Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

River Moy tidal and navigable to Ballina

The River Moy drains a large part of Mayo and a considerable part of Sligo, entering the head of Killala bay between these counties. It is tidal to Ballina and navigable by sea-borne vessels to within a mile of that town.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

The Qurtnamartin and the Camamart, which flow into the head or east end of Galway bay, are cf large size among rivulets; and the former is curious and wonderful for the number and mjnieriousness of its subterraneous dives and runs. The Galway or Corrib river, which enters Galway bay at the town of Galway, carries off the superfluent waters of Loughs Carra, Mask, and Corrib, a!hd drains a pendicle of co. Roscommon, and very large districts of counties Mayo and Galway ; it is proposed to be connected by artificial navigation with Lough Corrib, and to open Galway bay to an extensive and ramified navigation through Connaught to Clew bay, Killalla bay, and the Shannon ; and its principal tributaries are the Aile and the Robe into Lough Mask, tlie Bealnabrack and the Fuogh into the west side of Lough Corrib, and the Black river and the Clare, both sinking streams, into the east side of Lough Corrib. The Owenmore or Ballinahinch river to the head of Birterbuy bay, the Gowla to the side of Birterbuy bay, the Dowrus to the bay of Hallfnakill, the Culphin between Renvyle Point and the Little KiUery, and the Bunowen, the Errive, and the Bundurra, to Killery Harbour, are all inconsiderable streams. The Lewisburgh, the Bunowen, the Westport, the Glendahurk, the Glenthomas, and the other rivulets which flow into Clew bay, with the exception of the Newport river, are all very inconsiderable ; and even the Newport river is navigable for boats over a distance of only ^ of a mile, but its tributaries are the Skndagh, the Buckadoon, the Glenisland, and the Beltra. The Gulamore, the Munree, the Owenmore, and the other rivulets of north-western and northern Mayo, are chiefly mountain torrents. TIm Moy drains a large part of Mayo and a considerable part of Sligo, and enters ^he head of Killalla bay between these counties ; it is tidal to Ballina, and navigable by sea-borne vessels to within a mile of that town ; and its tributaries are the Bunree-Deel, the Yellow river, the Loghardone, the Turlough, the Guishden, the Troomony, the Coarre, the Aclarc, and several other strcmms. The Torvod and the PuUoching are small rivulets. The Easkey is navigable over about i of a mile by boats of 5 tons ; and it receives the waters of the Croagh. The Uncion, which enters the head of Ardnaglass Harbour, is formed by the Arrow, the Owenmore, and the Colloony, and makes a fine cataract at Ballysadere. The Sligo river forms the estuarial harbour of Sligo, off the superfluent waters of Lough Gill, and is fed or fonned, through that lake, by the

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Sand upon bog at Ballycotton bay

near Ballycotton Bay · bay · Cork

The coastline west of the entrance to Ballycotton Bay consists of a beach of sand upon bog. The rest of the coast in this area is generally a low bluff breastwork bounding a large and fertile champaign country.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

level, — ^liGzen Head, 41 feet,— Arklow Rock, 411 feet, — ^Kilmichael Point, — ^Brehoge Point, — ^Poolfihone Head, — Glascarrick Point, — and Cahore Point ; and the principal heights on or near the margin of the seaboard are OoUon Hill, 782 feet, — ^Bola Hill, 894 feet, — Buckronej, 917 feet, — Knockaurey, 860 feet, — ^Lamberton Hill, 410 feet, — Croghan-Kinshela Mountain, 1,985 feet, — and Tara Hill, 825 feet, — all, except the last, within the county of Wicklow, and north of Kilmichad Point. Rosclare Point, at the south side of the entrance of Wexford Harbour, is situated 2 miles south of Raven Point, and has an altitude of 58 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Rosclare Point to Greenore Point extends south-south-eastward, measures 5} miles, and cuts off from the sea the open and slenderly penetrating bay of Greenore ; a straight line from Greenore Point to Camsore Point, at the south-eastern extremity of the mainland of the kingdom, extends south-southwestward, measures 5^ miles, and is very nearly coincident with the shore ; a straight line from Camsore Point to Crossfamogue Point, extends half a point south of westward, measures 9^ miles, and places all the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the north ; and a straight line from Crossfamogue Point to Hook Head, at the east side of the entrance of Waterford Harbour, extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 14} miles, and lies across the entrance of the series of bays or large sweep of waters which wash the east side of the long peninsula of Hook, and whose principal section bears the name of BaUyteigue. Very nearly the whole coast, from the entrance of Wexford Harbour round to the isthmus of Hook peninsula, is low and beachy, and consists of the tardy slope into the sea of a low flat region of rich arable lands ; and the coast of Hook peninsula, though forming the breastwork of likewise a low country, presents to the waves a bold face of defiance, and shoots out the headlands of Inguard Point, Bagenbon Head, and Nord Point, and several minor projections. Swiney Head, at the west side of the entrance of Waterford Harbour, is situated 3| miles west by north of Hook Head ; a straight line thence to Brownstown Head extends west by southward, measures 3^ miles, and places to the north the open, iron-bound, slightly penetrating bay of Allands ; a straight line from Brownstown Head to Newtown Head extends west by northward, measures 2| miles, and places to the north the ^imminently dangerous bay of Tramore ; a straight line from Newtown Head to Bonmahon Head extends westward, measures 9^ miles, and is nearly coincident with the coast ; and a straight line from Bonmahon Head to Ballyvoile Head extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 5^ miles, and places the coast-line at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the north. The whole of the coast from Waterford Harbour to Ballyvoile Head terminates or bounds a low seaboard ; yet, excepting a brief space within Tramore bay, it is all bluff and menacing, and maintains a fierce conflict with the billows. A line from Ballyvoile Head to Helwick Head extends south-south-westward, measures 4 miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonea bay and Ihmgarvan Harbour ; a straight line from Helwick Head to Mine Head extends south-south-westward, measures 4^ miles, and passes a very little to seaward of the slightly undulating coast ; a straight line from Mine Head to BallymacEurt Head extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 2^ miles, and is identical with the coast ; a straight line from Ballymacart Head to Ram Head extends south-westward, measures 4^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Ardmore bay, placing Ardmore Head a little to the north ; a straight line from Ram Head to East Point extends westward, measures 4| miles, and, placing Arigna Head a little to the north, passes across the entrance of Whiting \i,j ; and a straight line frt>m East Point to Cable Island extends in the direction of south by west, measures 3} miles, and passes across the entrance of Toughal bay or the estuary of the Blackwater. The whole coast from Dungarvan Harbour to Toughal bay, presents a prevailingly bluff &ce to the sea, and is overlooked by the heavy, lumpish, prolonged mass of the Drum or Slievegrian mountain, whose summits are about 4} miles distant frt>m the shore, and possess an altitude of from 700 to nearly 1,000 feet above se^-leveL The coast from Cable Island, or from the small point of the mainland near it and directly opposite, away west-south-westwimi to Roche's Point at the east side of the entrance to Cork Harbour, has in general a flowing outline, and variously follows, passes 1^ mile beyond, or recedes half-a-mile within, a straight line of 17^ miles in extent. About one-tiiird of this coast, or to the west side of the entrance of Ballycotton bay, is a beach of sand upon bog ; the remainder is in general a low bluff breastwork ; the whole bounds a large and fertile sheet of comparatively champaign country ; and one place, 3} miles east of Roche's Point, runs out into the promontory of Poor Head.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

Serpentine quarries in County Galway

Galway · city · Galway

Large quarries in County Galway contained a valuable striped and mottled serpentine, white and green in colour, from which blocks of large dimensions were raised. The primary limestone of the schistose districts also produced crystalline marble varieties.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

" With the exception of granite, which is used as ft valuable building-stone, and some inferior slate quarries which occur in different parts of the counties of D^rry, Tyrone, and Donegal, and also in parts of the counties of Down, Klldare, and Wicklow, the only valuable rock, in an economical point of view, is primary limestone, which occurs in great abuj^idance throughout the schistose districts of the counties of Derry, Donegal, Tyrone, and Galway. This substance is chiefly valuable for manure when burned into lime ; but in some districts the limestone beds occasionaUy produce beautiful varieties of crystalline marble of various tints, as white, rose, find dove colour ; and, in co. Galway, large quarries have been opened, containing a valuable kind of serpentine, -striped and mottled, white and green, from which blocks of large dimensions have been raised. The whole of these primary and transition schistose districts contain metalliferous veins ; but a few only of those which are known have been worked, and, no doubt, many yet remain undiscovered. Owing to the great decrease in the prices of copper and lead during the last few years, many mines, formerly at work, have been abandoned ; and at present no metallic mines are in operation in the north of Ireland, with the exception of one containing lead at Clonhig, ftear Kewton-Ardes, in co. Down, and another at Derrynoose, in co. Armagh^ Of the numerous copper and lead veins known in co. Wicklow, only four are at present at work ; namely, the lead mines of Lugganure and Glenmalure, situated on the boundary of the granite and slate, and the copper mines of 3allymurtagh and Cronbane, in ihe vale of Ovoca, 6 miles to the west of Arklow^ The metalliferous relations of the counties of Wicklow and Wexford have been described in great detail by Mr. Weaver, in his valuable Memoir, contained in the 6th vol. of * The Transactions of the Geological Society of London.* It is consequently unnecessary to enter further on the subject in this place. At present there are no mines working in the primary mountain districts of the counties of Leitriqi, Sligo, Mayo, and Galway ; but many, both of copper and lead, are known, and have been worked at former periods with considerable success."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Sherkin Island guards Baltimore Harbour

near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork

Sherkin Island, separated from Cape Clear by an islet-sprinkled sound, extends 3.5 miles north-north-eastward and screens the west side of both the entrance and interior of Baltimore Harbour.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Great Island, 4^ miles in length ; Little Island, 2^ miles in length ; Foaty Island, 1^ mile in length ; Hawlboline Island, and Spike Island, lie within Cork Harbour. The Sovereign Islands are a mimic group across the mouth of Oyster haven. The Barrels are a little cluster of rocks in Courtmacsherry bay. A series of islets, the chief of which are Adam*8 Island, Squince Island, Low Island, High Island, Ragged Island, Skiddy Island, and Horse Island, closely flank the coast between Ross Harbour and Toe Head. The Stags of Castlehaven are a cluster of bold, beetling rocks, one mile south oif Toe Head. Kedge Island is a pendicle of insulated ground, 2 miles eastsouth-east of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour. Cape Clear Island, terminating 7 miles southwest of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour, measuring 3| miles south-westward, and possessing an extreme altitude of 436 feet above sea-level, forms — ^with the exception of the Fastnet Rock, 3^ miles south-west of it — ^the most southerly ground in Ireland, and is the point whence most vessels sailing out to the Atlantic take their leave of British soil. Sherkin Island is separated from the north-east end of Cape Clear Island by an islet-sprinkled sound of a mile in breadth, and extends 3^ miles in length north-north-eastward, so as to screen the west side of both the entrance and the interior of Baltimore Harbour. Within a straight line drawn due west from the middle of Sherkin Island to Mizen Head, lies a crowded archipelago, whose chief islands are Innismore 2^ miles in length, Innisbcg 1^ mile, Innisdriscol 1^ mile. Castle Island 1^ mile, Horse Island 1^ mile. Long Island 2| miles. East Calf, Mid Calf, West Calf, Mutton Island, Scheme Island, Carty's Island, Moan Island, Coney Island, and Goat Island. The chief of a number of islets sprinkled athwart Dunmanus bay, are Mannin, Owen, Bulge, Cold, Carbery, Furze, Horse, Leek, and Bird Islands. Bere Island, 6 miles in length in the direction of east by north, and possessing an extreme altitude of 6d4 feet above sea-level, lies within Bantry bay 5 miles north of Sheep*s Head, and screens the whole of the curved sound of from half-a-mile to a mile in breadth, which constitutes the noble harbour of Berehaven. Whiddy Island, extending 3^ miles in length northeastward, lies 1^ mile west of the town of Bantry, and screens the whole of the west side of Bantry Harbour or anchoring ground. The islands in Bantry bay, additional to Berc and Whiddy, arc all small ; and the chief of them bear the names of Garrinish, Stuke, Horse, and Sheelhane Islands. The Grelogh Rocks and the Leek Rock lie respectively 4^ miles south and 9^ south-west of Crow Head. Dursey Island measures 4 miles in leo^h south-westward, and is separated by a narrow sound from Crow Head and the adjacent parts of the peninsula which that promontory terminates; The three islets called the Calf, the Cow, and the Bull, lie respectively IJ mile south by west, Ij mile west, and 2^ miles west of Dursey Island ; and the Cow is 1^ mile distant from the Calf, and the Bull 1 mile from the Cow. The principal islands in the Kenmare estuary, within a line drawn from the north end of Dursey Island to Lamb Head, are Rossmore, Dunkerrin, Cappancush, Sheep, Pigeon, and Green Island, and Illansloe, lUansharkey, Inniskellig, Illanleagh, Illanrane, Illanslane, and Inishfinard ; and the first and second of these — Rossmore and Dunkerrin — measure respectively 1^ mile and 1 mile in length. Two Head Island, 1 mile in length, lies half-a-mile south-west of Lamb Head. Hog and Scara Islands lie respectively 2| miles south and 3^ south by west of Hog Head. Horse Island, a mere dot of land, yet of some local note, lies close to the west side of Ballinaskelligs bay. The Great Skellig and the Little SkelHg Rocks — the former soaring to an altitude of 707 feet above sea-level, and both possessing a character of singular power and wildness — ^lie respectively 8} miles west by south and 7^ due west of Bolus Head. The Lemon Rock lies 2{ miles north-east of Little Skellig, and 4} miles west-north-west half-west of Bolus Head. Puffin Island, Ij mile in length south-westward, screens the west side of St. Finnan*s bay, and approaches within about ^ of a mile of the mainland. Valentia Island measures 6h miles south-westward, and 2^ miles north-westward, screens the whole of the curved sound of Valentia Harbour, and is diversified in its surface by the hills of Carramore, Carrabeg, and Fohilly, the last of which has an altitude of 686 feet above sea-level. The islets called Long Island and Church Island lie at the south entrance to Valentia Harbour ; and Innisbeg and Lamb Island — the former upwards of a mile in length — ^lie within the north entrance. The Blasquet Islands — consisting of Inishtuiskero, Inishbeg, the Great Blasquet, Tiraght, Inishnubro, Inishmakillaan, the Foze Rock, and a number of skerries — ^lie from 1 mile to 10 miles seaward of Dunmore Head, chiefly in the direction of south-west ; and the Great Blasquet, by much the largest island of the group, measures 3^ miles in length. A sprinkling of islets and rocks, the principal of which are Illanemeil, Illanamoyne, and Garrah Island, lie nearly under a straight line between Brandon Head and Kerry Head ; and the Mucklagh Rock and Samphire Island lie respectively in Ballyheigue bay and Tralee bay. The principal islands within the estuary of the Shannon arc Innispike,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

Slate quarrying at Glenpatrick, County Waterford

Glenpatrick · townland · Waterford

Older transition slate at Glenpatrick in County Waterford was extensively suitable for roofing slate and was being successfully quarried. The slate was of similar age, composition, and structure to that found in Down, Kildare, Wicklow, and Wexford.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

A seventh district of great extent — and the third which contains a large aggregate of transition rocks — stretches .from Waterford on the east, to Dingle bay on the west, and comprehends very nearly the whole of co. Waterford, and large portions of the counties of Cork and Kerry. This district contains abundance of carboniferous or mountain limestone, and two varieties of transition slate, an older and aoiewer. The limestone forms the bottom of the valleys of all the principal rivers, and is found aroundthe edges of the great sea^loughs and bays. The older transition slate is grey in colour, of similar age, composition, and structure, to Uiat of Down, Eildare, Widclow, and Wexford, and extensively mitable to be used as roofing slate; and it is successfully quarried at Glenpatrick in co. Waterfd^, and West Carbery in cq. Cork. '^ The second or newer slate, usually rests unconformably on the older. The lower portions of its strata consist of alternating beds of brownish red quartzese conglomerate, and coarse red slate. These strata are succeeded by alternations of red and grey quartz rock, red quartzose slate, and clay slate, the grain becoming gradually finer as the be^s accumulate and recede farther from the conglomerate, till at length the upper beds produce varieties of purple, brownish, red, and reddish grey clay slate, which are quarried and used as roofing slate, particularly in the vaUey of the river Blackwatcr, near Lismore. In the counties of Waterford and Cork, these strata form successive undulations, the ridges of which have an east and west direction, and the beds jalways incline towards the valleys of the principal rivers, And thus form troughs, which are filled by indurated sandstone and secondary limestone, whose strata rost conformably on the day slate. The southern clay slate district contains several copper and lead mines of great value, some of which are now being worked on an extensive scale, and with signal success, particularly those of Knockmahon in co. Waterford, and of Allihies near Berehaven in co. Cork. Mining operations have lately been commenced with great spirit at Ardtully, near Kenmare, in co. Kerry ; and extensive works have, till within a short period, been carried on at the Ardley copper minesi near the southrwestem coast of co. Cork,"

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Slievenamon, loftiest summit of SE Tipperary

near Slievenamon · mountain or mountain range · Tipperary

The south-eastern mountains of Tipperary are described as a small but lofty group in the eastern district of East Iffa and Offa. Their principal summit is Slievenaman at 2,364 feet, followed by Carrickabrock at 1,859 feet and Knockclunna at 1,654 feet.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

We have included so large a proportion of the interior mountains of Ireland in our view of the seaboard uplands round the circuit of the coast, that very few remain to be noticed. A scattered series, rendered conspicuous chiefly by its central position and the prevailing lowness of the inter* secting and surrounding country, is bounded on the north by a line drawn from Sootshouse to Oastle-Blaney, on the east by a line from Castle-Bl&ney to Nobber, on the south by a line from Kobber to Castle-Pollard, and on the west by a line from Castle-Pollard to Sootshouse ; and its principal summits are Knocklade 795 feet, Slievenaoalliagh 1,904, Ballybrusk 651, Scriboge 618, Carrickleck 599, Einan 629, Carrickaveilty 886, Enockawallis 709, Gola 691, a hei^t 6^ miles west of Carrickleck 629, a height 5 miles north-east of Virginia 713, a height 4J- miles north-northwest of Virginia 535, a height 3j^ miles south-south-east of Stradone 712^ a height 3 miles northwest of Newbridge 857, a height IJ mile east-north-east of Drum 448, a height 3^ miles north of Stradone 509, a height 3 miles north-west of Stradone 515, Ard-Kilmore 767, and Slieveglagow 1,050. In the central tracts of Leinster are a few isolated heights, whose summits figure conspicuously in the great expanse of flat country ; particularly Knockdomney 515 feet high and 6 niiles east of Athlone, Knockasha 660 feet high and 5 miles north-east of Moate-Grenogue, a height of 488 feet in altitude and 5^ miles south-east of Ballymore, a height of 602 feet in altitude and 4 miles east-north-east of Balljrmore, a height of 416 feet in altitude and 5 miles north-east of Ballymore, a height of 496 feet in altitude and 4^ miles west-north-west of Mullingar, a height of 418 feet in altitude and 4^ miles south-west of Castletowndelvin, Sion Hill 497 feet high and 4 miles south-south-east of Castletowndelvin, Tyfamham 486 foet high and 5^ miles north of Mullingar, Croghan 769 feet high and 4 miles south-east of TyrreFs Pass, Red Hills 656 feet high and 4 miles south-south-east of Rathangan, a height of 769 feet in altitude and 3| miles south of Rathangan, and the HiU of AUen 676 feet high and 3J nules south-west of Robertstown. The Slievemargy or Castle-Comer mountains occupy a space of 26 miles by 15, between the rivers Barrow and Nore, and around the junction-point of Queen's county and the counties of Carlow and Kilkenny ; and their principal summits are Carrickusheen, the Rocky Hills, Slievelogh, Scotland Hill 1,079 feet, CuUenagh 1,045 feet, Ardagh, Knocknacath, Cloghagrenan 1,032 feet, Anager 993, a height of 1,027 feet 2| miles south of Ballinakill, a height of 1,001 feet 3^ miles east of BallinakUl, and a height of 836 feet 2 miles south-east of Ballyragget. The Slievebloom mountains are a continuous range of 16^ miles in length ; they extend south-westward along the mutual boundary and border of Queen's county and King's county to the northern vicinity of Roscrea ; and their principal summits are the Ridge of Cappard 1,677 feet in altitude, the Conies 1,676, Slievebloom 1,691, Arderin 1,733, a height 3 miles north of Arderin 1,113, a height 3 miles southwest of Arderin 1,411, and a height 3 J miles north-east of Roscrea 756. The Devil's Bit mountains form a ridge nearly continuous with the Slievebloom mountains; they extend about 12 miles south-south-westward from the southern vicinity of Roscrea ; and they lift their principal summit to the altitude of 1,572 feet, but are in general very considerably lower. Three isolated heights are situated between the north end of the Devil's Bit mountains and the Slievemargy mountains ; one of them G49 feet in altitude and 5 J miles south-east of Roscrea, Knockaha 659 feet in altitude and 4^ miles west west by south of Rathdowney, and CuUa Hill 914 feet in altitude, and 3| miles south-east of Durrow. The Galmoy mountains in the north-west of the county of Kilkenny have six summits of respectively 1,156, 437, 445, 1,000, 635, and l,li56 feet in altitude ; the Brandon mountains on the eastern border of the county of Kilkenny have four summits of respectively 1,008, 1,304, 1,694, and 655 feet in altitude ; and the Booley mountains in the south of the county of Kilkenny have eight summits of respectively 677, 7C0, 882, 599, 509, 457, 458, and 490 feet in altitude. The south-eastern mountains of Tipperary are a small but lofty group in the eastern district of East Iffa and Ofla ; and their principal summits are Slicvenaman 2,364 feet, Carrickabrock 1,859, Knockclunna 1,654, a height l^ mile north-east of Knockclunna 1,088, and a height 2^ miles north-east of Knockclunna 852. The Bilboa or Kilnemanagh and the Keeper mountains are a sort of double congeries in the south-west of Tipperary ; they extend over a district of 16 miles by 11 ; and their principal summits are Knockbane 1,188, KnockaviUoge 1,216, Foilnaman 1,205, Knocknascreggan 1,296, Knockteogue 1,312, Moher-Slieve 1,783, Keeper mountain 2,278, Moher 987, a height 3^ miles north by west of Knockbane 1,295, a height 3} miles north-west of Knockbane 1,501, a height 2 miles north-east of Knocknascreggan 1,218, a height 2 J miles north of Knockteogue 1,543, a height If mile north-north-west of Keeper mountain 1,607, and a height 4 miles south-south-west of Keeper mountain 1,204. The Slievephelim mountains in the north-east comer of the county of Limerick are a conjoint mass with both the Bilboa and the Keeper series ; they occupy an area of 13 miles by 5 ; and their principal summit IB Croghan. The chief interior summits of the county of Limerick are Knockdirk, Pallas Hill,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 19

South Dublin the most populous poor-law union

South Dublin · administrative county · Dublin · 1838–1843

South Dublin was the most populous of the 130 poor-law unions, with a population of 182,755. This contrasted sharply with Gortin, the least populous union, which had only 17,315 inhabitants.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

TiooB to the opening of workhouses, £9,402 148. lid. was for elections of guardians, ;£37,052 188. 7^ for valuation, £3,621 Is. 6d. for vaccination, £11,956 ISs. Igd. for salaries of officers, £11,505 148. Ojd. for furniture, £2,304 148. lOjd. for fixtures and fitting, £18,434 188. 7id. for bedding, £17,722 148. Id. for clothing, £1,322 188r9^d. for utensils and materials for setting the paupers to work, and £13,061 188. 4^. for other expenses ; and of the expenses incurred subsequent to the opening of workhouses, £236,471 lis. 6|d. was for maintenance of paupers in food, medicine, clothing, fuel, Ac, £19,183 10s. Ijd. for bedding, £13,586 28. lid. for furniture, £12,036 10s. 6d. for fixtures and fitting, £4,770 Ms. Id. for utensils and materials for setting the paupers to work, £2,555 28. 5d. for vaccination, £1,523 15s. 6d. for elections of guardians, £1,369 6s. for law expenses, £8,870 in instalments of workhouse loan, £34,988 8s. 4|d. for salaries of officers, and £31,326 19b. 0^ for other expenses. The unions, in the order in which they rank, or in the •rder of the dates of their declaration, together with the extent of each in statute acres, are Limerick, 124,130; Belfast, 47,702; Rathkeale, 108,340; Newcastle, 132,895; Lisbum, 119,300; Kilmallock, 151,179 ; Lurgan, 80,120 ; Londonderry, 139,199; Kinsale, 77,770 ; Tipperary, 185,561 j Gashel, 141,360; Skibbereen, 236,398; Celbridge, 85,400; Clogheen, 73,113; Nenagh, 184,712; Kaas, 199,335; Bandon, 143,460; Middleton, 145,683; Banbridge, 124,860; Fermoy, 195,316; Mallow, 151,050; Gonmel, 89,958 ; Thurles, 125,139; €allan, 106,633; Dungarvan, 163,826; Lis- MMwe, 95,397 ; Dunshaughlin, 109,096 ; Balrothery, 76,988 ; Cork, 142,688 ; Athlone, 199,109 ; Stra- Une, 134,209; Waterford, 146,467; Armagh, 154,281; Newry, 137,911; Edenderry, 140,396; Sortin, 111,248; Castle-Derg, 9,758 ; Roscrea, 155,374; Parsonstown, 150,140; Omagh, 174,603 ; Longford, 208,625 ; Trim, 113,529 ; Galway, 217,814 ; Carrick-on-Suir, 105,543 ; Ballinasloe, 126,944 y North Dublin, 38,914 ; South Dublin, 44,474 ; Dundalk, 104,372 ; Drogheda, 101,042 ; Navan, 93,327; Ennis, 143,339 ; Kilkenny, 275,825; Kells, 114,620; Shillelagh, 58,577; Sligo, 254,995; Dungannon, 102,474; Kihrush, 115,746; ScarifT, 108,975; Kilkeel, 81,726; Ennistymon, 152,609; Rathdown, 51,154; Cootehill, 104,988; Gort, 89,828; Boyle, 181,293; Ardee, 95,039 ; Cookstown, 96,730; Canick-on-Shannon, 132,516; Manor-Hamilton, 157,159; Newtown-Ardes, 93,924; MohiU, 137,768; Loughrea, 126,095; Roscommon, 176,775; Castlerea, 239,665; Tullamore, 157,968; Tuam, 135,233 ; Newtownlimavaddy, 150,625 ; Bathdrum, 207,358 ; Mullingar, 251,054 ; Mona^ban, 112,043; Carrickmacross, 60,469; Ballinrobe, 190,635; Castleblayney, 93,504; Castlebar, 148,477 ; Bailieborough, 88,027 ; Baltinglass, 143,935 ; Magherafelt, 155,847 ; Cavan, 178,723 ; Gokraine, 112,176; Abbeyleix, 113,400; Mountmellick, 220,968; Gorey, 121,585; Dunmanway, g9,802 ; Macroom, 194,981 ; Kanturk, 247,049 ; Downpatrick, 147,367 ; Oldcastle, 108,568 ; BallyaKmey, 127,057; Enniscorthy, 192,601; Clones, 71,566; New Ross, 186,596; Listowel, 209,261 ; TMee, 350,722 ; Swineford, 133,026; Ballycastle, 102,530; Ballymena, 161,326; Lame, 117,733; Antrim, 116,342; Granard, 138,970; Wexford, 111,200; Ballyshannon, 137,024; Lisnaskea, 98,147 ; BdHna, 507,154 ; Westport, 341,117 ; Enniskillen, 231,961 ; Clifden, 191,426 ; Lowtherstown, 75,783 ; Guiow, 179,709 ; Eillamey, 253,269 ; Innishowen, 159,323 ; Cahirciveen, 146,296 ; Kenmare, 271,245 ; Btntry, 137,266 ; Donegal, 156,890 ; Stranorlar, 113,956 ; Athy, 161,878 ; Clogher, 101,203 ; Letterkenay, 101,998; Milford, 112,748; Dunfanaghy, 128,220; and Glenties, 260,625. Sufficiently full and minute statistic notices of each of the unions will be found in our article on the place whence it bai its name. As to superficial extent, the largest union is Ballina, the smallest one is North Dubfin, and the smallest rural one is Rathdown ; and as to population, the largest is South Dublin, 182,755, and the smallest is Gortin, 17,315. The electoral divisions into which each union is distributed vary in number from 8 in South Dublin to 29 in Omagh ; and each consists of townlands, lad it chargeable with the support of the poor whom it furnishes to the workhouse. The 130 workhtnaes were estimated to cost between £1,100,000 and £1,200,000 ; and they have been erected by meanf of loans from government, free of interest for 10 years, and to be repaid by annual instal- Bents within 20 years. The poor-law commissioner receives a salary of £2000 ; each of 11 assistiBt oommissioners receives a salary of £700 ; and the clerk of each union, and the master and aiatron of each workhouse, receive salaries of respectively £60, £40, and £25 or £30. The clerk of the union, however, is the returning officer of the guardians ; and, in that capacity, receives a fee distinct from his salary. The clothing and diet of the paupers, and the structure and economy of the workhouses, are noticed as follows by Mr. and Mrs. Hall : — " The clothing of the adult consists of a coat and trowscrs of barragon, cap, shirt, shoes, and stockings. The female \ are supplied with a striped jerkin, a petticoat of linsey woolsey, and another of stout cotton, a cap, riiift, shoes, and stockings. The male children have each a jacket and trowscrs of iascian, a shirt, and a woollen cap. The female children have each a cotton frock and petticoat, a oip, and a linsey woolsey petticoat. Each bed is supplied with a straw mattress, with blankets, bolsten, &c The able-bodied women and children sleep in double beds ; the sick, the infirm, and tJbt male persons sleep in single beds. The diet varies in particular unions, chiefly depending on the condition of the poor in the neighbourhood, the object being to give such diet to the inmates

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 94

Striped marble at Killarney

Killarney · town · Kerry

White and red striped crystalline marble is found at Killarney, among other locations, representing the natural geological variations in the region.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

and thence to Oranmore. Black marble occurs under similar circumstances in the ne^hbourhood of Westport in Majo, and of Oarlow and Kilkenny ; also mottled black and white, in the neighbourhood of Mitchelstown, at the base of the Galtees mountains ; likewise filled with organic remains in the neighbourhood of Cork, and many other places. 'Where carbon, the colouring matter, is wanting, we have crystalline marble of various tints, as brownish red at Armagh, white and red striped at Killamey, Kenmare, Cork Harbour, and Castletown, 9 nules north of Nenagh, co. Tipperary ; red and yellowish white at Clononey, in King's co. ; and brownish red, mottled with grey of various shades, at Ballymahon, in co. Longford. Grey and dove marbles occur in numerous places, particularly at the base of the Curlew mountain, near Lough Arrow, in CO. Sligo ; near the Seven Churches, south of Athlone, in King's co. ; and at Carrickacrump, near Cloyne, in co. Cork. Nearly the whole of the marble quarries here mentioned, dispersed from north to south, occur near the outer edge of the limestone boundary, where it rests either on the yellow sandstone, or on some older rock. When they are met with in the interior, as at Clononey and the Seven Churches in King's co., it will be seen that detached hills of yellow sandstone, as already described, rise up from beneath the limestone strata, in their immediate neighbourhood ; thus showing that the marble beds do belong to the lower portions of the series. The marble beds are succeeded by strata of grey or greyish blue limestone, which occupy a greater or less extent of country, in proportion as the strata effect a steep or slight angle of inclination from the horizon. In many cases the strata undulate, forming very flat curves ; and where such occur, of course the same bed may frequently be met with at the surface, throughout a large district. Excepting in the northern counties, where the succession of the limestone series is fiilly and closely developed, it is almost impossible to determine, with any precision, on the point where the lower limestone may be said to terminate, and the calp or the upper limestone to commence. In many localities of the midland and southern counties, the black shale or calp series is altogether wanting, or it occurs so sparingly, that, without a laborious and minute examination, it will not be detected."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Wexford Harbour's bar and shifting sands

near Wexford Harbour · estuary · Wexford

Wexford Harbour penetrates the land 6½ miles westward and expands to 8 miles breadth, but has a bar at the mouth and is everywhere shallow and encumbered with shifting sands, limiting its usefulness as a harbour.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Dublin bay — famous for the exquisite beauty of its shores and the dazzling brilliance of its seaboard — penetrates the land 7 miles westward, has ordinary tides of 9 feet, and spring tides of 13 feet ; and, though highly barred and of troublesome navigation at the head, possesses on its south side the fine artificial harbour of Kingstown. The principal harbours between Dublin bay and Wexford Harbour, are those of Wicklow and Arklow ; but the latter is bad, the former is indifferent, and every minor one is subordinated at best to the precarious accommodation of fishing craft. Off the middle of the coast of Wicklow, the tidal stream sets fr^m north to northeast, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 12 and 7 feet ; 10 miles off Cahore Point, the stream sets north by east half-east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 14 and 7 feet, and 15 miles off the entrance of Wexford Harbour, the stream sets north-north-east, and spring tides rise 13 feet. Wexford Harbour, though narrow at the entrance, penetrates the land 6j miles westward, and expands interiorly to an extreme breadth of 8 miles ; but it has a bar at the mouth, and is everywhere shallow, and encumbered with shifting sands. At 20 miles south-east of Camsore Point, the stream sets north-north-east half-east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 17 and 9 feet ; and at 8 miles south-south-east of Camsore Point, the stream sets north-east by north to east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 14 and 6^ feet. Tacumshane Lough, immediately west of Camsore Point, and the waters of Ballyteigue and other bays between Crossfemogue Point and Hook Head, are so shallow that they can scarcely boast the dignity of even very minor havens. Waterford Harbour enters between co. Wexford and co. Waterford, attains an extreme interior breadth of 3^ miles, extends 11^ miles northward to the confluence of the Suir and the Barrow, and 4^ miles farther up the Suir to the city of Waterford ; and, besides connecting the valuable navigation of the Barrow and the Suir with the ocean, it is so deep as to carry vessels of IKX) tons up to the city, and also possesses on its west side and near its entrance the pretty and convenient mail-packet station of Dunmore. Alland's bay, between Swiney Head and Brownstown Head, is a mere open sweep, walled round with bluff shores. The tidal current, 4^ miles south of the entrance of this bay, runs at the rate of three miles in the hour. Tramore bay, immediately west of Brownstown Head, penetrates the land to the extent of 2 miles ; but it is quite open, — ^it has foul and rocky ground, — it is swept by a very rapid tidal current, — it becomes trembling and tempestuous in any wind between the south-south-east and the west-south-west ; and, being often mistsken in hazy weather for the entrance to Waterford Harbour, it is one of the most dangerous pieces of water within the whole circle of the Irish coast. The chief marine indentations between Tramore bay and Dungarvan Harbour, are Bonmahon bay, Ballydowan bay, Blind Cove, and donea bay; but all are unsheltered, and of comparatively small value. Dungarvan Harbour BMasures 6 miles across the entrance, and penetrates the land to the extent of 5 miles ; but it is all shallow, principally dry at low water, and not deeper at the town than 9 feet in spring tides. Hhe principal marine indentations between Dungarvan bay and the estuary of the Blackwater, are Moggort's bay, Ardmore bay, and Whiting bay ; but, in a general view, they are small, open, wmd iroD-bovBd. The estuary of the Blackwater or Youghal Harbour, suddenly contracts from 4

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

Whiddy Island shields Bantry Harbour

near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

Whiddy Island, extending 3.5 miles north-eastward, lies 1.5 miles west of the town of Bantry and screens the entire west side of Bantry Harbour and its anchoring ground.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Great Island, 4^ miles in length ; Little Island, 2^ miles in length ; Foaty Island, 1^ mile in length ; Hawlboline Island, and Spike Island, lie within Cork Harbour. The Sovereign Islands are a mimic group across the mouth of Oyster haven. The Barrels are a little cluster of rocks in Courtmacsherry bay. A series of islets, the chief of which are Adam*8 Island, Squince Island, Low Island, High Island, Ragged Island, Skiddy Island, and Horse Island, closely flank the coast between Ross Harbour and Toe Head. The Stags of Castlehaven are a cluster of bold, beetling rocks, one mile south oif Toe Head. Kedge Island is a pendicle of insulated ground, 2 miles eastsouth-east of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour. Cape Clear Island, terminating 7 miles southwest of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour, measuring 3| miles south-westward, and possessing an extreme altitude of 436 feet above sea-level, forms — ^with the exception of the Fastnet Rock, 3^ miles south-west of it — ^the most southerly ground in Ireland, and is the point whence most vessels sailing out to the Atlantic take their leave of British soil. Sherkin Island is separated from the north-east end of Cape Clear Island by an islet-sprinkled sound of a mile in breadth, and extends 3^ miles in length north-north-eastward, so as to screen the west side of both the entrance and the interior of Baltimore Harbour. Within a straight line drawn due west from the middle of Sherkin Island to Mizen Head, lies a crowded archipelago, whose chief islands are Innismore 2^ miles in length, Innisbcg 1^ mile, Innisdriscol 1^ mile. Castle Island 1^ mile, Horse Island 1^ mile. Long Island 2| miles. East Calf, Mid Calf, West Calf, Mutton Island, Scheme Island, Carty's Island, Moan Island, Coney Island, and Goat Island. The chief of a number of islets sprinkled athwart Dunmanus bay, are Mannin, Owen, Bulge, Cold, Carbery, Furze, Horse, Leek, and Bird Islands. Bere Island, 6 miles in length in the direction of east by north, and possessing an extreme altitude of 6d4 feet above sea-level, lies within Bantry bay 5 miles north of Sheep*s Head, and screens the whole of the curved sound of from half-a-mile to a mile in breadth, which constitutes the noble harbour of Berehaven. Whiddy Island, extending 3^ miles in length northeastward, lies 1^ mile west of the town of Bantry, and screens the whole of the west side of Bantry Harbour or anchoring ground. The islands in Bantry bay, additional to Berc and Whiddy, arc all small ; and the chief of them bear the names of Garrinish, Stuke, Horse, and Sheelhane Islands. The Grelogh Rocks and the Leek Rock lie respectively 4^ miles south and 9^ south-west of Crow Head. Dursey Island measures 4 miles in leo^h south-westward, and is separated by a narrow sound from Crow Head and the adjacent parts of the peninsula which that promontory terminates; The three islets called the Calf, the Cow, and the Bull, lie respectively IJ mile south by west, Ij mile west, and 2^ miles west of Dursey Island ; and the Cow is 1^ mile distant from the Calf, and the Bull 1 mile from the Cow. The principal islands in the Kenmare estuary, within a line drawn from the north end of Dursey Island to Lamb Head, are Rossmore, Dunkerrin, Cappancush, Sheep, Pigeon, and Green Island, and Illansloe, lUansharkey, Inniskellig, Illanleagh, Illanrane, Illanslane, and Inishfinard ; and the first and second of these — Rossmore and Dunkerrin — measure respectively 1^ mile and 1 mile in length. Two Head Island, 1 mile in length, lies half-a-mile south-west of Lamb Head. Hog and Scara Islands lie respectively 2| miles south and 3^ south by west of Hog Head. Horse Island, a mere dot of land, yet of some local note, lies close to the west side of Ballinaskelligs bay. The Great Skellig and the Little SkelHg Rocks — the former soaring to an altitude of 707 feet above sea-level, and both possessing a character of singular power and wildness — ^lie respectively 8} miles west by south and 7^ due west of Bolus Head. The Lemon Rock lies 2{ miles north-east of Little Skellig, and 4} miles west-north-west half-west of Bolus Head. Puffin Island, Ij mile in length south-westward, screens the west side of St. Finnan*s bay, and approaches within about ^ of a mile of the mainland. Valentia Island measures 6h miles south-westward, and 2^ miles north-westward, screens the whole of the curved sound of Valentia Harbour, and is diversified in its surface by the hills of Carramore, Carrabeg, and Fohilly, the last of which has an altitude of 686 feet above sea-level. The islets called Long Island and Church Island lie at the south entrance to Valentia Harbour ; and Innisbeg and Lamb Island — the former upwards of a mile in length — ^lie within the north entrance. The Blasquet Islands — consisting of Inishtuiskero, Inishbeg, the Great Blasquet, Tiraght, Inishnubro, Inishmakillaan, the Foze Rock, and a number of skerries — ^lie from 1 mile to 10 miles seaward of Dunmore Head, chiefly in the direction of south-west ; and the Great Blasquet, by much the largest island of the group, measures 3^ miles in length. A sprinkling of islets and rocks, the principal of which are Illanemeil, Illanamoyne, and Garrah Island, lie nearly under a straight line between Brandon Head and Kerry Head ; and the Mucklagh Rock and Samphire Island lie respectively in Ballyheigue bay and Tralee bay. The principal islands within the estuary of the Shannon arc Innispike,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

Barony of Athlone: rugged limestone landscape near Mount Talbot

Mount Talbot · townland · Roscommon

The barony of Athlone's ground occasionally displays bare limestone rock in continuous masses and is highest and wildest somewhat south of Mount Talbot. Despite being prevailingly rough and stony, it produces fine herbage making it excellent sheep-walk country.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

ground, occasionally displays the bare limestone rock 111 such continuous masses as to appear grey rather than green, is highest and wildest somewhat south of Mount Talbot; yet, though prevailingly rough ami stony, produces such fine herbage as to be aggregately a series of excellent sbee(>-walk. The largest bogs occur in the vicinity of Athlone and along the Suck ; and turbaries, suflQcient for the supply of fuel, are so generally dispersed as to be, in only a few instances, at an inconvenient distance fFom any habitation. Though the barony is in no place distant more than 5 miles from either Lough Ree, the Shannon^ or the Suck, and though it is not destitute, in the interior, of rivers, loughs, and turloughs, it is in general move arid than an^ other district of the county, and in a few places is all but parched frcKn a deficiency of water. The Granough [which see] is, with the exception of the Suck, the largest interior stream. Some of the loughs and turloughs He at a higher elevation among the hills than is usual in the county ; and though all at present comparatively unattractive, they in soma instances possess pleasing natural features, and might be improved by planting. The largest is Ballaoh: which see. The black cattle pastures are inferior in celebrity to those in the plains of Bovle and the districts of Tulsk and Kilcorkey ; yet they owe their inferiority only to the limitodness of their range or continuous extent. The sheep-walks, as was remarked long ago by the celebrated agriculturist Arthur Young, are of a very superior description. Improvements in tillage and cropping have not yet expelled the rudest practices from numerous farms ; yet they have walked freely athwart the barony, and — what would surprise most English and Scottish theorists — they have proportionally made stronger and more numerous lodgmients on the smaller, the positively Lilliputian holdings, than on farms of any tolerable size. But ** amongst the hills on the side towards the Suck," says Mr. Weld, ** I saw the harvest of considerable fields borne home on the backs of men, women, and children, in bundles proportioned to their respective strength; the carriers barefooted." ** Farms of one, two, and three hundred acres," says the same writer, *'are not rare; but very minute divisions of land, more esperially near towns and villages, are also common. In proportion to the minuteness of the subdivisions the condition of the people appears to become worse. In the vicinity of Athlone, hovels are to be seen of as wretched a description as could be found in any part of the country ; though, upon the whole, improvement is aHoat, and the generality of the new cabins, in every part of the barony, are decidedly superior to those built by the last generation."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 140

Ancient timber preserved beneath western bogs of St. Peter's

near Athlone and Bigmeadow · townland · Roscommon

The western bogs of St. Peter's parish, on the Connaught side of Athlone, cover at a depth of 15 feet and upwards a profusion of oak, yew, and other timber. Iron ore and chalybeate springs occur on every townland in the parish.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Parish of St. Pe/w-.]— This parish, extending along the nght bank of the Shannon, and containing most of the western or Connaught section of the town, is in the barony of Athlone, co. Roscommon. It contains the villages of Bellaugh and Bogoanfin: which see. Length, 4^ miles; breadth, 3^;. area, 7,617 acres. Pop., in 1831, 7,317; in 1841, 3,460. Houses 1,025. Pop. in the town, in 1831, 5,273; in 1841, 3,073. Houses 422. About onethird of the parish is tillage and pasture land, not very fertile ;. and the remainder consists of bog and unprofitable moor. The soil of the arable grounds is mostly argillaceous, in some places very productive, and in many containing brick and coarse pottery cla)r. Moorish flats on the verges of the bogs have a mixture of calcareous ffravel; and the western bogs cover, at a depth of 15 leet and upwards, a profuxion of oak, yew, and other timber, iron ore and chdybeate springs occur on everv townland ; limestone is the prevailing rock ; and shell-marl is, in numerous places, abundant — The tithes of this parish, compounded for £46 15s. 5d., are wholly impropriate, and belong to the Incorporated Society. A perpetual curacy, erected within the parish, and co-extensive with It, is a separate benefice in the dio. of Elphin. Gross income, £131 Is. 7id. ; nctt, £130 I8s. l^d. Patron, the diocesan. A cumte has a stipend of £75. The church was built in 1804, at the cost o^
96

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 141

Armoy parish church built in 1820

near Armoy · parish · Antrim · 1820

The parish church of Armoy was built in 1820 using a loan of over £383 from the late Board of First Fruits.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

toirer is a cemetery. About 2 miles distent, and more inland, is an old castle, enclosed in plantation, but unnoticed in history. Fairs are held in the village on Jan. 5, Feb. 25, March 29, May 25, Nov. 12, and Dec. 25. Area of the villaffe, 1 1 acres. Pop., in 1831, 129; in 1841, 315. Houses 61 — Arrooy parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, £225. Gross in. come, £259 lOs. ; nett, £232 Ts. 3d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1820, by means of a loan of £383 Is. 6^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 150 ; attendance, from 00 to 60. A Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 150 to 400, and a Roman Catholic chapel by from 100 to 400; and the latter shares with the chapel of Ballintoy the services of one officiate. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 676 Churchmen, 817 Presbyterians, 1 other Protestant Dissenter, and 1,359 Roman Catholics; 2 Sunday schools were attended by from 155 to 205 children; and 4 daily schools, two of which were aided respectively with £5 from the rector, and £8 from the National Board, bad on their books 164 boys and 102 girls.
ARNEY (The), a river of the co. Leitrim, Connaught, and the co. Fermanagh, Ulster. Its remotest head-stream rises 2\ miles south-east of Manor- Hamilton, and runs 7 miles eastward to Lough Cane, or Upper Lough Macnean. Another considerable head-stream rises not far from the centre of the Fermanagh barony of Magheraboy, and flows southwestward to the same lake. The river is popularly viewed, however, as issuing from the foot of Lough Nitty or Lower Lough Macnean, 9( miles south-east of the latter head-stream's inosculation with Lough Cane ; and thence it has a course of about 7 miles, in a direction south of east, to Upper Lough Erne, at a point 5 miles south of Enniskillen. The stream has almost everywhere wooded banks, and luxuriates over much of its course among the beautiful demesne grounds of Florence Court. The Amey and the chain of lakes which it connects form the line of division between the dioceses of Clogher and Kilmore.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

Aughrim village and Ballymanus, ancient seat of the Byrnes

Ballymanus · townland · Wicklow

Aughrim village stands on the Aughrim river in Wicklow. A mile from the village in opposite directions are the mansions of Clone and Ballymanus, the latter an ancient seat of a branch of the Byrne family.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

AUGHRIM, or Aohrim, a village in fhe barony of Ballinacor, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It stands on the Aughrim river, and on the road from Rathdruiii to Newtownbarry, 6| miles south-south-west of Rathdrum, 8 west-north-west of Arklow, and 35 south by west of Dublin. Fairs are held here on June 22, Nov. 2*2, and 4th Tuesday of Dec. In 1839-40, a dispensary in the vilUge, under the Rathdrum Poor-law union, received £90 15s., expended £101 138., administered to 2,724 patients, and served for a district containing a pop. of 8-,829. A mile distant from the village, but in opposite directions, are the mansions of Clone and Ballymanus; the latter an ancient seat of a branch of the Byrne family.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

Ballydaniel seat and underground rivulet near Youghal

Ballydaniel · townland · Cork

Ballydaniel is a seat on the west side of Youghal Harbour commanding extensive views of coast and ocean. A notable feature in its vicinity is a rivulet that runs about a mile underground.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLYDANIEL, a seat on the weet side of Youghal Harbour, and not far from the town of Youghal, CO. Cork, Munster. It commands an extensive view of the coast and the ocean ; and in its vicinity a rivulet runs about a mile under ground.
BALL YD AVID, a cape at the north-east side of the entrance of Smerwick Harbour, parish of Kilquane. barony of Corkaguiney, co. Kerry, Munster. It is a signal station ; and is situated 6^ miles northnorth-west of Dingle.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballygorman, most northerly village in Ireland

Ballygorman · townland · Donegal

A village in the parish of Cloncha, Donegal, standing near the extremity of the peninsula terminating in Malin Head, making it the most northerly village in Ireland. Near it are a signal-tower and a small harbour and pier.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLYGORMAN, a village in the parish of Cloncha, barony of Innishowen, co. DonegsJ, Ulster, Post-town, Cam. Pop. about 250. It stands near the extremity of the peninsula which terminates in Malin Head, and is the most northerly village in Ireland. Near it are a signal-tower and a small harbour and pier.
B ALLYGORUM. See Balltourrum.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballyshannon town plan and street layout

Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

The main street of Ballyshannon expands into a triangular area and forks into two curving streets, one leading toward Donegal and the other toward Abbey Island. Alleys and subordinate streets give the town a breadth of about 380 yards and a length of about 450 yards, though much of the area is irregularly built.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

at the end of the bridge, deflects slightly from the direction of right angles with the course of the river, soon expands into a spacious triangular area, and then forks into two streets which have a curving course, and which send off the thoroughfares to Donegal and Abbey Island in a combination of deflection and curvature. Alleys and subordinate streets so far wing the chief streets as to render the breadth and length of the main body of the town, respectively about 380 and 450 yards. But a great part of this area is both incompactly and most irregularly edificed ; and the whole town is destitute of the taste which might have rendered the peculiar character of its site not a little conducive to comfort and beauty. The parish-church is an old building, and surmounts the summit of the hill on the west side of the town. One Roman Catholic chapel stands east of the eastern line of the principal street; and another stands on the borough boundary- line on the south side of Purt. But these buildings, and a Presbyterian meeting-house, and some schools, have no architectural pretensions ; and, as to their statistics, they will be noticed in the articles Kilbarron and Innismacsaint. The market-house and the sessions-house constitute one building, and stand in a central position. A barrack is generally occupied as a depot by part of an infantry regiment.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

Balteagh rivulet and its course to the Roe

near Balteagh · parish · Derry

The Balteagh rivulet rises south of Boyd's Mountain in co. Londonderry and runs 7 miles north-westward to join the Roe, 2 miles below Newtownlimavaddy. Its bed is in part a calcareous freestone.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALTEAGH (The;, a rivulet of the barony of Kcnaught, co. Lotidotiderry, Ulster. It rises to the south of Boyd's Mountain, about 1^ mile north-west of the source of the Agivey, one of the principal affluents of the lower Bann ; and it runs 7 miles north-westward to a confluence with the Roe, at a point 2 miles below Newtownhmavaddy. Its bed is in part a calcareous freestone.
BALTEAGH, or Balltdaigh, a parish in the eastern half of the barony of Kenaught, 24 miles south-east of Newtownlimavaddy, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It contains the village ot' Drusisdrn : which see. Length, 6| miles; breadth, 5|; area, 11,505 acres, 2 roods, 21 perches. Pop., inlliSI, 3,315; in 1841,3,371. Houses £99. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,242. Houses 573. The surface is part of the west side of the basin of the Roe ; contains part of the luxuriant valley of that river, not very hy^erbolically termed ** the garden of the North ; is bisected by the Balte^h rivulet ; ami consists partly of mountainous ujiland, partly of fertile arable grounds ; and, in a small degree, of shallow moss, covering pebbles of quartz. The roads from Newtownlimavaddy to Dungaunon and Crossferry run respectively southward along the western border, and eastward through the interior. — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £373 18s. 6d. ; glebe, £100. Gross income, £473 18s. 6d. ; nett, £436 18s. 10|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1814. by means of a gift of £643 3s. Id. from the late Board of First Fruits, and received, in 1824, the addition of a gallery by means of a loan of £276 15s. 5.^d. from the Board. Sittings 150; attendance, from 80 to 100. A Presbyterian meeting-house in connexion with the General Assembly is attended by 180 in wmter, and 300 in summer. A Roman Catho-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

Bilboa and Keeper mountains in SW Tipperary

near Slievekimalta or Keeper Hill · mountain or mountain range · Tipperary

The Bilboa or Kilnemanagh and the Keeper mountains form a double congeries in the south-west of Tipperary, extending over a district of 16 miles by 11. Principal summits include Keeper mountain at 2,278 feet and Moher-Slieve at 1,783 feet.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

We have included so large a proportion of the interior mountains of Ireland in our view of the seaboard uplands round the circuit of the coast, that very few remain to be noticed. A scattered series, rendered conspicuous chiefly by its central position and the prevailing lowness of the inter* secting and surrounding country, is bounded on the north by a line drawn from Sootshouse to Oastle-Blaney, on the east by a line from Castle-Bl&ney to Nobber, on the south by a line from Kobber to Castle-Pollard, and on the west by a line from Castle-Pollard to Sootshouse ; and its principal summits are Knocklade 795 feet, Slievenaoalliagh 1,904, Ballybrusk 651, Scriboge 618, Carrickleck 599, Einan 629, Carrickaveilty 886, Enockawallis 709, Gola 691, a hei^t 6^ miles west of Carrickleck 629, a height 5 miles north-east of Virginia 713, a height 4J- miles north-northwest of Virginia 535, a height 3j^ miles south-south-east of Stradone 712^ a height 3 miles northwest of Newbridge 857, a height IJ mile east-north-east of Drum 448, a height 3^ miles north of Stradone 509, a height 3 miles north-west of Stradone 515, Ard-Kilmore 767, and Slieveglagow 1,050. In the central tracts of Leinster are a few isolated heights, whose summits figure conspicuously in the great expanse of flat country ; particularly Knockdomney 515 feet high and 6 niiles east of Athlone, Knockasha 660 feet high and 5 miles north-east of Moate-Grenogue, a height of 488 feet in altitude and 5^ miles south-east of Ballymore, a height of 602 feet in altitude and 4 miles east-north-east of Balljrmore, a height of 416 feet in altitude and 5 miles north-east of Ballymore, a height of 496 feet in altitude and 4^ miles west-north-west of Mullingar, a height of 418 feet in altitude and 4^ miles south-west of Castletowndelvin, Sion Hill 497 feet high and 4 miles south-south-east of Castletowndelvin, Tyfamham 486 foet high and 5^ miles north of Mullingar, Croghan 769 feet high and 4 miles south-east of TyrreFs Pass, Red Hills 656 feet high and 4 miles south-south-east of Rathangan, a height of 769 feet in altitude and 3| miles south of Rathangan, and the HiU of AUen 676 feet high and 3J nules south-west of Robertstown. The Slievemargy or Castle-Comer mountains occupy a space of 26 miles by 15, between the rivers Barrow and Nore, and around the junction-point of Queen's county and the counties of Carlow and Kilkenny ; and their principal summits are Carrickusheen, the Rocky Hills, Slievelogh, Scotland Hill 1,079 feet, CuUenagh 1,045 feet, Ardagh, Knocknacath, Cloghagrenan 1,032 feet, Anager 993, a height of 1,027 feet 2| miles south of Ballinakill, a height of 1,001 feet 3^ miles east of BallinakUl, and a height of 836 feet 2 miles south-east of Ballyragget. The Slievebloom mountains are a continuous range of 16^ miles in length ; they extend south-westward along the mutual boundary and border of Queen's county and King's county to the northern vicinity of Roscrea ; and their principal summits are the Ridge of Cappard 1,677 feet in altitude, the Conies 1,676, Slievebloom 1,691, Arderin 1,733, a height 3 miles north of Arderin 1,113, a height 3 miles southwest of Arderin 1,411, and a height 3 J miles north-east of Roscrea 756. The Devil's Bit mountains form a ridge nearly continuous with the Slievebloom mountains; they extend about 12 miles south-south-westward from the southern vicinity of Roscrea ; and they lift their principal summit to the altitude of 1,572 feet, but are in general very considerably lower. Three isolated heights are situated between the north end of the Devil's Bit mountains and the Slievemargy mountains ; one of them G49 feet in altitude and 5 J miles south-east of Roscrea, Knockaha 659 feet in altitude and 4^ miles west west by south of Rathdowney, and CuUa Hill 914 feet in altitude, and 3| miles south-east of Durrow. The Galmoy mountains in the north-west of the county of Kilkenny have six summits of respectively 1,156, 437, 445, 1,000, 635, and l,li56 feet in altitude ; the Brandon mountains on the eastern border of the county of Kilkenny have four summits of respectively 1,008, 1,304, 1,694, and 655 feet in altitude ; and the Booley mountains in the south of the county of Kilkenny have eight summits of respectively 677, 7C0, 882, 599, 509, 457, 458, and 490 feet in altitude. The south-eastern mountains of Tipperary are a small but lofty group in the eastern district of East Iffa and Ofla ; and their principal summits are Slicvenaman 2,364 feet, Carrickabrock 1,859, Knockclunna 1,654, a height l^ mile north-east of Knockclunna 1,088, and a height 2^ miles north-east of Knockclunna 852. The Bilboa or Kilnemanagh and the Keeper mountains are a sort of double congeries in the south-west of Tipperary ; they extend over a district of 16 miles by 11 ; and their principal summits are Knockbane 1,188, KnockaviUoge 1,216, Foilnaman 1,205, Knocknascreggan 1,296, Knockteogue 1,312, Moher-Slieve 1,783, Keeper mountain 2,278, Moher 987, a height 3^ miles north by west of Knockbane 1,295, a height 3} miles north-west of Knockbane 1,501, a height 2 miles north-east of Knocknascreggan 1,218, a height 2 J miles north of Knockteogue 1,543, a height If mile north-north-west of Keeper mountain 1,607, and a height 4 miles south-south-west of Keeper mountain 1,204. The Slievephelim mountains in the north-east comer of the county of Limerick are a conjoint mass with both the Bilboa and the Keeper series ; they occupy an area of 13 miles by 5 ; and their principal summit IB Croghan. The chief interior summits of the county of Limerick are Knockdirk, Pallas Hill,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 19

Lennon river navigable to Rathmelton

Rathmelton · town · Donegal

The Lennon or Lannan river falls into the west side of Lough Swilly and is tidal and navigable to Rathmelton. This makes Rathmelton an accessible point along the Lough Swilly waterway.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Bonnet, the Glenboy, the Benbo, and the Shanvoe. The Bimroes river carries off the superflucnt waters of Lough Melvin, and is fed or formed, through that lake, by the Garisson, the Baliagh, and the Glen rivulets. The Erne drains a small part of co. Longford, a large part of co. Leitrim, a considerable part of co. Monaghan, very nearly the whole of co. Fermanagh, a small part of co. Tyrone, and a considerable part of co. Donegal; it expands into the large and exquisitely beautiful sheets of Lough Oughter, Upper Lough Enie and Lower Lough Erne ; it connects through the Ulster canal with all the north-eastern navigations of Ireland, is proposed to be connected by canal with the Shannon, and is naturally navigable between Belturbet a few miles above the Upper Lake and Belleek a little below the lower lake, but is hindered by a grand cascade at Ballyshannon from being navigable to the sea ; and its principal tributaries are the Croghan, the Woodford, and the Annalee in co. Cavan, the Clodagh, the Amey, and the Drumany or Colebrook into Upper Lough Erne, the Sillier into the Middle Erne above Enniskillen, and the Ballinamallard and the Bonnagh into Lower Lough Erne. The Esk forms the small estuarial harbour of Donegal, at the head of Donegal bay ; and it carries off the superfluent waters of Lough Esk, and receives the tribute of the Driming. The Enny river, which flows into the head of Inver bay, is navigable for boats over about a mile. The Bunlaghy to the west side of Inver bay, the Corker to MacSwine*s bay, the Bungasteen to Killybegs harbour, and the Ballydoo and the Glen to Muckross bay, are all small rivulets. The Owenea and the Owentocher unite at the village of Ardara, to form the estuary of Loughrusmore. The Guibarra to Guibarra bay, the Trawenagh to Trawenagh bay, the Giiidore and the Clady to Guidore bay, the Ballyness to Ballyness bay, and the Raye in the vicinity of the Ballyness, are all small streams. The Lackagh, which flows into the head of Sheephaven, is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to a point about 600 yards above Lackagh bridge ; and its chief tributaries are the Owencarry and the Olune. The Lennon or Lannan falls into the west side of Lough Swilly, and is tidal and navigable to Rathmelton. The Swilly falls into the head of Lough Swilly, and forms the small tidal harbour of Letterkenny. The streams of Innishowen are all small ; and the chief of them are the Owenkillew and Owencrana to Lough Swilly in the vicinity of Buncrana, the Camdonagh to Streathbreaga bay, and the Culdaff to the head of Culdaff bay.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Lough Arrow's islands and shores

near Lough Arrow · lake or lakes · Sligo

Lough Arrow lies partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo but chiefly within the latter county. It is studded with some beautiful islands and surrounded with not uninteresting shores.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Newtownhamilton and its river

near Newtownhamilton · parish · Armagh

The Newtown-Hamilton river flows 14 miles southward past the town of Newtown-Hamilton under various names, including Whitewater and Creaghan river. It eventually passes into Louth to reach the sea.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Wattn.'] — The great inland sea on the north, shared bv Armagh with four other counties, will be separately described : see Neagh. A chain of small lakes occurs on the south-west bonier, 9 or 10 in number, the chief of which are called Ross, St. Patrick's, and St. Peter's. A still smaller chain on tlie western boundary, near Middletou, possesses some importance for yielding water-power to mills. A tiny kke in the vicinity of the city of Armagh, draws notice from its f:upplying the city with water. But even the largest lakes in the county, which are Camlough between Slieve Girkin and Slieve Gullion, and Clay- Lough in the vicinity of Keady, are of very inferior ma^iitude compared to the fresh- water sheets of some neighbouring counties. The navigation of the Newry canal along the eastern boundary, and that of the Ulster canal along the northern border, will be separately noticed : see Newry and Ulster. The river Bann, which continues the Newry navigation to Lou^h Neagh, has a north -north- westerly course within the county of about 1 1 miles. The Black water flows north-north-eastward along the boundary with Tyrone, over a distance of 15 or 16 miles. The Callen and Tall rivulets, which M\ into the Black water a little below Charlemont, but become confluent about 1^ mile above that point, have each a course of between 10 and 12 miles, the former in a northerly and the latter in a west-north-westerly direction. The Cushier rises on the east side of Slieve Gullion, and runs 16 miles north-north-eastward to the Newry canal. The Newtown- Hamilton river, under the successive names of Whitewater, Tullyvallen river, and Creaghan river, runs 14 miles southward past the town of Newtown-Hamilton, and passes into Louth to inosculate with the sea at the head of Dundalk bay. Taree or MuUybawn river, flows 9 miles parallel with the former, and to the east of it, and passes away to become tributary to it in Louth. The Fane, upon the south-western boundary, is exclusive of its affluent, connected with the county over only about 7 miles, and afterwards runs across a wing of Monaghan and the body of Louth to the sea at Lurgan Green. These streams, and ako the minor ones of Camlough, Tynan, and Fleury, will be more fully noticed in their alphabetical place.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 126

Red limestone soil at Armagh

near Armagh · town · Armagh

The limestone soil in the vicinity of Armagh is noted for its red colour and high fertility in tillage and meadow. This red colour shades off to white as the soil recedes to the west.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

or mountain wildernesft, the general soil is notwith- 1 standing excellent, — occasionally prime, prevailingly fertile, and rarely incapable of improvement and , cultivation. A sandy loam is probablv of rarer oc- ', currence than an^ other soil ; and yet loam of other varieties predommates, and generally lies on an irretentive subsoil. The valleys have naturally a rich and loamy soil, very grassy, producing in great luxuriance, and even rankness, the poa fluitans or water-fescue grass, yet neither marshy nor yielding fliany aquatic plants. The southern declivities of the hills and swells are carpeted with such rich natural grasses, that cattle show great reluctance to leave them for a fresh pasture on a northern exposure. Though much of the uplands is yet clothed with heath, ferns, and kindred herbage, very little is carpeted with moits, orof a character akin to turf -moor. Even the entire bog of the county would, if equally distributed, be little if any more than sufficient to supply the current local demand for fuel ; and occupies, to any extent, the place of a soil to be reclaimed and cultivated, chiefly in consequence of its being largely aggregated in particular localities. As to the vastly preponderating district of naturally arable ground, the soil of the hilly portion is, for the most part, deep and retentive, but superincumbent on such gravelly strata, as, when trenched up, affords all the resources of improvement, — the limestone portion is very grateful both in tillage and in meadow, red in colour at Armagh, shading off to white as it recedes to the west, and forming along the banks of the river a very deep brown loam, so very rich as to be almost a perennial soil, yielding great crops without any manure, — the eastern or Orior barony portion is a light friable stony earth, now sternly siliccou'>. now mixedly argillaceous, and often superincumbent immediately on rock, — the low, flat, and oon:>iderably boggy portion in the north, is partly sheer bog, convertible into red ashes, and easily reclaimable, and partly a light moor on a whitish or yellowish clay, with a suflicient declination to facilitate draining, — and the great north-east portion, or the greater part of the baronies of 0*Neilland, is a rich deep brown loam, lying on clay or ^avel, and highly improveable bv the application of lime.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 127

Roofing slate near Lismore on the River Blackwater

Lismore · town · Waterford

Purple, brownish, red, and reddish-grey clay slate near Lismore in the valley of the River Blackwater was quarried and used as roofing slate. These strata formed successive east-west undulations inclining towards the river valleys.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

A seventh district of great extent — and the third which contains a large aggregate of transition rocks — stretches .from Waterford on the east, to Dingle bay on the west, and comprehends very nearly the whole of co. Waterford, and large portions of the counties of Cork and Kerry. This district contains abundance of carboniferous or mountain limestone, and two varieties of transition slate, an older and aoiewer. The limestone forms the bottom of the valleys of all the principal rivers, and is found aroundthe edges of the great sea^loughs and bays. The older transition slate is grey in colour, of similar age, composition, and structure, to Uiat of Down, Eildare, Widclow, and Wexford, and extensively mitable to be used as roofing slate; and it is successfully quarried at Glenpatrick in co. Waterfd^, and West Carbery in cq. Cork. '^ The second or newer slate, usually rests unconformably on the older. The lower portions of its strata consist of alternating beds of brownish red quartzese conglomerate, and coarse red slate. These strata are succeeded by alternations of red and grey quartz rock, red quartzose slate, and clay slate, the grain becoming gradually finer as the be^s accumulate and recede farther from the conglomerate, till at length the upper beds produce varieties of purple, brownish, red, and reddish grey clay slate, which are quarried and used as roofing slate, particularly in the vaUey of the river Blackwatcr, near Lismore. In the counties of Waterford and Cork, these strata form successive undulations, the ridges of which have an east and west direction, and the beds jalways incline towards the valleys of the principal rivers, And thus form troughs, which are filled by indurated sandstone and secondary limestone, whose strata rost conformably on the day slate. The southern clay slate district contains several copper and lead mines of great value, some of which are now being worked on an extensive scale, and with signal success, particularly those of Knockmahon in co. Waterford, and of Allihies near Berehaven in co. Cork. Mining operations have lately been commenced with great spirit at Ardtully, near Kenmare, in co. Kerry ; and extensive works have, till within a short period, been carried on at the Ardley copper minesi near the southrwestem coast of co. Cork,"

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Aghadown parish church built 1818

Aghadown · townland · Cork · 1818

The Church of Ireland church in Aghadown parish, County Cork, was built in 1818 at a cost of £646 3s. 1d., partly funded by parochial assessment and subscription, but chiefly lent by the late Board of First Fruits. It had 180 sittings with an average attendance of 90.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

AGHADOWN, or Aughadown, a parish on the coast of the eastern divii^ion of West Carbery barony, S| miles south-west of Skibbereen, co. Cork, Munfter. It, for the most part, lies along the river Hen and the west shore of Baltimore harbour ; but H includes also the islands of East Cklf, Hare, East and West Innisbeg, and Scheams. Navigation for sea-borne ressels of 200 tons burden is practicable to near the northern boundary. Most of the land is light, tractable, and tolerably productive. Fairs are held on 6th May and 2d October. Length and breadth of the parish, exclusive of the islands, respectively 5 miles and 2j ; area, 8,952 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,419 ; in latl, 5,757. Houses 968.— ThU parish i* a vicarare, and a separate benefice in the ilia of Ro«s. vicarial tithe composition, £300; glebe, £34 4s. e^d. Gross income, £334 4s. 6]d. ; nett, £272 8s. 9|d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The rectorial tithes are com- |K>unded for £300, and appropriated to the archdeaconry of Ro«s. The church M'as built in 1818, at a cost of £646 3s. Id. ; partly raised by parochial
assessment and subscription, but chiefly lent by th« late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 180; average attendance 90. The Roman Catholic chapel is attended by 1,300. The Churchmen amounted, in 1834, to 506 ; and the Roman Catholics to 5,117. Five day-schools, in 1834, had aggregately on their books 165 boys and 124 girls ; one received £9 from the London Ladies' Hibernian Society; one had £2, and another about £5, from subscription ; and two were pay-schools. In 1842. the Aghadown Loan Fund had a capital of £101, circulated £296 in 206 loans, and cleared £1 Is. of nett profit.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

Aghalurcher parish towns of Lisnaskea and Maguire's Bridge

near Lisnaskea · town · Fermanagh

The Fermanagh section of Aghalurcher parish contains the small towns of Lisnaskea and Maguire's Bridge. Besides these, several villages and numerous mansions and demesnes reciprocate embellishment with the finer localities.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

AGHALURCHER, a parish, partly in the barony of Clogher, co. Tyrone, but chiefly in' that of Magherastephana, co. Fermanagh, Ulster. The Fermanagh section contains the small towns of Li8- NA8KEA and Maguire's- Bridge : see these articles. Length, 15 miles ; breadth, 4 ; area, 48,017 acres, — of which 3,130 acres consist of some small lakes and a portion of Upper Lough Erne. Pop., in 1831, 15,201; in 1841. 16,740. Houses2,949. Pop. of the CO. Tyrone section, in 1831, 1,247; in 1841, 1,304. Houses 221 Pop. of the co. Fermanagh section, in 1831, 13,964; in 1841, 15,436. Houses 2.72a Pop. of the rural districts of the Ferm. section, in 1841, 13,836. Houses 2,453. One-eighth of the f urface is prime land ; one-half is land of middling
qualities ; and three-eighths is principally mountain. The Upper Lough Erne extends along the western border, and contributes features of decided beauty to a pleasing landscape. See Erkb (Lough). Maguire's river rises near the moorish and upland watershed between Fermanagh and Tyrone, and makes s run of about 1 1 miles, all within the parish, soutbwestward to Lough Erne. The stream is spanned by substantial bridges, and, in a small degree, lends its current and volume as a facility of communicBtion. Limestone abounds, and sandstone is extendi vely quarried. Spinning, weaving, and some kindred crafts afford considerable employment. Numerous mansions and demesnes reciprocate embellishment with the finer localities. Besides the post-town of Lisnaskea, and the market- town of Maguire's- Bridge,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

Ardagh village at foot of Ardagh Hill, Limerick

Ardagh · town · Limerick

Ardagh village in Co. Limerick sits at the foot of Ardagh Hill, about 4 miles north of Newcastle and 6.5 miles south-south-west of Askeaton. Fairs are held on May 11, Aug. 14, and Nov. 11, and the village has a branch dispensary.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

ARDAGH, a parish, 5 miles west of Rathkeale,. and partlv in the barony of Glenquin, but chiefly in that of Sbanid, co. Limerick, Munster. The Shanid section contains the village of Ardagh. Length, 3 miles; breadth, 2; area, 9,030 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,197; in 1841, 2,2*23. Houses 342. Area of the Glenquin section, 626 acres. Pop., in 1841, 300. Houses 47* The western district of the parish^ comprising a considerable part of the whole area, is a belt of the broad congeries of rugged mountain,, which stretches away hence into Kerry, and bears, in this portion of it, the name of the GUll of Ardagh. The rest of the surface consists chiefly of good arable land. The village of Ardagh is situated at the foot of Ardagh -hi 11, about 4 miles north of Newcastle, and 6^ south-south-west of Askeaton. Area 37 acres. Pop., in 1831,415; in 1841,386. Houses (>4. Fairs are held on May II, Aug. 14, and Nov. 1i. The village has a branch of the Abbey fcalc
dispensary — Ardagh parish is a rectory in the dio. of Limerick, and forms part of the benefice of St. Michael's, and eorps of the archdeaconry of Limerick. See Michael's (St.) Tithe composition, ^'184 12s. 3|d. The curate of Rathronan performs, within the parish, occasional duties. The Roman Catholic chapel has two officiates, and an attendance of from 1,000 to 1,200. Li 1834, the Protestants amounted to 13, and the Roman Catholics to 2,275; and two National schools, salaried at £18 and £12, had on their books 95 boys and 83 girls. In 1840, there was a third National school.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

Ardcath village and fairs

Ardcath · townland · Meath

The parish of Ardcath contains a village of its own name lying six and a half miles south-south-west of Drogheda. Fairs are held there on May 7, June 21, and October 27.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

ARDCATH, a parish in the barony of Upper Dulet'k, CO. Meath, Leinster. It contains a village of its own name, and lies 6} miles south-south-west (*f Drogheda. The land is in general good. Fairs ure held on May 7, June 21, and Oct. 27. Length
of the parish, 2^ miles; breadth, 2 j ; area, 4,380 acres. Pop., in 1831. 1.774; in 1841, 1,481. Houses 278. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 103. Houses 20 — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Meath ; and fonns part of the benefice of Duleek : which see. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £70, and the rectorial for £195; and the latter are impropriate in Dr. Beaufort. The Roman Catholic chapel is attended by 800 persons ; and shares with Clonal vy chapel the care of two officiates. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 22, and the Roman Catholics to 1,815; and 2 payschools were attended by from 74 to 79 children. In 1840, the National Board salaried a school at Cloghan with £8.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

Ardglass and Killough Harbours described

Ardglass · townland · Down

Ardglass and Killough Harbours, immediately north of St. John's Point in co. Down, are described as small but useful harbours. All other harbours of co. Down are fit only for fishing craft or very small trading vessels.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

mpid tide sweeps the whole of its entrance, and, together with some sunken rooks, oocasioBs it ta be shunned bj all strangers ; the seaward end of the entrance, though exhibited in the Admiralty Charts as having a bar with onlj 12 feet of water at ebb-tide, was proved in 1824 to have, on the Tery line of the alleged bar, a depth of 5 fathoms ; and so powerfully do the tides set in from the a4iiu3ent sea to fill up the great interior space of the Lough, that there is a frequent indraught at even so great a distance as 4^ miles from the entrance. Ardglass and Killough Harbours, immediately north of St. John's Point, are small but useful ; Dundrum bay, though hurge, is unsheltered, aad has only some fishing havens ; and all the other harbours of co. Down are fit only for fishing craft, or very small trading vessels. Lough Carlingford penetrates between co. Down and oo. Louth 9^ miles north-westward to Narrow Water at Warrenpoint ; it has a bar with only 9 feet of water at low spring ebbs, so that it can be entered by laige vessels only in certain states of the tide ; aad it is justly celebrated for the brilliance and sublimity of the scenic character of its diores. The tidal current off the mouth of Lough Carlingford runs 3^ knots in spring tides. Dondalk bay, of very wide entrance and sweeping scope of interior, penetrates the land to the extreme extent of only 9 miles, and is all shallow, and over much of its space dry at low water. Between Dundaik bay and Howth occur several good tide havens, but no tolerable permanent harbour, except the mouth of the Boyne between co. Louth and co. Meath, carrying up large steamers and other heavy vessels to Drogheda, and connecting the interior Boyne navigation with the ocean. Howth Harbour, on the north side of the peninsula of Howth, naturally consists of the narrow sound between that peninsula and the island of Ireland's Eye, and it has, at an enormous expense, been artificially improved to serve as the mail-packet station to Holyhead ; but it has grievously baffled the efforts of engineers, stultified the calculations of economists, and di8^>pointed the expectations of the public.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

Ardglass lighthouse fixed light

Ardglass · townland · Down · 1840

A lighthouse at Ardglass exhibited a fixed light, red toward the sea and bright toward the harbour. Disbursements on account of it in 1840 amounted to £269 1s. 9d.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

effect Bucli improvements as exist, and much more — more than was at their command — has been asked of the Commissioners of Public Works for the execution of various other plans. " It is to be regretted," says Mr. Nimmo, **that after all the money which has been expended upon this harbour, it is still far from answering expectation. When south-east winds set in, which are the most violent on this coast, the deep water being near, a heavy ground-swell runs into Ardglass, and being brought up in a short space by the ledge of the perch-rock, is deflected into the cove forming the present harbour, which, being so much bounded by wall, and steep rock, becomes excessively turbulent ; the craft thump much on the bottom, and can with difficulty hold on with all their tackle ; nor is there any means of escaping at such times into any of the other coves of the bay, so that vessels are frequently seriously damaged." He then points out the defective or erroneous construction of the present works, and proceeding to suggest a remedy, adds : ** My advice would be to cut a passage across the rocky ledge which separates the present from the middle harbour, as far as the opening behind Maggy's Rock, all of which is accessible at low water, and build with this a breakwater on the outer and broader part of the ledge behind the perch. The run having then room to pass away into the middle harbour, and out at its present entrance, would be vastly diminished near the present pier ; and vessels which lie uneasy there, might pass away into the middle harbour when the tide made, lie behind the breakwater aforesaid, or even go on to Kimroer's Port. Again, vessels coming in with too much way to luff up clear of the perch-rock, might go on, enter by the middle harbour, and bring up to the pier by the new passage." In 1827, the port possessed 4 sloops, 2 packets to the Isle of Man, 19 herring smacks of 20 or 25 tons each, and 30 yawls. In 1830, as the rendezvous of the Down fisheries, it had 39 decked vessels of aggregately 1,128 tons, 100 halfdecked vessels of 1,231 tons, 69 open sail-boats of 412 tons, and 300 row-boats of 1,200 tons ; and employed 2,441 fishermen. The export trade of the town, iu its ancient time of prosperity, was for the most part conducted through Killough Harbour, a mile distant, on a straight line ; and that place was, in consequence, called by Speed the Haven of Ardghiss. See Killough. Even yet the trade of the two places, landward and seaward, is so blended as to be treated cumulatively in all the estimates we have seen of its amount. In 1835, the total of carriage inland from the two places was 2,820 tons, and consisted chiefly of coals and manure ; and the total of carriage from the interior to them was 13,700 tons, of which 10,000 were for exportation, 1,800 were stone, lime, and turf, and 1 ,900 were articles, chiefly agricultural produce, for local consumption. In the same year, the estimated value of imports was X2,970, of which £2,860 was for coal, culm, and cinders ; and the estimated value of exports was £35,161, of which ^£21.770 was for corn, £8,846 for potatoes, £3,275 for cows and oxen, £768 for flax and tow, and the rest for horses, kelp, linen, butter, and eggs. A light-house at Ardglass exhibits a fixed light, red toward the sea, and bright toward the harbour. The disbursements on account of it in 1840 amounted to £269 Is. 9(1. In 1839-40, a dispensary in the town, under the Downpatrick Poor-law union, received £145 19s , expended £159 178. Ijd, administered to 520 patients, and served for a district containing a pop. of 8,021, and comprehending an area of 16,553 acres. Ardglass formerly gave the title of Earl to the family of Cromwell, and afterwards that of Viscount to the family of Harrington. Area of the town, 3 1 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,162; in 1841, 1,066. Houses 199.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

Ardnageehy church built c.1798

Ardnageehy · townland · Cork · 1798

The church in the parish of Ardnageehy was built about the year 1798 by means of a gift from the late Board of First Fruits. The parish, traversed by the post-road from Dublin to Cork and cut by the river Bride, contains the villages of Watergrasshill and Glanville.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

ARDNAGEEHY, a parish in the barony of Barry more, 5i miles south-west of Rathcormac, cos. Cork, Munster. It contains the villages of Watkr- GRA8SHILL and Glenyille : see these articles. Length, 12 miles ; breadth, 8 ; area, 16,335 acres. Popv, in 1831, 3,715 ; in 1841, 4,798. Houses 715. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,639. Houses 543. It is traversed southward by the post-road from Dublin to Cork ; and cut eastward into- nearly equal parts by the river Bride. The section south of the river consists of excellent arable land ; and the northern section, though mountainous, is grassy and productive.— This parish is a rectory and aseparate benefice in the dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, £438 9s. 3d. Gross income, £458 9s. 3d. ; nett, £406 13s. S^d. Patron, the diocesan. A eurate has a salary of £69 4s. 7id. The church was built about the year 1798, by means of a gift of £461 10s. 94d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200 ; attendance 25. Two Roman Catholic chapeli, at Watergrasshill and Glen ville, have two officiates; and are attended, the former by 2,200, and the latter by 2,300. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 98, and the Roman Catholics to 3,942 ; a Protestant Sunday school was attended by 18 children; and 7 daily and pay-schools had on their books 166 boys and 99^girls. In 1840, a National school at Grlenville, salaried with £12, was attended by 171 boys and 121 girls.
ARDNAGLASS, a bay on the coast of co. Sligo, Connaught. It opens from the south-west corner of Sligo bay, and projects south-eastward to the village of Ballysadere; and from that vilkig»

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

Ardstraw church built and ornamented with steeple

Ardstraw · townland · Tyrone · 1741–1846

The parish church of Ardstraw was built about 105 years before the publication, and received a steeple after the commencement of the present century. The source or cost of either is not known.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Ardstraw is a rectory and separate benefice in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £1,089. Gross income, £1,646 13s. ; nett, £1,536 19s. 3id. Patron, Trinity College, Dublin. A curate is eraployed at a stipend of £75. The church was built about 105 years ago, and received the ornament of a steeple after the commencement of the present century ; but at what cost, or from what fund, it was either built or ornamented, is not known. Sittings upwards of 500 ; attendance, from 300 to 400. Two schooUhouses at Cavandamgh and Clare are also jointly used as parochial places of worship. Sittings 150 and 200; average attendance, from 200 to 300. A grant was made by the late Boanl of First Fruits of £600 toward the erection of a new church ; but, up to 1837, the difficulty of obtainmg a suitable site had prevented the erection. There are in the parish 3 Roman Catholic chapels; 3 Wesleyan Methodist meeting-houses, the congregations of which rank either as Presbjrterians or as Churchmen ; and 7 meeting-houses belonging to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church, 5 of which were formerly of the Synod of Ulster, and 2 of the Secession Synod. The Roman Catholic chapels of Deragish and Camcore have jointly 2 officiates, and respectively an attendance of from 750 to 800, and from 600 to 650; and that at Glenock has an officiate for itself, and an attendance of from 1,000 to 1,500. The Wesleyan meeting-house at Newtown-Stewart is attended by from 30 to 50 ; that at Lislea, by from 120 to 200 ; and the Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house, bv from 120 to 200. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses at Newtown-Stewart are attended each by from 100 to 200; that at Ardstraw- Bridge, by from 100 to 400 ; that at Douglass, by from 150 to 300; that at Clady, by from 50 to 150 ; that at Garveteagh, by from 100 to 250; and that at Drumligagh, by from 200 to 300. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 3,658 members of the Established church, 9,058 Presbyterians, and 9,556 Roman Catholics ; 13 Sunday sdiools had aggregately an average attendance of from 732 to 1,000 children ; and 33 daily schools had on their books 1,353 boys and 825 giris. Thirteen of the daily schools were under the London Hibernian and Kildarc Place Societies, and one of these 13 received in addition £3 38. from the Hon. G. Stewart, one £10 from the Marquis of Abercom, one about £3 Ss. from the rector, and seven £5 each from the Marquis of Abercorn ; 4 of the other daily schools received either £8 or £10 each from the National Board ; one received £5 from the rector, and £6 6s. from Mr. Gardener's trustees ; and the rest were supported wholly by fees. In 1840, when we find the parish divided into Ardstraw, Ardstraw- East, and Ardstraw- West, the National Board had 2 schools, salaried at £10 and £4 in Ardstraw; 3 at £12, £12, and £8, in Ardstraw- West ; and 2 at £5 (>s. 8d., and £8 in Ardstraw- East, or Newtown- Stewart — In the Roman Catholic ecclesiastical di-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

Ballinabouse seat and plantations in Kildare

Ballina · townland · Kildare

Within the Roman Catholic parish of Ballina in Kildare, Ballinabouse is the seat of Richard More O Ferrall. Extensive plantations belonging to the seat provide a pleasing feature of relief against an adjoining flat boggy plain.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLINA, a Roman Catholic parish, in the united dio. of Kildare and Leighlin. It is in the barony of Carbery, co. Kildare. Post-town, Johnstown-Bridge, Enheld. See Cadamstown. Ballinabouse, within the district, is the seat of Richard More O Ferrall, Esq. ; and extensive plantations, belonging to that seat, contribute a broad and pleasing feature of relief to an adjoining expanse of flat boggy plain.
BALLINA, CO. Cavan. See Ballinaoh.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Ballinaclash parish scenery and demesnes

Ballinaclash · townland · Wicklow

Ballinaclash parish in co. Wicklow is drained by the northern and middle head-waters of the Ovoca river and contains fine scenery in its glens. The vicinity features the brilliant demesnes of Avondale, Ballyarthur, and Castle-Howard.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLINACLASH, a quoad sacra parish, in the civil porish of Rathdrum, barony of Ballinacor, co. Wicklow, Leinster. Length, 10 miles ; breadth, 5 ; area, about 30,000 acres. The surface is drained by the northern and the middle head-waters of the river Ovoca ; and contains some of the finest features and groupings of the exquisite scenery in the glens of these streams. Two -thirds of it are mountainous ; and the rest are tillage, grazing, demesne, and woodlands. The village or hamlet of Ballinaclash stands about 1 J mile south-west of Rathdrum, on the road hence to Aughrim. In its vicinity are the In-illiant demesnes of Avondale, Ballyar-
THUR, and Castle-Howard : which see This

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Ballinacor baronies and Lugnaquilla mountain

Ballinacor · townland · Wicklow

The North and South Ballinacor baronies in co. Wicklow consist of a series of mountains intersected by deep romantic glens and picturesque narrow valleys, containing the major part of the county's celebrated scenery. Lugnaquilla tower aloft on the western border, and the Avonmore river forms part of the eastern boundary.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

hyro Wexford; on the south-west, by the barony of Shillelagh ; and on the west, by co. Carlow, and the buronv of Talbotstown. Their greatest length, from north to south, is 23^ mHes ; and their greatest breadth, in the opposite direction, is 1 0 miles. Area of North Ballinacor, 74,1 10 acres ; of South Ballinacor, 78,316 acres. The surface is a series of mountains, interi^ectcd by deep romantic glens, and picturesque narrow valleys ; and contains the major part of the justly celebrated scenery of the county. The monarch mountain, Lugnaquilla, [which see,] towers aloft on the western border ; and the bed of the Avonmore, the northern head- water of the Ovoca, forms, for some distance, the eastern boundary. The western and larger division is all granitic ; a belt adjacent, and extending from end to end of the barony, consists of rocks altered by granitic influence, or rocks passing from granite to trap and argillaceous fjchist; and a comparatively small eastern district consists chiefly of greywacke and greywacke slate. A very large portion of the area is unimproved and uninhabited — North Ballinacor contains the whole of the parish of Rathdrum^ and parts of the parishes of Callary, Derrylossory, and Knockrath. Pop., in 1841, 10,196. Houses 1,473. Families chiefly employed in agriculture, 1,137; in manufactures and trade, 290; in other pursuits, 169i Males at and above 5 years of age, who could read and write, 1,805; who could read bnt not write, 940; who could neither read nor write, 1,792. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,277; who could read but not write, 1,!60; who could neither read nor write, 1,94^ — South Ballinacor contains the whole of the parishes of Ballinacor, Ballykine, Kilcommon, Moyne, and Preban, and parts of the parishes of Crosspatrick, Hacketstown, Kilpipe, Kiltogan, and Knockrath. Pop., in 18tl, 15,491. Houses 2,440. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,069; in manufactures and trade, 409 ; in other pursuits, 97. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,690 ; who could read but not write, 1,393 ; who cotiid neither read nor write, 2,886. Females at and aba\'e 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,422; who could read but not write, 1,828 ; .who could neither read nor write, 3,349.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Ballinamara church built 1826

Ballinamara · parish · Kilkenny · 1826–1834

A parish in the barony of Cranagh, co. Kilkenny. The church was built in 1826 by means of a gift of £830 from the late Board of First Fruits, with 120 sittings and average attendance of 28.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLINAMARA, or Balltnemara, a parish on the eastern side of the barony of Cranagh, 8| miles south of Fresh ford, co. Kilkenny, Lemster. Length, 2^ miles; breadth, 2; area, 3,839 acres. Pop., in 1831, 867: in 1841, 915. Houses 136. The land graduates in quality from excellent pasturage to light tillage. — This parish is a vicarage and a separate benefice in the dio. of Ossory. The vicarial tithes are compoandcd for £80, and the rectorial for £i60; and the latter are appropriated to the dean and chapter of 9t. Canice, Kilkenny. Gross income, £90 18s. 6d.^ nett, £82 3s 7d. Patrons, the dean and chapter of St. Canice. The church was built in 1826, by means of a gift of £830 153. 4^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 120; average attendance 28. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 64t and the Roman Catholics to -821 ; and 2 daily schools, one of which was aided with about £10 a-year from subscription, had on their books 83 beys and 29 girls.
BALLINAMEEHAN, a Roman Catholic parish in the north-western part of the dio. of Kilmore. Post-town, Manor- Hamilton, co. Leitrim. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Ballintogher village in Sligo

Ballintogher · town · Sligo · 1831–1841

A village in the parish of Killery, barony of Tiraghrill, co. Sligo, standing 3.5 miles south-west of Dromahair. Fairs are held on June 8, July 30, Oct. 17, and Dec. 10. Its area is 15 acres with a population of 234 in 1841.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

It stands 3| miles south-west of Dronahtire. Fairs are belfl on June B, July 30, Oct. 17, and Dec. 10. Area, 15 acres. Pop., in 1631, 201 ; in 1841, 234. Houses 45.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballyclough-castle, seat of the MacRobert Barry sept

Ballyclogh · town · Cork

Ballyclough-castle, situated in a pleasing demesne contiguous to the village, was the chief seat of the sept of MacRobert or MacRobert Barry. The estate now belongs to the Coote family, after Robert Coote married the heiress of the Purdons.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

the road thence to Nevnnarket Area, 35 acres. Pop., in 1831, 627 ; in 1841, 576. Houses 93. This village early shook off the filth and tawdriness of many places of its class, and put on a dress of cleanliness, neatness, and even beauty; for, about 80 years ago, when scarcely an Irish village or small town made any pretensions to order or comfort, Ballyclough was improved and beautified by its proprietor, Col. Purdon. In its vicinity stands Mount- N^orth, the seat of Lord Lisle. See Mount- North. On the south-east border of the parish, opposite the heights which are crowned with the ruins of Dromaneen-castle, is the fine demesne of Longueville, the property of Mr. Longfield. Near this demesne commences the Black water coal-field, which extends westward to Mill-street, and has for many years been somewhat successfully worked. The towers and the demesne of Loghort-castle, the seat of the noble family of Perceval, Lords Arden in the peerage of the United Kingdom, contribute features of much interest to the landscape of the western border. See LoGUORT. Ballyclough-castle, situated in a pleasing demesne contiguous to the village, was the chief seat of the sept of MacRobert or MacRobert Barry. The Ballyclough estate now belongs to the Coote family. Robert Coote, Esq., having married the heiress of the Purdons, the former proprietors. Among monumental inscriptions in the church are memorials of the Purdon, Lysaght, and Coote families, of Henry Wrixon, Esq., of Blossom fort, who died in 1778, and of John Longfield, Es(}., of Longueville, who died in 1765. A minute notice of some of the monu- | ments may be seen in Dr. Smith's History of Cork. A chalybeate spring near the village was in some repute last century, but it became overflown by a brook, and was neglected. A dispensary in the village is within the Mallow Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40. it received and expended £103 14s. 4d., and administered to 2,038 patients. In 1842, the Ballyclough Loan Fund had a capital of £458, circulated £2,014 in 897 loans, cleared £48 Is. lOd. of nett profit, and expended for charitable purposes £1

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballyclough church monuments to notable families

Ballyclogh · town · Cork · 1765–1778

Monumental inscriptions in Ballyclough church include memorials of the Purdon, Lysaght, and Coote families, of Henry Wrixon of Blossom Fort (d. 1778), and of John Longfield of Longueville (d. 1765). A minute notice of some of the monuments appears in Dr. Smith's History of Cork.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

the road thence to Nevnnarket Area, 35 acres. Pop., in 1831, 627 ; in 1841, 576. Houses 93. This village early shook off the filth and tawdriness of many places of its class, and put on a dress of cleanliness, neatness, and even beauty; for, about 80 years ago, when scarcely an Irish village or small town made any pretensions to order or comfort, Ballyclough was improved and beautified by its proprietor, Col. Purdon. In its vicinity stands Mount- N^orth, the seat of Lord Lisle. See Mount- North. On the south-east border of the parish, opposite the heights which are crowned with the ruins of Dromaneen-castle, is the fine demesne of Longueville, the property of Mr. Longfield. Near this demesne commences the Black water coal-field, which extends westward to Mill-street, and has for many years been somewhat successfully worked. The towers and the demesne of Loghort-castle, the seat of the noble family of Perceval, Lords Arden in the peerage of the United Kingdom, contribute features of much interest to the landscape of the western border. See LoGUORT. Ballyclough-castle, situated in a pleasing demesne contiguous to the village, was the chief seat of the sept of MacRobert or MacRobert Barry. The Ballyclough estate now belongs to the Coote family. Robert Coote, Esq., having married the heiress of the Purdons, the former proprietors. Among monumental inscriptions in the church are memorials of the Purdon, Lysaght, and Coote families, of Henry Wrixon, Esq., of Blossom fort, who died in 1778, and of John Longfield, Es(}., of Longueville, who died in 1765. A minute notice of some of the monu- | ments may be seen in Dr. Smith's History of Cork. A chalybeate spring near the village was in some repute last century, but it became overflown by a brook, and was neglected. A dispensary in the village is within the Mallow Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40. it received and expended £103 14s. 4d., and administered to 2,038 patients. In 1842, the Ballyclough Loan Fund had a capital of £458, circulated £2,014 in 897 loans, cleared £48 Is. lOd. of nett profit, and expended for charitable purposes £1

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballykean bog and its boundaries

Ballykean · townland · Offaly

Ballykean bog in King's County covers 1,822 English acres with an average depth of 20 feet. It is bounded by a limestone gravel ridge, the hills of Toreen and Kylebeg, Ennaghan mill-race, and the high grounds of Ballykean and Rapheston.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

BALLYKEAN, a bog chiefly in the above parish. King's CO., Leinster. Area, 1 ,822 English acres. It is bounded, on the north, by the limestone gravel ridge which extends from Rapheston to Ballinakill, and separates it from Mount Lucas bog; on the east, by the hills of Toreen and Kylebeg, which separate it from Clonsast bog; on the south, by a patch of grassy bog which is traversed by Ennaghan mill-race, and separates it from Moanvaghan bog; and on the west, by the high grounds of Ballykean and Rapheston. It has an average depth of 20 feet; and contains but one quagmire. Its highest point lies 3 feet below the summit-level of the Grand Canal, and 261 feet above the level of high \vater in Dublin bay ; and its lowest point lies 39 feet below the summit-level of the Grand Canal. Estimated cost of reclamation, £2,455.
BALLYKEERAN, a hamlet in the parish of St Mary's, and on the north-west verge of the barony of Brawney, co. Westmeath, Leinster. It stands at the debouch of a rivulet into Lough Killymore, 24 miles north-east by north of Athlone, on the road thence to Ballymaiion. It is a poor place. Popi not specially returned.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

Ballyshannon House, an old mansion in Kildare

Ballyshannon · townland · Kildare

Ballyshannon-house is described as an old mansion within the parish of Ballyshannon in County Kildare. The parish is chiefly arable and meadow land with some bog and turbary.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Ballyshannon-house is an old mansion This parish
is a rectory, and, jointly with the rectory of Kilrush, constitutes the benefice of Ballyshannon, in the dio. ofKildare. See Kilrush. Tithe composition of the parish, £209 ; glebe, £25 15s. Length of the benefice, 3^ miles. Pop., in 1831, 1,162. Gross income, £456 5s 9id. ; nett, £360 8s. 5^1. Patron, the Crown and the diocesan alternately. The church was built, in 1796, by means of a gift of £461 10s. 9\A. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200 ; attendance 24. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 48, and the Roman Catholics to 445; the Protestants of tlie union to 56, and the Roman Catholics to 1.144; and a National school in the parish, the only school in the union, was aided with £10 a-year f rum the Board, and had on its books 34 boys and 20 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

Bloody Foreland's coastal hill and cliff

Bloody Foreland · promontory · Donegal

The coast from Dawros Head to Bloody Foreland is intricate, low, rocky, and sterile. At Bloody Foreland, a 198-foot cliff forms the skirt of a hill whose summit rises to an altitude of 1,035 feet.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

The coast from Carrigan Head to TeeUn Head trends in the direction of north-west by west, meaaores 5| miles, and presents to the sea a series of stupendous mountain cliffs or precipitous dedivities, — the three mountains of Teelin, Sleave-League, and Lehan, flinging their skirts ahnost sheer down to the shore, and lifting their summits to the altitudes of respectively 1,018, 1,9(U, and 1,415 feet above sea-leveL The coast from Teelin Head to Rossan Point trends north by westward, measures 3 miles, and possesses the same sublime character as the coast from Carrigan. A straight line from Rossan Point to Dawros Head extends north-eastward, measures 13| miles, and first very nearly coincides over 8^ miles with the shore, and then passes across the entrance of the bays of Loughrusbeg and Loughrusmore ; and the coast between Rossan Point and these bays is everywhere very bold and lofty, presenting in two places cliffs or summits to the sea of 803 and 676 feet in altitude, and immediately overhung on its seaboard with summits of 911, 1,231, 1,613, and 1,684 feet in altitude. A straight line from Dawros Head to Bloody Foreland extends in the direction of north-east by north, measures 25} miles, cuts off to seaward Arran Island, various smaller islands, and 6 or 8 square miles of the mainland, and places the greater part of the main shore at the mean distance of about 2 miles to the south-east. The coast, over this stretch, is intricate, low, rocky, sterile, and repulsive ; but at Bloody Foreland it presents to the sea a cliff of 198 feet in altitude, forming the skirt of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 1,035 feet. A straight line from Bloody Foreland to Horn Head extends in the direction of northeast by east, measures 13 miles, and places the head of Ballyness bay and the mean distance of the general shore respectively 4| miles and 1^ mile to the south-east. Horn Head, though crowned with a summit of only 833 feet, and therefore very much lower than several other of the promontories which frown defiance on the Atlantic, is an object of great scenic power, and much natural cnriodty ; and it possesses the singular and astounding phenomenon popularly called MacSwin3*s Oon. A straight line from Horn Head to Fannat Head extends east-north-eastward, measures 14^ miles, passes across the entrance of Sheephaven and Tranarossan bay to near the extremity of Pointahomash, and then passes across the entrance of Mulroy bay, and places the remainder of the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the south-east. A straight line from Fannat Head to Dunaff Head extends in the direction of east by north, measures 4} miles, and passes across the entrance of Lough Swilly ; and a summit of 506 feet in altitude above sea-level, overhangs at once Fannat Head, and the west side of the mouth of Lough Swilly, while the summit of Raghtinmore, soaring to the altitude of 1,656 feet, overhangs Dunaff Head and the east side of the mouth of the Lough. A straight line from Dunaff Head to Malin Head extends north-north-eastward, measures 8 miles, and forms the chord of a semicircular sweep of marine indentation upon the land, whose shores are bold, and have in one place an altitude of 818 feet, and whose extremity ramifies far inland in the irregular but flaunting inlet of Strathbreaga bay.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 5

Bogland acreage in the Erris mountains

Erris · barony · Mayo

The mountain district of Erris contains 170,090 acres of red bog and 155,500 acres of thin and easily reclaimable peat soil. This was noted in a survey assessing the extent and character of Irish bogs.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

district on the banks of the Barrow, in co. Kildare and King'0 eoi, 7,459 acTM ; the district dt Lough Corrib, in counties Galway and Majo, 83,724 acres ; three districts in 00. Mayo, 16I,96S acres ; a great district surrounding Lough Neagh, and extending to the mouth of the Bann, in counties Down, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, and Antrim, 64,855 acres -^ the district of Iveragh, in CO. Kerry, 43,567 acres ; the district of the Kenmare river, in co. Kerry, 14,605 acres ; the district of the rivers Lane and Lower Maine, in co. Kerry, 17,990 acres ; the district of the Upper Maine, in co. Kerry, 8,566 acres ; the district of Slieve Logher, in counties Cork and Kerry, 32,902 acres ; the district of the river Oashen, in 00. Kerry, 31,514 acres ; a second district contiguous to Lough Ree, in counties Longford, Leitrim, and Roscommon, 26,630 acres ; the southern district of the river Suck, in counties Ghilway and Roscommon, 76,848 acres ; and the northern district of the river Suck, 52,390 acres. The total area of these twenty-five districts is 1,013,358 acres. Three other surveys of less minuteness exhibited the mountain district of Erris as containing 170,090 acres of red bog, and 155,500 acres of thin and easily reelaimable peat 8oiI; the mountain district of Ounnemara as containing 120,000 acres of red bog, and about 200,000 acres of peat soil ; and the mountain district of Wicklow as containing 97,000 acres of red bog, and a very considerable but unascertained extent of peat soil. The mountains of Slieve- Logher, Slieve-Mish, and Corkaguiney, likewise contain about 500,000 acres of upland bog ; and the mountains of Donegal, Tyrone, and Fermanagh, not less than 400,000 acres of peat soiL The total extent of red bog, including an estimated amount of bogs of smaller extent than each 500 acres, is 1,576,000 acres ; and the total extent of peat soil, forming the covering of mountains, is 1,255,000 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 21

Bogland extent in the Connemara mountains

near Connemara · locality · Galway

The mountain district of Connemara (spelled Ounnemara) was surveyed to contain 120,000 acres of red bog and about 200,000 acres of peat soil. This formed part of a broader assessment of Irish boglands.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

district on the banks of the Barrow, in co. Kildare and King'0 eoi, 7,459 acTM ; the district dt Lough Corrib, in counties Galway and Majo, 83,724 acres ; three districts in 00. Mayo, 16I,96S acres ; a great district surrounding Lough Neagh, and extending to the mouth of the Bann, in counties Down, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, and Antrim, 64,855 acres -^ the district of Iveragh, in CO. Kerry, 43,567 acres ; the district of the Kenmare river, in co. Kerry, 14,605 acres ; the district of the rivers Lane and Lower Maine, in co. Kerry, 17,990 acres ; the district of the Upper Maine, in co. Kerry, 8,566 acres ; the district of Slieve Logher, in counties Cork and Kerry, 32,902 acres ; the district of the river Oashen, in 00. Kerry, 31,514 acres ; a second district contiguous to Lough Ree, in counties Longford, Leitrim, and Roscommon, 26,630 acres ; the southern district of the river Suck, in counties Ghilway and Roscommon, 76,848 acres ; and the northern district of the river Suck, 52,390 acres. The total area of these twenty-five districts is 1,013,358 acres. Three other surveys of less minuteness exhibited the mountain district of Erris as containing 170,090 acres of red bog, and 155,500 acres of thin and easily reelaimable peat 8oiI; the mountain district of Ounnemara as containing 120,000 acres of red bog, and about 200,000 acres of peat soil ; and the mountain district of Wicklow as containing 97,000 acres of red bog, and a very considerable but unascertained extent of peat soil. The mountains of Slieve- Logher, Slieve-Mish, and Corkaguiney, likewise contain about 500,000 acres of upland bog ; and the mountains of Donegal, Tyrone, and Fermanagh, not less than 400,000 acres of peat soiL The total extent of red bog, including an estimated amount of bogs of smaller extent than each 500 acres, is 1,576,000 acres ; and the total extent of peat soil, forming the covering of mountains, is 1,255,000 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 21

Carrickfergus as assize town

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

Carrickfergus was the capital of its own separate jurisdiction and served as the assize town for the entire county of Antrim. It held a central role in the county's judicial administration.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Towns and Villages,'^ — Named in the order of the baronial divisions, the towns, villages, and principal hamlets are Carrickfergus, the capital of its separate jurisdiction, and the assixe-town of the whole county ; Broughshane, Kells, Connor, and Henryville, in Lower Antrim; Antrim, BaUyclare, Ballyeaaton, Doagh, Fourmileburn, and Parkgate, in Upper Antrim ; BaUyclare, Ballinure, Ballycarry, Cariunoney, Whiteabbey, Whitehouse, Glynn, Invcrbeg, Invermore, and Roughfort, in Lower Belfast; Belfast, Miltown, Dunmurry, Lambeg, Springfield, and Templepatrick, in Upper Belfast ; Ballycastle, Bushmills, Ardmoy, Ballintoy, and Moss-side, in Carey ; Portrush and Dervock, in Lower Dunluce ; Bally money and Stranocum, in Upper Dunluce ; Glenarm, Cushendall, Camlough, and Straight- Kelly, in I^w£r Glenarm ; Larne and Oldmills, in Upper Glenarm ; Newtowncrommelin, Clough, and Cloughmills, in Kilconway; Massarene, in Lower Massarene ; Lisburn, Crumlin, Aghalee, and Glenavy, in Upper Massarene ; Ballyjnena, Portglenone, Ahoghill, Gracchill, Carnearney, Cullejr. backey, and Galgorim, in I^wer Toome ; and Ran- (lalstown and Toonie, in Upper Toom. Carrickft^rguft, Belfast, Antrim, and Lisburn are corporate tou'n»; and the m^ority of both the towns and villages are the scenes of markets and fairs.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 119

Chalybeate spa near Slieve Croob

near Slieve Croob · mountain or mountain range · Down

About two miles south-south-west of Ballinahinch, on the skirts of Slieve-Croob, is a chalybeo-sulphureous spa.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

li^ othpr troops, which g:ave time for rallying to the discoinfited, they were thrown into- confuftion, and retreated up* the high ground to the summit. After a defence of this poet for some time, they fled in all directions, and again assembled on the mountains of Slieve-Croob. Here, after consultation, iniuenced by the same arguments which had been successfully urged to the insurgents at Antmm, they tinally dispersed. Their loss at Bellinahinch was about 150: that of the royal forces seems to be stated too low at 40." — Fairs are held in the town on Jan. I, Feb. 12, April 5. July le, and Oct. 2. In 1688, the public conveyances were a coach and a car to Belfast, and a caravan in transit between Belfast and Castle wellan. In the town are the places of worship, and most of the schools of the populous parish of Marcher adro&l: which see. About 2 miles south-south-west of the town,^ en the skirts of Siieve-Croob,. is a chalybeo-sulphuneous spa. Area of the town, 30 acres. Pop., in 1831, 970 ; in 1841, 911. Houses 151.
B ALLINAHINCH, a Roman Catholic pari.sh, on the borders of the counties Limerick and Tippcrary, and in the united dio. of Cashel and Emly. Posttown, Newport. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Clifden church built 1812 with Board of First Fruits grant

Clifden · town · Galway · 1812

The church serving the united benefice of Ballinakill was situated at Clifden in the parish of Omey and was built in 1812 by means of a grant from the late Board of First Fruits. It seated 120, with summer attendance reaching capacity.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

funds, and would be a good site for a fishery village. See Debrinver. ** At the head of Ballinakill bay/' said Mr. Nimmo, in 1813, *' there is a flat of about 1,000 acres, on which some attempts have been made at drainage. As usual, the catch-waters were omitted, and the work is imperfect and neglected. There is a good deal of cultivation on the south side of Ballinakill bay and towards Cleggan ; the soil frequently favourable. Besides the limestone which is found in various places on the south side, at Dourus on the north shore, as also at Cleggan, Streamstown, &c., there is also excellent coralline in the ba^ of Ballinakill, and all the strands and beaches from thence southward, are highly calcareous. An entire new set of roads must be made across this district; and, being continued through the vale of Kylemore, and to the head of Killery bay, they will form a communication with Westport, which is now the principal market for this neighbourhood." Since Mr. I^immo wrote, great improvements have been made, and new roads formed ; and the latter, which lay open Cunnemara and Joyce-Country, touch Ballinakill bay both at Derrinver and at other points. — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Tiiam. Tithe composition, j£64 12s. d|d. The rectories of Omet, Ballindoon, Moyrus, and Innisboffin, and the vicarages of Killanin, Abbanmore, Ennisxain, and Innisuere [see these articles], are united to this rectory to form the benefice of Ballinakill. Four of the parishes are contiguous, and constitute the barony pf Ballinahinch ; Killanin is separated from these by the sea at Moyrus, and by the intervention of KiU common parish ; Arranmore, Ennismain, and Innishere, consist of the Arran islands at the entrance of Galway bay ; and Innisboffin is an island in the. Atlantic, and politically included in the county of Mayo. 'J'he length of the whole is about 40 Irish miles, and the breadth about 20. Gross income, £310 Os. 1 IJd. ; nett, ^263 Os. di^d. Patron, the diocesan. Two curates are employed on a stipend each of £75, paid by the Archbishop of Tuam. The church is situated at Clifden in Omey, and was built in 1812 by means of a grant of £55S 16s. lid. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 120: attendance, from 70 to 80 in winter, and from 100 to 120 in summer. Private houses are regularly occupied as parochial places of worship in the northern district of Ballinakill, and the southern district of Moyrus. The Roman Catholic parochial division distributes the union into 6 complete parishes and part of a seventh. In the first complete parish are Ballinakill and Ennisboffin parochial chapels, and private houses at Tully and Call more in Ballinakill, with attendances of respectively from 800 to 1,000, 500, from 50 to 500, and from 100 to 300; in the second are chapels at Bttllinafad and Cariia, and a private bouse at Roundstone, all in Moyrus, with attendances of respectively from 300 to 400, from 300 to 400, and from 200 to 300; in the third are chapels at Clifden and CUddaghdhu in Omey, and a chapel in Ballindoon, with attendances of respectively from 500 to 1,200, from 500 to 600, and from 600 to 700; in the fourth are a chapel at Killannin, with an attetidance of from 300 to 600, and private houses used as chapels at Rossmuck, Lettermore, and Lettermullen in Killannin ; in the fifth is a chapel at Ross in Killannin* with an attendance of from 400 to 500 ; in the sixth is a chapel io Aj-rannoore, with an attendance of from 400 to 600 ; and iu the seventh is a chapel at Tully in Killannin, with an attendance of from 200 to 800, and united to a chapel beyond the union in the parish of Moycullen. The number of officiates and coadjutor officiates statedly attached to these chapels is J 5. In 1834, the Protestants of Ballinakill parish Amounted to 1 13, and the Roman Catholics to 7.604 ;

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

Clonfert chapter employs a sacrist

Clonfert (Butson) · townland · Galway

The ecclesiastical chapter of Clonfert is unique in that it includes the office of a sacrist or sacristan. This is distinguished from the structures of other chapters across Ireland.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

precentors, chancellors, treasurers, and archdeacons, varies in different chapters ; and the offices of dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon, are usually styled dignities, though only such of them are legally so as have annexed to them ecclesiastical jurisdiction. In the chapters of Tuam, Derry, Baphoe, and Clonfert, there is neither precentor, chancellor, nor treasurer ; in those of Elphin, Killalla, and Achonry, there is neither chancellor nor treasurer; in those of Clogher and Emly, there is no treasurer ; in those of Kildare and Waterford, the archdeacons are not members of the chapters ; in those of Tuam and Kilmacduagh, there is a provost ; in that of Clonfert, there is a sacrist or sacristan ; in those of Waterford, Ardfert, and Kilfenora, there are no prebendaries ; in that of KiUaloe, there are no prebendaries, though 7 are in the diocese ; in that of Kildare, there are 4 canons but no prebendaries, though 8 of the latter are in the diocese. The chapters of Waterford, Kildare, and Leighlin have peculiar though quite different usages with respect to the application of their corporate revenues ; the chapters of Clogher, Connor, Dromore, Raphoe, Ferns, Ardfert, Kilfenora, Clonfert, Elphin, Kilmacduagh, Killftlla^ and Achonry, have no corporate revenues ; and the chapters of Armagh, Christ-church-Dublin, St. Patrick V Dublin, Down, Leighlin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Cashel, Emly, Waterford, Lismore, limerick, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, Killaloe, and Tuam, have economy estates, whose proceeds are applied to the maintenance of the fabric and the officers of the cathedrals. Corporations of minor canons exist in the cathedrals of St. Patrick*s-Dublin, and Ardfert, for the purpose of duly maintaining cathedral service ; and corporations of vicars choral exist in the cathedrals of Armagh, Christ-church- Dublin, St. Patrick's-Dublin, St. Canice-Kilkenny, Limerick, Cashel, Lismore, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, and Tuam, for the purpose of the due performance of choral services.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 90

Coarse ware potteries at Lambeg and Ballycastle

near Lambeg · town · Antrim

Potteries producing coarser wares were established at Lambeg, Ballycastle, and near the Maze, contributing to the county's miscellaneous manufactures.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Some employ journeymen, and others let a loom or two to poorer fellow-weavers. But nearly all earn smaller profits than the cultivator of the soil ; and not a few are forced by necessity, or induced by economy, io combine, on an exceedingly humble scale, the occupations of the manufacturer and the farmer. But, lor a view of the bulky parts of the linen manufacture, as well as of kindred productive pursuits, see the articles on the larger towns, particularly the article on Belfast. The cotton manufu:ture was projected at Belfast, in 1777, by Messrs. Joy & M'Cabe ; it has been doubled in extent since 1800 ; it now employs from 25,000 to 27,000 persona in the district along Belfast Lough and the Lagan ; and it has been regarded as a chief means of the assimilation of that district in competency and comfort to the manufacturing sections of England and Scotland. The manufacture of canvas was introduced to Belfast in 1784; rope-making, about 32 years earlier; paper-making, at Dunmurry, by a person of^ the name of M'Manus, and, in a short time, at different places in 10 mills ; blanket-making, at Larobeg, by the Wolfenden family, who settled in Ireland about 250 years ago ; and the manu&cture of sulphuric acid, near Lisbum, by Mr. Gregg of Belfast. Stockings and coarse woollen cloth are very ^nerally woven throughout the county; silk- weaving employs about 20 persons; soap and candles have been bulkily produced for exportation ; leather waSf at one time, manufactured in almost every town ; the casting of iron makes some figure in Belfast: a manufactory for turning and fluting iron was established about 40 years ago near Lit* bum ; potteries, for coarser wares, at Lambeg, at Ballycastle, and near the Maze; ship-building has been considerably cariied on at Belfast ; and saddlery, scythe-stones, and various articles for home use, compose a large and diffusive miscellaneous manufacture.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 117

Curlew Mountains situation

near Curlew Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Roscommon

The Curlew mountains form a small series situated between Lough Cara and Lough Arrow. They almost connect with Bockagh mountain to the south-west and the Braulieve mountains to the north-east.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

for its principal sninxnits Kilgarrow 693 feet, MuUaghnoe 775, a height 2 j miles south-east of Mul« laghnoe 635, and Bockagh 745. The Lurgan hills or Slieve-Gamph mountains, commence 9 miles south of the head of KiUalla bay and 12 miles north by east of Slieyecama ; they and the Ox mountains, which are a close continuation of them, extend north-eastward to the vicinity of Ardnaglass Harbour, and are situated at the distance of from 3} miles to 10 miles from the sea ; and the principal summits of the joint series are Knockacleevaan 912 feet, a height 2^ miles north-northtast of KnockadeeTaan 1,095, Croghan 741, a height 3^ miles north-north-east of Croghan 1,096, Knooknasheegaon 1,168, a height 1} mile west of Enocknasheegaun 1,321, Enockwarder 1,338, 8es8uagan7 1,047, Screebo 1,208, Millan 1,446, a height 1 mile north-east of Millan 1,464, Long HiU 1,611, a height 4 miles west-south-wesf of Long HiU 1,078, a height 1 ndle east-south-east of Long HUl 1,516, CSanowmurry 1,238, a height 3^ miles east-north-east of Oarrowmurry 903, Enockalongy 1,778, a height 1^ mile west by south of Enockalongy 1,604, and a height 2^ miles east of Knockalongy 654. The Curlew mountains are a small series between Lough Cara and Lough Arrow ; they are not &r from being connected with Bockagh mountain on the south-west and the Braulieye mountains on the north-east ; and their principal summits are Curlew proper 863 feet, a height 1} mile north-west of Curlew proper 431, Eeshcorrigan 1,183, and Carrowkeel 1,062. The Braulieve, Slieve-an-£rin, Lurgankyle, North Leitrim, Oarbery, TuUaghagh, Glenawley, and Kagheraboy mountains are an irr^^ular assemblage of congeries, partly maritime and partly inland, dispersed over an area of 35 miles by 36, and bounded on the north-west by Sligo and Donegal bays, on the north-east by the valley of the Erne, on the south-east by a line from nearly the head of Upper Lough Erne to nearly the foot of Lough Allen, and on the south-west by the ▼alleys of the Arrow and the Uncion ; and their principal summits are Mulrath 740 feet, Dromorer 650, Claura 526, Carrow 1,396, Cashel 1,377, a height 3 miles south-south-west of Cashel 1,098, 81ieTe-an-Erin 1,922, Bencroy 1,707, Bartonny 1,301, a height 2J miles north by west of Ballyconnel 1,281, a height 5^ miles south-east of Swanlinbar 1,279, Benbrack 1,648, Slievenakilla 1,703, Kiltinhane 1,949, Guilcagh 2,188, a height 3^ miles east of Benbrack 632, Cratty 1,213, Enockinny 628, a height 2 nnles south-«ast of Red Lion 733, Oramore 854, Belmore 1,312, Shean 1,033, a height 2^ miles west of Shean 875, Qlenalong 1,033, Aghabohad 1,340, a height 3 miles east of Aghabohad 1,712, Truskmore 2,072, Bnickavillan 1,408, Saddle Hill 1,245, Dooey 1,511, MuUaghmatire 1,275, a height 1 mile north by west of MuUaghmatire 1,422, a height 4 miles south of MuUaghmatire 1,388, a height 2^ miles south-west of MuUaghmatire 419, a height 3 miles north of MuUaghmatire 485, Benbo 1,365, a height 5 miles south-east of Benbo 1,448, a height 3 miles south-east of Benbo 1,066, GuUogeaboy 1,430, Eing's mountain 1,527, Benbulben 1,722, a height Zi miles north of GuUogeaboy 1,044, Enocknare 1,078, SUevedreane 900, SUsh 967, a height 4} miles south-west of SUevedreane 651, and a height 3 miles west of the viUage of Drumkeeran 1,117. The great western section of the vast congeries of Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry mountains is bounded on the south by Donegal hay and the vaUey of the Erne, and on the east by a line drawn frt>m the northern extremity of Lower Lough Erne to Lough Derg, and thence along the rivulet Derg, the river Moume, the river Foyle, the isthmus of Innishowen, and Lough 8winy ; it occupies an area of 61 miles in extreme length and 40 miles in extreme breadth, yet is nowhere farther than 22 mUes from either the ocean or some of its great inlets ; and its principal summits are Bressy 852 feet, BaUinacarrick 412, a height 2 miles north of Ballyshannon 434, a height 2^ mUes north-north-east of BaUyshannon 464, Benbane 1,490, Blue Stack 2,213, Croaghnageer 1,793, Enockroe 2,202, SUver HiU 1,967, Mulmosog 1,156, Roechrow 1,649, a height 3^ miles west-south-west of Ardara. 1,291, SUeveleague 1,964, a height immediately behind Carrigan Head, 1,018, Lehan 1,415, Ballard 911, a height 2^ mUcs east-north-east of Ballard 1,231, a height 2| miles north of BaUard 813, Clerflough 1,513,' SUeve-Altooey 1,683, Enockrawer 1,475, Aghla 1,953, Scraigs 1,406, Shuroughy 1,264, a height 5J miles south-east of Dunglo 980, Blue HiU 771, Crockatarrive 1,627, Crovehy 1,033, Glendowan 1,770, West Slieve-Snaught 2,232, Dooish 2,143, Errigal 2,462, North Aghla 1,854, a height 1^ mUe south-west of North Aghla 1,913, Camtreena 1,396, Bloody ForeUnd 1,035, Maam 1,549, Muckish 2,190, a height 1 mile south of the viUage of Elagh 506, a height 3 mUes south of Elagh 751, EnockaUa 1,196, Crockalee 961, Lossct 1,180, a height 4^ miles north-east of Losset 1,157, a height 3| mUes west of Losset 835, a height 1^ mile south of Losset 834, a height 4 mUes south by east of Losset 1,456, Gregory HiU 1,106, Mass Hill 1,132, Croaghan 1,007, a height 5 mUes south of Rathmelton 572, Cronaglack 1,127, Cronamuck 1,132, Cark 1,198, Three Tops 1,177, Herd's Beat 781, MuUaghfin 934, a height 3 miles west by ncKrth of St. Johnstown 888, DuUerton 416, Binnion 629, a height 4^ miles south-east of Three Tops 707, a height 3j mUes north-east of Stranorlar 634, Altnapaste 1^99, White Horse 997, Iron HiU 902, LismuUyduff 867, Brandy HiU 601, a height 2 j miles south of Cindy 640, a height 3 miles Borth by east of Brandy HUl 603, a height 3| miles south-west of Brandy HiU 541, AltamuUan 839, Croagh 1,260, a height 4^ mUes north-west of Croagh 1,225, a height 4^ miles west of Croagh

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 18

Franciscan convent and friary chapel, Athlone

Athlone · town · Westmeath

A Franciscan convent in Athlone supplied officiates for a friary Roman Catholic chapel attended by about 600 people. This was part of the religious infrastructure of St. Mary's parish on the Leinster side of the Shannon.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Pariah of Su Mary.'} — This parish, called also Athlone, and St. Mary's of Athlone, extends along the left bank of the Shannon, in the barony of Brawney, co* Westmeath. Length, 6 miles ; breadth, 3; area, 11,456 acres, — of which 1,386 acres are water, and 248 acres are in the town of Athlone. Pop., in 1831, 7,396; in 1841.7.264. Houses 1,216. Pop. in the town of Athlone, in 1831 , 5,699 ; in 1841, 3,320. Houses 552. The land, except inunediately around the town, is for the most part bad, and extensively improvable bog. The surface is prevailingly low ; nowhere rises much above the level of the Shannon; expands over a considerable space into fens and marshes which lachryraosely flank the river, and aggregately possesses little landscape, or even artificial embellishment. — This parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Meath. Tithe composition, £304 12s. 3|d. Gross income, £497 128. 3|d. ; nett, £398 2s. Q|d, Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church was built about the year 18*27, at the cost of £2,307 128.» lent by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 1,000; attendance, from 500 to 600. A Baptist meeting-house is attended by about 40; a Wesleyan by 100; and a Primitive Wesleyan by 100. The parish Roman Catholic chapel is attended by about 1,400, and has two officiates; and a Friary Roman Catholic chapel is attended by about 600, and has as officiates the friars of a Franciscan convent. In 1884, the parishioners consisted of 1,116 Churdimen, 2 Protestant dissenters, and 6,479 Roman Catholics; the greater part of the Wesleyan and Baptist congregations being in communion with the Established church. In the same year, 14 daily schools had on their books ^25 boys and 140 girls; and of these, the parish-school was aided with £28, books and premiums, and a free house,, from three societies, the rector, and subscription, — the Abbey school, with £12 from subscription,--and a sdiool of the Baptist Irish Society, with £12 from that society ; while one was a boarding and day school for young ladies, and the rest were all pay-schools. In 1840, a boys' school and a girls' school at Anchorsbower were aided with respectively £12 and £10 from the National Board.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 141

Glenarm Castle grounds with rare and noble trees

near Glenarm · village · Antrim

The castle of Glenarm is surrounded by crowds of trees both rare and noble, part of the extensive planting that has replaced the lost natural woods of the great and little parks of Glenarm.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Woods.2 — The great natural woods of Portmore, and those of the great and little parks of Glenarm, have long ceased to be the boast of their districts. Excepting on the grounds of Shane's Castle, and on the escarpments of hills, and along the banks of the more picturesque streams, natural wood has almost everywhere fallen beneath the axe of the Vandal improver, or the short-sighted economist of the passing hour's gains. Yet the vacuum in sylvan adornment has been far more than filled by a liberal and well-directed spirit of planting. Most of the numerous resident landowners, and even some of the farmers, walked upwards of thirty or even forty years ago, athwart extensive naked tracts, and clothed them in young forest. A great part of Massarene, and of the southern sections of Antrim and Toome, has a finely wooded aspect. The valleys of the Six-mile- Water and the Broad, present much sylvan embellishment. The whole extent of alternately undulating and level plain from Lisburn to Carrickfergus, is rich in sheets and clumps and rows of plantation. Around Castle- Dobbs and Ballyhill are noble masses of trees ; at Redhall and Rilwalter are expanses of newer wood, superintended by numerous veterans of the forest ; at Leslie-hill, are very extensive plantations ; and around the castle of Glenarm are crowds of trees, both rare and noble. On the whole, the county of Antrim has made as rapid advances in plantation-improvement as probably any other county in Ireland. In 1841, the county contained, in planted trees, 63 acres of oak, 211 of ash, ISO of elm, 26 of beech, 462 of fir, 8,063 of mixed plantations, and 1,403 of orchards, — in all, 10,358 acres ; and the proportions of these woods which were planted previous to 1791, are 35 acres of oak, 4 of ash, 99 of elm, 11 of beech, 17 of fir, 1,256 of mixed plantations, and 202 of orchards. But, in 1841, there existed, in addition to the planted woods, 602,826 detached trees, equivalent in extent to 3,768 acres, and making the grand total of plantations 14,126 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 116

Granite protrusion cuts across Wicklow strata

Wicklow · town · Wicklow

In the granite district of County Wicklow, the granite protrusion has cut across the strike of the local strata. This differs from the general geological pattern where granite forces a passage parallel to the strata's strike.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Among the igneous rocks of th3 primitive and the transition districts, granite is the most extensive, and appears also to be the oldest. " The general direction of the granite districts of Ireland is north-east and south-west, parallel to the general strike of the slate rocks. Hence it appears, that this rock, while in a state of fusion, forced a passage in the line of the strike of the strata ; but this is not universally the case, as in soma parts, particularly of the granite district of CO. Wicklow, and of insulated portions of that of the counties of Donegal and Down, the granite protr.iaion has cut across the strike of th3 strata ; in which cases the ends of the stratified rocks, th^tiifh much shattered and confused, are found to abut directly against the sides of the granite pr jcipicc. The stratified rocks which rest on the north-west and south-east sides of the granitic nucl^a, have been much altered by the contact of the incandescent granite at the time of its prutrusion ; and h?nce we find that strata, which, within a short distance of the granite boundary, consist of clay slate, rapidly change their character, and pass into large grained mica slate, or gneiss, and occasionally into honiblcnd? slate or hornblende rocks, and several varieties of p-jrphyrv, in which large crystals of homblenJ^ and felspar are fully developed. In addition to th.* .jranite, vast mass?^ of protruded greenstone occur throughout the wh »le of the primary
xlvi INTRODUCTION.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Gravel hills east of Westport

Westport · town · Mayo

East of Westport in Mayo, numerous gravel hills are extremely narrow north-south and very long east-west, indicating an ancient westward water current towards Clew Bay.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

The low or champaign country of Ireland can, to a very small extent, be regarded as a series of ▼alleys like the low surface of England, and still less as an alternation of vales with hiUs as in the low grounds of Sootloid ; but on the contrary, is for the most part either such an expanse of apparently dead level, or such a sheet of fitful undulations, or such a labyrinth of diluvial hills and winding hollows, that the stranger who scans it with the most practised eye is rarely able to conjecture the direction of any one prevailing declination. A very large proportion of the low country of Ulster, particularly in Down and Armagh, is such a continuous, vast, and mazy series of low, curved, fertile hills, cut into individual isolation by sinuous dells and dingles and mimic vales, that a Briton who travels among them during only a few hours begins to feel bewilderment with their close scenes of beauty ; a considerable proportion of the entire low grounds of the kingdom, particularly the corcasses of Clare and Limerick, " the golden vale " in Limerigk and Tipperary, and the great grazing district of Dublin and Meath, present the appearance of the most luxuriant steppe or prairie, cut into small sections and sprinkled with human dwellings ; another considerable or even large proportion, as the great district called the Bog of Allen, is a dismal level of brown bog, a horrible chaos of peat and morass, occasionally broken and relieved by edgings of wood and intervening tracts of fiat arable land ; another considerable proportion, as most of the county of Longford and of the great plain of Connaught, combines the characters or interweaves the texture of the grazing fiats and the level bogs ; a smaller proportion, as the remainder of the plain of Connaught and a part of the north of Clare, is a verdant plain profusely encumbered with enormous blocks of naked rock, and forming the '^ Arabia Pctrea" of Ireland; another smaller proportion, or most of the county of Cavan, presents a prevailingly low surface, broken and marred with the tilting up and the cropping out of rock, just as if it had in some degree been shaken and disturbed by an earthquake ; and multitudes of pendicles and tiny districts dispersed throughout the greater part of the otherwise level country, are sheets of horizontal strata lying upon horizontal carboniferous limestone, and tumulated with hillocky accumulations of limestone diluvium. ''The peculiar flatness of the interior of Ireland," observes Mr. GriflSth, ''has been the probable cause of those vast accumulations of alluvial matter, composed of clay and limestone gravel, which, in the form of low but steep ridges of hill, occur so abundantly throughout the middle districts, and which are generally known by the name of Eskcrs. These ridges of limestone gravel probably cfiginated at a period when the country was either wholly or partially submerged, from eddies formed by undulations in the surface. That the surface of the country was exposed to the action of rapid currents of water, is evidenced by the deep parallel scratches, sometimes amounting to lurrows, which may be frequently observed on the surface of solid rocks, when the diluvial soil has been removed. It is probable, also, that the gravel hills were rapidly deposited from water in violent action, from their frequently consisting of an intermixture of large masses of rock partially rounded, with small gravel, and even with clay and sand, The origin of those immense tracts of bog which are everywhere spread over the interior of the fiat country may also be attributed to the stagnant water pent up, as we now find it, above the level of the dry country, by gravel hills which form a continuous ridge, though not of equal height, round the bog edge,* Thus we find Eskers surrounding the several divisions of the great Bog of Allen, and the whole of the bogs contained in the valleys of the rivers 8hannon, Suck, Brusna, Camlin, Inny, and the Barrow, and of its several tributary streams. In many parts of Ireland, the study of the gravel hills becomes highly interesting and instructive, as throwing a light on the direction of the current of the waters. Thus in the county of Mayo, to the eastward of the town of Westport, the whole of the numerous gravel hills with which the country is studded are extremely narrow in a north and south direction, and very long in an east and west direction, having bluff fietces at the eastern extremity, and deep and lengthened valleys between them. This fact shows that, in this place, the direction of the current was westward towards Clew bay ; and it may be remarked that the whole of the limertone gravel islands in that bay partake of the appearance and character of inland gravel hills. In the northern part of the county of Mayo, near to Lough Conn and Killalla bay, the direction of the gravel hills is north and south, having their bluff heads to the south ; hence it msj be argued, that in the >'icinity this current took a northerly course."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 13

Gravel hills near Lough Conn and Killala Bay

near Lough Conn · lake or lakes · Mayo

In the northern part of Mayo near Lough Conn and Killala Bay, the gravel hills run north and south with their bluff heads facing south, indicating a northerly ancient current.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

The low or champaign country of Ireland can, to a very small extent, be regarded as a series of ▼alleys like the low surface of England, and still less as an alternation of vales with hiUs as in the low grounds of Sootloid ; but on the contrary, is for the most part either such an expanse of apparently dead level, or such a sheet of fitful undulations, or such a labyrinth of diluvial hills and winding hollows, that the stranger who scans it with the most practised eye is rarely able to conjecture the direction of any one prevailing declination. A very large proportion of the low country of Ulster, particularly in Down and Armagh, is such a continuous, vast, and mazy series of low, curved, fertile hills, cut into individual isolation by sinuous dells and dingles and mimic vales, that a Briton who travels among them during only a few hours begins to feel bewilderment with their close scenes of beauty ; a considerable proportion of the entire low grounds of the kingdom, particularly the corcasses of Clare and Limerick, " the golden vale " in Limerigk and Tipperary, and the great grazing district of Dublin and Meath, present the appearance of the most luxuriant steppe or prairie, cut into small sections and sprinkled with human dwellings ; another considerable or even large proportion, as the great district called the Bog of Allen, is a dismal level of brown bog, a horrible chaos of peat and morass, occasionally broken and relieved by edgings of wood and intervening tracts of fiat arable land ; another considerable proportion, as most of the county of Longford and of the great plain of Connaught, combines the characters or interweaves the texture of the grazing fiats and the level bogs ; a smaller proportion, as the remainder of the plain of Connaught and a part of the north of Clare, is a verdant plain profusely encumbered with enormous blocks of naked rock, and forming the '^ Arabia Pctrea" of Ireland; another smaller proportion, or most of the county of Cavan, presents a prevailingly low surface, broken and marred with the tilting up and the cropping out of rock, just as if it had in some degree been shaken and disturbed by an earthquake ; and multitudes of pendicles and tiny districts dispersed throughout the greater part of the otherwise level country, are sheets of horizontal strata lying upon horizontal carboniferous limestone, and tumulated with hillocky accumulations of limestone diluvium. ''The peculiar flatness of the interior of Ireland," observes Mr. GriflSth, ''has been the probable cause of those vast accumulations of alluvial matter, composed of clay and limestone gravel, which, in the form of low but steep ridges of hill, occur so abundantly throughout the middle districts, and which are generally known by the name of Eskcrs. These ridges of limestone gravel probably cfiginated at a period when the country was either wholly or partially submerged, from eddies formed by undulations in the surface. That the surface of the country was exposed to the action of rapid currents of water, is evidenced by the deep parallel scratches, sometimes amounting to lurrows, which may be frequently observed on the surface of solid rocks, when the diluvial soil has been removed. It is probable, also, that the gravel hills were rapidly deposited from water in violent action, from their frequently consisting of an intermixture of large masses of rock partially rounded, with small gravel, and even with clay and sand, The origin of those immense tracts of bog which are everywhere spread over the interior of the fiat country may also be attributed to the stagnant water pent up, as we now find it, above the level of the dry country, by gravel hills which form a continuous ridge, though not of equal height, round the bog edge,* Thus we find Eskers surrounding the several divisions of the great Bog of Allen, and the whole of the bogs contained in the valleys of the rivers 8hannon, Suck, Brusna, Camlin, Inny, and the Barrow, and of its several tributary streams. In many parts of Ireland, the study of the gravel hills becomes highly interesting and instructive, as throwing a light on the direction of the current of the waters. Thus in the county of Mayo, to the eastward of the town of Westport, the whole of the numerous gravel hills with which the country is studded are extremely narrow in a north and south direction, and very long in an east and west direction, having bluff fietces at the eastern extremity, and deep and lengthened valleys between them. This fact shows that, in this place, the direction of the current was westward towards Clew bay ; and it may be remarked that the whole of the limertone gravel islands in that bay partake of the appearance and character of inland gravel hills. In the northern part of the county of Mayo, near to Lough Conn and Killalla bay, the direction of the gravel hills is north and south, having their bluff heads to the south ; hence it msj be argued, that in the >'icinity this current took a northerly course."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 13

Greywacke geological district extends to Carn Clonhugh

Corn Hill · hill or hills · Longford

A greywacke geological district, which begins in Scotland and reappears at Donaghadee, extends across Ireland to Carn Clonhugh mountain in County Longford. The rocks consist of greywacke slate, fossil clay slate, and other metamorphic varieties.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Several great districts of primitive or transition rocks occur near the coasts, and are separated from one another by intervening fields of the secondary limestone series. An extensive one of these districts is primitive, and constitutes the greater part of the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, and Tyrone ; a second is likewise primitive, and consists of a small and highly interesting mountain group, on the north-east coast of the county of Antrim ; and the third is also primitive, and, besides occupying the western coasts of the counties of Galway and Mayo, extends, in a north-easterly direction, into the counties of Sligo and Leitrim. The crystalline or igneous rocks of these three districts are granite; sienite, greenstone, and greenstone porphyry ; and the sedimentary rocks are mica slate, shining slate, quartz rock, and primitive limestone, all regularly stratified, and, in general, though far from uniformly, ranging north-east and south-west. A fourth and grsat district, partly primitive, but chiefly transition, constitutes considerable portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan, Louth, Meath, Longford, and Roscommon. "This n ^rthern district is most probably a prolongation of the grey wacke district of Scotland, which commences at St. Abb's Head on the frith of Forth, and extends, in a south-western direction, across the country to Portpatrick on the west coast ; it appears again at Donaghadee on the east coast of Ireland, and continues in the same direction to Caimclonhugh mountain in co. Longford. Tue rocks contained in this district consist of greywacke slate, fossil clay slate, flint slate, chlorite •bte ; and in the neighbourhood of the granite district of hornblende slate, schistose porphyry, and a variety of other metamorphic rocks, having structures intermediate between sedimentary and crystalline, which it is impossible to designate by any precise name. In addition to the foregoing, the district contains the following decidedly crystalline or igneous rocks, — viz., in great masses granite, sienitic granite, greenstone porphyry, clay porphyry, — in dykes, trap, pitch stone, and porphyry." A fifth district extends through the counties of Kildare, Wicklow, Wexford, and Kilkenny : and, except that beds of mica slate occur in the vicinity of granite, its rocks are very timilar to those of the preceding district.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

Hampton Hall: proprietor's seat near Balbriggan

Balbriggan · town · Dublin

Hampton Hall, the handsome seat of the proprietor of Balbriggan, stands about a mile distant on the road to Skerries and commands an extensive view of the coast and the country inland.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Eroprietor, Mr. Hamilton. The Baron is stated to ave expended upon it no less a sum than £15,000 ; and he was granted by the Irish parliament, on account of it, £1.500 in 1761, and £3,752 in 1765. •* The town," says Mr, Nimmo, "has almost entirely originated, and <he agriculture of the neighbouring country has greatly extended, since the building of the pier. Balbriggan harbour is clean, with a bottom of soft sand, so that vessels may run b«ldly for it, when there i^ sufficient water, which, within the pier-head, is about 14 feet at high water springs ; it IS all dry at low water. Many vessels have been saved here in easterly or south-east gales; yet it would still require much improvement to make it safe in winter ; and various designs have been proposed for this purpose, — among others, that of excavating a dork in the upper part of the harbour to the depth of low water^ with a quay en the north side thereof, which would be more convenient to the towji, &c. I C.9 not think it would be practicable to preserve this depth among so much moveable sand, without a continual and enormous expense ; and would tlierefore recommend that a pier or breakwater should be formed on the north side of the harbour, from the point of the rock under the Mar« t«lto Txiwer, to within about 10 perches of the present pier-head. This would cut oif the current which now sweeps along that shore and out under the lee of the pier with all inshore winds, and by which vessels are so often carried adrift when entering this harbour, and would send the swell off to »pend itself at the Martello Rocks. The harbour would then enclose a space of 1 1 acre<, quiet in all winds ; and the run or portion of the billow which would be admitted by the entrance, would have ample room within to expend and subside." He proposes also that a wharf wall and bank should be run from the end of Grace's Lane or Freeman's Row, to the middle of his projected breakwater, ** with t«in2>els and sluices across it. by which the tidewater miglit be retained to 6 or 8 feet deep in a space of 3 or 4 acres between that and the Martello Towers, and let off at low water to scour the harbour {' and he estimates the cost of executing the whole of his plan at £4,635. An excelleiit lightbouse was constructed a number of years ago, at the pier-head, by the Ballast Board ; and the disbursements on account of it, during the year 1840, amounted to £230 12s. Id. In 1839^0, a dispensary in the town, under the Balrothery Poor-law union, received £154 7s., expended £153 17s. 5d., administered to 2,312 patients, and had a district containing 9,611 inhabitants. The town is a summer resort for seabathing. In 1329, occurred at Balbriggan, a conflict in which Richard Talbot and other persons of distinction fell victims to the rival Actions of the Verdons, Gernons, and Savages ||see Malahii>£]{ and on the 3d of July, 1690, William III. encamped at the town, after achieving the victory of the Boyne. Hampton Hall, the handsome seat of*^ the proprietor of the town, stands about a mile distant, on the road to Skerries ; and commands an extensive view of the coast and the country inland. Area of the town, 1H0 acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,016; in 1841, 2,959. Houses 567. BALCARRA. See Bslcarrjl. BALCARRICK, a small village in the parish of Malahide, barony of Nethercross, and 3 miles east of Swords, CO. Dublin, Leinster.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

Horn Head's scenic Atlantic promontory

near Horn Head · promontory · Donegal

Horn Head is crowned with a summit of 833 feet, making it much lower than several other promontories on the Atlantic coast. Despite its lower altitude, it remains an object of great scenic grandeur.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

The coast from Carrigan Head to TeeUn Head trends in the direction of north-west by west, meaaores 5| miles, and presents to the sea a series of stupendous mountain cliffs or precipitous dedivities, — the three mountains of Teelin, Sleave-League, and Lehan, flinging their skirts ahnost sheer down to the shore, and lifting their summits to the altitudes of respectively 1,018, 1,9(U, and 1,415 feet above sea-leveL The coast from Teelin Head to Rossan Point trends north by westward, measures 3 miles, and possesses the same sublime character as the coast from Carrigan. A straight line from Rossan Point to Dawros Head extends north-eastward, measures 13| miles, and first very nearly coincides over 8^ miles with the shore, and then passes across the entrance of the bays of Loughrusbeg and Loughrusmore ; and the coast between Rossan Point and these bays is everywhere very bold and lofty, presenting in two places cliffs or summits to the sea of 803 and 676 feet in altitude, and immediately overhung on its seaboard with summits of 911, 1,231, 1,613, and 1,684 feet in altitude. A straight line from Dawros Head to Bloody Foreland extends in the direction of north-east by north, measures 25} miles, cuts off to seaward Arran Island, various smaller islands, and 6 or 8 square miles of the mainland, and places the greater part of the main shore at the mean distance of about 2 miles to the south-east. The coast, over this stretch, is intricate, low, rocky, sterile, and repulsive ; but at Bloody Foreland it presents to the sea a cliff of 198 feet in altitude, forming the skirt of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 1,035 feet. A straight line from Bloody Foreland to Horn Head extends in the direction of northeast by east, measures 13 miles, and places the head of Ballyness bay and the mean distance of the general shore respectively 4| miles and 1^ mile to the south-east. Horn Head, though crowned with a summit of only 833 feet, and therefore very much lower than several other of the promontories which frown defiance on the Atlantic, is an object of great scenic power, and much natural cnriodty ; and it possesses the singular and astounding phenomenon popularly called MacSwin3*s Oon. A straight line from Horn Head to Fannat Head extends east-north-eastward, measures 14^ miles, passes across the entrance of Sheephaven and Tranarossan bay to near the extremity of Pointahomash, and then passes across the entrance of Mulroy bay, and places the remainder of the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the south-east. A straight line from Fannat Head to Dunaff Head extends in the direction of east by north, measures 4} miles, and passes across the entrance of Lough Swilly ; and a summit of 506 feet in altitude above sea-level, overhangs at once Fannat Head, and the west side of the mouth of Lough Swilly, while the summit of Raghtinmore, soaring to the altitude of 1,656 feet, overhangs Dunaff Head and the east side of the mouth of the Lough. A straight line from Dunaff Head to Malin Head extends north-north-eastward, measures 8 miles, and forms the chord of a semicircular sweep of marine indentation upon the land, whose shores are bold, and have in one place an altitude of 818 feet, and whose extremity ramifies far inland in the irregular but flaunting inlet of Strathbreaga bay.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 5

Knockrua hill at Abbeyknockmoy

Knockroe · townland · Galway

A high hill called Knockrua stands on the south side of the parish of Abbeyknockmoy, washed along its base by the river Moyne. The parish surface consists generally of light sheep pasture-ground with a large interspersion of bog.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

Gal way, Connaught. Length 6 miles; breadth 3: area of the whole, 12,386 acres ; of the Tjaqun section, 10,913 acres. Pop. of the whole, in l8SIt 2,866; in 1841, 3,846; of the Tyaquin section b 1841, 3,533. Houses in the whole, 704; in the Tyaquin section, 642. The surface of the parish is drained by the river Moyne ; and consists, in a nneral view, of light sheep pasture-ground, with a large interspersion of bog. What the Commissiooers on bogs in Ireland call distinctivelv the bo^ ol Abbeyknockmoy, comprehends 1,137 English acres, and was pronounced reclaimable at the cost ol £1,579 10s. It lies 121 feet above sea-level, has a mean depth of 16 feet, and is a firm black bpff, superincumbent on marl and gravel. On the north is very high ground, whose soil is chiefly the debris of limestone ; and on the south is a high hill called Knockrua, washed along its base by the Mojne* Other bog-lands of the parish are reported on jouitlj with those of Abbert and Windfield: see MoTin. Much of the district immediately upon the river is pleasant in contour, and rich in the dress of cultifation — The name * Knockmoy ' signifies * the hUl of the plain ;* and the abbey which shares with it in the designation of the parish, was anciently called * Monasterium de colle victoris.' The establishment is said to have been founded and endowed in 1180, by Cathal O'Connor, monarch of Ireland, in commemoration of a victory obtained by him at its site over Almericus de St. Lawrence. Considerable ruins of the edifice, which still exist, contain some frescoes, which, though rude in design, and faded Id colour, possess uncommon interest for the antiqusry, as the most authentic memorials anywhere to be found of ancient Irish costumes. These paintings occur on the north side of the chancel, and owe their conservation to the circumstance of that part of the fabric being vaulted with stone ; but they are now waning rapidly into decay. The figures an somewhat larger than life, and are arranged in an upper line of six kings, and a lower line representuw a youth naked, tied to a tree, and transfixed with arrows shot by two archers, while the brehon or judge, who had pronounced sentence, sits by with a roll of laws in his hand. Three of the kings appear as crowned skeletons, and are usually conjectumto be the most distinguished regal ancestors of the house of O'Connor, but seem, from the highly antique character of their crowns, a character much known in the latter ages of the Roman empire, to be patriot monarchs of very early Irish times. The other three kings are painted as in life, and represented each with the accompaniment of a fightiiig bird, in the same manner as the Anglo-Norman kings on their seals, and Harold the Norman kii^ in the Bayeux tapestries ; and they seem, firom the form of their crowns, to have belonged to the 12th or 13th century, and been among the distinguiihed native princes who defended their country agaimt the aggressions of adventurers. The opinion respecting them which has hitherto been copied bj almost every compiler, and which has the hi^h apology of being sanctioned by Dr. Ledwid, is tlwt *' the centre one is Roderick O'Connor, who waa monarch of Ireland at the period of the English introduction, supported by two vassal kings, one his grand falconer, the other his grand marshid." Btt*' Dr. Ledwich mistakes a bird in the band of the central figure for a trefoil or shamrock, and employs his blunder as a chief argument for his opini<m: ne gives in his Antiquities an utterly incorrect engraving of the frescoes ; and he destroys all confidence in his judgment by venturing the grossly improbable conjecture, that the paintings were the work of the confederate Roman Catholics of the 17th eentvy.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

Lambay Island: size and elevation off Dublin coast

Lambay Island · townland · Dublin

Lambay Island is described as 1½ miles in diameter and 418 feet in height, lying 2½ miles south-east of Rush Point. It is one of the notable inhabited islands along the east coast.

Read the passage

Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

flue Gtrvui Isles are a tinj group of tiny islets, 3^ miles east by north of Malin Head. EnnistrahnUfOrlnnistrahnllythe most northerly ground belonging to Ireland, and the site of a lighthouse, lies 7^ miles noith-east of Malin H^ and 4| north-north-east of the Ganran Isles. The Tuns are a dangerous shoal, 2 miles in length, immediately off the mouth of Lough Foyle, and between Innishowen Head and Magilligan Point. The Skerries are a cluster of rocks half-a-mile east of Portrush. Rathlin, remarkable for its singularly romantic and beautiful basaltic structure, measuring about 4| miles in length and the same distance in breadth, and belonging at one period to the kingdom of the Isles or Hebrides, lies 3 miles north-north-west of Fair Head. The Maidens are a group of two islets and a number of rocks 4} miles east-north-east of Ballygalley Head. The Copeland Islands are a group of chiefly three isles, Ijring from 1^ mile to 3} miles east and east-north-east of the south side of the entrance of Belfast Lough. A chain or cordon of islets and rocks, Ijring from a few yards to 2^ miles from the shore, fenoes nearly the whole coast from Ballyferis Point to Ballyquintin Point ; the chief of them, named from north to south, are Black Bock, Long Rock, Skullmartin. Round Rock, Burial Island, Rock MacOammon, Little Plough Rock, Plough Rock, the Feathers, North Rocks, the Scotchman, and South Rock ; and of these, SkuUmartin and North Rocks are eoTeied at half^de. Angus Rock lies off the north-east side of the entrance of Lough Strangford ; St Patrick's Rock and GoUet*s Rock lie off the south-west side of that entrance ; and a multitude of islets and rocks sprinkle the Lough's interior, — ^the chief of which, named from north to souths are MacCally*s Rock, Rough Island, North Rock, South Rock, Boretree Island, Chapel Island, Mid Island, South Island, Beagh Island, Mahee Island, Innishanier, Bird Island, Drummond Iriand, little Minnis, Great Minnis, Green Island, I>unsy Island, Island-More, Sconce Rock, Paul Island, Long Island, Round Island, Island-Faggart, Dunnyneill Island, Salt Island, Gore's Island, and Castle Island. Gun's Island lies 1 mile south-south-west of Killard Point, and almost quite close to the nearest part of the mainland. Blockhouse Island and Green- Islimd are two islets a little within the entrance of Lough Carlingford. The Cargee Rocks lie 1^ mile north of Balbriggan and within half-a-mile of the nearest part of the mainland. Four isles, called Colt's, St. Patrick's, Shennick'B, and Rockabill Islands, lie from half-a-mile to 4^ miles east-north-east of the town of Skerries. Lambay Island, 1^ mile in diameter and 418 feet in height, lies 2| miles south-east of Bnah Point. Irehmd's Eye, an isle of bold and romantic features, lies 1 mile north of the town of Howthy and forms the natural cover of Howth Harbour.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

River Moy tidal and navigable to Ballina

Sand upon bog at Ballycotton bay

Serpentine quarries in County Galway

Sherkin Island guards Baltimore Harbour

Slate quarrying at Glenpatrick, County Waterford

Slievenamon, loftiest summit of SE Tipperary

South Dublin the most populous poor-law union

Striped marble at Killarney

Wexford Harbour's bar and shifting sands

Whiddy Island shields Bantry Harbour

Barony of Athlone: rugged limestone landscape near Mount Talbot

Ancient timber preserved beneath western bogs of St. Peter's

Armoy parish church built in 1820

Aughrim village and Ballymanus, ancient seat of the Byrnes

Ballydaniel seat and underground rivulet near Youghal

Ballygorman, most northerly village in Ireland

Ballyshannon town plan and street layout

Balteagh rivulet and its course to the Roe

Bilboa and Keeper mountains in SW Tipperary

Lennon river navigable to Rathmelton

Lough Arrow's islands and shores

Newtownhamilton and its river

Red limestone soil at Armagh

Roofing slate near Lismore on the River Blackwater

Aghadown parish church built 1818

Aghalurcher parish towns of Lisnaskea and Maguire's Bridge

Ardagh village at foot of Ardagh Hill, Limerick

Ardcath village and fairs

Ardglass and Killough Harbours described

Ardglass lighthouse fixed light

Ardnageehy church built c.1798

Ardstraw church built and ornamented with steeple

Ballinabouse seat and plantations in Kildare

Ballinaclash parish scenery and demesnes

Ballinacor baronies and Lugnaquilla mountain

Ballinamara church built 1826

Ballintogher village in Sligo

Ballyclough-castle, seat of the MacRobert Barry sept

Ballyclough church monuments to notable families

Ballykean bog and its boundaries

Ballyshannon House, an old mansion in Kildare

Bloody Foreland's coastal hill and cliff

Bogland acreage in the Erris mountains

Bogland extent in the Connemara mountains

Carrickfergus as assize town

Chalybeate spa near Slieve Croob

Clifden church built 1812 with Board of First Fruits grant

Clonfert chapter employs a sacrist

Coarse ware potteries at Lambeg and Ballycastle

Curlew Mountains situation

Franciscan convent and friary chapel, Athlone

Glenarm Castle grounds with rare and noble trees

Granite protrusion cuts across Wicklow strata

Gravel hills east of Westport

Gravel hills near Lough Conn and Killala Bay

Greywacke geological district extends to Carn Clonhugh

Hampton Hall: proprietor's seat near Balbriggan

Horn Head's scenic Atlantic promontory

Knockrua hill at Abbeyknockmoy

Lambay Island: size and elevation off Dublin coast