Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

Cove-of-Cork town and terraced sea-port

The town of Cove, now Cobh, occupies the steep southern face of a hill on Great Island, rising in terraces from the water's edge. The architecture is described as poor, but the site is powerfully picturesque, offering a magnificent panoramic view of the landlocked harbour.

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The town occupies the steep and southern face of a hill, and rises, terrace above terrace, from near the e()i:e of the water to a considerable height in the ucchvity. The ranges of houses, called the Beach and the Crescent, extend some distance along the l>a«e ot the hill ; and the street or area called the S<{Uitre, is a principal thoroughfare, and contains a Market-hou^e, which was erected, by Mr. Smith ]{arr\ . in l.S(X). Yet even these sections, in spite of both their husine^s character, and the lownets of their >ite, do n«>t mar the town's general appearance of brioL' arranged in lines, or upon narrow and shelving eHplaiiade«, aloiif? the face of a semi- precipitous as- - ciMit. Hut tor the fronts of the houses being turned | tow.inl the ^ea, and the terraces on which they are arraiiced being somewhat regular, one might almost !afi< s iliein to represent the forlorn hope of a great : army perilously scaling a grand bilUfort. The archi- 1

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Cove prospers after French Revolution as naval station

Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1793–1815

Cove became prosperous after the French Revolution when it was made a naval station for an Admiral's flag. The town saw increased activity and trade, with hundreds of merchant vessels gathering for convoy.

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Previous to the North American war of independence. Cove consisted of little more than (he mud cabins of a few fishermen. In 1750, Dr. Smith described it as "a village built under a steep hill, inhabited by seamen and revenue officers." In 1752, John Wesley recorded that ** there was nothing to be bought there, — neither flesh, nor fish, nor butter, nor cheese ;" and adds, that he was obliged to be well contented with someegg^ and bread. In 1769, it had not a baker's shop ; in 1790, it continued to be an insignificant fishing-village ; and even so late as 1797t it was summarily characterized by Mr. Holmes, the tourist, as '* a wretched dirty place, inhabited chiefly by sailors and fishermen.' Cove is indebted for its prosperity to the war which sue ceeded the French Revolution, and to its being made, in consequence of that war, the naval station of an Admiral's flag. Almost instantly after this signal change, bustle, activity, and a thriving trade followed. **It was no unusual sight," nav Mr. and Mrs. Hull, " to behold from * Spy -hill,' as' the highest point of Cove was called, 300 sail of merchant vessels assembled, waiting for convoy; nor was it a rare occurrence to hear the boom of distant cannon from some daring privateer that, like a hhark, h\u\ watched the harbour's mouth, until it was brought an honourable prize into port. Cove was then all gaiety: the steady officers, the light-hearted and thoughtlei«s * middies,' and the * jolly Jack Tars,* paraded up and down at all hours. Tlie pennant floated in the breeze, redolent with dust, pitch.

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Craigs Rocks: artificial caves and Druidical remains near Ballymoney

Craigs · townland · Antrim

A range of rocks a little east of Dunloy Hill, about five miles south-east of Ballymoney in County Antrim, containing artificial caves and Druidical remains. They command a good view of part of the valley and flanking heights of the Lower Bann.

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CRAIGS ROCKS, a range of rocks a little east of Duriloy Hill, and about 5 miles south-east of Ballymoney, co. Antrim, Ulster. They contain some artihcial caves and Druidical remains, and command a good view of part of the ralley and flanking heights ot the Lower Bann.

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Cranagh barony: rivers, soil, and landscape

Crannagh · barony · Kilkenny

The barony of Cranagh in Kilkenny is drained by the Freshford rivulet, the river Nore, and the Munster or King's river. The vale of Freshford has some of the best soil in the county, while the centre consists of hills with a slaty subsoil capable of improvement.

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CRANAGH, a barony on the west side of the county of Kilkenny, Munster. It is bounded, on the north, by Galmoy ; on the east, by Fassailining and the Liberties ot Kilkenny ; on the south, by Shillelogher ; and on the west, by the county of Tipperary. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 1 1* miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, is 9j : and its area is 58,076 acres. The Freshford rivulet flows eastward along the larger part of the northiTn border; the river Nore traces part of the ea:stern l)oundury ; and the Munster or King's river rises in the interior, and drains nearly half of the area. The soil of the vale of Freshford is some of the best in the county, but constantly varies, and when it ri^es up the hills, is changed into a light and gravelly loam. Belts of ground on the Nore and the KiiiK''!> river are part of a rich and extensive plain, which extends to the vicinity of Kilkenny and to the south of C'allan, and which has prevailingly an argillaceous soil, yet presents every gradation from a stiff cla>ey loam to a light gravel. The other and more extensive low grounds of the barony appear very light and poor, though naturally inclined to grass ; and the centre of the baronv consists of bills, which are occasionally moorish, but have everywhere a blaty subsoil, and are capable of great improvement. — This barony contains part of the parishes of Coolrraheen, Fertagh, Kilcooley, Killaloe, Odagh, Sheflin, St. Cunice, and TuIlagbambrogue,and the whole of the parishes of BalHnamara, Ballycullen, ClaibaiTow, Giirranamanagh, Killahy, Clomantagh, Freobford, Kilmanagh, Tubrid, and TuUaroan. The part of St. Canice parish in the barony formerly belonged to the county of the city of Kilkenny, and was transferred to Cranagh by the Act 3 and 4 Victoria, c. 1(18 and KK) ; and it contained a pop. of 1,373. The chief village is Kilmanagh. and the only town is Freshford. Pop , in 1831, 15.W4; in 1841, 17.936. Houses '2.847. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, *i,434 ; in manufactures and trade, 357 ; in other pursuits, 208. Males at and above 5 yean of Mf^e who could read and write, 3,242; who could read hut not write, 1,448; who could neither read nor write, 3,189. Females at and above 5 years of age wbo could rea<l and write, 1,418; who could read but not write, 2,225 ; who could neither read nor write, 4.324.

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Cranfield headland guards Carlingford bay entrance

Cranfield · townland · Down

Cranfield is a headland in the barony of Mourne, co. Down, that screens the north side of the entrance to Carlingford bay. It is situated 1.5 miles east-south-east of Greencastle and 3 miles south by west of Kilkeel.

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CRANFIELD, a headland in the barony ot Moume, co. Down, Ulster. It screens the north side of the entrance of Carlingford bay, and is situated 1} mile east-south-east of Greencastle, and 3 south by west of Kilkeel.
CRAnNA, a village in the south comer of the barony of Clanmorris, 2) miles south-east of Holly* mount, CO. Mayo, Connaught.

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Cratloe House: seat of S. A. O'Brien, Esq.

Cratloe · town · Clare

Cratloe-house, in the vicinity of the village of Cratloe, co. Clare, is the seat of S. A. O'Brien, Esq. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the diocese of Limerick.

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CRATLOE, or Cratloe-Cross, a village in the barony of Bunrattv, co. Clare, Munster. It stands 5| miles east-south-east of Newmarket-on-Fergus, and 6 west-north-west of Limerick, on the roa<l between these towns. It gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Limerick. Posttown, Limerick. The Cratloe and Meelick dispensary is within the Limerick Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,000; and, in 1839-40, its receipts and disbursements were respectively £79 18s., and £84 6s. Cratloe-house, in the vicinity, is the seat of S. A. O'Brien, Esq. Cratloe- wo|oa, the largest remnant of natural forest which exists in this part of the country, stretches a considerable distance along the north side of the Limerick and Ne%vmarket noad, covert high rough lands which connect with the chain of hills running eastward to Lough Derg, and forms a very remarkable feature of an extensive sheet of scenery.
CRAUGHWELL, a village in the parish of Killora, barony of Dunkellin, co. Gal way, Connaught. It stands on the Camamart rivulet, and on the road from Dublin to Gal way, 6} miles west -northwest of Loughrea. It has a post-office ; and gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. Immediately adjacent is Ballymore, the seat of R. Rathboume, Esq. ; and at some distance on the north are the mansions of Tallyho Lodge, Hollypark, and Persse Lodge. Area, 8 acres. Pop., in 1841, 274. Houses 45.

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Cratloe woods and outlaw legends

Cratloe · town · Clare

The deep dark woods of Cratloe, visible in the distance from Carrigogunnel Castle, are associated with legends of banded outlaws who sheltered there during years of turbulent foray and oppression.

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summit of a huge rock, overlooking the broad Shannon, the * livel V ' city of Limerick, and miles upon miles of a richly cultivated country,— filling the mind with vivid images of vast power and strife; while the deep dark woods of Cratloe in the distance, summon to memory legends of banded outlaws, who sheltered there during years of turbulent foray on the one hand, and melancholy mismanagement or oppression on the other. * * The castle must have been of amazing strength ; and the outworks evidently extended a long way down the adjacent slope, for some traces of the old walls may still be discovered." Either this fortalice, or some other strength at the village, possibly the germ of the present pile, is said to have belonged to the Knights Templars. The castle, in its proper character, appears to have been built by the O'Briens, kings of Munster, and was for some time their residence. '* About the year 1537, Cox informs us that, through stipulation and treachery, Carrigogunnel was lost and won more than once by the followers of the Earl of Desmond, and those sent to reduce that turbulent chieftain and the country to tranquillity. At the siege of Limerick, after the battle of Aughrim, it was garrisoned by \50 men, adherents of James II., but surrendered without resistance to Major-General Scravenmore; 'the leaving these detachments in such places,' remarks Story, ' being very unaccountable, since they had a mind to defend them no better.' The castle was considered so tenable a position, that it was deemed expedient to destroy it, and it was accordingly blown up, together with Castle- Connell ; Dean Story receiving no less a sum than £160 for the purchase of gunpowder to ruin these fortresses. The violent eflTect of the explosion b still evident in the dilapidated remains of CarrigogunneL Massive fragments of the walls and towers lie scattered around in a confusion not unpicturesque ; and it is a matter of some difficulty to trace the original plan." [Croker*s Researches.]

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Cratloe Woods: largest remnant of natural forest

Cratloe · town · Clare

Cratloe-woods, near the village of Cratloe in co. Clare, is described as the largest remnant of natural forest in that part of the country. It stretches along the north side of the Limerick and Newmarket road, covering high rough lands connecting to hills running eastward to Lough Derg.

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CRATLOE, or Cratloe-Cross, a village in the barony of Bunrattv, co. Clare, Munster. It stands 5| miles east-south-east of Newmarket-on-Fergus, and 6 west-north-west of Limerick, on the roa<l between these towns. It gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Limerick. Posttown, Limerick. The Cratloe and Meelick dispensary is within the Limerick Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,000; and, in 1839-40, its receipts and disbursements were respectively £79 18s., and £84 6s. Cratloe-house, in the vicinity, is the seat of S. A. O'Brien, Esq. Cratloe- wo|oa, the largest remnant of natural forest which exists in this part of the country, stretches a considerable distance along the north side of the Limerick and Ne%vmarket noad, covert high rough lands which connect with the chain of hills running eastward to Lough Derg, and forms a very remarkable feature of an extensive sheet of scenery.
CRAUGHWELL, a village in the parish of Killora, barony of Dunkellin, co. Gal way, Connaught. It stands on the Camamart rivulet, and on the road from Dublin to Gal way, 6} miles west -northwest of Loughrea. It has a post-office ; and gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. Immediately adjacent is Ballymore, the seat of R. Rathboume, Esq. ; and at some distance on the north are the mansions of Tallyho Lodge, Hollypark, and Persse Lodge. Area, 8 acres. Pop., in 1841, 274. Houses 45.

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Craughwell village and Ballymore seat

Craughwell · town · Galway

Craughwell village in co. Galway stands on the Camamart rivulet on the road from Dublin to Galway. Immediately adjacent is Ballymore, the seat of R. Rathbourne, Esq., with nearby mansions of Tallyho Lodge, Hollypark, and Persse Lodge.

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CRAUGHWELL, a village in the parish of Killora, barony of Dunkellin, co. Gal way, Connaught. It stands on the Camamart rivulet, and on the road from Dublin to Gal way, 6} miles west -northwest of Loughrea. It has a post-office ; and gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. Immediately adjacent is Ballymore, the seat of R. Rathboume, Esq. ; and at some distance on the north are the mansions of Tallyho Lodge, Hollypark, and Persse Lodge. Area, 8 acres. Pop., in 1841, 274. Houses 45.
CR AWFORDS-BURN, a village in the parish of Bangor, barony of Lower Castlereagh, co. Down, Ulster. It stands near the shore of Belfast Lough, 2 miles west of Bangor, and 4 north-east by east of Hollywood. Area, 13 acres. Pop., iu 1831, 178; in 1841, 188. Houses 36. Adjacent to the village, and on the shore of the Lough, stands the beautifullv situated mansion of Crawford's -Bum, the seat of the well-known Sbarman Crawford, Esq. A mile south of the village is Ballyleidy, the seat of Lord DuflTerin ; and near it is Rathgail, the seat of J. R. Cleland, Esq.

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Crawfords-Burn mansion and neighbouring seats

near Crawfordsburn · town · Down

The mansion of Crawford's-Burn on the shore of Belfast Lough is the seat of Sharman Crawford, Esq. A mile south is Ballyleidy, the seat of Lord Dufferin, and near it is Rathgail, the seat of J. R. Cleland, Esq.

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CR AWFORDS-BURN, a village in the parish of Bangor, barony of Lower Castlereagh, co. Down, Ulster. It stands near the shore of Belfast Lough, 2 miles west of Bangor, and 4 north-east by east of Hollywood. Area, 13 acres. Pop., iu 1831, 178; in 1841, 188. Houses 36. Adjacent to the village, and on the shore of the Lough, stands the beautifullv situated mansion of Crawford's -Bum, the seat of the well-known Sbarman Crawford, Esq. A mile south of the village is Ballyleidy, the seat of Lord DuflTerin ; and near it is Rathgail, the seat of J. R. Cleland, Esq.
CREAGH, a parish in the eastern division of the baronv of West Carbery. co. Cork, l^lunster. It contains part of the town of Skibbersen : which see. Its outline is very irregular. Length, 8 miles; breadth, 3 ; area, 5,802 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,914: in 1841, 6,415. Houses 1.020. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 3,320; in 1841, 3,567. Houses 616. The surface runs down the ea»t side of the estuary of the Hen, and across to the head of Barlogh bay ; and it is partly indented by Lough^ne at the bead of Barlogh bay, and includes several islets. Two-thirds of the land are aggregately of middlerate Quality ; and one-third is wet and unprofitable. Creagb-bouse stands 3 miles from Skibbereen, and

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Creagh bog near Ballinasloe

Creagh · townland · Roscommon

A large bog in the barony of Moycarnon, one mile east of Ballinasloe, co. Roscommon, measuring about 2.5 miles long and 1 mile broad with an average depth of 25 feet. It declines to the river Suck and is bisected by the Creagh mill-stream, with an estimated reclamation cost of £2,041 11s. 2d.

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CREAGH, a bog in the bmrony of Mmreuvon, I mile east of Ballinasloe, co. Roscommon, Omnai^t Length, 2{ miles; breadth, 1 ; area, 1,758 aerciL Average depth, 25 feet; extreme altitude above tke level of the Suck at Ballinaaloe, 66 feet. The bay declines to the Suck ; is bisected and drained wfslward by the Creagh mill-stream ; and, in genetal— but particularly toward the south end-— it very «cL Estimated cost of reclamation, £2,041 lla. 2cL Oi the south border of the pariih of Creagh lies also tfce bog of CiTLLAGH : whicli see.
CREAGH, CO. Dublin. See Cbuaoh.

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Creagh House: seat of Sir W. Wrixon Beecher

Creagh · townland · Cork

Creagh-house stands 3 miles from Skibbereen in the parish of Creagh, co. Cork, and is the seat of Sir W. Wrixon Beecher, Bart. The parish surface runs down the east side of the estuary of the Hen and across to the head of Barlogh bay.

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CREAGH, a parish in the eastern division of the baronv of West Carbery. co. Cork, l^lunster. It contains part of the town of Skibbersen : which see. Its outline is very irregular. Length, 8 miles; breadth, 3 ; area, 5,802 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,914: in 1841, 6,415. Houses 1.020. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 3,320; in 1841, 3,567. Houses 616. The surface runs down the ea»t side of the estuary of the Hen, and across to the head of Barlogh bay ; and it is partly indented by Lough^ne at the bead of Barlogh bay, and includes several islets. Two-thirds of the land are aggregately of middlerate Quality ; and one-third is wet and unprofitable. Creagb-bouse stands 3 miles from Skibbereen, and
is the seat of Sir W. Wrixon Beecber, Bart This

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Creagh parish mansions and landscape along the Suck

Creagh · townland · Roscommon

The parish of Creagh in co. Roscommon occupies the western half of the barony of Moycarnon and contains a small part of Ballinasloe. The river Suck traces its western boundary, the surface rises into hilly ground in the east, and notable mansions include Fort-William, Suckfield, Ashford, Birchgrove, and Woodmount.

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lOs. Gross income, £522 10s. ; nett, £463 Ss. 8d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1812, by means of a loan of £369 48. 7id., and a gift of £646 38. Id., from the late Board of First- Fruits. Sittings 200 ; attendance 100. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 3,800 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Tullagh. In 1834, the ProtestanU amounted to 481, and the Roman Catholics to 5,360; and 3 daily schools-^one of which was salaried with 10^. for each child, and £3 to a mistress for teaching needle- work, by the rector, and another with £20 from subscriptions collected by the Roman Catholic priest — had an average summer attendance of 295 children. In 1840, the National Board had two schools at Skibbercen ; and, in 1839, they granted £73 10s. toward the erection of a school at Creagh. CREAGH, a parish, occupying the western half of the barony of Moycarnon, and containing a small part of the town of Ballinasloe, co. Roscommon, Connaught. See Ballinasloe. Length and breadth, each 3 miles ; area, 8,867 acres, 2 roods, 37 perches, — of which 109 acres, 34 perches, are in the river Suck, and 1,020 acres, 20 perches, constitute a detached district about a mile to the ea!«t. Pop., in 1831. 2.864 ; in 1841, 2.888. Houses 501. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,389; in 1841, 2,583. Houses 453. The river Suck traces the western boundary ; and the roads from BuHinasloe to Athlone and Shannon-Bridge traverse the interior. A considerable proportion of the area is bog : see next article. The surface rises into hilly ground in the eai«t, and occasionally swells elsewhere into undulations ; but, for the most part, has a champaign character, and, jointly with that of the neighbouring parish of Moore, shows a greater disposition to a dead level than roost other parts of the county. Such hills and swells as occur consist principally of limestone gravel ; and various spots show limestone rock cropping out from the surface. Good specimens exist of plantation upon bog ; and in one place, on the Shannon-Bridge road and toward the Suck, natural wood appears inclined to rise from an old stool. Resident gentlemen have set the example of improving stock and tillage ; and the average value of the land is about 20:). per plantation acre. Among the mansions and vilks are Fort- William, Suckfield, and Ashford near the Suck, and Birchgrove and Woodmount toward the east This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Clonfert. Tithe composition, £83 Is. 64d. ; glebe, £4 153. 6d. Yet a portion of the tithes, compounded for £51 18s. 6d., is appropriated to the bishop and dean of Clonfert The rectories of Creagh, Kilclooney, and Taohmaconnel [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Crea^rh. Length, 12 miles; breadth, 4. Pop., in 1831, 14.436. Gross income. £287 12s. 6Jd.; nett. £222 lis. lOJd. Patron, the diocesan. The church is situated in the Kilclooney section of the town of Ballinasloe. The Roman Catholic chapel of Creagh has an attendance of 800 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Kilclooney. There are a Roman Catholic chapel also in Taghmaconnel, and two Methodist chapels in Kilclooney. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 135, and the Roman Catholics to 3,027; the Prote»tants of the union to 1,369, and the Roman Catholics to 13,336 ; 6 daily schools in the parish— one of which was aided with £12 a-yearfrom Lady Clancarty and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society, and one with £2 from the rector, £10 from the London Ladies* Hibernian Society, and a graduated allowance from the London Hiberniuii Society — were averagely attended by from 256 to 312 children ; and 15 daily schools in the union

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Creation of Patrick Street from a canal

Patrick Street · street · Cork · 1783

In 1783, the canal running between Long quay and Colville's quay was converted into Patrick Street in Cork.

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leading to them removed. In 1712-13, the wooden brid^it at the north and south enda of the city were pulled down, and nuperKeded by handsome stone erections. In 1719, Mr. E^iward Webber constructed the public wM. c&XXed the Mardyke, nearly an Eng. Iii>h mile in length, westward along a marnh to near the point where the Lee forks into two main-channels ; and, at its termination, he built a brick house, and enclosed a tea-garden, which became a favourite summer resort of tne citizens. Hammond's Marsh, which lay between the town and the commencement of this promenade, was also provided with public gardens, and had **a large and pleasant bowling-green, planted on its margin with trees kept regularly cut." In 17*2-5, the east marsh and DunscoinbeV .Marsh had become so extensively edificed and peopled as to be erected into the pansh of St. Paul*!*, and provided with a parochial place of worship. In 17 lo and 17*2B, gaols for the county at large, > and for the county of the citv, supplanted the old castles and gates which Btoo<l at tne ends of the miiin street, and had then become ruinous; but these gaols were incommodiou'* and ungraceful structures, as insecure as they were lumpibh, and they have necessarily been swept away in the progress of a maturing improvement. The various canals and ditches, which cut the site and immediate environs of the old town into a labyrinth of islets, were gradually arched over; and the roadways which superseded them combined with the embankments, and raised grounds upon periodically flooded marshes, to consolidate the whole tract between the two outer channels of the Lee into one island. In 1774, the canal which ran through the middle of the present Henry-street was arched; in 177B, the canal between Hammond's quay and the west side of the city walls was converted into a street which received the name of the celebrated Grattan ; in 1780, a canal between Tuckey's quay and the Mall, was formed into the present Grand Parade ; in 17B3, the canal between Long quay and Colville's quay became Patrick -street ; about the same time, the Potatoe quay dock, between the subsequent corn market and bridewell, was covered in ; in 1795. the canal called Fenn's quay, was converted into Nile-street; and soon after other canals were formed into Nelson's-place and the South Mall, — the latter the best street in Cork. Improvements, or rather exten&iions, were commenced aNo around the quondam villages of Old Cork and Blackpool; and these have so far and rapidly pushed series of street-lines along the extreme sides of the Lee, and up the adjacent slopes, as practically to have placed two large towns in juxtaposition with the renovated and extended river-girt city of the marshes.

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Creeslough village near Sheephaven estuary

Creeslough · town · Donegal

Creeslough is a village in the parish of Clondahorky, barony of Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, situated on the road from Letterkenny to Dunfanaghy and near the estuary forming the head of Sheephaven. It lies approximately 4.5 miles from Glenveagh Cross Roads and 5.5 miles from Lough Salt.

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CREESLOITGH. a village in the parish of Clondahorky, haruiiy of Kilmacrenan.co. Donegal, Ulster. It >taii(i» on the road from Letterkenny to DunfiiiiH^'hy, and near the estuary which forms the head of Slieephaven, 4| miles from Glenveagh Cross Roads, 4^ from Dunfanaghy, 5| from Lough Salt, and 14^ from Letterkenny. Area, 8 acres. Pop., in 1 84 L 23.5. Houses 42.
CREEVE, a parish, partly in the barony of Roscommon, but rhiofly in that of Frenchpark, CO. Roscommon, and 2^ miles west of Carrick<on- Shannon, Connaught. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2. Aroa of the Roscommon section, 745 acres; of tlie Frenchpark section, 3,829 acres. Pop. of the wholf, in 1831,3,159; in 1841,2,086. Houses 305. Top. of the Frenchpark section, in 1841, 1,736. Iloti^t's 3()4. Part ot the surface is bog ; but most is ^'uod land. The chief mansion is Portobello. The road from Boyle to Strokestown, goes through the interior. — This pari>h is a vicarage, and part of the berietice of Ardclare [which see^, in the die. of Elphin. The vicarial and the rectonal tithes are each eompoiinded for X46 38. Id. ; and the latter are appropriated to the precentorship of Elphin cathedral. A chapel- of-ease has an attendance of 14. Six Roman Catholic chapels in the benefice to which tl)e vicarage belongs, are returned in cumulo. In 18:U, tlie Protestants amounted to 29, and the Roman Catholics to 3,320; and 4 daily schools — one of which was salaried with £\6 10s. from the Elphin l)ioce>aTi Society and other sources, and another with .£"8 from that Society and Lord Lofton— had on their hooks 88 boys and 63 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Creevelea Franciscan friary and O'Rorke effigy

Creevelea · townland · Leitrim · 1508

A Franciscan friary was founded at Creevelea in 1508 by Margaret, daughter of Lord O'Brien. Though never finished, the ruins contain carved figures on the church walls and a tomb effigy of the great O'Rorke over the family burial ground.

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CREEVELEA, a townland in the vicinity of Dromahaire, barony of Dromahaire, co. Leitrim, Connanf^ht. The uncorrupted name, Craioibhiiath, means the Grey Branch, and alludes to the monastic community called Grey Friars. The place is sometimes called — in mongrel mixation of Irish and Eng- Ij-h — Hallyvuarc and Carrickpatrick. A Franciscan friary was built here — on the river Bonnet, a short distance above Loughgill, and surrounded with the amenities of a fertile and beautiful district of country — in l.'^)8, bv Margaret, daughter of Lord O'Brien, and wife of kugene. Lord O Rorke. The building, HC( ording to \Vare, was never finished; yet the part of it which exists is in good conservation, and of the >ame extent as the abbey of Sligo, but inferior to that ^'tiucture in the style of execution. Several curious figures appear on the walls of the church, and aKo over the graves of the Murrought, the O'Rorkes, and the (VC^rnyns ; and an effigies of the great O'Rorke lies on a tomb over the buryinggroiind of his family.
CREdAN. See TiMOLF.AGCE.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Creeve rocks and lost chapel near Newry

Creeve · townland · Down

A ridge of rocks east of Newry has a mineralogical composition of interest to naturalists. Beside these rocks anciently stood a chapel, though its history has been lost.

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CREEVE, a ridge of rocks, 1 a mile east of Ncwry, co Down, Ulster. Their mineralogical r()inii()>itiou is interesting to the naturalist; and be-idc them anciently stood a chapel, the hbtory of which i* lo'it.
CREEVELEA, a townland in the vicinity of Dromahaire, barony of Dromahaire, co. Leitrim, Connanf^ht. The uncorrupted name, Craioibhiiath, means the Grey Branch, and alludes to the monastic community called Grey Friars. The place is sometimes called — in mongrel mixation of Irish and Eng- Ij-h — Hallyvuarc and Carrickpatrick. A Franciscan friary was built here — on the river Bonnet, a short distance above Loughgill, and surrounded with the amenities of a fertile and beautiful district of country — in l.'^)8, bv Margaret, daughter of Lord O'Brien, and wife of kugene. Lord O Rorke. The building, HC( ording to \Vare, was never finished; yet the part of it which exists is in good conservation, and of the >ame extent as the abbey of Sligo, but inferior to that ^'tiucture in the style of execution. Several curious figures appear on the walls of the church, and aKo over the graves of the Murrought, the O'Rorkes, and the (VC^rnyns ; and an effigies of the great O'Rorke lies on a tomb over the buryinggroiind of his family.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Cregg demesne and old Roche castle

Cregg · townland · Cork

The demesne of Cregg in the parish of Castle-Hyde is tastefully laid out along the River Blackwater. It contains an old castle which formerly belonged to the Roches of Fermoy.

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CRE(iG, a demesne in the parish of Litter or <'astle-Hyde, barony of Condons and Clangibbon, CO. Cork, Munster. It is tastefully laid out, bat steep and umbrageous walks beside the magnificent Blackwater, and contains an old castle which formerly belorkged to the Roches, toparchs of Ferrooy. The proprietor ij% Col. Stewart.
CRE<;(i.VH, a hamlet in the barony of Garrycattle. King's CO., IA'in^te^. Fairs are held on April 1 .itid Dec. 12. Pop. not >i>ecially returned.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Cremorne barony: looms in every cabin

Cremorne · barony · Monaghan

The barony of Cremorne in County Monaghan lies on a lofty watershed basis between eastern and western seas. A statistician noted that nearly every cabin contained a loom or two, with occupiers renting both cabin and looms from master-weavers, making small-scale manufacturing the dominant livelihood.

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CREMORNE, a barony in co. Monaghan, Ulster. It extends, from north-east to south-west, quite across the county; and is bounded, on the northwe>t, by the baronies of Dartree and Monaghan ; on the north-east, by the county of Armagh; on the south-west, by the barony of Donaghmoyne ; and on the Houth-w^est, by the county of Cavan. Its length is 17 miles ; its breadth is 8^ ; and its area is 85,430 acres. A line from north to south, through nearly its middle, is part of the summit-level between the eastern and the western seas ; and a line from cast to west across its north-east corner, is part of the summit-level between the eastern and northern seas ; so that the whole land necessarily lies upon a lofty basis. Much of the surface, especially toward the county of Armagh, is hilly and moorish ; but the greater part has a far softer, warmer, and more luxuriant appearance than might be anticipated from its geographical position. The highest ground is the hill of Crieve : which see. Lakes are numerous, and, in several instances, are comparatively large. The Fane river is the main drain toward toe Irish Sea; and the Annalee and Cootehill rivulets toward the Atlantic at the disemboguement of the Erne. ** This district," says the statist of co. Monaghan, ** bears its proportion of the great population of the county ; but the people are all in the small manufacturing business. Scarcely a cabin is to be seen without a loom or two ; and many of the occupiers rent the cabin and the loomsfrom the master-weaver, who only may be said to be above want.'* — This barony contains part of the parishes of Ballybay, Tally Corbet, and Tyhallon ; and the whole of the jmrishes of Aughnamullin, Clontibret, and Mucknoe. The towns and chief villages are Castleblaney, Ballybay, and Ballytrain. The annual valuation, under the Poor-law Act, is £50,215 3s. Id. ; and the sums levied under the grand warrants of spring and sum-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Croaghpatrick and Nephin Frame Castlebar's Panorama

Croaghpatrick · electoral division · Mayo

A cordon of lofty mountains encircles Castlebar in the distance, with Croaghpatrick's monarch-summit to the west and Nephin to the north, forming a grand panoramic perspective combined with the broken low country they enclose.

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fTif^blunds of Erris and Tyrawlry, and those of Joyce-country and Cunnemara. Low hilU rise on all sides, in its immediate neighbourhood, and trend away in irregular ridges and groups to the comparatively near amphitheatre of environing mountain. The Park and the Lawn — the former the seat of the Earl of Lucan, the principal proprietor of the town, and the latter the scat of St. Clair O'Malley, his lordship's agent — adjoin the suburbs, and contribute their improved grounds and demesne embellishments as features of beauty to the town's landscape; Windsor, Hawthorn Lodge, Breafy, and other villas, are sprinkled at intervals in the near vicinity; Kilboyne House, Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart., Rahans, Mrs. Browne, and other mansions of pretending character, adorn the choicer stretches of ground within a circle of several miles ; and the cordon of lofty mountains in the distance, with the monarch-summits of Croaghpatrick in the west, and Nephin in the north, form u grand panoramic perspective, and distinctly coml>ine with the broken low country which they enclose. Yet though the scenery around the town is striking, and the surface of the country presents many patches of rich soil and of bosky woodland, the land, especially toward Nephin, is prevailingly naked, cold, boggy, moorish, and wild.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

Croagh Patrick: pilgrim mountain of St Patrick legends

near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

Croagh Patrick rises 2,530 feet on the south coast of Clew Bay, its cone-shaped summit dominating the surrounding landscape of hills, dells, and ridges. It is Ireland's foremost site of pilgrimage and superstitious observance, where vast crowds gather seasonally and where a widely credited legend holds that St Patrick banished all venomous creatures from Ireland. At its base stand the village of Morisk and ruins of an Augustinian monastery.

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naught. It is situated on the south coast of Clew bay, 6} miles west-south-west of Westport, aiid rises to an altitude of 2,530 feet above sea-level. Its lower declivities are spreading and lumpish ; but its upper part rises as if from an alpine pedestal, and soars steeply and sublimely aloft in the form of a cone. The summit appears from below to be a literal acumination, — an acutely-pointed peak; but it is actually flattened into a tiny tableau of half-anacre. The country immediately round the base of the mountain is a series of hills, dells, ravines, and boggy flats and table-lands ; and after the interval of a few miles, it recedes toward the horizon in congeries of diversified and often intricately outlined mountains and lofty ridges : so that Croaghpatrick, as seen through many a vista, and from many a distant vantage-ground, appears like a stupendous tower or architectural lantern rising nobly over streets, squares, and a whole vast town of uplands. Its appearance, on almost any near view, but especially from Westport, Clare Island, or a thousand spots at the head and along the north side of Clew bay, is singularly imposing, — impressively sublime; and it usually exhibits such a plav of light and shade, such amassments of fleecy clout! in combination with burnishings of sunshine, such foils and contrasts between base and summit, between both and Clew bay, and between all and the oer-arching heavens, as to he a perfect study to even an adept in painting. One view of it is noticed in our article on Coraan- AcHiLL [which see]; and other views will probably occur in the progress of our work. The panorama hung around the mountain, and seen wholly at favourable moments from its summit, or partially, at most seasons, from its sides, is one of the most gorgeous, richly composed, and replete with character and stren^h and beauty, anywhere to be seen in the three kingdoms. A very frequent wreathing with clouds round the summit usually prevents the whole panorama from being seen at once ; but the zone of declivity immediately below is generally at a sufficient height to permit the view to be perfectly seen in parts. — No place in Ireland is the scene of more superstitious observances, or a more popular resort of pilgrims and devotees, or the site of more numerous smidl memorials of superstition, or the subject of more generally credited legends of hagiology. Vast crowds of miserable human beings, at certain seasons, swarm all over its summit and sides and skirts; multitudinous objects of reputed sanctity occur along its ascent and on its apex ; one jprand current legend is almost everywhere believed m the teeth of all credibility, that St Patrick gathered hither, and swept hence all venomous creatures in Ireland ; and several roonuroenta exist of really intrinsic interest, particularly one which was not, till three or four years a^o, brought into notice, and which carries back antiquarian association to a period very considerably earlier than that of the pretended exploits of SU Patrick. We are compelled by the limitedness of our space from noticing in detail an^ of the numerous objects of hagiological, supcrsutious, or antiquarian notoriety ; but oiay refer any of our readers, who have a taste for such matters, to a spirited chapter on pp. 300—331 of Ot way's * Tour in Connaught. — The summit of the mountain consists of quartz rock and clay-slate ; the west side is invested with serpentine: and other parts invite the researches, and will reward the curiosity, of the geologist and the botanist. At the mountain's base are the village of Morisk, and the ruins of an Augoatinian monastery. See Moriik.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crom Castle and Earl of Erne's demesne on Upper Lough Erne

Crom · townland · Fermanagh

Crom, the demesne of the Earl of Erne in Co. Fermanagh, contains a modern castle residence and the ruins of the old feudal castle. The demesne encompasses a peninsula, isles, and islets on Upper Lough Erne, richly wooded with indigenous timber including gigantic oaks, ash trees, and a spreading yew, forming a romantic labyrinth of land and water.

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(in'M, tlie (ienie-ue of the Earl of Erne, on the wcht l>or(!er of the harony of (^oole, 3J miles west by >oiithof Newtown-Hutler, CO. Fermanagh, Tlster. Cruin-ca>tle, the present residence of the Earl, is a modern and splendid pile, situated at the head of a narrow peninxuU, amidst the romantic and cxquifcitciy beautiful labyrinth of land and water which characterizes the head of Upper Lough Erne. The ruins of the old castle, the former or feudal residence, are in the vicinity. The demesne, including the

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Cromlech near Hilltown and legend of Fin MacCuishall's bed

near Hilltown · village · Down

About 2 miles from Hilltown on the old road from Newry to Downpatrick stands a cromlech whose top stone measures 15 feet long, 10.5 broad, and 5.5 thick, resting on three supporting stones. A cell or trough lies on its south side, and the frequent discovery of gigantic bones nearby has fueled a peasant legend that the cell was the bed of the giant Fin MacCuishall.

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CLONDUFF, or Clanduff, a parish in the barony of Upper Iveagli, 2} miles south of Rathfriland, CO. Down, Ulster. It contains the village of Hilltown : which see. Length, southward, 5\ miles ; extreme breadth, 5^; area, 21,241 acres, '2 roods, 38 perches, — of which, 6 acres, 1 rood, 2 perches, are water. Pop., in IftJl, 7.914; in 1841, 8,087. Houses 1,010. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 8,352. Houses 1,550. A large portion of the surface is mountainous, but partly reclaimable ; and the remainder of the area consists variously of ^ood and of inferior land. The principal height IS the Eagle mountain, which is situated on the southern boundary, and whose summit rises 2,084 feet above sea-level, and is one of the most lofty in the great ]SIourne range. The Upper Bann issues from its sides, and runs north wanl through the interior, washing the village of Hilltown [which see] ; and watering the tirst of the numerous bleach-greens which occur along its banks. In the townland of Tammery, 3 miles from Hilltown, and on the top of one of the many heath-clad hills which rise in pleasing gradation throughout the south end of the county, are two cairns of reii|>ectively 45 and 24 feet in diameter. About 2 miles from Hilltown, on the old road from Newry to Downpatrick, is a cromlech, the top stone of which measui^es 15 feet in length, 10,^ in breadth, and 5^ in thickness, and rests upon three stones of respectively 0^, 0(, and 8 feet in height. On the south side of the cromlech, and partly under it, is a kind of cidl oi trough, about 8 feet long, 3 wide, and 3 high. The discovery from time to time of a great quantity of bones of a gigantic size in the inmiediate vicinity, has been construed by the peasantry into a sanction of a popular legend, ''that this cell was the bed

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Cromlechs near Carlow and Hacketstown

Carlow · townland · Carlow

The only pagan antiquities of interest in County Carlow are cromlechs situated near Carlow and Hacketstown. No other pagan antiquities in the county are noted as being of interest.

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Chief Families and Antiquities."] — The oldest families of the county are the MacMorough Kavanaghs, the O'Ryans, the O'Nohins, and the O'Mores : next are the Duvals, the St. Aubins, the De La Fraynes, the De Berminghams, the De Carews, the De La Landes, the Graces, and the Butlers; and since the time of Elizabeth, are the Bagnals, the Eustaces, the Burtons, the O'Briens of Thomond, the Ponsonbys, the Hamiltons, the Cokes, the Bernards, the Vigors, the Vicars, the Burdetts, the Bunburys, the Beresfords, the Bruens, the Bagots, and the Brownes. Among the chief landed proprietors are the Kavanaghs, the Bruens, the Burtons, and the Rocheforts The only pagan antiquities of any interest are cromlechs near Oirlow and Hacketstown ; and the only ecclesiastical one is the cathedral church of Leighlin. The chief castellated or military structures are the castles of Carlow, TuUow, and Leighlin-Bridge, all ascribed to De Lacey ; the castles of Clonmore and Cloghgrenan, both belonging to the Butlers ; and some traces of Donald Spaniagh Kavanagh, — that turbulent chief who, at the close of the I6th century, dared to assert the rights of the long-exploded sovereignty of Dermod MacMurrough.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 188

Cromlechs of Burren and surrounding baronies

Burren · townland · Clare

Cromlechs occur chiefly in the Burren barony and occasionally in others. The principal cromlechs are located at Ballygannor, Lemenagh, Kilneboy, Tullynaplashin, Ballykisshen, and Mount Callan.

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Cromlechs occur chiefly in Burren, and occasionally in the other baronies. The principal are at Ballygannor, Lcnienagh, Kilnel)oy, Tullvnaglashin, Ballykisshen, and Mount (Lallan. — Round towers occur on Innis- CATTKRY and Inniscalthra, and at Dromcliffe, DvHKHT, and Kilnebot : and will be noticed in the
articles on these localities Towers, fortalices, cas-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Cromwellian fortification at Bantry by Ireton

Bantry · town · Cork · 1649–1660

In the time of Cromwell, Ireton erected a fortification with four regular bastions on a site to the north of the original settlement of Ballygobbin. The fortification's construction induced inhabitants to build nearby, creating an Old Town and New Town, but when the fort fell into disrepair the population returned to the old site and the town became known as Bantry.

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The original town was called Ballygobbin; and occupied the site of the present town. A fortification, with four regular bastions, was, in the time of Cromwell, erected by Ireton on a site to the north ; and its erection induced the inhabitants to build in* its vicinity. Ballygobbin then took the names of the Old Town and the New Town. But when the fortification was abandoned and became dilapidated, the* population wholly returned to the old site, and called the town Bantry, from its being the chief settlement of the barony. Dermot O'Sullivan Bere, who died in 1466, built on the shore, in the vicinity, a beautiful small monastery for Franciscan friars. Though both Apchdall and Dr. Smith say that, before they wrote, this edifice was wholly demolished, we believe that some fragments of it, surrounded by its cemetery, are still to be seen within Lord Bantry's demesne. The town consists chiefly of two streets running parallel with the shore, and of a transverse street ; but it is irregularly built, has amongst its houses b large proportion ot squalid cabins or huts, and presents m its interior view^ an unattractive and even repulsive appearance. The parish-church is a plain modern structure, with a belfry. The Roman Catholic chapel — the chief ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic parish of Bantry, in the dio. of Cork — is a building of about 120' feet long and 50 broad, with circular-beaded windows, and a ceiling of rich stucco-work, erected at the cost of nearly £3,000. The Wesleyan meeting-house is a very plain building. The Sessions-house is used for a court of general sessions in February, and a court of petty-sessione on every alternate Friday. The bridewell is kept in excellent order.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Cromwell's siege of Carrigadrohid castle, 1645

Carrigadrohid · townland · Cork · 1645

In 1645 Carrigadrohid was a strong fortress garrisoned by the Roman Catholic bishop of Ross for Charles I. Lord Broghill captured the bishop, who refused to call for surrender and was hanged; the castle was then taken by a stratagem using tree trunks mistaken for cannon.

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expressly military orif^in,— and as having been built by either the MacCarthvs or the Leary* ; and, at all events, it was a strong fortress in lG4i,and had then the credit of bafflinjj the arms of Oliver Cromwell. " The Roman Catholic bishop of Ross," says Mrs. Hall, " had pirrisoned it with an armv for Charles I. ; Cromwell despatched Lord Broghill with orders to attack and scatter the Irish in this quarter ; and ill the rout that followed — upon which the muse of Davenant has complimented his lordship — the bishop was taken prisoner. A free pardon was offered to him if he would procure the surrender of the castle, which he appeared willing to do ; he was conducted to the walls, where, instead of calling upon the Irish to admit their enemies, he boldly adjured them to hold out while one stone remained upon another; then, turning to his astonished guard, he yielded to his fate, 'whereupon' he was immediately hanged. Yet the castle was soon afterwards taken by a very weak stratagem. The English drew toward it the trunks of trees, by yoking oxen to them, which the garrison perceiving, mistook for cannon, and presently began to parley, and surrendered upon artides.**

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Crookhaven lighthouse on Rock Island

Crookhaven · townland · Cork · 1841

Crookhaven Bay in west Cork opens near Cape Clear Island and provides landlocked shelter, though its remoteness limits its use to an asylum from adverse winds. In 1841 a lighthouse was erected on Rock Island at the harbour entrance.

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Clear Inland, with a width of 2i ; and penetrates the land northward to the extent o(2\. But Crookhawn proper i<« a narrow inlet from the west ^ide of thi* hay ; strike-* off from it at right aiif^les alino^tt immediately within the entrance; and runs 1^ mile westward to a narrow i»tlunu«* which divides it from BrtHey Cove. At its head it has a depth of 18 or 20 feet ; and fiirthur out, an average depth of 20 fathoms. It offers clean anrhorape, and completely landlocked shelter ; hut, in consequence of the remoteness of it* situation, and the rocky rudeness of it* shore**, it serve-* little other purpose than that of an a^iylum from adverse winds. In 1841, a lighthouse was erected on Rock Wand. The distance of the entrance of the harhour from Mizen Head, measured in a direct line, is ahout 4 miles.
CROOKIIAVEX, a village in the parish of Kilnjoe, western divi-*ion of the harony of West Carhery, co. Cork, Munster. It stands at the head of the roirnominal harhour, 19 miles west-south-west of Skihhereen. It was once a place of considera^de liote, hut is now an ohscure fishing village. The lands around it are exceedingly rocky, and barren. Near it are the ruins of an old castle, which is variously «aid to have heen built bv the Meghans, and theb'IIeas. Area, 16 acres. Pop., in 1831, 424; in 1841.395. Houses 82.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crookhaven village castle ruins

Crookhaven · townland · Cork

Crookhaven village, at the head of its namesake harbour in west Cork, was once a place of considerable note but had become an obscure fishing village by the 1840s. Near it stand the ruins of an old castle, variously attributed to the Meghans and the O'Beas.

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CROOKIIAVEX, a village in the parish of Kilnjoe, western divi-*ion of the harony of West Carhery, co. Cork, Munster. It stands at the head of the roirnominal harhour, 19 miles west-south-west of Skihhereen. It was once a place of considera^de liote, hut is now an ohscure fishing village. The lands around it are exceedingly rocky, and barren. Near it are the ruins of an old castle, which is variously «aid to have heen built bv the Meghans, and theb'IIeas. Area, 16 acres. Pop., in 1831, 424; in 1841.395. Houses 82.
CROOKSTOWN. a demesne in the pnrish of Moviddy, barony of East Mu-.kerry, co. Cork, Mun- »ter. It belonged to the Earl of Clancarty ; but was irrecoverably lost in the rebellion of 1641 ; ami it is now the property of Robert Wairen, Esq. Its former name was Inshinihill ; and its pre»ent name was imposed by the family of Crook, who obtained po-:session of it after the Clancarty forfeiture.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crookstown demesne and the Clancarty forfeiture

Crookstown · town · Cork · 1641

The demesne of Crookstown in the parish of Moviddy, County Cork, belonged to the Earl of Clancarty but was irrecoverably lost in the rebellion of 1641. Its former name was Inshinihill; the present name was imposed by the Crook family, who obtained possession after the Clancarty forfeiture.

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CROOKSTOWN. a demesne in the pnrish of Moviddy, barony of East Mu-.kerry, co. Cork, Mun- »ter. It belonged to the Earl of Clancarty ; but was irrecoverably lost in the rebellion of 1641 ; ami it is now the property of Robert Wairen, Esq. Its former name was Inshinihill ; and its pre»ent name was imposed by the family of Crook, who obtained po-:session of it after the Clancarty forfeiture.
CROO.M, a parish partly within the barony of Upper Connello, partly within that of Pubblebrien, but chiefly within that of Coshma, co. Limerick, ]Munster. * The Coshma section contains the town of CnooM : see next article. Area of the Connello section, 288 acres ; of the Pubblebrien section. 2,343 acres ; of the Co>»hma section, 10,806 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 6.978; in 1841, 7.097. Houses l,05o Pop. of the Connello section, in 1831, 99; in 1841, 88. Hou-ies 13. Pop. of the Pubblebrien sedion, in 1831. 1.386; in 1841, 1.437. Houses 223. Pop. of the rural districts of the Coshma section, in 1831, 4,225: in l&ll, 4.102. Houses 611. 'i'he surface is part of the rich, flat vale of the river Muig; and is pleasingly variegated by the low but interesting height of Tory-Hill. The road from Limer ck hither ramifies from the Limerick and Adure road at Patrick's- Well. Among the mansions are Caherass, David Roche, Esq. ; Tuoreen, Jrimes D. Lyons, E*q. ; and Cherry-Grove, Mr.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Croom's heathen origins and Fitzerald castle

Croom · town · Limerick

Croom's name is linked to the Druidical god Crom or Taran, the Thunderer, and some Druidical remains are traceable nearby. An old castle at the town was the residence of the Fitzeralds and gave them their war-cry of 'Croom-a-boo'; the proprietor John Croker fitted up a comfortable residence within its walls.

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made a con-<picuou9 figure in verv early timef. "Tht very name of Croom," remark Mr. aiid Airs. Hall, *' is redolent of its heathen origin, «« a Ufmple of the ruler of the Irish gods, the formidalile Ooom, or Tarran, the Thunderer." Some Druidical remains are traceable in its vicinity. An old castle at the town was the residence of the Fitx^eralds, and furnished them with their war-cry of Croaa-a-boo; and within its walls, the present proprietor, John Croker, Esq., of Ballinaguard, baa fitted up a confortable residence. * At Carrigeen, about a mile to the west, are the remains of a pillar tower, «rbidi have generally es^caped notice. Area 37 acre*. Pop., in I83I. 1,268 ; in 1841, 1,470. Hou«ea 20a Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 113; in manufactures and trade, 1 13 ; in other punruita. 80. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 7; on the directing of labour, 116; mithrir own manual labour, 151 ; on means ikot rpedfie«l, 32.
CROSS, a village in the parish of Kilballyovrea, in the barony of Moyarta, co. Clare, Muii-ter. Area* 14 acres. Fop., in 1841, 15a Houses 2a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crossmolina parish church built in 1818

Crossmolina · town · Mayo · 1818

The parish church at Crossmolina was built in 1818 using funds raised by parochial assessment and a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. It had 600 sittings and an attendance of 65.

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Killalla. The vicaragei of Crossmolina, Adder- GOOLE, KiLFYAN, and Magaunaoh [see thene articles], constitute the benefice of Crossmolina. Length, 16^ miles; breadth, 4|. But the length, a-i thu4 stated, is exclusive of 5^ miles of wajite moun- ^ tain. Pop., in 1831, 25.841. Gross income, £604 ; nett, £514 lis. 4d. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds atsio the sinecure prebend of £rrew. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church was built, in 1818, by means of £1,281 4^. 7<^d., raised by parochial assessment, and £923 I*. 6\d. borrowed from the lute Hoard of Firiit Fruit<«. Sittings GOO; attendance (15. A private house in Miigaunugh is used as a parochial place of worship. A Wesleyan meeting-house has an attendance of 90. Two Roman Catholic chapcU in (!!ro»smolinH parish have jointly an attendance of 1,800; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. There are 4 other Roman Catholic chapels in other districts of the benefice. In 18^. the Protestants of the parish amounted to 834, and the Roman Catholics to 11,488; the Protestants of the union to 1,375, and the Roman Catholics to 26,363 ; a Sunday school in the parish was averagely attended by 51) children ; 13 daily schools in the parish had on their books 691 boys and 3S5 girls ; and 26 daily schools in the union had 1,140 boys and 548 girls. Three of the daily schools in the parish were aided with a graduated allowance from the Irish Society ; one, with about £4 a-year from the Irish Society ; one, with about £6 from the Irish Society, about £6 from local subscription, £*10 from Mrs. Palmer, and advantages worth £\0 from the late Mrs. Palmer; one, with £\2 from the Baptist Society ; and one, with £0 from the Irish Society, and £8 from the National Board.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crossna village overlooking Lough Key and Rockingham

Crossna · townland · Roscommon

The village of Crossna stands on the crest of a hill near the north shore of Lough Key, commanding a superb view southward over the lake, the woods and demesne of Rockingham, and the adjacent low country.

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CROSSNA, a village in the parish of Ardcame, barony of Boyle, co. Roscommon, Connaught. It fitands on the crest of a hill, within three-fourths of a mile of the north shore of bough Key, and about 3^ miles south-west of Keadue. Its site commands a superb view southward of Lough Key, the woods
and demesne of Rockingham, and the adjacent low country. Here is a large Roman Catholic chapel. Pop. returned with the parish.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crosspatrick church built in 1828

Crosspatrick · parish · Wicklow · 1828

The church of Crosspatrick was built in 1828 by means of a gift of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits. It had 240 sittings and an attendance of 45.

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of Ferns. Tithe composition, £217 16^. I Ud. The rectories of CrosspatnclQ and Kilcommon [*ee that article], constitute the benefice and the prebend of Crosspatrick. Length, 8 miles ; breadth, 8). Pop., in 1831, 4,969. Gross income, £674 15s. 5d.; nett, £578 6s. 5d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a salary of £75. The church of Crosspatrick was built in 1828, by means of a gift of £900 from the lute Board of First Fruits. Sittings 240 ; attendance 4-^ There is a church also in Kilcommon ; and there are 3 Roman Catholic chapels in the union. In 1834* the Protestants of the parish amounted to 436, and the Roman Catholics to 1,063; the ProtestonU of the union to 1,226, and the Roman Catholics to 3,650; 2 daily schools in the parish— one of which was salaried with £6 from Lord Fitawilliam — bod on their books 100 boys and 75 girls ; and 7 daily schoohi in the union had 290 boys and 165 girls.
CROSSPLATTEN, a h»mlet m the parish of Duleek, barony of Lower Duleek, co. Meatb, Leinster. Pop., in 1831, 79.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crouched Friars priory at Castle-Dermot

Castledermot · town · Kildare · 1199–1216

A priory of Crouched Friars was founded at Castle-Dermot in the reign of King John by Walter De Riddlesford, and was given at the dissolution to Sir Henry Harrington. Its architectural fragments proved superior to most buildings of its class, with a particularly large and beautiful east window.

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distance from the monastery, is often called St. John's castle ; and is associated, in popular tradition, with the name of the Knights' Templars, as alleged founders of a monastic institution, or religious hospital A priory of Crouched Friars was founded in
the reign of John, by Walter De Riddlesford, and given, at the dissolution, to Sir Henry Harrington. Some architectural fragments, which not long ago existed, of the priory, proved to be much superior in architecture to most buildings of its class ; and the east window, in particular, is said to have been large and of beautiful workmanship.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Crovehy mountain in the granite plain of Boylagh

Crovehy · townland · Donegal

Crovehy, a mountain in the barony of Boylagh, Co. Donegal, rises to 1,033 feet above sea level and is the principal height in the great, dismal, chaotic, turbulated granite plain of Boylagh. It is a notable landscape feature of the region.

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BOYLAGH, a barony on the west coast of eow Donegal, Ulster. It is bounded on the west and north by the Atlantic ocean ; on the north-east by the Guidore river, which separates it from Kilmacrenan ; on the east by Rapboe ; and on the soiitk by Bannagh. Area, 158,480 acres. It includes the district of the Rosses in the north, and 12 inhabited islands, besides islets and insulated rocks, off the west coast. The estuaries of the Guidore and the Guibarra, the bays of Dungloe and Tyeenagh, and numerous unnavigable sandy marine inlets^ cat its seaboard into a constant and intricate series of variously outland peninsulse. A great undulating plain or champaign territory of granite constitutes Ha western district, and exhibits an irksome and almoat uniform surface of dark peat, dotted Mrith lougUeti or ponds, and slightly variegated with patches of tillage around the cabins. Crovehy, whose suamiit has an altitude of 1,033 feet above sea-level, is the highest ground in this wild and dreary traieti and the small and utterly sequestered village of DoQi^Oi^
BOY

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

Crumlin flour-mills on the Camlin, Co. Antrim

near Crumlin · town · Antrim · 1765–1846

Extensive flour-mills stand on the Camlin river beside Crumlin town, successors of the first flour-mill erected in this part of the country by Mr. Heyland in 1765. By the mid-1830s they produced around 2,200 tons of wheat flour annually and continued to export flour and oatmeal to Scotland and England.

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CRUMLIN. a small market and post town in the parish of Camlin, baronv of Upper Massarene, co. Antrim, Ulster. It is situated on the verge of the parish, on the Camlin river, and on the road from Banbridge to Coleraine, 2 miles east of the head of a bay of Lough Neagh. 5| miles south of Antrim, 9} north- north-east of Lur^an, 10 west by north of Belfast, and 77 north of Dublin. It is a neat, regularly built, and pretty little town ; and con^i^ts of one long and spac*ious street, extending parallel with the river, and a smaller street, going off from th« centre of the former, and extending along the road to Antrim. It contains a Presbyterian meetinghouse, and a Roman Catholic chapel. Its dispensary is within the Antrim Poor-law union, and has a district of 48,644 acres, with a pop. of 5.330; and, in 1839-40, it expi'nded £106, and made 4,161 disp>en« sations of medicine. A market is held on the firi»t Friday of every month ; and fairs are held on July 23 and Nov. 20. At the embouchure of the Camlin river is a wharf for commanding the ramified navigation of Lough Neagh and its connected canals. The town is on the estate of Col. Heyland; and owes mo^t of its prosperity to the instrumentality d his fostering care. Adjacent to it are Glendarrag hhousc, the handsome mansion of Col. Heyland, and Ben Neagh, the modem and beautifully situated villa of J. Macauley, Esq.; in the %'icinity^are the rillas of Thistleborougb, J. Whittle, Esq., — Gobrana, J. Whitla, Esq., _«nd Cherry- Valley, C. W. Arastronf:« Esq. ; and on the penuisula which siTeens the north side of Sandy bay, is Laiigford Lodge, the beautiful seat of the Hon. Gen. Pukenhain. On the Camlin, beside the town, are very extensive flour-mills, th« successors of the first flour-mill in this part of thn country erected by Mr. Heyland, in 1765, aud nowr the property of the Messrs. Macauley. These mills, al>out 20 yfars ago, manufadure^l about 2,200 ton* of wheat dour anuually, besides large quantitiet ol
CRU

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crumlin River famed for petrifying qualities and early flour-mill

near Crumlin · town · Antrim · 1705–1841

The Camlin or Crumlin rivulet in Co. Antrim rises on the west side of Divis mountain and flows into Lough Neagh. It is famed for its supposed petrifying qualities and drove the wheel of the first flour-mill known in that part of the country, erected in 1705 by Mr. Hyland, and now propels the extensive flour and oatmeal mills of Messrs. Macauley.

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CAMLIN, or Crumlin (The), a rivulet of co. Antrim, UNter. It rises on the west side of Devis mountain, and flows about 7 or 8 miles westward to t!ie head of a bay about the middle of the east side of Lough Neagh. This stream is famed for its supposed petrifying qualities [See Neagh, Lough]; it drove the wheel of the first flour-mill known in this part of the country, and erected, in 1705, by Mr. Hi'vland ; and it now propels the machinery of the exten-ive flour and oatmeal mills of Messrs. Macauley.
CAMLIN, or Crumlin, a parish in the barony of rppcr Mas>arene, 1^ mile north of Glenavy, co. Antrim, Ulster. It contains the small town of Crum- j Mv, and part of the village of Glenayt: see these i articles. Lenj^th, 4 miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, 6,417 acres. Pop., m 1841, of the whole, 2,157; of the rural (li>trict'i, 1,508. Houses, in the whole, 397 ; in the rural districts, 282. The ecclesiastical parish is niurh less extensive than the civil one, and contained, in IKJI, a pop. of 1,274. The surface extends along tlie south side of the Camlin rivulet to Lough Neagh; and the parochial limits are understood to include, in arldition to the territorial area we have stated, 708 j««T»'s, I rood, 4 perches of the area of the lake, j Tlie land \m< prevailingly a clayey soil, and is, for ' the mo-t part, arable. The seats in the environs of j ( 'rutnlin town, though not all in the parish, are Glen- I darraifh, tlie beautiful seat of C^l. Heyland, — Ben- j Ni-ai^h, J. Macauley, Esq., — Thistleborough, J. I Whittle, K-q.. — Gobrana, J. Whitla, Ej.q,, — and ("hcrry Valley, C. W. Armstrong, Esq. The iu- i tcrior is traversed northward by the joint-road from >e\vry, and from uiu>t parts of the county of Armagh I

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

Crumlin village burned and Williamite camp, Co. Dublin

Crumlin · townland · Dublin · 1594–1690

The site of part of Crumlin village is said to have been anciently occupied by a heathen temple. The manor was one of four royal manors in county Dublin, long held by the Purcell family. The village was burned in 1594 by Gerald Fitzgerald's Wicklow rebels, and in 1690 King William encamped there and issued his proclamation against James II's brass currency.

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CRUMMV, or Cromlin, a village in the above parish, stands 2} miles fouth-west of Dublin. It contains several handsome dwellings, and was not very long ago a place of fashionable residence; but it has suffered from the caprice of fashion, and has fallen into neglect and comparative desolation. The church is a neat plain buildin;^:. attached toanold tower in the pointed style of architecture. The Crumlin di-ipensiiry i*. within the South Dublin Poor-law union, and has a district containing a pop. of about 4,0(X); and, in 1839, its receipts amounted to .£1 15 lOs., and its expenditure to £98 12s. 3d. The site of part of the village is said to have been ariciently occupied by a heathen temple. The manor was one of four royal manors in the county mentioned in the Chronicles of Uollinshed ; the other three being Saggard, Esker, and Newcastle. The Purcell family long held the manor, as well as much the larger part of the other lands of the pari>h ; and the mansion which they inhabited is a substantial structure, not very agreeably situated. In 1594, the village was burned by Gerald, brother of Walter-Reai;h Fitzgerald, then at the head of the Wicklow rebels. In 1690, King William encamped here with his army, settled the method of granting protections, and issued his proclamation for depreciating the brass currency of James II. Area of the village, 21 acres. Pop., in 1831, 544 ; in 1841, 268. Houses 39.
CRUMP, or Ellen-a-Green, an island near the entrance of Ballmakill Harbour, barony of Ballinahinch. CO Galway, Connaught. Area, 70 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Crypt beneath Buttevant monastery chancel

Buttevant · town · Cork

A crypt beneath the chancel of the Buttevant Franciscan monastery is noted as a very unusual feature in old ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland. Faint traces of frescoes on the monastery walls are also mentioned, though praised by Archdall but found to have little merit.

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BUTTEVANT, a post and market town in the above parish, stands on the river Awbeg, and on the mail-road from Limerick to Cork, 3^ miles west of Doneraile, 6 north of Mallow, 7J south by east of Charleville, and I21| south-west by south of Dublin. Though now a decayed and poor place, it was formerly a town of importance and opulence, surrounded by walls, governed by a corporation, and rendered a scene of stir and concourse by the presence of opulent monastic communities. The wrecks of monasteries and churches, which must once have imparted to its streets an unusual show of ecclesiastical splendour, are now moumfullv intermixed with masses of humble tenements. The monastery for Conventual Franciscans, founded by the family of Barry, some time prior to the year 1290, still exhibits somewhat extensive remains. A handsome quadrangular tower, which rose from its centre, and formed its principal feature, fell about 22 years ago, and lies prostrate in heaps of rubbish ; but the walls of the choir and nave, as well as various subordinate pieces of masonry, still stand, and display man^ traces of skill and taste in the pointed style of architecture. A chapel of the Virgin, on the south side of the nave, contains numerous monuments and inscriptions of the Barrys, the Fitzgeralds, the Butlers, and other families. A crypt — a very unusual feature in the old ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland — occurs beneath the chanccL Some frescoes on the walls of the monastery are praised by Archdall, but appear, from the faint traces of them which remain, to have had no merit. A large heap of skulls and hones at the entrance of the monastery are said to be tho^e of persons who fell at the battle of Knockuinoss in 1647, fought by the parliamentarian army under Lord Inchiquin, and the Irish forces under Lord Taafe. See Knockninoss A little northwest of the monastery, and within its buryingground, is a square tower, called the tower of Cullen, which is traditionally said to have been the erection and retreat of an Earl of Desmond, and which probably was u<«cd as a place of security for the goods and persons of the monks in times or violence— Near the abbey, in another direction, are iiome unimportant vestiges of a building, supposed to have been a nunnery, but not authentically known to any dociunent — Two churches, dedicated res^pectively to St. Bridget and the Virgin Mary, and situated within one cemetery, have disappeared. The pre'ient church is ornamented with a steeple ; and has, in its interior, a long monumental inscription to the family of Watkins of Ballymee and Waterpark.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

Cuaigna Maddy and Squire's Carn mountains above Moville

Moville · town · Donegal

Two mountains at the north-east extremity of the barony of Inishowen, with an altitude of 1,050 feet, shelter Moville from westerly gales. Their summits command a magnificent view of Lough Foyle, the shores of Magilligan, and part of the Inishowen peninsula.

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CUAIGNA.MADDY ajtd SQUIRE'S CARN. two mountains behind Morille, and at the north-east extremity of the barony of Innishowen, co. Donegal, Ulster. Ther have an altitude of 1,050 feet, and shelter Moville from westerly gales ; and their iummitA command a magnificent view of Lough Foyle, the shores of Magilligan, and part of the peninsuU of Iiinishowen.
CRAIGS ROCKS, a range of rocks a little east of Duriloy Hill, and about 5 miles south-east of Ballymoney, co. Antrim, Ulster. They contain some artihcial caves and Druidical remains, and command a good view of part of the ralley and flanking heights ot the Lower Bann.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Culdaff village description, circa 1819

Culdaff · townland · Donegal · 1819–1841

The village of Culdaff, also called Milltown, stands on the Culdaff river in County Donegal. Around 1819 it consisted of a church, a schoolhouse, a mill, and about nineteen cottages.

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CULDAFF, a parish, containing a village of the same name, on the north coast of the barony of In* nishowen, 8 miles north-north-west of MoviUe, co. Donegal, Ulfrter. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 5; area, 20,089 acres, I rood, 28 perches, — of which 512 acre«, 2 roods, 29 perches, are fresh lacustrine water, and 42 acres, 3 roods, 4 perche«, are tideway in the Culdaff river. Pop., in 1831, 5.995 ; in. 1841, 5,883. Houses 984. It is cut into two separate parts by an intersection, about a mile wide, of the parish of Cloncha ; and it extends along the Atlantic, about mid-distance between Malin Head and Innishowen Head. The surface consists variously of gooil land, inferior land, low isleted bog, and coarselyverdured or heathy mountain. A great expanse of low boir extends along the shore, and is interspersed throughout with cultivated knolU, called the Isles of Grcelagh. The most extensive bog is that of Drumley; and both this and others of smaller extent, abound in buried pines and oaks, and produce good fiK'l. The principal mountains are Crucknanionau, Cionkeen, Carthage, and Croagh ; and tliey are covered with black heath, thinly interspersed with coarse grass, which yields a scanty summer gnising to cattle. Clay, bog, and limestone are generally so near one another among the arable lands, as jointly, with the abundance of sea manures, to oflTer every facility for georgical improvement and fertiliiing culture. A lake at Moneyderragh abounds with char. The Culdaff rivulet issues from a loughlet near Crucknanionan, and, after many circumvolutions, falls, 4 miles to the north-east, into CuldafT bay. This bay is a large open roadstead extending from Dunmore to Glengad ; and though occasionally visited by vet^sels in summer, is very unsafe in atomK, or during nearly the whole of wmter. A circular earthen fort occurs at Cashel ; two small unin^ribed stone-crosses, at Baskill : the remnant of a fort on the steep isolated rock of Dunowan, half-a-mile north of the embouchure of the Culdaff rivulet ; and a cromlech, near Kindrahad. The mansions are Culdaffhouse, Mr. Young ; and Grouse-hall, Mr. Butler. The village of Culdaff or Milltown stands on the Culdaff river ; and consisted, 27 years ago, of the church, a schoolhouse, a mill, and 19 cottagei. Fairs are held on Feb. 10, May 10, Aug. 10, and Nov. 10. The Culdaff dispensary is within the Carndonagh Poor-law union, and has a district of 39.732 acres, with a pop. of 12,91 1 ; and, in 1839, it expended £109 4'*., and administered to 2,420 patients. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 133. Houses 27.. The principal roads lead from tbe village toward respectively Malin, Greencastle, and Londonderry. The road hither from Moville, runt along the south side of Squire's Cairn, and through a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Culmore Fort and its role in 17th-century conflicts

near Culmore · town · Derry · 1556–1840

Culmore Fort, on the west shore of Lough Foyle, was probably built by the O'Dohertys in the 16th century and was in Crown possession by 1556. It was captured by Sir Cahir O'Doherty in 1608, rebuilt in 1616, played a prominent part in the siege of Derry, and eventually surrendered to James II. Its rectangular tower, earthen ramparts and ditch survived into the 1840s.

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CULMORE, a townland, claiming to be extraparochial, but usually regarded as the northern corner of the parish of Templemore, in the Liberties of Londonderry, Ulster. It lies along the west shore of Lough Foyle, 4( miles north by east of Londonderry. The fort of Culmore made a prominent figure in the stirring and important events of the 17th century. The original fort is of unascertained date, but was probably erected in the 16th century by the O'Dohertys, and was in the possession ot the Crown so early as 1556 ; and it was captured by Sir Cahir O'Doherty in 1608, and granted to the London Corporation in 1609. The present fort WAS built, or greatly enlarged and remodelle<l from the original one, in 1G16; and it acted a prominent part in the celebrated siege of Derry, and was eventually surrendered to the army of James II. Though unoccupied as a military station during the la^t 150 years, it still pre!«erves, to some extent, its original character and form. ** The barrack and aNo the parapet wall which surrounded the tower," says the Reporter of the Ordnance Survey, ** have both disappeared ; but the earthen rampart, and ditch, which, extending across the tongue of land, defended the fort on the land side, still exist, and hiive been partly planted by Anderson M*Causland, E«q., whose father, Abraham, saved the tower from ruin by a temporary repair at his own expense in 1785; and General Hart, soon after his appointment to the governorship of the fort, al)out the year 1824, repaired it in a permanent manner. This tower is rectangular, and measures 25^ feet by 24 : the walls are 6 feet thick ; and consist of three floors or stories.*' The governorship of the fort was continued as ii sinecure, and, in 1756, was united to tliut of the city of Londonderry. The church of I'ulniore s«eeni> to have been built for the u<e of the Prote^'tHMt garrison of the fort ; and, during the s-iege of Londonderry, was occupied as the hospital of the be>ieging army. It consisted of a nave and a transept, respectively 54 and 46 feet in length ; and of a square steeple rising from the west end. The walls of the whole pile, excepting the we>t end, are still standing. See Londokderrt and Templemore.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Cumberland Monument in Duke Square, Birr

Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1747

A Doric pillar 50 feet high, topped by a lead statue of the Duke of Cumberland in Roman costume, stands in Duke-square in Birr. It was erected in 1747 to commemorate the suppression of the Scottish rebellion at Culloden, and is believed to be the only public architectural monument of that event in the three kingdoms.

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General Description.'] — Birr is both ihe ancient and the popular name of the town ; and Parsonstown is its name of etiquette, imposed in honour of its proprietors, the Parsons, Earls of Rosse. Till it became the Parsons' property, it was a small, mean village; but, under their fostering care, it has become a well-built, populous, commercial, prosperous town, the residence of many respectable families, the seat of a considerable inland trade, and the site of several interesting public buildings. The modern parts are regularly disposed in good, urban-looking streets and squares. In the central and chief open area, called Duke-square, is a Doric pillar, 50 teet high, surmounted by a full-length pedestrian statue, cast in lead, stone-coloured, and invested with Roman costume, of William, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II. This monument is rather curious than ornamental; it was erected in 1747 to commemorate the suppression of the Scottish rebellion, by the vie tory of Culloden, and is, we believe, the only public architectural monument of that event in the three kingdoms. The parish-church is built of stone, in a highly enriched modification of the pointed stvle ; and sends aloft a tower to the height of 100 feet. The Roman Catholic chapel, founded by Lord Oxroantown, built in 1817, and liberally aided in its erection by Protestants as well as Roman Catholics, is a large and imposing edifice of hewn limestone, in similar style to the parish-church, and ornamented with a spire 124 feet high. The dissenting or semi- Protestant Roman Catholic chapel strongly fixes attention as, in a moral or religious respect, an unique Irish novelty ; and originated in the simple change introduced by the Roman Catholic clergymen, the Messrs. Crotty, of conducting public service in English instead of Latin. Had these gentlemen adopted, farther west or south-west, in Mayo, Clare, or Kerry, the expedient of substituting Erse for Latin, they could scarcely have been supported with more enthusiasm than what hailed their innovation at Birr. Several bridges, within the town or adjacent to it, span the Birr and the Little Brosna streams. A suite of barracks, about three-fourths of a mile distant, has accommodation for three regiments of infantry; and attached to it is an esplanade of 60 acres, for drilling and reviews. A bridewell, the only prison in the county except the county-gaol at Tullamore, was originally proposed to be used as a place for short confinements, but is scarcely fit for the reception of even the most temporary prisoners. It has only 2 day-rooms, 6 cells, 3 solitary cells, and 2 yards ; and is very far from being well maintained or in good order. A sessions-house is the seat both, of the general court of quarter-sessions, and of a monthly court-baron of the manor, — the latter held on the first Monday of every month. A public

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

Curlew Mountains: limestone crags and mural precipices

near Curlew Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Roscommon

The Curlew Mountains straddle the counties of Roscommon and Sligo, with their watershed forming the county boundary. Their summits are narrow enough to overlook Lough Arrow in Sligo and Loughs Skeen and Meelagh in Roscommon within minutes, and their crest features curiously piled limestone masses and sheer mural precipices dropping into dark ravines.

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CURLENV MOUNTAINS, a range of mountains in the counties of Roscommon and Sligo, Connaught. Their northern declivities are in Sligo ; their southern declivities are in Roscommon ; and their water- Fhed is the boundary-line between the counties. The name is variously applied to the part of the range which acuminates nearly due north of Boyle, and to the extensions and offshoots of this central nucleus. The summits attain a considerable height ; and are, in some parts, so narrow that a spectator may within a few minutes look down first on Lough Arrow in Sligo, and next on Loughs Skecn and Meelagh in Roscommon. Limestone, as well as sandstone, belongs to their composition ; and on the crest of the ridge, especially on the Sligo side, it frequently occurs in large disrupted masses curiously piled up, and forms in other places long mural precipices, which are remarkably straight, and break sheer down into the dark ravines. The southern declivities of the mountains appear at the distance of I or 1^ mile from Hoyle ; and there, though seeming to the eye to be inconsiderable in height, they present a lovely spectacle, — houses sprinkled far up their sides, cultivation annually approaching their very crest, and either tillage, pasturage, or arboriculture, laying their whole surface under contribution.
CITRN AS ASE. a village in the parish of Duleen, barony of Upper Kells, co. Meath, Leinster. Pop., in 1H:H, 108; in 1841, not specially returned.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

Curraghmore and Besborough demesnes near Carrick-on-Suir

Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

The noble demesnes of Curraghmore and Besborough lie in the vicinity of Carrick-on-Suir parish, blending into the surrounding rich landscape of the Suir valley.

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C ARRICK-ON-SUIR, a parish, containing a town of the same name, at the south-east extremity of the barony of East lifa and Offa, and of co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, in the direction of east by south, 3^ miles ; breadth, 1 ; area, 2,426 acres, 3 perches, — of which 12 acres, 14 perches are in the river Sair. Pop., in 1831, 7,455; in 1841, 9,165. Houses 1,367« Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 5-23; in 1841, 796. Houses 116. The parish is known also by the name of St. Nicholas. The river Suir traces the southern boundary, and the river Lennan the eastern ; the first abounds in excellent salmon ; and both produce trout, pike, and eels. The parochial surface is all a part of the nearly level valley of the Suir, — part of an expanse of it which, for luxuriance, fertility, and garden-like embellish, mcnt and beauty, is not surpassed by any ground in the three kingdoms. The mansions of Tinvane, Briscoe, Esq., and Lodge, Mandeville, Esq., and various villas, are within the parish ; and the noble demesnes of Curraghmore and Besborough, as well as other rich grounds and seats, are so nearly in the
vicinity as to blend in the landscape This parish is

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195

Curraghmore: Marquis of Waterford's demesne and ancient castle

Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

Curraghmore, the demesne of the Marquis of Waterford in Co. Waterford, comprises about 4,000 acres of the vale and hill-screens of the Clodagh, half-covered in woodland. The front approach runs through an extraordinary court-yard flanked by offices and closed by the front of an ancient castle surmounted by a stag-lodged crest figure.

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CURR AGHMORE, the demesne of the Marquis of Waterford, chiefly in the parish of Clonegam, barony of Upperthird, 2 miles south of the river Suir, and 10} west-north-west of Waterford, co. Waterford, Munst«r. It consists of m section of the vale and hill-screens of the Clodagh, the small vales of tributary rills of that stream, and a portion of the golden valley of the Suir. Its area is about 4,000 acres ; and is covered over at least half of its extent with wood. Its character is grandeur, — not so much the superbfiess of princely embellishment, as the gorgeous magnificence of nature. Its features consist of lofty bills, rich vales, and almost impenetrable woods ; and present every variety of attraction to the man of taste, from the far-seeing summit of a panoramic mountain, to the sequestered and umbrageous walk in the close dell of a purling rivulet. The front approach to the mansion lies through an oblong court-yard of extraordinary dimensions, flanked by two magnificent ranges of oflices, and closed at the farther end by the front of the ancient castle, surmounted by a figure larger than life of * a stag lodged,' — the Le Poer or Beresford crest. The mansion itself is contiguous to the rear of the castle, and is a splendid and commodious pile, erected by the grandfather of the present Marquis ; but it necessarily has no front view, and can be a|^preciated, as to its imposing extent, only when seen from the grounds behind. Its rear commands a series of splendid views, extending over woods which seem like a vast forest, to mountains which cut a lofty sky-line on the horizon. See Cx^neoa.m.
CURRAGHMORE, a bog on the east border of the barony of Athlone, I mile north-north-west of the town of Athlone, co. Roscommon, Connaught. Length, 2^ miles ; area, 2,647 acres ; average depth, 22 feet. It is hounded, on the north, by the high ridge of Curraghmore ; and, on the east, by Lough Ree and the river Shannon. It is for the most part extremely wet, and contains several ponds or loughlets near its summits. Estimated cost of recUmation* i- 2,780 lis. m.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

Currin parish church built with Board of First Fruits grant, c.1813

Currin · parish · Monaghan · 1813

The church in the parish of Currin, County Monaghan, was built around 1813 with the aid of a gift from the late Board of First Fruits. It had 400 sittings and an attendance of 160.

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CURRIN. a parish. 3} miles louth-fouth-imt of Clones, and lying partly in the barony of Coole, CO. Fermanagh, but chiefly in the baronjr of Dartry, co. Moiiaghan, Ulster. Jjength, 6 miles; breadth, 3. Area of the Fermanagh leetioii, 385 acres ; of the Monaghan section, 10.957 acres. Popk of the whole, in 1831, 7,180; in 1841. M2S. Houses 1.170. Pop- of the Monaghan section, ia 1831.6.888; in 1811.6,697 Houses 1,132. The surface is nowhere mountainous ; it has. principalljr about its centre, a considerable extent of bog; it consists for the most part of good land ; it u variegated by 13 lakes ; it contains the large and beautiful demesne of Hilltown-house. and the small demesnes of Lauret-Hill, Kelly fargy, Scot'i-house, and Sandhills; and it is traversed by the ruada fromClooes toward respectively Cavan and Dublin. The villagei are Scot's-uousb and Drum: see these articlet. Hilltown-house. the handsome seat of Col. Madden, stands in the midst of highly improved and ta^tefuUir disposed grounds, which are rich in water-scenet and plantations, and comniiand a tine view toward a mountain perspective. — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition. £400; glelie, £111 15s. 9d. The rectories of Currin and Drumkrin [see that article], constitute the benefice of Currin. Length. 8 miles ; breailth, 5. Pop.* in 1831. 10.9)1. Grois income. £695 15s. 9J. ; nett, £653 14s. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. Two curates are employed for the parish of Currin, ami one for that of Drumkrin. each at a stipend of £75. The church was built about the year 1813, by means of a irift of £461 . IOh O^d. from the late DoanI of First Fruits. Sittings 400 ; attendance 160. A chapelof-ease, in the towidand of Cortubber, adjoining the village of Drum, was built, about 13 year* ago, by means of a gift of £830 15s. 4}d from the Uie Board of First Fruits. Sittings 250; attendance 150. Two Presbyterian roeeting-houMa, the one of which was formerly of the Secession Synod, and the other of the Synod of Ulster, have an attendance of respectively 220 and 250. A Roman Catholic cba^ pel has 2 oHiciates, and an attendance of 807- Thera is a Roman (?«tholie chapel also in Drumkrin. In 1834, the inhabiUnts q( the district attached to the chapel-of-case consisted of 1,186 Churchmen, 887 Presbyterians, 10 other Protestant diiaentera, and 9(X) Roman Catholics ; the inhabitants of the whole parish of Currin consisted of 2,000 Churchmen, 9ijl Presbyterians. 10 other Protestant diaientcra, and 4.421 Roman Catholics; and the inhabttanti of Drumkrin were returned in the aaiumption of iti being a separate benefice. In the tame year, 6 Sonday schools in Currin were attended on the avenge by 321 children ; and 12 daily Mhools--3 of wfaioi were in connection with the National Board, 1 with

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

Curving creeks of the Imokilly coast

Imokilly · barony · Cork

The western half of the coast of Imokilly is gently indented with curving creeks and features a line of pleasant strand. This area contrasts with the more rugged or dangerous rocky coastlines found elsewhere.

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tions of very different character ; the eastern, from Youghal Harbour to Cork Harbour, sloping slowly down into 6ne strands ; the central, from Cork Harbour to Baltimore Harbour, terminating in bluff faces, hillocks, hills, and steep slopes, often green or wooded, and very extensively variegated with almost every kind of intersection, from the flat sandy beach to the bold rocky cliff; and the western, from Baltimore Harbour to the Kenmare estuary, presenting frequent fiicei of grand, sublime, or savage mountain, and seldom intersected to a greater extent with lowland beach than to impart pictures^ueness and beauty to a prevailing sea-barrier of imposmg highlands. Yet the immediate coast scarcely partakes of the distinctive character of these divisions of sea-board ; but occasionally presents long breastworks of rock in front of tbe low grounds, and breaks down into snug coves and pleasant beaches at the skirts of the overhanging mountains. Youghal Harbour has a tolerable anchorage without the bar, in 6 fathoms of water ; a smidl ba^, 4 miles to the south, has good anchorage and fishmg-ground, in from 5 to 12 ^thorns, within Ring Point; the extensive sweep of Ballyootton bay, and the western half of the coast of Imokilly, are gently indented with curving creeks, and have for Uie most part a line of pleasant strand; Cork Harbour is so completely landlocked, and is environed with such exquisitely picturesque shores, as to seem a lake of the most brilliant beauty, and it could accommodate the largest fleet of the Urgest vessels, and has an anchorage in 7 fathoms of water within a cable's length of the shore ; the coast, thence to Kinsale Harbour, is jagged with various creeks, the longest of which is Oyster Harbour, but it is for the most part rockv and dangerous. Kinsale Harbour has 90 feet ot water on the bar, and interior andiorage in 7 fathoms ; the two small bavs which indent the opposite sides of the peninsula ot the Old Head of Kinsale, have good anchorage in very various depth of water ; Courtmacsherry bay is unsheltered in all its great exterior sweep, and has but small depth of water over its bar ; Cloghnakilty Harbour has onlv two fathoms of water over its liar at full sea, and conidderably endangers any vessels which it embays ; Ross bay is little more than an open roail, fully exposed to tne south-west ; Glandore Harbour has a landlocked anchorage, and a depth of from 14 to SO feet in its channel ; Castlehaven Harbour has safe anchorage in 14 feet of water, but is of limited capacity; Barlogh bay, though ramified into a few small creeks, u nearly all unsheltered from the south, or across its entrance inward ; a great compound bay, bounded on the east by Cape Clear Inland, and on the west bv the promontory of Mi sen Head, is so thickly studded with islands as to be quite an archipelago, and so multitudinously ramified bv islands and peninsulc into innumerable straits ana sounds, and iMiys and creeks, as to be almost a labvrinth of land and water, yet its subdivisions of Baltimore Harbour, Innisherkin Harbour, Roaring- Water bay. Scull Harbour, and Crookhaven, all pu44«»ii varioii4 degrees of safe accommodation for merchant vei»seU ; Dunmanus bay, though 10 miles long, without a bar, and everywhere from 10 to 3i} fathoms deep, is so near the superior bay of liantry, as to be almost wholly neglected ; and Bantry bay at once presents magnificence of scenery which might captivate a savage, offers an extent of safe harbourage which might accommodate all the shipping of Europe, and contains among other subordinate harbours, the landlocked and otherwise peculiarly 6ne one of Berebavvn.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Cushendall's name origin and Ossian legends

Cushendall · townland · Antrim

Cushendall's name is variously attributed to a legendary Scot named Dallas or to Erse phrases meaning 'the foot of the river Dall' or 'the river foot of the two swans.' The village claims to be the birthplace or favourite residence of the poet Ossian, and local tradition holds that Dallas was summarily killed and buried on a patch of meadow on the bay.

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merous legends are current among the peasantry which identify various localities with probable ancient events of historical interest. See Court-.M ac- Marti.v and Latde. On the shore of the central part of the small bay of Cushendall in an agreeable patch of verdant mewl on which various versions of popular story assert Dall or Dallas, a Danish or Scotch intruder or pirate, to have been summarily cut down and buried by the sickles of a posse of reapers or by the hand of the celebrated poet OssianI (Cushendall even claims, among many other localities in Ireland and Scotland, to have been the birthplace, or at least the favourite residence, of O.ssian ; and seems to be nearly as well acquainted with hit poems as some thoroughly Celtic places in the Scottish Highlands.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

Cushendall's surrounding basaltic hills and heights

Cushendall · townland · Antrim

The environs of Cushendall feature striking basaltic ranges of pre-eminent geological interest, including the handsome hill of Lurgeidan (1,100 ft), the lofty Tievebuelli (1,235 ft), and the majestic Trostan (1,810 ft), the monarch-hill of the district.

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crSlIENDALL or NEWTowNc.LKNa, a small m irket and pO'it town in the parish of Layde, barony of Lower Glenarm. co. Antrim, TUter. It stands on the great coa^t-road of Antrim, or that usually travelleil by tourists from the south to the Giant's Can -e way, 3 miles south by west of Cu^hendun, lOJ north-north- we^t of Glenarm. and 30 north of Belfast. Its sire is on the river Dall, at the bottom of tlie kKmi of Ballymena, and somewhat less than J of a mile from the ^ea. The name Cushendall is supposed by some to have been imposed by an early Scot, railed Dallas who figures in local legendary story: and is vi,ppo.,tMl by others to be derived from either of two Er-e phrases, which mean respectively * the foot ot the river Dall.' and * the river foot of the two swans' Thi, name was substituted by Surgeon Rnhardson, tor the less euphonious and more inappropriate^ one of Newtownglens ; but was restored by Mr. Turnly. the great improver of the village and its vicinity, and has for some years been re-adopted into general u-^e. The village is one of the most neatly editieed and plea^^antly situated in the north ot Ireland ; and possesses, at once in its accommodations, it-i interior appearance, and above all in its romantic, varied, and impo-ing environs, a character worthy of its position as a favourite haltingplace on the grand route to the Giant's Causevi-ay. Its virinity abounds in objects and associations of interest to >tndents of mineralogy, antiquities, legendary literature, the elements of poetry, and the language ot nature. The basaltic ranges are singularly grand, and pre-ent features of pre-eminent attraction to the gecdogist. The surrounding heights are l>oth a muheum to the naturalist and a gallery to the painter; particularly the very handsome hill of Lurgeidan, with its verdant clothing, its chalk base, and its flat ba-altic sm„„iit, 1,100 feet high,— the lofty Tievebuelli. soaring to an altitude of 1,235 feet, and capped with n deep covering of basalt, — and the majestic Trostan, the monarch-hill of the district, fhooting aloft amidst a group of lower summits, and attaining an elevation of 1.810 feet above sea-level. See LrKtiKiH.iv. The ri'innants of Danish invasion arc prominent features o( the vicinity; some mona-tic remain- exist wiiich ha\c escaped the compiler- ot tl;c monastic hi-l«>rics of Ireland; and nu-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

Cushendall's tapering tower for confining rioters

Cushendall · townland · Antrim

Among the new buildings erected in Cushendall by its proprietor Mr. Turnly, the most extraordinary is a tall, square, tapering tower at the crossways in the centre of the village, built as a place of confinement for idlers and rioters.

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The village was described 24 years ago as consisting of 4 tolerable shops, 4 minor shops, 0 publichouses, a post-office, m barrack for 20 men, a considerable number of private houses, a corn-mill about to l)e supplanted by a market-house, a building in course of erection for a mill, a recently erected flaxmill, and a large and (convenient structure built as a mansion, and about to be converted into a hotel. But the changes which it was then undergonig were conducted by its energetic and patriotic proprietor Mr Turnly. and have been followed by m series of others under his guidance, which have materially added to at once its prosperity, its comfort, and its beauty. Among the various new buildings in miid around it, the most extraordinary and conspicuous is a tall, square, tapering tower, at the cro-sways in the centre of the village, erected as a place of coiiHnement for idlers and rioters. The bay of Cushendall is a mere creek, quite un^^heltered, and posses^ing no advantageous site for an artiticial harbour. A market for yarn is held weekly ; and fairs arc held on Feb. 14.' March 17, Mav 14, June 29, Aug. 14. Sept. 29, Nov. 14. and Dec. 22. A dispensary here is within the Ballyca-tle Poor-law union, and serves for a di<ttrict of 2f>,95'> acreo, with a pop. of 4,173; and. in 1839-40. it expended Jt'i/7 13s. 2d. and made 2.932 dispensnt ions of medicine to 984 patients. In 1*^41, the Cushendall Loan Fund had a capital of £080, circulated i:2,3.'4 in 536 loans, ami realized XI 4 Ns. of nett profit. Ai'joiniiig the village are Mount Edward, the seat of General Cuppage. and Glenville, the residence of the Rev. M. .MacAuley. Cushendall gives name to a Roman t^atholic parish in the dio. of Down and t^onnor. Area of the village, 21 acres. Pop., in 1831, 481 ; in 1841,545. Houses 79.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

Cushendun's caves in conglomerate cliff

Cushendun · townland · Antrim

About 300 yards from the mouth of the Dun river at Cushendun, beneath a cliff 1,234 feet high, lies a series of interesting caves in a rare conglomerate formation. One large cave is used for housing cattle in winter, and two serve as car-houses and boat-houses.

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Britain ; but, thoagh it may bare subsenred the intimate connection which in ancient times existed between the Irish and the Scottish Dalriada, it communicates with too remote a part of Scotland — ^the very point of the long peninsula of Kintyre — ^to be brought into subserviencv to the purposes of modem intercommunication. The Cushendun dispensary is within the Ballycastle Poor-law union, and has a district of 22,916 acres, with a population of 4,075; and, in 1839-40, it expended £77 13s. 9<)., and administered to 820 patients. Fairs are held on the first Wednesday of Feb., April, June, August, Oct., and Dec. In the vicinity are Cushendun -house, E. A. MacNeill, Esq., and the uninteresting ruins of Castle-Carey. About 300 yards from the mouth of the Dun, in a curious and rare conglomerate, beneath a cliff 1234 feet in height, are a series of interesting caves, one of which, of very considerable magnitude^ is used for housing cattle in winter, and two are used as car-houses, boat-houses, and in various other capacities. Pop. of the village not specially returned.
CUSHIER (The), a rivulet of co. Armagh, Ul- Fter. It rises near Portnorris, and not far from the centre of the county ; and runs about 1 1 miles northnorth-eastward, past the village of Clare, and through the town of Tanderagee, to the Newry Canal.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

Dangerous bar at Clonakilty Harbour

Clonakilty · town · Cork

Cloghnakilty (Clonakilty) Harbour is noted for having only two fathoms of water over its bar at full sea. This shallow depth considerably endangers any vessels which the harbour embays.

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tions of very different character ; the eastern, from Youghal Harbour to Cork Harbour, sloping slowly down into 6ne strands ; the central, from Cork Harbour to Baltimore Harbour, terminating in bluff faces, hillocks, hills, and steep slopes, often green or wooded, and very extensively variegated with almost every kind of intersection, from the flat sandy beach to the bold rocky cliff; and the western, from Baltimore Harbour to the Kenmare estuary, presenting frequent fiicei of grand, sublime, or savage mountain, and seldom intersected to a greater extent with lowland beach than to impart pictures^ueness and beauty to a prevailing sea-barrier of imposmg highlands. Yet the immediate coast scarcely partakes of the distinctive character of these divisions of sea-board ; but occasionally presents long breastworks of rock in front of tbe low grounds, and breaks down into snug coves and pleasant beaches at the skirts of the overhanging mountains. Youghal Harbour has a tolerable anchorage without the bar, in 6 fathoms of water ; a smidl ba^, 4 miles to the south, has good anchorage and fishmg-ground, in from 5 to 12 ^thorns, within Ring Point; the extensive sweep of Ballyootton bay, and the western half of the coast of Imokilly, are gently indented with curving creeks, and have for Uie most part a line of pleasant strand; Cork Harbour is so completely landlocked, and is environed with such exquisitely picturesque shores, as to seem a lake of the most brilliant beauty, and it could accommodate the largest fleet of the Urgest vessels, and has an anchorage in 7 fathoms of water within a cable's length of the shore ; the coast, thence to Kinsale Harbour, is jagged with various creeks, the longest of which is Oyster Harbour, but it is for the most part rockv and dangerous. Kinsale Harbour has 90 feet ot water on the bar, and interior andiorage in 7 fathoms ; the two small bavs which indent the opposite sides of the peninsula ot the Old Head of Kinsale, have good anchorage in very various depth of water ; Courtmacsherry bay is unsheltered in all its great exterior sweep, and has but small depth of water over its bar ; Cloghnakilty Harbour has onlv two fathoms of water over its liar at full sea, and conidderably endangers any vessels which it embays ; Ross bay is little more than an open roail, fully exposed to tne south-west ; Glandore Harbour has a landlocked anchorage, and a depth of from 14 to SO feet in its channel ; Castlehaven Harbour has safe anchorage in 14 feet of water, but is of limited capacity; Barlogh bay, though ramified into a few small creeks, u nearly all unsheltered from the south, or across its entrance inward ; a great compound bay, bounded on the east by Cape Clear Inland, and on the west bv the promontory of Mi sen Head, is so thickly studded with islands as to be quite an archipelago, and so multitudinously ramified bv islands and peninsulc into innumerable straits ana sounds, and iMiys and creeks, as to be almost a labvrinth of land and water, yet its subdivisions of Baltimore Harbour, Innisherkin Harbour, Roaring- Water bay. Scull Harbour, and Crookhaven, all pu44«»ii varioii4 degrees of safe accommodation for merchant vei»seU ; Dunmanus bay, though 10 miles long, without a bar, and everywhere from 10 to 3i} fathoms deep, is so near the superior bay of liantry, as to be almost wholly neglected ; and Bantry bay at once presents magnificence of scenery which might captivate a savage, offers an extent of safe harbourage which might accommodate all the shipping of Europe, and contains among other subordinate harbours, the landlocked and otherwise peculiarly 6ne one of Berebavvn.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Daniel O'Connell's humble birthplace

Caher · townland · Kerry

The walls of Daniel O'Connell's humble birthplace stand at the head of the Cahir river's estuary in Kerry. He was a native of this parish and, along with his kinsman Charles, contributed to the land's agricultural improvement.

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townofCAHiRCiVEEN: which see* length, 7 miles; breadth, 6; area, 19,100 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,633 ; in 1841, 6,315. Houses 1,069. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 4,461; in 1841, 4,823. Houses 854. The parish lies round Valentia Harbour, and the mouth of the Fartin river, but chieflr east and north-east of Valentia Island. Its prevailing character is that of boggy mountain. Yet though the views are wild and solitarj, the mountains go out in offsets to the very margin of the sea, and about one-half of the whole sur&ce is unprofitable, a considerable extent of land is naturally good, and much bog and moor have recentl;^ been reclaimed. A large estate, belonging to the university of Dublin, was described, upwards of half a century ago, at chiefly bog, verv reclaimable, and capable of being converted into nne meadow and pasture land. The well-known Daniel O'Connell was a native of the parish ; and both he and his kinsman, Charles O'Connell, as middlemen of much of its land, have contributed largely to its georgical improvement. The walls of the humble birth-place of D. O'Connell stand at the head of the Cahir river's estuary. Hillgrove, the neat cottage of C. O'Connell s agefit» stands a little to the west ; and Bahoss, the seat of C. O'Connell himself, stands somewhat inland. An old castle, called Littur, was built by the O'Sullivans* and afterwards possessed by a branch of the Macrehans. Ballycarbery castle stands opposite Cahirdveen: see Balltcarbert. Near Dowlas Head, whicb screens the north side of the entrance of Valentia Harbour, are several caves, — ** one of which," says Dr. Smith, " is so low as hardly to admit of a boat with a man standing up in it, but farther in, the roof is as high as that of a Gothic cathedral : in this cave there is a very small but confused echo ; but when a person speaks, the voice is so reverberated from side to side, as to seem louder than a speaking trumpet." — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Ardtert and Aghadoe. Tithe composition, £226 ITs. Id. ; glebe, £98 14s. The rectories of Cahxr, Glenbeoh, and KiLLiNANE [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Cahir. Length, 17 miles ; breadth, 7. Pop.» in 1831, 11,227. Gross income, £656 5s. 7|c]. ; nett, £596 lOs. 4jd. Patron, the Crown. One curate has a stipend of £75; and another has, in lieu of stipend, the use of Cahir glebe. The church was built, in 1815, by means of a loan of £496 di. 2^. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 70 ; attendance 40. The former church was stated by Dr. Smith, in 1776, to be the only one then in repair in the whole barony; and near it, says he, ** are the ruins of several small houses, built formerly by the neighbouring inhabitants, as places of sanctuary in time of war, which the pnvateers never plundered." The Roman Catholic chapel of Cahir has an attendance of 2,000 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels in the other parishes of the union. In 1634, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 113, and thd Roman Catholics to 5,913; the Protestants of the union to 164, and the Roman Catholics to 11,635. In the same year, the schools of the parish were a classical school supported by fees, a free-school sap^ ported by subscription, and a National school supported by £18 from the Board, £25 from Lord Lansdownc, and various sums from three members

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

Danish palace at Clondalkin

near Clondalkin · town · Dublin · 806–832

A fort or palace was erected at Clondalkin by Aulabh (Awliffe), the Danish king of Dublin, and destroyed by the Irish around 806 or 832. One hundred principal Danes were slain at its destruction; the Danish chief retaliated by ambushing 2,000 Irishmen, killing or capturing the greater number.

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The villaj^e of Clondalkix stands 4 miles southwe«t of Dublin, on the road thence to Naas. Its devious street is lined with the neatest class of the ordinary cabins of the Irish peasantry ; one of its entrances is overhung by the frowning remains of a fortified house; every point of its exterior view exhibits in commanding prominence, a pillar-tower, the nearest specimen to Dublin of the unique and curious family of ancient buildings to which it belongs ; and its immediate environs are adorned with wood, and beautified with garden, villa, and cultivated field. In the village are the parish-church, the ruins of a former church, a monastery, a schoolhouse for boys and for girls, a dispensary, a widows' almshou.<^e, and a charitable repository. The dispensary is within the South Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 8,015 acres, with a population of 3,465; and, in 1839, it expended £1 15 lOs., and administered to 1,078 patients. The parish-church is both a small and a mean building; and is remarkable only for standing lengthwise from north to south, and furnishing a practical protest against the practice, so long prevalent in prelatic communities, of building from east to west. The ruins of the old church are almost a shapeless mass; but thev indicate the edifice to have possessed comparative splendour, and prove it to have been of ample dimensions, — measuring 114 feet by 54. The pillar tower stands immediately adjacent, appears to lean slightly from the perpendicular, and is one of the plainest erections of its class in Ireland. Its height is 84 feet; its shaft is 15 feet in diameter; its basement is a solid piece of stone-work, which diminutively resembles the artificial mount of an ancient castle ; its summit is a conical capping of stone; its doorway is 12 feet from the ground ; and its apertures are 4 square ones near the summit, and two smaller ones at different stages of the ascent. A flight of steps was several years ago constructed to the doorway ; and ladders also have been placed, so as to enable the curious to reach the uppermost story. The view of the surrounding country from the apertures is extremely fine. In the cemetery is a very old stonecross. An abbey is alleged to have been built here at an early perfo<l; to have been first under the abbotcy of St. Cronan Mochua, whose festival is on Aug. 6; to have, in 859, been under the care of Cathcild, abbot and bishop; and to have been spoiled and burned severally in 832, 1071, and 1076. A fort or " palace " was erected at Clondalkin by Aulabh or Awlitfe, the Danish king of Dublin ; and n-as destroyed by the Irish, — some say in 832, — others say about 806. One hundred of the principal Danes were slain at its destruction ; and the Danish chief, in revenge, laid an ambu«cade against a body of 2,000 Irishmen, surprised them, and either put the greater number of them to the sword, or made them prisoners. So long as the Danes retained power over the maritime parts of the country, they are thought to have held Clondalkin as a fiivourite place of residence. Area of the village, 44 acres. Pop., in 1831, 756; in 1841, 505. Houses 96.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Death of Gerald, 16th Earl of Desmond, at Glanckinty wood

Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1583

In 1583, Gerald, the 16th Earl of Desmond, was killed by a common soldier in the wood of Glanckinty, about a mile from Castle Connell, while in rebellion against the Crown. This event ties the wooded landscape near the town to a key moment in the Desmond rebellions.

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1397, Gerald, fourth Earl of Desmond, commonly called the Poet, is said to have been murdered in the vicinity of the town ; and, in 1583, Gerald, the 16th Eurl of Desmond, while in rebellion against the Crown, was slain by a common soldier, in the wood of Glanckinty, about a mile from the town. In the reign of James I., Castle- Island gave the title of Baron to the family of Herbert ; and, in 1720, it gave that of Viscount to Sir Thomas Gage. A grant of lands around the town was made by Queen Elizabeth, out of the forfeited estates of the last Earl of i

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

De Burgos castle at Claregalway

Claregalway · town · Galway · 1200–1651

An old ruinous castle built after the close of the 13th century by a member of the de Burgos family adjoins the bridge at Clare-Galway. The castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Clanricarde in 1641, surprised by Captain Thomas Bourke in 1643, and taken by Sir Charles Coote in 1651.

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CLARE-GALWAY, a parish, partly in the barony of Clare, and partly in that of Dunkellin, 64 miles north-east by north of Gal way, co. Gal way, Connaught. Length, south-ROUth-eastward, 5 miles; breadth, from 1} to 5. Area of the Clare section, 5,431 acres, 3 roods, 27 perches, — of which 468 acres, 2 roods, 9 perches are in Lough Corrib, and 98 acres lie detached. Area of the Dunkellin section, 7>020 acres, 2 roods, 26 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 3,588; in 1841, 4,042. Houses 661. Pop. of the Dunkellin section, in 1631,2,146; in 1841, 2,586. Houses 424. The surface is gently but pleasantly diversitied; possesses considerable beauty in the centre, from the passage across it of the Clare river; and comprises, in the north and toward Lough Corrib, a large proportion of bog ; yet consists, in the aggregate, of good land. Tlie seats are Rockwood, Rock lawn, Lydacan, and Waterdale. The road from Gal way to Tuam traverses the interior; and, after having crossed the river by an old but substantial stone-bridge, sends off a branch toward Headfort and Ballinrobe. The village of Clare-Galway straggles a considerable distance along the Galway and Tuam road, chiefly northward of the river; and has a thoroughly rural, an airy, and but a paltry appearance. An old ruinous castle, built after the close of the 13th century by one of the family of de Burgos, a<ljoins the bridge, overhangs both the river and the road, and has a slightly picturesque appearance. In the wars of 1641, this castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Clanricarde ; in 1643, through the contrivance of a tenant of the Earl, the management of a Franciscan friar, and the carelessness of the warders, it was surprised by Capt. Thomas Bourke of Anbally; and, in 1651, it was taken possession of by Sir Charles Coote. A Franciscan friary, built about the year 1290, by John de Cogan, stands on the margin of the river, about 100 yards above the bridge. Though a ruin, and much dilapidated and peeled by the gradual ravages of the peasantry, it has several parts in tolerably good preservation,' and has of late years been carefully i)rotect*d from further dilapidation- It is a beautiful specimen of Gothic architec* ture; its high tower, in particular, exhibits some exquisite features, and is raised on arches ; but the

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Description of Bere Island

near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork

Bere Island is situated in Bantry Bay, County Cork, and is described as boldly rocky with wild cliffs that shelter the bay from Atlantic storms. It is over five miles in length and between one and two miles in breadth.

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BERE, or Bear, an island in the parish of Rillaconenagh, barony of Bere, co. Cork, Munster. It is situated in Bantry bay, 4 miles east of Blackball Head, 5 north of Sheep's Head, and about a mile's mean distance from the bay's north shore. lito greatest length, from east to west, is upwards of 5 miles ; and its average breadth is between 1^ and 2. The island is boldly rocky; lifts rude wild cliffs against the south-west storms; and shelters the ba^ from tbe fury and mountain-volume of the Atlantic's waves. Pop. returned with the parish.
BEREHAVEN, the sound between Bere Island and the mainland of the barony of Bere, co. Cork, Munster. It forms a spacious, safe, and almost landlocked natural harbour. See Bantrt. Its quay is situated on its mainland shore, on the estate of R. Hedges Eyre, Esq., and contiguous to the village of Castletown. It is built against the face of a rock ; measures 190 feet in length; affords much protection to the fisheries ; and accommodates tradingvessels in carrying off the produce of the AlMhies copper mines, and supplying a district of U) miles around with timber, iron, and articles of general merchandise. In 1633, the fishing-craft belonging to it were 4 decked boats of 20 tons, 12 hookers of 1 2 tons, and SO yawls of 4 tons each ; and in 1835, the exports from it amounted to £77,360 in estimaticd value, and the imports to it, to j£30,08l. The chief items in tbe exports were £63,450 for copper ore, and £9,000 for butter; and the chief articl4;s of import were iron, coals, meal, iour,^ f^piritii, colonial produce, and British manufactures. The town of Berebaven is properly called Castletown-Berebaven, and popularly Castletown, and will be noticed under tbe word Castletown : which see.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

Description of the Round Tower at the Rock of Cashel

near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary

A round tower stands near the east angle of the north aisle of the cathedral on the Rock of Cashel. It measures 56 feet in circumference and 90 feet in height, is divided into five stories, and features a subterranean passage connecting it to the church.

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grotesque beads. The nave exhibits leriet of pilv* ters, sustaining blank arches, and richly decorsted with various devices; but it possesses so dim a lig:bt as very imperfectly to reveal its scnlptorial tre»* sures. The exterior walls of the south side display blank arches and pillars, with grotesque beads ; and they send up at the junction of the nave and choir a square tower of 68 feet in height. The walls of the north side stand so dose to those of tbe cathedral that a visiter, on approaching the Saxon door« way from the cathedral's choir, perceives the cathedral's southern wall to have evidently intersected a part of the chapel's roof. Yet, between the two piles, and in an uncovered space enclosed by walls and towers belonging to the cathedral, is shown the alleged mausoleum of the chapel's founder, — a plain and massive structure of similar style and antiquity to the chapel itself; and over the arch by which it is entered appears a tablet representing, in basso relievo, and in very rude scnlptariiig, a monster animal resembling a bull with wings. — Near the east angle of the north aisle of the cathedral rises the round tower, 56 feet in drcumferenoe, and 90 feet in height. It communicates with the church by a subterranean passage; its doorway is 11 or 12 feet from the ground ; it is divided into 5 stories, eacb of which, from the projecting layer of stones, appears to have had its window; it has four apertures at the top ; and its roof consists of jointed stones so admirably put together, that it appears as smooth as the inside of a china bowl. — The cathedral consists of a choir, a nave, transepts, and a square tower rising from the centre of the cruciform intersection; and it measures about 210 feet from east to west, and about 170 along the transepts. This Irailding presents a mixture of military and ecclesiastiod architecture, which adds to the picturesi]|aeness of its external appearance ; and is to be admired more as a grand and well-broken mass of masonry, than for the elegance of either its plan or its decorations. It has no side-aisles ; its windows are of the narrow pointed order common in the 12th and 13th centuries; it has no western portal ; and its entrance-doors were placed to the north and south of the west window. In 1169, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerids, is said to have built the original part of tliis pile,— using care not to injure the more ancient chapel of Cormac and round tower; in 1421, Richard O'Hedian, Archbishop of Cashel, repaired the structure, and constructed beside it a h^l for the Ticara choral ; in 1495, it was burned by the Eari of Kildare; in 1647, after having been fortified for the purposes of the civil war, it was stormed and captured by Lord Inchiquin ; between 1744 and ITo, it was unroofed by Archbishop Price, and abandoned to speedy dilapidation ; and, a short time afterwards. Archbishop Agar made a vain attempt to restore it, and felt compelled to supplant it by the erection of the new cathedral — A castellated building at the west end of the old cathedral, appears externally • part of it, and is internally connected with it ; it was anciently both a palace and a fortalice, and, in its connection with the ecdesiastical pile, occasioned the whole structure to be subordinated to the pnrw poses of war ; and it appears to have been a place of great strength, and a retreat of almost rml consequence, in days when raetropolitical ecc&nntaci assumed the prerogatives, and wielded the pdUtical and martial weapons of princes. — On the south sido of the cathedral is an edifice called the Dean's SUl ; and between the two structures is a curious stone, elevated upon a large block, the one side of wUdi represents a crucifixion, and the other a figure popn. larly regarded as the effigies of St. Patrick. At tUe stone, say Mr. and Mrs. Ilall, " tradition i

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 199

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

Cove-of-Cork town and terraced sea-port

Cove prospers after French Revolution as naval station

Craigs Rocks: artificial caves and Druidical remains near Ballymoney

Cranagh barony: rivers, soil, and landscape

Cranfield headland guards Carlingford bay entrance

Cratloe House: seat of S. A. O'Brien, Esq.

Cratloe woods and outlaw legends

Cratloe Woods: largest remnant of natural forest

Craughwell village and Ballymore seat

Crawfords-Burn mansion and neighbouring seats

Creagh bog near Ballinasloe

Creagh House: seat of Sir W. Wrixon Beecher

Creagh parish mansions and landscape along the Suck

Creation of Patrick Street from a canal

Creeslough village near Sheephaven estuary

Creevelea Franciscan friary and O'Rorke effigy

Creeve rocks and lost chapel near Newry

Cregg demesne and old Roche castle

Cremorne barony: looms in every cabin

Croaghpatrick and Nephin Frame Castlebar's Panorama

Croagh Patrick: pilgrim mountain of St Patrick legends

Crom Castle and Earl of Erne's demesne on Upper Lough Erne

Cromlech near Hilltown and legend of Fin MacCuishall's bed

Cromlechs near Carlow and Hacketstown

Cromlechs of Burren and surrounding baronies

Cromwellian fortification at Bantry by Ireton

Cromwell's siege of Carrigadrohid castle, 1645

Crookhaven lighthouse on Rock Island

Crookhaven village castle ruins

Crookstown demesne and the Clancarty forfeiture

Croom's heathen origins and Fitzerald castle

Crossmolina parish church built in 1818

Crossna village overlooking Lough Key and Rockingham

Crosspatrick church built in 1828

Crouched Friars priory at Castle-Dermot

Crovehy mountain in the granite plain of Boylagh

Crumlin flour-mills on the Camlin, Co. Antrim

Crumlin River famed for petrifying qualities and early flour-mill

Crumlin village burned and Williamite camp, Co. Dublin

Crypt beneath Buttevant monastery chancel

Cuaigna Maddy and Squire's Carn mountains above Moville

Culdaff village description, circa 1819

Culmore Fort and its role in 17th-century conflicts

Cumberland Monument in Duke Square, Birr

Curlew Mountains: limestone crags and mural precipices

Curraghmore and Besborough demesnes near Carrick-on-Suir

Curraghmore: Marquis of Waterford's demesne and ancient castle

Currin parish church built with Board of First Fruits grant, c.1813

Curving creeks of the Imokilly coast

Cushendall's name origin and Ossian legends

Cushendall's surrounding basaltic hills and heights

Cushendall's tapering tower for confining rioters

Cushendun's caves in conglomerate cliff

Dangerous bar at Clonakilty Harbour

Daniel O'Connell's humble birthplace

Danish palace at Clondalkin

Death of Gerald, 16th Earl of Desmond, at Glanckinty wood

De Burgos castle at Claregalway

Description of Bere Island

Description of the Round Tower at the Rock of Cashel