Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

Old churches and cemeteries at Templemoyle

Vestiges of old churches and cemeteries are recorded at Templemoyle in the parish of Clonard. These remains indicate a former ecclesiastical settlement at the site.

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Glacknadrummon, Larachril, Dunross, Cloncha, and Templemoyle; argillaceous »chist is quarried at Dunmore, and sometimes raised in flogs 12 feet square, but is disadvantageously situated for facility of exportation ; a reddish-coloured graiute, susceptible of a fine surface, might be raised in very large blocks at Dunmore; tinily ramified white coral forms most of the gravel in a cove of the glebe called the Port; and pebbles of great beauty, and curiously variegated, are found at Malin Head, and manufactured into trinkets. A Druidical circle occurs at Larachril; some monastic ruins at Coolort; remnants, of an antique sculptured large stone-cross, near the church ; and vestiges of old churches and cemeteries at Lagg and Templemoyle. ** Dunmore, in the glebe," says Mason's statist of the parish, ** if a great peninsular rock, the isthmus of which is a deep ravine. The upper part presents some platforms, in which nature seems to have l»een assisted by art; there is a small peat-bog on its summit. In ancient warfare, this place might have been tenable for a short time." ** Near Malin Head is a ^mHll hollow in a rock, which is filled with sea-water at every tide: it is reputed to poshcss a miraculous power of curing diseases, and is consequently a i>erious nuisance to the neighbourhood; for it invites strollers and mendicants of the worst description from the three adjoining counties, who infest the neighbourhood by their numbers, and corrupt it by their example." The chief orgies at this well, as at many others in Ireland, are drunkenness and debauchery ; and they assort so well with the corruption and ignorance of the mob, who »ec them sanctioned by superstition, that they have re»irtted the united efforts of Protestant and Roman Catholic for their suppression. The chief roads are tbo'^e from Malin towanl respectively Malin Head, Carndonagh,
and Greencastlc This pari>h is a rectory, and a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

Old church vestiges and moat at Chapel

Chapel · townland · Wexford

The parish of Chapel, or Chapel-of-St. Clement, contains the remnants of an old church. Near these ruins is a small moat, indicating the presence of antiquities in the area.

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CHAPEL, or Chapple, or Chapei:.-op-St. Clement, a parish in the barony of Bantry, 6 miles south-soutb-westof Enniscorthv, CO. Wexford, Leinster. It contains the village of 0«onroch£: which see. Length and breadth, each 1 mile ; area, 3,588 acres. Pop., in 1831, 827; in 1841, 1,031. Houses 158. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 766. Houses 1 13. The land is, for the most part, of an inferior quality, — moorish, and much overrun with furze ; and it is bounded and drained on the north by the Slaney's affluent, the Boro. Some vestiges exist of an old church ; and near them is a small moat — This parish is a vicarage — or, in the phraseology of the district, an appropriate curacy — and part of the benefice of Killegney [which see^, in the dio. of Ferns. The vicarial or curatial tithes are compounded for jC62 15s. 4^d., and the rectorial for £110 15s. 4id.; and the latter are appropriated to the see of Fenis, and held under a demise for a term of vears from the diocesan. The glebe is valued at Jtl3 6s. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 750 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Clonleigh. In 1834, the ProtestanU amounted U> 63, aind the Ronvin Catholics to 795 ; and 4 daily schools— one of which was aided with £10 a-year from the National Board, and with £16, a house, and 4 acres of land, from Lord Carew — were averagely attended by from ISO to 190 children.
CHAPEL-CARRON, a quondam parish in the barony of Shelmalier, 4 miles north-west of Wexford, CO. Wexford, Leinster. It lies on the Slaney, and is traversed by the road from Wexford to Enniscorthy. Though still occasionally called a distinct parish, and exhibited as a vicarage or impropriate curacy in the dio. of Ferns, it is, both politically and ecclesiastically, treated as, in all respects, a part of the parish of Killurin : see that article.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Old Exchange at North and Donegal Streets

near Belfast · city · Antrim

The Old Exchange stood at the divergence of North and Donegal Streets, a heavy yet respectable brick building which was the property of the Marquis of Donegal. By the time of writing its ground-floor had been converted into shops and it was little used elsewhere.

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The Exchange — or the Commercial buildings, as it is here called — stands on the south side of Waringstreet, looking up Donegal-street, and was erected by an incorporated company, at the cost of £20,000. It is a large and elegant edifice, with a granite front of Ionic columns, resting on a rusticated basement ; it contains a very spacious and ornate news-room, an assembly-room, and several offices ; and, it not only is doily frequented by most of the mercantile body of the town, but is the place of meeting for the greater part of large, respectable, special assemblies, whether fashionable, political, charitable, or religious. — Diagonally confronting it, and situated at the divergence of North and Donegal streets, stands the Old Exchange, a heavy yet respectable brick building, the property of the Marquis of Donegal, and now converted in its ground-floor into shops,
and elsewhere little used The Linen Hall, situated

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 170

Old ivy-clad church ruin overlooking Crumlin rivulet

near Crumlin · town · Antrim

In the parish of Camlin or Crumlin, Co. Antrim, the old church is a venerable ivy-clad ruin situated about half a mile from Crumlin town on the verge of the parish. It stands upon a precipice bank overhanging the Camlin rivulet.

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to Antrim. The old church is a venerable iv^y-datf ruin, situated about | of a mile from Crumlin, and on the verge of the parish, upon a prednitoM bfiili
which overhangs the Camlin rivulet This parish U

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

Old Leighlin as corporate town and Protestant seat

Oldleighlin · parish · Carlow

Old Leighlin is one of only two corporate towns in County Carlow, ancient or modern, alongside Carlow. It serves as the Protestant seat of the diocese of Leighlin, which encompasses the entire county and constitutes more than half its area.

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Leighlin, Royal Oak, Numey, Rilledmandt Ball/- nosken, Myshall, and Ballon. The county is all included in the dio. of Leighlin ; constitutes more than half of its area ; and contains both its Protestant and its Roman Catholic seat, — the former at Old Leighlin, and the latter at Carlow. A view of the parochial distribution will be seen by refefenoe to the articles on the baronies.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 187

Old town gateway on the Cahir road

Clonmel · town · Tipperary

At the west end of Clonmel, on the thoroughfare leading to Cahir, stands one of the old gateways of the town wall, a plain pointed arch surmounted by a battlemented two-story structure with a circular turret.

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Civil Public JBuildintfi.'] — Clonmel was at one time a walled and fortified town ; but its castle or citadel was demolished in the civil wars of the 17th century, and the other fortifications have in a great measure yielded to the abrasions of time, and the lappings of prolonged national repose. Around three aides of the spacious cemetery, in the midst of which the parish-church is situated, are remains of the old town ¥rall, protected at regular intervals by small square towers ; and at the north-west angle of the wall is a massive bomb-proof tower called "the Magazine." At the west end of the town, on the thoroughfare leading to Cahir, stands one of the old gateways of the wall, a plain obtusely pointed arch, surmounted by a battlemented quadrangular structure of two stories, from one comer of which ascends a circular battlemented turret. — The bridges across the Suir at the town are five in number, but form only three lines of communication, two of them leading the way across Moore's Island, two leading the way across Long Island, and the fifth and single one spanning the river 220 yards below the east end
of the latter island A large suite of barracks stands

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 218

O'Lehans' chief seat at Castle-Lehan (Castlelyons)

Castlelyons · town · Cork

The ancient Irish sept of O'Lehans inhabited the eastern district of the barony and had their chief seat at Castle-Lehan, now recognisable as Castlelyons. The Anglo-Norman Barry family later received a grant of the territory and took their title, Lords Barry of Olethan, from it.

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numerous. The east end of the barony was andently called the cantred of Olethan or Ivelehan ; and part of it was included in the territory of Coshbride, the Waterford section of which still retains the name. The ancient Irish sept of O'Lehans inhabited the eastern* district, and had their chief seat at Castle- Lehan, — a name which may still be recognised in the corrupted form of Castle- Lyons. The MacCartys inhabited the western district, and attached it t» their adjacent country of Muskerry. The English family of Barry, who came to Ireland at the Anglo- Norman invasion, received a grant of the territory which now forms the barony ; they were entitled, from it, Lords Barry of Olethan or Castle- Lehan; they afterwards received the title of Viscounts Butte vant; and, in 1627-^, they were created Earis Barrymore. Pop. of the barony, in 1831, 58,624 ; in 1841, 61,33^ Houses 9, 1 98. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 7>273; in manufactures and trade, 1,703; in other pursuits, 1 ,330. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 9,298 ; who could read but not write^ 3,023; who could neither read nor write, 13,977. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 5,140; who could read but not write, 3,614; who could neither read nor write, 18.905;
BARRY POINT, a headland in the parish of Nohoval, barony of Kinnalea, co. Cork, Munster. It is situated 2^ miles east-north-east of Oyster Haven, and 4h south-west of Cork Head.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

O'Reilly's Castle in Cavan

Cavan · town · Cavan

An old fortalice or castellated mansion called O'Reilly's Castle, once the property of the tanist family of O'Reilly, stood at an intersection of the westward principal street in Cavan. It can now only be traced by the local antiquary.

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Public Buildings.'] — An old fortalioeor caatellated mansion, still called O'Reilly's Castle, and once the property of the tanist family of OHeilly, atood at an intersecrtion of the westward prindpel ttreety but can now be traced by only the local antiquarj. Another old fortalice, oescriDed in the borough cbaitcfB as "the stone House or Castle, wherein Walter Brodie, Gentleman, now resideth," stood nearly at the middle of the High- street Another mihtarf work, now called KinnypotUe Fort, is commemorated on the ncntb-east outskirt of the town. In 1300, a Dominican friary was founded by OioUa Jiosa Ruadh O'Reilly, dynast of BreflSny ; about the year 1393, it was taken from the Dominicaiit by the founder's successor, and given to the Frandscant; and, in 1649, it received into the tomb the mortal remains of the famous Irish ^neral, Owen O'JNeil, who died at Cloughoughter in this county, and ii supposed to have been poisoned. But all andent buildings, both public and private, were probably destroyed, or at least materially diamaged, by the devastations of war and conflagration. Cavan, like many other old towns, suffered severe havoc from the ruthless violence of the feudal wan; and ao late as 1690, the greater part of it waa burnt by the Enniskillenners under General Woliey, after they had defeated a body of troops in the aervioe of James II.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Oriel Temple and the Foster estate at Collon

Collon · town · Louth · 1750–1828

Anthony Foster, lord-chief-baron of the Irish exchequer, selected the Collon estate as his residence around the mid-18th century and transformed 5,000 acres of waste heath-clad sheep-walk into improved cultivated land. His son John Foster carried forward the improvements and planted nearly 600 acres of demesne woodland noted for rare specimens including a weeping larch and an Irish oak.

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1831, 2,746 ; in 1841, 2.735. Houses 449. Pop. of the rural districts of the Louth section, in 1831, 1.593; in 1841, 1,799. Houses 3a3. The whole of the land is profitable. The surface declines to the east ; is drained by two nascent rivulets, which are tributary to respectively the Dee and the Bojrne ; abounds in the variegations of hill and undulation ; and commands, from several vantage-grounds, rich and diversified views of a far-spread luxuriant, champaign country, away to the mountains and bay of Carlingford, and the soaring, grand, alpine summits of the mountains of Mourne. Even the interior of the parish presents a series of landscapes which vary from the romantic to the softly beautiful. The loftiest summit, Bellpatrick, rises to the west of the town, and attains an altitude of 789 feet. Collon- House, or Oriel- Temple, the lodge of Viseount Ferrard, though a small mansion, destitute of any special architectural attraction, possesses associations of peculiar interest, and stands in the midst of a demesne and an estate replete with the results of energetic and skilful improvement. Anthony Foster, lord-chief-baron of the exchequer in Ireland, who* selected this estate as his residence about the middle of last century, found its whole extent, of about 5,000 acres, a waste heath-clad sheep-walk, utt^frly repulsive to ordinary improvers, and pronounced by many of them irreclaimable ; and be commenced a course of elaborate, judicious, far-sighted, and multitudinous, procedures for enclosing, tilling, and manuring it, and for causing the barren wilderness to smile with cultivation. His son, the Right Hon John Foster, afterwards Lord Oriel, carried forward and matured the georgical improvements, completed the plantations which bad been commenced on the demesne, and lived to see the district equal in beauty and lusciousness of cultivation to many an estate which had been dressed and adorned for ages in the warm lap of an alluvial valley. The plantations on the demesne cover nearly 600 acres ; they are disposed with nice judgment, and in admirable taste; they have been nurtured in their growth by consummate skill; and they contain trees of every description suited to the climate of Ireland, and present at once a school of improvement to the student of arboricuU ture, and a theatre of refined pleasure to the lover of sylvan scenery. The tounst Curwen remarked as specimens of interest, ''a weeping larch," "an oak peculiar to Ireland that has the tame drooping

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

Original timber houses preserved in the Diamond, Coleraine

near Coleraine · town · Derry · 1558–1840

Until recently, some of the original timber-built houses from the Elizabethan/Jacobean period were still visible in good preservation in the Diamond, the central square of Coleraine, presenting an antique contrast to the modern stone edifices around them.

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Former State of the Town."] — The modern town, or the field of edifices which superseded an ancient village on the site, appears to have been planned by Sir John Perrott, Lord-deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. The houses of which it was constructed were timber-built, and were framed in London, in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Each frame consisted of hard black oak, in the form of what is called cage-work; the interstices were filled with wicker-work and clay, — or, more properly, with plastered wicker-work; and the front was con- Btructed with a pent- way or piazza. Until within a very few years ago, some of the original houses were to be seen in good preservation in the Diamond or central square of the town, figuring in antique and outre contrast to the tall, trim, modern stone edifices. Soon after the retirement of Sir John Perrott, the town fell greatly into decay; it was walled and ramparted with mere sods; and, in 1618, it had no provision for the mounting of a single piece of artillery, and contained scarcely a sufficient number of inhabitants to man a sixth part of its walls. ** That part of the town which is unbuilt," says Mr. Pyniiar, ** is so extreme dirty that no man is able to go in it, and especially that which should, and is accounted to be the market-place. The walls and ramparts, built of sods and filled with earth, do begin to decay very much, and to moulder away ; for the ramparts are so narrow that it is impossible they should stand, and the bulwarks are so exceeding little, that there cannot be placed any piece of artillery if occasion were. There are two small ports, which are made of timber and boards; and they serve for houses for the soldiers to watch in."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 227

Ormonde Castle, Carrick-on-Suir

Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1641

Large and stately remains of a castle belonging to the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde stand within an extensive park. It was built by Thomas Dubh (Black Thomas), Earl of Ormonde, on the site of a priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and the great Duke of Ormonde resided there when he heard the first intelligence of the 1641 rebellion.

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CARRICK-ON-SUIR, a market and post town, on the southern margin of the above parish, stands on the left bank of the river Suir, and on the road from Waterford to Clonmel, 10^ miles east by south of Clonmel, 19 south by we^^t of Kilkenny, and 75^ south-south-west of Dublin. One long street runs from west to east, somewhat parallel to the river; three other streets intersect this, and lead down to the river; some lanes are appended and interlaced; and a spacious fair green, with some good houses around it, lies on the northern outskirt. The parish-church, in spite of great age, is in good order ; and it has a monument of John, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1693, and a large and rather coarsely executed modern marble monument of James Power, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1704. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome and very spacious edifice. The Presentation nunnery stands in Chapel-lane, and has attached to it a large schoolhouse. Large and stately remains exist, within an extensive and beautiful park, of a castle which belonged to the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde. This castle was built by Thomas Dubh, or Bkck Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, upon the site of a priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ; and here the great Duke of Ormonde resided, and heard the first intelligence of the rebellion of 1641. Mason's Statistical Account, of 1816, describes the castle as containing a room 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 13 high; and as having some well-preserved old tapestry depicted with the deeds of Samson, and a sculpturing, daubed with ochre, of the arms of Thomas, Earl of Ormonde and Ossory; but Mr. Wogan, who was then proprietor, took down much of the old building, allowed only two square towers and the habitable part to stand, and erected additions and made renovations in excellent keeping with the ancient structure, and good adaptation to the purposes of a comfortable modern residence. A branch of the family of Butler takes from this place the title of Earl of Carrick. The bridge across the Suir was built in 1309, and, though a plain structure, is in better order, and has a better appearance, than most bridges of its age. The prison is a new structure, but was badly finished; and, in 1841, it underwent repair and improvement. The market-house is a tolerably good structure. The barrack contains very indifferent accommodation for a troop of cavalry and two regiments of infantry. A wall formerly surrounded the towTi, and not long ago could be dis

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Ornamental demesnes of Newlands and Corkagh at Clondalkin

near Clondalkin · town · Dublin

The parish of Clondalkin, though low-lying, presented a rich and ornate appearance with the demesnes of Newlands and Corkagh, numerous villas, and cottage ornées exhibiting profuse embellishment characteristic of the environs of Dublin.

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CLONDAHORKY. See Clowehorkt. CLONDALKIN, a parish, partly in the barony of Newcastle, but chiefly in that of Uppercross, 4 miles south-west of Dublin, co. Dublin, Letnster. The Uppercross section contains tiie village of Clondalkin. Length, 3 miles; breadth, l\. Area of the Newcastle section, 157 acres ; of the Upp«?rcross section, 4,777 acres. Pop. of the whole, in laU, 2,003 ; in 1841, 2.546. Houses 412. Pop., in 1841, of the Newcastle section, 15 ; of the runil districts of the Uppercross section, 2,026. Houses in these respectively 1 and 315. The surface, though low and but very slightly variegated, has a rich and ornate appearance, and abounds in the amenities of cultivation. The demesnes of Ncwlands and Corkagh, the grounds of other mansions, ami the lawns and parterres of comparatively numerous villas and cottages ornees, exhibit an aggregate profusion of embellishment, and maintain the high tone which so generally characterizes the environs of the metropolis. In 1797* so large a quantity as about 2G0 barreU of gunpowder, in extensive powder-mills near the village, explo<led with such tremendous force as to profiuce a sensible vibration through a large tract of surrounding country. ** On the spot,*' ^ays a journalist of the period, ** the effects were terrific; the whole building was torn up from its foundations, and hurled into the elements : ponderous ruins, tons in weight, were cast to the distance of five or six fields.*' The Grand Caiuil passes within a brief distance of the northern boundarv ; and the road from Dublin to- Nuas passes south- west ward through the interior. Other objects of interest will be noticed in connection with the vilhisre This parish is a vicarage

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Ornate pointed arch and St. Kieran's sitting-stone at Clonmacnoise

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

A beautifully carved pointed arch, remnant of a church re-edified near the close of the 12th century, stands apart from the main ruins. An altar-stone is venerated by pilgrims, and a nearby sitting-stone alleged to be St. Kieran's seat is believed to cure epilepsy.

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Apart from the general group of ecclesiastical ruins, and separated from them on the north by a large field on which the * patrons ' of the place are held, stands a beautiful arch of the most ornate and highly carved variety of the pointed style of architecture, — ^the remnant of a church or chapel which appears to have been built or re-edified toward the close of the 12th century. An altar-stone on one side is venerated by the • pilgrims* who crawl the rounds of * the stations' at the patron ; and a sitting-stone on the other, is alleged to have been the seat of St. Kieran, and is absurdly believed to effect the cure of epilepsy. •' What a contrast," exclaims Mr. Otway, "did the ancient arch, so exquisitely carved, tottering in all the grey antiquity of a thousand years, present to a new house erected by a half-pay captain, who has turned his sword into a ploughshare, and in this dreary place set himself down on a fanning speculation ! lie could not be more lonesome on the border^ of the (ii<<mal swamp in Virginia : his ugly tub of a h()u<e, in all its raw newness, had no business at all to plint itself near that fine old time-touched religious edilit'e." — The area or enclosure containing the main group of ruins comprises about two Irish acres; is ail over at once a cemetery and a metropolis of superstition : presents a confused mixture of old and new gra >•<•>«, — of moflern inscriptions to the memory of olKtMire hu^ibandmen in the neighbouring hamlets, nod broken, neglected, and dishonoured monuments, in thf oldest Irish character, of the hopes atid deeds ot ancient princes, bishops, and abbots ; and often *>\v:irms with a motley gathering of mourners seeking tin* trrave^ uf their departed relatives, devotees crawl*
1.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 214

O'Rourke's Tower at Clonmacnoise

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

On the brow of an elevation overhanging the Shannon stands the second pillar-tower at Clonmacnoise, known by tradition as O'Rourke's Tower. It is described as the most beautiful structure of its class in Ireland, rising about 55 feet with a 10-foot addition of ruder masonry.

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A very fine stone-cross, 15 feet high and all of one piece, stands near the west door of MacDermot's eiiurch, and is covered all over with inscriptions and with rude but elaborate carvings in bas relievo of representations and devices, which have been the Kubjcct of warm and perplexing yet ludicrous controversies among antiquaries. Another large cross, though not so fine as the former, is in tolerable pre- SLTvution. Three other crosses arc said to have stood in various parts of the cemetery ; and of the five, one is alleged to have been erected in 1073, in memory of Con. O'Melaghlin, King of Meath, who was assassinated in that year by his nephew ; one in 1 100, to O'Heyne, dynast or petty king of Siol- Muireaddy: onem 1118, to Rory-ma-Suighe-buidhe O'Conor, King of Connaught ; and one in 1155, or a little later, to Tordelvach O'Conor, monarch of Ireland, and father of Roderick the last O'Conor monarch MacCarthy's church, situated in the northwest corner of the cemetery, has attached to it one of the pillar-towers, commonly called MacCarthy's tower, and is traditionally reputed to have been built by the MacCarthy More of Munster, the greatest sept in CO. Cork, and the superior of the O'Learys, the O'Sullivans, the O'Donohues, and other tribes of Milesian name. The church and the tower are formed of the same kind of stone, and constructed with the same range and character of moaonry ; and they have been thought — without an^ great violence of conjecture, or wide play of an till uary's fancy — to indicate mutual adaptation and roevality of erection. " The tower stands on the south side of the chancel of the church ; and the doorway of the tower, instead of being elevated 10 or 15 feet from the ground, is on a level with the flow of the chancel from which it leads ; it is within a few feet of the altar ; moreover, the archway leading from the nave of the church into the chancel, which is of the most finished and at the same time chaiite order of Gothic construction, is wrought into the body of the round tower, part of whose rotundity is sacriticed to give room and form to the display of its light and elegant span." The tower, though but 55 feet in height and 7 feet in diameter within the walls, is one of the most perfect in Ireland ; it is conically capped, with singularly and beautifully arranged courses of cut stone; and it differs from other pillar-towers, not alone in having its entrance level with the ground, but in presenting marks of a staircase rising spirally to the top. On the brow of an elevation at the west side of the cemetery, in a line with the other principal buildings, and directly overhanging the Shannon, stands the second pillar-tower, the great prominent eyeuttracting object of the whole scene, and unquestionably the most beautiful structure of its class in Ireland. The limestone which compo!*es it is of an a.shy-grcy colour, and full of madrcporic concretions, but possesses the compactness, the ringing-xound, and the capability of polish which constitute marble ; it is smoothed to nearly as high a finish as ordinary marble mantel- pieces, and renuiins a:i much unaffected

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 215

Owen Roe O'Neill takes Castleknock Castle, 1647

Castleknock · townland · Dublin · 1642–1647

In 1642 Colonel Monk captured the castle, killing 80 royalist adherents in the assault. In 1647 the castle was taken from the republicans by Owen Roe O'Neill and Sir Thomas Esmond at the head of a loyal force, after which it was dismantled and abandoned to decay.

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area, 7,124 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4,251; in 1841, 4.063. Houses 663. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,725. Houses 600. The parochial surface comprises part of the north side of the softly picturesque vale of the Liffey, from the Phoenix- park westward, and part of the rich and lusciously pretty plain which is traversed by the Royal Canal. Numerous villas adorn the banks of the Liffey ; and gardens, shrubberies, and profuse beauties of culture, embellish the general surface. Mr. Fraser succinctly describes, in the following terms, very nearlv all the scenery and contents of the parish, as beheld along the road from Dublin to Navan, across its interior : ** The plantations of the Phcenix-park on the left are ioined by those of the villa grounds which adorn the left banks of the Liffey for many miles above the city ; and, in connection with them, at 4 miles from the town, the church, castle-ruins, and moat of Castle-Knock, as seen from this road, compose an interesting group. On the right, the bank forming the northern boundary of the narrow winding glade, through which the Tolka streamlet forces its tortuous course, is clothed with the hedge-row trees of several villas which link in with the plantations of Sheephill, the seat of James Hans Hamilton, Esq.*' The ruins of the castle at the village occupy the summit of a bold, broken, and lofty hillock, which commands a view over the plain as far as to the hill of Maynooth ; and consist of part of a round tower or keep, one side of the intrenchments, and a little postern door in one of the battlement walls. A manifestly fabulous story says that the castle was a royal Danish residence, and that St. Patrick visited it to attempt the conversion to Christianity of a Danish King, called Morrishtac. Other traditions are afloat respecting it, of a still more incredible and stupid character. The castle was built in the reign of Henry II., by Hugh de Tvrrel, Boron of Castle- Knock, and was long after the residence of his descendants. In 1316, Edward Bruce besieged and captured it, made Baron Hugh de Tvrrel and his lady prisoners, and would not release them till they paid a large ransom. In 1642, Colonel Monk, afterwards celebrated as the Duke of Albemarle, captured the castle, killed 80 adherents of royalty in assaulting it, and afterwards put others to death on the gibbet In 1647, the castle was taken from the republicans by Owen-Ros O'Neill, and Sir Thomas Esmond, Bart, at the head of a loyal force ; and at that time, or soon after, it was dismantled, and abandoned to decay. An abbey for regular canons of the order of Augustine was founded at the end of the 13th centurv, or beginning of the 14th, by Richard Tyrrel; anci its church was used, after the dissolution, as the parochial place of worship. The Tyrrel ftunily, who took designation from Castle- Knock, were connected with the Tyrrels, sires, and afterwards princes, of Poix in Picardy, whose title and estate eventuidly passed by marriiige to the ducal house of De Noailles ; and they and other Tyrrels have, from an early date, figured conspicuously m the English county of Essex, and the Irish counties of Dubhn, Meath, and Westmeath. In the latter part of the 14th centurv, Robert Serjeant became Baron of Castle-Knock, but whether by creation, writ of summons, or marriage with an heiress of the Tyrrels, is not known. The village of Castle-Knock is a mere hamlet in bulk. Area, 21 acres. Pop., in 1831, 188; in 1841, 156. Houses 31. A dispensary here is within the North Dublin Poor-law union, and serves for a pop. of 5,665; and, in 1839. it expended £166 I4s. 7d., and administered to 1,592 patients — Castle- Knock pariih is a vicamge in the dio. of Dublin. Vicarial tithe composition, £200; glebe, £136 8s. ]}d. The rectorial tithes are appropriate, and consist of two

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Paper-making established at Dunmurry

near Dunmurry · townland · Antrim

Paper-making was first commenced at Dunmurry on the road to Lisburn, and was afterwards established and pushed rapidly into increase in the suburb of Cromac in Belfast.

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Rope-making was introduced about the middle of the last century. The nuinufacture of canvass was established, with six looms, by the Rope-work Company, in 1784. Paper-making was first commenced at Dunmurrv on the road to Lisbum, and w'ds afterwards established and pushed rapidly into increase in the suburb of Cromac. Stocking-making employed, 30 years ago, about 200 persons. Salt was, at one time, an article of extensive roanu£scture. Soap and candle making for exportation yielded, in 1810, an annual produce worth about £10,000. Vitriol-making was introduced b^ Mr. Gregg of Belfast, but was carried on by him m the vicinity of Lisburn. Leather, tanned in Belfiut, was long in high repute ; but was greatly diminished, in amount of manufacture, by the pressure of Buonaparte's continental system. Glass-making was two or three generations ago introduced to Ballymacarett, and, after being abandoned in the department oif window-glass, was prosecuted in that of flint-glass. These and other departments of manufacture have had a various fate, some greatly augmenting, some decreasing, or becoming extinct, and some remaining proportionally stationary ; but their very number and variety, and the spirit with which noost of them were introduced and put to the test, pleasingly evince the enterprise and industry of the conununity.
Commerce.'] — In 1763, the gross customs of Belfast, including excise, amounted to £32,900; in 17B4, they amounted, exclusive of excise, to £101,376 ; in 1810, theyamounted, exclusive of excise, to£425,174 18s. 2^d. ; and though, since the second of these

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 174

Parish church monuments, Carrick-on-Suir

Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary · 1693–1704

The old parish church in Carrick-on-Suir contains a monument of John, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1693, and a large marble monument of James Power, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1704. Despite its great age, the church was in good order.

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CARRICK-ON-SUIR, a market and post town, on the southern margin of the above parish, stands on the left bank of the river Suir, and on the road from Waterford to Clonmel, 10^ miles east by south of Clonmel, 19 south by we^^t of Kilkenny, and 75^ south-south-west of Dublin. One long street runs from west to east, somewhat parallel to the river; three other streets intersect this, and lead down to the river; some lanes are appended and interlaced; and a spacious fair green, with some good houses around it, lies on the northern outskirt. The parish-church, in spite of great age, is in good order ; and it has a monument of John, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1693, and a large and rather coarsely executed modern marble monument of James Power, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1704. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome and very spacious edifice. The Presentation nunnery stands in Chapel-lane, and has attached to it a large schoolhouse. Large and stately remains exist, within an extensive and beautiful park, of a castle which belonged to the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde. This castle was built by Thomas Dubh, or Bkck Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, upon the site of a priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ; and here the great Duke of Ormonde resided, and heard the first intelligence of the rebellion of 1641. Mason's Statistical Account, of 1816, describes the castle as containing a room 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 13 high; and as having some well-preserved old tapestry depicted with the deeds of Samson, and a sculpturing, daubed with ochre, of the arms of Thomas, Earl of Ormonde and Ossory; but Mr. Wogan, who was then proprietor, took down much of the old building, allowed only two square towers and the habitable part to stand, and erected additions and made renovations in excellent keeping with the ancient structure, and good adaptation to the purposes of a comfortable modern residence. A branch of the family of Butler takes from this place the title of Earl of Carrick. The bridge across the Suir was built in 1309, and, though a plain structure, is in better order, and has a better appearance, than most bridges of its age. The prison is a new structure, but was badly finished; and, in 1841, it underwent repair and improvement. The market-house is a tolerably good structure. The barrack contains very indifferent accommodation for a troop of cavalry and two regiments of infantry. A wall formerly surrounded the towTi, and not long ago could be dis

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Parliamentary elections at Bannow's solitary chimney

Bannow · townland · Wexford

Bannow held a royal charter of incorporation and sent two members to the Irish parliament. After the town was buried in sand, election notices were posted on the solitary remaining town-house chimney, and burgesses gathered there to nominate members.

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in its vicinity, as an omen of good success.* In the Irish annals of Innisfallen, it is called * The Bay of the Pig,' from the multitude of these animals reared there by the Irish, — a peculiarity for which the neighbouring eountry is stall distinguished, where they are attended with the greatest care, and increase to an enormous size. It was situated at the mouth of a large inlet of the sea, in the barony of Bargie, about 24 miles south of Wexford. f The bay was formerly entered by two deep channels, as appears by a map in the Down Survey, in the Record Office, Dublin ; and, from its favourable situation for trade, attained much prosperity. From the quitrent rolls which I examined at Wexford, it contained, among others, the following streets : viz.. High-street, Weaver-street, St. George-street, Upper-street, St. Toolock's-street, St. Mary's street, St. Ivory-street, Lady-street, Little-street, &c. Fair slated houses, horse-mills, gardens, and other indications of a prosperous place, are also mentioned as paying quit-rent. It had, moreover, a royal charter of incorporation, and sent two members to the Irish parliament, who were elected by the burgesses or citizens of the town. This last indication of its prosperity continued up to the time of the Union. My friend himself remembered when notice for the election was issued. It was posted on the solitary chimney, as the only representative of the houses of the town. The burgesses were supposed to assemble round it; the members were put into nomination by Lord Ely ; and so the forms of election were regularly gone through, and, for a series of years, two representatives were returned to parliament from one chimney.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 163

Paul Jones captures HMS Drake off Carrickfergus 1778

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1778

The notorious Paul Jones appeared in Carrickfergus bay in 1778, spread terror by displaying his flag, and captured the British sloop of war Drake off the town.

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national povernmpnt'*, existed betwe€n the people of Currickfergus and its vicinity, and the Scotch of the Scotti^h mainland and the Hebrides. In 1555, the castle was besieged by the Scotch ; and, in the following year, it was relieved by Sir Henry Sidney, father of the celebrated Sir Philip Sidney. During the whole of Tyrone's rebellion, Carrickfergus was the hea<l-quarters of the Engligh forces in the North. In U):}9. a plan was fornaed for betraying the cattle to the insurgents of Scotland, but was defeated by the Earl of Strafford. In 1640, a large army was R>semhled at the town to oppose the Scotch. In KU-i. General Monroe, at the head of 4,000 Scottish auxiliaries, landed to assist against the Irish rebels, and took pos>ession of Carrickfergus and its castle. In ir>*t8. General Monk surprised and seized Monroe, and took possession for the English Parliament. In WAiK the Karl of Inrhiquin captured the castle for the King, and made Monk prisoner; and, toward the clo>e of the same year, the castle surrendered to Sir ("•harles Coote. In' i()88. Lord Iveagh held the place for James II.; and next year, the Duke of Schomberir sailed into the hay, saw the outworks of the castle burnt on apprehension of a siege, landed at Kanuor, and marched round by Belfast, invested <'arri('kfergu<, and, after making some breaches on its furtitirations, and encountering an obstinate resistaiKV from Colonels MacCarthy, More, and Cormae O'Ni'ill at the head of two regiments of Irish Roman ("athoIi(*<<, became master of town and fortress. In l(i!H). William III., attended by Prince George of Denmark, the Duke of Ormond, the E^r Is of Oxford, S<"arl»or()u^'h, and Manchester, and other persons of <Ii^tin(*tioii, landed at the town on his great expedition of Iri>h conquest; and, after having wiilked tlir<)U;;h >ome of the streets, and halted half-an-hour, he proceeded to Helfast, in the Duke of Schomberg's <*arriai,'e. A lar;,'e stone at the extremity of the quay i>i still pointed out as that on which he first set toot in Ireland, and bears the name of King AVjlIi.un's Stone. In 1740, the inhabitants gave a }<p1«Miiiiil entertainment to the Duke of Ormond. In \'Cii), (^onunodore Thurot, with about 1,000 Frenchmen, landed at Carrickfergus, and attacked the town. Thoucii the castle had no mounted cannon, and was rent toward the sea by a gap or breach 50 feet wide, and wa^ garrisoned by fewer than iiOO soldiers of the <!'Jd riginient of infantry, and these chiefly raw recruit<< ; yet Colonel Jennings, the commander, en- <'ourage<l by the mayor and townspeople, bravely met the invaders: and, when driven back by the superior strength of the assailants, they retreated into the castle, and kept the French at bay even after the latter had forced the upper gate; iMit, all their ammunition becoming expended, they eventually beat « parley, and obtaiiu*d honourable terms of capitulation. The French, after for some time keeping possession of Carrickfergus, were roused by the bruit of n general gathering of troops throughout the country to a-^ail them; and, having returned to their ships and Hi't sail, they were, two days afterwards, totally <lete<ited by an Fhiglnh squadron off the Isle of Man. In 177K the notorious Paul Jones appeared in the bay, spread teiror by the display of his flag, and captured off the town the British sloop of war, the Drake. In 17{<i, Prince William Henry, then a naval lieutenant, and afterwards William IV., arrived in the buy in the Hebe frigate; and, two years afterward^, the Duke of Rutland, then Lord-lieutenant, landed at the town, received an entertainment from the eorfwration. and conferred knighthood on W. Kirk, F.-q., the mayor.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195

Penny royal flourishing in Ennis churchyard

Ennis · town · Clare

The churchyard in Ennis is specifically noted as a habitat where Mentha pulegium, or penny royal, grows rather plentifully.

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of the Burren mountains, and at Magherinraheen. Nvinph.iM uiha, white water-lily, is common in the lake of Iiirhiquin and in many other places. Ranunculus lin^Mia, ^reat spearwort, grows in a marsh at the side uf the Fergus, above the bridge of Ennis. Jiept'ta cataria, nep or cat mint, grows on the roadside, opposite to Limerick. Turritis hirsutn, hairy towiT inu-itard, abounds on tlie rocks at Clifden. GeraiiiuMi li>cidum, shining crane's-bill, covers and beaiitities the thatched roofs of many of the houses of Eiinis. Carduus nutans, musk thistle, has occasionally, yet rarely, been picked up on the side of the north rojid from Corrotin toward Gort. Hydro- <'haris morbus ran;?, common frog bit, occurs in a marsh of the Fergus above Ennis. Lycopodium sela^'enoides, nlpine club moss, abounds in moist grouiuU near (ilaning, at the base of the Burren mountains. A<pidium thelypteris, noarsh aspidium or polypotly, occurs in a mar>h above Emiis. Iris fn>tidis>ima, stinking iri<, is found in Ennis churchyard. Cock's foot panic-gru^s has offered a few M'arre !«pe<*imens on the sjuidhills of Dough, near Leliinch. Lysimachia vulgaris, yellow loose-strife, grows on the east bank of a loughlet adjoining the lands of Drumkevan. Phnpinella magna, great burik>t saxifrat^e, is found about the high road at Rosstrevor. Vaccinium vitis Idear, red whortle-berry or crow-berry, covers many of the rocky mountains. ^eduni telephium, or pine or live-long, covers the walN of the old fortalice of Cabiromond, near Kilferiora. Mentha pulegium, penny roval, grows rather plentifully in the churchyard of £nnis. Betonica oiVicinalis, wood betony, occurs in the wood, by the river side, at C'orronanngh. Cardamine bellidifolia, dai^y-leaved lady's-smock, has been found on the ro(*k< about Finto. Chciranthus sinuatus, sea-stock, ha<, in a few instances, been found at high-water mark, around tlie sandhills of Dough. Althsa officinalis, marshmallow, is prodigiously abundant in all the salt marches of the Shannon and the Fergus. (.fiiaphalium dioicum, mountain cudweed, abounds on the JJurren mountains. Viola lutea, yellow mountain paniy, grows on the sandhills of Dough and Hallinguddy. Satyrium hircinum, lizard orchis, occurs ill very shady situations, among shru4)s, in the barony of rulla. — Some remarkably fine myrtles, both broad and narrow leaved, well-fumished, and upwards of IS feet hi^Ol, have been grown on open ground at Ralahine ajid Bunratty. — Cyder orchards, for, the production of the beverage called Cackagee, were formerly of considerable note, but seem tobave fallen into disrepute. The Cackagee apple is remarkably sour; and, in consequence of its being always a scanty crop, and of its growing chiefty in the neighbourhood ot the sea, on spots little subject to frost or snow, it almost necessarily wears out the patience of cultivators.—in 1841, the planted wowls consisted of 1 A}{)2 acres of oak, :V27 of ash, 13 of elm, 42 of beech, .^72 of Hr, J,OU of mixed trees, and 674 of orchards; and of these there were planted, previou"* to 17i>l. 1,*2S4 acres of oiik, 177 of ash, 1 of elm, 23 of beecli, 1,402 of mixed trees, and 200 of orchards. Hut the number of detached trees, ailditional to the wo(»ds. was •2-2*i,lG9, equivalent to 1 ,389 acre«* ; and thus the total actual amount of plantations was 9,093 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Picturesque environs of Cavan town

Cavan · town · Cavan

Cavan, a former parliamentary borough and capital of the county, is surrounded by an undulated landscape of swells, tumuli, and verdant hills. Despite its picturesque character, the local agriculture suffers from a barbarous system of small enclosures and poor drainage.

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Environs.'^ — The environs of Cavan are nearly all undulated with swell, tumulus, and hill, very various in outline, generally verdant in dress, and decidedly picturesque in character and grouping. The demesnes of Farnham and Kilmore, the one noble and the other episcopal, and situated respectively 1 1 mile west, and 2^ south-west of the town, abound in the beauties of cultivation and embellbhment, and communicate an air of joyousness to all the country in their vicinity. See Farnham and Kilmore. But, with the exception of these grounds, and of some other and inconsiderable portions of land, all the beautiful country around the town, is so grievously maltreated by a barbarous system of agricultural economy, as to have both its pleasantness marred, and its vigour seriously neutralized. Small enclosures mince it down into the merest pendicles, in a manner destructive alike to ornamental appearance and to profitable culture ; the little green hills are Bubsectioned and cut to pieces, till the enclosures athwart their surface resemble an ill-contrived network; and the wretched ditches are carried along hollows, across descents, and in all other absurd directions fitted to counteract, rather than effect, the drainage of the spongy soil and very retentive subsoil which prevail.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Pier building and destruction at Barna

near Barna · street · Galway · 1798–1831

A pier built at Barna in 1798 at private expense was demolished by a storm after minor damage went neglected. It was rebuilt with public grants in 1822, destroyed again in 1829, and partially rebuilt with charitable funds in 1831, becoming the only safe harbour for small craft on 22 miles of coast.

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BARN A, a fishing village in the parish of Rahoon, barony and county of Galway, Oonnaught. It stands at the head of a creek or cove of Gtdway bay, on the road from Galway along the north coast of the bay, about 4 nu\eA west by south of Gralway. It consists chiefly of a long, straggling, double row of cabins, extending parallel with the coast. At its west end are some uninteresting remains of an old castle. In its vicinity is Barna-hoir<e, the seat of Mr. Lynch, the proprietor of the village. A little way to the east, at a deflection of the road to G«lwav, are a thatched Roman Catholic chapel and ' v holy welL' In 17^, A pier was built at tne private expense of the proprietor; it extended about 470 feet, had a li^htnouse on the head, and overlooked about 620 fv*it of quays and walling round an interior dock ; but. in consequence of the neglect of some trifling injury it had previously sustained, it was demolishea in one night by a storm. In 182^ it wm rebuilt by means of public grants, amounting to £373 6s. 9d. ; and, being again destroyed in ISliK), it was, in 1831, partially rebuilt, with charitable funds, by the officer of the coast-guard, and the collector of Omlway. This pier is found to be very useful for the fisheries ; it is sheltered from the south and south-west gales ; and it is the only safety harbour for small crafi on 22 miles of coast. Pop. not specially returned.
BARN A, a hamlet in the parish of Dunkcrrin, baron V of Clonlisk, King's co., Leiiister. Pop., in 1881/81.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Pillar-stones and ancient crosses near Spancel Hill and Kilfenora

Kilfenora · town · Clare

Pillar-stones and ancient crosses occur between Spancel Hill and Tulla, and at Kilfenora, Dysert, and Kilneboy Abbey. These monuments are noted among the antiquities of the county.

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telliited houses, and other old buildings dignified with the inune of canities, are exceedingly numerous ; but in only a few instances, are worthy of notice. &fr. Dutton enumerates no fewer than 118, and savt that trailition assigns the erection of so many of these as 57 to the family of Macnamara. Many were feudal t>tren^'th> thrown up for the defence of usurpation and robbiTv ; and not a few were ordinary mansions of Aii^'lo-Saxon settlers, fortified for protection against the jti^t n>«entment of the natives. Bunratty Castle, the luo^t important of the whole, is described under the word Hi:nratty ; and any others which can fairly challenge attention will Im; noticed in their appropriate places. Of the 118 enumerated by Mr. Dutton, 2 inhabited and 1 1 uninhabited are in Burren ; I inlialnted and 13 ruinous are in Corcomroe ; 2 inhabited and 20 ruinous are in Inchiquin ; 1 inhabited and 26 ruinous are in Bunratty; 3 ruinous, ill iNlaiid^ : 3 ruinous, in Clonderalaw ; I inhabited and :\ ruiiiou^, in Moyarta ; and 1 inhabited and 5 ruiiiou-i, in Ibriekane. — Pillar-stones and ancient cro^^es occur U^tween Spancel-Hill and Tulla, and
at Kilfenora, D>^ert,and Kilneboy Abbey* existed,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Pillar tower at Cork Cathedral destroyed at storming

Cork · city · Cork

A pillar tower formerly stood in the cemetery of Cork Cathedral but was damaged by fire from the fort on Barrack Hill during the storming of Cork under Marlborough. It was subsequently taken down and completely obliterated.

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all built between the years 1725 and 17SA, hymam of a tax imposed by act of parliament of one ■hilling per ton upon all coal and culm comuined within the city. It is a plain, massive, dull, tastelesa, obloiy pile, totally destitute of what ia uaaally r^arded ai cathedral character, and possessing hardly a cbia to any sort of architectural consideration. The old tower rises from the west end, and ia aurmoinitcd by an octagonal spire of most unsymmetrical proportions ; the body of the church affects the Oiifie oriler, but has windows with wooden sash frapieti and presents hardly a feature of attraction to cither the superficial observer or the artist ; and the interior is distinguished from that of an ordinary psn^ chial place of worship only by the bishop's throw and the stalls of the dignitaries. A pointed doorway is the only one of even the remnants of the x structure which draws attention ; it i« reoesi richly moulded ; it consists of two distinct ornamented in low relief, — the outer by duster columns and a cinquefoiled head, and the inner by bold and well-relieved mouldings. The aunoandiaf cemetery is densely crowded, and contains a fev monuments worthy of notice. A pillar tower formerly stood in the cemetery ; but, bariiig sustahicd much damage from the fort on Barrack -hill at the storming of Cork under Marlborough, it was takea down, and has become completely u^>literated. The Diocesan Library, with olRces attached, is at the east bide of the cathedral, and still contains the books of its founder. Archdeacon Pomeroy. The episcopal palace, built by Bishop Mann, is a Iar]sr. handsome, square edifice, fronting the west end of the cathedral, and possessing very liniitetl pleasafegrounds.>-The church of St. Anne Shaiidon stands on a considerable eminence, and has an ungracefal, disproportionatelj^- large, and pepper-box like steepte of 170 feet in height, — consisting of a square tower and a graduated turret of three stories, but makuy some amends for its ugliness by the music of a tolerably good chime of bells Christ-church is a pUa

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Pillar-tower in Clones cemetery

Clones · town · Monaghan

A cemetery on the opposite side of the road from the chapel contains a pillar-tower with five stories, 10 feet in diameter, with rough exterior masonry but fine limestone within. The tower shows no evidence of a staircase and its entrance is 10 feet from the ground, possibly originally 20 feet before rubbish accumulated.

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of Clones, claimed all the credit which doubtful narrative assigned to St. Tigernach 's supposed structure; and it acquired landed property which u*as given at the suppression to Sir Henry Duke, and which passed in the effluxion of time to Lord Dacrc. The walls of a small chapel yet remain ; they are built of limestone within, and of square-cut and uncemented sandstone without; the side walls are faced with dressed stone only 4 or 5 feet high, while the gable is faced with it to the top ; and the entrance perforates the gable, and is in the pointed style of architecture. Around the chapel is a cemetery enclosed by a very strong wall ; and on the opposite side of the road is another cemetery similarly enclosed, — apparently united to the former previous to the formation of the road,— and still containing a pillar-tower, and various whimsically shaped and antiquely carved monumental grave-stones. The pillar-tower had five stories, and seems to have been divided into floors supported by beams ; but, though peculiar in these particulars, it exhibits no vestige or evidence of having had a staircase ; it is 10 feet in diameter in the clear; its masonry is very rough without, but all of fine limestone within ;* its walls are 4 feet thick, but diminish toward the top to a thickness of 2 feet ; and its entrance is 10 feet from the ground, but, previous to the accumulation of rubbish round the basement, was probably 20 feet. Near the cemeteries are two earthworks which fancy or the antiquarian fever may variously suggest to have been aboriginal intrench ments, Danish raths, feudal moats, or comparatively modern military woiks thrown up for the defence of the town. The learned statist of the county speaks so magniloquently respectmg them, that his description may amuse as well as inform. ** The great fort," savs Sir Charles, *' is all an artificial mound of earth, which was raised for the protection of the town. This fort is very steep and difficult of access, and commands the town and country around for a great extent. This artificial mound was made on the summit of a hill, which naturally favoured its position, and is far above the level ground. Within this area, and around its base, is a deep fosse cut out, that has always the finest water, even in the driest seasons. * • So great a fosse must also have afforded a considerable defence to its garrison, as well as convenience. At tlie summit, it has a double parapet, of a circular form, thy one elevated 10 feet above the other. Without the fosse is another parapet, which is still considerably higher than the level of the adjoining ground, to which its glacis has a formidable slope. The whole of the works are enclosed in a square, an<l cover iii area about an Irish acre. Contiguous to it, and facing its salient angle, next the town, is a lesser fort, which is well defended by the church steeple, and flanks the principal parts of the works." — A eorbeship, the nature of which is ill-explained by historical documents, and certainly receives anything but elucidation from Arcbdall's comparing it to " a collegiate church," formerly existed \n Clones ; and, in the time of the rebellion in the reign of Elizabeth, it ^^lis granted by the Pope of the day to a boy, the eldest son of MacMahon.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

Pillar tower remains at Carrigeen near Croom

Carrigeen · townland · Limerick

About a mile west of Croom, at Carrigeen, stand the remains of a pillar tower which have generally escaped notice from antiquaries or visitors.

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made a con-<picuou9 figure in verv early timef. "Tht very name of Croom," remark Mr. aiid Airs. Hall, *' is redolent of its heathen origin, «« a Ufmple of the ruler of the Irish gods, the formidalile Ooom, or Tarran, the Thunderer." Some Druidical remains are traceable in its vicinity. An old castle at the town was the residence of the Fitx^eralds, and furnished them with their war-cry of Croaa-a-boo; and within its walls, the present proprietor, John Croker, Esq., of Ballinaguard, baa fitted up a confortable residence. * At Carrigeen, about a mile to the west, are the remains of a pillar tower, «rbidi have generally es^caped notice. Area 37 acre*. Pop., in I83I. 1,268 ; in 1841, 1,470. Hou«ea 20a Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 113; in manufactures and trade, 1 13 ; in other punruita. 80. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 7; on the directing of labour, 116; mithrir own manual labour, 151 ; on means ikot rpedfie«l, 32.
CROSS, a village in the parish of Kilballyovrea, in the barony of Moyarta, co. Clare, Muii-ter. Area* 14 acres. Fop., in 1841, 15a Houses 2a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Plains of Boyle described as rich pasture lands

Boyle · town · Roscommon

The Plains of Boyle stretch from Ardcarne to Eastersnow and consist of boldly undulated high limestone grounds. They are renowned for their rich pastures and their property of fattening horned cattle.

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BOYLE, a barony in co. Roscommon, Connaught. It was divided a few years ago into the two baronies of Uoyle on the north, and Frenchpark on the south ; and its southern or Frenchpark division was subsequently altered by the cession of two townlands to the barony of Roscommon, and the acquisition of 6 townlands from the county of Mayo. See Frenchpark. Our brief view ot the physical geography of the barony must be understood as referring to its former and uncurtailed extent. It is bounded on the west by the county of Mayo; on the north-west by the county of Sligo ; on the north and east by tlie county of Leitrim ; on the south-east by the barony of Roscommon ; and on the south by the western section of the barony of Ballintobber. Its greatest length, from north-east to south-west, is 25 miles; its greatest breadth, in the opposite direction, is a little upwards of 9 miles ; and its area, as estimated by Mr. Weld, is 94,283 Irish acres, — of which 65,137 are arable land, 25,548 are bog, and 3,598 are water. Loughs Allen, Gara, Skene, a large turlough, some minor expansions of the Shannon, and some minor still lakes, are on the boundaries; and Loughs Key, Oakport, and Meelagh, and numerous smaller lakes, are in the interior. The chief streams are the Shannon, along the eastern boundary ; the Boyle, the Breeogue, and the Suck, in the interior ; and the Luny along part of the western boundary. The coal mountains of Lough Allen in the north, the Curlew mountains in the northwest, the hill of Ballyfermoyle nearly 3 miles northwest of Battlebridge, and the hill of Fairymount at the watershed between the systems of the Suck and the Shannon, are the principal high grounds, and are all of the sandstone formation : the other parts of the barony consist of limestone. ** No other part of the county," says Mr. Weld respecting this barony, *' affords such decisive indications of wealth and improvement, and yet in none are more lamentable pictures of destitution, ignorance, and poverty to be seen ; in none, lands of greater fertility ; in none, of a much poorer quality ; examples might be adduced of the very best and the very worst roads ; and whilst some parts of the surface rite into lofty bills and mountains, others are spread into dead flats, annually inundated to a ruinous extent by sluggish rivers." The plains of Boyle are a tract of from 7 to 10 square miles, commencing at Ardcarne, about 3 miles east of Boyle, and extending to the south of the line between these two places as far as Elastersnow; they are '* plains" only in smoothness of outline, or in freedom from rocks or ravines ; they are, in fact, high grounds of limestone formation, and boldly undulated m surface ; and they are famed for their rich pa^ures, and their property of fattening homed

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Pleasing landscape of Clonlonan barony

Clonlonan · townland · Westmeath

The barony of Clonlonan in Westmeath presents a pleasing contour of undulated plain and gentle hill with well-cultivated, ornate land. The small district on the Shannon is bog or fen, and its only town is Moate-Grenogue.

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CLONLONAN, a barony on the west siue of co. Westmeath, Leinster. It is bounded, on the north, hy the baronies of Kilkenny- West and Movcashel ; on the east, by the harony of Moyeasuel and King's CO; ; on- tlie south, by King's co. ; and on the west, by co. Roscommon and the barony or Brawney. Hs greatest length, from east to west, is 6^ miles; its greatest breadth, in the opposite direction,, is 5^ miles; and its area is 32.117 acres, 2 roods. 13 perdies. — of which 88 acres. I rood, 4 perches are water. The Shaimon bounds the west side of the portion which marches with Roscommon; and a considerable rivulet, which falls, near Ballykerrin. into the south-eastern limb of Lough Ree. drains a large part of the interior of tbe main body, and courses along the whole of its nofthem boundary. The small district on the Shannon is all bog or fen; some other small districts, especially in the west, are aUo bog ; hut by far the greater part of the surface presents a pleasing contour of undulated plain and gentle hill, and consists of aggregately good, well-cultivated, and somewhat ornate land This barony contains part of the
parishes of Kilcumreagh and Kilmanaghan. and the whole of the parishes of Ballyloughloe and Kilcleigh. Iti only town is Moatc-Greiiogue ; and its chief viU

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

Population of Batterjohn hamlet

Batterjohn · townland · Meath · 1831

Batterjohn is a hamlet located in the parish of Derrypatrick, barony of Lower Deece, County Meath. Its population was recorded as 91 in 1831.

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BATTERJOHN, a hamlet in the parish of Derrypatrick, barony of Lower Deece, co. Meath, Leinster. Pop., in 1831, 91.
BATTERSTOWN, a Roman Catholic parish in the CO. and dio. of Meath, Leinster. Post-town, Clonee. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Portroe village in Castletown-Arra parish

Portroe · town · Tipperary

Portroe is a village situated within the parish of Castletown-Arra on the western border of the barony of Owney and Arra, seven miles west by north of Nenagh in County Tipperary.

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by north of Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Munster. It con^' tains the village of Portroe: which see. Length, southward, 4 miles; extreme breadth, 3 ; area, 9,273 acres, 3 roods, 15 perches, — of which 2,469 acres, 30 perches, are in Lough Derg. Pop., in 1831, 4,110 ; in 1841, 4,292. Houses 697. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,845. Houses 623. The surface ex. tends along the lower part of Lough Derg; and con. sists variously of mountain, hill, bog, and plain, but predominantly of good arable land. The road from Nenagh to KilUloe wends through the interior in a curvature somewhat corresponding with the line of Lough Derg's sweep; and it commands brilliant views of the lake itself, and of the broad and many, featured frame- work of country in which its long mirrory expanse is set. On the slopes of the hills which skirt the shores of the lower reach of the lake, are slate-quarries which now belong to the Royal Irish Mining Company, and which have been long and successfully worked, under the misnomer of the slatequarries of Killaloe. The loftiest summits within the parish, on the south-east boundary, and on the southern boundary, have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 1,083, 1,127. and 1,517 feet. The principal residences are Gurrykennedy, Shannon ville Landstown, Cloneybrien, and Castle-Lough, — the
last the seat of Mr. Parker This parish is a rectory

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Presbyterian meeting-house at Goorey

Goorey · townland · Donegal

A Presbyterian meeting-house at Goorey drew an attendance of between 100 and 280 worshippers, serving the Presbyterian community within the parish of Clonard.

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separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £556; glelie, Jt*l4H. Gross' income, £704; nett, £603 10s. Patron, the Marquis of Donegal. The incumbent holds also the adjoining benefice of Culdaflf. A curate has a stipend of X75. The church is situated in the village of Malin, and was built, in 18*29, by means of £250 raised by subscription, £t^S4 2s. I'Od. raised by parochial assessment, and £200 borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits. Sitting 300 ; attendance, from 70 to 9(). A Presbyterian meeting-house at Goorey has an attendance of from 100 to 2H0. A Roman Catholic chapel at Bocan has two officiates, and an attendance of 700 at one service and 1,400 at another. Two Roman Catholic chapels, at Aughacoy and Lagg, have jointly 3 officiates, and an attendance of 2,000. In 1834. the parishioners consi<>ted of 423 Churchmen, 810 Presbyterians, and 5,569 Roman Catholics ; 3 Siuiday schools had an average attendance of al»out 433 children, but one of them was Roman <*athoIic and had 300 of the whole; and 1 1 daily schools — one of which was supported chiefly by subscription, one was aided with about £11 a-year from the London Hil>ernian and the London ladies' Hibernian Societies, one was salaried with £10 lOs. from the Marquis of Donegal, and 3 were in connection with the National BoanU-had on their books 513 boys and 288 giris.
CLONCHtTRCH. See CLoMEnoRKB.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Presentation nunnery, Carrick-on-Suir

Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary

A convent for nuns of the Presentation order stands in Chapel-lane in Carrick-on-Suir, with a large schoolhouse attached. The nuns conducted a daily school with around 500 girls on the books.

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CARRICK-ON-SUIR, a market and post town, on the southern margin of the above parish, stands on the left bank of the river Suir, and on the road from Waterford to Clonmel, 10^ miles east by south of Clonmel, 19 south by we^^t of Kilkenny, and 75^ south-south-west of Dublin. One long street runs from west to east, somewhat parallel to the river; three other streets intersect this, and lead down to the river; some lanes are appended and interlaced; and a spacious fair green, with some good houses around it, lies on the northern outskirt. The parish-church, in spite of great age, is in good order ; and it has a monument of John, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1693, and a large and rather coarsely executed modern marble monument of James Power, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1704. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome and very spacious edifice. The Presentation nunnery stands in Chapel-lane, and has attached to it a large schoolhouse. Large and stately remains exist, within an extensive and beautiful park, of a castle which belonged to the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde. This castle was built by Thomas Dubh, or Bkck Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, upon the site of a priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ; and here the great Duke of Ormonde resided, and heard the first intelligence of the rebellion of 1641. Mason's Statistical Account, of 1816, describes the castle as containing a room 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 13 high; and as having some well-preserved old tapestry depicted with the deeds of Samson, and a sculpturing, daubed with ochre, of the arms of Thomas, Earl of Ormonde and Ossory; but Mr. Wogan, who was then proprietor, took down much of the old building, allowed only two square towers and the habitable part to stand, and erected additions and made renovations in excellent keeping with the ancient structure, and good adaptation to the purposes of a comfortable modern residence. A branch of the family of Butler takes from this place the title of Earl of Carrick. The bridge across the Suir was built in 1309, and, though a plain structure, is in better order, and has a better appearance, than most bridges of its age. The prison is a new structure, but was badly finished; and, in 1841, it underwent repair and improvement. The market-house is a tolerably good structure. The barrack contains very indifferent accommodation for a troop of cavalry and two regiments of infantry. A wall formerly surrounded the towTi, and not long ago could be dis

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Projected Dublin–Enniskillen railway through Virginia and Cavan

Virginia · townland · Cavan

The Dublin and Enniskillen railway, as projected by commissioners, was to traverse County Cavan near the Enniskillen mail-road, touching Virginia, passing near Ballyjamesduff, and touching the town of Cavan.

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the greater part of the crofls-roads are ill-pUnned, and so miserably kept as to be, in some plaoei or seasons, nearly impracticable. The county tufTeyor is officially stated, in a report of 1842, to have inspected the formation of 78 miles of new road since his appointment, and to have 3,000 miles of road under his charge. In 1841, a new road was formed from Ballyconnel toward Enniskillen and Sligo ; and the roads from Cavan to Cootehill, from Ballybane to Newbliss, and from Arvagh toward Longford, were altered. The principal lines of road through the county are 4 in number, and all traverse it in divections between north by west and north-west by north : one enters from the south-east extFcmity, and passes through Kingscourt, Shircock, and Coote.. hill, toward Clones ; the second enters 5^ miles west of the former, passes through Bailieboroii^, and joins the former a little south of Cootehill; the third enters a little east of Lough Ramor, passes through Virginia, Ballyjamesduff, and Cavan, sends off branches to Belturbet and toward Clones, and departs in the direction of Enniskillen; and the fourth enters between Loughs Ramor and Sheelan, passes through Ballynenagh, Killeshandra, and Swanlinbar, and departs to ramify itself toward Enniskillen and Sligo. The only navigation enjoved by the county is down the Erne from Belturbet to Lough Erne, and thence, throi^h the Ulster canal» to the ramified water communications of the northeast of the kingdom. The Dublin and Enniskillen line of railway, as projected by the C^mmissiooers, traverses the county in considerable nearness to the track of the Enniskillen mail-road, — touching Virgiiiia, passing near Ballyjamesduff, and touching the town of Cavan.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Proposed canal linking Lough Conn and Ballina

Ballina · townland · Mayo

A canal of three and a half miles with a lockage producing a fall of 27 feet was proposed to connect Lough Conn with the naturally navigable River Moy at Ballina.

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Proposed western termination of the extension of the Loyal canal ; a natural navigation of 1 1 miles northward exists through Loughs Cullen and Conn ; and a canal of 3| miles, with a lockage prmlucing an aggregate fall of 27 feet, will connect Lough Conn with the naturally navigable Moy at Ballina. The proposed extension of the Royal Canal tracing it eastward, goei 2 or 3 miles up the Moy from Lough Cullen, then proceeds up a westerly floMring tributary of the Mov, passes close to Kilkelly and a little south of Ballaghadireen, descends the Gara rivulet, goes across the head of Lough Gara, curves through co. Roscommon so as to pass a little to the south of Elphin, and enters the Shannon not far from Richmond Harbour, the present termination of the canal. The extension of the Grand and the Royal Canals properly form one scheme, while the opening and connecting of the Connaught kkes forms another; and the latter is so singularly recommended by natural and existing facility, that only 17 miles of aggregate artificial navigation, would produce or render available an actual navigation ot not less than 97 miles. The lakes possess an ordinary depth of probably not less than 7 feet, and seem peculiarly adapted to steam navigation ; and they are surrounded by a plenteous produce of exactly those articles — such as oats, potatoes, turf, hay, lime, marl, granite, marble, sandstone, limestone, slates, and brick-day — which are made available to the general market only by facility and cheapness of carriage.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 233

Proposed railway lines from Dublin to Connaught

Roundstone · town · Galway · 1840–1846

Lines of railway were recently proposed to run from Dublin via Athlone to Sligo, Blacksod Bay, and Roundstone Bay, though they did not seem likely to be executed in the near future.

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(UiiHinttniratioHx.] — The great district of yrestem 11 i^li lands was, at a recent date, almost everywhere inacrfssihlo to a wheeled carriage, and even yet contains lar^'e tracts which continue utterly impracticalile : yet it has been extensively opened up by exi'cllent roads, and is undergoing exactly such a proce>s of rapid and ameliorating revolution as followed the construction of rends throughout the IlighlaixU of Scotland. The roads of the great low country U*ar comparison for goodness with those of ino<it parts of the other three provinces of Ireland ; and, in proportion to the density of population and the amount of prinluce, they are quite or very nearly as much ramiticd. Lines of railway, all by way of Athlonc. were recently proposed to be constructed from Duhliu to the town of Sligo in the north-east, to Hl;ick*od bay in the north-west, and to Roundstone luy in the south-east ; but they do not teem likely, for the present at least, to be cjirried into execution. The Shannon navigation is enjoyed up to the head of l.ouch Allen ; the artificial navigation of the Grand <'ahal to Hallinasloe ; and the natural navigation of the .Moy to iSallina. Projects have been seriously eiitirtained, of extending the Grand Canal to the foot ot Louirh ('orrib, extending the Royal Canal to the font of LouK'h CuUen, a little above Foxford, and coiiiiectiiu: both with a ramified navigation, chiefly natural and partly artificial, through the lakes and nv.r> of the interior with the sea at Galwa^r, Westport, and Killalia. The details of these projects are neH's.iaiily multitudinous; yet may possibly be ren- (i('re<l distinctly intelligible in a very succinct statement. The proposed extension of the Grand Canal runs up the Suck from Ballinasloe to Bally foraii, <lrfli'ct'i wi'-Jtward by Ballinainore, falls upon the riar.> river at Brook-Lodge, and proceeds down that stream to Lou.is'li I'orrib, but sends off a branch from the virinity oi Clare-Gal way direct to the heail of Loui^h Athalia at Galway. A proposed canal of altoiit one-third of a mile, through ditlicult ground, but ^tiU quite practicable, will connect Galway Har- Itour with the Galway river; and a natural navigatu)n theruv run** 25 miles north-north- west ward---3 of them }H>ing up the Galway river, and 22 to the head of Lou^'h Corrib in the vicinity of Cong; while another natural navigation of \i miles goes wi'^tward up an arm of f^ough Corrib, which deflects tioin near tlie head of the lake, and penetrates the nuMiiitain. country of Cunnemara right in the direc- (i(»n ot the head of the Killeries. A proposed canal ot 'J; mile* will connect Lough Corrib with Lough .Ma>k. ami po-t^'-is lockage to rai^e the level 36 feet; anil a natural navitration then exists of 9 miles northwa-il in LouL'h Mask, with an ofr<ihoot of 6 miles ea^twanl in Louch Carra. The line is prolonged ; northward from Lough Ma<k, by deepening the Ayle river 7 miles to roolc<lge lake', and cutting a canal | 3 nnle- tlu'iK'e to the lake* of Ca<tlebar. A oro- ' po^rd canal of 4 miles now comes up eastward from W«-«tp<>rt, with liN*kiu:e to the aggregate height of . *J2 U-t'i ; a na'ural navitration of 7 miles exists east- I iiortli-ea^twanl throukrh Castlebar lakes to Ca*tle- . bar ; a ean.il ot 4 mile« north-ea«tward, with lockage ■ ot (^> teet Ml a;ru'regate rise, will connect the Castlebar lakes uith the improvable part of tbe Castle- i

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 233

Proposed Royal Canal route through Roscommon

Elphin · town · Roscommon

The proposed extension of the Royal Canal was to trace through County Roscommon, passing south of Elphin before entering the Shannon near Richmond Harbour.

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Proposed western termination of the extension of the Loyal canal ; a natural navigation of 1 1 miles northward exists through Loughs Cullen and Conn ; and a canal of 3| miles, with a lockage prmlucing an aggregate fall of 27 feet, will connect Lough Conn with the naturally navigable Moy at Ballina. The proposed extension of the Royal Canal tracing it eastward, goei 2 or 3 miles up the Moy from Lough Cullen, then proceeds up a westerly floMring tributary of the Mov, passes close to Kilkelly and a little south of Ballaghadireen, descends the Gara rivulet, goes across the head of Lough Gara, curves through co. Roscommon so as to pass a little to the south of Elphin, and enters the Shannon not far from Richmond Harbour, the present termination of the canal. The extension of the Grand and the Royal Canals properly form one scheme, while the opening and connecting of the Connaught kkes forms another; and the latter is so singularly recommended by natural and existing facility, that only 17 miles of aggregate artificial navigation, would produce or render available an actual navigation ot not less than 97 miles. The lakes possess an ordinary depth of probably not less than 7 feet, and seem peculiarly adapted to steam navigation ; and they are surrounded by a plenteous produce of exactly those articles — such as oats, potatoes, turf, hay, lime, marl, granite, marble, sandstone, limestone, slates, and brick-day — which are made available to the general market only by facility and cheapness of carriage.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 233

Proposed steam-boat navigation on the Boyle River

Boyle · town · Roscommon

The Boyle River, formed by the waters of Lough Gara, was slated for alterations by the Commissioners for the Improvement of the Shannon Navigation. These artificial works were intended to make it navigable for steamboats to Boat House Ford.

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BOYLE (The), a river of the barony of Boyle, CO. Roscommon, Connaught. It is formed by the superfluent waters of Lough Gara, and by the numerous rivulets which flow into that lake ; and runs across the old barony, from the extreme west to the extreme east, cutting off about one-third of it on the north from about two-thirds on the south. It runs 4 miles north-of-eastward from Lough Gara to the town of Boyle, 2 miles north-eastward from Boyle to the river's huge expansion of Lough Key, and between 5 and 6 miles thence east-south-eastward to the Shannon, at a point 1| mile above Carrick-on- Shannon. From the bridge of Boyle to the Boat House Ford, 3 furlongs above Lough Key, it falls 44 feet, and runs over a bed of rock, along a narrow valley ; but from the Boat House Ford to the Shannon, it has very little aggregate fall, is still, voluminous, and so singularly expansive, as to make the greater part of it« course a chain of lakes. Alterations and artificial works upon it, proposed by the Commissioners for the Improvement of the Shannon Navigation, will render it navigable for steam-boats to Boat House Ford, a distance of 9 miles from the Shannon. A nain part of the traffic of the Upper Shannon is expected to result from these improvements on the Boyle. See Key (Lough).

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Public gardens at Hammond's Marsh in Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Hammond's Marsh, situated between the town and the start of the Mardyke promenade, was provided with public gardens and a large bowling-green planted with regularly cut trees on its margin.

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leading to them removed. In 1712-13, the wooden brid^it at the north and south enda of the city were pulled down, and nuperKeded by handsome stone erections. In 1719, Mr. E^iward Webber constructed the public wM. c&XXed the Mardyke, nearly an Eng. Iii>h mile in length, westward along a marnh to near the point where the Lee forks into two main-channels ; and, at its termination, he built a brick house, and enclosed a tea-garden, which became a favourite summer resort of tne citizens. Hammond's Marsh, which lay between the town and the commencement of this promenade, was also provided with public gardens, and had **a large and pleasant bowling-green, planted on its margin with trees kept regularly cut." In 17*2-5, the east marsh and DunscoinbeV .Marsh had become so extensively edificed and peopled as to be erected into the pansh of St. Paul*!*, and provided with a parochial place of worship. In 17 lo and 17*2B, gaols for the county at large, > and for the county of the citv, supplanted the old castles and gates which Btoo<l at tne ends of the miiin street, and had then become ruinous; but these gaols were incommodiou'* and ungraceful structures, as insecure as they were lumpibh, and they have necessarily been swept away in the progress of a maturing improvement. The various canals and ditches, which cut the site and immediate environs of the old town into a labyrinth of islets, were gradually arched over; and the roadways which superseded them combined with the embankments, and raised grounds upon periodically flooded marshes, to consolidate the whole tract between the two outer channels of the Lee into one island. In 1774, the canal which ran through the middle of the present Henry-street was arched; in 177B, the canal between Hammond's quay and the west side of the city walls was converted into a street which received the name of the celebrated Grattan ; in 1780, a canal between Tuckey's quay and the Mall, was formed into the present Grand Parade ; in 17B3, the canal between Long quay and Colville's quay became Patrick -street ; about the same time, the Potatoe quay dock, between the subsequent corn market and bridewell, was covered in ; in 1795. the canal called Fenn's quay, was converted into Nile-street; and soon after other canals were formed into Nelson's-place and the South Mall, — the latter the best street in Cork. Improvements, or rather exten&iions, were commenced aNo around the quondam villages of Old Cork and Blackpool; and these have so far and rapidly pushed series of street-lines along the extreme sides of the Lee, and up the adjacent slopes, as practically to have placed two large towns in juxtaposition with the renovated and extended river-girt city of the marshes.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Quin Abbey neighbourhood's fine tillage ground

Quin · town · Clare

The soil around Quin Abbey is described as light limestone, with a large and charming tract of fine tillage ground extending many miles around the meeting point of the parishes of Quin, Clonlea, and Kilmurry. This area represents some of the better agricultural land in County Clare.

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simply to their proper or immediate materials; and, in oflTering a succinct view of their distribution, we shall follow him as a sound, practical authority. The soil of by far the greater part of the western mountainous district, south of Doolan, and also of the eastern or Slieve Baughta mountainous district, consists of moor or bog, varying in depth from two inches to many feet, and lying upon a ferruginous or aluminous day, or upon sandstone rock. The soil of the Burren mountains, and of the adjacent heights of the limestone district, so far as these singularly naked uplands possess any soil, is of course the gravel and diluvium of limestone, often very shallow, but everywhere free from moss, and surprisingly opulent m both the quantity and the quality of its herbage. The soils of a belt of partition between the calcareous and the schistose regions are formed by the intermixture of the debris from the different classes of rocks, and constitute — as at Lemenagb, Shally, Apple vale, Riverston, and other placessome of the best land in the county. The soil in the neighbourhood of Quin Abbey is a light limestone ; and a large and charming tract of fine tillage ground extends many miles on all sides of the point at which the parishes of Quin, Clonlea, and Kilmurry meet. But the pride of the county are alluvial fiats or bottoms which exteml partly along some second-rate streams, but chiefly along the Fergus and the upper part of the Shannon, and which are provincially called corcaghs or corcasses. They indent or intersect the adjacent high grounds in a great variety of shapes ; and they are various in breadth, and aggregately constitute an area which has been estimated at from 10,000 to upwards of 20,000 acres, and which may possibly accord with either of these figures agreeably to the more stringent or the more lax sense in which alluvial ground is understood. These lamls appear to be characteristicalljr argillaceous, or to consist of a deep, dark-coloured earth, over a black or blnish clay, and are designated black and blue corcasses, according to the nature of the substratum : the black is less retentive than the blue, and is most esteemed for tillage ; and the blue consists, to the surface, of a tenacious clay, and is reckoned best for meadow. They are usually thought to be of vast depth ; but have been ascertained, in at least one locality, to lie upon limestone gravel at not more than ten feet from the surface. A part of them, called Tradree or Tradruibe — supposed to be a corruption of Terre de Boi, * the land of the King,' — is asserted by tradition to have been the private patrimony of Brian Bororah, and is pro* verbially fiructiferous.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Rahana mansion in Charlestown parish, Louth

Rahanna · townland · Louth

The mansion of Rahana, the seat of Clarges Ruxton, Esq., stands on the eastern border of Charlestown parish in County Louth. Other seats in the parish include Harristown, Cookstown, and Pepperstown.

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CHARLESTOWN, a parish on the western border of the Imrony of Ardee and co. Louth, and 2^ miles north-north-west of the town of Ardee, Leinster. Length, south-eastward, 3 mile«; breadth, from 8 furlongs to 2^ miles; area, 2,6J)9 acres, 2 roods, 26 perches. Pop, in 1831, 1,407; in 1841, 1 ,390. Houses 234. The land is of very good quality for both pasture and tillage. The interior is traversed by the road from Ardee to Carrickmacross. The mansion of Rahana, the seat of Clarges Ruxton, Esq., stands on the eastern border. The other seats are Harristown, Cookstown, and Pepperstown. A hamlet in the parish bears also the name of Charlestown. Pop., in 1831, 50.— This parish is a vicarage, in the dio. of Armagh. Vicarial tithe composition, £37; glebe, £21. The rectorial tithes arc com-
S)unded for £234 178. 6d. ; and are impropriate in aron Foster. The vicarages of Charlestown, Tal- LAN8TOWN, and Mapastown, and the rectories of Philipstown and Clonkeehan [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Charlestown or Philipstown. Length, 4^ miles; breadth, 3 j. Pop., in 1831, 4,39L Gross income, £476 15s. 4d. ; nett, £348 18s. 7d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church was built, in lrt28, at the cost of £1,604 7s. 6d. ; of which £219 17s. 6d. was raised by subscription, and the rest was borrowed from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300 ; attendance, from 110 to 120. Two Roman Catholie chapels at Tallanstown and Reastown have jointly an attendance of 1,963 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. In 1634, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 178, and the Roman Catholics to 1,313; the Protestants of the union to 480, and the Roman Catholics to 4,660. In the same year there was no scliool in the parish ; and 6 daily schools in the union had on their books 162 boys and 96 giris.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Railway crossing of the Lee near Ballincollig

near Ballincollig · town · Cork

A proposed railway line crosses the river and valley of the Lee near Ballincollig at an elevation of 70 feet above high water, approximately 165.5 miles from Dublin. The route forces its way through a half-mile tunnel through a ridge of hills before reaching this crossing point.

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above Blarney, at a point 236 feet above the high water datum ; follows the right bank of the Martin to its confluence with the Shawnagh river ; and, where the Shawnagh, which hitherto had flowed soutii- weftward, makes a sudden deflection to a south-easterly course toward the Lee, the railway sweeps round in a south-westerlv direction, and, forcing its Mray by a half«mi]e tunnel through a ridge of bins, crosses the river and valley of the Lee near BallincolUg, at an elevation of 70 feet, 165^ miles from Dublin. It now resumes its south-westerly direction to t)ie river Bride ; passes 7 or 8 miles up the valley of that stream ; crosses to the valley of the Lee 2 or 8 miles below Macroom ; ascends the south-east side of tbe extensive swamps of tbe Lee about Toom ; passes close to Drumcarrow-castle, and tbe village of Indiegeelagh ; and thence, after skirting the north shores of the lakes above that village, crosses at their upper end, and. when 194 miles from Dublin, arrives at tbe road leading from Macroom to the celebrated pass of Cummineer, and at an altitude of 269 feet above the level of high-water mark. '* Here," says the Report, ** the facilities for railway formation are much diminished, and difficulties of gradient and physical obstacles interpose for nearly 20 miles, of a character which, if not unprecedented, is at least formidable, and in one or two of the points gigantic. It will rest with the Commissioners and the Government to determine how far the object attainable by surmounting them, is worthy of the cost which must accrue.' The railway still closely follows the Lee upwards of 3 miles ; then leaves the stream, enters the pass of Cvmmineer, plunges into a tunnel of 2,000 yards in length, and attains, at the south end of the tunnel and the pass, its maximum or summit altitude of 469 feet above high-water level, at nearly 199 miles from Dublin. The work crosses the vallev of Coomhoola by a viaduct about 600 or 700 yards in length, and about 200 feet in extreme height; skirts the head of Bantry hay ; and, approaching Glengariff south of Captain white's grounds, carves across a chain of islands and intervening vtifcters in the bays, on an embankment and occasional arching, at an elevation of 62 feet above high- water. " Glengariff bay once passed," says the Report, **the distance to Berebaven is 19 miles; and a line may be traced along the north shores of Bantry bay, cutting through the projecting points, and striding across a few snail inlets. A short tunnel of 800 yards, near Roosk, and the crossing of Adrigoole bay, are the chief points of difficulty in this distance." The termination recommended is upon Dinish Island, opposite Castletown-Berehaven, 23U miles from Dublin, and about 22 feet above the level of high- water. — Over 5 miles and 20 chains from the

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

Railway from Dublin to Kilkenny near Carlow

Carlow · townland · Carlow

A railway from Dublin to Kilkenny, authorised by act of parliament before 1838, passes across the west of County Carlow along the right bank of the Barrow near Carlow and Leighlin-Bridge. A proposed second railway branches off near Carlow, crossing the Barrow at the southern outskirt of the town toward Newtownbarry.

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Communications,'} — The only water communication is the navigation of the Barrow. The mail-road from Dublin to Waterford passes through Carlow, down the left bank of the Barrow to Leighlin-Bridge, and thence 3 miles down the right bank of the Barrow into CO. Kilkenny. The other roads are num. erous, and generally kept in good repair; and they are maintained by Grand Jury presentments, and have not a single turnpike. Previous to the appointment of a county surveyor, the main lines of road, and such as led to gentlemen's seats, were the only ones attended to ; but since then, the cross roads have, for the most part, been put and kept in order. A railway from Dublin to Kilkenny, for which an act of parliament was obtained previous to 1838, passes across the west wing of the county, down the right bank of the Barrow, near Carlow and LeighUn- Bridge ; and a proposed railway to Kilkenny, a survey for which was laid before the Railway Commissioiiers, branches off from the former in the western vicinity of Carlow, crosses the Barrow at the southem outskirt of the town, and goes south-eastward across the county to Newtownbarry.
Divisions and Towns.'] — The county is divided into the baronies of Carlow in the north-west, Rathvilly in the north-east. Forth in the middle of the east, Idrone-East in the centre and slightly in the east, Idrone-West in the western wing, and St. MuUins in the south. The only corporate towns, ancient or modern, are Carlow and Old Leighlin ; the only town of considerable size is Carlow ; the only other place fairly entitled to be called a town is Leighlin-Bridge; the principal villages, or complimentarily the small towns, are Bagnalstown, Borris, TuUow, and Hacketstown; and the only other noticeable villages are Clonegal, Rathvilly, Old

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 187

Railway route near Mitchelstown caves

Mitchelstown · town · Cork

The proposed Cork and Dublin railway was planned to ascend ten miles to a summit near the Mitchelstown caves, 376 feet above high water sea-level, before descending along the Droebawn river.

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early as possible. This railway, in at once length, construction, traffic, and returns, will greatly resemble the Dublin and Kingston railway See Passagk.— The Cork and Limerick railway was also projected before the Railway Commis-ioners began their inquiries; and is thus noticed in their report : ** Now that one of their railway lines will occupy the l>est ground he^ tween Limerick* and Mallow, I have no doubt the parties promoting the original line will be content to start off from the Cork line at or near the latter town, continuing the route either by Doneraile or by Ballyclough to Buttevaiit, and thence by Charleville and Bruree to Limerick, so soon as the views of the Commissioners are made public. * * The Cork and Limerick railway, in connection with the lines laid out by your Commission, would be' of great advani&ce to the agricultural and rural districts of the counties of Cork and Limerick, connecting some ot their chief towns with the respective shipping- ports, and also with Dublin. The roost expensive part ot the line from Cork to Mallow, being' necessarily formed as part of the main line from the metropolis, will render the completion of the remainder much easier ; and by adopting gradients suited to the extent of traffic, and laying down, in the first instance, a bingle line of railway, the time and cost of contract may be brought within a very moderate extent." — The Cork and Dublin railway, as laid down by the Commissioners, branches from the Main Trunk railway from Dublin, on the west bank of the Suir, a little south of Holycross in co. Tipperary ; but soon crosses to the left bank of the Suir, and runs down that bank to the west side of CH^hel. The summit south of that town is 332 feet above the datum ; and if the rise were uniform thither from the Main Trunk, it would exhibit an ascent of 2} feet ^r mile. The line continues on the left bank of the Suir to a point a little above Cahir, and descends thither at a gradient of 1 in 314,— or pos»ibly but 1 in 330 ; and about midway between Cahir and Casbel, it is intersected by the railway from Limerick to Clonmel and Waterford. The level of the rails at the crossing of the Suir, above Cahir, is 75 feet above that of the valley, and 227 feet alntve that of high water in Dublin Iwy. The railway now runs 2 statute miles parallel with the river to a point ;) of a mile from the centre of Cahir, and 106 miles from Dublin ; and it then deflects into the line of the newr post-road from Cahir to MitcbelUtown, and ascends 10 statute miles parallel with its south side, in a gradient of 1 in 4>j2, to the summit near the Mitchellstown caves, and 376 feet above high water scslevel. It now, for 5 miles, descends at the gradient of 1 in 334, along the right bank of the Droebawn, one of the head-streams of the Puncheon ; and enters the county of Cork at a point 1 mile north of MitcbelUtown, and 126 miles trom Dublin. The line then rises toward Kildorrery at the rate of 1 in 634, and continues 2 miles fiirther with a very slight rise; it then falls 1 in 440 to the Awbeg river, 2 miles north of Castletownroche, and 136 iidles from Dublin ; and liaving crossed the Awbeg by a short but high viaduct^ it makes a gentle but continuous fall by way of Sbanakilty and Anakii>hey, down the Spa Glen, to the Blackwater at Mallow, I45i miles from Dublin. The railway passes over the streets of Mallow at a considerable elevation, and crosses the stream and vale of the Blackwater by an expensire viaduct and embankment, GO feet above the level of the river, and 178 feet above the level of high water in Dublin bay ; it then rises, in the rapid gradient of 1 in 173 for 7 miles, to the summit at the water-shed between the basins of the Blackwater and the Lee,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Railway viaduct over the Awbeg at Castletownroche

Castletownroche · town · Cork

The planned railway line falls toward the Awbeg river two miles north of Castletownroche, where it crosses the river by a short but high viaduct before continuing down the Spa Glen.

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early as possible. This railway, in at once length, construction, traffic, and returns, will greatly resemble the Dublin and Kingston railway See Passagk.— The Cork and Limerick railway was also projected before the Railway Commis-ioners began their inquiries; and is thus noticed in their report : ** Now that one of their railway lines will occupy the l>est ground he^ tween Limerick* and Mallow, I have no doubt the parties promoting the original line will be content to start off from the Cork line at or near the latter town, continuing the route either by Doneraile or by Ballyclough to Buttevaiit, and thence by Charleville and Bruree to Limerick, so soon as the views of the Commissioners are made public. * * The Cork and Limerick railway, in connection with the lines laid out by your Commission, would be' of great advani&ce to the agricultural and rural districts of the counties of Cork and Limerick, connecting some ot their chief towns with the respective shipping- ports, and also with Dublin. The roost expensive part ot the line from Cork to Mallow, being' necessarily formed as part of the main line from the metropolis, will render the completion of the remainder much easier ; and by adopting gradients suited to the extent of traffic, and laying down, in the first instance, a bingle line of railway, the time and cost of contract may be brought within a very moderate extent." — The Cork and Dublin railway, as laid down by the Commissioners, branches from the Main Trunk railway from Dublin, on the west bank of the Suir, a little south of Holycross in co. Tipperary ; but soon crosses to the left bank of the Suir, and runs down that bank to the west side of CH^hel. The summit south of that town is 332 feet above the datum ; and if the rise were uniform thither from the Main Trunk, it would exhibit an ascent of 2} feet ^r mile. The line continues on the left bank of the Suir to a point a little above Cahir, and descends thither at a gradient of 1 in 314,— or pos»ibly but 1 in 330 ; and about midway between Cahir and Casbel, it is intersected by the railway from Limerick to Clonmel and Waterford. The level of the rails at the crossing of the Suir, above Cahir, is 75 feet above that of the valley, and 227 feet alntve that of high water in Dublin Iwy. The railway now runs 2 statute miles parallel with the river to a point ;) of a mile from the centre of Cahir, and 106 miles from Dublin ; and it then deflects into the line of the newr post-road from Cahir to MitcbelUtown, and ascends 10 statute miles parallel with its south side, in a gradient of 1 in 4>j2, to the summit near the Mitchellstown caves, and 376 feet above high water scslevel. It now, for 5 miles, descends at the gradient of 1 in 334, along the right bank of the Droebawn, one of the head-streams of the Puncheon ; and enters the county of Cork at a point 1 mile north of MitcbelUtown, and 126 miles trom Dublin. The line then rises toward Kildorrery at the rate of 1 in 634, and continues 2 miles fiirther with a very slight rise; it then falls 1 in 440 to the Awbeg river, 2 miles north of Castletownroche, and 136 iidles from Dublin ; and liaving crossed the Awbeg by a short but high viaduct^ it makes a gentle but continuous fall by way of Sbanakilty and Anakii>hey, down the Spa Glen, to the Blackwater at Mallow, I45i miles from Dublin. The railway passes over the streets of Mallow at a considerable elevation, and crosses the stream and vale of the Blackwater by an expensire viaduct and embankment, GO feet above the level of the river, and 178 feet above the level of high water in Dublin bay ; it then rises, in the rapid gradient of 1 in 173 for 7 miles, to the summit at the water-shed between the basins of the Blackwater and the Lee,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Railway viaduct over the Blackwater at Mallow

Mallow · town · Cork

The proposed railway line passes over the streets of Mallow at a considerable elevation and crosses the stream and vale of the Blackwater by an expensive viaduct and embankment.

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early as possible. This railway, in at once length, construction, traffic, and returns, will greatly resemble the Dublin and Kingston railway See Passagk.— The Cork and Limerick railway was also projected before the Railway Commis-ioners began their inquiries; and is thus noticed in their report : ** Now that one of their railway lines will occupy the l>est ground he^ tween Limerick* and Mallow, I have no doubt the parties promoting the original line will be content to start off from the Cork line at or near the latter town, continuing the route either by Doneraile or by Ballyclough to Buttevaiit, and thence by Charleville and Bruree to Limerick, so soon as the views of the Commissioners are made public. * * The Cork and Limerick railway, in connection with the lines laid out by your Commission, would be' of great advani&ce to the agricultural and rural districts of the counties of Cork and Limerick, connecting some ot their chief towns with the respective shipping- ports, and also with Dublin. The roost expensive part ot the line from Cork to Mallow, being' necessarily formed as part of the main line from the metropolis, will render the completion of the remainder much easier ; and by adopting gradients suited to the extent of traffic, and laying down, in the first instance, a bingle line of railway, the time and cost of contract may be brought within a very moderate extent." — The Cork and Dublin railway, as laid down by the Commissioners, branches from the Main Trunk railway from Dublin, on the west bank of the Suir, a little south of Holycross in co. Tipperary ; but soon crosses to the left bank of the Suir, and runs down that bank to the west side of CH^hel. The summit south of that town is 332 feet above the datum ; and if the rise were uniform thither from the Main Trunk, it would exhibit an ascent of 2} feet ^r mile. The line continues on the left bank of the Suir to a point a little above Cahir, and descends thither at a gradient of 1 in 314,— or pos»ibly but 1 in 330 ; and about midway between Cahir and Casbel, it is intersected by the railway from Limerick to Clonmel and Waterford. The level of the rails at the crossing of the Suir, above Cahir, is 75 feet above that of the valley, and 227 feet alntve that of high water in Dublin Iwy. The railway now runs 2 statute miles parallel with the river to a point ;) of a mile from the centre of Cahir, and 106 miles from Dublin ; and it then deflects into the line of the newr post-road from Cahir to MitcbelUtown, and ascends 10 statute miles parallel with its south side, in a gradient of 1 in 4>j2, to the summit near the Mitchellstown caves, and 376 feet above high water scslevel. It now, for 5 miles, descends at the gradient of 1 in 334, along the right bank of the Droebawn, one of the head-streams of the Puncheon ; and enters the county of Cork at a point 1 mile north of MitcbelUtown, and 126 miles trom Dublin. The line then rises toward Kildorrery at the rate of 1 in 634, and continues 2 miles fiirther with a very slight rise; it then falls 1 in 440 to the Awbeg river, 2 miles north of Castletownroche, and 136 iidles from Dublin ; and liaving crossed the Awbeg by a short but high viaduct^ it makes a gentle but continuous fall by way of Sbanakilty and Anakii>hey, down the Spa Glen, to the Blackwater at Mallow, I45i miles from Dublin. The railway passes over the streets of Mallow at a considerable elevation, and crosses the stream and vale of the Blackwater by an expensire viaduct and embankment, GO feet above the level of the river, and 178 feet above the level of high water in Dublin bay ; it then rises, in the rapid gradient of 1 in 173 for 7 miles, to the summit at the water-shed between the basins of the Blackwater and the Lee,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Rathcormack and Doneraile lose corporate status

Rathcormack · town · Cork · 1800–1846

Prior to the Legislative Union, Rathcormack and Doneraile were parliamentary boroughs. Unlike the other former boroughs in the county, they ceased to be corporate towns governed by incorporated authorities.

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are bridew-eUs at Cork, Bantry, Skibbereen, Roatcarbery, Cloffhnakilty, Dunmanway. Bandon, Kinsale, Aliddleton, Cove, Macroom, MilUtreet, Kanturk, Mallow, Ferinoy, Mitchelltttown, Charleville, and Castletown. Two stipendiary magistrates are stationed at respectively Dunmanway and Mit<;bellstowir. — On January 1, 1842, the constabulary force (if the East Riding con^^isted of I fir»t-rate county inspector, 1 extra-rate sub.inspector, I firstt-rate subjnsipector, 2 second-rate sub-inspectors, 4 third-rate sub-inspectors, 1 first-rate bead constable. 7 secondrate bead constables, 53 constables, 223 first-rate sub-constables, and 50 second-rate sub-constables; that of the West Riding consisted of 1 third-rate county inspector, 3 fir^t-rate sub-inspectors, 4 secondrate sub-inspectors, I third-rate sub-inspector, 1 firstrate head con>table, 8 second-rate head constables, 84 constables, 145 first-rate sub-constables, and 29 second-rate sub-constables ; and that of the county of the city coiiNisted of I first-rate sub-inspector, I third-rate sub-inspector, I first-rate head constable, 1 ^econd-^ate head con»tab1e, 26 constables, 113 firstrate sub-constables, and 17 second-rate sub-constables. The expense of the constabulary force during the year ending 31st Dec, 1841, was, for the two Ridings, £25.4<)($ 15*. .Id., and for the county of the city, £5,81X5 14s. 5^(1 — The parliamentary representation, previous to the Legislative Union, consisted of two members from the county, two from the city, and two from each of the following boroughs, — Kinsale, Youghul, Bandon, Mallow, Doneraile, Rathcormack, Middleton, Charleville, Castle-Martyr, Baltimore, and Cloghnakilty. The present representation consi>ts of only two members from the county, two from the city, one from Youghal, and one from Bandon. The amount of compensations for disfranchisement at the Legislative Union, was £150,0U<). The quondam parliamentary boroughs, with the exception of Rathcormack and Doneraile, are still corporate towns, governed by incorporated authorities. The county constituency, in 1841 — exclusive of the constituency of the city, and of Youghal and Bandon — amounted to 3,7(^; of whom 4 were £50 freeholders, 424 were £20 frt-eholders, 1.352 were £10 freeholders, 12 were £50 rent-chargers, 5<5 were £20 rent-chargers, \:\5 were £20 leaseholders, and 573 were £10 leaseholders The direct taxation levied by grand jury

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Ratteen cloth manufacture, Carrick-on-Suir

Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary

An excellent fabric of narrow ratteen cloth was long manufactured in Carrick-on-Suir. Before the rebellion it employed no fewer than 3,000 persons and produced 5,000–6,000 pieces annually, but by 1846 the manufacture had entirely disappeared.

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Carrick-on-Suir is distingnished, in nearly eqoal proportions, by the exquinte opulence and soft beauty of the sumptuous ralley which foima its environs, and by the haggard misery, the aqualid poverty, the pinched and starving destitution oif employment, which characteriie the great body of iti Sipulation. " I know of few finer prospects." wmjt r. Inglis, ** than the valley of the Suir preaenta, at it opens upon one from the heights above CanidLi It is of great extent, of the utmost fertility, extremely well wooded, with fine nomitains for a background, with a broad navigable river iowiny through the centre, and adorned by many fine domains. I do not think it is equalled by toe vale of Clwyd. It rained torrents as I descended towards Carrick, which nevertheless looked well, with its old bridge, and ivied castle, and pleasant environs; but, like many continental towns, there was a aul falling off on entering it I was struck with its deserted falling-off appearance, — with the number of bouses and shops shut up, and windows brokenr^ and with the very poor ragged population that lingered about the streets. Nor were these appearances dissipated by fiuther opportunity of obserration : I had not yet visited any town in a poorer condition than this. Carrick-on-Suir, once a town of great prosperity and large manufacture, and situated in one of the most iU)undant of districts, appears to be now distinguished only by the extreme poverty of its population. I found the price of lahoor here lower than I had ^et anywhere found it. Sixpence to eightpence, without diet, and even for temporary employment, was all that could be obtained; and, at this price, many hundreds of unemployed labourers could have been got by boldin^^ up mie's finger. * * I noticed, amongst other mdicattons of the small means of the lower classes, stalls set out with a miserable assortment of small bits of meat, the offal of pigs chiefly ; and much of the meat was in a state unfit to be eaten. These monels were sold at a penny, three-halfpence, and some of them even so low as one halfpenny.'* An excellent fabric of narrow ratteen cloth was for a long period manufactured in the town, and was in high and e>> tensive repute ; the making of it, previous to the rebellion, employed no fewer than 3,000 persons, ud produced 5,000 or 6,000 pieces in the year; but the manufacture had so decreased 25 years a^ as to employ only 500 persons, and now it nas entirely disappeared. The trade along the river, both up to Clonmel and down to Waterford, was long Impof^ tant and lively, and, in 1816, employed 45 boats ud 102 boatmen ; and this trade, thouffh hr fi^Nn having suffered such disaster as the tonner, has slw been in a withering condition. There are in the town some small tanyards and breweries. Fain an held on the Tuesday after Whit-Sunday, on Anc: ) 5, and on the first Thursday of Oct, 0. 8. AhnA of the National Bank was established in ISSft. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a car to Kilkeniyi 3 cars in transit between Waterford and Clonmo. a car in transit between Waterford and Thurles, sal a car and a mail-coach in transit between Witer> ford and Limerick. A railway which was pwqected, or at least talked of, 9 or 10 years ago, was ^^■^f^ to pass within 4 miles of the town, and to aoM dT

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Ravaging of Fingall to the Hill of Howth

Howth · townland · Dublin · 1013

In retaliation for ravaging Meath, Maelseachlin, King of Meath, set fire to parts of Leinster and ravaged Fingall as far as the Hill of Howth in 1013. He was then met and defeated by MacMorough of Leinster and the Danish king of Dublin.

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A battle, which took name from Clontarf, and was long famous over Europe, and still figures in man^ a i^tory of the Irish peasantry, and in many a disquisition of Irish antiquaries, is so very vanously narrated that we may hope to maintain ordinary correctness only by sketching its merest outlines. In 909, Maelmurry MacMorough usurped the throne of Lcin»ter ; and, in 1013, aided by the Danes and the Lugcnians, he entered and ravaged Meath. In retaliation, Maelscachlin, King of Meath, set fire to the adjacent parts of Leinstcr, and ravaged Fingall as far as the Hill of Howth ; but he was there met and defeated by MacMorough of Leinster, and by Setric, the Danish king of Dublin. During upwards of 110 years, the Danes had conducted a continual struggle with the native Irish throughout Fingall ; and now that they enjoyed the alliance of a native prince, and occupied a position of triumph, they provoked the celebrated Brian Boromh to make a stouter effort than he had yet attempted for breaking their power. Brian, though not less than 64, or, as some writers think, 88 years of age, rushed from Munster to the assistance of the defeated Muelseachlin, and encamped at Kilmainham from August to Christmas without being able to briug his foes to battle. He retired to Munster, but returned in the Lent of 1014, encamped at Clonturk, and provoked a general action on the 23d of April. The Danish forces were strengthened by the army of the King of Leinster, and by numerous auxiliaries from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the Western Islands of Scotland. Brian Boronih's army consisted of his Momonian forces, and of the troop« of Meath and Connaught headed by their respective kings; and, of three
columns or divisions into which be dispoMd ihatt, the third consisted of the Eugenians and Deariiii, the second consisted of the Conatiaas and a t(Um% body of Munster men, and the first, whidi was iatended for the commencing attack* consisted of the tribe of Dalcas commanded by himself and bk im sons, and the forces of Meath under their king Msal seachlin. At sunrise, when the signal for battle wis

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 220

Rebuilding of Castlecomer House after 1798

Castlecomer · town · Kilkenny · 1798

Following the burning of the town and mansion during the 1798 rebellion in revenge for the colliers not joining the rebels, the Dowager Countess of Ormonde energetically led a rebuilding effort. She built or rebuilt the fine mansion of Castle-Comer House in the immediate vicinity of the town.

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The town of Castle-Comeb standa on the road from Dublin to Kilkenny by way of Athy, ID milea north by east of Kilkenny, 13 Boath-south-west of Athy, and 46^ south-west by south of Dublin. The noble family of Wandesforcf possessed 17*000 acres of land around the town, and bore the title of Barcmi of Castle-Comer. The Countess of Ormonde, at only child and sole heir of the last Earl of Wandet* ford, inherited these lands along with other considerable estates; and, when Dowager Countess, she built, or rather rebuilt, in the immediate vicinity of the town, the fine mansion of Castle-Comer House, adorned its demesne with extensive plantations, and encouraged the towns-people to aspire to order and neatness, and to practise every species of available industry. The Countess was stimulated to her noble efforts b^ an occurrence which would have flung a less spirited proprietor into despondency and inertion, — the burning of the town and manaion during the rebellion of 1798, in revenge for the collien not joining the standard of the rebels ; and so energetically did she invoke the resources of the unhoused and dispersed but faithful people, that what had been an obscure and disagreeable crowd of miserable cabins, speedily rose irom the ashes a regular, handsome, and pretending little town. The present proprietor, the Hon. C. H. Wandesford, has followed up the exertions of the Countess, and has been aided, in his laudable endeavours, by the more influential inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood ; and now he has the luxury of seeing his town, though in a high and naturally bleak position, more free fron both real and feigned misery, and more ani^ and jocund in appearance, than the great majority of even the most favourably situated Irish towns of ita siie. — The Bruckhagh rivulet, often culled the Comer or Comber, a common name for a mountain-stream, runs in front of Castle-Comer House ; the ruins of a castle surmount an artificial mound opposite the mansion; and these two objects have originated the name of Castle-Comer. The site of the town* though high in relation to the general altitude of the country, occupies a sort of basin or sloping hollow, on the beautiful Dinane rivulet, formed bv the eonfluence of the Clohogue, the Dean, and tne Bruckhagh ; and the flowingly curved hills which sarroaad it are partly covered with plantations, and gire the environs a warm and an ornamental appearance. The principal street is editiced with neat, two-atory, slated houses ; and has each side shaded mth a row of trees, and disposed in the manner of a mall. The tower of the church looks up from a little aheet of wood on the face of a neighbouring hilL A new market-house was built by Lady Orasonde ; and a barrack for infantry cost upwards of £4^0Q0l A weekly market on Saturday is the scene of « eoasiderable trade in dairy and' field produce ; and finis are held on May 3 and Aug. 12. The publle een* veyances, in 1838, were a car to Kilkenny, and tiro coaches in transit between Kilkenny and Dmblin. The Dublin and Kilkenny line of railway* m pio> jected by the Commissioners, passes witUn 6 atatnto

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

Rebuilding of Clogher Church

near Clogher · town · Tyrone · 1041–1205

The church of Clogher was reportedly rebuilt in 1041 and dedicated to St. Macartin. It was later re-edified and enlarged in 1205 by Bishop Matthew MacCathasaidh.

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said to be commemorated in the name Clogher. The residence of very ancient toparchs is next alleged to have stood at the place, and to have made it the metropolis of the petty principality of Errigal; a fact pretended to be thoroughly vouched by the circumstance of a neighbouring parish being called to this day Errigal- Keerogue. An abbey, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is next alleged to have been founded previous to the date of the pretended similar institution at Armagh, and to have been presided over by St. Patrick, preparatory, or at least prior, to his commencing at Armagh the work of abbot, of archbishop, of primate, or of whatever other character fancy may assign to him in that ecclesiastical metropolis. A cell and monastery are next alleged to have l>een founded, several years before the close of the 5th century, by St. Macjrtin; and are of course very stoutly vouched by the fact, that this Macartins name is retained in the full designation of the modern parochial-cathedral church. All these structures are probably as undiscoverable by a calm and cautious antiquary, as they are invisible to a passing tourist ; and even storied structures of Inter periods possibly did not all exist in just the form, and for exactly the u.ses, which current description assigns them. We are told that the church of Clogher was rebuilt in 1041, and dedicated to St. Macartin ; that it was re-edified and eidarged, in 12U5, by Bishop Matthew MacCathasaidh ; and tiiat, at various periods preceding the close of the 14th century, there were built two chapels and a number of minor religious houses. But, in 1396, a fire is admitted to have swept the whole away ; and, in the absence of any very authentic documentary evidence, this occurrence, so wondrously convenient for the visionary antiquaries, may be quoted as quite a satisfactory reason for a man's cherishing no great faith in the abundant and singularly suspicious antiquities of Clogher.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 209

Religious demographics and hedge-schools in Bantry

Bantry · town · Cork · 1834

In the diocese of Elphin, Bantry's rectorial tithes were impropriate in the Earl of Essex, and the Roman Catholic chapel had an attendance of 900. In 1834, there were 15 Protestants and 3,769 Roman Catholics, alongside 4 hedge-schools educating 219 boys and 68 girls.

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dio. of Elphin. The vicarial and the rectorial tithes are each compounded for £175; -and the latter are impropriate in the Earl of Essex. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 900. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 15, and the Roman Catholics to 3,769 ; and 4 hedge-schoob had on their books 219 boys and 68 girls.
BATTERJOHN, a hamlet in the parish of Derrypatrick, barony of Lower Deece, co. Meath, Leinster. Pop., in 1831, 91.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Remains of Bray Castle in modern dwelling

Bray · town · Wicklow · 1170–1846

Walter de Reddesford received a grant of the town and lordship of Bray from Earl Strongbow and was confirmed as Baron of Bray by Henry II. The remains of a castle he appears to have built, residence of the lords of Bray, may still be seen in the town incorporated with a modern dwelling.

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Walter de Reddesford received from Earl Strongbow, a grant of the town and lordship of Bray, and of a great extent of adjacent territory, reaching as far southward as to include Castledermot. He bore the title of Baron of Bray, and was confirmed in that dignity by Henry II.; and, in the 15th year of the reign of John, he obtained a patent for a fair at the town, together with the privilege of free warren. The remains of a castle which he appears to have built, and which was the residence of the lords of Bray, may still be seen in the town, incorporated with a modem dwelling. Reddesford dying without male issue, his great possessions in the counties of Wicklow, Dublin, and Kildare, were divided between his two daughters, — Emmiline, wife of the younger Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, — and Christiana, wife of Geoffrey de Montmorency, Baron de Morisco, and de Montemarisco, and, in 1215, viceroy of Ireland. The manor of Bray afterwards passed through varioas families, and is at present divided between the proprietor of the Bray Head demesne, and the noble proprietor of Kilruddery. — Area of the Wicklow section of the town, 97 acres ; of the Dublin section, 27 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831. 3,758; in 1841, 3,185. Houses 540. Pop. of the Wicklow section, in 1831, 2.590; in 1841, 2,203. Houses 382.
BRE A, a headland in the barony of Iveragh, co. Kerry, Munster. It forms the south-western termination of the island of Valencia : which see.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Remarkable myrtle cultivation at Bunratty

near Bunratty · parish · Clare

Myrtles of remarkable size, both broad and narrow-leaved, growing upwards of 15 feet high, were successfully cultivated on open ground at Ralahine and Bunratty.

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of the Burren mountains, and at Magherinraheen. Nvinph.iM uiha, white water-lily, is common in the lake of Iiirhiquin and in many other places. Ranunculus lin^Mia, ^reat spearwort, grows in a marsh at the side uf the Fergus, above the bridge of Ennis. Jiept'ta cataria, nep or cat mint, grows on the roadside, opposite to Limerick. Turritis hirsutn, hairy towiT inu-itard, abounds on tlie rocks at Clifden. GeraiiiuMi li>cidum, shining crane's-bill, covers and beaiitities the thatched roofs of many of the houses of Eiinis. Carduus nutans, musk thistle, has occasionally, yet rarely, been picked up on the side of the north rojid from Corrotin toward Gort. Hydro- <'haris morbus ran;?, common frog bit, occurs in a marsh of the Fergus above Ennis. Lycopodium sela^'enoides, nlpine club moss, abounds in moist grouiuU near (ilaning, at the base of the Burren mountains. A<pidium thelypteris, noarsh aspidium or polypotly, occurs in a mar>h above Emiis. Iris fn>tidis>ima, stinking iri<, is found in Ennis churchyard. Cock's foot panic-gru^s has offered a few M'arre !«pe<*imens on the sjuidhills of Dough, near Leliinch. Lysimachia vulgaris, yellow loose-strife, grows on the east bank of a loughlet adjoining the lands of Drumkevan. Phnpinella magna, great burik>t saxifrat^e, is found about the high road at Rosstrevor. Vaccinium vitis Idear, red whortle-berry or crow-berry, covers many of the rocky mountains. ^eduni telephium, or pine or live-long, covers the walN of the old fortalice of Cabiromond, near Kilferiora. Mentha pulegium, penny roval, grows rather plentifully in the churchyard of £nnis. Betonica oiVicinalis, wood betony, occurs in the wood, by the river side, at C'orronanngh. Cardamine bellidifolia, dai^y-leaved lady's-smock, has been found on the ro(*k< about Finto. Chciranthus sinuatus, sea-stock, ha<, in a few instances, been found at high-water mark, around tlie sandhills of Dough. Althsa officinalis, marshmallow, is prodigiously abundant in all the salt marches of the Shannon and the Fergus. (.fiiaphalium dioicum, mountain cudweed, abounds on the JJurren mountains. Viola lutea, yellow mountain paniy, grows on the sandhills of Dough and Hallinguddy. Satyrium hircinum, lizard orchis, occurs ill very shady situations, among shru4)s, in the barony of rulla. — Some remarkably fine myrtles, both broad and narrow leaved, well-fumished, and upwards of IS feet hi^Ol, have been grown on open ground at Ralahine ajid Bunratty. — Cyder orchards, for, the production of the beverage called Cackagee, were formerly of considerable note, but seem tobave fallen into disrepute. The Cackagee apple is remarkably sour; and, in consequence of its being always a scanty crop, and of its growing chiefty in the neighbourhood ot the sea, on spots little subject to frost or snow, it almost necessarily wears out the patience of cultivators.—in 1841, the planted wowls consisted of 1 A}{)2 acres of oak, :V27 of ash, 13 of elm, 42 of beech, .^72 of Hr, J,OU of mixed trees, and 674 of orchards; and of these there were planted, previou"* to 17i>l. 1,*2S4 acres of oiik, 177 of ash, 1 of elm, 23 of beecli, 1,402 of mixed trees, and 200 of orchards. Hut the number of detached trees, ailditional to the wo(»ds. was •2-2*i,lG9, equivalent to 1 ,389 acre«* ; and thus the total actual amount of plantations was 9,093 acres.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Rev. Daniel Beaufort, mapmaker, incumbent of Collon

Collon · town · Louth

The Reverend Daniel Augustus Beaufort, LL.D., author of the well-known Civil and Ecclesiastical Map of Ireland and its Memoir, served as incumbent of Collon parish and died in that incumbency. He was a notable figure in Irish cartographic and antiquarian scholarship.

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Eropensitv, and a rhododendron of about 10 feet in eight, whose circumference he ascertained by actual measurement to be 80 feet." In the vicinity of what is caUed the pavilion, is a winter garden, which contains a singularly rich collection of the different ipeciet and varieties of shrubs. The Right Hon. John Foster long represented the county of Louth tn parliament, and was for roan^ years Speaker of the Irish House of Commons. His lady, Margaretta- Amelia Burgh, a descendant of the ancient family of De Burgh, Earls of Ulster, was created Baroness Oriel of CoUon in 1790, and Viscountess Ferrard of Oriel in 1797. with remainder to her male issue by Mr. Foster, her husband. Mr. Foster continued to represent Louth in the in>perial parliament till 1821 ; and then, on the occasion ot the coronation of George IV., he was created Baron Oriel of Ferrard in the peerage of Britain. He died at Oriel Temple in 1828, aged 88 years ; and was succeeded by his son Thomas Henry Skeffhigton Foster, fir^t Viscoant Ferrard, and second Baron Oriel. The Rev. Daniel Augustus Beaufort, LL. D.,the author of the wellknown * Civil and Ecclesiastical Map ef Irehuid,' and of the * Memoir of a Map of Ireland,' was lonn^
incumbent of CoUon, and dieil in its incumbency

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

Rev. Horgan erecting a round tower near Blarney

Blarney · town · Cork · 1830–1846

In a sequestered glen where the Awmartin descends into the valley, the Rev. Matthew Horgan is erecting a round tower close to his chapel, with a view to rival his ancestors and puzzle posterity. The neighbourhood also has many circular raths and square intrenchments with subterranean cells.

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The exquisitely beautiful environs of Blarney, though but partially noticed by Mr. and Mrs. Hall, cannot be better exhibited than in their graphic account of the part which they select for description. ** The scenery in the neighbourhood is agreeable; but the g^unds that immediately surround the castle are of exceeding beauty. Nature has done rouch more for them than art ; although there is evidence that the hand of taste had busied itself in the dutj of improvement. * The sweet Rock-close' is a small dell, in whieh evergreens grow luxuriantly, completely shaded with magnificent trees. At its termination are the ' Witches* Stairs,* a series of rugged stone steps whieh lead down through a passage in the rock to a delicious spot of green sward forming the bank of a clear rivulet, and where some singular masses appear to have been ' the work of Druid hands of old.' We visited 'the sweet Rockclose' — it well deserves the epithet— during a sunny day in June ; and never can we forget the fragrant shade afforded by the luxuriant evergreens which seem rooted in the limestone rock ; the little river Comane is guarded by a natural terrace, fringed bj noble trees ; several of the spaces between are grottos— natural also ; some with seats, where many a love tale has been told, and will be, doubtless, as long as Cork lads and lasses indulge in pie-nic f§tes while the blackbird whistles, and the wood-pigeon coos in the twisted foliage above their heads : it is indeed a spot of exceeding wildness and singular beauty ; at some particular points you catch a glimpse of the castle, the river, and the mysterious entrance to the * Witches' Stairs.* Stall, notwithstanding the variety of these objects, and a cave, moreover, where some beautiful princess of old went through — ^like the lady in Comus — a long enchantment, the character of the Rock-close is one of deep shadow ; occasionally a sunbeam struggles through the gloom, and points out a bed of the richest moss, or a * grey stone' winged with waving fern; and it is a place wherein to meditate upon the mystery that such a scene should ever have been abandoned by its possessor, who now takes little more interest in his beautiful domain than to crowd its rich meadows with as fine cattle as we ever remember to have seen in any country. We wandered from the shades of the Rock-close across the green and richly wooded pastures which lead to the lake, — a fine expanse of water, about a quarter of a mile from the castle. The scenery here is rather English than Irish, but every step is hallowed by a legend : it is implicitly believed that the last Earl of Clancarty who inhabited the castle, committed the keeping of his plate to the deepest waters, and that it will never be recovered until a MacCarthy be again Lord of Blarney. • • Those who visit Blarney-castle would be repiud for their trouble by extending their drive through a sequestered glen, in which the Awmartin descends into the valley ; the road wanders through this beautiful pass almost as wildl v as the river, and at its extremity the Rev. Matthew Horgan, with true antiquarian gusto, is erecting a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

Richard Longfield of Longueville as patron

Longueville · townland · Cork

Richard Longfield, Esq., resided at Longueville and acted as an alternating patron of the rectory of St. Paul's in Cork. The incumbent of St. Paul's also held the benefice of Inchegeelagh.

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St. Paul's.'] — This parish lies wholly in the city. It mea!>ures not one -sixth of a mile in length, and not one-fourteenth of a mile in breadth ; and its area is only 22 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,028; in 1841, 4,563. Houses 386.— St. Paul's is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cork. Gross income, £266; nett, £252 4s. 7d. Patron, alternately the Duke of Leinster and Richard Longfield, Esq. of Longueville. The incumbent holds also the benefice of Inchegeelagh, in the dio. of Cork. Two curates have salaries of respective! v £09 4s. 7id. and £50. The church was built in 1726. Sittings 600; attendance 450. A Wesleyan meeting-house is attended by 700 ; a Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house by COO; and a Roman Catholic chapel by 4.000 ; and the last has 3 officiates. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 936 Churchmen, 61 Presbyterians, 68 other Protestant dissenters, and 4,089 Roman Catholics ; two Sunday schools, the one Protestant and the other Roman Catholic, had an average attendance, the former of 80, and the latter of 100; and 10 daily schools had on their books 309 boys and 448 girls. One of the daily schools was a Protestant free-school, supported with £150 a-year from subscription, out of which several of the children were clothed; one was a Protestant free-school for infants, salaried with about £25 from subscription ; and one was a free-school for females, supported with dividends on a sum of £450, 3 ^ percent- Cons. Bank Annuities, and with £50 a-year from subscrip-
tion. In 1840. B National tchool w«i attended faf 273 females, and salaried with £18 from the Bovd.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Richard Magner outwits Cromwell's treacherous letter

Castlemagner · townland · Cork · 1641

During the 1641 rebellion, Richard Magner acted as agent for the Irish inhabitants of Orrery and Kilmore. On visiting Cromwell at Clonmel he received a letter to deliver to Colonel Phaise, governor of Cork, but suspected foul play, opened it, found it ordered his own execution, and redirected it to his bitter enemy at Mallow.

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. CASTLE-MAGNER, a parish 6| miles wesU north-west of Mallow, and in the barony of Duhallow, CO. Cork, Munster. It contains the villages of Cecilstown and Laltscrors, part of the village of Gneeves, and part of the to^^'n of Kanturk : see these articles. Length, 5 miles ; breadth, 3 ; area, 7,881 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,853; in 1841, 3,007. Houses 453. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 2,281. Houses 336. Six townlands formerly belonged to the barony of Orrery and Kilmore, but were transferred to Duhallow by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. Pop. of these townlands, in 1831, 688; in 1841, 806. The centre of the parish is between 2 and 3 miles north of the Black water, and the same distance east of the AUua. The land is in general of a good arable quality. The interior is traversed westward by the road from Mallow to Newmarket. Ballygiblin, the property of Sir William Wrixon Becher, Bart., is an improved seat. The casUe whence the parish is named, and which stands in what formerly was the Orrery section, received its affix-designation of Magner trom its early f)roprietors, and afterwards was granted, with its ands, to the family of Bretridge. In the rebellion of 1641, Richard Magner was agent for the Irish inhabitants of Orrery and Kilmore ; and, having gone to Clonmel to pay his court to Cromwell, he received from that military dictator a letter which he was requested to deliver to Col. Phaise, governor of Cork. Suspecting some foul purpose, he privately opened the letter, found its contents to be an order for the execution of the bearer, resealed it, gave it to bis bitter enemy, the commanding-officer at Mallow, and desired him to deliver it to CoL Phaise. Magner*s enemy, in consequence, narrowly escaped being hanged ; and Cromwell's foul play very nearly cost him the life of a stanch friend. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cloyne. Vicarial tithe composition, £404 12i. 6|d. ; glebe, £1 Is. Gross income, £405 13s. OJd. ; nett, £361 19s. 2^d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for the same sum as the vicarial, and are impropriate in John Longfield, Esq. of Longueville. The church was built, in 1816, by means of a loan of £461 10s. 94d. from the bite Board of First Fruits. Sittings 120; attendance 30. A scfaoolhouse is also used as a parochial place of worship. The Roman Catholic chapel has 2 officiates, and an attendance of 1,500. In 1834, the Protestanto amounted to 106, and the Roman Catholics to 2,853 ; and 3 daily schools — one of which was aided with £21 a-year from Sir W. Becher, and two with respectively £30 and £22 from the Board of Erasmus Smith,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Right wing crossed at the bridge of Slane

Slane · town · Meath · 1690

During the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, the right wing of William's army, commanded by Count Schomberg and General Douglas, marched toward the bridge of Slane and eventually passed the ford below it, driving back a regiment of dragoons posted to oppose them.

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lines, with a difficult morass on their left, with breastworks, hedges, hamlets huts, rugged banks, and deep and dangerous fords, in their front, and with the village of Duleek, its large but ruinous church, and an excellent pass for a retreating army, in their rear. William, at the bead of 30,000 Eng. lish, French, Dutch, and Danes, and accompanied by the Duke of Schomberg, the Earl of Scbomberg, GeneraU Ginkell, Douglas, and Kirk, and many other distinguished persons, arrived at the south bank after his antagonists had fully settled themselves in their strong position; and, while his army were encamping between Mellifont and Drogbeda, be advanced, with some officers, to a rising ground about 200 paces west of the ford of Oldbridge, and nearly opposite the extreme west of James* camp, remained there nearly an hour surveying the ground, and received a flesh-wound from a cannon-shot fired b^ some of James' party who had observed his motions. His artillery was now brought up, and commenced a brisk cannonade across the river; and during the night, a resolution was adopted boldly to cross the fords, and attack the enemy in their own strong position. The grand movements of the battle commenced about 6, a. m., on the 1st of July, 1690. The right wing of William's army, commanded by Count Schomberg and General Douglas, marched toward the bridge of Slane, and eventually passed the ford below the bridge, driving back a regiment of dragoons posted to oppose them, and advancing toward the main body of the enemy. Of the centre of the army, commanded by the Duke of Schomberg, the Dutch guards first entered the river at the ford ot Oldbridge, in front of a strong body placed to resist them ; the French Protestants, th6 Enniskilleners, the levies from Brandenburgb, and the English, entered at fords, or comparatively passable points lower down; and the Danish cavalry entered between the extremes. They aggregately constituted such a mass as partially to dam up the river, and raise it much bevond its natural level; and many of the infantry waded breast-high, and supported their arms above their heads. All formed, or attempted to extricate themselves, as quickly as possible on the opposite banks; but all were not honoured with success, and some who were, fought severely to attain it The Dutch, though warmly received, succeeded in dislodging their opponents; the French were broken by a charge of horse, and lost M. Callemot, their commander; a squadron of the Danish horse was chased back to the south side of the river by a party of Irish cavalry ; and Count Nassau's dragoons had difficulty in withstanding several sn>art attacks of the Duke of Berwick's guanis. The Duke of Schomberg, who was at the head of the reserve, perceived the partial disorder, hastily crossed the river to rally and encourage the French, and in a few minutes afterwards was killed; and, about the same time, Mr. Walker, the soldierclergyman, celebrated for his heroic defence of Londonderry, fell. While the conflict was in the hottest and nK»t critical condition, William, accompanied bv the Prince of Denmark, and commanding the left wing of the horse, consisting of English, Dutch, and Danes, passed at a dangerous ford, little more than a mile above Drogbeda, and careered to the support of his centre. James, throughout this eventful day, was stationed on the hill of Donore ; and, while the crown of the three kingdoms was the object of contt^^t, stood amidst his guards rather as a spectator than as a general. When William **had securely reached the hostile bank of the river, he rode to the head of Itis squadron, and presented to them the animating spectacle of a royal general, prepared, with fword in hand, to share in all their dangers.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Ringarundel artificial harbour on Clonakilty Bay

Ring · townland · Cork

An artificial work constructed at Ring (Ringarundel) on the east side of Clonakilty Bay, about 1.5 miles below the town of Clonakilty, served as a safe harbour for small craft from several miles around the coast and supported local trade.

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CLONAKILTY, or Cloohvakiltt, a bay in CO. Cork, Munster. It washes the barony of Barryroe on the east, that of East Carbery on the north, and that of Ibane on the north. It opens between Dunworly Head on the east, and Dunicove Point on the west, with a width of 4| miles ; it penetrates 2^ miles north-north-westward, with such rapid contraction of breadth, as to be there only about | of a mile wide ; but it speedily re-expands in such a manner as to form Jiearly a eircuhur basin of about 2^ miles in diameter, with the island of Inchidonv in the centre ; and it terminates, in the north, in a tiny, shallow, and unimportant estuary, formed hy .the rivulet Foilagh. The depth of water on a line at the entrance of the bay, is 12 fathoms ; on a line between Farren and Muckerus, 5 fathoms ; and over ■the bar, at .the narrow part south of Indiidonjr Island, 17 feet in spring -tides, and 14 feet in nen^ The channel on the west side of Inchidony is ahonl water and unnavigable ; and that on the east side is sandy, and has ivot a depth 4>f more than 4. or £ feet at low wnter. An artificial work, constructed at Ring or Ringarundel, on the east side of the bay, about 1 \ mile below tbe town of ClonakiUy, is frequented as a safety harbour by small cralt lor several miles pound the coast, and is4>f some 4ise for the purposes of trade. See next article, aud Che article llisv,.
CLONAKILTY, or Ci.OGHNAKU.Tr, a market and post town, and formerly a parliaanentary borough, in the parish of Kilgantf, eastern division of the biirony of Eiist Carbery, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the road from Cork to Skibbereen, and at the head ef the estuary of tbe Foilagh rivulet, 6^ miles north-east by east of Rosscarbery, 10 miles south-south-east of Bandoo, aud 25^ miles south-west of Cork; Tbe rivulet Foilagh has a course to the town of only about 3 miles ; it cuts the town into two not very unequal parts, and is crossed by two bridges ; and immediately l)elow, it becomes tidal, and expands, at high water, to a breadth of nearly j of a milcL The country ai'ound the town has been mnA tai>

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

River Bann (Wexford) scenery and Ferns episcopal seat

Ferns · townland · Wexford

The River Bann in co. Wexford rises near Ballykelly and runs 18 miles south-south-westward through Gorey and Scarewalsh baronies, past the episcopal seat of Ferns, to the River Slaney. Its well-wooded banks produce scenery that may compare with rivers more celebrated.

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BANN, or Banna (The), a small river of the baronies of Gorey and Scarewalsh, co. Wexford, Leinster. It rises close to Ballykelly, within | of a mile of the boundary with the county of Wicklow, and runs 18 miles south-south-westward tbrougli Gorey and Scarewalsh baronies, and past the' episcopal seat of Ferns to the river Slaney, at a point 4 miles above Enniscorthy. Its banks, in many parts, are well-wooded, and produce a diversity of beautiful and imposing scenery which may compare with that of rivers mere celebrated.
BANNAGH, a barony on the west coast of co. Donegal, Ulster. It is bounded on the north by Boylagh ; on the east by Raphoe and Tyrhugh ; on the south by Donegal bay ; and on the west by tbo

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

Old churches and cemeteries at Templemoyle

Old church vestiges and moat at Chapel

Old Exchange at North and Donegal Streets

Old ivy-clad church ruin overlooking Crumlin rivulet

Old Leighlin as corporate town and Protestant seat

Old town gateway on the Cahir road

O'Lehans' chief seat at Castle-Lehan (Castlelyons)

O'Reilly's Castle in Cavan

Oriel Temple and the Foster estate at Collon

Original timber houses preserved in the Diamond, Coleraine

Ormonde Castle, Carrick-on-Suir

Ornamental demesnes of Newlands and Corkagh at Clondalkin

Ornate pointed arch and St. Kieran's sitting-stone at Clonmacnoise

O'Rourke's Tower at Clonmacnoise

Owen Roe O'Neill takes Castleknock Castle, 1647

Paper-making established at Dunmurry

Parish church monuments, Carrick-on-Suir

Parliamentary elections at Bannow's solitary chimney

Paul Jones captures HMS Drake off Carrickfergus 1778

Penny royal flourishing in Ennis churchyard

Picturesque environs of Cavan town

Pier building and destruction at Barna

Pillar-stones and ancient crosses near Spancel Hill and Kilfenora

Pillar tower at Cork Cathedral destroyed at storming

Pillar-tower in Clones cemetery

Pillar tower remains at Carrigeen near Croom

Plains of Boyle described as rich pasture lands

Pleasing landscape of Clonlonan barony

Population of Batterjohn hamlet

Portroe village in Castletown-Arra parish

Presbyterian meeting-house at Goorey

Presentation nunnery, Carrick-on-Suir

Projected Dublin–Enniskillen railway through Virginia and Cavan

Proposed canal linking Lough Conn and Ballina

Proposed railway lines from Dublin to Connaught

Proposed Royal Canal route through Roscommon

Proposed steam-boat navigation on the Boyle River

Public gardens at Hammond's Marsh in Cork

Quin Abbey neighbourhood's fine tillage ground

Rahana mansion in Charlestown parish, Louth

Railway crossing of the Lee near Ballincollig

Railway from Dublin to Kilkenny near Carlow

Railway route near Mitchelstown caves

Railway viaduct over the Awbeg at Castletownroche

Railway viaduct over the Blackwater at Mallow

Rathcormack and Doneraile lose corporate status

Ratteen cloth manufacture, Carrick-on-Suir

Ravaging of Fingall to the Hill of Howth

Rebuilding of Castlecomer House after 1798

Rebuilding of Clogher Church

Religious demographics and hedge-schools in Bantry

Remains of Bray Castle in modern dwelling

Remarkable myrtle cultivation at Bunratty

Rev. Daniel Beaufort, mapmaker, incumbent of Collon

Rev. Horgan erecting a round tower near Blarney

Richard Longfield of Longueville as patron

Richard Magner outwits Cromwell's treacherous letter

Right wing crossed at the bridge of Slane

Ringarundel artificial harbour on Clonakilty Bay

River Bann (Wexford) scenery and Ferns episcopal seat