Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

Sir Richard Kyrle's improvements at Clonmeen estate

After the wars of 1641 and subsequent forfeitures, Sir Richard Kyrle received a grant of the Clonmeen estate, erected iron-works, cut down a vast tract of woodland, and improved the country before eventually selling the estate to Richard Newman.

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CLONMEEN, or Cloonmeen, a parish in the central part of the barony of Duhallow, 10 miles west by south of Mallow, co. Cork, Munster. It contains the village of Bakteer: which see. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 8; area, 20,076 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,344; in 1841,6,361. Houses 1,064. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 6,224. Houses ! .()4"2. The surface consibts of part of the vale, and tlie hill-screens of the river Blackwatcr. About one-third is waste but improvable mountain; and the remainder is arable, and pasture land. The range of mountains called St. Hillary's, are the principal heights ; they extend parallel with the course of the Hlack water, with their summit>line 1^ or 2 miles south of its channel ; and they pour down several torrents through mimic glens and ravines. Such high grounds as once expanded beneath forest were long ago reclaimed ; and such an were for centuries bare of woo<l arc now, for the most part, boggy and waste. Jieneath the turfy sward of the boggy moorlands is a bluish, hard, (X)ld gravel, which cannot be penetrated without much labour. Not fiir from the <-hurch is the hill of Knockiclashy, celebrated as the scene of an action in 1651. See Knockiclasiit. The caitle of Clonuu'en, situated some distance east of the church, was ruined in the wars of 1641. An Augustinian friary is said to have been founded at Cloiimein by the O'Callaghans. After the wars of 1641, and the subsequent forfeitures. Sir Richard Kyrle received a grant of the estate of Clonmeen ; and he erected iron-works, cut down a vast tract of wood, and considerably improved the country; but he eventually sold the estate to Richard Newman, Esq. A portion of the forfeited lands was reserved from the grant made to Sir R. Kyrle, and given back to the original owners, the O'Callaghans; and it descended to their posterity. The interior is tra- VI Tso<l westward by the road from Mallow to Millhtrtet. — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Clovne. The vicarial tithes are compounded for Jl'.VIo JK. :^d. ; and the rectorial for £109 Os. 1*<1.; and the latter belong, in etpial proportions, to Robert Phair, l>q , and to the dean and chapter of iMoyne cathedral. The vicarages of Clonmeen and Ko«»keeti constitute the benefice of Clonmeen. Gross intMDine, £:U;9 4s. 7^d. ; nett, £847 Is. 4jd. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent is also prebendary of Lackeen in Clovne. The church's cost and date of erection are not known. Sittings 120; attendance 20. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,7(H); and. in the Ronuin Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of kili-oriicy. In lK)4, the Protestants of the parish auiounted to US. and the Roman Catholics to 5,454;

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 216

Skea and Fairwood Park, seats west of the Erne

Skea · townland · Fermanagh

The road from Enniskillen to Swanlinbar crosses the main section of Cleenish parish west of the Erne and is overlooked by Skea, the seat of Geo. Hassurd, Esq., and Fairwood Park, the seat of Mr. Nixon.

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lakcfi. Lenf^th of the Tyrkeiiiiedy section, southsouth-westward, and over two considerable intersecting di>tricts, G^ miles; breadth, from 3 furlong'i to 2^ miles; area, 4,8^ acres, 22 perches, — of which 1,250 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches, are in Upper Lou^h Erne, and 194 acres, 18 perches, are in the river Erne, and in small lakes. Pop. of the whole, in 18-31, 10,557; in 1841, 11,075. Houses 1.846. Pop. of the Glenawley section, in 1831, 8,013; in 1841, 9,104. Houses 1,527. Pop. of the Ma«:heraboy section, in 1831, 94; in 1841, C8. Houses 11. Pop of the Magherastephana section, in 1831, 179; in 1841, 218. Houses 3G. Pop. of the rural parts of the Tyrkennedy section, in 1831, 1,429; in 1841, 1,4*25. Houses 239. The Glenawleybeg and Magheraboy sections lie on the west side of the j^eat Erne basin, and the Magherastephana and Tyrkennedy sections on the east side ; but, in a general view, the two sets of territory recede from each other like a pair of expanded wings, and the Magheraboy section is wholly surrendered by Rossory. The scenery of the parish is very diversified, and, in the aggregate, rich and full of power and beauty ; but it is chiefly identified with that of Upper Lough Erne, of the Loughs Macnean, of the country between them, and of the east side of the basin between Upper Lough Erne, and the southern environs of Enniskillen. A very great proportion of the surface is lofty upland, some of which is cultivated, and most of it improveable. The quality of the arable grounds varies between excellent and indifferent, but is prevailingly good. The isles and shores of Lough Erne have numerous attractives for both the painter and the farmer. One of the Erne islets, called Cluain-Innis, or, corruptedly, Cleenish, gives name to the parish ; and appears to have long been the scat of the central place of woiship for the district. Archdull places an abbot of the name of St. Synell on that islet ** about the middle of the Gth century ;" and tells us that "it" — meaning apparently the abbey over which St. Synell presided — " is now the parish-church." Belleisle, another of the more remarkable isles, is separately noticed. The road from Enniskillen to Fintona and Omagh, crosses a section of the parish east of the Erne, and is overlooked by Snowhill, the seat of J. Douglass Johnston, Esq. ; and the road from Enniskillen to Swanlinbar crosses the main section west of the Erne, and is overlooked by Skea and Fair wood -Park, the seats respectively of Geo. Hassurd, Esq., and Mr. Nixon. The other seats are LisbofBn, Gardenhill, and Cornascull. The chief hamlet in the west is Holywell — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition, £568 183. 4d. ; glebe, £615 14«. 5id. Gross income, £1,184 9s. 94d. ; iiett, £1,004 7s. 2id. Patron, Trinity College, Dublin. Three curates have each a stipend of £69 48. 7.U1. The parish-church is sometimes called Belnaleck church, and is an old building supposed to have been erected at the expense of the parish. Sittings 308; attendance 200. Two chapels-of-ease at LisDELLAW and Mullacudrum [see these article*], have an attendance of respectively 350 and 150. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses at LisbeU law and Corrard are under the care of one minister, and have jointly an attendance of 75. A Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house has an attendance of 185. Three Roman Catholic chapels at Mullaghdrum, Mullyme>ker, and Holywell, have jointlv an attendance of 1,574; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. A Roman Catholic chapel, at Lisbellaw, has an attendance of 700 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels at Enniskillen and DerryvuUen. In 18-34, the parishioners consisted of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Skeleton with Elizabethan coins found at Castle Barry

Buttevant · town · Cork

About 30 years before the text was written, during improvements to the Castle Barry demesne grounds, a human skeleton was found just below the surface with the appearance of a wig on the skull and several Elizabethan shillings and sixpences apparently concealed in the caul.

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the Awbeg. Though occupying a good site, and once a defensible residence, it does not appear to have been remarkable for either size or strength. A modem house was erected, within the court, early in last century; and other changes have occurred, which have destroyed the prevailing appearances of antiquity. The castle, as it now stands, is a large, modernized, irregular, inhabited edifice, in the midst of an extensive and improved demesne. " A legend," says Mr. Croker, " relates that this castle was tb^ chief residence of the clan of Donegan, who rejected every offer of the English to surrender it, and repulsed every attempt made to take it ; but it was ultimately surprised and captured by David de Barry, who gained it through the treachery of a soldier of the garrison. De Barry having made himself master of the place, put its sleeping inmates to the sword, and rewarded the perfidy of the betrayer by striking off his head also." About 30 years ago, while the grounds of the demesne were undergoing improvement, a human skeleton was found a little below the surface, ** with the appearance of a wig on the skull, which mouldered when exposed to the air; and, apparently concealed in the caul, were several shillings and sixpences of Elizabeth." The Buttevant estate was purchased from Richard, Earl of Barry more, by the late John Anderson, Esq., of Fermoy.
Buttevant was anciently called Botham or Bothon, and, by the Irish, KilnemuUah, 'the cell of the Mullah,' or, Awbeg. Spencer, in his poem of Collin Clout, thus alludes to the old Irish name : —

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

Skiddy's-castle built near the north gate

Cork · city · Cork · 1445

Skiddy's-castle, located close to the north gate of Cork city, was constructed in 1445 by the prominent Skiddy family. It was subsequently used for a long period as a powder-magazine.

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which may be very briefly disposed of, they scarcely deserve to be pictured back from oblivion. A fort on the south side of the town, called Elizabeth's Fort, MTBS rebuilt as a citadel to curb the insubordinatc Roman Catholics in the reign of James^ L ; and it formed a regular square fortification with four bastions. Another small work, called the Cat Fort, stood also on the same side of the river, but never was of material importance. Shandon-castle, on the north side of the city, is variously said to have been built by "King John, and by the Barrys soon after the conquest ; and it afterwards served as the court-house of the lords-presidents of Mimster, and of the itinerant judges. Skiddy's-castle, situated close to the north gate, was built in 1445, by the family of Skiddy, who figured prominently in the civic offices of the city, and eventually retired to France; and it afterwards was long used as a powder-magazine. In an almshou-te adjoining this pile, Catherine Parr, the great-granddaughter of the famous old Thomas Purr, died, in 17^)2, at the age of 103 years.
The inland on which the central division of the city stands communicates across the northern branch of the Lee by three bridges, and across the southern

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Skirmish at Bottlehill, 1691

near Bottlehill · street · Cork · 1691

In April 1691, about 100 English foot soldiers returning from Ballymagooly were attacked by 300 Irish under Sir James Cotter and Major Slingsby at Bottlehill. The soldiers took shelter in a decayed pound at Six-Mile-Water and repelled successive attacks for three hours, killing 60 of the assailants.

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BOTTLEHILL, a locality noted as the scene of a stout skirmihh, in the barony of Barretts, mid^K'ay l>etween Cork and Mallow, co. Cork, Munstei. In April, 1691, about 100 foot soldiers of the Knglii-h garrison of Cork, being on their return
from Ballymagooly, under Captain Thomicroft and Lieutenant Hayes, were attacked by 300 Irish, under Sir James Cotter and Major Slingsby ; and hastily throwing themselves into an old decayed pound at Six-Mile- Water, they resolutely sustained successive onsets of three hours in duration, and then forced the assailants to retire ^vith the loss of 60 killed, and as many wounded. Two captains were among the slain ; and Major Slingsby died oi his wounds. The victors had oiily 10 slam and 6 wounded.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Slieve League mountain and Atlantic sea-cliffs

Slieve League · mountain or mountain range · Donegal

Slieve League, near the extremity of a great peninsula in Donegal, rises to 1,964 feet above sea level and forms a remarkable feature visible from the Sligo coast. Its shaggy, rugged cliffs are deeply riven by Atlantic waves, composing a series of impressive and romantic coast-views.

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Atlantic ocean. Its area is 177,822 acres. A large part of it consists of a peninsula 14^ miles in lengto, and 6| in mean breadth, very nearly insulated by streams which fall into the head respectively of Killybegs Harbour and Loughrosbeg bay, and extending westward to the seaward face of Slieveleague mountain, and to the plunge into the Atlantic of TiUen Head, the most westerly ground in the mainland of Donegal. Several marine indentations, generally tongue-shaped or elongated, indent the coast, and serrate it with small peninsule ; the principal of which are Ijougbrosbeg bay on the west, and Tillen harbour, Killybegs harbour, Macswine's bay, and Inver bay, on the south. Nearly the whole of the interior is a series of granitic uplands, alternating with wild moors or dismal bogs. Several of the mountains have an altitude above sea-level of 1,600 feet ; and Slieveleague, near the extremity of the great peninsula, has an elevation of 1,964 feet, rises boldly up from the coast of the entrance of Donegal bay, and, as seen from the opposite sea-board of Sligo, forms a very remarkable feature in a boldly outlined landscape. The skirts of Slieveleague, the precipitous stoop of Teelin Head, and a considerable extent of intervening and prolonged cliff-line, suffer furious onsets from the roll and tempests of the Atlantic ; present a shaggy, rugged, rocky exterior, deeply riven with the waves; and compose a series of alternately impressive and romantic coast- views. About 30,000 acres of the barony belong to the Marquis of Conynghum ; and a tract which belongs to the University of Dublin is said to have been so leased as to yield an annual rental profit of JE9,000 to the lessee. — This barony contains part of the parishes of Inniskeel and Lower Killybegs, and the whole of the parishes of Glencolumbkill, Inver, Kilcarr, Killaghtee, Upper Killybegs, and Killvmard. Its chief towns and villages are Killybegs, Ardara, and Mount-Charles. Its annual valuation, under the Poor-law acts, is £19,196 I9s. ; and the sums levied under the grand warrants of spring 1840 and spring 1841, were respectively £2,377 17«.» and £2,456 14s. 7d. Pop., in 1831, 38,585 ; in 1841, 42,912. Houses 7.388. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 5,755; in manufactures and trade, 1,571 ; in other pursuits, 381. Males at and above 5 years of age, who could read and write, 2,820 ; who could read but not write, 2,190; wba could neither read nor write, 18,153. Females at and above 5 years of age, who could read and write, 1,137; who could read but not write, 2,246; who could neither read nor write, 15,572.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162

Smithfield-square market arena in Belfast

near Belfast · city · Antrim

Smithfield-square served as Belfast's market arena for fat cattle on Wednesday, milch-cows, sheep and pigs on Friday, and skins, hay, straw and miscellaneous wares every week-day. Nearly half its area was occupied with old and new furniture, marine stores, and rag-and-bone gatherers' curiosities.

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Bankt, Market*^ and Conveyance*.'] — The offices of the Belfast Banking Companv and the Provincial Bank, are in Donegal-street ; that of the Bank of Ireland is in Donegal-place ; that of the Northern Banking Company is m Castle-place; and that of the Ulster Banking Company is in Waring-street. No bona fide Belfast bank has suspended payment for at least a century back : the failure, a few vears ago, of the Belfast branch of the Agricultonu and Commercial Bank cannot be regarded as an exception ; for the affair was wholly a Dublin bubble. — May's Market, off Cromac and May streets, is open for grain, oat-meal, and fruit, every week-day, and for poultry, eggs, butter, beef, and flax, every Friday. Montgomery's Market, off Calender-street, is open for potatoes, beef, fish, vegetables, and fruit; and both York-street Blarket, off York and Great George streets, and Ormond Market, off James and Patrick streets, are open for the same departments, except that of fish. Butter Weigh-House, off Tombstreet, is appropriated solely to the butter trade. Great Georee*s-street Market, recently erected, is appropriated to the provision trade, and specially to the trade in pigs and pork ; but, though commodious, it requires the aid of the wide streets and unstirring thoroughfiu« in its vicinity, to accommodate the enormous quantities of pork which are brought for sale. Smithfield-square is the market arena for fat cattle, on Wednesday ; for milch-cows, sheep, and pigs, on Friday ; for skins, hay, straw, and an incredible variety of miscellaneous vrares, on every week-day; and nearly one-half of its area is occupied with old and new furniture, marine stores, old and renovated wearing apparel, and a perfect museum of the rag and bone gatherers' curiosities. Fairs are
held on Aug. 12 and Nov. 8 The Ulster railway

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 173

Snowhill, seat of J. Douglass Johnston near Enniskillen

Snowhill · townland · Fermanagh

Snowhill is the seat of J. Douglass Johnston, Esq., overlooking the road from Enniskillen to Fintona and Omagh as it crosses a section of the parish east of the Erne.

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lakcfi. Lenf^th of the Tyrkeiiiiedy section, southsouth-westward, and over two considerable intersecting di>tricts, G^ miles; breadth, from 3 furlong'i to 2^ miles; area, 4,8^ acres, 22 perches, — of which 1,250 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches, are in Upper Lou^h Erne, and 194 acres, 18 perches, are in the river Erne, and in small lakes. Pop. of the whole, in 18-31, 10,557; in 1841, 11,075. Houses 1.846. Pop. of the Glenawley section, in 1831, 8,013; in 1841, 9,104. Houses 1,527. Pop. of the Ma«:heraboy section, in 1831, 94; in 1841, C8. Houses 11. Pop of the Magherastephana section, in 1831, 179; in 1841, 218. Houses 3G. Pop. of the rural parts of the Tyrkennedy section, in 1831, 1,429; in 1841, 1,4*25. Houses 239. The Glenawleybeg and Magheraboy sections lie on the west side of the j^eat Erne basin, and the Magherastephana and Tyrkennedy sections on the east side ; but, in a general view, the two sets of territory recede from each other like a pair of expanded wings, and the Magheraboy section is wholly surrendered by Rossory. The scenery of the parish is very diversified, and, in the aggregate, rich and full of power and beauty ; but it is chiefly identified with that of Upper Lough Erne, of the Loughs Macnean, of the country between them, and of the east side of the basin between Upper Lough Erne, and the southern environs of Enniskillen. A very great proportion of the surface is lofty upland, some of which is cultivated, and most of it improveable. The quality of the arable grounds varies between excellent and indifferent, but is prevailingly good. The isles and shores of Lough Erne have numerous attractives for both the painter and the farmer. One of the Erne islets, called Cluain-Innis, or, corruptedly, Cleenish, gives name to the parish ; and appears to have long been the scat of the central place of woiship for the district. Archdull places an abbot of the name of St. Synell on that islet ** about the middle of the Gth century ;" and tells us that "it" — meaning apparently the abbey over which St. Synell presided — " is now the parish-church." Belleisle, another of the more remarkable isles, is separately noticed. The road from Enniskillen to Fintona and Omagh, crosses a section of the parish east of the Erne, and is overlooked by Snowhill, the seat of J. Douglass Johnston, Esq. ; and the road from Enniskillen to Swanlinbar crosses the main section west of the Erne, and is overlooked by Skea and Fair wood -Park, the seats respectively of Geo. Hassurd, Esq., and Mr. Nixon. The other seats are LisbofBn, Gardenhill, and Cornascull. The chief hamlet in the west is Holywell — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition, £568 183. 4d. ; glebe, £615 14«. 5id. Gross income, £1,184 9s. 94d. ; iiett, £1,004 7s. 2id. Patron, Trinity College, Dublin. Three curates have each a stipend of £69 48. 7.U1. The parish-church is sometimes called Belnaleck church, and is an old building supposed to have been erected at the expense of the parish. Sittings 308; attendance 200. Two chapels-of-ease at LisDELLAW and Mullacudrum [see these article*], have an attendance of respectively 350 and 150. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses at LisbeU law and Corrard are under the care of one minister, and have jointly an attendance of 75. A Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house has an attendance of 185. Three Roman Catholic chapels at Mullaghdrum, Mullyme>ker, and Holywell, have jointlv an attendance of 1,574; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. A Roman Catholic chapel, at Lisbellaw, has an attendance of 700 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels at Enniskillen and DerryvuUen. In 18-34, the parishioners consisted of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

South Lagan head-stream rising near Bailieborough

Bailieborough · town · Cavan

A head-stream of the South Lagan rises near Bailieborough and runs to the eastern boundary, where it divides Monaghan from Meath before traversing Louth and falling into the Irish sea on the south-west side of Dundalk bay.

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north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

South shore of Lough Corrib: hard-won arable patches

Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

On the south shore of Lough Corrib, where cultivation had made the greatest progress, the arable land was interspersed with extensive tracts of naked limestone rock of a desolate aspect. Despite this, the fertility of the spots won from the waste produced rents as high as anywhere in the kingdom.

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Cunnemara has long been regarded as one of the mo^t uncultivated parts of Ireland, a wilderness of bog and mountain, a dreary and barbarous terra incognita ; hut it has, in many respects, been shamefully belted ; afid it po<«sesses — as will be shown in the cour-se of this article — more varied, facile, and ample means of general improvement than probably any other mountainous region of equal extent in the United Kingdom. Mr. Nimmo's general introductory view of its physical condition is sufficiently repuUive, and yet terminates in an impresHon very ditffrent from what its limnings might be expected to produce : '* On a general view, it seems one continued tract of bog and mountain, the quantity of arable land not amounting to one-tenth, perhaps not one-twentieth of the whole. Where cultivation has made the greatest pro^^ress on the south shore of Lough Corrib, the arable or dry land is interspersed with extensive tract"* of naked limestone rock of a mo-^t desobite aspect ; and it appears to be only after incredible labour, that a few patches of foil have been wofi from the general waste. Nevertheless, such is the fertility of these spots, and the value of the pasture among the limestone, that this land, even including rotk, produces a rent of los. per acre, and. whjre tolerably cleared, lets as high as in any pirt of the kingdom. The other part"* of the di^'- trict are, for the mo^t part, bare moors, con>istint; of bog of various depth, upon a bottom of primitive rock of ditbcult decomposition and atfording little so:l : but several strings or beds of limestone run through the country, and are di^^tinguisbable by the verdure and cultivation which has taken place in their vicinity. * * Though the general improve, inent and cultivation of Conaroara would seem an undertaking of the most arduous description, it is not without facilities which might, upon a candid consideration, make it appear a subject more worthy of attention than many other of the wa**te lands of the kin^cdom." ** If the map does justice to its subject," suyt a perio.;ic:il writer, •* Cunnemara will apiH'ar black with mountains, dotted with lakes, and studded with bogs; its coast will be seen rugged and indented with tine harlK>urs, while the inland country, though wild, mountainous and ill-cultivated, and ^o little known and visited that its name is a proverb, is jet equal to the finest part of Wales or of Scotland; and the traveller who ventures to eiijoy its romantic picturesque scenery, and who, from natural or acquired ta^te, can relish the 'lone majesty of untamed nature,' may here have his feeling*. Kratitied to the full."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 235

Spenser's Mulla and Buttevant environs

Buttevant · town · Cork

Edmund Spenser resided and wrote the Fairy Queen in the vicinity of Buttevant, whose environs with their hills, valleys, and rivers are rendered classic by his pen. In his poem Collin Clout, Spenser alludes to the old Irish name Kilnemullah and the river Awbeg, called Mulla.

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The modem name is a corruption of Boutcz-enavant, * Push forward !' This is the motto of the Barrymore family; and is said to have been the war-cry of David de Barry in his conflicts with the MacCarthys. Buttevant, though an old town, connects itself with ancient history, only, or at least chiefly, by means of its architectural remains. Portions of its walls can still be traced. In 15G9, the town was taken from the Irish by Sir Henry Sydney, lorddeputy of Ireland ; and, in the campaign of 1091, it was burnt by the English. It gave the title of Viscount in the Irish peerage to the Barrymore family. All its environs, with their hills, valleys, and rivers are rendered classic by the pen of the poet Spencer* who resided and wrote his Fairy Queen in the vicinity. See KiLCOLEMAN.
The town contains an extensive barrack for infantry. Fairs are held on March 27> and Oct. 14. The Cork line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, passes within II statute miles of the town, at a point whence travelling will be effected in 6 hours and 55 minutes to Dublin. In 1838, the public conveyances were the mail-coach in transit between Cork and Limerick, and a car in transit between Cork and Rathkeale. A fever hospital and a dispensary in the town are within the Mallaw Poorlaw union ; and, in 1S39-40, the former received £130 5s., expended £210 2s. O^d.. and had 207 patients, and the latter received £64 lOs., and administered to 3,496 patients. Area of the town^ 87 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,536; in 1841, 1,524. Houses 231. Families emploved chiefly in agriculture, 82; in manufactures and trade, 120; in other pursuits, 72. Families dependant chiefly on pro-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

Spenser's Mulla and the Awbeg at Castletown-Roche

Castletownroche · town · Cork

The Awbeg river trots and tumbles along a wild rocky glen above the town, then ripples along the base of thickly wooded hills — the 'Mulla mine' of Spenser, 'whose waves he whilom taught to weep.' The town reclines athwart the face of a hill amid wood and romance and crowds of historical, antiquarian, and poetical reminiscences.

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The town of Castletown- Roche is romantically 8ituate<i over the Awbeg, at the intersection of the two principal roads which traverse the parish, 7^ miles west-north-west of Fermoy, and 116 southwest of Dublin. The Awbeg, over a considerable distance above the town, trots and tumbles along a wild and rocky glen ; and, when passing the town, it ripples along the base of thickly wooded hills, the *' Mulla mine" of Spencer, ** whose waves he whilom taught to weep." The town reclines and basks athwart the face of a hill amid wood and romance, and crowds of historical, antiquarian, and poetical reminiscences; and, though sufliciently prosaic in itself, has a comparatively clean appearance, and borrows a kind of august aspect from the castle which crowns the summit of the hill, and looks with an air of command over the many-featured and highly picturesque valley. Fairs are held on May 25, July 28, Sept 29, and Dec. 12. The Cork line of railwav, as projected by the Commissioners, crosses the Awbeg at a point two statute miles from the town ; and will etffct travelling thence to Dublin in 5 hours and 55 minutes. A dispensary in the town is within the Fermoy Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 6.85<> : and, in 1839-40, it received £106 8s., and expended £1()0 8s. The former parish-church was a plain and modern building ; and had imbedded on its out>i(le wall a stone containing the following njonstrou>ly un-Protestant inscription: *• Orate pro IxMio statu Domini Maurici Roche Vieecomes de Fermoy, et Domine Elinorie Maurici, et pro anima eju-;. Anno Domini, 1585." The castle, which surn)otir)t<^ the hill-summit above the town, is con- •picuou^ at a considerable distance ; anfl though now n(>(it'rniie<l in name and as a place of residence into \i>tle. Widenham, figures boldly in historv, and in hiiiiy a pathetic association, as the quondam chief ^•at of the family of Roche, Viscounts Roche and lernioy. In I.jK), during the wars of Elizabeth, lord Uorhe fill utider su-^picion of disloyalty, but Vis so strongly ported in hi?» castle, and firmly sup* prtt'd l>y his retainers, that he could not with safety b openly ac(-u<e<l of trea>on. Captain Raleigh, aterwardn the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, then sttioned at Cork, received orders to attempt the c<»turo of the iK)bleman and his lady, marched at 10 0 lock at night with about 90 men, arrived at I'^tle-Horhe before an ctFective alarm could be Kj luied, and contrived to gain admittance with 6

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Spike Island's modern fortifications

Spike Island · townland · Cork

Spike Island is located in the inner harbour of Cork and contains enormously expensive modern fortifications and barracks. It lies north-north-west of Carlisle Fort or Dog's Nose Point.

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of peninsula* from its ihoresc, wid the ■taddin^ df Spike, Rocky, and HawlbowHiie Is1«Liid< on the left side of its bosom. Spike Island, with iU enormoaslj expensive modern fortifications and barracks, lin li miles north-north-west of Carlisli! Fort or Dof f Nose Point; Rocky Island, with its small, loopholed turret, and its two powder-iBagacines excavated in the solid rock, lies half-a-mtle west-north-veil of Spike Inland ; and Hawlbowline Island, with its naval and ordnance stores and warehouses, lies 3 furlongs north-north-west of Rocky Island. See t>riK£, Hawlbowlike, and Rockt. Great Islaod, with the romantically situated town of Core on its southern shore [see baEAT Islajtd and Cote], extends almost quite across the head or nearly widetl part of the inner harbour, so as practically to terminate it, aiul to reduce the further marine neri^ tion to two narrow sounds along- its ends. The eastern sound is overlooked at the conameneemeatflf its east shore by the village of East Passage ; it expands at the north-east corner of Great Island into a lagune of a mile or upwards in width, which receives the Bliddleton river ; it then deflect* at a right angle, and proceeds 3^ miles westward to Foaty Uaad; and it finally becomes lost in a chain of irery narrov sounds whi(!h zone Foaty Island, Little Island, aad two or three intermediate islands. The westcfx sound, or main channel of the Lee, proceeds 2) miles nearly due north ; it is overlooked on the weit^kan bv the bustling and pretty little town of Paasige, or >Vest Passage ; and it terminates right in front of the southern extremity of Little Island. The eoatinuation of this sound over 2} miles hears northwestward, has a mean breadth of at least a mile ; and is oflen called Lough Mahon ; and it then de* bouches round the point of Black Rock Castle, bo^ comes contracted in breadth, and proceeds westwird, more as the effluxion of the tide upon a river thanis properly an estuary, to the city of Cork. So meek has already been incidentally said in the articles Blackrock, Cove, and Cork (County of), and le much viill be additionally said in the articles CuiE* uucs, Lek, &c., respecting the opulen^ and diverdty of the scenery of Cork Harbour, that we may here simply describe the sounds, shores, pciiinsalMf islands, forts, towns, demesnes, villas, woods, slopef* cliffs, hills, and intricate lacustrine expansion of the inner harbour and its offuhoots, as an absolate seiiet of almost perfect specimens of fine picturcs^M beauty.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Squinancy-wort near Corofin

Corrofin · town · Clare

The text notes the presence of squinancy-wort, or small woodroff, on limestone rocks near Corofin and sandhills of the west coast. It identifies specific botanical features of the local landscape.

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Vegetable*,^ — Only plants which are tare, or al least not altogether common, need be named. Anm. do arenaria, sea-reed, or sea-niatweed, on the of Burren, feeds cattle in winter, and serves as of 20 years' duration for houses. Asperida chica, squinancy-wort or small woodroff, is plentiM on the sandhills of the west coast, and on the linie^ stone rocks near Corrofin. Gallium piudllan, least mountain bed-straw, abounds in the limestMie rocks at Magherinraheen. Gentiana vema, sprii^ gentian, is plentiful at Glaning, near Galway hav. Gentiana amarella, autumnal gentian, abounds on limestone sni north-east of Corrofin. Sium latifolium, brond-leavcd water-parsnip, is plentiful on the side of the Feigni above Ennis Bridge, and in ditehes near Corrofim Sium repens, creeping water -panntp, oeam in a marsh on the Fergus, above Ennis Bridge. BntiK mus umbellatus, flowering rush, oecnra in ditthw near Corrofin and D'Esterre's Bridge. Arbolas nta ursi, red-berried trailing arbutus, abonnda, in eoi^ pany with Dryas octopetala, on the limestone iWNi^ tains of Burren. PotentilU fruticosa. shrubby cfaM^ foil, grows on the bottom of turloughs, tmta tttMM
-J

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Stafford shifts trade from Carrickfergus to Belfast port

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1637

In 1637, the Earl of Stafford purchased monopolies held by the corporation of Carrickfergus, including duties on imported goods, and opened competition to the more advantageously situated port at the head of the Lough, enabling Belfast to capture much of its rival's trade.

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The celebrated and unfortunate Wentworth, Earl of Stafford, was one of the greatest benefactors of Belfast, and as truly laid the foundation of its manufacturing and commercial importance as Sir Arthur Chichester did that of its town and borough character. In 1637, the Earl, while exercifung the viceregal authority in Ireland, purchased on the part of the Crown certain monopolies long emoyed by the corporation of Carrickfergus, one of which was the privilege of receiving one-third of the duties on goods imported into that town; and by opening competition in seaward traflic to the new and more advantageously situated port at the head of the Lough, he eniU>led it speedily to transfer to itself the greater part of its rival's trade. Belfast, indeed, was previously in a prosperous condition; and it now promised to run fast and fiir in the career of general importance. But religious disputes, chiefly between the church of Ireland and Uie Presbyterians from Scotland, the unsettled state ot the kmgdom during succeeding years, and especially the tumult and dismay excited throughout the country by the disastrous rebellion of 1641, greatly retarded the fulfilment of the town's prospects of prosperity. Such strong and sensitive associations of partisanship mingle in even the briefest review of what occurred in and after the rebellion, that, rather than use words of our own, we shall quote from a fugitive but perspicuous paper, written, we believe, by an inhal»itant of the town, and member of the General Assembly's communion. " To quote the language of Dr. Reid, in his History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, ' In tJlster the rebellion broke out at the appointed time, and, from the defenceless state of the Protestants, met for a season with little resistance. Many most important posts were maintained, chiefly by the promptitude and courage of the influentiu nobility and gentrv in their neighbourhood, and among these were Enniskillen, Carrickfergus, BeUast, Lbbum, &c. A proclamation was, nowever, issued at this time by Sir Owen Maginnis, and Sir Phelim O'Neill^ two principal leaders of the insur|[ents, which was of such a nature, that, acting uponit,therebebbecamemoreviolentthanever. The greatest atrocities were committed, as neither lives dor property were spared.' Dr. Reid acknowledges

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

St. Ailbe's abbey and twelfth-century synod at Clane

Clane · town · Kildare · 500–1199

An abbey for canons regular is alleged to have been built at Clane in the sixth century by St. Ailbe. In the twelfth century it served as the meeting place of a synod of 26 bishops and numerous abbots, which ordained that only alumni of the college of Armagh be eligible to divinity professorships.

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The town of Clane, in the above parish, stands on the left bank of the Liffey, and on the road from Dublin to Rathangan, 6^ miles south-west by west of Celbridge, 12^ east-north-east of Rathangan, and I6j west-south-west of Dublin. This tovm waa burned in 1798, and was afterwards rebuilt A bridge of 6 arches maintains communication across the Liffey. In the immediate vicinity are an ancient earthwork of the kind called a Dun, and the ruins of an old castle, the history of which appears to be lost. An ebbev for canons regular is alleged to have been built at Clane in the 6th century bv St. Ailbe, and to have been, in the 12th century, toe meeting, place of a synod, which waa composed of 26 bishope and numerous abbots and other dignitaries, and whidi ordained that none but alumni of the eollese of Armagh should be eligible to professorships of divinity. The pretended antiquity of the abbey possibly points to a remote Culdean establishment. A Frandscaa friary, considerable remains of which still exist, was founded, nobody knows by whom, in the early pari of the 13th century. The manor of Chine formerly belonged to the fiunily of Sarsfield ; it passed from them to the fiMnily of Wogan,— .Archdall and Seward erroneously sav, to the family of O'Hogain t and it was sold by the representatives of the Wogens, ai the same tame as RATBcomtT : which see. Fani are held in the town on April 28, July 25^ and Oct* 15. Area of the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,216 ; in 1841, 335. Houses 51.
CLANEBOT, or Clandkbot, a qaoodam territorial name of part of the counties of Antrim and Down, Ulster. In the reign of Edward IIL, the sept of Huffh-Boy O'Neill, who inherited part of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Stained glass windows from Dangan presented to parish

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

The chancel window and two small west windows of Carrickfergus parish church are of stained glass, originally from the private chapel of Dangan, former seat of the Marquis of Wellesley in Meath. They were presented to the parish by George Burleigh of Burleigh-hill; the chancel window depicts Christ's baptism in the Jordan.

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referable to any particular style of architecture ; it measures 132 feet in length, but is of very unequal breadth; and it appears to have been cruciform, ver^ narrow, and most inconveniently low. Its interior indicates great neglect ; and its choir — ^hear, ye lovers of the fine arts ! — is whitewashed. The chancel window and two small windows in the west are of stained glass ; they belonged to the private chapel of Dangan, formerly the seat of the Marquis of Welleslcy, in the county of Meath, and were presented to the parish by George Burleigh, Esq. of Burleigh-hill ; and the first contains a tolerably well-executed representation of Christ's baptism in the Jordan. The vestry-room was erected by Dean Dobbs, and contains a monument to his memory. Beneath the choir. Rose, Countess of Antrim, who died in 1682, and several other illustrious persons, lie entombed. Several fragments exist, but are thrown aside, of escutcheons which formerly decorated the walls, and belonged to various noble families related to the Countess. The north transept is the pro* perty of the Marquis of Donegal, and contains the once splendid monument of the Chichester familv; but is in a state of disrepair, and is walled off from the other parts of the church. The monument formerly possessed superbness and beauty to nearly as high a degree as these properties comport with the idea of a sepulchral erection ; was constructed of marble and alabaster ; and consists of several chambers and niches, occupied with large and small effigies in the costume of life. The principal figures are Sir Arthur Chichester, first Baron of Belfast, and his lady, in a kneeling posture, fronting each other, and represented with long robes and ruffs ; between them, their infant son ; and, in a compartment below, a sculpture in armour and in a praying posture, of Sir John Chichester, who was captured in a sally firom the town against James MacSorley MacDonnell, E^rl of Antrim, and beheaded on a stone at Glynn. On black tablets, in front of the pedestal, are inscriptions in praise of the courage and virtues of the knights who lie buried beneath; and over the inside entrance of the transept is a white marble tablet, surmounted by a coronet, and bearing a long Latin in^^cription to the memory of Arthur, third Earl of Donegal, who was killed in Spain in 1706. An octagonal spire was, in 1778, erected upon the tower of the church, at an expens^e of about £500, chiefly raised by subscription. — The Presbyterian roeeting-housc, originally in connection with the Synod of Ulster, and associated during a series of years in the present century with the name of Dr. Reid, the historian of Presbyterianism in Ireland, is a neat modern structure, situated 120 yards north of the parish-church. The Covenanters* meeting-house, so long associated with the name of Dr. Paul, is a plain structure, in the Irish Quarter. The small Independent chapel adjoins the West Quay, in the vicinity of the castle. The Methodists* chapel draws attention principally in connection with the fact, that Methodism was introduced to the town, in 1752, by some soldiers of the 42d Royal Highlanders. The Roman Catholic chapel, a plain building, adjoins a burying-ground in the western environs of the Irish Quarter. — The Franciscan monastery, to which the present parish-church belonged as a chapel, is variously stated to have been founded, in 1232, 1243, and 1253, by Hugh de Lacy, or by O'Neil. General Fitzmaurice, Richard de Burgh, and one of the Earls of Ulster, were interred within the pile. In 1408, Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore, who is said to have destroyed forty ecclesiastical edifices, and who previously tore from the windows of this monastery their iron bars, fled to it for refuge, and was soon after assassinated within it by gome

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 193

St. Anne's Church architecture, Belfast

near Belfast · city · Antrim

St. Anne's Church, located on Donegal Street in Belfast, is a unique structure built with a brick body, wooden tower, and copper cupola. Despite these heterogeneous materials, it features a handsome Doric portico and elegant Ionic and Corinthian details.

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Eccienaitical Buildingi.'] — St. Anne's church, situated in a recess on the east side of Donegalstreet, has a body of brick, a tower of wood, and a cupola of copper, and possesses greativ more elegance than might be supposed possible from the composition of such unmanageable and heterogeneous materials. Its front is adorned with a handsome Doric portico and attic balustrade ; its tower b of two stages, and in the Ionic order ; and its cupola baa Corinthian ornaments, and is surmounted by a spiral termination. The tower of this church, the turret on the Linen Hall, and the paltry spire on the Infirmary, are the only structures Belfast can boast in the form of steeples. *• The northern architects," say Mr. and Mrs. Hall, *• seem to have imagined, especially in the erection of places of worship, that the portico alone formed the proper object on which to display their taste and knowledge, uniformly neglecting the other external portions of the structure, to add to the importance of the favoured member." — St. peorge's church, situated in a recess near the foot of the south side of Hi^h-street, is an elegant edifice, and possesses a portico which is justly regarded as one of the most beautiful pieces of architecture in the kingdom. This portico is tetra-style Corinthian ; it originally belonged to Ballyscullion-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 169

St Anne's Church built on Donegal Street

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1784

The parish church of Belfast, known as St. Anne's, was built in 1784 on Donegal Street. The construction cost of £10,000 was entirely paid by the late Marquis of Donegal.

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This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Connor. Vicarial tithe composition, £350; glebe, £114. Gross income, £504; nett, £431 8s. 6d. Patron, the Marquis of DonegaL The rectorial tithes are compounded for £600, and are impropriate in the patron. Two curates are employed, — the senior, at a stipend of £74* and the surplice fees, amounting to £40, — and the junior, at a stipend of £30 from the vicar, and £20 from the senior curate. The parish-church is situated in Donegal-street, Belfast, and known by the name of St. Anne's church ; and it was built in 1784, at the cost of £10,000, the whole of which was paid by the late Marquis of Donegal. Sittings 1,000; attendance, from 800 to 1,000. The perpetual curacy of Upper Falls is within the parish ; iu church, usually called St George's, is in the town ; and its incumbent is the parochial senior curate. See Faulo (Upper). A third place of worship connected with the Establishment is situated in the rear of Belfast Royal Academical Institution ; it was completed in 1833, at the cost of £4,100, of which £2,500 was gifted by the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was raised by private subscriptions; and it is capable of containing 1,100 free sittings. Attendance, from 300 to upwards of 800. One of the parochial curates officiates every Sabbath morning in the House of Correction. In 1834, there were 11 Presbyterian meeting-houses; that in Fisherwick Place was attended by 1,500; that in South Collegestreet, by 100; that in Dublin Road, by 275; that in Alfred-street, by 225; Dr. Hanna's, by 1,200; Mr. Wilson's, by 300; Dr. Cooke's, by 1,400; Dr. Bryce's, by 150; Mr. Bellis*, by 100; Mr. Bruce's. by 250; and Mr. Porter's, by 400. In 1834, there were 5 meeting-houses of Protestant dissenters, not Presbyterians; the Quakers' was attended by 180; the Independents', by 300; the Methodists', in Torkstreet, by 300; the Methodists', in Rees Court, by 150; and the Methodists', in Donegal-square, by 725. In 1834, there were 4 Roman Catholic chapels : the old chapel was attended by 1^500; the new chapel, by from 2,000 to 4,000; Greencastle chapel, by 175; and Hanastown chapel, by 350. The new chapel, situated in Donegal-street, is regarded as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic dio. of Down and Connor, and, jointly with the old chapel and Greencastle chapel, has 5 officiates ; and the Hanastown chapel is united, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapels of the parish of Derryaghy. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 17.942 members and adherents of the EsUblished church, 25,039 Presbvterians, 1,265 other Protestant dissenters, and 22,078 Roman Catholics. In 1834, Christ- church Sunday school had on its books 524 boys and 423 girls; the Roman Catholic Sunday school in Donegal-street had 643 boys and 402 girls ; and 88 daily schoob had 3,587 boys and 2,773 girls. One of the tchooli

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 165

St. Anne Shandon church and its steeple

near Shandon · locality · Cork

St. Anne Shandon church stands on a considerable eminence in Cork and has a disproportionately large steeple of 170 feet, described as pepper-box-like. The steeple somewhat compensates for its ugliness with a tolerably good chime of bells.

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all built between the years 1725 and 17SA, hymam of a tax imposed by act of parliament of one ■hilling per ton upon all coal and culm comuined within the city. It is a plain, massive, dull, tastelesa, obloiy pile, totally destitute of what ia uaaally r^arded ai cathedral character, and possessing hardly a cbia to any sort of architectural consideration. The old tower rises from the west end, and ia aurmoinitcd by an octagonal spire of most unsymmetrical proportions ; the body of the church affects the Oiifie oriler, but has windows with wooden sash frapieti and presents hardly a feature of attraction to cither the superficial observer or the artist ; and the interior is distinguished from that of an ordinary psn^ chial place of worship only by the bishop's throw and the stalls of the dignitaries. A pointed doorway is the only one of even the remnants of the x structure which draws attention ; it i« reoesi richly moulded ; it consists of two distinct ornamented in low relief, — the outer by duster columns and a cinquefoiled head, and the inner by bold and well-relieved mouldings. The aunoandiaf cemetery is densely crowded, and contains a fev monuments worthy of notice. A pillar tower formerly stood in the cemetery ; but, bariiig sustahicd much damage from the fort on Barrack -hill at the storming of Cork under Marlborough, it was takea down, and has become completely u^>literated. The Diocesan Library, with olRces attached, is at the east bide of the cathedral, and still contains the books of its founder. Archdeacon Pomeroy. The episcopal palace, built by Bishop Mann, is a Iar]sr. handsome, square edifice, fronting the west end of the cathedral, and possessing very liniitetl pleasafegrounds.>-The church of St. Anne Shaiidon stands on a considerable eminence, and has an ungracefal, disproportionatelj^- large, and pepper-box like steepte of 170 feet in height, — consisting of a square tower and a graduated turret of three stories, but makuy some amends for its ugliness by the music of a tolerably good chime of bells Christ-church is a pUa

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

St. Coleman's traditional founding of the See of Cloyne

Cloyne · town · Cork · 604

The see of Cloyne is traditionally said to have been founded by St. Coleman, who died in 604. However, it cannot be traced in authentic records or monuments until after the arrival of the English.

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The see of Cloyne affects to have been founded by St. Coleman, who died in 604 ; but it cannot be traced in authentic record or in monuments till after the arrival of the English. The names of the bishops who sat in it from 1192 till 1431 are Matthew. Lawrence O' Sullivan, Daniel Floreure, Patrick David Mackelly, Allan O'Sullivan, Danid Reginald, Allan O'Lonergan, Nicholas de Effingham, Maurice O'Solehan, John de Cumba, Jolm Brid, John Whittock, John de Swaffham, Richird Wye, Gerald Canton, Adam Pay, and Jordan. Li the 14th century, the see became so impoverished that Edward III. applied to Pope John XXIIL to have it annexed to toe see of Cork, which also bad become much reduced ; but the desired anneiataoa did not take place till about the middle of next ocatury, during the bishopric of Jordan ; aud it thenee continued during upwards of two centuriei. Firom 1638 till 1653, Cloyne was again made separate, ani was held by George Synge ; from 1653 till the Restoration of Charles II., it lay vacant ; from the Restoration till 1678, it was annexed to Cork and Ross, and was held conjunctly with them by IGchid Boyle and Edward Synge ; and from 1679 till 1833^ it continued separate, and was held by Patrick Sheridan, Edward Jones, William Palliser, Tobies Pullen, St. George Ash, John Pooley, Charles Crowe, Henry Maule, Edward Synge, Gcor|i Berkeley, James Stopford, Robert Johnson, Hob. Frederick Hervey, Earl of Bristol, Charles Agv, George Chinnerv, Richard Woodward, William &■• nett, Charles Morgan Warburton, and John Brinks ley. Several of these names figure more prominendy than the rest in connection either with eodesiattiod rule, with Christian benevolence, or with literature: Dr. Ash, installed in 1695, had previously been provost and vice-chancellor of the u/iiversity of DnUiaa was translated from Cloyne to Clogher, and fion Clogher to Derry, and was a fellow of the Royal Society, an eminent mathematiciao, and the intinale friend of Addison and Swift; Dr. Crowe, installed in 1702, figured chiefly in restoring the see from n impoverishment so great as had occasioned ita bishop to be called * Episcopus Quinque Marcarum,* in re* covering upwards of 8,000 Irish acres of its riifnotfd lands, in rebuilding the palace and repairinc the e^ thedral, and in founding the endowed local school which still bears his name ; Dr. Berkeley, initalisd in 1733, is too thoroughly known to hiam to need one word of notice, — he was a native of the eooaty of Kilkenny, refused the offer of the lucrative tno^ lation to the see of Clogher, petitioned for kaft to

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 224

St. Columb's monastery at Bovevagh (Beith-Medhbha)

near Bovevagh · townland · Derry · 500–600

Archdall records that a monastery called Bovevagh, anciently Beith-Medhbha, was founded by St. Columb in Kenought and presided over by St. Aidan, nephew of St. Patrick through his sister Sinechal. The text notes the annalist's chronological conflation by comparing it to attributing St. Paul's London to Wren's uncle.

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BOVEVAGH, a parish on the west side of the barony of Kenought, 4^ miles north-north-west of Dungiven, co. Londonderry, Ulster. Length, 7 miles; breadth, 4; area, 19,636 acres, 1 rood, 25 perches, — of which 1,039 acres, 3 roods, 19 perches, constitute the district of Fermil lying a little east of Benbradagh mountain, and 3 miles east of the main body of Boveragh. Pop., in 1831, 5^531 ; in 1841, 5,174. Houses 985. The surface consists of part of the valley of the Roe, and of the glens and mountains of the western side of that river's basin. The arable land along the sides of the streams is alluvial and excellent ; that on hanging plains and on declivities is of a fair average quality ; but the soil, as the heights are ascended, becomes cold and wet; and the high grounds, except for the purposes of fuel, are generally unprofitable. The ^ognostic features and mineral properties of the district are interesting. Among the mansions are Straw, Ardiuarive, and Bally harridan,— the last the seat of W. Osborne, Esq., 2 miles west of Dungiven. The interior of the parish is traversed north- north- west- ward by the road from Dungiven to Bally kelly, and northward by that from Dungiven to Newtownlimavaddy. Archdall says that a monastery of the name of Bovevagh — anciently Beith-Medhbha — was founded by St. Columb in Kenought ; and that it was presided over by St Aidan, nephew to St. Patrick, by his sister Sinechal Had this annalist written the history of architecture, St. Paul's of London might possibly have figured in his pages as "a Norman structure built by William of Wykeham, uncle of Sir Christopher Wren." — This parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £580; glebe, £50. Gross income, £630; nett, £528 12s. O^d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend oif £84. The church was built in 1824, by means of a gift of £830 15s. 4^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300 ; attendance 65. The Presbyterian meeting-house has an attendance of 500. The Roman Catholic chapels at Ballymoney and Derrylane are attended

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

St. Diermit's priory and Cormac of Cashel tradition

Castledermot · town · Kildare · 500

A legend asserts that about the year 500, St. Diermit founded a priory for regular canons at Castle-Dermot. A story, currently believed though doubtfully authenticated, says Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town and interred in St. Diermit's priory.

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Sites ; and was a place of considerable strength. A bulous legend asserts that, about the year 500, St. Diermit founded here a priory for regular canons ; and a story, currently believed, though very doubtfully authenticated, asserts that Cormac of Cashel was educated in a celebrated school in the town, and interred in St. Diermit's priory, and that, about the same time, or in the year 842 or 844, the town was plundered bv the Danes. Earl Strongbow found the place, and the territory around it, in posteasion of the ancient sept of O'Tohills or O'Tooles ; and he conferred them on his follower, Walter De Riddlesford, the founder of the castle and the Crouched Friary. In 1264, after the Bourkes and Geraldinei had quarrelled respecting some land in Connaught, and had filled the kingdom with tumult and war, a meeting for the discussion of their claims was held at Castle-Dermot, and issued in Lord Theobald Butler, Lord John Cogan, the red Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Rupella, Lord-justice of Ireland, being seized by Maurice Fitzgerald and his party, and sent as prisoners to the castle of Ley. In 1315, while Bruce was overrunning ' Ireland, the Lordjustice made a great slaughter of insurgents at Castle-Dermot, who took advantage of the government being engaged with the invader to fling off their allegiance ; and next year, Bruce himself took and devastated the town, but shortly afterwards was, with much slaughter, defeated in its neighboarhood, by Lord Edmund Butler. In 1414, Archbishop Crawley, the Lord-justice, at the head of a smaU army, advanced as fiiir as Castle-Dermot to oppose a rising of rebels in Leinster ; and while he remained there, the royal forces defeated the insurgents at Kilkea. In 1499, a parliament was held in the town, and distinguished itself by several curious and memorable enactments, — among others, Uiat both deigy and lait^ should give the King a subsidy, and that the nobility should use saddles when they were on horseback, and wear their robes when tiiey were in parliament. In 1532, Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, while in rebellion, and running a career of devastation, entered Castle-Dermot on a great market-day, killed many of the persons who were assembled, plundered the inhabitants, and destroyed numerous houses with fire. During the rebellion of 1641, the town was alternately in the possession of the eontending parties ; in 1650, it was taken by Colooeb Reynolds and Hewson ; and since that period it hM been crumbling away in silence, — a stranger to the turbulence of war, and scarcely less a stranger to

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Steam-engine erected at Suirville

Suirville · townland · Tipperary · 1834–1837

In 1834 or 1837, a 25 horse-power steam-engine was erected in a flour mill at Suirville, as part of industrial developments around Clonmel.

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obvious that the care of so many horses, the wages paid to so many men, the building and painting and repairing of so many car«, the making and mending of so much harness, must give profitable employment to a great number of persons." Mr. Malcomson, an enterprising gentleman, and the proprietor of extensive tlour-milis in the town, established several years ago, at Clonmel, a handloom cotton manufactory, which gave employment to 160 girls. In 1829, a steam-engine of 10 horse-power was erected in a brewerv for grinding malt and pumping water; and, in 1834 and 1837* two of 30 and 25 horse-power were erected in mills, respectively at Clonmel and Suirville, for making flour. Fairs are held once a-month ; and annual fairs are held on May 5 and Nov. 5. Barges of from 20 to 40 tons burden navigate the Suir from Clonmel to Waterford ; they are of su(*h number and capacity as aggregately to carry 3,000 tons ; and they conduct a large carrymg trade, and charge to Waterford a freight of about 48. 6d. per ton. The improvement of the Suir navigation is a subject which has long excited great interest among the inhabitants of the town and the surrounding country. The Limerick and Waterford line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, touches Clonmel at the distance of 115 statute miles from Dublin, and will effect travelling over the distance in 4 hours and 47 minutes. The pubbc conveyances, in 1838, were a coach to Dublin, a mail-car to Limerick, a car to Kilkenny, a car to Roscrea, a car to Thurles, two cars to Waterford, and two mailcoaches in transit respectively between Waterford and Limerick, and between Cork and Dublin. Branch otlices of the Bank of Ireland and the Provincial Bank were established at Clonmel in 1825 ; and a branch ollice of the National Bank in 1835.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

St. Finbarr's founding of Cork settlement

Cork · city · Cork · 600–610

St. Finbarr established a religious settlement and school near the beginning of the 7th century, suggesting the surrounding area was previously a desert. His school was said to have 700 students, and a village likely grew around the establishment.

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History.'} — St. Finbarr's establishment, founded near the commencement of the 7th century, must be regarded as strong presumptive evidence that all the country around the bito of the subsequent city M-as, up to that period, wholly or chiefly a desert Similar establishments, at all events, are proved by numerous existing monuments, by records, and by their own genius, to have been usually erected in solitary and even dismally sequestered situations ; and that of Finbarr exhibits no feature which can indicate it to have been an exception. His school is said to have been attended by 700 students ; and though this statement is probably much exaggerated, it affords an intelligible hint that a village or incipient town speedily rose around his establishment. The Danes are frequentlv said to have surrounded the town by a wall in the 9th century ; but they iigure in record as enemies and spoliators of the place down to the year 1013; and they seem to be assigned an earlier friendly connection with it, only by the anachronism of writers who find them in possession of a section of the town at the date of the Anglo-Norman Conque^^t, and hastily infer that they were its founders. The village, soon after the time of St. Finbarr, acquired such consequence as to be called Corcuige-More, or Great Cork; though, after all, this may but have been the name of the mariih, the great marsh, on the edge of which it stood. In 814, the inhabitants are said to have committed great havoc in Muskerry; an<l, in 822, 833, 839, and 1013, the town was laid waste, or partially burned, by the Danes. In 1172, the town — then walled, and regarded as a place of considerable strength — was surrendered by Dermod Mac- Carthy, Prince of Desmond, to the English ; in a brief period, it returned to the possession of the Irish; in 1177, it was stormed and taken by Milo de Cogan; in 1182, it was besieged by Dermod MacCarthy, but relieved by Raymond 1e Gros ; in 1 185. it was again unsuccessfully besieged by Dermod MacCarthy ; and, in 1195, it was taken by the Prince of Desmond, probably Dermod MacCartby's son. The English soon reacquired possession ; and they for generations held the place against the united forces of MacCarthy, O* Lough lin, and other Irish leaders ; but they almost literally lived in a state of perpetual siege, they never ventured beyond the walls except in strong and armed bodies, and they were compelled, as Hollinshed tells us, " to watch their gates hourlie, to keepe them shut at service time, at meales, from sun to sun, nor sutfer aiiie stranger to enter the citie with his weapon, but the same to leave at a lodge appointed." But after the invention of gunpowder and the introduction of artillery, Cork ceased to have the power of making any prolonged

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

St. Finian's famous school at Clonard on the Boyne

Clonard · town · Meath · 500–599

St. Finian established a college at Clonard in the 6th century that drew three thousand students from Ireland, Britain, Armorica, and Germany. The Venerable Bede recorded that English students of all ranks came not only for study but for a contemplative life under Irish clerical hospitality.

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{>rescnts, in a lively manner, a summary of its popuar history. *' On a swelling bank over the Boyne," »ays he, ** ig the spot where once stood the abbey and cathedral of CMonard, — Cluainiraird^ * the field of the western height.* Here St. Finnian, the most learned of all the successors of St Patrick, established, in the Gth century, his college, to which three thousand students ntsorted, not oidy from all Ireland, but also from Britain, Armorica, and Germany. The Venerable Bede describes the English, both of the better and middle ranks, as coming here, not merely for the sake of study, but in the hope of leading a quieter and more contemplative life, (for it would appear that the Irish, in all their feuds, respected learning and the clergy,) and under the direction of holy Pitniian receiving from Irish hospitality instruction, food, lodging, and books, without charge, — cC-ad miUeJailte. So great was the fame of Finnian, as a commentator on holy scripture, that all the holy men of Ireland came to hear wisdom from his animated discourses. Hither came the twelve saints whom St. Patrick constituted apostles of Ireland. The venerable Kieran of Saiger, who, with his hair whitened with the snows of a hundred winters, did not disdain to hear Finnian expound to him the sacred book ; here al.-o came Kieran of Clonmacnoi^e, the carpenter's son, who wore himself out in deeds of penance and sanctity, and died in his 33d year. The two Columbs, Columbkille and Columb of Tirdaglass; the two Brendans, Brendan of Birr and Brendan of Kerry ; Ruadan of Lorra, Molua of Clonfert, and others, as reported by Usher and Colgan, resorted hither. It would appear that these holy men, while residing at Clonard, did not allow their studies to interfere with their bodily exercises, but that they cultivated the rich and fertile soil around their abode, and thus by invigorating their bodies enlivened their minds, and rendered them more capable of enduring the mental toil attendant on the ai'cumulation of great learning. There yet remains a legend which says that St. Columba, the

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

St. Finian's foundation at Clonard

Clonard · town · Meath

According to tradition, St. Finian received a grant of Clonard from St. Kieran and founded a bishopric, an abbey, and a theological school there.

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The ancient history of Clonard presents such a mixture of fable, romance, and disguised truth, that much erudition, time, and writing, would be requisite to effect its reduction to sober narrative. We are compelled, from the great restrictedness of our space, to take the historv simply as we find it, and to offer an outline of it with the precaution that some parts seem altogether fictitious, some much discoloured and distorte<l, and some true in essence, but partially falsified in attribute. St. Finian, then, as the story goes, was a man of high descent, a saint, and an eminent philosopher and divine ; he received a grant of Clonard from St. Kieran, the son of the artificer and the founder of the famous abbey of Clonmacnoise in King'i co., who had obtained from Dermid, the son of Cervail, monarch of Ireland, a grant of Clonmacnoise, Innisaingin, and one hundred churches in Meath ; and St. Finian founded at Clonard a bishopric, an abbey, and a theological school. — In the course of the 12th century, the bishopric was united to that of Trim, in consequence of its <liocesan abandoning Clonard as his seat, and constituting the abbeychurch of St. Peter and St. Paul at Newtown his cathedral; and early in the 13th century, it and other little bishoprics with which it had become consolidated, such as those of Trim. Ardhruccan, Shine, Duiishaughlin, Fore, and Clonmacnoise, were united to the see of Meath ; yet, up to the time when the celebrated Usher held it previous to his translation to Armagh, and even up to 1(K]I, when Dr. Henry Jones was translated to it from Clogher, Clonard nuintained a sort of claim to be the parent sec, and did not suffer the substitution of its name by that of .Meath. A pretended successional list of 70 bi<»hops, from St. Finian to Dr. Jones, is preserved ; and in this list appear Fienmale MacGirthed, *a chosen soldier of Christ,* — Rumold 3lacCathasach, * tfie rich
CLO

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

St. Fintan's monastery at Clonenagh

Clonenagh · townland · Laois

Clonenagh, situated east of Mountrath, is said by Archdall to have been the site of a monastery founded by St. Fintan. The monastery was considered rather considerable in former times.

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CLONENAGH and CLONAGHEEN, a parish, partly in the baronies of Cullinagh and East Maryborough, but chiefly in that of West Maryborough, Queen's co., Leinster. The West Mary Iwrough section contains the town of Mountrath : which see. In consequence of the confusion of mutual boundaries, and the fact of virtual mutual consolidation, the two parishes of Clonenagh and Clonagheen are treated, in both their political and their ecclesiastical statistics, as one parish under the name of Clonenagh. Length, southward 10 miles ; breadth, from 2J to 6^ miles. Area of the Cullinagh section, 773 acres, 3 roods, 23 perches ; of the East Maryborough section, 4,645 acres, 1 rood, 10 perches; of the West Maryborough section, 41,770 acref*, 1 rood, 10 perches. — of which 20 acres are in Ballvfin Louch. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 18,130; in 1841, 18,403. Houses 3,152. Pop. of the Cullinagh section, in ia31, 152; in 1&4I, 250. Houses 57. Pop. of the East Maryborough section, in ia3l. 1.314; in 1841, 1,317. Houh;s 232. I*op. of the rural districts of the West Maryborough section, in 1831, 14,077; in 1841, 13,736. Houses 2,362. The northern boundary is traced eastward by the Ownass rivulet, an early affluent of the Barrow ; the interior is drained southward by the Nore ; and the western border is traversed and drained southward by a rivulet which washes Mountrath, and soon afterwards falls into the Nore. A part of the northern district consists of some ofTshoots and terminating slopes of the Slievebloom mountains, and is richly embellished with the exten. sive demesne-grounds of Ballyfin [which see] ; but mo^t part of the other districts are flat, tame, poor, and freely interspersed with morass. The chief height occurs 2 miles south-east of Mountrath ; and has an altitude above sea-level of only 452 feet. About 4,560 acres of the whole parochial area are bog and mountain ; and the *' general quality of the land'' is officially stated, in language which we do not distinctly understand, ** to be the second of five divisions which run from the best to the worst land in the parish." The principal seats, additional to Ballyfin, are Woodbrook, Newpark, Woodbine, Forest-House, Springmount. Shanahoe, Anngrove- Abbey, Mount-Eagle, Raheen, and Tinnakill. The chief hamlets are Barracks- Village and Raheen. Clonenagh proper is situated I4 mile east of Mountrath ; and is said by Archdall to have been the site of a monastery which was founded by St. Fintan, and was in former times rather considerable. The interior of the parish is traversed west-southwc^tward by the road from Dublin to Limerick.— This parish comprises the two rectories of Clonenagh and Clonagheen, and is a separate benefice in the dio. of Leighlin. Tithe composition and gross income, £1,500; nett, £1,421 10*. Patron, the Crown twice, and the diocesan once, in every three presentations. One curate has a stipend of £120, two have a sti|)end of >tlK) each ; and one of the three acts a* chaplain in Roskelton. The pari<h-church is situated in Mountrath, and was built in 1790, at the cost of £969 4s. 7id.,— of which £461 10s. Q^d. was a donation from the Eurl of Mountrath, and the remainder was raided by parochial assessment and

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

St. George's enclosed market-place at Carrick-on-Shannon

Carrick-on-Shannon · town · Leitrim

Mr. St. George, the owner in fee of the site of Carrick-on-Shannon, erected a new enclosed market-place containing considerable accommodations. This was a notable civic improvement in the town.

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The town's ancient name, and that by which it is known in most legal documents previous to the present century, is Carrickdrumruske. The place was incorporated by charter of 1 1 James L But the borough limits were all on the Leitrim side of the river, and are reputed to have extended a short distance round the town, and to have been defined on two sides by lanes which still exist. The corporation was entitled, " The Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Carrigdrumruske;" and consisted of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of the commonalty. A court of record, with jurisdiction to the amount of £3 6s. 8d., was created by charter, but has for many years been in desuetude. The only courts now held are those presided over bv the judges of assize, the assistant-barrister, and the magistrates of the county. Mr. St. George, the owner in fee of the site of the town, erected a new enclosed marketplace, containing considerable accommodations. The frovost and free burgesses sent two members to the rish parliament, but were only the tools of the E^rl of Leitrim, the patron of the borough ; and his lordship pocketed the whole of the £15,000 granted in compensation of disfranchisement. The corporation, though keeping up the form till 1626, ot making corporate elections, became practically extinct at the Legislative Union. The members of the corporation were exclusively Protestants ; and the provost was bound by the charter to take the oath of supremacy, in addition to his oath of office. Up to 1€^, nearly 90 years after the town's incorporation, all its inhabitants were Protestants. The streets are not lighted, and are badly paved. Area of the Leitrim section of the town, 42 acres ; of the Roscommon section, 14 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 1,870; in 1841, 1,984. Houses 253. Pop. of the Leitrim section, in 1831, 1,423; in 1841, 1,716. Houses 208. Families, in the Leitrim section, employed chiefly in agriculture, 48; in manufactures and trade« 125; in other pursuits, dS. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 23; on the directing otlabour, 144'; on their own mamial labour, 74; on means not spccilied, 25.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195

St. John's Eve procession in Claddagh and Galway

Claddagh · electoral division · Galway

On the evening of June 24th, the feast of St. John the Baptist, the Claddagh community held a procession led by their mayor through the principal streets and suburbs of Galway, with young men in white jackets, standards, and disguised 'merrymen.' The festival, ending with bonfires, was identified as a remnant of an ancient pagan rite.

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limited control over their husbandc; they exclusively manage the produce of the fisheries, and possess considerable shrewdness in disposing of it in the market; they allow their husbands little more money than is requisite for keeping their boats in repair, vet practise the astute but wicked poHcy of plentifully supplying them with whisky and tobacco; and tbej themselves smoke and dnnk like dragoons, and yet maintain a tidiness of domestic economy which would seem to be incompatible with their habits, and exhibits a striking and cheerful contrast to the prevailing squalidness of Irish cabins. The young people almost never marry beyond the limits of the colony, and usually intermarry at an early age, and with the odd preliminary of an elopement: a pair usually plight faith during a festivity; tliey disappear from among their friends on an evening, and are reconciled to them and married on the following morning; and they are, for the most part, immediately supplied with a cabin of their own, and with the share of a boat, or the means of building one. The women are handsome and prolific; both infidelity and jealousy are unknown; and the children, in general, are more healthy, muscular, and symmetrical than those of the most favoured consmunities. — The amusements of the community are at gross and wicked as their domestic economy is comparatively good ; and consist principally of dancing, obstreperousness, and bacchanalian orgies on the evenings of Sabbaths and holidays, and for days together at the feast of St. Patrick and other chief festivals. Drunkenness and a strong dash of heathenism are the characteristic features of nearly all their frolics ; and the latter is particularly exhibited at the festival of St. John the Baptist, on the 24th of June. " On the evening of that day," says Mr. Hardiman, " the young and old assemble at the head of the village; and their mayor, whose orders are decisive, adjusts the rank, order, and precedence of this curious procession. They then set out, headed by a band of music, and march with loud and continued huzzas and acclamations of joy, accompanied by crowds of people through the principal streets and suburbs of the town ; the young men all uniformly arrayed in short white jackets, with silken sashes, their hats ornamented with ribbons and flowers, and upwards of 60 or 70 of the number bearing long poles and standards with suitable devices, which are in general emblematic of their profession. To heighten the merriment of this festive scene, two of the stoutest, disguised in masks, and entirely covered with party-coloured rags, as * merrymen,* with many antic tncks and gambols, make way for the remainder. In the course of their progress, they stop with load cheerings and salutations opposite the houses of the principal inhabitants, from whom they generally receive money on the occasion. Having at length regained their village, they assemble in groups, dancing round, and sometimes leaping and running through their bonfires, never forgetting to bring home part of the fire, which they consider sacred ; and thus the night ends, as the day began, in one continued scene of mirth and rejoicing. That the entire of this exhibition, though unknown to the actors, is a remnant of an ancient pagan rite, is evident to any one acquainted with the earlr history of this country." — The men of the Claddagh, on ordinary occasions, wear the jacket and trowsers common to persons of their occupation ; but, on holidays, or when in gala dress, they wear three flannel vests under a fourth of white cotton or dimity, trimmed with white tape, a fine blue rug iacket, with a standing collar and horn buttons, a blue plush breeches, never tied or buttoned at the knees, a red silk neckerchief, and a broad brim-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

St. Kieran's church: tiny oratory and holy clay pilgrimage

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

A diminutive oratory identified as St. Kieran's church, so small a tall man could scarcely lie at length in it, with walls collapsed from their foundations. Pilgrims rooted in a hollow beside it for holy clay from St. Kieran's supposed remains, steeping it in water to drink as a remedy against disease.

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ing from point to point of the reputedly sacred circle, invalids scraping for holy clay or waiting a cure by contact vrith sward and stones, rustic virtuosi gaping and stumbling in search of some denouement to the mystery which their dull minds have long associated with the name of *' the Seven Churches," and multitudinous sots staggering after the few brains they have lost on the adjoining patron-green, or reeling and worming with the drunkard's speed to partake of the last dregs of debauchery at the close of the orgies of the patron.* The writer we have already quoted seems to have felt bewildered — as who would not ? — on first entering this scene ; and was obliged to be indebted for local guidance to one of the presiding pauper female cicerones. •* I found," says he, •* that she made it part of her occupation to attend here, and direct the people where and how to make their stations, — here so many turns round an altar or a church on the bare knees, there so many paters and aves — such a cross you were to embrace to avert the pains of child-birth — yonder stone you must sit on to cure the pain in the back — there is the place you must scrape at to gather the holy clay that is around St. Kieran's remains. After looking about vaguely for a time, this church of St. Kieran's was what caught my particular attention. It was extremely small, more an in«ignificant oratory than what could be called a church ; a tall man could scarcely lie at length in it; a mason would have contracted to build its walls for a week's wages ; yet this, my mendicant guide said, was the old church of St. Kieran— the old walls had all gone awry from their foundations, they had collapsed together, and presented a picture of desolation without grandeur. Beside it was a sort of cavity or hollow in the ground, as if some persons had lately been rooting to extract a badger or a fox ; but here it was that the people, supposing St. Kieran to be deposited, have rooted diligently for any particle of clay that could be found, in order to carry home that holy earth, steep it in water, and drink it ; and happy is the votary who is now able among the bones and stones to pick up what has the semblance of soil, in order to commit it to his stomach, as a means of grace, or as a sovereign remedy against diseases of all sorts."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 214

St. Michael's Church, Blackrock, Cork: lightning destroys spire (1836)

near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1827–1836

St. Michael's Church, built in 1827 as a chapel-of-ease to St. Finbarr's Cathedral in Cork, was a handsome pointed-style structure. In January 1836, its admired spire was partly torn apart and hurled 60–80 yards by a lightning strike.

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ture in the pointed style. The spire of this edifice, ereatly admired for its symmetry, was partly torn into an aerial Avreck, and partly hurled awa^ to the distance of 60 or 80 yards, by a stroke of lightning in January 1836. The Roman Catholic chapel, built in 1824, usually attended by 7^ persons, and par. ocbially united to the chapel, or titular cathedral of St. Finbarr, occupies a conspicuous situation in the scenery of the peninsula. The Ursaline nunnery, attended in its chapel by about 100 persons, is an imposing: edifice, of a great centre and two wings, and has a pleasant lawn interposed between it and the river. Blackrock-castle, the fortalice of Cork, was originally a circular tower, built early in the reign of James I., bv the Lord-deputy Mountjoy, for the protection of the river; and closely resembled the blockhouses, erected in the time of Henry VIII., for the defence of the entrance of Southampton water, and other parts of the English coast. In 1722, the corporation of Cork repaired it, and raised upon it an octagonal room or tower, surmounted by a cupola; and here, on the 1st of August, when the corporation sailed down the estuary, and threw a dart into the sea in assertion of their rights of admiralty, the mayor annually held his court as admiral of the harbour. The greater part of the building was destroyed by an accidental fire; and the | present pile was erected on the site of the old, after ; designs by Mr. Pain, and stands at an angle of the ' peninsula, sentineUlike, guarding the entrance into ' Lough Mahon, and adding mueh to the picturesque j effect of the natural beauties of the river. A large j circular tower, with a crenelated parapet, rises from bold deep corbels, is pierced with numerous horizon- | tally-labelled windows, and contains a small ban- ; quetting-room ; at its east end, a slender cylindrical ; round tower rises several feet higher than it, and | exhibits after dusk a light for the guidance of the | shipping; behind are several low oblong buildings in a style to correspond with the towers ; and at the east side is a broad-arched barbican, flanked by small j hexagonal embattled towers, and leading out by a flight of steps to the edge of the river. A plain, small ivy-mantled tower, called King-Mahon-castle, stands in front of Castle-Mahon demesne ; and the ruin of an old mansion, called Dundanion-castle, stands half-a-mile west of Blackrock-castle, and is laid down on the plan of Cork given in the Pacata Hibernia as " Galwaies Castell." The old Irish sept of Mahony, who anciently held large possessions in the vicinity, gave the name of Lough Mahon to that part of the Lee which lies between Blackrock and the Great Island ; and bequeathed their name also to Lady Chatterton's demesne. The grounds between the Douglas river and Blackrock-castle are called the Ring, a corruption of r^ea, < a promontory.' West>vard of Blackrock, and in some degree identified with it, is the village of Ballintehple : which see. *' Adjoining the Blackrock road, in a field about a mile from Cork," said Mr. Croker in 1824, *' amethysts have been found, but of an inferior quality to those procured in foreign countries. The quarry was discovered more than 20 years since ; I and after being worked for a short time, the question of proprietorship got into Chancery, where it still remains. Many tons of earth were thrown over the excavations which had been made, and a guard placed to prevent farther search ; but notwithstanding these ))recautions, I have seen some good crystals recently picked up there. It is the opinion of those ! more conversant than myself with geology, that a | few months further work would have completely exhausted this amethystine mine, as from its situa- I tion it cannot be extensive. Many curious anecdotes ' are told' relating to its first discovery, which, of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

St Nicholas church on Franciscan monastery site

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

The parish church of Carrickfergus, anciently called St Nicholas-within, is alleged to occupy the site of an aboriginal heathen temple. It was originally the chapel of a Franciscan monastery and communicated with the monastic buildings by a subterranean passage which still exists.

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EccUtiattical Buildings.'] — The parish -church crowns a rising ground, and occupies a somewhat open area, in a central situation about 100 yards within the north-west line of the city-wall. It anciently bore the name of St. Nicholas-within, to distinguish it from another St. Nicholas' church without the walls, the site of which is not now known; it is alleged to occupy the site of an alKN-iginal heathen temple ; and it was originally the chapel of » Franciscan monastery, and communicated with the monastic buildings by a subterranean passage which still exists. The structure is so irregular, and so deformed by repairs and alterations, as not to bo
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Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 192

St. Nicholas parochial church built in 1723

Cork · city · Cork · 1723

The parochial church of St. Nicholas parish in Cork was built in 1723 and could seat 800 people. By the 1830s, its attendance was recorded as around 870.

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£21. Gross income, £312 14s.; nett, £221 Ss. Ud.; but both of these sums are exclusive of £8 16s. 9Afl. paid to the incumbent in his capacity of chancellor. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the benefice and prebend of Kihnaclenan, in the dio. of Cloyne. Part of the tithes of St. Nicholas, compounded for £108 Os. lOd., is impropriate as folIo\V8,_l"62 4s. 9d. in the Messrs. Meade. £4 I9s. 9(1. in Mr. B. Deeble, and £40 16s. 4d. in the lessees of S|)ital lands corporation. One curate for the pari>h has a salary of £105. with a share of contingent fees, — £30 of the salary being paid from voluntary contribution ; and another, who has special charge of the Hou<ie of Industry in the parish, has a salary of £7o from voluntary contribution. The pHroch'ial church was built in 17*23. Sittings 800 ; attendance 87a The Roman Catholic parochial chapel has 4 oHiciates, 6 or 7 services on Sundays, and an attendance of 8,700; and the Capuchin friary chapel is under the csire of 4 friars, and has an attendance of 3, 100. In 1834, the parishioners consixted of 2,321 Churchmen, 57 Presbyterians, 30 other Protestant dissenters, and 14,774 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school connected with the friary and another Sunday school had an average attendance of respectively 500 and 290 children; and 22 daily schools had on their books 1,516 boys and 1,308 girls. Two of the daily schools were connected with the House of Industry, and supported by grand jury presentments and by subscriptions ; three, for respectively bo^'s, girls, and infants, arc supported, and 55 of the children attending them clothed, by a l)equest of about £189 14s. lOd. a-year, from the late Moses Deane, Esq. ; one was a female school salaried with ■bout £30 from subscription ; one was the school of St. Stephen's ho*<pital, endowed with a bequest from the late Baron Worth, of about £420 a-year, and under the trusteeship of the corporation of the cit^ ; one was a female school, supported wholly by Miss Sbeehan ; one was connected with the Presentation nunnery, and supported wholly by the nuns; one was connected with the friary, axid supported by voluntary contributions ; and two were under the care of monks, and supported by contributions and a public collection amounting to about £120 a-year.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

St. Patrick's nunnery at Clonbroney destroyed by fire in 778

Clonbroney · townland · Longford · 778

A nunnery was alleged to have been founded at Clonbroney by St. Patrick and served as the retreat of two sisters of St. Guascat, abbot of Lerha. It was destroyed by fire in 778.

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CLONBRONEY. or Clonbrone. a parish, partly in the barony of Anlaph, but chiefly in that of Oranard, 5\ miles west of the town of Granard, co. Longford, Leinster. The Granard section contains the village of Ballinalee : which sec. Length, southsouth-eastward, 7 miles ; breadth, from 5 furlongs to 3^ miles. Area of the Ardagh section, 482 acres, 3 roods, 33 perches; of the Granard section, 12,224 acres, 3 roods, 28 perches, — of which 124 acres, 2 roods, 16 perches are water. Pop. of the whole, in la-Jl, 5,471 ; in 1841, 5,1 14. Houses 890. Pop. of the Ardagh section, in 1831, 175; in 1841, 44. Houses 9. Pop. of the rural districts of the Granard section, in 1831, 5.041 ; in 1841, 4,771. Houses 831. The land, regarded in the average, is of middle-rate quality, and worth about 24s^ per iicre. The declination is to the south, along the ea*<t side of the Camlin river. Roads radiate from Ballinalee toward respectively Granard, liOngford, Edgeworthstown. and Carrickon- Shannon. Loughs Gurteen and Currygrane lie nearly in the centre of the parish, and comprise most of its water-area. Near the base of Caimc Hill is Kilshruly, the seat of Mnjor T. Edgeworth; and on the road from Edgeworthstown to Ballinalee, is Lissard, the seat of John O'Ferral, Esq. The demesne of Firmount, the residence of the late Abbe Edgeworth, who was confessor to Louis XVI., and attended him to the scaffold, is now included in that of Lissard, and still contains part of the Abbe's hou<c and chap<>l. Other demesnes are Garvagh, Whitehill, Currygrane, Lark field, and Glen-Lodge. A nunnery is alleged to have been founded at Clonbroney by St. Patrick, — to have been the retreat of the two Emerijts, — sisters of St. Guascat, abbot of Lerha,— .and to have been destroyed by fire in 778. — This parish is a vicarage, and a sepanite benefice, in the dio. of Ardagh. Vicarial tithe compoMtion, £1(>6 3s. Id. ; glebe, £57. Gross income, £223 3s. Id. ; nctt, £176 4^. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. One part of the rectorial tithes is compounded for £124 12s. 3}d., and belongs to the diocesan and is demised ; and another part is compounded for £1 15 7s. 8:^d., and is impropriate in Michael Nelligan, Esq. The church was built in 1826, by means of a loan of £1,015 7s. 8id. from the late Board of First Fruits, and enlarged, in 1832, by means of a loan of £200 from that Board, and donations of aggregately £130 from Lady Rosse, Col. Palliser, and the vicar. Sittings 300; attendance 250. A schoolhouse at the extremity of the parish is also used every Thursday as a parochial place of worship. Two Roman Catholic chapels have each an attendance of 1,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. In 18.34. the parishioners consisted of 824 Churchmen, 79 Presbyterians, and 4,050 Roman Catholics ; a Protestant Sunday school bad on its books 71 boys and 69 girls; 2 Roman Catholic Sunday schools had 280 boys and 420 girls ; and 6 daily schools — 2 of which were salaried by the Ardagh Association, and 1 by the National Board — had on their books 286 boys and 163 girls. In 1840, the National Board granted £74 3s. 4d. toward the erection of a school at Castlebrock ; and had a school at Clord)roney, and a male school and a female school at Ballinalee.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

St. Paul's parish church built in 1726

Cork · city · Cork · 1726

The parish church of St. Paul's in Cork was built in 1726 and had 600 sittings. During the 1830s, the church had an attendance of 450.

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St. Paul's.'] — This parish lies wholly in the city. It mea!>ures not one -sixth of a mile in length, and not one-fourteenth of a mile in breadth ; and its area is only 22 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,028; in 1841, 4,563. Houses 386.— St. Paul's is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cork. Gross income, £266; nett, £252 4s. 7d. Patron, alternately the Duke of Leinster and Richard Longfield, Esq. of Longueville. The incumbent holds also the benefice of Inchegeelagh, in the dio. of Cork. Two curates have salaries of respective! v £09 4s. 7id. and £50. The church was built in 1726. Sittings 600; attendance 450. A Wesleyan meeting-house is attended by 700 ; a Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house by COO; and a Roman Catholic chapel by 4.000 ; and the last has 3 officiates. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 936 Churchmen, 61 Presbyterians, 68 other Protestant dissenters, and 4,089 Roman Catholics ; two Sunday schools, the one Protestant and the other Roman Catholic, had an average attendance, the former of 80, and the latter of 100; and 10 daily schools had on their books 309 boys and 448 girls. One of the daily schools was a Protestant free-school, supported with £150 a-year from subscription, out of which several of the children were clothed; one was a Protestant free-school for infants, salaried with about £25 from subscription ; and one was a free-school for females, supported with dividends on a sum of £450, 3 ^ percent- Cons. Bank Annuities, and with £50 a-year from subscrip-
tion. In 1840. B National tchool w«i attended faf 273 females, and salaried with £18 from the Bovd.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Straidland and Little Ballymena districts

Straid · townland · Antrim

Straidland and Little Ballymena are mutually contiguous sections constituting the north-west district of Carrickfergus parish.

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Lough. Movt of the Imdi on the skirts of the htlU^ and thoBe which lie low, aie of eseellent qwliljf ; and they aggregately possess great wwmtli and enbellishment frmn wood. Agncultoiv, evea twentj years ago, was in a greatly improved conditiOB ; ud many pendicles of common and waste groands were reclaiiued for tillage, — many planted with ormaMntal or forest trees. Wheat, barley, oats, potatoea, and flax, are the chief crops cultivated, — oati, most of all,_and wheat less than formerly, on nceount (rf being discovered to scourge the soil tbreefoM more than oats. The dbtrict has long been celebrated for the manufacture of cheese. Belfast Lough, while touching the parish, aboonds in fish, haa a very slightly indented shore-line, and k oiwrh>okcd by a dean beach, and a highly ornamented scn-bonnL Villas, cottages, and miscellaneous lodgings for the accommodation of sea-bathers, are numerous and in great request. A sand-bank, neariy a nnle long, and covered with eight feet of water at ebb, lies about a mile south-west of Carrickfergua-castle ; but, from the time of William IIL downward, it has been known to be fatal to only t\w> vessels. A loftily situated lake, of about 90 acres in extent^ lies in the north-east comer of the parish, and pfesenia some curious features. See Mobne (Louoh). Tho superfluent water of the lake runs eastward to n confluence vrith another rill ; and the united stiewa» under the name of Copeland Water, tmrea tho east«m boundary of the parish southward to Belfcst Lough. A glen, called the Noisy Tale, lies in tho vicinity of Lough Mome, and has its uame from o small rill which falls with much violence into an aperture of the ground, and becomes so nprrtthoosif subterranean that its subsequent identity m matter of mere conjecture. SuUa-tobber, or the Sallow-««Il^ supposed but not known to be the rill of tho Koisy Vale— springs from beneath a limestone roek about U mile north of the town; and, taking a southerly direction, turns a corn-mill, and falls into Belmt Lough at the part of the town called the Seotcb Quarter. A rill, called the Silfer Stream, tmeai part of the western boundary southward to the tide. But the chief stream has all its courae i»tbe iatoriort and terminates a brief distance west of the town ; and it is rich in landscape, wood, cascade, cave, villa, and factory, and anciently was overlooked by an abbey. Sec Woodbubk, Pipeclay, potter's-earth, brick-clay, and some other valuable earths, ooeur near the shore ; and the first vras at one time m^ ported, in great quantities, as an article of commepotr Regulariy crystallized baaaltes are found alonf tho shore in positions as if they were escaping to tho sea; zeolite may be observed; and gypsnoH of three distinct species, is plentifullv diflused. Various vegetable fossils occnr on the low ground! ; tfia hazel-nut, in particular, is met with bensath » bod of peat, accompanied by great bodies of timhev audi brushwood, and often presenting a peffeet sheil« aod a completely petrified kernel. The rock of tho thentier uplands is chiefly white and grey indorateil chalk, containing nodules of flint ; and tho Midt of the district beyond is part of the great tmp ftild of the county. Raths, barrows, and cairns, aro nmnc^ ous on the hills ; and several coins of gPMit anti* quity have been found on the low grounds* Chmgl^ naharty-castle stands in ruin westwaid of the town. but never was an object of any note. Upwards of two miles west of the town are the mini of two churches, called Killyann and Canrawsy; and at the Stonyglen once stood a monastic eeU, eallod the Priest's House. Two sections of tho parish, called StraidUmd and little Ballymena, mutually contiguous, and constituting the north-west distriett were, not many years ago, pronounced to btloq^ in

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

Straidland and Little Ballymenor boundary dispute

Straid · townland · Antrim · 1810

The lands of Straidland and Little Ballymenor, forming the north-west district of Carrickfergus parish, were included in the corporate boundaries by Elizabeth's charter but excluded by a charter of 7 James I. In 1810 a suit at spring assizes declared them to lie beyond the borough, chiefly because their roads had been made at Antrim's charge.

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Municipal Affiiirt, ^c.]— Excepting the area and precincts of the castle, and the site of the county of Antrim court-house and gaol, the whole of the lands occupied by the town, and of those within the limits of the parish, constitute a jurisdiction separate from that of the county of Antrim. The incorporation of the place as a county in itself, is ascribed by tradition to Ring John, but is not recognised by any extant charter earlier than one of 11 Elizabeth. Yet so early as 20 Edward II., or the year 1326, evidence exists of its having had a shrievalty distinct from that of Antrim, though held by the same officiate ; for in that year, as appears by an extant document, the king committed during pleasure to John de Athy the office of sheriff *' in the counties of Cragfergus and Antrim.** The lands of Straidland and Little Ballymenor, which constitute the north-west district of the parish, are included within the corporate boundaries by the charter of Elizabeth, but excluded by a charter of 7 James I. ; and, in issue of a suit tried at the spring assizes of 1810, they were declared—chiefly, we believe, on the ground of their roads having been made at the charge, not of Carrickfergus, but of Antrim— to lie beyond the borough
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Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 194

Street cross removed by Lord Longueville at Cloyne

Cloyne · town · Cork

A large wooden cross, probably representing a more ancient stone one, stood at the intersection of the two principal streets of Cloyne. It was removed by order of Lord Longueville, greatly to the displeasure of the inhabitants.

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square castle, which stood in the centre of the town, and which was not very many years ago removed, is said to have been built and inhabited by the Fitzgeralds, seneschals of Imokilly. Sir Walter Raleigh fought a skirmish near the town with one of these seneschals; and behaved in the action with conspicuous gallantry A large wooden cross, probably the representative of a more ancient stone one, stood at the intersection of the two principal streets, and, greatly to the displeasure of the inhabitants, was removed by order of the late Lord Longueville. — An Augustinian nunnery stood at one time a little west of the Episcopal palace ; and very absurdly pretended to have been founded in the 6th century, and to have had for its first abbess a person called St. Ite. Another monastery, or probabiy the same one — for the former was long ago demolished — affected to have been founded in 707« and to have been plundered first by the people of Ossory in 978, and next by Dermot O'Brien in 1069. An hospital is said to nave been founded in 1326, and is commemorated in the name of the Spital Lands of Cloyne applied to lands which formerly were its property. In 1260, the town, like numerous others in Ireland, was divided into Englishtown and Irishtown.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 223

St. Stephen's Hospital school endowed by Baron Worth

Cork · city · Cork

A school connected to St. Stephen's Hospital in Cork was endowed with a bequest from the late Baron Worth, providing approximately £420 per year. The school was under the trusteeship of the city corporation.

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£21. Gross income, £312 14s.; nett, £221 Ss. Ud.; but both of these sums are exclusive of £8 16s. 9Afl. paid to the incumbent in his capacity of chancellor. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the benefice and prebend of Kihnaclenan, in the dio. of Cloyne. Part of the tithes of St. Nicholas, compounded for £108 Os. lOd., is impropriate as folIo\V8,_l"62 4s. 9d. in the Messrs. Meade. £4 I9s. 9(1. in Mr. B. Deeble, and £40 16s. 4d. in the lessees of S|)ital lands corporation. One curate for the pari>h has a salary of £105. with a share of contingent fees, — £30 of the salary being paid from voluntary contribution ; and another, who has special charge of the Hou<ie of Industry in the parish, has a salary of £7o from voluntary contribution. The pHroch'ial church was built in 17*23. Sittings 800 ; attendance 87a The Roman Catholic parochial chapel has 4 oHiciates, 6 or 7 services on Sundays, and an attendance of 8,700; and the Capuchin friary chapel is under the csire of 4 friars, and has an attendance of 3, 100. In 1834, the parishioners consixted of 2,321 Churchmen, 57 Presbyterians, 30 other Protestant dissenters, and 14,774 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school connected with the friary and another Sunday school had an average attendance of respectively 500 and 290 children; and 22 daily schools had on their books 1,516 boys and 1,308 girls. Two of the daily schools were connected with the House of Industry, and supported by grand jury presentments and by subscriptions ; three, for respectively bo^'s, girls, and infants, arc supported, and 55 of the children attending them clothed, by a l)equest of about £189 14s. lOd. a-year, from the late Moses Deane, Esq. ; one was a female school salaried with ■bout £30 from subscription ; one was the school of St. Stephen's ho*<pital, endowed with a bequest from the late Baron Worth, of about £420 a-year, and under the trusteeship of the corporation of the cit^ ; one was a female school, supported wholly by Miss Sbeehan ; one was connected with the Presentation nunnery, and supported wholly by the nuns; one was connected with the friary, axid supported by voluntary contributions ; and two were under the care of monks, and supported by contributions and a public collection amounting to about £120 a-year.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

St. Synell's abbey on Cleenish islet in Lough Erne

Cleenish · townland · Fermanagh · 550–600

The islet of Cluain-Innis (Cleenish) in Lough Erne gave its name to the parish and appears to have long been the seat of central worship for the district. Archdall places an abbot named St. Synell on the islet about the middle of the 6th century, and notes that the abbey over which Synell presided became the parish church.

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lakcfi. Lenf^th of the Tyrkeiiiiedy section, southsouth-westward, and over two considerable intersecting di>tricts, G^ miles; breadth, from 3 furlong'i to 2^ miles; area, 4,8^ acres, 22 perches, — of which 1,250 acres, 2 roods, 4 perches, are in Upper Lou^h Erne, and 194 acres, 18 perches, are in the river Erne, and in small lakes. Pop. of the whole, in 18-31, 10,557; in 1841, 11,075. Houses 1.846. Pop. of the Glenawley section, in 1831, 8,013; in 1841, 9,104. Houses 1,527. Pop. of the Ma«:heraboy section, in 1831, 94; in 1841, C8. Houses 11. Pop of the Magherastephana section, in 1831, 179; in 1841, 218. Houses 3G. Pop. of the rural parts of the Tyrkennedy section, in 1831, 1,429; in 1841, 1,4*25. Houses 239. The Glenawleybeg and Magheraboy sections lie on the west side of the j^eat Erne basin, and the Magherastephana and Tyrkennedy sections on the east side ; but, in a general view, the two sets of territory recede from each other like a pair of expanded wings, and the Magheraboy section is wholly surrendered by Rossory. The scenery of the parish is very diversified, and, in the aggregate, rich and full of power and beauty ; but it is chiefly identified with that of Upper Lough Erne, of the Loughs Macnean, of the country between them, and of the east side of the basin between Upper Lough Erne, and the southern environs of Enniskillen. A very great proportion of the surface is lofty upland, some of which is cultivated, and most of it improveable. The quality of the arable grounds varies between excellent and indifferent, but is prevailingly good. The isles and shores of Lough Erne have numerous attractives for both the painter and the farmer. One of the Erne islets, called Cluain-Innis, or, corruptedly, Cleenish, gives name to the parish ; and appears to have long been the scat of the central place of woiship for the district. Archdull places an abbot of the name of St. Synell on that islet ** about the middle of the Gth century ;" and tells us that "it" — meaning apparently the abbey over which St. Synell presided — " is now the parish-church." Belleisle, another of the more remarkable isles, is separately noticed. The road from Enniskillen to Fintona and Omagh, crosses a section of the parish east of the Erne, and is overlooked by Snowhill, the seat of J. Douglass Johnston, Esq. ; and the road from Enniskillen to Swanlinbar crosses the main section west of the Erne, and is overlooked by Skea and Fair wood -Park, the seats respectively of Geo. Hassurd, Esq., and Mr. Nixon. The other seats are LisbofBn, Gardenhill, and Cornascull. The chief hamlet in the west is Holywell — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Clogher. Tithe composition, £568 183. 4d. ; glebe, £615 14«. 5id. Gross income, £1,184 9s. 94d. ; iiett, £1,004 7s. 2id. Patron, Trinity College, Dublin. Three curates have each a stipend of £69 48. 7.U1. The parish-church is sometimes called Belnaleck church, and is an old building supposed to have been erected at the expense of the parish. Sittings 308; attendance 200. Two chapels-of-ease at LisDELLAW and Mullacudrum [see these article*], have an attendance of respectively 350 and 150. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses at LisbeU law and Corrard are under the care of one minister, and have jointly an attendance of 75. A Primitive Wesleyan meeting-house has an attendance of 185. Three Roman Catholic chapels at Mullaghdrum, Mullyme>ker, and Holywell, have jointlv an attendance of 1,574; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. A Roman Catholic chapel, at Lisbellaw, has an attendance of 700 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels at Enniskillen and DerryvuUen. In 18-34, the parishioners consisted of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

St. Vaugh's ancient chapel ruin near Carnsore Point

near Carnsore Point · promontory · Wexford

The ruin of a very ancient chapel, known as St. Vaugh's, is located in an old cemetery very near Carnsore Point in County Wexford. The parish of Carne terminates at this south-easterly point of the mainland.

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English settlers in the reign of Henry IL, and now called the Castle of Cloeast. The ruin of a very ancient chapel, called St. Vaugh's, stands in an old cemetery very near Camsore Point. The road from that headland to Wexford cuts the parish into nearly equal parts, and sends off branches eastward to the sea, and westward to Lough Ta. — This parish is » rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composition, £280; glebe, £43 1 5s. Gross income, £323 153.; nett, £274 lOs. Patron, the diocesan. The church is very old ; and was completely renovated in 1825, at the cost of £120, raised by subscription and parochial assessment. Sittings 50; attendance 50. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 31, and the Roman Catholics to 759; and a hedge-sdiool had an average attendance of 90 children.
CARNE, CO. Donegal. See Cabn.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

Subterranean chambers at Garranes

Garranes · townland · Cork · 1829

In 1829, antiquarians Crofton Croker and R. O'Callaghan Newenham explored curious subterranean bee-hive-like chambers on the farm of Garranes, located within a circular intrenchment. The site features five circular intrenchments on the farm alone, and the superstitious peasantry regard the works as fairy abodes.

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ground, fertilizes it into a rich marshy meadow which as long been noted for fattening horses. The principal mansions are Anngrove and Foatt: whick see. A little to the south of the village, the old square lofty edifice of Burry's-court, the residence of E. Coppmger, Esq^., forms a remarkable feature in the landscape. Spnnghill, Johnstown, and other seats and viUas, also adorn the parish and its yidnity. On the farm of Garranes are some curious subterranean chambers which have of late years considerably engaged the attention of antiquanes. Mr. Crofton Croker, and Mr. R. O'Callaghan Newenham^ who visited them in 1829, found the principal ones situated within a circular intrenchment of 120 feet in diameter, of the kind which are popularly, but perhaps erroneously, regarded as Danish forts. On its south side was a circular pit, about 7 feet in depth and 5| in diameter ; and from this two orifices, resembling the entrances to fox-earths, and barely large enough to allow a man to creep through them, descended at an angle of about 20^, and led to a series of chambers of a depressed bee-hive-like shape, excavated from a soil of stiff clay mixed with gravel, unstrengthened by any masonry, communicating serially by means of connecting orifices or passageholes, and measuring not less than 7 and not more than 8 feet in diameter. Four chambers were entered ; and more seemed to exist, but could not, at the time, be reached. On the farm of Garranes are 5 circular intrenchments, — near one of which, on the face of a hill, a tunnel seems formerly to have existed, and to have communicated with the aubterranean chambers ; and within a drde of 5 milea
CAR

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

Subterranean rivers and great spring at Cong

Cong · town · Mayo

The isthmus at Cong features a remarkable cavernous formation through which waters from Lough Mask and surrounding turloughs flow underground before erupting in a grand lacustrine whirlpool at the village. The stupendous fountain is limpid and forceful enough that no attempt has succeeded in measuring its depth.

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by former and partly by present action of the volumes of water which rush from Lough Mask on the north, and from turloughs and smaller lakes on the northeast and east, to the head of Lough Corrib. Along one line is a very curious ravine, whose verdureless sides are covered with a tumultuous and tumbled confusion of grey rocks, and whose bottom seems to have once been the path of a great river, which conveyed the Robe, the superfluent waters of Lough Miu>k, and all the drainage of a great extent of country to the head of Lough Corrib. But the running waters long ago sunk beneath the level of this bed, and drilled for themselves tunnelled and apparently ramified pathways through the rocky bowels of the earth ; they are heard, at various spots and through various chasms, gurgling and whirling with hollow and musical sounds far in the depths below; they circle and corruscate for a moment at the bottom of several deep cavities, and then glide off beneath the earth ; and they eventually bolt bubblingly and tumultuously up in a ^rand lacustrine whirlpool at the town, so constantly m ebullition as to look like a powerful spring many hundred times magnified, and so mighty ill the mechanical force of their ascent as to have defeated all attempts at ascertaining the depth of the orifice through which they rise. This stupendous fountain is limpid as ether, and almost as noiseless as it is irresistible ; and, while its pure, and mighty, and unceasing ascent of a thousand mimic waves and eddies works in beauteous convolutions before our memory, we feel glorious impressiveness in those divine words, which even the tiniest perennial spring illustrates: *'My words shall be in him a well of living water springing up into everlasting life." But the whole of the wonderful cavernous lornoation of the isthmus, with its grottoes, stalactites, spars, and subterranean waters, is replete with matter for salutary reflection ; and all its scenery, both above ground and below, presents such combinations of uniqueness and character as strongly arrest the attention of even children of any taste. " Cong," says Mr. Otway, "is certainly a rare phice, — it might

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

Subterranean stream at Brownhall demesne

Brownhall · townland · Donegal

A demesne in the barony of Tyrhugh, 1 mile east of Ballintra, co. Donegal. An interesting subterranean stream traverses the demesne and connects with wildly romantic scenery locally called the Pullen's.

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BROWNHALL, a demesne in the barony of Tyrhugh, and 1 mile east of Ballintra, co. Donegal, Ulster. An interesting subterranean stream traverses the demesne, and connects with the wildly romantic scenery, locally called the Pullen's.
BROWN-MOUNTAIN, an extra-parochial distrlct, united to the impropriate parish of Tullahought, in the dio. of Ossory and co. Kilkenny, Leinster. See TuLLAHOUOHT. The district is crown land, and has never paid tithes or church rates. In 1834, its inhabitants were 1 1 Protestants and 12 Roman Catholics.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Sunday's Well villa development

near Sunday's Well · population centre · Cork · 1819–1837

An official report of St. Mary's parish in 1819 noted that ground set at Sunday's Well for villas brought rents as high as 20 to 30 guineas per acre per annum. By 1837, parts of the land were occupied by gardens attached to villas.

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chapel. The line of the old wall of the castle waa the l)0uridary between St. Mary Shandon and St. Anne Shamlon, and is now indicatt'd by the east end of the friary chapel. A monastery called Shandon Abbey stood in the parish, where the north wall it now situated; but, in 1819, the oidy vestiges of it were an ancient well and part of an old chapel, then used as a store. The parishes of St. Anne Shandon and St. Paul were originally parts of St. Mary Shandon, and were, with consent of the patrons, and by act of the Lord-lieutenant and Privy -council, separated from it and erected into distinct parishes, respectively in 1728 and 1787. An official report of St. Mary's, in 1819. says, " The ground set within the parish, especially at Sunday's Well, for villas, brings as high a rent as from 20 to SO guineas an acre per annum. The ground for tillage varies very much in value, some being taken at £10 or £10 lOs. per acre." An official report, in 1837, says that parta of the land '* are occupied by gardens attached to villas, and other parts are used' for grazing and for townfields. "_St, Mary Shandon is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, £25. Gross income, £229 19^. 2d. ; nett, £174 3s. Id. Patron, alternately the Duke of I^inster and the Earl of Barrymore. The denomination of St. Catherine is sought to be identified with the quondam parish of that name, and is the estate of the Earl of Cork, who clainis entire exemp. tion from tithes, or any payment as impropriator, to the rector. The incumbent is also chaplain of the county of the city gaol, which is situated in the parish. A curate has a stipend of £75. The parish-church waa built in 1093, by means of parochial assessment Sittings 1,000; attendance 800. A Roman Catholic chapel, attached to the city gaol, has an attendance of 30, besides the prisoners. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,666 Churchmen, 84 Presbyterians, 63 other ProtCkUnt dissenters, and 13,683 Roman Catholics; and 15 dailjr schools had on their books 451 bo^s and 363 girls. One of the schools was salaried with £20 from the Natioiud Board, and £20 from a charity lermon, one with an aimual public collection, and one with £60 from subscription ; and each of the latter two waa aided also with a portion of the dividends arising from £2,000 3| per cent, reduced annuities. In 1840, the National Board had two schools in the parish.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Surveillante abandoned and scuttled in Bantry Bay

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1796–1797

During the failed 1796 French invasion, the frigate Surveillante was abandoned by her crew in Bantry Bay and subsequently captured and scuttled by the British. Several other French ships were wrecked or captured along the Irish coast.

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The French invasion of 1796, alluded to in the first of our two extracts, was a national event of great moment, and is incorrectly detailed in most, not only of the journals of the period, but of subsequent historical compilations. The fleet *'for the invasion of Ireland," sailed on the 16th of December in two ilivisions from the port of Brest ; and consisted of 17 ships of the line, 13 frigates, 5 corvettes, 2 gun-boats, and 6 transports, aggregately carrying 13,975 men, 45,000 stand of arms, and an ample supply of money. One of the ships, a 74, struck on a rock when leaving the harbour ; another was, a few days afterwards, driven on shore ; and of 2,350 men whom the two carried, 1,530 perished. All the other ships of the fleet were more or less injured by disastrous occurrences in the passaq:e; and several of them, including the frigate Fratemite, which carried General Hoche and Admiral de Galles, the naval and military commanders of the expedition, parted company from the main body, soon after leaving the harbour of Brest, and never were able to rejoin it. On the 22<l, sixteen of the forty-three ships of the original fleet arrived in companv off the coast of Ireland, and anchored off Bere Island in Baiitry bay. The weather had, for several days, been stormier than it usually is even about the period of the winter solstice ; and when the wind lulled, a mass of fog rested so densely on the waters, that the numerous other ships of the fleet were vainly seeking one another along the ocean. Even the 16 ships in Bantry bay were dispensed, by a heavy gale, on the morning after their arrival ; so that when a comparative culm followed, only 7 sail-of-the-line and 1 frigate remained, carrying 4,168 men, and wanting both due command and a requisite amount of courage. This remnant of the originally great fleet, resolving to put out to sea, and to cruise oflfthe Shanjion in hope of being joined by the dissevered members of the armament, weighed anchor, and left the bay on the 27th ; but a part returned on the Ist of January, remained two or three days inactive, and then crept away to a crest-fallen return to France. Ship after ship of a large portion of the armament dropped dispiritedly into the French harbours ; the Fraternite itself, after making several narrow escapes from the English fleet, crept into Rochelle, on the 15th; but, m addition to the two which were wrecked on leaving Brest, the Impatiente was wrecked, with the almost total loss of her crew, on Mizen Head,— the Surveillante was abandoned by her crew in Bantry bay, and captured and scuttled by the British,— the Resolve was dismasted, and atterwards towed into Brest, — the Tartare was fought, captured, and taken into Cork Harbour by the Polyphemus — the Scsvola gun-boat foundered off the Irish coast, — the Ville d'Orient transport, with 400 hussars on board, was captured and carried into Kirisale, by the Unicorn, — and the Justine tran-^port probably foundered at sea. Bantry and Ireland at large were thus freed from the invaders chvetly by the direct interposition of Divine Providence. Not a Frenchman landed except an ofllicer and seven men, who went on shore to reconnoitre, and were made prisoners. The storm which dispersed and paralyied the fleet is not only remembered in the vicinity of Bantry bay, but used as an epoch for a-soisting memory.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Suspension of the Lordship colliery after murder

Castlecomer · town · Kilkenny

Work at the Lordship colliery in Castlecomer was suspended following a horrible murder committed in open day upon one of the overseers. The proprietor decided to halt all works until the perpetrators were brought to justice.

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CASTLE-COMER, a parish on the north-east border of the barony of Fassadining, and of co. Kilkenny, Leinster. It contains the town of Castlb- CoMER and the village of Clouoh: see these articles. Length, south-eastward, 7if miles ; extreme breadth, 5k; area, 21,592 acres. Pop, in 1831, 14,446; in 1841,13,5-35. Houses 2.203. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 11,245. Houses 1,847. The surface is, to a large extent, boggy and mountainous, and contains little if any prime arable land ; it forms part of the eastern edge of the basin of the Norc, and is screened along the boundary with Queen's county and the county of Carlow by the Slieve Margy mountains ; and it is drained south-south-westward by the rivulets Dean, Clohogue, Bruckhagh, and Dinane, and traversed in the same direction by the road from Dublin to Kilkenny. The mean basis above sealevel seems to be about 400 feet ; and the principal hills in the north have altitudes of 704 and 850 feet, —in the east, of 525, 830, 899, and 963 feet ; and in the south and west, of respectively 662 and 981 feet. The substrata are a rich portion of the Kilkenny coal-field; and are worked in an extensive colliery about 2^ miles from the town. A notice of the Castlc-Comer mineral-field, publiAhed in 1834, says, ** The district where the coals are raised, was formerly called the territory of Idough, and belonged to the sept of the Brennans, which was forfeited, and purchased during the administration of Lord Strafford in Ireland, by Sir Christopher Wondesforde. It is a curious circumstance that the last representative of the Brennans died some years since, and by his will constituted the Countess Dowager of Ormonde, mother to the present proprietor, his sole heir. That persons were brought over here from England to work the coals at an early period is very evident from the names prevalent in the district. The coal is admirably adapted for all purposes where a strong or permanent beat is required, such as distilleries, burning lime, or kitchen fires, but the unpleasant vapour which proceeds from it in close rooms hinders it from being approved for general use. In the Lordship colliery, there are at present very few pits open, in consequence of a horrible murder committed in open day upon one of the overseers, and the proprietor determined to suspend all works, until the perpetrators were brought to justice."-— This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice^ in the dio. of Ossory. Tithe composition, £969 4s. 7id. ; glebe, £18. Gross income, £987 4s. J^d. ; nett, £825 6s. 7i<i. Patron, the Crown. Two curates have each a stipend of £125. The incumbent is Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. The parish-church was built, in 1757, at an unascertained cost, and enlarged in 1818 by means of a loan of £553 16s. 1 Id. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 400 ; attendance 300. A chapel-of-ease at the colliery was built, in 1828, at the co--.t of £1,775, of which £900 was gifted by the Board of First Fruits, and £875 raised by subscription. Sittings 300 ; attendance 300. Four Roman Catholic chapels have an attendance of respectively 1,500, 8, IJOO, and 800; and, in the Roman Catliolic parochial arrangement, arc cla;i>ed into two pairs with two officiates to each. A Wes-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

Temple MacDermot: ornate Gothic doorway at Clonmacnoise

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

Temple MacDermot, the most architecturally notable ruined church at Clonmacnoise, was originally built by the MacDermots of Roscommon and repaired in 1647 by MacCoghlan. Its northern doorway, of hard blue limestone with elaborate Gothic tracery, is ranked among the finest specimens of later Gothic architecture in Ireland.

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The only noticeable one of the ruined churches, for either extent or architectural beauty, is that called Temple MacDermot ; and is said to nave been originally built by the MacDermots, princes of the northern parts of Roscommon, and to have been repaired, in 1647, by MacCoghlan, the toparch of the country, immediately adjacent to Clonmacnoise. Its western entrance possesses great beauty and elegance ; and its northern doorway exhibits, in the pointed style of architecture, such exquisite workmanship, with such elaborate and well-carved ornamental accompaniments, as entitle it to the rank of one of the most chastely ornate and thoroughly symmetrical specimens of the later Gothic architecture in Ireland. Though thought by some to have been constructed by MacCoghlan, it indicates the presence of far RKMre skill and taste than can be distinctly traced at so late a date as the 17th century ; and, being constructed of a hard blue limestone, of the consistency of marble, its elaborate and lavish tracery, in the full licence and vagary of Gothic fancy, re-
• Strenuous ami laudable HTitrtu hare htm made by the Roman CathoUr Iti^hop* and clprjcj to iiut an end to ^urh RCeneii as have kmftiriven tlonmacnoiiie. Luugh Deiy, (^la^fa. jwtrivk. Stmel. and iH>nie other iilaces a painflil mitoriety ; and CTpn iirevi<»uM to the ninjrularljr nucceMful career of Father MathewR in the raui*o (»f temperance, thene efflirt* were very lanreW etTe<'tire ; »•> that <^lonmacnni«ie, as riMted by Mr. Otwav In lK;i:i. and iik fljcuriiiff in our (lem^riptiim upon hi* aut))orit>. i» ahnoxt ctrrtsiin to have been uiDtpt-akabl^v i*oar«cr iu its moral displaj-s Umu ClonmacnoUc a& it eust* in 1914.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 214

Temporary observatory for transit of Venus at Cavan

Cavan · townland · Donegal · 1769

In 1769, Mr. Mason, by appointment of the Royal Society, erected a temporary observatory in the townland of Cavan to observe the transit of Venus. Cavan is in the barony of Raphoe, County Donegal.

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CAVAN, a townland in the barony of Raphoe, 3^ miles north- w^est by north of Liflford, co. Donegal, Ulster. Mr. Mason, in 1769, by appointment of the Royal Society, erected a temporary observatory here to observe the transit of Venus.
CAVE-HILL. See Belfast.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Territory of Idough and the Brennan sept

Castlecomer · town · Kilkenny

The coal-raising district around Castlecomer was formerly the territory of Idough, belonging to the sept of the Brennans. The land was forfeited and purchased by Sir Christopher Wandesforde during Lord Strafford's administration, and the last Brennan heir left it to the Countess Dowager of Ormonde.

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CASTLE-COMER, a parish on the north-east border of the barony of Fassadining, and of co. Kilkenny, Leinster. It contains the town of Castlb- CoMER and the village of Clouoh: see these articles. Length, south-eastward, 7if miles ; extreme breadth, 5k; area, 21,592 acres. Pop, in 1831, 14,446; in 1841,13,5-35. Houses 2.203. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 11,245. Houses 1,847. The surface is, to a large extent, boggy and mountainous, and contains little if any prime arable land ; it forms part of the eastern edge of the basin of the Norc, and is screened along the boundary with Queen's county and the county of Carlow by the Slieve Margy mountains ; and it is drained south-south-westward by the rivulets Dean, Clohogue, Bruckhagh, and Dinane, and traversed in the same direction by the road from Dublin to Kilkenny. The mean basis above sealevel seems to be about 400 feet ; and the principal hills in the north have altitudes of 704 and 850 feet, —in the east, of 525, 830, 899, and 963 feet ; and in the south and west, of respectively 662 and 981 feet. The substrata are a rich portion of the Kilkenny coal-field; and are worked in an extensive colliery about 2^ miles from the town. A notice of the Castlc-Comer mineral-field, publiAhed in 1834, says, ** The district where the coals are raised, was formerly called the territory of Idough, and belonged to the sept of the Brennans, which was forfeited, and purchased during the administration of Lord Strafford in Ireland, by Sir Christopher Wondesforde. It is a curious circumstance that the last representative of the Brennans died some years since, and by his will constituted the Countess Dowager of Ormonde, mother to the present proprietor, his sole heir. That persons were brought over here from England to work the coals at an early period is very evident from the names prevalent in the district. The coal is admirably adapted for all purposes where a strong or permanent beat is required, such as distilleries, burning lime, or kitchen fires, but the unpleasant vapour which proceeds from it in close rooms hinders it from being approved for general use. In the Lordship colliery, there are at present very few pits open, in consequence of a horrible murder committed in open day upon one of the overseers, and the proprietor determined to suspend all works, until the perpetrators were brought to justice."-— This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice^ in the dio. of Ossory. Tithe composition, £969 4s. 7id. ; glebe, £18. Gross income, £987 4s. J^d. ; nett, £825 6s. 7i<i. Patron, the Crown. Two curates have each a stipend of £125. The incumbent is Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. The parish-church was built, in 1757, at an unascertained cost, and enlarged in 1818 by means of a loan of £553 16s. 1 Id. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 400 ; attendance 300. A chapel-of-ease at the colliery was built, in 1828, at the co--.t of £1,775, of which £900 was gifted by the Board of First Fruits, and £875 raised by subscription. Sittings 300 ; attendance 300. Four Roman Catholic chapels have an attendance of respectively 1,500, 8, IJOO, and 800; and, in the Roman Catliolic parochial arrangement, arc cla;i>ed into two pairs with two officiates to each. A Wes-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

The Bray rivulet and its scenic attractions

Bray · town · Wicklow

The Bray rivulet issues from a lake and runs about 8 miles eastward to the sea below the bridge of Bray. Though brief, it abounds in attractions linked to the curiosities of Glencree, the ravine of Dark, the demesne of Powerscourt, and the town of Bray.

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BRAY (The), a rivulet in the extreme north of CO. Wicklow, Leinster. It issues from the lake noticed in the preceding article ; and runs about 8 miles eastward — but so as to describe the segment of a circle with the convexity southward — to the sea, one-fourth of a mile below the bridge of Bray. It has most of its course in the Wicklow half-barony of Rathdown ; but over a short distance above its embouchure, it runs on the boundary between co. Wicklow and co. Dublin. Though brief in length, it abounds in attractions, and identifies itself with the curiosities of Glencree, the wonders of the deep, dark, bosky ravine of Da.rqlc, the exulting beauties of the demesne of Powerscourt, and the several amenities of the town of Bray : see these article<«. The rivulet is not navigable; yet occasionally, when the bar mouth is open, vessels can be carried on a spring-tide to near the bridge of Bray. The fishery, both of the stream and of the small bay into which it opens, is the private property of the Earl of Meath ; but, except for salmon, it is not pror bibited to the public.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

The Burren barony's unique limestone landscape

Burren · townland · Clare

The barony of Burren in County Clare presents a landscape unlike any other in Ireland, with the entire surface appearing as one unbroken mass of limestone rock rising in terraced amphitheatrical flights from the shore. The upland grounds, though extremely rocky, produce short sweet herbage that nourishes vast numbers of sheep for the great fair of Ballinasloe.

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> BURREN, a maritime -barony of co. Clare, Munster. It is bounded, on the north, by Gal way bay; on the east, by co. Gkilway and the baronv of Inchiquin ; on the south, by the baronies of uichiquin and Corcomroe; and on the west, by the South Sound, which separates it from the Arran Islands. Its greatest length, from east to west, is 15 miles ; its greatest breadth, from north to south, is 9 miles ; and its area is 74,361 acres. *' The general features of the greater part of the barony of Burrin, are altogether different from those of any other part of the country. In the central portion of this district, the entire surface seems one unbroken mass of limestone rock ; and the bare hills, iising from the shore to a great elevation, in regularly receding terraced flights, present a vast amphitheatrical outline. The disjointed blocks, composing the surface of this immense concavity, though not deposited with all the precision of the trap rocks, are laid generally in horizontal Unes, giving to the whole, at a distance, a regular and formal character. The more elevated parts are destitute of herbage, and present to the eye an arid, cold, and joyless waste, unchanged by either summer's sun or winter's cold, and but little varied by either light or shade." [Fraser's Guide.] Yet the upland grounds, though extremelv rocky, produce a short sweet herbage ; and annually nourish vast numbers of sheep for the great fair of Ballinasloe. The west coast presents a gently curved

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

The Commons of Coleraine claimed by Irish Society

near Coleraine · town · Derry

A space which only 30 years ago was open and called the Commons is now partly the site of a barrack and partly the site of private buildings. It is wholly claimed by the Irish Society as belonging to them in virtue of their peculiar charter of incorporation.

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possessed patronial or panimonnt control over Ae corporation ; the family of Beresford afterwardi shared this control with the family of Jackwn; the Beresfords, previous to the Legislative Cnion, purchased the Jacksons' share of it for, u is repnorted, £7,000 ; and the Marquis of Waterford continued down to the date of the Munidpal Corpontion Inquiry to nominate burgesses and aldennea at his will, and to wield the political and other influence of the borough as his personal property. The income of the corporation arises from ooAm, tolls, and customs; and, in 1831, that firom hmdf amounted to £418 18s. 6d.,— that from tolls and customs, to £423 14s. 6id„— the total ezpenditne, to £1,317 ISs. 7id. A large part of the original property of the corporation appears to have been very improvidently disposed of; and a space which, only SO years ago, was open and called the Commons, is now partly the site of a barrack, partly the site of private buildings, and wholly claimed hy the Irish Society as belonging to them in Tirtue of their peculiar charter of incorporation. Twenty-one commissioners have charge of the paving, jec.. of the to^^Ti ; and they levied £177 of rates in 1SI3, and have jurisdiction over an area whose property ii rated at £8,355. The borough, preidous to the Legislative Union, sent two members to the Iriih parliament ; and now it sends one member to the pwliament of the United Kingdcmo. Constituency, in 1841, 368; of whom 224 were £10 bei»eholdei% and 44 were aldermen, burgesses, and freemen.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

The Cusher River flows through Tanderagee to Newry Canal

Tanderagee · townland · Armagh

The Cusher is a rivulet of County Armagh that rises near Portnorris and runs about 11 miles north-north-eastward, past the village of Clare and through the town of Tanderagee, to the Newry Canal.

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CUSHIER (The), a rivulet of co. Armagh, Ul- Fter. It rises near Portnorris, and not far from the centre of the county ; and runs about 1 1 miles northnorth-eastward, past the village of Clare, and through the town of Tanderagee, to the Newry Canal.
CU8UIN A (Thb), a rivulet, principally of King's CO., but partly separating that county from a sinall

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 237

The Diamond and Liberties of Coleraine charter

near Coleraine · town · Derry

The Liberties of Coleraine were incorporated by a governing charter defining a circuit of 3 Irish miles around the centre of the town, marked by a building called the Diamond which was formerly the market-house. The corporation exercised jurisdiction within these circular limits, where the common council met and quarter-sessions sat.

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COLERAINE, or. The LiBEaTiBS or Cou- RAiNE, a dutrict, formerly of peculiar or corpowte jurisdiction, but now practically a barony, u Iho north-east comer of the county of Londondoiy, Ulster. It is bounded, on the north, by the Atlantic ocean ; on the east, by the county of Antrias and, on the south and west, by the half-barooy of Coleraine. Its extent is reported on in the fbUoirav terms by the Commissioners on Munidpsl Corporations : '* The limits of the town and UbertMS df Coleraine, as incorporated by the govemiqg charter, comprise a circuit of 3 Irish miles around the eeatrs of the town. This is considered as marked by a building (situated in a place called the Diamoiid), which was formerly the market-house, in which ths common council meet, and in which the court of quarter-sessions holds its sittings. The limits within which the corporation exercises jurisdiction i exactly conformable with the drcuUr line | by the charter. They extend, in one about 3^ miles; in another direction, they do aot
• See Note to next artiote.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 224

The Earl of Lucan's Seat at The Park, Castlebar

Castlebar · town · Mayo

The Park, the seat of the Earl of Lucan and principal proprietor of Castlebar, adjoined the town's suburbs and contributed its improved grounds and demesne embellishments as features of beauty to the town's landscape.

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fTif^blunds of Erris and Tyrawlry, and those of Joyce-country and Cunnemara. Low hilU rise on all sides, in its immediate neighbourhood, and trend away in irregular ridges and groups to the comparatively near amphitheatre of environing mountain. The Park and the Lawn — the former the seat of the Earl of Lucan, the principal proprietor of the town, and the latter the scat of St. Clair O'Malley, his lordship's agent — adjoin the suburbs, and contribute their improved grounds and demesne embellishments as features of beauty to the town's landscape; Windsor, Hawthorn Lodge, Breafy, and other villas, are sprinkled at intervals in the near vicinity; Kilboyne House, Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart., Rahans, Mrs. Browne, and other mansions of pretending character, adorn the choicer stretches of ground within a circle of several miles ; and the cordon of lofty mountains in the distance, with the monarch-summits of Croaghpatrick in the west, and Nephin in the north, form u grand panoramic perspective, and distinctly coml>ine with the broken low country which they enclose. Yet though the scenery around the town is striking, and the surface of the country presents many patches of rich soil and of bosky woodland, the land, especially toward Nephin, is prevailingly naked, cold, boggy, moorish, and wild.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 204

The grand scenery of Cloghaneely district

near Cloghaneely · locality · Donegal

Cloghaneely in Donegal is described as the richest district in the county for a naturalist and the grandest in scenery. Its chief mountain features include the precipitous Muckish and the conical Arrigal, noted by Caesar Otway for their sublime panorama.

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CLOGHANEELY, a Highland district, embracing chiefly the western part of the barony of Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, Ulster. Though probably the least known district in the county, it is the richest in interest to a naturalist, and the grandest and most powerful in scenery. Ctesar Otway, when dchcribing the gorgeous and sublinne panorama seen from the summit of Lough Salt mountain, notices, in the following terms, the two chief mountain- features of the district : " After looking along the coast, and satisfying your eye with its very varied outlines, you have time to take a view in another direction ; to the south-west, towards the immense precipitous mountain called Muckish, so named from its resemblance to a pig's back, — not a fat pig of the Berkshire or Cheshire breed, but a right old Irish pig, with a high and sharp back, every articulation of the back-bone prominent and bristled. I think it is one of the highest mountains in Ireland. To the south lay an immense mass of roountiiins, stretching towards Donegal ba^, over which, rising above the rest in conical elevation, stood Arrigal, in comparison with which the hill over Pou'erscourt is but a grocer's sugar-loaf."
CLOGHANLEA. See Dcncu).

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

The Hindoo, largest vessel built at Belfast

near Belfast · city · Antrim

The East Indiaman Hindoo, of 448 registered tonnage, was the largest vessel ever built at Belfast. The largest vessel belonging to Belfast or any other Irish port was the Dumfries-shire, of 878 tons register.

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Harbour.'] — Some remarks on the harbour and statements respecting the improvement of the channel thence to the sea, have been made in our article on Belfast Lough. Dunbar's Dock, the farthest down in the harbour, is not a floating but a tidal dock, opening on the river, and was formed by private enterprise, and remains private property. Above this are the ship-yards and Ballast Corporation graving docks ; above these are the quays for steamers and general merchantmen ; and highest, or from the foot of High-street to the bridge, are the quays for colliers. The ship, Dumfries-shire, of 878 tons register, and carrying upwards of 1,400 tons of timber, sailed up to Dunbar*s Dock, even previous to the formation of the new channel, without unloading any portion of her carga Vessels drawing upwards of 14 feet of water can, at almost any time, reach Donegal quay, — the quay appropriated to steamers, — and can lie there at moorage. The dry docks are sufficientlv capacious to accommodate the largest vessels which frequent the harbouf. A patent slip is in one of the ship-yards. The largest vessel belonging either to Belust, or any other Irish port, is the Dumfries-shire, already noticed; and the largest vessel ever built at Belfast is the East Indiaman, the Hindoo, of 448 registered tonnage. The Ballast Corporation meet at noon on the first and third Wednesday of every month at their oflice en j Chichester Quay. The Custom-house is opposite ^ the colliers' station on Hanover Quay.—The navigft-
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Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 174

The Pontoon bridge and Lord Lucan's tourist hotel

Pontoon · electoral division · Mayo

The Pontoon is a narrow channel spanning the connection between Lough Conn proper and Lough Cullen, crossed by the mail-road from Castlebar to Ballina. Lord Lucan erected a small but comfortable hotel at the Pontoon for tourists, situated near a vantage-ground offering an impressive view of the greater part of the lake.

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Cullen receives on the south- west the Ca!ttk>)>nr rivulet and another considerable streamlet ; and the superfluent waters of both flow eastward from the foot of Lou^h Cullrn to an alniot^t immediate confluence with the river Moy. Thouirh a larpe proportion of the shores of the double lake, including;: nearly all the south and cast, is low, bo^pry, moorish, and repulsive; yet the tout enaemble of the lacustrine landscape, and particularly select clo^e views from various vantagegrounds on the east, the north, and the vicinity of the Pontoon, are strikingly picturesque, and richly combine grandeur with beauty. The extensive demesne of Deal-castle sheets the north shore; the pleasant demesne of Prospect frinpfes part of the north-west ; other ornamented grounds tuft and verdantly variegate other part-* of the margin ; various beautifid i<lets gem the water's bosom, particularly near Deal-ciLitle and the Pontoon ; Shrahecnhill and a low rugged rirlge tumulate a portion of the heath-clad eastern shore ; Green Nephin mountain stoops precipitously down to the western edge of Lough Cullen and of Lough Conn proper ; the great Xephin itself, the monarch of the Mayo alp<«, shakes down from the vast summit of its stupendous height, a rolling and broken assemblage of boldly featured de<'livities; and all these demesnes, and hills, and heathy heights, and frowning mountains, send off projections and curiously turned limbs to cut the outline of the lake into an intricate tracery of peninsube and bayt; — so that, in spite of broad features of a faulty kind, a whole series of efT'Ctive and even powerful landscapes is produced. The m:iil-roiid from Castlebar to Ballina is carried over the Pontoon, distant 6 miles from Ballina; and there — amidst much romance, and in the near vicinity of a vantage-ground whence an impressive view is obtained of the greater part of tlie lake — a small but comfortable hotel hfw been cre(?t4?d by Lord Lucan for the accommodation of tourists.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

Sir Richard Kyrle's improvements at Clonmeen estate

Skea and Fairwood Park, seats west of the Erne

Skeleton with Elizabethan coins found at Castle Barry

Skiddy's-castle built near the north gate

Skirmish at Bottlehill, 1691

Slieve League mountain and Atlantic sea-cliffs

Smithfield-square market arena in Belfast

Snowhill, seat of J. Douglass Johnston near Enniskillen

South Lagan head-stream rising near Bailieborough

South shore of Lough Corrib: hard-won arable patches

Spenser's Mulla and Buttevant environs

Spenser's Mulla and the Awbeg at Castletown-Roche

Spike Island's modern fortifications

Squinancy-wort near Corofin

Stafford shifts trade from Carrickfergus to Belfast port

St. Ailbe's abbey and twelfth-century synod at Clane

Stained glass windows from Dangan presented to parish

St. Anne's Church architecture, Belfast

St Anne's Church built on Donegal Street

St. Anne Shandon church and its steeple

St. Coleman's traditional founding of the See of Cloyne

St. Columb's monastery at Bovevagh (Beith-Medhbha)

St. Diermit's priory and Cormac of Cashel tradition

Steam-engine erected at Suirville

St. Finbarr's founding of Cork settlement

St. Finian's famous school at Clonard on the Boyne

St. Finian's foundation at Clonard

St. Fintan's monastery at Clonenagh

St. George's enclosed market-place at Carrick-on-Shannon

St. John's Eve procession in Claddagh and Galway

St. Kieran's church: tiny oratory and holy clay pilgrimage

St. Michael's Church, Blackrock, Cork: lightning destroys spire (1836)

St Nicholas church on Franciscan monastery site

St. Nicholas parochial church built in 1723

St. Patrick's nunnery at Clonbroney destroyed by fire in 778

St. Paul's parish church built in 1726

Straidland and Little Ballymena districts

Straidland and Little Ballymenor boundary dispute

Street cross removed by Lord Longueville at Cloyne

St. Stephen's Hospital school endowed by Baron Worth

St. Synell's abbey on Cleenish islet in Lough Erne

St. Vaugh's ancient chapel ruin near Carnsore Point

Subterranean chambers at Garranes

Subterranean rivers and great spring at Cong

Subterranean stream at Brownhall demesne

Sunday's Well villa development

Surveillante abandoned and scuttled in Bantry Bay

Suspension of the Lordship colliery after murder

Temple MacDermot: ornate Gothic doorway at Clonmacnoise

Temporary observatory for transit of Venus at Cavan

Territory of Idough and the Brennan sept

The Bray rivulet and its scenic attractions

The Burren barony's unique limestone landscape

The Commons of Coleraine claimed by Irish Society

The Cusher River flows through Tanderagee to Newry Canal

The Diamond and Liberties of Coleraine charter

The Earl of Lucan's Seat at The Park, Castlebar

The grand scenery of Cloghaneely district

The Hindoo, largest vessel built at Belfast

The Pontoon bridge and Lord Lucan's tourist hotel