his days ; and though still persisted to, there is no deficiency of produce.**

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 25

40. Lough Arrow and Curlew Mountains landscape at Aghanagh

    Aghanagh · townland · Sligo

    The parish of Aghanagh extends along the beautiful isleted sheet of Lough Arrow, with the Curlew Mountains to the south and the Kishkorran mountains to the west. The vale between the lake and the western uplands holds the parochial population, with Ballinafad village near its head and Hollybrook mansion further down.

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    AUG HAN AG H, or Aghanaoh, a parish in the south-west corner of the barony of Tiraghrill, co. Sligo, and 5 miles north-west of Boyle, Connaught. It contains the village of Balunafad: which see. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, 8,839 acres ; of which 1,091 acres are under water. Pop., in 1831, 2,393; in 1841, 2,714. Houses 464. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 2,559. Houses 432. Along the east extends the beautiful isleted sheet of water, called Lough Arrow. See Arrow. Along tbe south extend the Curlew mountains, and along the west the mountains of Kishkorran. The vale between the Lough and the latter upland range is the seat of the parochial population. Near its bead stands the village of Ballinafiid ; and further down is the mansion of Hollvbrook. The Curlew hills are crossed, and the vale along Lough Arrow traversed, b^ the mailroad from Dublin to Sligo. — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Elphin, and forms part of the benefice of Boyle: which see. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £48 9s. 2|d., and the rectorial, jointly with those of Boyle and Kilmacallam, for £313, and the latter are impropriate and belong to Viscount Lorton. The Roman Catholic chapel has an officiate for itself, ami an attendance of 550. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 1 10, and the Roman Catholics to 2,404 ( and one daily and pay school had on its books 60 boys and 30 girls. In 1840, a boys' school and a girls' school at Gurtelough were attended by respectively 103 and 91, and had, the former £12, and the latter £8, from the National Board.

    AUG

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

41. Lough Derravaragh in Westmeath

    near Lough Derravaragh · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Lough Derravaragh in County Westmeath is described as a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. It is one of the notable lakes of the county.

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    Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

42. Lough Ennell's languishing beauty

    near Lough Ennell · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    Lough Ennell in County Westmeath lies south of Lough Owel. It is described as languishingly beautiful.

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    Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

43. Moist trickling rocks of Glenariff

    near Glenariff · village · Antrim · 1836

    In September 1836, the cyanobacteria Nostoc sphaericum was found on moist rocks with water trickling over them in the glen of Glenariff.

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    1836, at Fair Head, and near the head of GlenarifiT; coUema plicatile, plaited collema, in September 1537, on a wet clay bank in CoUon glen ; collema dermatinum, skinny collema, in 1836, on calcareous rocks near Cushendall and Glenarm ; collema schraderi, the schraderian collema, in July 1836, on the ground among mosses near Cushendall; and peltidea scutata, the target-fruited peltidea, in November 1836, on rocks among mosses on Sillagh Braes near Lame. Of the order Algm and division Articulatse, asperococcus vermicularis, the worm-like asperococcus, was found in Hay 1837, growing parasitically on other algaa near Cushendall ; laminaria fiiscia, in May 1836, OD the coast near Dunluce castle, and, in 1837, abundantly near Lame ; solenia percursa, in 1836, on the shores of Lough Lame ; codium adhasrens, in August 1837, creeping over the limestone rocks in Church bay in the island of Rathlin ; vaucheria sessilis, the sessile-fruited vaucheria, in February, 1837, in ditches near Brown's bay in Island-Magee ; vaucheria geminata, the twinfinited vaucheria, in February 1837, in ditches near the Curran of Lame. Of the order Alga and division Confervoidcse, conferva centralis, was found in 1836-7, abounding along the whole coast of Antrim, especially near Camlough ; conferva uncialis, in June 1836, on the limestone rocks near Doneygregor Head ; polysiphonia fasciculata, in August 1836, on the limestone rocks in the island of Rathlin ; polysiphonia atropurpurea, in the winter of 1837, at Brown's bay near Lame ; polysiphonia affinis, in 1836, near Camlough ; callithamnion arachnoideum, among rejectamenta near the foot of the Bann ; mougeotia cssrulescens, in July 1836, in a boggy pool, adhering to withered stocks of grasses, and on the moor between Trostan mountain and Tievebulliagh ; tyndaridea bioolor, near the small cascades of most of the mountain torrents of Antrim ; scytonema oodlatum, in June 1836, on a boggy bank near Tor Head; lyngbia fermginea, in July 1837, in muddy pools on the shores of Lough Lame ; lyngbya speciosa, in May 1836, attached to small rocks in Camlough bay ; rivularia granulifera, in July 1836, on moet rocks and near cascades of the mountain torrents about Cushendall ; rivularia calcaria, in July 1836, on the stony bottoms of the mountain rivulets, and particulariy of the Glenmakeeran rivulet near Ballycastle ; palmella mpestris, in July 1B36, on the conglomerate or red sandstone rocks near Red Castle; nostoo fphsnicom, in September 1836, on moist rocks, with water trickling over them, in Glenarifif; and Do«toc ocenileam, in April 1836, in a marshy place, adhering to hypnum scorpioides, near the mouth of the Bush river. Of the order Algm and division Diatomaceas, fragilarea aurea was found in April 1836, growing parasitically on other algae near Port Ballintrae ; diatoma unipunc-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 24

44. Notable plants at Culmore Point on the Foyle

    near Culmore · town · Derry

    Several rare and notable plants were identified at Culmore Point and along the shores of the Foyle, including white beak rush in bogs and stinking iris on the banks. These botanical observations highlight the distinct flora of the area.

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    The plants which the officers of the Ordnance Survey thought most worthy of notice in the large parish of Templemore — ^the parish which contains the city of Londonderry, and which may be regarded as a fair specimen of a large part of counties Londonderry and Done^ — ^were, alisma ranunculoides, lesser water plantain, in boggy ground beside the Foyle ; sparganium simplex and sparganium natans, unbranohed and floating bur-reed, in Ballyemet lake ; blysmus rufus, narrowleaved blysmus, at the side of the Foyle near Brook Hall ; rhynchospora alba, white beak rush, in a bog at Culmore Point ; iris foetidissima, stinking iris, on banks at Culmore Point ; circssa lutetiana, common enchanter's nightshade, in bushy places beside the Foyle ; utricularia vulgaris and utricularia minor, the greater and the lesser bladderwort, in holes in the race-course bog ; pinguicula vulgaris, common butterwort, on moist banks on the side of the Foyle ; erythrsea oentaurium, common centaury, at the side of the Foyle ; samolus valeraudi, water pimpernel, at the side of the Foyle ; drosera rotundifolia, drosera longifolia, and drosera Anglica, round-leaved, longleaved, and great sundew, in the bay at Culmore ; solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade, on the walls of Londonderry ; oeiuinthe crocata, hemlock water dropwort, abundant at the side of the Foyle from Culmore to Pennybum ; slum latifolium, broad-leaved water parsnip, in a marsh near Culmore Point ; rosa tomentosa, downy-leaved rose, in many places ; rubus cscsius, dewberry, on the banks of the Foyle above Londonderry ; rubus Kochleri, Kochleri's bramble, on the banks of the Foyle ^bove Londonderry ; rubus rhamnifolius, buckthorn-leaved bramble ; nuphar lutea, and nymphsea alba, yellow water lily, and great white water lily, in Ballyemet lake ; galeopsis versicolor, large flowered hemp nettle, in Killea ; cnicus pratensis, meadow plume thistle, in meadows in KiUea ; and ceratophyllum demersum, common homwort, in a marsh by the side of the Foyle above Londonderry. The more common plants, on the muddy shore from Culmore Point to Londonderry, are eleochaiis palustris, creeping spikerush ; juncus compressus,round-friLited rush ; glauxmaritima, sea milkwort ; statice armoria, sea gilliflower ; cochlearia officinalis, common scurvy grass ; cochlearia Anglica, English scurvy-grass ; and zostera marina, common grass rack. *' Kear the bridge of Derry, where the last plant becomes scarce, large patches of sarpus maritimus or salt marsh clubrush occur, which, with the others, spreads to the extremity of the county. Along the dry banks in Termonbacca, the lithospermum officinale, or conmion gromwell, which is not general in this county, is very abundant, together with a flesh-coloured variety of the convolvulus sepium or conmion bindweed, — a variety of that genus which does not seem to have been hitherto noticed in Britain, and only in one place in Ireland, viz., the island of Boffin or Inishboffin in the county of Galway." '^The old walls of Derry are in many places literally covered with the common parietaria officinalis, or pellitory of the wall : the acer pseudo-platanus, or common plane tree, abo grows naturally on them." '^ The grasses and other plants of which the natural meadows are chiefly composed, are, the agrostis alba, or florin or marsh bent grass ; cynosurus cristatus, or crested dog's tail grass ; holcus mollis, or soft grass ; aiia coespitosa, or turiy hair grass ; and, in wet ground, the juncus efiusus, or soft rush ; juncus conglomeratus, or common rush ; and juncus acutiflorus, or sharpflowered jointed rush. The average produce of these meadows is generally rated at 2^ tons the Cunningham acre. The aiopecurus pratensis, or meadow fox tail grass, and the bromus mollis, or soft brome grass, are also very common in the neighbourhood of Derry. The mountain pasture is generally poor. The most abundant plant on the top of Sherifi*s mountain, (552 feet in height,) is the calluna vulgaris, or ling or common heath. The pasture grasses ; — ^the festuca ovina, or sheep's fescue grass ; agrosstis vulgaris, or fine bent grass ; anthoxanthum oderatum, or sweet-scented vernal grass ; and the nardus stricta, or mat grass The following plants likewise are abundant : — eleocharis coespitosa, or scaly stalked spike rush ; and the juncus squarrosus, or heath rush. The productions of Creevagh UiU and of all the mossy ground in that neighbourhood, are similar, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 24

45. Owenea and Owentocher unite at Ardara

    Ardara · town · Donegal

    The Owenea and Owentocher rivers unite at the village of Ardara to form the estuary of Loughrusmore. This confluence creates a notable estuarial feature at the settlement.

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    Bonnet, the Glenboy, the Benbo, and the Shanvoe. The Bimroes river carries off the superflucnt waters of Lough Melvin, and is fed or formed, through that lake, by the Garisson, the Baliagh, and the Glen rivulets. The Erne drains a small part of co. Longford, a large part of co. Leitrim, a considerable part of co. Monaghan, very nearly the whole of co. Fermanagh, a small part of co. Tyrone, and a considerable part of co. Donegal; it expands into the large and exquisitely beautiful sheets of Lough Oughter, Upper Lough Enie and Lower Lough Erne ; it connects through the Ulster canal with all the north-eastern navigations of Ireland, is proposed to be connected by canal with the Shannon, and is naturally navigable between Belturbet a few miles above the Upper Lake and Belleek a little below the lower lake, but is hindered by a grand cascade at Ballyshannon from being navigable to the sea ; and its principal tributaries are the Croghan, the Woodford, and the Annalee in co. Cavan, the Clodagh, the Amey, and the Drumany or Colebrook into Upper Lough Erne, the Sillier into the Middle Erne above Enniskillen, and the Ballinamallard and the Bonnagh into Lower Lough Erne. The Esk forms the small estuarial harbour of Donegal, at the head of Donegal bay ; and it carries off the superfluent waters of Lough Esk, and receives the tribute of the Driming. The Enny river, which flows into the head of Inver bay, is navigable for boats over about a mile. The Bunlaghy to the west side of Inver bay, the Corker to MacSwine*s bay, the Bungasteen to Killybegs harbour, and the Ballydoo and the Glen to Muckross bay, are all small rivulets. The Owenea and the Owentocher unite at the village of Ardara, to form the estuary of Loughrusmore. The Guibarra to Guibarra bay, the Trawenagh to Trawenagh bay, the Giiidore and the Clady to Guidore bay, the Ballyness to Ballyness bay, and the Raye in the vicinity of the Ballyness, are all small streams. The Lackagh, which flows into the head of Sheephaven, is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to a point about 600 yards above Lackagh bridge ; and its chief tributaries are the Owencarry and the Olune. The Lennon or Lannan falls into the west side of Lough Swilly, and is tidal and navigable to Rathmelton. The Swilly falls into the head of Lough Swilly, and forms the small tidal harbour of Letterkenny. The streams of Innishowen are all small ; and the chief of them are the Owenkillew and Owencrana to Lough Swilly in the vicinity of Buncrana, the Camdonagh to Streathbreaga bay, and the Culdaff to the head of Culdaff bay.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

46. Poor limestone soil along the Nore at Kilkenny

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

    The ground skirting the western bank of the River Nore below Kilkenny consists of poor, hungry clay loam over limestone. While giving miserable corn crops, it is naturally adapted for the best kind of sheep walks.

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    *^ In Ireland,** says Mr. Wakefield, " there is not much land sufficiently light, though abundance of it is luxuriant enough, to be what is known in England under the name of ' turnip lands.* A vein of it, however, may be seen partly in Tipperary, and partly in the King*s county, west of Roscrca, where I found turnips universally growing, though the soil is much inferior to that of our best turnip land. In many of the mountains I have observed that the calcareous soil does not extend to the top, though the sunmiits of some produce rich clover. It is found also in patches on the mountains. Such spots afford great room for improvement. One of the most remarkable divisions of soil is that formed by the Barrow. To the west of that river limestone is met with in abundance, while it is nowhere to be found throughout the counties of Wexford and Wicklow. The best limestone in Ireland is obtained in the neighbourhood of Carlow, at lea^t such is the general opinion : but it is not improbable that if some of the marbles were analyzed, they would prove to be not in the least inferior to it. On the other hand, in the county of Waterford, there is no limestone east of the Blackwater ; so that there is a border of country extending from Dublin, through Wicklow, Wexford, and Waterford, entirely without it. Land, with a calcareous substratum, l^ by ao means adapted in all cases to tillage ; and Mr. Tighe*s remarks on this subject in regard to Kilkenny, may be applied to Ireland. ' The ground that skirts the western bank of the Kore below Kilkenny/ ^vs this sagacious observer* 'is of a poor quality, consisting of a hungry clay loam, lying immodiately over a bed of limestone. In general, the nearer the limestone comes to the surface the poorer the soil ; but this bank of the river, as well as the opposite, seems admirably calculated by nature to form the best kind of sheep walks ; where they are permitted, they produce close and green herbage, are extremely dry, and tend by nature to produce white clover and wild bumet, but give miserable crops of com.* Independently of the caucasses [corcasses], the richest soil in Irdand is to be found in the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, Roscommon, Longford, and Meath. In Longford there is a &rm called Qranard-Kill which produced eight crops of potatoes without manure. Some parts of the county of Cork are unoonmionly fertile, and, upon the whole, Ireland may be considered as affording land of an excellent quality, though I am by no means prepared to go the length of many writers, who assert that it is decidedly, acre per acre, richer than Kngland.** But though the aggregate allodial wealth of Ireland is seriously depreciated by the country*s great extent of waste bog, moorish uplands, and irreclaimable mountain, the cultivated land must unquestionably be regarded, and seems to be so even by Mr. Wakefield himself, as aggregately far superior, in its own substance, to that of England, sad even as scarcely less productive in spite of its enormous amount of maltreatment. All the loams or calcareous soils seem to be indestructible ; so that, when let alone after the most frightful scourging and utter exhaustion, they speedily recover tone, and dothe themselves with the finest herbage. " The exuberant fertility of the soil of Ireland," says Mr. Curwen, " rabies the husbandman to proceed in a manner which, if pursued in England, would long ago have made that garden a deeert. A century ago. Swift complained of the ruinous custom of overcropping : in later times, it haa been carried to an extent far exceeding the practice of his days ; and though still persisted to, there is no deficiency of produce.**

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 25

47. Rare gromwell on the banks of Termonbacca

    Termonbacca · townland · Derry

    Along the dry banks in Termonbacca, the common gromwell grows abundantly, despite not being generally common in the county. A rare flesh-coloured variety of the common bindweed is also found there.

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    The plants which the officers of the Ordnance Survey thought most worthy of notice in the large parish of Templemore — ^the parish which contains the city of Londonderry, and which may be regarded as a fair specimen of a large part of counties Londonderry and Done^ — ^were, alisma ranunculoides, lesser water plantain, in boggy ground beside the Foyle ; sparganium simplex and sparganium natans, unbranohed and floating bur-reed, in Ballyemet lake ; blysmus rufus, narrowleaved blysmus, at the side of the Foyle near Brook Hall ; rhynchospora alba, white beak rush, in a bog at Culmore Point ; iris foetidissima, stinking iris, on banks at Culmore Point ; circssa lutetiana, common enchanter's nightshade, in bushy places beside the Foyle ; utricularia vulgaris and utricularia minor, the greater and the lesser bladderwort, in holes in the race-course bog ; pinguicula vulgaris, common butterwort, on moist banks on the side of the Foyle ; erythrsea oentaurium, common centaury, at the side of the Foyle ; samolus valeraudi, water pimpernel, at the side of the Foyle ; drosera rotundifolia, drosera longifolia, and drosera Anglica, round-leaved, longleaved, and great sundew, in the bay at Culmore ; solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade, on the walls of Londonderry ; oeiuinthe crocata, hemlock water dropwort, abundant at the side of the Foyle from Culmore to Pennybum ; slum latifolium, broad-leaved water parsnip, in a marsh near Culmore Point ; rosa tomentosa, downy-leaved rose, in many places ; rubus cscsius, dewberry, on the banks of the Foyle above Londonderry ; rubus Kochleri, Kochleri's bramble, on the banks of the Foyle ^bove Londonderry ; rubus rhamnifolius, buckthorn-leaved bramble ; nuphar lutea, and nymphsea alba, yellow water lily, and great white water lily, in Ballyemet lake ; galeopsis versicolor, large flowered hemp nettle, in Killea ; cnicus pratensis, meadow plume thistle, in meadows in KiUea ; and ceratophyllum demersum, common homwort, in a marsh by the side of the Foyle above Londonderry. The more common plants, on the muddy shore from Culmore Point to Londonderry, are eleochaiis palustris, creeping spikerush ; juncus compressus,round-friLited rush ; glauxmaritima, sea milkwort ; statice armoria, sea gilliflower ; cochlearia officinalis, common scurvy grass ; cochlearia Anglica, English scurvy-grass ; and zostera marina, common grass rack. *' Kear the bridge of Derry, where the last plant becomes scarce, large patches of sarpus maritimus or salt marsh clubrush occur, which, with the others, spreads to the extremity of the county. Along the dry banks in Termonbacca, the lithospermum officinale, or conmion gromwell, which is not general in this county, is very abundant, together with a flesh-coloured variety of the convolvulus sepium or conmion bindweed, — a variety of that genus which does not seem to have been hitherto noticed in Britain, and only in one place in Ireland, viz., the island of Boffin or Inishboffin in the county of Galway." '^The old walls of Derry are in many places literally covered with the common parietaria officinalis, or pellitory of the wall : the acer pseudo-platanus, or common plane tree, abo grows naturally on them." '^ The grasses and other plants of which the natural meadows are chiefly composed, are, the agrostis alba, or florin or marsh bent grass ; cynosurus cristatus, or crested dog's tail grass ; holcus mollis, or soft grass ; aiia coespitosa, or turiy hair grass ; and, in wet ground, the juncus efiusus, or soft rush ; juncus conglomeratus, or common rush ; and juncus acutiflorus, or sharpflowered jointed rush. The average produce of these meadows is generally rated at 2^ tons the Cunningham acre. The aiopecurus pratensis, or meadow fox tail grass, and the bromus mollis, or soft brome grass, are also very common in the neighbourhood of Derry. The mountain pasture is generally poor. The most abundant plant on the top of Sherifi*s mountain, (552 feet in height,) is the calluna vulgaris, or ling or common heath. The pasture grasses ; — ^the festuca ovina, or sheep's fescue grass ; agrosstis vulgaris, or fine bent grass ; anthoxanthum oderatum, or sweet-scented vernal grass ; and the nardus stricta, or mat grass The following plants likewise are abundant : — eleocharis coespitosa, or scaly stalked spike rush ; and the juncus squarrosus, or heath rush. The productions of Creevagh UiU and of all the mossy ground in that neighbourhood, are similar, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 24

48. Slieve Gullion's sandstone geology

    Slieve Gullion · townland · Armagh

    The Slieve Gullion range is noted as an exception to the surrounding granitic formation. It consists of old red sandstone and sandstone conglomerate.

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    MinerahJ] — Excepting in a small part of the Slieve Gullion range, all the upland district in the south-east of the county, including the Slieve Girkin, the Fathom, and the Newry mountains, consist principally of granite. Some small spots in the neighbourhood of Newrv are sienitic. The vale between Slieve Girkin and Slieve Gullion, and a band ot country about 1| mile in mean breadth and about 17 miles in length, which curves round the skirt of the granite district, from the southern boundary of the county by the west side of Slieve Gullion to the north side of the Newry mountains, consist variously of rocks metamorphosed b^ granitic protrusion, of serpentine or crystalline micaceous schist, of micaceous shining schist, of siliceous schist, and of argillaceous schist passing into greenstone or greenstone slate. The remaining district south of the city of Armagh, and two triangular northerly projections, the one immediately east of the city, and the other on the eastern boundary, or around and north of Tanderagee, — districts jointly constituting the larger moiety of the county, consist principally of grey wackeand greywacke slate, or at least are, in all their extent, characterized by the transition series. The part of the Slieve GuUion range which we remarked as an exception to the granitic formation, consists of old red sandstone and sandstone conglomerate. A district comprehending about 64 or 70 square miles, and lying north and west of the dty of Armagh, but also sending a narrow belt along the western boundary to a point 5 miles south of the dty, consists of carboniferous or mountain limestone. A district of 11 miles from east to west, and averagely about 4^ from north to south, almost equally bisected by the river Bann, and lying around the towns of Lurgan and Portadown, consists of tabular trap. This district is the continuous offshoot, and the southern termination of the great trap-field of Antrim, Londonderry, and Down ; and exhibits, we presume — though we want precise information— the same curious and interesting phenomena as are witnessed in the south of Antrim : see Antrim Countt. The district along Lough Neagh is of the tertiary formation, but has been noticed by antidpation in the minen&logical section of our article on Antrim.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 126

49. St. Mary's Church, Athlone, built c.1827

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1827

    The parish church of St. Mary's in Athlone was built about 1827 at a cost of £2,307 12s., lent by the late Board of First Fruits. It had 1,000 sittings and attendance of 500 to 600.

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    Pariah of Su Mary.'} — This parish, called also Athlone, and St. Mary's of Athlone, extends along the left bank of the Shannon, in the barony of Brawney, co* Westmeath. Length, 6 miles ; breadth, 3; area, 11,456 acres, — of which 1,386 acres are water, and 248 acres are in the town of Athlone. Pop., in 1831, 7,396; in 1841.7.264. Houses 1,216. Pop. in the town of Athlone, in 1831 , 5,699 ; in 1841, 3,320. Houses 552. The land, except inunediately around the town, is for the most part bad, and extensively improvable bog. The surface is prevailingly low ; nowhere rises much above the level of the Shannon; expands over a considerable space into fens and marshes which lachryraosely flank the river, and aggregately possesses little landscape, or even artificial embellishment. — This parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Meath. Tithe composition, £304 12s. 3|d. Gross income, £497 128. 3|d. ; nett, £398 2s. Q|d, Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church was built about the year 18*27, at the cost of £2,307 128.» lent by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 1,000; attendance, from 500 to 600. A Baptist meeting-house is attended by about 40; a Wesleyan by 100; and a Primitive Wesleyan by 100. The parish Roman Catholic chapel is attended by about 1,400, and has two officiates; and a Friary Roman Catholic chapel is attended by about 600, and has as officiates the friars of a Franciscan convent. In 1884, the parishioners consisted of 1,116 Churdimen, 2 Protestant dissenters, and 6,479 Roman Catholics; the greater part of the Wesleyan and Baptist congregations being in communion with the Established church. In the same year, 14 daily schools had on their books ^25 boys and 140 girls; and of these, the parish-school was aided with £28, books and premiums, and a free house,, from three societies, the rector, and subscription, — the Abbey school, with £12 from subscription,--and a sdiool of the Baptist Irish Society, with £12 from that society ; while one was a boarding and day school for young ladies, and the rest were all pay-schools. In 1840, a boys' school and a girls' school at Anchorsbower were aided with respectively £12 and £10 from the National Board.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 141

50. Swilly river forms tidal harbour of Letterkenny

    Letterkenny · town · Donegal

    The Swilly river falls into the head of Lough Swilly and forms the small tidal harbour of Letterkenny. This harbour serves as a notable maritime feature of the town.

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    Bonnet, the Glenboy, the Benbo, and the Shanvoe. The Bimroes river carries off the superflucnt waters of Lough Melvin, and is fed or formed, through that lake, by the Garisson, the Baliagh, and the Glen rivulets. The Erne drains a small part of co. Longford, a large part of co. Leitrim, a considerable part of co. Monaghan, very nearly the whole of co. Fermanagh, a small part of co. Tyrone, and a considerable part of co. Donegal; it expands into the large and exquisitely beautiful sheets of Lough Oughter, Upper Lough Enie and Lower Lough Erne ; it connects through the Ulster canal with all the north-eastern navigations of Ireland, is proposed to be connected by canal with the Shannon, and is naturally navigable between Belturbet a few miles above the Upper Lake and Belleek a little below the lower lake, but is hindered by a grand cascade at Ballyshannon from being navigable to the sea ; and its principal tributaries are the Croghan, the Woodford, and the Annalee in co. Cavan, the Clodagh, the Amey, and the Drumany or Colebrook into Upper Lough Erne, the Sillier into the Middle Erne above Enniskillen, and the Ballinamallard and the Bonnagh into Lower Lough Erne. The Esk forms the small estuarial harbour of Donegal, at the head of Donegal bay ; and it carries off the superfluent waters of Lough Esk, and receives the tribute of the Driming. The Enny river, which flows into the head of Inver bay, is navigable for boats over about a mile. The Bunlaghy to the west side of Inver bay, the Corker to MacSwine*s bay, the Bungasteen to Killybegs harbour, and the Ballydoo and the Glen to Muckross bay, are all small rivulets. The Owenea and the Owentocher unite at the village of Ardara, to form the estuary of Loughrusmore. The Guibarra to Guibarra bay, the Trawenagh to Trawenagh bay, the Giiidore and the Clady to Guidore bay, the Ballyness to Ballyness bay, and the Raye in the vicinity of the Ballyness, are all small streams. The Lackagh, which flows into the head of Sheephaven, is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to a point about 600 yards above Lackagh bridge ; and its chief tributaries are the Owencarry and the Olune. The Lennon or Lannan falls into the west side of Lough Swilly, and is tidal and navigable to Rathmelton. The Swilly falls into the head of Lough Swilly, and forms the small tidal harbour of Letterkenny. The streams of Innishowen are all small ; and the chief of them are the Owenkillew and Owencrana to Lough Swilly in the vicinity of Buncrana, the Camdonagh to Streathbreaga bay, and the Culdaff to the head of Culdaff bay.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

51. The Arney river through Florence Court demesne

    near Florence Court · population centre · Fermanagh

    The Arney river connects Lough Macnean to Upper Lough Erne across counties Leitrim and Fermanagh. Its wooded banks flow through the demesne grounds of Florence Court, and the river and its chain of lakes form the diocesan boundary between Clogher and Kilmore.

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    ARNEY (The), a river of the co. Leitrim, Connaught, and the co. Fermanagh, Ulster. Its remotest head-stream rises 2\ miles south-east of Manor- Hamilton, and runs 7 miles eastward to Lough Cane, or Upper Lough Macnean. Another considerable head-stream rises not far from the centre of the Fermanagh barony of Magheraboy, and flows southwestward to the same lake. The river is popularly viewed, however, as issuing from the foot of Lough Nitty or Lower Lough Macnean, 9( miles south-east of the latter head-stream's inosculation with Lough Cane ; and thence it has a course of about 7 miles, in a direction south of east, to Upper Lough Erne, at a point 5 miles south of Enniskillen. The stream has almost everywhere wooded banks, and luxuriates over much of its course among the beautiful demesne grounds of Florence Court. The Amey and the chain of lakes which it connects form the line of division between the dioceses of Clogher and Kilmore.

    ARRA. See Ownet.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

52. Athlone: military station on the Shannon

    near Athlone and Bigmeadow · townland · Roscommon

    Athlone is a market, post, and corporate town straddling the Shannon, partly in Westmeath and partly in Roscommon. It commands the grand thoroughfare between Dublin and more than half of Connaught and serves as a strong and important military station.

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    A market, post, and corporate town, a parliamentary borough, and a strong and important military station, stands on the river Shannon, partly in the barony of Hrawney, co. Westmeath, partly in the barony of Athlone, co. Roscommon, and very nearly in the centre of Ireland. It is cut by the Shannon into ahnost equal parts, commands the grand thoroughfare between Dublin and more than one-half of Connaught, and is 12^ miles north-cast of Ballinasloe, 45 ea-^t-north-east of Gal way, 20^ south-south-west of Longford, 30 west by south ot Kinnegad, and 60 west by north of Dublin. As two parishes not only take part of their dei>ignation from it, but, with the exception of a very small portion in the parish of Kiltoom, contain the whole of its area and population, these, the one on the Leinster and the other on the Conuaught side of the river, require to be

    noticed previously to eur describing the town. Sco

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 141

53. District lunatic asylum in Portlaoise

    Portlaoise · municipal district · Laois · 1842

    In 1842, a district lunatic asylum was situated at Maryborough (modern Portlaoise), serving Queen's County, King's County, Westmeath, and Longford.

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    In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

54. Ardagh House and bog district, Co. Galway

    Ardagh · townland · Galway

    Ardagh House and the high grounds of Ardagh are situated 2.5 miles south-south-west of Ballymoe in Co. Galway. The associated bog, linked with Springfield bog, covers jointly 8,795 acres with an average depth of 16 feet.

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    ARDAGH, a small district comprehending within its limits a considerable bog, in the half-barony of Ballymoe, co. Galway, Connaught. Ardagh-house, and the high grounds of Ardagh, are situated 2j^ miles south-south-west of Ballymoe. The bog is associated in Mr. Griffith's report with that of Springfield. The two have jointly an area of 8,795 English acres. They are bounded on the north by the northern branch of the Ballyhiague river; on the east by the high ridge of Ardagh ; and on the west by the high grounds of Templetocher and Strangefort. They have an average depth of 16 feet, and are very much elevated above the level of the southem branch of the Ballyhiague river. Estimated cost of reclamation, jC4,3ld 6s. 5d.

    ARDAGH, a barony in co. Longford, Leinster. Named from north-west round by east and south, the baronies which surround it are Longford, Granard, Moygoish, Abbeyshruel, and Moydow, — the third in Westmeath, and the rest in Longford. It contains the whole of the parishes of Edgeworthstown and Ratbrea, and part of the parishes of Ardagh, Ballycormick, Clonbroney, Granard, Kilglass, Street, and Templemichael. Area, 40,223 acres. Pop., in 1831, 19,899; in 1841. 19,917. Houses 3,180. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,366; in manufactures and trade, 887; in other pursuits, 382. Males of five years and upwards who could read and write, 3,696; who could read but not write, 1.672; who could neither read nor write, 3,408. Females at and above five years of age who could read and write, 1,759; who could read but not write, 2,592 ; who could neither read nor write, 4,516.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

55. Ardglass earldom and viscountcy titles

    Ardglass · townland · Down

    Ardglass formerly gave the title of Earl to the Cromwell family and afterwards the title of Viscount to the Harrington family.

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    effect Bucli improvements as exist, and much more — more than was at their command — has been asked of the Commissioners of Public Works for the execution of various other plans. " It is to be regretted," says Mr. Nimmo, **that after all the money which has been expended upon this harbour, it is still far from answering expectation. When south-east winds set in, which are the most violent on this coast, the deep water being near, a heavy ground-swell runs into Ardglass, and being brought up in a short space by the ledge of the perch-rock, is deflected into the cove forming the present harbour, which, being so much bounded by wall, and steep rock, becomes excessively turbulent ; the craft thump much on the bottom, and can with difficulty hold on with all their tackle ; nor is there any means of escaping at such times into any of the other coves of the bay, so that vessels are frequently seriously damaged." He then points out the defective or erroneous construction of the present works, and proceeding to suggest a remedy, adds : ** My advice would be to cut a passage across the rocky ledge which separates the present from the middle harbour, as far as the opening behind Maggy's Rock, all of which is accessible at low water, and build with this a breakwater on the outer and broader part of the ledge behind the perch. The run having then room to pass away into the middle harbour, and out at its present entrance, would be vastly diminished near the present pier ; and vessels which lie uneasy there, might pass away into the middle harbour when the tide made, lie behind the breakwater aforesaid, or even go on to Kimroer's Port. Again, vessels coming in with too much way to luff up clear of the perch-rock, might go on, enter by the middle harbour, and bring up to the pier by the new passage." In 1827, the port possessed 4 sloops, 2 packets to the Isle of Man, 19 herring smacks of 20 or 25 tons each, and 30 yawls. In 1830, as the rendezvous of the Down fisheries, it had 39 decked vessels of aggregately 1,128 tons, 100 halfdecked vessels of 1,231 tons, 69 open sail-boats of 412 tons, and 300 row-boats of 1,200 tons ; and employed 2,441 fishermen. The export trade of the town, iu its ancient time of prosperity, was for the most part conducted through Killough Harbour, a mile distant, on a straight line ; and that place was, in consequence, called by Speed the Haven of Ardghiss. See Killough. Even yet the trade of the two places, landward and seaward, is so blended as to be treated cumulatively in all the estimates we have seen of its amount. In 1835, the total of carriage inland from the two places was 2,820 tons, and consisted chiefly of coals and manure ; and the total of carriage from the interior to them was 13,700 tons, of which 10,000 were for exportation, 1,800 were stone, lime, and turf, and 1 ,900 were articles, chiefly agricultural produce, for local consumption. In the same year, the estimated value of imports was X2,970, of which £2,860 was for coal, culm, and cinders ; and the estimated value of exports was £35,161, of which ^£21.770 was for corn, £8,846 for potatoes, £3,275 for cows and oxen, £768 for flax and tow, and the rest for horses, kelp, linen, butter, and eggs. A light-house at Ardglass exhibits a fixed light, red toward the sea, and bright toward the harbour. The disbursements on account of it in 1840 amounted to £269 Is. 9(1. In 1839-40, a dispensary in the town, under the Downpatrick Poor-law union, received £145 19s , expended £159 178. Ijd, administered to 520 patients, and served for a district containing a pop. of 8,021, and comprehending an area of 16,553 acres. Ardglass formerly gave the title of Earl to the family of Cromwell, and afterwards that of Viscount to the family of Harrington. Area of the town, 3 1 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,162; in 1841, 1,066. Houses 199.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

56. Arra Mountains overlooking Lough Derg

    near Arra Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Tipperary

    The Arra mountains form a small but lofty and conspicuous group on the Tipperary side of the lower part of Lough Derg. Their principal summits reach altitudes of up to 1,517 feet above sea level.

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    Cnockfennel, Kilmeedy, and Knockfeereva, — ^the la^t 907 feet in altitude. The Arra mountains are a small but lofty and conspicuous group on the Tipperarj side of the lower part of Lough Derg ; and they raise their principal summits to the altitudes of 1,083, 1,127, 1,517, and 1,206 feet aboye sea-leveL

    BOGS.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 20

57. Ballingarry beneath Galtee mountain spurs

    Ballingarry · town · Limerick

    The parish of Ballingarry in Coshlea is heaved up by northern spurs of the Galtee mountains and lies near the southern edge of the Shannon basin. It contains much mountainous, marshy, boggy, and waste land drained by head-streams of the Maig.

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    in 1841, 2,834; Houses 445v The surface is heaved up by northern spurs of the Galtee mountains ; lies near the southern edge of the basin or river system of the Shannon ; is drained by nascent head-streams of the Maig; and contains much mountainous, marshy, boggy, and waste land. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday, Whit- Monday, July 4, and Dec. 5*. — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of DtTNTRiLEAGUE [which See], in the dio. of Emly. Tithe composition, £250. The Roman Catholic chapel has two officiates, and an attendance of 550. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 15, and the Roman Catholics to 2,586; and 2 hedgeschools had on their books 106 boys and 91 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

58. Ballinrobe town layout and streets

    Ballinrobe · town · Mayo

    Ballinrobe, capital of southern Mayo, stands on the river Robe with its larger section on the left bank. It has a well-edificed main street along the Cong-Hollymount road, an intersecting street toward Kilmain and Westport, and two shorter parallel streets, many lined with cabins.

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    BALLINROBE, a post and market town, and the capital of the southern district of the county of Mayo, stands on the river Robe, 4^ miles south-west by south of HoUymount, 5 north-north-east of Cong, 15^ south-east of Westport, and 109 west by noru of Dublin. Much the larger section is situated on the left bank of the Robe, and consists principaUy of an airy, well-edificed, and partly straight street^ along the line of thoroughfare between Cosig and Hollymount, — an intersecting street, containing a few good houses, but lined chiefly with rows of cabins along the road between Kilmain and Westport,-*. and two shorter streets parallel respectiveW with these, and almo;it everywhere meanly edificed. Thr

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

59. Ballinskelligs Bay between Hog Head and Bolus Head

    Ballinskelligs · townland · Kerry

    Ballinskelligs Bay in County Kerry enters between Hog Head on the east and Bolus Head on the west, about 5 miles broad between these promontories, and sweeps inland about 6 miles. The Inny rivulet, 11 miles in length, enters its head.

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    BALLINASKELLIGS, or BALLnrsKSLUoa, a bay ^Ttthing imrtly the barony of Dunkerrin on tbe south, but chiefly that of Iveragh on the east and north, CO. Kerry, Munster. It enters between Hog Head on the east and Bolus Head on the west, and is about 5 miles broad between these promontories ; and, with slowly diminishing breadth, it sweeps inland to the extent of about 6 miles. The Inny rivulet, 1 1 miles in length of course, enters its h«ui; and several smaller streams enter its sides. The Bog

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

60. Ballintemple parish in Cavan with lakes and Erne tributary

    Ballintemple · townland · Cavan

    Ballintemple parish in Co. Cavan is drained north-westward by an affluent of the Erne, diversified by 54 acres of lakes, and traversed by the road from Cavan to Granard. About one-ninth of the area is prime land, three-fourths second-rate, and the remainder inferior.

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    BALLINTEMPLE, a parish in the barony of Clonmahon, 6 miles south-south-west of Cavan, co. Cavan, Ulster. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 21; area, 10,656 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,946; in 1641, 5,341. Houses 930. About one- ninth of the area consists of prime land ; about three-fourths of second-rate land ; and the remainder, of inferior land. The surface is drained north-westward by an affluent of the Erne, diversified by 54 acres of lakes, and traversed south-south-westward by the road from Cavan to Granard. Within the [Mut)- chial limits is a small part of the village of Bai.- linagh: which see. — This parish is a vicarage* and part of the benefice of Kilmore, and corps of the deanery of Kilmore cathedral in the dio. of Kilmore. See Kilmore, The vicarial tithes are compounded for £155^ and the rectorial for £104; and the latter are impropriate, and belong to the Marquis of Westmeath. The church was built in 1821, by means of a loan of £1,107 13s. 10^. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200 ; attendance 120. The Roman Catholic chapel at Aughaloure has an attendance of 430 ; and, in the Roman

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152