The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Commercial Buildings on Waring Street

   near Belfast · city · Antrim

   The Exchange, or Commercial Buildings, stood on the south side of Waring Street and was erected by an incorporated company at a cost of £20,000. It featured a granite front of Ionic columns on a rusticated basement and contained a spacious news-room, assembly-room, and offices, serving as the meeting place for fashionable, political, charitable, and religious assemblies.

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   The Exchange — or the Commercial buildings, as it is here called — stands on the south side of Waringstreet, looking up Donegal-street, and was erected by an incorporated company, at the cost of £20,000. It is a large and elegant edifice, with a granite front of Ionic columns, resting on a rusticated basement ; it contains a very spacious and ornate news-room, an assembly-room, and several offices ; and, it not only is doily frequented by most of the mercantile body of the town, but is the place of meeting for the greater part of large, respectable, special assemblies, whether fashionable, political, charitable, or religious. — Diagonally confronting it, and situated at the divergence of North and Donegal streets, stands the Old Exchange, a heavy yet respectable brick building, the property of the Marquis of Donegal, and now converted in its ground-floor into shops,

   and elsewhere little used The Linen Hall, situated

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 170

2. Condon castles on the Blackwater near Fermoy

   Fermoy · townland · Cork

   A tower ruin on the south side of the Blackwater, a little below Fermoy, belonged to the Condons. It faces a kindred ruin called Liclasb-castle on the opposite bank.

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   ruin, in the barony of Fermoy, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the south side of the Blackwater, a little belo\¥ Fermoy, and is confronted on the opposite bank by the kindred ruin of Liclasb-castle. The erections belonged to the Condons; but, though called castlefi, are no noore than mere towers.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

3. Cong Abbey and the disputed tomb of Roderick O'Connor

   Cong · town · Mayo

   Cong Abbey was popularly believed to contain the tomb of Roderick O'Connor, though Clonmacnoise and Roscommon contested this honour. A peasant, dreaming of hidden treasure, dug under the wall adjoining the reputed royal tomb at night, threw down the entire wall, nearly killed himself, and overwhelmed what was said to be O'Connor's grave.

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   CONG, a small po^t-town in the above parish, staiuls about 4 of a mile north of the nearest part of the head of Lough Corrib, 5 miles south hy west ot Ballinrobe, 10 north- west by wrest of Headford, and 1 18J west of Dublin. As a town, it is a dingy, dismal, disorderly, starved collection of squiUid cabin-*, with few, very few points of relief. One large corn-mill is a pleasing feature; the church and the ruined abbey look rather incongruous than amassed with the village ; the beautiful demesne of Ashford immediately adjacent hides itself from communion with the miserable assemblage of bouses; the two or three shops, and the apology for an inn, look as if threatened with inanition; and all the appliances of tourists' visits, constabulary police station, post-office, seat of petty-sessions court, and advuNtageousness of site for commanding extensive internal trade, fail to keep the place from poverty, and almost the jaws of extinction. The * Guide through Ireland' might well say, " Taking the advantages of lake and mountain scenery which this place enjoys, together with its site, we cannot but regret that such a miserable vilUge as Cong should o<*cupy MO important a position.' Yet the town wa.> anciently of high character, and even claims the honour of having been the metropolis of Connaught. Roderick O'Connor, the opponent of Henry II., and the la*it of the Milesian monarchs of all Ireland, retired hither after he lost possession of power, and spent much, some say all, the latter portion of his life among its rocks and caverns ancl dark-flowing streams. Coixt^ abbey, too, is said, and currently believed, to contain his tomb ; but this honour is contested with it by both Clonmacnoise and Roscommon, and must very probably be conceded to Clonmaenoine. Some peasant dreamed or imagined that a treasure was hid in the vi-all adjoining the reputed royal tomb ; and commencing to dig for it under night, he threw down the whole wall, nearly

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

4. Cong Abbey architecture and ruined state

   Cong · town · Mayo

   Cong Abbey displays greater antiquity than most old structures of its class in Ireland, with rounded Saxon arches and delicately carved stone-work. By 1846 it was little better than a heap of rubbish—a ruin of a ruin—with fallen stones, exhumed skulls, and tottering walls.

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   killed himself, and overwhelmed what was reported to be O'Connor's grave. The abbey has a greater appearance of antiquity than most old piles of its class in Ireland ; and seems to have been a structure of high architectural pretension. ** Some of the arches of the side-aisles," says Mr. Trotter, *' are rounded in the Saxon manner; others very finely finished, and ornamented with carved stone-work, of great delicacy and beauty." But it is now little better than a heap of rubbish,— emphatically a ruin, — almost the ruin of a ruin, — a dismantled and overwhelmed structure, — a dismal mixture of fallen stones, exhumed skulls and tottering walls. Archdall's account of it may be quoted, but must be understood cum prano : " St. Fechan erected a magnificent monastery, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, and died a. d. 664. The author of this Saint's Life calls it expressly ' his own monastery ;* yet do some writers affirm, that it was founded in the year 624, by Donald, son of ^d, nephew to Amirach, king of Ireland, and that St Fechan was for some time abbot of it. On the lOth of Dec, 1605, a lease in reversion of this abbey, for 50 years, was granted to Sir John King, Knight, ancestor to the Earl of Kingston." Even superficial readers of Irish antiquarian story know that St. Fechin or Feachiii, whose " own monastery ** this of Cong is alleged to have been, hai his grand locality assigned him by monastic annals at Fore or Feachin-of-Fore in Lein-

   ster The Neai and Cong dispensary is within the

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

5. Cong Abbey founded by St. Fechin

   Cong · town · Mayo · 624–1605

   According to Archdall, St. Fechin erected a magnificent monastery at Cong under the invocation of the Virgin Mary and died in AD 664. Some writers claim it was founded in 624 by Donald, son of Aed, and that St. Fechin served as abbot. A lease in reversion was granted to Sir John King on 10 December 1605.

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   killed himself, and overwhelmed what was reported to be O'Connor's grave. The abbey has a greater appearance of antiquity than most old piles of its class in Ireland ; and seems to have been a structure of high architectural pretension. ** Some of the arches of the side-aisles," says Mr. Trotter, *' are rounded in the Saxon manner; others very finely finished, and ornamented with carved stone-work, of great delicacy and beauty." But it is now little better than a heap of rubbish,— emphatically a ruin, — almost the ruin of a ruin, — a dismantled and overwhelmed structure, — a dismal mixture of fallen stones, exhumed skulls and tottering walls. Archdall's account of it may be quoted, but must be understood cum prano : " St. Fechan erected a magnificent monastery, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, and died a. d. 664. The author of this Saint's Life calls it expressly ' his own monastery ;* yet do some writers affirm, that it was founded in the year 624, by Donald, son of ^d, nephew to Amirach, king of Ireland, and that St Fechan was for some time abbot of it. On the lOth of Dec, 1605, a lease in reversion of this abbey, for 50 years, was granted to Sir John King, Knight, ancestor to the Earl of Kingston." Even superficial readers of Irish antiquarian story know that St. Fechin or Feachiii, whose " own monastery ** this of Cong is alleged to have been, hai his grand locality assigned him by monastic annals at Fore or Feachin-of-Fore in Lein-

   ster The Neai and Cong dispensary is within the

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

6. Cong as ancient metropolis of Connaught

   Cong · town · Mayo

   The town of Cong, though in 1846 a miserable collection of cabins, was anciently of high character and claimed to be the metropolis of Connaught. Roderick O'Connor, the last Milesian monarch of Ireland, retired here after losing power and spent his latter days among its rocks, caverns, and dark-flowing streams.

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   CONG, a small po^t-town in the above parish, staiuls about 4 of a mile north of the nearest part of the head of Lough Corrib, 5 miles south hy west ot Ballinrobe, 10 north- west by wrest of Headford, and 1 18J west of Dublin. As a town, it is a dingy, dismal, disorderly, starved collection of squiUid cabin-*, with few, very few points of relief. One large corn-mill is a pleasing feature; the church and the ruined abbey look rather incongruous than amassed with the village ; the beautiful demesne of Ashford immediately adjacent hides itself from communion with the miserable assemblage of bouses; the two or three shops, and the apology for an inn, look as if threatened with inanition; and all the appliances of tourists' visits, constabulary police station, post-office, seat of petty-sessions court, and advuNtageousness of site for commanding extensive internal trade, fail to keep the place from poverty, and almost the jaws of extinction. The * Guide through Ireland' might well say, " Taking the advantages of lake and mountain scenery which this place enjoys, together with its site, we cannot but regret that such a miserable vilUge as Cong should o<*cupy MO important a position.' Yet the town wa.> anciently of high character, and even claims the honour of having been the metropolis of Connaught. Roderick O'Connor, the opponent of Henry II., and the la*it of the Milesian monarchs of all Ireland, retired hither after he lost possession of power, and spent much, some say all, the latter portion of his life among its rocks and caverns ancl dark-flowing streams. Coixt^ abbey, too, is said, and currently believed, to contain his tomb ; but this honour is contested with it by both Clonmacnoise and Roscommon, and must very probably be conceded to Clonmaenoine. Some peasant dreamed or imagined that a treasure was hid in the vi-all adjoining the reputed royal tomb ; and commencing to dig for it under night, he threw down the whole wall, nearly

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

7. Cong parish isthmus and underground passages

   Cong · town · Mayo

   The natural isthmus between Lough Mask and Lough Corrib at Cong serves as a political boundary between the counties of Galway and Mayo. A large proportion of the central district is tunnelled, cavernous, and otherwise perforated, with scenery around Benlevy and Maamdarg mountains described as alpine in grandeur.

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   morass, but prevailingly rich limestone land, amaz« ingly encumbered with profuse aapertions and huge a88embla^e8 of detacbea, broken, naked blocks of rock. The natural isthmus between Lough Mask and Lough Corrib, is at the same time a political ii:thmus between the western and eastern moieties of the parish, and between the counties of Gal way and Mayo. The scenery in the west, around the bases or upon the soaring acclivities of Benlevy and Maamdarg mountains is, in some views, an epitome of the alpine grandeur of the sequestered and Highland interior of Joyce -Country and Cunnemara; and, in other views, a semi-panorama of a large section of the basins of Loughs Mask and Corrib ; the scenery in the centre, or rather at the south, of the isthmus, around Cong and Asbford, is principally a soft yet gorgeous prof^pect of the broad and isfeted Lough Corrib [see Corbib] ; and the scenery in the east reveals broad and irksome expanses of plain, looking grev from the profuse sprinklings of fa«ire limestone rocks, but carrying off the eye to an imposing perspectivc of the noble sky-line and vertical contour of the frontier mountains of Joyce-Country and Cunnemara. *' Few of the mountain ranges in the kingdom," says Mr. Fraser, **are more beautiful and imposing in their outlines than those around Cong;" and Mr. Otway, after noticing the view of them from the ashy-coloured surface of the eastern district, says, ** I was put in mind of the hills of Cumberland and Westmoreland, as seen from the plains and sandy shores of Lancashire." A large proportion of the central district, or of the isthmus, is tunnelled, cavernous, and otherwise perforated,

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

8. Cong's road connections to surrounding districts

   Cong · town · Mayo

   Communications radiate from Cong to Ballinrobe, Headford, Oughterard, Connemara, and Joyce-Country. The roads in this sequestered district are described as good.

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   a darkened room, p4aying with unearthly upon one spot of the waterst and then shadh^ off into chiaro sairo, and sustaining the apeedy eautfsit of total darkness ; a large cavern at the botlmi tf the descent reveals the river burstii^ from thi bowels of the world, mirthful in current^ afivo «ilh fish, and sweeping instantly and careeringly past iaia an invisible gulf below ; and an old wooMOt a hm^ a Hecate — we speak of the dcerone who actad fir ourselves, and seems also to have acted for Cbar Otway and other tourists — now kindles op a Ml flambeau of straw in a dark recess of the cain tosses and waves it till it has sufficient wSad^ga^iai lights up the dark and mysteriouslv varied root then ainga it on the bosom of toe rapid li^ *' and on it goes, floating and still hi forward its light, and discovering on vsults and passages, now higfa« now low* oddfjw and whirling, and flashing ap ita fitful blaas aataS is extinguished in the frr distanoa» where Iht stream plunges down and is lost whera eye Bcwf followed." The chief seats in the parish art Afli- FOBD and Baixtm AdBBOM : see thfl«a artkiMb The view from the wooded grounds of AshMb extensive and picturesque : see CoBBim. The nail radiate from Cong to Ballinrobe, Headfbrd, Om^ terard, Cunnemara, and Joyce-Country ; aadp t&r m sequestered a district, are good. A MMt aav%Blim is practicable from the head of Lough Cwrih taOik wav. One of the best limestone quairies ia I ~ ' and one which easilv funushes blocks of the

   scantlings adjoins toe villsge. EzeellaBt

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

9. Conna Castle and Cromwell's Cannonade

   Conna · town · Cork · 1603

   Conna village in County Cork features a square tower remnant of a castle once belonging to Thomas Fitzgerald Roe and demised to Sir Richard Boyle in 1603. A rising ground called Gallows-hill is where Cromwell cannonaded the castle and held a military council.

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   CONN A, or CoNNonciir, a village in the parish of Knoi'kmourne^ barony of Kinnataloon. eo. Cork, Munster. It stands on the river Bride. 5 miles we-it-north-we-it of Tallow. A dispensary here is within the Fermoy Poor-law union, and serves for a distnct which, in 1B31, had a pop. of 17,*2G.3; and, in 1839-40, it expended £1:26 lOs. 4d., and made 4.891 dispensations of medicine to 3,130 patients. A stone bridge Cjirries the thoroughfare across the Bride. A square tower, al)Out 80 feet iiigh, crowns a lofty limestone rock which rises almost «heer up from the river. This tower is the remnant of a castle which belonged to Thomas FitZsjerald Roe. and was, in 1()03, demised to Sir Richard Boyle by Sir James FuUerton. Over the entrance is a machicolation ; and the tirst arched floor, called the Earl's room, is accessible by a winding staircase of cut limestone, more neatly executed than similar work in the majority of old Irish castles. The tower commands an extensive and intere>ting view of the surrounding country. A little beyond the village is a rising ground, called the Gallows-hill, whence Cromwell caimonaded the castle, and on which he is said to have stationed his army, and held a military council. Area of the village, 44 acres. Pop., in 1841, 4.'U. Houses 04. Comia gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Cloyne and Ross. Post-town, Tallow. See Knockmournk.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

10. Connaught coal-field at Lough Allen

    near Lough Allen · lake or lakes · Leitrim

    A small but interesting coal-field is situated around the point where Leitrim, Sligo, and Roscommon meet, partially in each county. The Lough Allen district contains three beds of coal, with the middle 3-foot bed being the best quality, and an estimated 5,000 Irish acres of good coal remaining.

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    ^ The Connaught coal-field consists of a group of hills, considerable in elevation, steep in acclivity, ani flat in summit; and, though small, is so situated round the point at which Uie countiea of Leitrim, Sligo, and Roscommon meet, as to be partially ia each. The strata which accompanv the coal rest directl)r on secondary limestone ; and the coal itsdf occurs in detached basins near the summit «>f some of the hills. Two or three brief extracts from the report of Mr. Griffiths' examination before a Com* mittee of the House of Commons, in 1824, will convey sufficient summary information respecting the coal-field : — '* There are three beds of coal in the Lough Allen district; the upper, 9 inches; the second, 3 feet; and the third also 3 feet thick, but the centre one is much the best " " He coiw ceives that there are 5,000 Irish or 8,000 English acres still reouuning of good 3 feet coal, which would }'ield above 30,000,000 tons." ** The coal ia particularlv exempt from water : being placed on a high level, the water in most cases ma^ be drawn off by levels or tunnels." ** The quahty of the coal is not so good as that of either Whitehaven or Newcastle; it is a kind of medium between the open burning or quick blaxing coal of Scotland, and the caking coal of Whitehaven : he considers it a veiv good coal for culinary and manufacturing purposes.^ The coal-field contams also much rich ironstone and abundance of suitable limestone. See AmiOHA and

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 231

11. Connemara roads before 1813 were mere footpaths

    near Connemara · locality · Galway · 1813–1846

    Before 1813, the only roads of Connemara were footpaths over bogs and rocky heights, or narrow bridle-roads that were dangerous or impracticable in winter. By the 1840s, excellent carriage-roads connected the coast and central valley to Galway and the rest of Ireland.

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    Previous to 1813, the only roads of Cunnemara were footpaths over bogs and rocky heights, or narrow bridle-roads highly dangerous or quite impracticable in winter, and scarcely passable by a mounted stranger even during summer. But one excellent carriage-road now makes the circuit of the whole coast, and brings all the numerous marine inlets and their valleys into overland communication b^ way of Costello bay with Galway ; another and sUU more valuable road proceeds from Galway to Oughterard, and thence along the great central valley, quite through the countiy, to Clifden ; and other unprovaments, in the form of subordinate roads, and of quays and piers, have been made to so great an extent as to render communication from every valuable or tolerably reclaimable part of Cunnemara easy with Galway, and thence with the rest of Ireland. ** The effect of the various public works, as Mrell roads as piers, and of paying the labourers in hard cash, upon the general prosperity of this country, since 1822, sayt .Mr. Nimmo," is quite surprising to every one ; "and though I may have been supposed somewhat sanguine in my expectations, the result has far outrun what I had anticipated. Trade and commerce have been introduced into the extremity of Cunemara, capital has accumulated in a surprising degree, and with it enterprise and exertion in the fisb^iries, in agriculture, and ill foreign trade. Cargoes of country goods, salt, timber, &c., are now imported direct into Cunemara; the poor village of Clifden has become a considerable market town, exports herrings, marble, &c The peasantry, who were almost entirely unacquainted with money, now pay their rents in cash, a tbiqg heretofore unknown ; they are well clad, evidently in new stuff; they bring to the markets of CUfilen a variety of articles'for sale, and never depart without making some purchases." — " It was impossible," says Mr. Inglis," to cast the eye over the vast inclined plains of bog-land, skirte«l by fine water-IeveU, which seemed to invite draining, without feeling a conrie* tion of the immense capabilities of this part of Ireland, and seeing in prospective these vast tracts bearing abundant produce, and the chains of loughs carrying that produce on the one side to Lough Oonib aad Galway bay, and on the other to Birterbuy liay. Off one of the other bays which lie to the westward. * * Most encouraging proofs are everywhere to bo soea of the capabilities of the bogs of Connemara. Oa the name land, 1 saw heaps of turf newly cut out oC the bog, and close by the finest crops of oata, potat

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

12. Conry parish in Westmeath: landscape and settlement

    Conry · parish · Westmeath

    The parish of Conragh (Conry) sits on the eastern border of the barony of Rathconrath, about 4 miles east of Ballymore in County Westmeath. Its surface is mostly profitable land drained westward by a late affluent of the Inny, and in 1834 it had 21 Protestants and 909 Roman Catholics.

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    CONRAGH, or Conrt, a parish on the eastern border of the barony of Rathconratb, 4 natles east of Ballymore, co. Westmeath, Leinster. Length, I4 mile ; breadth, 1 ; area, 3,697 acres. Pop., in 1831, 930; in 1841, 90S. Houses 157. The surfiice consists for the most part of profitable land; and is drained westward by one of the latest affluents of

    the Inny This parish is a \'icarage, and part of the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

13. Construction of Clones parish church

    Clones · town · Monaghan · 1824

    The parish church at Clones was constructed in 1824. It was funded by a loan of nearly £3,000 from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    waste or pastoral upland. The chief seats. eitKer within the limits or in their iumedUte riciiiltjr, are Curra- House and Farmhill, respectively 2 aiid 3 miles south-south-west of the town, on the way to Belturbet; Summerhill, Johnstown, and Scotsborough, west of the town, on the wav to Newtown- Butler ; Lisnapoe, a little to the north of the town; and Lough Oonagb, 4 miles to the east, on the way to Monaghan. Other objects of interest will m noticed in connection with the town and the villages. This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice* in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition, £950; glebe, £1,050 6s. 8d. Gross income, £2,000 6*. 8d. ; nett, £1,686 15s. 9d. Patron, Sir Thomas Barrett Lennard, Bart. The incumbent holds also the benefice of AghnamuUen in the dio. of Cloffher, and the sinecure deanery of Clonaiacnoise in the dio. of Mei^h. Three curates are employed ; one for the parish church at a stipend of £ 100 ; and one for eaeh of two chapels-of-ease, at a salary each of £75 and the surplice fees. The church was built in 1824, by means of a loan of £2,953 16s. lid. from the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 700; attendance 000. A chapel-of-ease at Clough, 3^ miles from the town of Clones, was built, in 1828, b^ means of a parodiial assessment to the amount of'^£286 7s. 9|d., and a loan of £1.100 from the Ute Board of First Fruits. Sittings 550; attendance 350. Another chapel-oCease, about 3^ miles distant from both the former and the parish- church, was built at Aghadrumsee in 1819, by means of a gift of £830 15s. 4id. from the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 250; attendanee 220. Two meeting-houses belonged to the General Assembly, the one formerly of the Synod of Ulster, and the other Secessional, hare an attemlanee of respectively 200 and 125. Two Wesleyan meeting-houses at Clones and Smithsborough are attended* the former by 180, and the latter by 40. Two Roman Catholic chapels at Clones and Aghadrumswords are attended by 2,280 and 862 ; two at Roaska and Magherarny are attended by 1,800 and 500; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, nch two are mutually united. In 1884, the jpariahioners consisted of 7.027 Churchmen, 1,054 Presbyterians, and 13,789 Roman Catholics; a Roman CathoUe Sunday school at Clones was averagely attended by 400 children, — a Sunday school at Clough, by 90, — and 10 schools of the General Sunday school Sodety. at Clones, Aghadrumsee, Gortuawinney, Magfaeravilly, Drumavaddy, Spring-grove, Tattenbar, wcQmount, Talloo, and Tanity, by 674 ; and 34 dsily schools had on their books 1,391 boys and 770 girls. Of the daily schools, one at Clough reeeired aid from the Association for DiscounteiumciiKViee ; one, at Magheravilly, was salaried with £B Ukfrom subscription ; 3, at Smithsborough, Gurastreet, and another locality, were in conneefeioa with the London Hibernian Society; 8, at Rossbrick, Largs, Granshaw, Magherarny, Aughnashalvey, Bruskena, Greaghawarren, and Deer- Park, were salaried by the National Board; and 10, at donkeen, Clononaken, Aghadrumsee, Clones, 8pri«ggrove, Magheravilly, Granshaw, Gortnawing, and Tattenbar, were ou the plan of the KUdare-Plaee Society.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

14. Construction of the Mardyke walk in Cork

    Mardyke · electoral division · Cork · 1719

    In 1719, Mr. Edward Webber constructed a public walk called the Mardyke, running nearly an English mile westward along a marsh toward the point where the River Lee forks. At its termination, he built a brick house and enclosed a tea-garden which became a popular summer resort for citizens.

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    leading to them removed. In 1712-13, the wooden brid^it at the north and south enda of the city were pulled down, and nuperKeded by handsome stone erections. In 1719, Mr. E^iward Webber constructed the public wM. c&XXed the Mardyke, nearly an Eng. Iii>h mile in length, westward along a marnh to near the point where the Lee forks into two main-channels ; and, at its termination, he built a brick house, and enclosed a tea-garden, which became a favourite summer resort of tne citizens. Hammond's Marsh, which lay between the town and the commencement of this promenade, was also provided with public gardens, and had **a large and pleasant bowling-green, planted on its margin with trees kept regularly cut." In 17*2-5, the east marsh and DunscoinbeV .Marsh had become so extensively edificed and peopled as to be erected into the pansh of St. Paul*!*, and provided with a parochial place of worship. In 17 lo and 17*2B, gaols for the county at large, > and for the county of the citv, supplanted the old castles and gates which Btoo<l at tne ends of the miiin street, and had then become ruinous; but these gaols were incommodiou'* and ungraceful structures, as insecure as they were lumpibh, and they have necessarily been swept away in the progress of a maturing improvement. The various canals and ditches, which cut the site and immediate environs of the old town into a labyrinth of islets, were gradually arched over; and the roadways which superseded them combined with the embankments, and raised grounds upon periodically flooded marshes, to consolidate the whole tract between the two outer channels of the Lee into one island. In 1774, the canal which ran through the middle of the present Henry-street was arched; in 177B, the canal between Hammond's quay and the west side of the city walls was converted into a street which received the name of the celebrated Grattan ; in 1780, a canal between Tuckey's quay and the Mall, was formed into the present Grand Parade ; in 17B3, the canal between Long quay and Colville's quay became Patrick -street ; about the same time, the Potatoe quay dock, between the subsequent corn market and bridewell, was covered in ; in 1795. the canal called Fenn's quay, was converted into Nile-street; and soon after other canals were formed into Nelson's-place and the South Mall, — the latter the best street in Cork. Improvements, or rather exten&iions, were commenced aNo around the quondam villages of Old Cork and Blackpool; and these have so far and rapidly pushed series of street-lines along the extreme sides of the Lee, and up the adjacent slopes, as practically to have placed two large towns in juxtaposition with the renovated and extended river-girt city of the marshes.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

15. Convent farms surrendered to King James I, granted to London Society

    near Coleraine · town · Derry

    The farms belonging to the convent of the Monastery of the Bann were surrendered to the Commissioners of King James I and subsequently granted by him to the London Society. The monastery was noted as an eminent foundation, sending forth two bishops, two authors, and eight martyrs.

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    that, in 1171, the church of Coleraine "ahbey/* in common with several other churches, was plundered by Manus MacDunlave A monastery, situated to the west of the town, and called the Monastery of the Bann, was dedicated to the Virgin Mary in 1244, and probably was founded in that year, but \s alleged by a crowd of careless copyists to have been founded in the 5th century by the noble family of the O'Cahans, or by the ^ucKvelins. In 1484, this monastery was remodelled by the Dominican order ; and, in 1644, it was erected into an university by the general council of Rome. " Whoever chooses to dip further into the monastic history of this place," sa^s Mr. Sampson, ** may consult the Hibernia Dominicana: he will there find, among other thingji, a recital concerning t miraculous triumph of the Virgin's image over the English, or rather Scottish Bishop, Brutus Babington, and all his attendants, in 1611. Father Burke records, from his own observation, that, in 1751, after diligent inquiry, he could find but few traces of this church and convent. The farms belonging to this convent \vere surrendered to the Commissioners of King James I., and by him granted to the London Society. The last prior was Shane O'Boyle. It appears to have been a very eminent foundation, and is recorded to have sent forth two bishops, two authors, and eight martyrs."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 228

16. Convoy House and village on the Deel river

    Convoy · town · Donegal

    The chief mansion of Convoy parish is Convoy House, the seat of R. Montgomery, Esq., surrounded by a fine demesne. The village of Convoy adjoins this demesne, standing on the Deel river at the junction of the Raphoe-Stranorlar road and a road from Letterkenny, with fairs held eight times a year.

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    CONVOY, a parish, containing a village of tht same name, in the barony of Raphoe, 3 miles southwest of the town of Raphoe, co. Donegal, Ulster. Length, west by northward, 9 miles; breadth, from i to 4] ; area, 20,082 acres, 8 percfae8,-..of whi^ 25 acres. 3 roods, 14 perches are in Lough Ded. Pop., in 1831, 5,380; in 1841, 5,479. Houses 973- About one-half of the land is very good ; and tht other half is bog and mountain. Lough Decl Iks on the western boundary, and has an demtUm above sea-level of 871 feet. Cork mountain, nt^ ated about a mile south-east of the lake, ia the highest ground in the parish, and has an altitodi of 1,198 feet. The nver Deel drains the parochial surface eastward; and the road from Baphut to Stranorlar runs south-south-westward through the interior. The chief mansion is Convoy-home; the seat of R. Montgomery, Esq., surrounded by a fine demesne. Convoy villsge a^J^R* thii demesne, and stands on the Deel river and on the Raphoe and Stranorlar road, at a point where tht

    CON

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

17. Convoy parish: Lough Deel and Cork mountain

    Convoy · town · Donegal

    Convoy parish in County Donegal contains Lough Deel on its western boundary at 871 feet above sea level, and Cork mountain about a mile south-east of the lake, rising to 1,198 feet as the highest ground in the parish. The river Deel drains the surface eastward, and the Raphoe-to-Stranorlar road runs through the interior.

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    CONVOY, a parish, containing a village of tht same name, in the barony of Raphoe, 3 miles southwest of the town of Raphoe, co. Donegal, Ulster. Length, west by northward, 9 miles; breadth, from i to 4] ; area, 20,082 acres, 8 percfae8,-..of whi^ 25 acres. 3 roods, 14 perches are in Lough Ded. Pop., in 1831, 5,380; in 1841, 5,479. Houses 973- About one-half of the land is very good ; and tht other half is bog and mountain. Lough Decl Iks on the western boundary, and has an demtUm above sea-level of 871 feet. Cork mountain, nt^ ated about a mile south-east of the lake, ia the highest ground in the parish, and has an altitodi of 1,198 feet. The nver Deel drains the parochial surface eastward; and the road from Baphut to Stranorlar runs south-south-westward through the interior. The chief mansion is Convoy-home; the seat of R. Montgomery, Esq., surrounded by a fine demesne. Convoy villsge a^J^R* thii demesne, and stands on the Deel river and on the Raphoe and Stranorlar road, at a point where tht

    CON

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

18. Cookstown mansion tower and Stewart purchase from Earl of Tyrone

    near Cookstown · town · Tyrone

    A tower at Cookstown incorporates the only remaining part of an old mansion that occupied the site when Mr. Stewart's ancestor purchased the property from the Earl of Tyrone. The north front features this square erection at its west end, while the principal apartments display elaborate architecture on the east and north sides.

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    Hfonal tower as gpactous as the circular one, but not BO lofty; the north front has, at its west end, a square erection, and the only remaining^ part of the old mansion which occupied the site when Mr. Stewart's ancestor purchased the property from the Earl of Tyrone ; the east and north sides contain all the principal apartments, and possess nearly all the edifice's elaboration of architecture ; and the other two sides contain the offices, have an irregular ground plan, and are shaded with trees The principal trade of the to>vn is the linen manufacture, the retail supply of the surrounding country with miscellaneous wareit, and the ordinary transactions of the corn and dairy markets. Fairs arc held on the second Saturday of Feb., Mav, Aug., and Nov. ; on March 28 ; on the first Tuesday of June, O. S. ; on Sept 4, and Oct. 10; and on the last Saturday of Dec. A branch of the Belfast Bank was established in 1835. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a coach to Belfast, and a mail-coach in transit between Coleraine and Newry. — The Poor-law union of Cookstown ranks as the 66th, and was declared on 22d Aug., 1839. It lies wholly in co. Tyrone, and comprehends an area of 151 square miles, or 96,730 acres; with a pop., in 1831, of 44,624. Its electoral divisions, together with their pop., in 1831, are — Cookstown, 3,793; Lower Lissan, 1,720; Beaghmore, 895; Ballinasollus 1,529; Oritor, 2,5'27; Oaklands,2,18S; Killeenan, 1,606; Pomeroy, 3,431 ; the Rock, 2,719; Sandholes, 2,428; Tullyhog, 4,039; Stewartstown, 3,878; Ballyclog, 3,121 ; KiU lycolpy, 3,736; Muntcreolin, 4396; and Coagh, 2,623. The number of ex-officio guardians is 7, and of elected guardians, 21 ; and 2 of the latter are returned by each of the divisions of Cookstown, Tullyhog, Stewartstown, Killycolpy, and Muntcreolin, and one bv each of the other divisions. The total nett annual value of property rated is £57t015; the total number of persons rated is 7*513; and of these, 393 are rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 926 not exceeding £2,-1,039 not exceedinj^ £3,— 851 not exceeding £4, — and 707 not exceeding £5. The workhouse was contracted for on May 17, 1840, —to be completed in Sept 1841,— to cost £5,220 for building and completion, and £1,050 for fictings and contingencies, — to occupy an area of 6 acres, I rood, 6 perches, for which an annual rent of £18 Is. 7id. is paid, — and to contain accommodation for 600 persons. The date of the first admission of paupers was May 31, 1842; the total expenditure thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £1,506 18s. 6d[d.; and the total previous expenditure was £752 Ids. No fever hospital and no infirmary are accessible nearer than Oinagh ; and the former offers no advantage whatever to this union, the latter very little. The dispensary districts are 4 in number, and have their seats at Coagh, Cookstown, Pomerov, and Stewartstown; but they are aggregately much more extensive than the union, and comprise an area of 156,233 acres, with a pop., in 1831, of 65,819. The Cookstown dispensary serves for an area of 58,307 acres, with a pop. of 21,056; and, in 1839^40, it expended .t'105 17s. 8d.; and administered to 1,811 patients. In 1841, the Loan Fund of Cookstown had a capital of £3,696; circulated £17,026 in 4,a^ loans; realized a nett profit of £166 Os. 4d.; and expended on charitable purposes £90; — and from the date of its institution till the close of that year, it circulated £50,293 in 13,196 loans; cleared a nett profit of £646 I4s. 2d. ; and expended on charitable purposes,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

19. Cookstown town and Killymoon demesne, Co. Tyrone

    near Cookstown · town · Tyrone

    Cookstown in Co. Tyrone consists almost wholly of one spacious, long, and straggling street lined with trees, giving it the appearance of a mall. The adjacent demesne of Killymoon, belonging to W. Stewart, Esq., is one of the best wooded demesnes in the north of Ireland; its mansion is a splendid Saxon-style edifice designed by Nash at a reputed cost of £80,000.

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    COOKSTOWN, a post and market town in the parish of Derryloran, barony of Dungannon, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the Kildross rivulet, one of the chief head-streams of the Ballinderrj river, and on the great north road from Armagh, at the point where that road forks into the lines toward respectively Londonderry and Coleraine, 1^ mile south of the boundary-line of co. Londonderry, 7} miles west of the nearest point of Lough Neagb, 3| south-west of Moneymore, 4k north-north-west of Stewartstown, 20} north of Armagh, and 34^ west of Belfast. It almost wholly consists of one spacious, very long, and somewhat straggling street, so lined with trees as to have the appearance of a mall, and so intimately connected with the adjacent demesne of its proprietor, W. Stewart, Esq., as to possess a delightfully rural character. Its private buildings have an agreeable style of masonry ; its market-square is spacious and pleasant; and its public edifices, consisting of a market-house, a courthouse, a linen-hall, a Poor-law workhouse, the parish-church of Derryloran, and two Presbyterian meeting-houses, have aggregately a character somewhat in keeping with the town. Mr. Stewart's demesne of Killvmoon, which imparts to Cook^town more than halt of that pleasant place's delightful charms, is one of the best wooded demesnes in the north of Ireland. The mansion is a splendid edifice in the Saxon style, built from designs by Nash, at the reputed cost of £80,000. lu form is that of a hollow parallelogram; the east front is perforated with the main entrance, and has nearly over its centre a large circular tower; the angle, between the east and north fronts, is sunnountcd by an octa*

    coo

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

20. Coolavin: ancient principality and McDermott seat

    Coolavin · electoral division · Sligo

    Coolavin barony in southern Sligo was anciently a toparchy or principality of a sept. M. McDermott, Esq., whose mansion of Coolavin stands on the north shore of Lough Gara, claims to be the lineal descendant of the ruling family.

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    COOL AVI N. a barony in the extreme south of the county of Sligo. Connaught. It is bounded, on the north, by the barony of Corran ; on the east and M)uth, by the county of Roscommon ; and on the south-west and west, by the county of Mayo. Its groatest length, from east to west, is 8| miles ; its greatest breadth, from north to south, is 7^ ; and it« area is 29.157 acres, 27 perches, — of which 3,707 acres, 2 roo<l<, 23 perches are water. Lough Gara partly stretches along the southern border, but chiefly projects into the interior. See Gara. The land in the west is principally a sheet of bog; and elsewhere is principally a congeries of mountains and intervening hollows. The summit heights are a westward prolongation of the Curlew mountains; they run along luarl y the middle of the barony ; they form a watershed between the Sligo bay basin ana the Boyle arm of the ba<in of the Shannon ; and they bear the names of Derry woghema, Faline, and Boulindue. The drainage of the south district is eastward by the lloyle river ; and of the north district, is northward by the head>rilU of the Owenmore. Coolavin was anciently a toparchy, or the principality of a sept; and M. MticDermott, E«{., whose manMon of Coolavin is situated on the north shore of Lough Gara, rlaiuis to be the lineal descendant of its quondam

    princes or toparchs This barony contains part of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

21. Coolclough colliery on the Blackwater

    Coolclogh · townland · Cork

    Coolclough, the nameplace of a Roman Catholic parish in the diocese of Kerry, sits on the north bank of the Blackwater river. It was the site of one colliery in a chain of collieries in the area.

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    COOLCLOUGII, a Roman Catholic parish on the eastern border of the dio. of Kerry, Munstcr. Post-town, Kanturk. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions. Coolclough proper, whence the pa^i^h ha< its name, is situated on the north bank of the Black water ; and at this place is one of a chain of collieries.

    OOOLCOR, a parish in the baronv of Lower Philip-^town, King's co., Leinster. 'though still fiijuring, in ecclesiastical documents, as a rectory in the (iio. of Kildare, it is completely consolidated, as to both civil and eccle^iastic^l matters, with the parish of Ballyixurlev : which see.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

22. Coolcorcoran bog near Killarney

    Coolcorcoran · townland · Kerry

    Coolcorcoran is a bog of about 1,565 acres roughly two miles north of Killarney in the barony of Magunihy, County Kerry. It lies in connected hollows at 200–300 feet above sea level and, even fifty years before the gazetteer, was much used as a turbary (turf-cutting ground) for the town of Killarney.

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    COOLCORCORAN, a bog about 2 miles north of Kilhiniey, barony of Magonihy, co. Kerrv, Munster. Area, 1,5(35 acres, 2 roods, 2} percfies. It lies in various connected hollows ; has an average depth of about 10 feet, and an altitude above seak'vel of from 200 to 300 feet ; is superincumbent on siliceous gravel and clay ; and, though near the Deanagh rivulet and the Lake of Killarney, declines to the north, and sends its waters, by a narrow swampy hollow, to the Glanuragh stream, and thence through the Gheestan to the Laune. It was, even ,*)0 years ago, much used as a turbary for the town of Killiirney. Estimated cost of reclamation, £785 14s.

    COOLCR AHEEN, a parish, partlv' in the barony of Cranagh, but chiefly in that of riissadining, co. Kilkeimy, Leinster. Its old ruined church is situated about 3 miles east-north-east of Freshford, 2^ bouth-soutb-east of Bally ragget, and 5 south-west of Castle-Comer. The surface is bisected southward and unequally by the Nore; and consists, for the most part, of excellent land. The seats are Lismaine- Uouse and Foxrath-Castle. Length of the parish, houtb- west ward, 3A miles; extreme breadtn, 1^. Area of the Cranagh section, 743 acres, 3 roods, 26 perches ; of the Fassadining section, 1 ,764 acres. 2 roods, 19 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 668 ; in 1841. 652. Houses ia3. Pop. of the Fassadining. section, in 1841, 541. Houses 87 — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of Odoch [which bee], m the dio. of Ossory. Tithe composition, £200. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 45, and the Roman Catholics to 647 ; and a night-school — held three times a-week — had on its books 40 males and 5 females.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

23. Coolcraheen ruined church and seats

    Coolcraheen · parish · Kilkenny

    The parish of Coolcraheen contains an old ruined church situated about 3 miles east-north-east of Freshford. The principal seats in the parish are Lismaine House and Foxrath Castle. The surface is bisected by the Nore and consists mostly of excellent land.

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    COOLCR AHEEN, a parish, partlv' in the barony of Cranagh, but chiefly in that of riissadining, co. Kilkeimy, Leinster. Its old ruined church is situated about 3 miles east-north-east of Freshford, 2^ bouth-soutb-east of Bally ragget, and 5 south-west of Castle-Comer. The surface is bisected southward and unequally by the Nore; and consists, for the most part, of excellent land. The seats are Lismaine- Uouse and Foxrath-Castle. Length of the parish, houtb- west ward, 3A miles; extreme breadtn, 1^. Area of the Cranagh section, 743 acres, 3 roods, 26 perches ; of the Fassadining section, 1 ,764 acres. 2 roods, 19 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 668 ; in 1841. 652. Houses ia3. Pop. of the Fassadining. section, in 1841, 541. Houses 87 — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of Odoch [which bee], m the dio. of Ossory. Tithe composition, £200. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 45, and the Roman Catholics to 647 ; and a night-school — held three times a-week — had on its books 40 males and 5 females.

    COOLE, a barony in the south-east corner of co. Fermanagh, Ulster. It is bounded, on the north, by the barony of Magherastephana ; on the north-east, by the barony of Clonkelly ; on the cast, by the county of Monaghan ; on the south, by the county of Cavan ; and, on the west, by Upper Lough Erne, which divides it fom the barony of Knockninny. Its great est length, frum north to south, is 1 1 miles ; its greatest breadth is 10^ ; and its area is 21,017 acres, 1 rood, I perch, — of which 2,668 acres, 3 roods, 19 perches, are water. The east road from Cavan to Enniskillen, or that by way of Newtown-Butler, cuts it into very nearly equal parts. A considerable district in the rent re of the barony, and on both sides of this road, is bog ; a small district in the north around Doiiough

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

24. Coole Abbey mansion near Castlelyons

    Coole · townland · Cork

    Coole Abbey, situated a mile below Castle-Lyons, is an elegant mansion and the seat of Henry Hawkes Peard, Esq. The parish of Coole lies in the barony of Barrymore, about 8 miles south-east of Fermoy, on the southern declivities of the Nagles mountains.

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    COOLE, a parish, formerly in the barcmy of Ki^ naCalloon, but now in that of Barrymore, 8^ miles south-east of Fermoy, co. Cork, Munster. Length. 1^ mile; breadth, 1; area, 1,153 acres. Pop., is 1831, 338; in 1841,283. Houses 43. The surface consists principally of part of the southern dedirities of the Nagles mountams, vet is all profitable, and has a good soil. Coole Abbey, a mile below Castle^ Lyons, is an elefpint mansion, the seat of Heny Hdwkes Peard, Esq. — This parish is a rectory, a prebend, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cloyne. Tithe composition and gross income, £150; nett, £137 16s. 8d. Patron, the dioceamn. A licensed private house is used as the parochial pbet of worship, and has an attendance of 10. The Boman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 750 s and. in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Castle-Lyons. In 1894. the Protestants amounted to 23, and the Bomnn Cathslics to 333.

    COOLE, a village in the parish of Mayne. haramr of Demifore, co. Westineath, Leinster. It stanv on the road from Dublin to Granard, 9\ miles westnorth-west of Castle-Pollard. A little east of it is Turbotstown, the seat of Gerald Doise. Esq. ; and immediately west of it, on to a line beyond the ditchy Inny, is a dreary expanse of deep bow. Fsln are held on May 20 and Nov. 20. The piaoe is

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

25. Coolestown barony and Grand Canal

    Coolestown · barony · Offaly

    The barony of Coolestown on the eastern border of King's County is a flat, characterless landscape, over half of which is bog and waste. The Grand Canal passes across the interior, and the nascent Boyne creeps along the northern part of the eastern boundary.

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    COOLESTOWN, a barony on the eastern border of King's CO., Leinster. It is bounded', on the north, by the barony of Warrenstown ; on the east, by ca kildare ; and on the south and west, by the baronies of Philipstown. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 9^ miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, is 6j ; and its area is 47,882 acres, 1 rood, 17 perches. The nascent Boyne sluggishly creeps northward along the northern part of the eastern boundary ; and the Feagile, with its affluent the Feavoylagh, drains the southern district, but flows chiefly on the western border. The Grand Canal passes across the interior. The surface of the barony is flat, chararter*. less, and to a large extent repulsive. Upwards of one-half is bog and waste ; and the remainder is dis. tributed into al>out one-fourth of arable grounds, and three-fourths of pasture and meadow. Yet the koil of the parts not overgrown with bog naturally produces rich and luxuriant herbage, and needs only draining and gravelling to be rendered prime in Quality This barony contains part of the parish of

    Castle-Jordan, and the whole of the parishes of BiiUinakill, Monasteroris, and Clonsast. Edenderrj is the only town ; and Clonbulloge and Conabury the oidv noticeable villages. Pop., in 1831, (K038; in 1H41. 0,488. Houses 1,513. Families employed t'hit'tly in agriculture, 9H2; in manufiictures and tnidf. 4'ii); in other pursuits, 297. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1 .(124 ; who could read but not write, 888 ; who could noitlior read nor write, 1,620. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1. 04 1 ; w\io could read but not write, 1,242; who could neither read nor write, 1.924.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

26. Coole village fairs and Turbotstown seat

    Coole · townland · Westmeath

    The village of Coole in the parish of Mayne stands on the road from Dublin to Granard, about 9½ miles west-north-west of Castle-Pollard. A little east of it is Turbotstown, the seat of Gerald Dillon, Esq., and immediately west is a dreary expanse of deep bog. Fairs are held on May 20 and Nov. 20.

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    COOLE, a village in the parish of Mayne. haramr of Demifore, co. Westineath, Leinster. It stanv on the road from Dublin to Granard, 9\ miles westnorth-west of Castle-Pollard. A little east of it is Turbotstown, the seat of Gerald Doise. Esq. ; and immediately west of it, on to a line beyond the ditchy Inny, is a dreary expanse of deep bow. Fsln are held on May 20 and Nov. 20. The piaoe is

    constabulary station. Area of the village. 25 1 Pop., in 1831, 341 ; in 1841, 371. Houses 70.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

27. Coolmain Castle: MacCarthy Reagh stronghold taken by Bandonians

    Coolmain · townland · Cork · 1642

    An old castle on the east coast of Courtmacsherry bay originally belonged to MacCarthy Reagh. The Bandonians seized it in 1642, and it remained in English possession ever after. The adjoining mansion is the seat of E. Stowell, Esq.

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    COOL MAIN, an old castle and a mansion in the barony of Courceys, and on the east coast of Courtmacsherry bay, about 7^ miles south by east of Bandon, CO. Cork, Munstcr. The castle originally belonged to MacCartv Reagh, but was taken by the Bandonians in 1042, and was ever afterwards held in English possession. The mansion is the seat of £. SUwell, Esq.

    COOL MO RE, a demesne in the Imrony of Kinnalea and Kerricurrihy, co. Cork, Munster. It is situated about 4 miles south of Passage ; and occupies a chief part of the peninsula between Cork Harbour, and the north side of Carrigalinc bay or estuary. The mansion is a handsome edifice, overlooking Currigaline bay ; and is the seat of Wm. H. W. Newenham, E^q. The demesne comprises an area of upwards of 500 acres. The estate, when Arthur Young wrote his Tour in Ireland, was in the possession of Archdeacon Oliver, whom Mr. Young termed "the capital farmer of all this neighbourhood ;" and, after it passed into the possession of the Newenham family, it continued to be treated with the same agiicultural skill and georgical enterprise which brought it into fame during the days of the archdeacon.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

28. Coolmore demesne and Arthur Young's 'capital farmer'

    Coolmore · townland · Cork

    The Coolmore demesne on the peninsula between Cork Harbour and Carrigaline Bay comprises over 500 acres. When Arthur Young wrote his Tour in Ireland, the estate was held by Archdeacon Oliver, whom Young called the capital farmer of the neighbourhood; the Newenham family later continued its agricultural enterprise.

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    COOL MO RE, a demesne in the Imrony of Kinnalea and Kerricurrihy, co. Cork, Munster. It is situated about 4 miles south of Passage ; and occupies a chief part of the peninsula between Cork Harbour, and the north side of Carrigalinc bay or estuary. The mansion is a handsome edifice, overlooking Currigaline bay ; and is the seat of Wm. H. W. Newenham, E^q. The demesne comprises an area of upwards of 500 acres. The estate, when Arthur Young wrote his Tour in Ireland, was in the possession of Archdeacon Oliver, whom Mr. Young termed "the capital farmer of all this neighbourhood ;" and, after it passed into the possession of the Newenham family, it continued to be treated with the same agiicultural skill and georgical enterprise which brought it into fame during the days of the archdeacon.

    COOLMUNDRY, a parish in the barony of Middletbird, 2^ miles east of FcthHrd, co. Tipperary. Munster. Length, westward, 2} miles ; extreme breadth, 1^; area, 1,()88 acres, 1 rood, 17 perches, — of which 22 acres, 1 rood, 21 perches, lie detached. Pop., in 1831, 3vS0 ; in 1841, 350. Houses 44. The seats are Hannixtown and Orove-IIouse. —This parish is in the dio. of Ca^hcl, and is wholly impropriate. A neighbouring clergyman receives a stipend of XI2 or i^'l4 for performing the occa- ••ional duties ; and the Protestant parishioners attend the church j)f Fethard. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 6, and the Roman Catholics to 383.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

29. Coolock parish church built 1700, enlarged 1815 with First Fruits loan

    near Newtown and Coolock · street · Dublin · 1700–1815

    The parish church of Coolock was erected principally through the influence of the Right Hon. John Beresford with government, built in 1700 and ornamented with a timber-and-slate spire. It was enlarged in 1815 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    in 1700, and ornamented with a neat npire, contitrurted of timber and slates; and it was enlarged in 1815. hy means of a loan of £461 10^. 9|d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Area of the village, 5 acre*. Pop., in 1831, 190; in 1841, 260. Houm.>s 'iS. — This parish is a vicirage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Dublin. Yet though called a vicarage, all its tithes are paid to the incumbent. Tithe composition, £243 lOs. 6d. ; glebe. £35. r.rosH income, £286 17». 3d. ; nett, £229 16s. 3d. Patron, the Marquis of Drogheda Sittings in the church 200; attendance, 100 in winter, 200 in summt>r. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 500 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Clontarf, Santry, and (Monturk. In 1834, the parishioners con-iinted of 208 Churchmen, 8 Presbyterians, and 008 Roman Catholic^* ; and 3 daily schools— one of which was wholly supported by Arthur Guiness, Esq.. and two were parochial schools for respectively hoy< and girN, and were supported by private subscriptions and a public collection — bad on their book;* 31 l>oys and 47 girls.

    COOLRAINE, a village in the parish of Offerlane, barony of Upperwoods, Queens co., Leinster. It stands 3^ miles wesi-Fouth-west of Mountrath, near the east edge of a large expanse of bog, and a little above the confluence of the three head-streams of the Nore, — the Dolour, the Tonnet, and the Nore proper. Area. 13 acres. Pop., in 1831, 324; in 1841, \9l Houses 38

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

30. Coolock parish property held by Talbot of Malahide Castle, then Domville

    near Newtown and Coolock · street · Dublin

    The property of Coolock parish was long hereditary in the Talbot family of Malahide Castle before passing chiefly into the possession of the Domville baronet family. The road from Dublin to Malahide passes through the interior of the parish.

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    The property of the parish was long hereditair ia the family of Talbot, of Malahide castle ; but ansrwards it passed chiefly into the possession of the baronet family of Domville. The road from Onblfai lo Malahide passes through the interior ; and on this raid stands the village of Coolock, — remarkable only m the site of the parish-church uid the Roman IVtht lie chapel. The church was erected prindpallyiB consequence of the late Right Hon. John Dues ford's influence with govcnunent; it wi

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

31. Coolraine village at confluence of Nore head-streams

    Coolrain · townland · Laois

    Coolraine stands three and a half miles west-south-west of Mountrath in Queen's County, near the east edge of a large bog and just above the confluence of the three head-streams of the Nore—the Dolour, the Tonnet, and the Nore proper. Its population in 1841 was 191.

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    COOLRAINE, a village in the parish of Offerlane, barony of Upperwoods, Queens co., Leinster. It stands 3^ miles wesi-Fouth-west of Mountrath, near the east edge of a large expanse of bog, and a little above the confluence of the three head-streams of the Nore, — the Dolour, the Tonnet, and the Nore proper. Area. 13 acres. Pop., in 1831, 324; in 1841, \9l Houses 38

    COOLSTrFF. a parish in the barony of West Shelmalier, 3 miles east by north of Taghmon, co. Wexford, Leinster. Length, south by westward, 3| miles; extreme breadth, If mile; area, 3,347 acres, 2 perche**. Pop., in 1831, 577; in 1841, 636. Houses 9.'i. The surface includes part of the northern skirts of the Forth mountains, yet consists, for the mo<t part, of good land. The highest ground in near the centre, and has an altitude above sealevel of 4-28 feet. The road from Wexford to 'I'ughmon passes westward through the interior.— This parish is a rectory, a prebend, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composition, £200; glebe, £7 Os. lOjd. Gross income, £207 Os. lO^d.; nett, £176 14s. SJd. Patron, the diocesan. There is neither church nor chapel. The rector is curate of Taghmon, and officiates there. In IKM, the parishioners consisted of 65 Churchmen, 0 Protestant di<isenters, and 514 Roman Catholics; and 3 daily schools_one of which was aided with £2 a- year and a free schoolhouse from the Hon. Mrs. lloare, and one with £5 from the rector, and £7 from the Society for Discountenancing Vice — had on their b(K)ks 47 boys and 3.1 girls. In 1840, a National fcch(M)l ha<l on its books 43 boys and SO girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

32. Coolstuff parish on northern skirts of Forth Mountains

    Coolstuff · townland · Wexford

    Coolstuff parish in the barony of West Shelmalier, County Wexford, includes part of the northern skirts of the Forth mountains. The highest ground near the centre has an altitude of 428 feet above sea level. The road from Wexford to Taghmon passes westward through the interior.

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    COOLSTrFF. a parish in the barony of West Shelmalier, 3 miles east by north of Taghmon, co. Wexford, Leinster. Length, south by westward, 3| miles; extreme breadth, If mile; area, 3,347 acres, 2 perche**. Pop., in 1831, 577; in 1841, 636. Houses 9.'i. The surface includes part of the northern skirts of the Forth mountains, yet consists, for the mo<t part, of good land. The highest ground in near the centre, and has an altitude above sealevel of 4-28 feet. The road from Wexford to 'I'ughmon passes westward through the interior.— This parish is a rectory, a prebend, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composition, £200; glebe, £7 Os. lOjd. Gross income, £207 Os. lO^d.; nett, £176 14s. SJd. Patron, the diocesan. There is neither church nor chapel. The rector is curate of Taghmon, and officiates there. In IKM, the parishioners consisted of 65 Churchmen, 0 Protestant di<isenters, and 514 Roman Catholics; and 3 daily schools_one of which was aided with £2 a- year and a free schoolhouse from the Hon. Mrs. lloare, and one with £5 from the rector, and £7 from the Society for Discountenancing Vice — had on their b(K)ks 47 boys and 3.1 girls. In 1840, a National fcch(M)l ha<l on its books 43 boys and SO girls.

    I'OOMHOOLA. See Cooleagh

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

33. Cootehall estate clearance under Hugh Barton

    Cootehall · townland · Roscommon

    The Cootehall estate in County Roscommon, extending over 7,000 acres from Upper Lough Oakport to Battle-Bridge on the Shannon, was purchased by Hugh Barton for £66,000. Barton found the tenantry reputed for lawlessness and insubordination, and with the aid of the military effected a clearance, enlarging farms and reducing the resident population.

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    COOTEHALL, a village in the barony of Boyle, CO. Roscommon, Connaught. It stands on the Boyle river, and on the road from Boyle to Battle- Bridge and I«eitriro, 3| miles south by west of Battle-Bridge, and 5 north by east of Boyle. It commences nearly at the north end of an old straight bridge of 7 or 8 small arches, and consists of a collection of wretched cabins, straggling partly along the roads and partly up the hills. Its dispensary is within the Boyle Poor-law union, and has a district of 22,654 acres, with a pop. of 8,930; and. in 1840- 41, it expended £65 19s., and made 4,704 dispensations of medicine to 1,568 patients The circumjacent estate of Cootehall extends from the east side of Upper Lough Oak port to Battle- Bridge on the Shannon, and northward along the river to the extreme confines of the parish of Tumna; and it comprises upwards of 7.000 acres, and was purcha«^ed, a i*onsiderable number ofyears ago, by its present proprietor, Hugh Barton, E^iq., for £66.000. Mr. Barton found it, by repute at least, in the possession chiefly of a tenantry remarkable for their lawlessness and insubordination ; and with the aid of the military, and at the expense of pro<lucing afllicting scenes, be effected what is popularly termed * a clearance;' and when instituting new arrangements, he greatlv enlarged the farms, and correspondingly reduced the amount of resident population. The south-western division of the estate lying adjarent to the village, and comprising some hundreds of acres, continued to l>e held by lease against Mr. Barton ; and, after he had improved the other divisions, this reoMined in its original condition, and exhibited very striking features of contrast to the * dewed' and re-amnged diviaioot. The old mansioa of Cooteliall croww a

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

34. Cootehall old mansion: fortified quadrangular ruin

    Cootehall · townland · Roscommon

    The old mansion of Cootehall crowns a slowly ascending hill near the village and is now partly a farmhouse and partly a ruin. It originally consisted of a large quadrangular enclosure bounded by lofty walls and fortified with military towers at the angles.

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    slowly tscendfng ball in the vicinity of the village ; and is now partly a farm-bouse, and partly an un« interefiting ruin. It appears to have originallv consisted of a large quadrangular enclosure, bounded by loftv walls, and fortified with military towers at the angles.

    COOTEHILL (The), a rivulet of the counties of Monaghan and Cavan, Ulster. It rises in numerous headwaters in co. Monaghan, and there both drains and forms a great profusion of lakes, — some of oonsiderable size, and a few of comparative beauty; and on the borders of the two counties it forms or traversies the chain of exquisitely ornamental and highly embellished lakes which lie between Dawxon Grove and Bellamont Forest. See Dawson Grove and Bella MONT. One of the most remote head-streams issues from a lake 3| miles south-south-west of Monaghan ; another, which soon joins the former, issues fropfi a lake 4 miles south-south-east of Monaghan; and a third, which falls into the united stream of the other two 4 miles south-west of Bally boy, ri^es in the south-went corner of county Monaghan, only d| miles north of the river's embouchure. The stream, measured from Its remotest source, has a run of 19 or 20 miles ; and it falls into the Annalee 3^ miles west of Cootehill.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

35. Cootehill fever hospital and dispensary

    Cootehill · town · Cavan · 1839–1840

    The fever hospital at Cootehill consists of a single room and is entirely inadequate for the union's needs. In 1839-40, the Cootehill dispensary served a district of over 36,000 acres and a population of 21,550, administering to 3,604 patients.

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    Aghabog 5,496, and Dram 3,394; and Hume wiOk CO. Cavan are CooteliUl 7,335, AahfteM «,587, TaL lyvin 3,033, Drumgoon 4,269, Urmng S/OSi, Batk kenny 4,270, Lerah 3,171, and Kn«ckbride WIft The number of ex-offlcio guardiaoa is &, and «f elected guardians 18; and two of the latter an chosen by each of the division! of Conneen, Dawaoa Grove, Aghabog, Cootehill^ Aabfield, and Knockbride, and one by each of the other dirkuma. The total number of £10 electors traced in the nte-haok is 330; and of these 38 are rated under £10^-41 under £9,-14 under £6,-9 under £7,^S under £6, and 2 under £5. The total nett annual vabi of the property rated is £82,846, the total nnfflbv of persons rated is 8y608 ; and of theae, 275 ne rated for a valuation not exceeding^ XI, J560I, Bit exceeding £2, — 535, not exceeding X3,— 71S, net exceeding £4,— and 895, not exceedin|r £5. Tlw workhouse was contracted for on Sept. 1, and was to be completed in Blarcfa IB42 ; the i of contract was £7,360 ; the sum to be was £8,900 ; the extent of intended tion was for 800 persons ; and the aite has an aica of 6 acres, 2 perches, and was purchased Car £811 6s. 3d., besides £100 of compensation to oecapying tenant. The date of the first ndnussioB of paupers was Dec. 2, 1842; the total espeaditan thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £1,000 Se. 9d.; aad the total previous expenditure was £501 8a. 6d. A fever hospital at Cootehill consists of only one rem in a small house, and is altogether ineompeteot far the wants of the union, or even of a nHNlmte district around the town ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £93 Ids. 6^d., and admitted 138 patienta. The dis. pensary districts are 3 in number, and have their seats at Cootehill, Drum, and Rockcorrjr ; bat tbsy serve for only about two-thirds of the union. The Cootehill dispensarv has a district of 36,107 aere^ with a pop. of 21,550; and, in 1839-40, it expended £141 9s. 6d., and administered to 3,604 The Loan Fund of Cootehill, in 1841, had < of £2,168; and during that year, it £9,241 in 2,744 loans, cleared a nett profit of £» 15«. 4d., and expended on charitable purpoaes £44 8s. 8d. ; and from the date of its institution, it dmlated £49,271 in 14,750 loans, cleared s nett prafit of £418 7*. 4d., and expended on ebaritable parposes £340 8s. 8d, — Area of the town, 107 acres. Pop., in 1831. 2,239 ; in 1841, 2,425. Houses 415. Families employed chiefly in agrictiltiue, 85; ia manufactures and trade, 287 ; in other pursuits, 71 Families dependent chiefly on property end prafessions, 19 ; on the directing of labour, S94s on tMr own manual labour, 109; on means not specified, Vb COPELAND ISLANDS, a cluster of islaa m the parish of Bangor and barony of Ardea^ and off the bouth side of the entrance of Belfiut Loogh, eoi Down, Ulster. They are now the property of Mr. Kerr of Portavo ; but they have their name iroai a family who settled in Ardes, in the 12th eentnry,ia the time of John De Courcey, and who iveie mm

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

36. Cootehill town: markets, mansions and linen trade

    Cootehill · town · Cavan · 1836–1839

    Cootehill is a post and market town in the parish of Drumgoon, County Cavan, comparatively well-built and containing churches of several denominations, schools, and an inn. The surrounding country within a three-mile radius contains numerous mansions including Bellamont Forest, Dawson Grove, and Fairfield, and the banks of the Cootehill river furnish rich close landscapes.

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    COOTEIIILL, a post and market town, in the parihh of Drumgoon, barony of Tullaghgarvey, co. Cavan, Ulster. It stands on the Cootehill river, and on the road from Dublin to Clones, 7} miles northnorth-west of Siiircock, 8 south-west by south of Ballvboy, 8} south by east of Clones, and 51 northnorth-west of Dublin. The country around it, including part of county Monaghan, is very beautiful ; and within a radius of about 3 miles, contains, among other mansions, those of Bellamont Forest, Dawson Grove, Fairfield, Lisnalong, Dromore, Freanie Mount, Annsfort, Minore, Bellgreen, Newgrove, Mountain Lodge, Keighan, Annalee, Tullvvin, Rath* kenny, Ashfield, and RctreaA. Mayo hill, the highest summit of the district, and situated in the direction of Shircock, commands a good view; and the banks of th£ Cootehill river, for several miles above the town« fjurnish a constant series of verv rich close landscapes, — chiefly of the class which may be designated languif^mglv beautiful. The town is comparatively welUbuilt and respectably inhabited ; and is not equalled in appearance by any place between it and Dublin except Navan. It contains a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, two Presbyterian meeting-houses, Methodist, Moravian, and Quaker chapels, several schools, and an inn, and posting establishment. The weekly markets are welUattended ; monthly markets are held for cattle, flax, yarn, &c. ; and fairs are held on March 12, June 9, Sept. 12, and Deie. B. Brewing and distilling make a prominent figure, as they do in most Irish towns where any pobsible means can be commanded for maintaining them ; the linen market is one of the briskest among the second-rate towns of Ireland ; linen-weaving employs a considerable proportion of the inhabitants ; and the sheetings brought hither for sale are said to be preferred to those of the other northern markets. A branch of the Provincial Bank was established in 1836, and a branch of the Ulster Bank in 1837. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a car to Lavastrand, and a coach in transit between Clones and Dublin. — The Cootehill Poor-law union ranks as the 62d ; and was declared on Aug. 10, 1839. It lies partly in co. Cavan, and partly in co. Monaghan ; and comprises an area of 164 square miles, or 104.988 acres, with a pop., in 1831, of 63,391. The electoral divisions within CO. Monaghan, together with their respective pop., in 1831 p are Cormeen 6,654, Dawson Grove 7,511, j

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

37. Copper mines of Bantry barony, Cork

    Bantry · town · Cork

    Copper mines of great value are worked in the barony of Bantry, Cork, and several years prior employed upwards of 500 persons merely in breaking the ore. Limestone occasionally crops out, and a calcareous schist yielding brown lime occurs on the north side of Bantry Bay.

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    BANTRY, a barony on the coast and in the southwest corner of co. Cork, Munster. It is usually treated as forming one barony jointly with Bere ; itcontaini no entire parish, and part of only the two parishes of Durras and Kilmacomogue ; it is deeply intersected by Bantry bay, and much broken in coast-line by minor marine indentations ; it is irregular in form, •and boldly Highland in contour ; and, for these reasons unitedly, it cannot be very distinctly described. Its scenery is alternately wild, romantic, sublime, and brilliantly picturesque ; but will be more suitably noticed in connection with Bantry bay, and in some other articles. Copper mines of great value are worked, and, several years age, employed upwards of 500 persons in the department simply of breaking the ore. Limestone occasionally crops out from the soil ; and a calcareous schist, which yielda a brown lime, occurs on the north sideof Bantry bay. Though the situation is remote and sequestered, and much of the ground is stubborn, and all but quite impracticable, rents are high. Oats, barley, and flax are cultivated ; and black cattle and hardy mountain ponies are reared. Bogs are extensive, but improveable; and both they and other grounds are ameliorated 'by coralline found on Bantry ba^ shore. But — to adopt the words and borrow the information of a writer in the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture— ** If the coralline of Bantry bay, raised with expense and labour, be an invaluable fertilizer to the adjacent farms of Bere and Bantry, the sand from most parts of the coast, which is more or less calcareous, is also a valuable boon of Providence. Some of this contains 60 per cent of carbonate of lime, and is the principal manure. Land bears a high value throughoutthis region ; and is let in the wilder parts, not in the usual way by the acre, but by what IS termed the gneeve^ which is the twelfth part of a townland, and therefore of very undefined acreage ; and is held by leases of three lives, one life, or 31 years, whichever lasts longer, or 21 yeara and a life. The last is becoming a favourite limit with landlords, and sufficiently permanent for the tenant. * * Any pereon, viewing the extent of tillage here, the clumsy ill-constructed tools with which it is cooducted, and considering the disadvantages under which the cultivators labour— too poor and thrifty to consume even a portion of the corn whi^h they raise, and often with very scanty clothing as well at insufficient food — must appreciate the industry of these poor people who labour prindpally for their

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

38. Copper mines opened at Hollyford and Ballysinode

    Cappagh White · village · Tipperary · 1836

    After December 1836 the Mining Company of Ireland opened two copper mines near Cappawhite in Tipperary, one at Hollyford and one at Ballysinode, each employing about 20 workers plus many more in carriage. The ore was to be shipped via Clonmel to Pilltown or Waterford and onward to Swansea.

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    Tipperary, Munster. It stands on the western border of the county, about 7 miles north of the town of Tipperary. Fairs are held on June 4, July 27, Sept. 29, Nov. 16, and Dec. 21. Two copper mines were opened in the vicinity, after December, 1836, by the Mining Company of Ireland ; the one at Hollyford and the other at Ball^sinode,—- each employing 20 persons on its immediate works, besides many scores in effecting carriage. When the mines were opened, the ore was proposed to be shipped at Clonmel in boats, for conveyance to Pilltown or Waterford, there to be shipped for Swansea ; and supplies to be received from either Limerick, Waterford, or Dublin. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831. 6d5; in 1841, 1,046. Houses 166. Families employed chiefij^ in agriculture, 89 ; in manufactures and trade, 79 ; in other pursuits, 32. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 9 ; on the directing of labour, 78; on their own manual labour, 99 ; on means not specified, 14. The village gives name to a parish in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement. See Castletown.

    CAPPAMORE, or Tough, a village in the parish of Tough, barony of Owneybeg, co. Limerick, Munster. It stands on the road from Pallas-Green to Newport-Tip, 2^ miles north of the transit of the projected railway between Dublin and the Lower Shannon, 4 miles north by east of Pallas-Green, and 10 east-south-east of Limerick. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Cashel and Emly. See Tough. Area of the village, 28 acres. Pop., in 1831, 711 ; in 1841, 551. Houses 101.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

39. Copper mining attempt in the Burren

    Doolin · townland · Clare

    Copper pyrites were found at Doolen and other localities in the barony of Burren. An attempt was made at one time to work a copper mine in the barony.

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    fluor spar, similar to that worked into ornaments in Derbyshire, and occasionally producing cubic cr3rstak, occurs at Doolen in the barony of Burren ; but it has been turned to little practical account, and aeenw not to have been explored or very well examined. — ^Copper pyrites occur at Doolen and other localitiea in Barren ; and an attempt was, at one time, made in that barony to work a copper mine. — Lead ore, in some instances apparently rich and abundant, occurs oa the Colpoys estate near Tulla, on the lands of Class, in various parts of the estate of Lemenagfa, and in

    Glendree near Feacle Iron ore, variously in the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

40. Copper ore mining at Brownstown, Meath

    Brownstown · street · Meath

    In the parish of Brownstown, co. Meath, appearances of copper ore were so decided that the proprietor Sir M. Somerville leased a district to the Mining Company. The parish interior is traversed by the road from Dublin to Slane.

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    BRO WNSTO WN, a parish 5 miles south by west of Slane, and formerly in the barony of Upper Duleek, but now in that of Skreen, co. Meath, Leinster. Area, l,199acres. Pop., in 1831, 487 ; in 1841,421. Houses 61. The interior is traversed by the road from Dublin to Slane. Appearances of copper ore are so decided, that Sir M. Somerville, the proprietor, leased a district to the Mining Company

    This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Meath ; and is wholly impropriate in Sir M. Somerville. There is neither church nor chapel ; and the Protestants attend the church of Kentstown. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 49, and the Roman Catholics to 413 ; and 2 hedge-schools had on their books 34 uoys and 24 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

41. Corcomohide parish church in disrepair

    Corcomohide · parish · Limerick

    The church of the ecclesiastical parish of Corcomohide, in the diocese of Limerick, is described as a very old building in a state of disrepair and dilapidation, with seating for 40 but attendance of only about 10. The parish comprises the districts of Kilmeedy, Castletown, and Drumcollogher.

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    It lies 9 miles south of Ratbkemle; and it* Limmck section contains the village of Balltaqrak: wbick see. Area of the Cork section, 440 Bcres; of tke Limerick section, 9,573 acres. The Census of 1831 takes no notice of the Cork section, and includes the Limerick section within the parish of Castutown: which see. Pop., in 1841, of the Cork section, 139; of the Limerick section, 5.804; of the rural districts of the Limerick section, 5,671. Houses in these respectively, 22,956, and 986. The surface is hilly and tumulated, and Ues comparativelj hi^ yet consists of fertile and even rich land, with anutermizture of valuable bog. The drainage is maiolj effected by head-streams of the Deel and the Blajg. —The ecclesiastical parish of Corcomohide comprises the three districts of Kilxebdt, Castletowv, aad Drumcolloheb [see these articles] ; and is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Limerick. Length, 9 miles ; breadth, 6 ; area, 23,276 acres. Pop., in 1881, 10,742. Vicarial tithe compositioD and gross income, £330; nett, £275 6s. Patroa, the vicars choral of Limerick cathedral. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £570, and are impropriate in the representatives of the late Countess of Ormonde. The church is a yery old bnilding, and in a state of disrepair and even dilapidation. Sittincrs 40; attendance, about 10. Two Roman Catholic chapels in Castletown and Kihneedy, hare each an attendance of from 1,100 to 1,200 ; and, is the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. The Roman Catholic chapel in DmmcoUoher has an attendance of 1,200 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, u united to the chapel of Killaliathan. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 91, and the Roman CaUiolics to 11,102; and 14 daily schools had on their books 5S2 bon and 289 girls. One of the schools was salaried with £10 from Mr. Stevelty, and gratuitously educated 14 children ; and another was salaried with £10 lOi. from Colonel White, and gratuitously educated 10 children.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

42. Corkbeg castle ruins and Condon tomb

    Corkbeg · townland · Cork · 1558–1700

    Near Corkbeg are the ruins of an old castle said to have belonged to one of the Condons, with an old tomb in the decayed church of Corkbeg. On the east side of the harbour are remains of a large fortification erected toward the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, later suffered to go to ruin.

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    family. " Near Corkbej?,'* nays Dr. Smith, " are the ruins of an old castle, said to have belonged to one of thu Condons, for whom there is an old tomb in the docayed church of Corkbeg. * * On the east side of the harbour are the remains of a large regular fortificMtion, with platforms below, for gun batteries, level with the water. This work was erected toward the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, but sutTered to go to ruin. Near this is a lesser fortification, which, in the reign of the late King James, was made use of to annoy the landing of the Earl of Marlborough : tiiis battery was soon taken by the seamen." On Roche's Point, immediately west of the seat of Trabolcan, are Roche's Tower and a lighthouse. The light in the latter is steady, of a deep red colour towards the sea, and bright towards the harbour ; it is exhibited from sunset till sunrise ; and it bears from Cork Head south-west by west about 4 miles. — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Cloyne ; and, previous to the passing of the Church Temporalities Act, was united to Ahadda, but is now a separate luMiefice. Tithe composition, £309; glebe, £2\. Gross income, £390 ; nctt, £368 lOs. Patron, the Crown. A licensed house is used as the parochial place of worship. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 143, and the Roman Catholics to 2,175; and 5 daily schools had on their books 9G boys and 83 girls. Two of the schools, respectively for females and for infants, were supported by Mrs. G. Fitzgerald ; and a third was salaried with £d from the National Board, and £10 from a bequest by the late John Roche.

    CORKER (The), a rivulet of the barony of Bannngh, CO. Donegal, Ulster. It is a mere mountaintorrent, has a southerly course, and falls into the bay of Bruckless, on the north side of Donegal bay.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

43. Cork bishopric united with Cloyne and Ross

    Cork · city · Cork · 1430–1846

    The see of Cork, traditionally founded by St. Barr, was united to Cloyne in 1430, and subsequently held in various combinations with Ross. Under the Church Reform Bill, Cork, Cloyne, and Ross were permanently united. The list of alleged early bishops before the Anglo-Norman Conquest is regarded as doubtful.

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    fft the rredulou* version of popular story, emerged from tlie wild mountain tiolitudes of Gou^ane Harra, Hiul founded his cathedral on the site of a heathen temple. Thouj^h no authentic account whatever exi>t!» of his alleged Ruccessor*, till the era of the Anglo-Norman Conquest, a pretended list of them u preserved, and exhihits such names as might almost produce locked-jaw in any but a Milesian. Even from 1 17'i till 1266, the list of alleged bishops is rather doubtful. From 1266 till 1430, the num. her of bishops was 13. In 1430, the see became united to that of Cloyne; and from that date till l.X^, the number of bishops who held the united diore«ie was 10. Three bishops, who were appointed in respectively 15H3. 1618, and 1620, now held Ross ill union with Cork and Cloyne; one bishop, ap. pointed in \(^\S, held Cork and Ross; two bishops, appointed in respectively 1660 and 1603, held Cork, Cloyne. and Ross; 12 or 13 bishops held from 1678, till a few years ago. Cork and Ross; and now, in terms of the (Church Reform Bill, Cork, Cloyne, and Rcxs, are permanently united. See Clotke.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

44. Cork Cathedral built 1725–1735 with coal tax

    Cork · city · Cork · 1725–1735

    Cork Cathedral was built between 1725 and 1735 by means of a parliamentary tax of one shilling per ton on coal and culm consumed in the city. It incorporates the tower and some remains of its predecessor, but is described as a plain, tasteless pile.

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    Ecclesiastlc'il liuiUlimis.'] — The cathedral of Cork crowns a slight rising ground ; and, excepting the tower of the steeple, and a few other remains of its predecessor which were incorporated with it, was

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

45. Cork City and County Court-house completed 1830

    Cork · city · Cork · 1830

    The City and County Court-house at the western verge of the insular division of Cork was designed by the Messrs. Pain and completed in 1830 at a cost of £22,000. It exhibited a Corinthian octostyle portico with a pediment surmounted by colossal figures representing Justice between Law and Mercy. In the Grand Jury-room was a wooden statue originally representing James II which was beheaded after the Revolution and made to represent William III.

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    The City and County Court-house, situated at the western verge of the insular division of the town, is by far the most ornamental and imposing of Cork's public buildings. It was erected from designs by the Messrs. Pain, and was completed in \SSo, at the expense of £22,000. It exhibits a magnificent Corinthian octo«fyle portico, with two

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

46. Cork Custom-house on the eastern point of the island

    Cork · city · Cork · 1724–1826

    The Custom-house was situated on the eastern point of the island between the two channels of the river, built about 20 years before publication. It showed a rustic base and pediment with royal arms but had a heavy appearance. The former Custom-house, built in 1724, became the property of the Cork Institution.

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    I'be Mansion-house at the weHt verge of the central division of the town, near the rommenctiment of the Mardvke, was erected in 1767, and m a plain substantial structure. Two spacious rooms in this building contain, the one a white marble statue of the celebrated Earl of Chatham, and the other a plaster statue of William III. Prince William Henry, afterwards William IV., was entertained in the Mansion-house in I7d5, by the mayor and the corporation. — The Exchange, situated l>etween the line of the Main streets and the north end of the Grand Parade, was built in 1708-10 by an Italian architect ; its lower or open part is of the Doric order ; its upper story is ornamented with Ionic I columns and pilasters ; but the pile is squeezed on both $ide?i, and partly behind, by a dense pressure of ! ordinary buildings, and long ago it was justly pro- ' nouiiced unworthy of the city. — The Commercial Buildings — popularly called 'the Commercials' — have superseded the exchange; and are situated in the South Mall ; they belong to a numerous body of proprietors, who are incorporated by royal charter under the designation of * the Commercial Buildings Company of Cork ;* they occupy a site for which the high annual rent of XG50 is pnid; they were erected in 181 1 from a design by Sir Thomas Deane ; they are commodious, and judiciously adapted to their intended purposes; and they cont^iin a hotel and tavern and a splendid news-room, — the latter 75 feet in length, and nearly 40 feet in width. — The county Club- House, also situated in the South Mall, was erected from a design by the Messrs. Pain. — The Chamber of Commerce, situated in Patrick-street, and said to be a prosperous institution, is a plain structure, variously disponed in shops, a hotel, and a spacious reading-room — The Imperial or Clarence Hotel, entered from Pembroke-street, near the South Mall, is a splendid establishment, and has been called, perhaps somewhat hyperbolically, *the Clarendon of Ireland.'— The Daly's and Tuckeyfttreet Club-houses are in the Urand Parade. — The Custom house is situated on the eastern point of the island, and extends across that point between the two channels of the river ; it was built about 20 years ago, and shows a rustic base, surmounted by a pediment of cut stone, containing the royal arms ; but it has a heavy appearance, and can scarcely be deemed of an ornamental character. — The St. George Steam-packet Company's Office, adjoining the Custom-house, greatly excels it in effect, and exhibits a tetrastyle Grecian portico, surmounted by

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

47. Cork Harbour's brilliant lake-like beauty

    near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork

    Cork Harbour is described as completely landlocked with exquisitely picturesque shores, resembling a lake of brilliant beauty. It has the capacity to accommodate the largest fleet of the largest vessels, with anchorage available close to the shore.

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    tions of very different character ; the eastern, from Youghal Harbour to Cork Harbour, sloping slowly down into 6ne strands ; the central, from Cork Harbour to Baltimore Harbour, terminating in bluff faces, hillocks, hills, and steep slopes, often green or wooded, and very extensively variegated with almost every kind of intersection, from the flat sandy beach to the bold rocky cliff; and the western, from Baltimore Harbour to the Kenmare estuary, presenting frequent fiicei of grand, sublime, or savage mountain, and seldom intersected to a greater extent with lowland beach than to impart pictures^ueness and beauty to a prevailing sea-barrier of imposmg highlands. Yet the immediate coast scarcely partakes of the distinctive character of these divisions of sea-board ; but occasionally presents long breastworks of rock in front of tbe low grounds, and breaks down into snug coves and pleasant beaches at the skirts of the overhanging mountains. Youghal Harbour has a tolerable anchorage without the bar, in 6 fathoms of water ; a smidl ba^, 4 miles to the south, has good anchorage and fishmg-ground, in from 5 to 12 ^thorns, within Ring Point; the extensive sweep of Ballyootton bay, and the western half of the coast of Imokilly, are gently indented with curving creeks, and have for Uie most part a line of pleasant strand; Cork Harbour is so completely landlocked, and is environed with such exquisitely picturesque shores, as to seem a lake of the most brilliant beauty, and it could accommodate the largest fleet of the Urgest vessels, and has an anchorage in 7 fathoms of water within a cable's length of the shore ; the coast, thence to Kinsale Harbour, is jagged with various creeks, the longest of which is Oyster Harbour, but it is for the most part rockv and dangerous. Kinsale Harbour has 90 feet ot water on the bar, and interior andiorage in 7 fathoms ; the two small bavs which indent the opposite sides of the peninsula ot the Old Head of Kinsale, have good anchorage in very various depth of water ; Courtmacsherry bay is unsheltered in all its great exterior sweep, and has but small depth of water over its bar ; Cloghnakilty Harbour has onlv two fathoms of water over its liar at full sea, and conidderably endangers any vessels which it embays ; Ross bay is little more than an open roail, fully exposed to tne south-west ; Glandore Harbour has a landlocked anchorage, and a depth of from 14 to SO feet in its channel ; Castlehaven Harbour has safe anchorage in 14 feet of water, but is of limited capacity; Barlogh bay, though ramified into a few small creeks, u nearly all unsheltered from the south, or across its entrance inward ; a great compound bay, bounded on the east by Cape Clear Inland, and on the west bv the promontory of Mi sen Head, is so thickly studded with islands as to be quite an archipelago, and so multitudinously ramified bv islands and peninsulc into innumerable straits ana sounds, and iMiys and creeks, as to be almost a labvrinth of land and water, yet its subdivisions of Baltimore Harbour, Innisherkin Harbour, Roaring- Water bay. Scull Harbour, and Crookhaven, all pu44«»ii varioii4 degrees of safe accommodation for merchant vei»seU ; Dunmanus bay, though 10 miles long, without a bar, and everywhere from 10 to 3i} fathoms deep, is so near the superior bay of liantry, as to be almost wholly neglected ; and Bantry bay at once presents magnificence of scenery which might captivate a savage, offers an extent of safe harbourage which might accommodate all the shipping of Europe, and contains among other subordinate harbours, the landlocked and otherwise peculiarly 6ne one of Berebavvn.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

48. Cork workhouse opened in 1840

    Cork · city · Cork · 1840

    The Cork Poor-law union workhouse was opened for the reception of paupers on 15 February 1840. It cost £12,800 for building and completion and £3,000 for fittings and contingencies, occupying 12 acres purchased for £1,000, with accommodation for 2,000 persons.

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    Poor-law Union.'] — The Cork Poor-law union ranks as the 29th, and was declared on April 3, 1839. It lies all in the liberties and county of Cork, and comprises an area of 142,688 acres, with a population, in 1830, of 158,339. Its electoral divisions, together with their respective population, in 1831, are, — the t'ity of Cork, 95,363; Inniskenny, 6,179; Carrigaline, 7,161; Monkstown, 3,906; Ballincallig, 3,398; <:^ve, 11,089; Blarnev, 2,516; Inniscarra, 3,432; Grenagh, 5,043; Whftechurch, 2,856; Caniavar, 4.634; Rathcoony, 4,019; Kilquane, 3,366; and Gliinmire, 5,377. The number of elected guardians id 40, and of ex-officio guardians, 13 ; and of the former, 20 are elected by the division of the city of ("ork, 3 by the division of Cove, 2 by each of the divisions of Inniskenny, Carrigaline, Monkstown, Grenagh, and Glanmire, and I by each of the other divisions. The tots*" number of tenements valued in the union is 26,286; and of these, 13,949 were valued under £5,-1,084 under £6,-979 under £7, -^10 under £8,-943 under £9,-388 under £10, —1,000 under £12,-796 under £14,-296 under £15,-397 under £16,-441 under £18,— 446 under £20,-937 under £25,-675 under £30,-909 under £40,-648 under £50,— and 1,888 at and upwards of £50. In the city of Cork division, 6,478 tenements were valued under £5, — 693 under £6, — 670 under £7,-310 under £8,-760 under £9,-251 under £10,-686 under £12,-560 under £14,-224 under £15,-266 under £16,-313 under £18,— 292 under £20,-616 under £25,-419 under £30,-539 under £40,-390 under £50,— and 1,001 at and upwards of £50. The total nett annual value of the property rated is £168,182 8s.; the total number of persons rated is 8,230; and of these, 1,553 are rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, — 1,423 not exceeding £2, — 662 not exceeding £3, — 487 not exceeding £4, — and 366 not exceeding £5. The workhouse was opened for the reception of paupers on 15 Feb., 1840; and it cost £12,800 for building and completion, and £3,000 for fittings and contingencies,— it occupies an area of 12 acres, purchased for £1,000, besides £84 of compensation to occupying tenant, and subject to an aimual rent of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

49. Corrib Hotel and Corribdale near Oughterard

    Oughterard · town · Galway

    The Corrib Hotel was built by Mr. Nimmo while he was constructing the roads of Connemara. Corribdale, the seat of R. Martin, Esq., was located in the vicinity of Oughterard. Both took their names from Lough Corrib.

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    to examine them all would reouire 6ne weather and considerable time." ** Lough Corrib,*' says Mr. Otway, who descril>es it as seen from high ground near its head, " is flat and uninteresting, no doubt, in some places, — as indeed almost all Irish and Scotch lakes are — where their superfluity is discharged by some river; but up here to the north, it has the mountains of Connemara, and Joyce-Country to the west, and very lofty hills that rise to the east, and separate it from the Galway lowlands. It is in truth a noble sheet of water, here and there studded with islands, — some large and fertile, others rugged rocks, — some embattled with the ruins of an old fortress, — some made holy by the crumbling remains of a still older church, where some Culdee made his de.sert, — a disciple of Columba or Fursey or Fechin his retreat. If such a lake as this were in Scotland, or indeed anywhere else in Europe, it would be covered with steam-boats and yachts, and there would be hotels and accommodations on its shores, and a country as rich, if not richer, than Cumlierland would be opened out and planted and built on." The Corrib hotel, built by Mr. Nimmo while making the roads of Cunnemara, and Corribdale, the seat of R. Martin, Esq., in the vicinity of Oughterard, take their names from the lake.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

50. Coshma barony reorganized under Act 6 & 7 William IV

    Coshma · barony · Limerick · 1836–1837

    Under the Act 6 & 7 William IV, townlands including Adare, Tullabracky, Hackmys, and ten townlands of Bruree were transferred into Coshma barony from neighbouring baronies, while Ballingaddy was transferred out to Costlea. These changes reshaped the barony's boundaries along the river Maig.

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    COSHMA, a barony in co. Limerick, Munster. It is bounded, on the north and north east, by Pobblebrlen ; on the east, by Small County and Costlea ; on the south, by co. Coric ; and on the west, by Connello and Kenry. Previous to recent changes, its greatest length, from north to south, was 14^ miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, was 7} ; its general breadth rarely exceeded 2j| ; and it formed a narrow belt, exceedingly irregular in outline, extending along the river Maig to a short distance below Adare, and including a stripe on each bank of the stream. But by authority of the Act 6 7 William IV., one townland of Adare, with a pop. of 47, was tran-iferred to it from Upper Connello, one townland of Tullabracky, one of Hackmys, and ten of Bruree, with a pop. of 874, were transferred to it from Small County, and one townland of Ballingaddy, with a pop. of 142, was transferred from it to Costlea. — The barony of Cosh ma, as now constituted, contains part of the parishes of Adare, Bruree, Croom, Drehidtarsna, Efllin, Hackmys, Killeenoghty, Killonoghan, Monasteraninagh, Tullabracky, and Uregare, and the whole of the parishes of Anhid, Athlacca, BrufT, Dromin, Dys^ert, Killbreedy-Minor, and Tankardstown. The towns and villages are Adare, Bruflf.and Croom. Area, 49.053 acres. Pop., in IS3I, 20,8*29;* in 1841, 21,705. Houses 3.209. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,534; in manufactures and traile, 573 ; in other pursuits, 514. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 4,187; who could read but not write, 1,258; who could neither read nor write, 4,055. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,236; who could read but not write, 1,430; who could neither read nor write. 5,970.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

51. Costello barony's bogs and boggy lakes

    Costello · barony · Mayo

    The barony of Costello in County Mayo features extensive bogs, moorish uplands, and boggy interior lakes. Lough Gara touches its eastern border, and its elevated interior forms the summit-level between the Moy, Corrib, and Shannon drainage basins.

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    COSTELLO, a barony on the western border of CO. Mayo, Connaught It is bounded, on tbe nortb, by CO. Sligo ; on the east, by co. Sligo and co. Roscommon ; on the south-east, by co. Koacomnxm ; on the south-west, by Clanmorris ; and on tbe west, by Clanmorris and Qallen. Its greatest length, froa north to south, is 19| miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, is 14| ; and its area is 144,462 acres. A wtry large proportion, particularly along the north and eai«t, is bog ; a considerable proporttou is moorish upland ; and a very small proportion presents an inviting or pleasant aspect. Much of tbe interior may be regarded as elevated table-ground, having in its centre the summit-level between tbe basins of the Moy on the north-west, the Corrib oa the south-west, and the Shaimon on the east. Tbe declination toward the Rfoy compriies rather mora than one-half of the whole area, and sends off its drainage by the Owen-Garrow and the Guisbden rivers; the declination toward the Corrib indodet the southern district, and is traversed by tbe nascent Clare ; the declination toward the Shannon supplies the main bead>streams of the Oara or the Bcwle; and a patch of bog in the extreme north-east decunes toward the basin of the Uncion and the bay of SljfOL Lough Gara briefly touches the eastern bender ; and a number of shivering, boggy lakes expand their cold bosoms in the interior. — This barony contains part of the parishes of Kilcoleman, Kilturragh, Omtlemore, and Knock, and tbe whole of the parishes of Annagh, Aughamore, Becan, Kilbengb, and KiU maree. Four townlands of Castlemore, and two of Kilcoleman, with jointly a pop. of M9, were transferred by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. to tbe banny of Frenchpark in co. Roscommon. Tbe towns are Ballaghadireen and Ballyhaunis. Pop., in ISSl, 44.985; in 1841, 48,389. Houses 8,6&5. Fkailics employed chiefly in agriculture, IMA ; in wfwnfii#u tures 'and trade, 1,039 ; in other pursuits, SUL Males at and above 5 years of age who eould md and write, 4,266; who could read but not write, 2,470; who could neither read nor write, l^l^OL Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,313; who could reiui but not write, 1,846; who could neither read nor write, 17,334.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

52. Cotton manufacture beginnings in Carrickfergus parish

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1790–1804

    The first cotton cloth ever made in Carrickfergus parish was made in 1790; calico webs were first given out by a local manufacturer in 1796; and calico printing commenced in 1804. The cotton trade belonged more to the parish than the town itself.

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    Trade,'] — The woollen manufacture was once of some importance, but has declined. The cotton trade belongs more extensively to the pari«h than to the town ; and is of such bulk as, m England or in Scotland, would not be reckoned very noticeable. The first cotton cloth ever made in the parish was made in 1790; calico webs were first given out by a local manufacturer in 1796; and calico printing was commenced in 1804. Linen weaving and bleaching occupy similar prominence as in most of the towns of eastern UUter. Leather is manufactured to a considerable amount Within the town are a cotton manufisctory, a flax-mill, and a distillery. The fishery of the bay affords employment to a large proportion of the inhabitants, and yields abundance of cod, lobsters, and oysters. The import and export trade was at one time of note, and promised to become of large importance, but has, for generations past, been almost completely destroyed by the enterprising rivalry and more advantageous situation of Belfast See Belfast. Such imports as exist consist of coals, iron, timber, bark, salt, slates, and miscellaneous goods; and the exports amount to about 10,000 tons per annum, and consist of black cattle, grain, alabaster, and part of the produce of the manufactories. There are two piers, — the one enclosing the town harbour immediately south-west of the castle, and erected by a grant from the Irish Parliament; and the other situated in the Scotch Quarter, and erected for the fishermen by local contributions and a grant from the late Fishery Board: both arc dry at low water; and the former has depth at high water for vessels of 100 tons. A weekly market b held on Saturday ; another weekly market is authorized by charter to be held on Wednesday ; and fiiirs are held on ftlay 12, and Nov. 1. A branch of the Northern Bank was established in 1836. The only public conveyances, in 1838, appear to have been two coaches in transit between Belfast and Larne.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 194

53. Cotton manufacture origins in Belfast

    near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1778–1784

    Messrs. Joy and M'Cabe, along with Mr. M'Cracken, formed a trading company in Belfast around 1778-9 after the Poor-house trustees refused their offer of machinery. They erected buildings and machinery, introduced the fly-shuttle, and began manufacturing calicoes, dimities, and Marseilles quiltings, soon acquiring considerable celebrity.

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    the year 1778-9. The manufacture was at first designed merely as a source of employment to the children of Belfast Poor-house; but Messrs. Joy and M'Cabe, the former the father of Chief-baron Joy, encountered from the trustees of the institution a refusal of a benevolent offer of machinery; and, in consequence, they and Mr. M'Cracken formed themselves into a trading company, erected buildings and machinery, introduced the use of the fly-shuttle, and commenced the manufacture of calicoes, dimities, and Marseilles quiltings. They soon acquired considerable celebrity. In 1784, a mill for spinning twist by water-power was erected at Whitehouse, near the road to Carrickfergus ; and so rapidly did the manufacture thenceforth increase, that, in 1800, it afforded employment or maintenance, directly or indirectly, to 27,000 persons, within a circuit drawn upon a radius of 10 miles from the centre of Belfast. In 181 1, the number of bags of cottonwool imported to the town was 14,320, the number exported 3,007, leaving 11,313 for home consump* tion. But so greatly have the comparative! v cheaper production of England and Scotland, and the profitable substitution of linen for cotton yarn, forced down the Irish cotton manufacture, since 1811, that, in 1837, not more than 8,700 bags of cotton were imported into all Ireland. In 1841, only 3 cottonmills existed in the town and suburbs, employing considerably fewer than 1,000 persons ; and, excepting the spmning of yam in these mills, the cotton trade of Belfast is now confined chiefly to the production of muslins or jaconets, twilled cords, unions, a few ginghams, and harness shawls and checked handkerchiefs, by hand-loom labour. In 1838, the number of cotton- weavers in the town, and in surrounding districts, was about 10,000 ; and of these, 5,100 were employed by Scotch houses, and about 600 by the Messrs. Dixon of Carlisle,— 4iie sole inducement for these parties employing them, being the fact that wages were then about 10 per cent, and had been known to be from 30 to 40 per cent., lower than in Glasgow.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 174

54. Cotton spinning mill at Whitehouse, 1784

    Whitehouse · townland · Antrim · 1784–1800

    In 1784, a mill for spinning twist by water-power was erected at Whitehouse, near the road to Carrickfergus. The cotton manufacture increased so rapidly that by 1800 it employed or maintained 27,000 persons within a 10-mile radius of Belfast.

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    the year 1778-9. The manufacture was at first designed merely as a source of employment to the children of Belfast Poor-house; but Messrs. Joy and M'Cabe, the former the father of Chief-baron Joy, encountered from the trustees of the institution a refusal of a benevolent offer of machinery; and, in consequence, they and Mr. M'Cracken formed themselves into a trading company, erected buildings and machinery, introduced the use of the fly-shuttle, and commenced the manufacture of calicoes, dimities, and Marseilles quiltings. They soon acquired considerable celebrity. In 1784, a mill for spinning twist by water-power was erected at Whitehouse, near the road to Carrickfergus ; and so rapidly did the manufacture thenceforth increase, that, in 1800, it afforded employment or maintenance, directly or indirectly, to 27,000 persons, within a circuit drawn upon a radius of 10 miles from the centre of Belfast. In 181 1, the number of bags of cottonwool imported to the town was 14,320, the number exported 3,007, leaving 11,313 for home consump* tion. But so greatly have the comparative! v cheaper production of England and Scotland, and the profitable substitution of linen for cotton yarn, forced down the Irish cotton manufacture, since 1811, that, in 1837, not more than 8,700 bags of cotton were imported into all Ireland. In 1841, only 3 cottonmills existed in the town and suburbs, employing considerably fewer than 1,000 persons ; and, excepting the spmning of yam in these mills, the cotton trade of Belfast is now confined chiefly to the production of muslins or jaconets, twilled cords, unions, a few ginghams, and harness shawls and checked handkerchiefs, by hand-loom labour. In 1838, the number of cotton- weavers in the town, and in surrounding districts, was about 10,000 ; and of these, 5,100 were employed by Scotch houses, and about 600 by the Messrs. Dixon of Carlisle,— 4iie sole inducement for these parties employing them, being the fact that wages were then about 10 per cent, and had been known to be from 30 to 40 per cent., lower than in Glasgow.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 174

55. County Cavan's transformation during the Ulster Plantation

    Cavan · town · Cavan · 1610

    In 1610, County Cavan was transformed into the seat of a great British colony during the plantation of Ulster. Over 52,000 acres were taken from the native O'Reillys and distributed among British colonists.

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    History.'} — At the time of the Conquest, the territory which now constitutes the county of Cavan was called Brefflny, Breifny, or Brenny, and was held by the dan O'Reilly, who were tributary to the O'Rourkes. In the reign of Elizabeth, the Commissioners appointed the Lord-chancellor Ca.sack and Sir Henry Wallop, Lords-justices of Ireland, erected it into a sheriffdom, divided it into 5 baronies, and assigned these baronies to different heads or chiefs of the O'Reilly sept, with a reservation of 220 beeves as rent to the Ci-own. Four of the O'Reillys soon forfeited their titles by rebellion; Malmurry, the fifth, was slain, while fighting for the Queen, at the battle of Black water; his daughter failed, in consequence of some informality, to establish her right as his heiress; and the whole county, though it remained 6 years afterwards in the possession of the forfeited, reverted de jure to the sovereign. In 1610, when six other counties in Ulster were forfeited by the rebellion of O'Neill and O'Donnel, and when the great design became adopted of a general ** plantation " of Ulster, Cavan, wbieh might otherwise have been permitted to remain unchdienged in the possession of the O'Reillys, was transmuted into the seat of a great British colony, upwards of 52,000 English acres being taken from the natives, and about 98,000 of these distributed among colonists. Castles were now built on the estates of all the heads of the colony, the towns of Belturbct, Virginia, and Ballyconnel, and numerous villages were founded, and

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

56. County's sole stipendiary magistrate stationed at Virginia

    Virginia · townland · Cavan · 1841

    In October 1841, only one stipendiary magistrate acted within County Cavan, and was stationed at Virginia. The county's constabulary force at the start of 1842 included inspectors, sub-inspectors, head-constables, constables, and sub-constables.

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    uho were convieted, 1 was sentenced lo transportation for life, 9 for 14 years, and 17 for 7 years; 3 to imprisonment for between 1 and 2 years, 17 between 6 and 12 months, and 152 for 6 months and under; and 56 were simply fined; — 94 were guilty of otiences against the person, 9 of offences a^^nst property committed with violence, 93 of offences against property committed without violence, 1 of malicious offence against property, none of offences agai^^t the currency, and 58 of offences not included in these five cfrtegories. Of the total committed, 5()2 were males, and 151 were females ; 36 males hikI 9 females were from 12 to 16 years of age; 17 males and 7 females from 16 to 21 ; 68 males and 24 females from 21 to 30 ; 26 males and 18 females from 30 to 40; 17 males and 9 females from 40 to 50; and 5 males and 4 females from 50 to 60; 1 male and 2 females upwards of 60 ; and the age of the rest could not be ascertained ; — 56 males and 8 females could read and write ; 31 males and 7 females could read but not write ; 56 males and 47 females could neither read nor write ; and the educational condition of the rest could not be ascertained. — The annual valuation of the county, under the Poor-law acts, in 1841, was £248,115 8««. 9d. ; the total per centage on it £11 lis. 4d. ; and the sums levied, under the grand warrants of spring and summer, respectively £14,825 6s. 6d., and £13,878 58. 2d. The e«»timated rental to proprietors is £101,890; and the e>timate(l value of landed produce, £1,204,000. — In (Jetoher, 1841, only one stipendiary magistrate acted within the county, and was stationed at Virginia. On 1st January, 1842, the constabulary force of the county consisted of I first-rate county inspector, — 2 first-rate, 2 second-rate, and 4 third-rate sub-inspectors,— 1 first-rate and 8 second-rate head-constablcs, — 29 constables, — and 132 first-rate and 18 secondrate sul)-constahles Medical statistics will be given

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57. Courceys barony: peninsula of the Old Head of Kinsale

    Courceys · barony · Cork

    A small maritime barony in Cork lying between Kinsale and Courtmacsherry Harbours, containing the curiously outlined peninsula terminating in the Old Head of Kinsale. Three townlands of Templetrine were transferred to East Carbery by the Act of 6 and 7 William IV.

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    COURCEYS, a small maritime barony of the county of Cork, Munster. It lies between Kinsale and Courtmacsherry Harbours, and contains the curiously outlined peninsula which terminates in the Old Head of Kinsale. Its length and breailth. inelusive of the peninsula, are each nearly 6 miles ; but the breadth, exclusive of the peninsula, is only 2) miles. — This barony contains part of the parishes of Kilroan, Kingrone, and Templetrine. Three townlands of Templetrine were transferred by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. to the east division of East Carbery. Area of the barony as now constituted, 8,951 acres; of which 203 acres are tideii-ay. Pop., in 18.31, 4.522 ; in 1841, 4.877. Houses 804. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 697 ; in manufactures and trade, 67 ; in other pursuits, 49. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 391 ; who could read but not write, 169; who could neither read nor write, 1.582. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write. 196 ; who could read but not write, 124 ; who could neither read nor write, 1,776.

    COURCEY'S COUNTRY, a Roman Catholic parish, apparently somewhat identical in territory with the barony of Courceys, in the county and dio. of Cork. Munster. Po*t-town, Kinsale. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

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58. Courtmacsherry Bay: picturesque cliffs and rich fisheries

    Courtmacsherry · town · Cork

    A bay between the baronies of Courceys and Barryroe in Cork, entered between the Old Head of Kinsale and the Seven Heads. The outer bay features very lofty and imposing cliffs, some white and strikingly picturesque, while fish of various kinds are abundant, including plaice preferred by many to turbot.

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    on the east, and tbe Seven Heads on the west ; it is 5 miles wide at the entrance ; it penetrates the land 3| miles north by westward with a minimum breadth of 3| miles ; and it then suddenly contracts to a breadth of between 4 and 6 furlongs, and projects 3 or 3| miles west-north-westward, but, in this upper and narrow divis^ion is properly the estuary of the Arigadeen ri ver. The outer or wide part, though sufficiently deep for navigation, offers little or no shelter ; the entrance to the inner part, or the estuary, is obstructed by a bar, and has only 10 feet of depth at low water, but is practicable at the west end for vessels of 200 tons burden ; and the inner division, both direct up to the mouth of the Arigadeen at Timoleague, and in the small offshoot of Kilbritton bay or estuary toward the north, is practicable only for boats, or for very small sloops. The coast of both sides of the outer bay toward the entrance consists of very lofty and imposing cliffit, some of which are white, and strikingly picturesque. Fish of various kinds are abundant ; pilchards were at one time caught ; salmon have occasionally been plentiful ; and plaice are so good as to be preferred by many persons to turbot.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

59. Courtown mansion sacked by insurgents, 1796

    Courtown · townland · Wexford · 1796

    In 1796 the Courtown mansion, standing close on the river, was sacked and otherwise injured by a party of insurgents. This event links the demesne to the political violence of the late eighteenth century.

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    by storms from the loutb-eMt, wliieh alio drifted ■• much sand into the sheltered part as nearlj filled it up; but this has since been partially wathed oat again. The promiscuous work of tha northcn breakwater has been carried out aboat S50 feet The work has been suspended ainoe last tpna§. From the information I could obtain, £8^000 kai been expended; but the contemplated work does not appear to be one-fburth part execated. * * There does not appear to be any well-foandad cipectation entertained that the work will soon proceed." Yet the harbour, if completed, would rsak among the first class for utility to the fiaberies; lad in consequence of a great extent of a^jaeent eoiiC being destitute of either retreat, ahelter, or tdleraUe landing-place, it would also be highly lerTioeible Ar the exportation of agricultural produce, and the importation of lime and fuel — Adjacent to tbe birbour is the beautiful demesne of the Eaii of Coortown, so sheltered in situation, and ao benefited ia climate by the saline air, at to produce, in Jouiiance, several of the more tender apedea of trees lad shrubs. The mansion stands doee on the rifcr, aad is rather a convenient than a aplendid edifice. Ia 1796, this place was sacked and otherwise iajorad by a party of insurgents. An eatate of 1,500 Irish acres, together wiUi the river Owenvarra and thi mountain Torchill, situated in BfacMorria'^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

60. Cove described as a fishing village in the 18th century

    Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1750

    Prior to the North American war of independence, Cove consisted of little more than mud cabins of a few fishermen. In 1750, Dr. Smith described it as a village built under a steep hill, inhabited by seamen and revenue officers.

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    Previous to the North American war of independence. Cove consisted of little more than (he mud cabins of a few fishermen. In 1750, Dr. Smith described it as "a village built under a steep hill, inhabited by seamen and revenue officers." In 1752, John Wesley recorded that ** there was nothing to be bought there, — neither flesh, nor fish, nor butter, nor cheese ;" and adds, that he was obliged to be well contented with someegg^ and bread. In 1769, it had not a baker's shop ; in 1790, it continued to be an insignificant fishing-village ; and even so late as 1797t it was summarily characterized by Mr. Holmes, the tourist, as '* a wretched dirty place, inhabited chiefly by sailors and fishermen.' Cove is indebted for its prosperity to the war which sue ceeded the French Revolution, and to its being made, in consequence of that war, the naval station of an Admiral's flag. Almost instantly after this signal change, bustle, activity, and a thriving trade followed. **It was no unusual sight," nav Mr. and Mrs. Hull, " to behold from * Spy -hill,' as' the highest point of Cove was called, 300 sail of merchant vessels assembled, waiting for convoy; nor was it a rare occurrence to hear the boom of distant cannon from some daring privateer that, like a hhark, h\u\ watched the harbour's mouth, until it was brought an honourable prize into port. Cove was then all gaiety: the steady officers, the light-hearted and thoughtlei«s * middies,' and the * jolly Jack Tars,* paraded up and down at all hours. Tlie pennant floated in the breeze, redolent with dust, pitch.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234