The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. The Rock Close at Blarney described

   Blarney · town · Cork

   The Rock Close is a small dell luxuriantly shaded with evergreens and magnificent trees. At its termination are the Witches' Stairs, rugged stone steps leading down through a passage in the rock to a green sward by a rivulet, with masses appearing to be Druid work.

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   The exquisitely beautiful environs of Blarney, though but partially noticed by Mr. and Mrs. Hall, cannot be better exhibited than in their graphic account of the part which they select for description. ** The scenery in the neighbourhood is agreeable; but the g^unds that immediately surround the castle are of exceeding beauty. Nature has done rouch more for them than art ; although there is evidence that the hand of taste had busied itself in the dutj of improvement. * The sweet Rock-close' is a small dell, in whieh evergreens grow luxuriantly, completely shaded with magnificent trees. At its termination are the ' Witches* Stairs,* a series of rugged stone steps whieh lead down through a passage in the rock to a delicious spot of green sward forming the bank of a clear rivulet, and where some singular masses appear to have been ' the work of Druid hands of old.' We visited 'the sweet Rockclose' — it well deserves the epithet— during a sunny day in June ; and never can we forget the fragrant shade afforded by the luxuriant evergreens which seem rooted in the limestone rock ; the little river Comane is guarded by a natural terrace, fringed bj noble trees ; several of the spaces between are grottos— natural also ; some with seats, where many a love tale has been told, and will be, doubtless, as long as Cork lads and lasses indulge in pie-nic f§tes while the blackbird whistles, and the wood-pigeon coos in the twisted foliage above their heads : it is indeed a spot of exceeding wildness and singular beauty ; at some particular points you catch a glimpse of the castle, the river, and the mysterious entrance to the * Witches' Stairs.* Stall, notwithstanding the variety of these objects, and a cave, moreover, where some beautiful princess of old went through — ^like the lady in Comus — a long enchantment, the character of the Rock-close is one of deep shadow ; occasionally a sunbeam struggles through the gloom, and points out a bed of the richest moss, or a * grey stone' winged with waving fern; and it is a place wherein to meditate upon the mystery that such a scene should ever have been abandoned by its possessor, who now takes little more interest in his beautiful domain than to crowd its rich meadows with as fine cattle as we ever remember to have seen in any country. We wandered from the shades of the Rock-close across the green and richly wooded pastures which lead to the lake, — a fine expanse of water, about a quarter of a mile from the castle. The scenery here is rather English than Irish, but every step is hallowed by a legend : it is implicitly believed that the last Earl of Clancarty who inhabited the castle, committed the keeping of his plate to the deepest waters, and that it will never be recovered until a MacCarthy be again Lord of Blarney. • • Those who visit Blarney-castle would be repiud for their trouble by extending their drive through a sequestered glen, in which the Awmartin descends into the valley ; the road wanders through this beautiful pass almost as wildl v as the river, and at its extremity the Rev. Matthew Horgan, with true antiquarian gusto, is erecting a

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

2. The Rock of Cashel ruins

   near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary

   The Rock of Cashel is a stupendous isolated limestone mass whose plateau is covered by an august group of ruins. These include a round tower, a cathedral, an abbey, and a fortified palace, forming what is considered the most interesting group of ruins in the kingdom.

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   The Rock of CiuAe/.]~This rock is a stupendous mass of limestone, completely isolated, partly precipitous and almost mural, rising grandly up from the bosom of a dead level, and possessing a flat and somewhat extensive summit, — a sort of miniature tableau. A large part of its fine natural platform is covered with an assemblage of august ruins, — a round tower, an elaborately ornate chapel, a cathedral, a fortified palace, an abbey, and some minor structures, forming, from their number, their variety, their artistic displays, their state of conservation, and the nobleness of their site, decidedly the most interesting group of ruins in the kingdom ; and the rest of the tableau, surrounding the ruins, and comprehending an area of about two acres, is an enclosed promenade of the richest sward, placed under the care of the cicerone of the buildings, yet freely available to the public A recent traveller, well acquainted with Irish history and anti(^uities, asserts that in no other part of the kingdom is there '* such a ma^ificent display of every variety of ecclesiastical architecture, round and square towers, stone-roofii, crypts and

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   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 198

3. The Sheds of Clontarf, former fishing quarters

   Clontarf · parish · Dublin

   Along the water's edge at Clontarf are numerous small erections called the Sheds of Clontarf, formerly used by fishermen for drying their fish. Neat dwellings have since been erected among them as lodging-houses for sea-bathers.

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   CLONTARF, a village or small town in the above parish, stands on the north shore of Dublin bay, 2^ miles east-north-east of Dublin. The principal part of it is a street which extends inland from the shore to the gate of Clontarf-castle, and forms a noble vista in front of that edifice. But the most pleasing parts consist of single buildings, and rows, chains, and clusters of houses, scattered with unstudied diversity of site, through shaded and rural lanes. Several of the buildings are large ami handsome villas, emulating the magnitude and splendour of manorial mansions ; and others are cottages of a soft and embellished character, well suited to the use of persons who desire such sea-bathing quarters or summer retreats as eminently combine tranquil rural retirement with near vicinity to the metropolis. Along the edge of the water are numerous small erections called the Sheds of Clontarf, which were formerly occupied by fishermen for drying their fish ; and interspersed with them are neat dwellings, which have been erected as lodging-houses for sea-bathers. The green and devious lanes of the town form a series of pleasant walks, and command, from various points, exquisite views of the scenery of the bay ; the avenue called the Green Lane, in particular, is a favourite resort of visitors ; and the whole of the encincturing country is luscious with cultivation, and warm with sheltering wood. — The inhabitants live partly by fishing, mining, and agricultural labour, but chiefly by letting lodgings and bathing machines to summer visitors, and by " carrying passengers backward and forward during the bathing months on cars, jingles, and shandredans." A lead mine, which extends under the sea, has been advantageously worked.

   At a short distance from the town, on the road to* Dublin , is the nol)le villa of Marino, with its admired Cassino. See Marimo In the vicinity of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

4. The true location and inscription of the Blarney Stone

   Blarney · town · Cork · 1446

   The exact identity and location of the Blarney Stone in the castle are debated among guides. According to the parish priest, the true stone is located about 20 feet from the top of the castle and bears an inscription by Cormac McCarthy dated 1446.

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   Blarney is celebrated for its absurdly wondrous *' stone," its prominent figure in light literature, its ancient castle, and the great beauty of its environs. The stone has long been famed for imparting, by a kiss, the faculty of talking '* blarney;" or, to adopt the words of Mr. Windele, " The touch of the Blarney stone makes a liar of the first magnitude, but a smooth and graceful liar. Its eminent perfection is a sweet and persuasive tongue, in whispering the softest words into the ears of women ; full of guile and blandishment and potential flattery, and uncontrollable in its sway over the credulity. Miss Plumtre translates * blarney * into the word * rhodoroontade,' a faculty of speech marvellously perceptible in the vicinage around, whose inhabitants, it is said, have been mistaken for a colony from Gascony. They are of a truth a swaggering, vain-glorious, wheedling population." When or how the stone acquired its singular reputation is not correctly ascertained ; yet the adoption of the word ** blarney," as a slang term, is supposed to have originated in Lord Clancarty's often promising, when the prisoner of Sir George Carew, to surrender his strong castle of Blarney to the soldiers of the Queen, and as often inventing some smooth and palatable excuse for exonerating himself from his promise. Even the position and the identity of the stone are matter of doubt : all parties agreeing that it is somewhere in the castle, but even the local guides or ciceroni disagreeing among themselves, or humouring the prosaic or poetic character of visitors, as to its being at the summit, at a considerable elevation, at the ba.se, or detachedly on the ground. A stone, a few feet below the battlements, so placed that only the most daring could venture to approach it, was long pointed out as the true stone ; and this was, several years ago, placed by Mr. Jeffereys on the highest point of the building, where it could be seen and touched with little risk, but was eventuallv flung to the ground by a lunatic, and broken, as the guide is reported to state, into ** three halves." Mr. and Mrs. Hall, from whom we gather these particulars, say, in a note, *' The Rev. Matthew Morgan, the parish priest of Blarney, informs us that * the curious traveller will seek ni vain for the real stone, unless he allows himself to be lowered from the northern angle of the lofty castle, when he will discover it about 20 feet from the top, with this inscription : Cormac McCarthy FoRTis Me Fieri Fecit, a.d., 1446.'" We hope our readers will now join us in the inference, that the current stories which abound respecting the Blarney stone, are themselves no bad examples of ** blarney."

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

5. Thurot resided in Carlingford and learned English

   Carlingford · town · Louth · 1750

   In 1750, the French privateer Thurot resided in the town of Carlingford, where he acquired his knowledge of the English language. This association links the town to a notable figure of maritime warfare.

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   probably a borough by prescription; and it htJi charters from Edward IL. Henry IV., Henrr VIL, Elizabeth, James I., and James il. Its limits extended about 2 miles up, and If mile down, the bay, and from the summit-lme of the mountaini bebtnd, down to the edge of the water. The corporation, according to charter, was styled, " The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town and Borough of Carlingford ;" and consisted of a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. The burgesses, in order that they might concentrate in themselves the parliamentary franchise, very sparingly admitted freemen ; they, in their turn, became the mere tools of Col. Ross and Mr. Moore s Col. Ross sold his "interest" to the Marquis of Downshire; and, when the franchise vras extinguished by the Legislative Union, the Blarquis of Downshire and the guardians of Mr. R. B. Moore, ^en a minor, divided between them the £15,000 <^ compensation. The Marquis of Anglesey is lord of the manor. Extensive landed property belonging to the borough — the commons of which ak>ne amounted, according to the Down Survey, to 1 ,231 acres— appears to have been for the roost part lost by nsurpation, or by the corporation's neglect; yet a portion of the commons remains ; and, m 1838, the enclosing of this was "desired, even by some of those who had encroached upon it, as they would prefer paying a moderate rent and having theur title aexnowledged, to living in constant apprehension of bein^ ejeeted." — In 1467* a mint was established in Carhngford by act of parliament ; in 1596, Henry Oge, the son-inlaw of O'Niell of Tyrone, endeavoured to 8ur|>rise its castle ; in 1642, the town suffered mudi injury from fire, by the adherents of Bir Phelim (^JNielt and was taken possession of by Sir Henry Fishbum; in 1649 and 1650, the castle surrendered to Lord Inchiquin, and was delivered to Sir Charles Cooto and Col. Venables ; in 1669, the town was fired by some of the Duke ef Berwick's party, and became the asylum of some of Schomberg s sick soldiers ; in 1750> Thurot resided in the town, and while herc^ acquired his knowledge of the English language. Area of the town, 53 acres. Pop., in 1631, 1,319$ in 1641, 1,110. Houses 230. Families emf^yed chiefly in agriculture, 44; in manufactures and trade, 144; in other pursuits, 52. Families dependent chiefljT on property and professions, 13; on the directing of labour, 84; on their own manual labour, 121 ; on means not specified, 22.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

6. Topography and settlements of the County of Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1831

   The County of the City of Cork is bisected by the River Lee and is characterized by constantly varied hills, woods, and villa grounds. The city itself occupies less than 4 square miles near the centre, with several villages interspersed throughout the rural land.

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   The (.'oMHijf of the Ci/y.] — This was bounded, on the north, by the baronies of Fermoy and Barrymore ; on the east bv the haronv of Barrymore, and by Cork Harbour, which divided it from toe baronies of Barrymore and Intokilly; on the south, by the baronies of Kerrycurrihy and Kiimalea ; and, on the west, by the baronies of Eiist Mu^kcrry and Barretts. Its greatest length, from north to south, waa 12^ statute miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, was 9^ statute miles ; and its area was 48,006 acres, — of which 1,929 acres were tideway. The river Lee bisects it ea!»tward, nearly through the middle; and the rivulets tilanmire ami Awbeg trace parts of respectively the eastern and the western boundary southward to the I^e. The city of Cork is situated very nearly in the centre, and occupies an area of rather less than 4 square miles; and, excepting the villages of Ballintemple, Blackrock, Douglas, Ford, Glanmire, and Spriiighill— which, after all, are so embowered in woods and vilUu grounds, or so intersected with corn-fields, as to be scarcely deductions — the remainder of the land area is all rural. The surface, in a general view, is constantly and delightfully varied with bills and rising grounds and swells; it consists to some extent of congeries or clusters of very gentle and quite verdant uplands; it possesses a Urge agpegate of wood, demesne, and villa -ground, it acquires singular wealth of scenery from the transit of the Lee, and the intricately cut marine waters of Cork Harbour; and, as seen along the belts which are traversed by the roads from Cork toward respectiveljr Passage, Macroom, Dublin, and Waterford, it discloses an expressiveness of contour, and a suroptoousness of dress, which might easily stimulate a

   writer into hyperbolical description The county

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

7. Tower of Cullen in Buttevant monastery grounds

   Buttevant · town · Cork

   A square tower called the Tower of Cullen stands northwest of the Buttevant monastery within its burying-ground, traditionally said to have been the erection and retreat of an Earl of Desmond, and probably used as a place of security for the monks' goods and persons in times of violence.

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   BUTTEVANT, a post and market town in the above parish, stands on the river Awbeg, and on the mail-road from Limerick to Cork, 3^ miles west of Doneraile, 6 north of Mallow, 7J south by east of Charleville, and I21| south-west by south of Dublin. Though now a decayed and poor place, it was formerly a town of importance and opulence, surrounded by walls, governed by a corporation, and rendered a scene of stir and concourse by the presence of opulent monastic communities. The wrecks of monasteries and churches, which must once have imparted to its streets an unusual show of ecclesiastical splendour, are now moumfullv intermixed with masses of humble tenements. The monastery for Conventual Franciscans, founded by the family of Barry, some time prior to the year 1290, still exhibits somewhat extensive remains. A handsome quadrangular tower, which rose from its centre, and formed its principal feature, fell about 22 years ago, and lies prostrate in heaps of rubbish ; but the walls of the choir and nave, as well as various subordinate pieces of masonry, still stand, and display man^ traces of skill and taste in the pointed style of architecture. A chapel of the Virgin, on the south side of the nave, contains numerous monuments and inscriptions of the Barrys, the Fitzgeralds, the Butlers, and other families. A crypt — a very unusual feature in the old ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland — occurs beneath the chanccL Some frescoes on the walls of the monastery are praised by Archdall, but appear, from the faint traces of them which remain, to have had no merit. A large heap of skulls and hones at the entrance of the monastery are said to be tho^e of persons who fell at the battle of Knockuinoss in 1647, fought by the parliamentarian army under Lord Inchiquin, and the Irish forces under Lord Taafe. See Knockninoss A little northwest of the monastery, and within its buryingground, is a square tower, called the tower of Cullen, which is traditionally said to have been the erection and retreat of an Earl of Desmond, and which probably was u<«cd as a place of security for the goods and persons of the monks in times or violence— Near the abbey, in another direction, are iiome unimportant vestiges of a building, supposed to have been a nunnery, but not authentically known to any dociunent — Two churches, dedicated res^pectively to St. Bridget and the Virgin Mary, and situated within one cemetery, have disappeared. The pre'ient church is ornamented with a steeple ; and has, in its interior, a long monumental inscription to the family of Watkins of Ballymee and Waterpark.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 182

8. Townlands transferred from Fermoy to Condons and Clangibbon

   Clondulane · parish · Cork

   The parish of Clondulane in Cork contains the village of Ballinafauna and lies along the river flowing eastward. Three townlands—Gearagh, Licklas, and Mount-Rivers—were transferred from the barony of Fermoy to the barony of Condons and Clangibbon by the Act of 6 William IV.

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   CLONDULANE, or Cloxdelane, a pai the barony of Condons and Clangibbon, 2\ east by south of Fennoy, co. Cork, Munst4 contains the village of Ballinafauna,: whic Length and breadth, each 3 miles; area, 4,926 Pop., in 1831, 1.585; in 1841, 1,823. Hou« Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 1,505. 1 225. The townlands of Gearagh, Licklas Mount-Rivers, formerly lielonged to the bai Fermoy, but were transferred by the Act 6 William IV., to the barouy of Condons and gibbon. Pop. of these townlands, in 1831, I 1841, 130. The land is all arable ; and the | part is of the best description. The Hirer water flows eastward along the north ; and tli from Fermoy to Cappoquin passes eastward ti the interior. Two objects of interest are notice! the words Carrickabrick and Cartbtilu:: see. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate fice, in the dio. of Cloyne. Vicarial tithe co tion. £370; glebe, £39. Gross income, £409 £319 13s. Patron, the diocesan. A curate stipend of £75. The rectorial tithca are com] ed for the same sum as the vicarial, and are priate in the Norcott familv. The church wu in 1812, by means of a gilt of £738 9s. 2]d the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings IC tendance 40. In 1834, the Protestants amoui 86, and the Roman Catholics to 1,450; and^ii a National school was salaried with £14 frc Board, and had on its books 70 boys and 42 g

   CLONE, a parish in the barony of Galnu Kilkenny, Lein!>ter. Pop., iu 1831, 736. Thm^ figuring m the population books of 1831 Maw

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

9. Town wall of Carrick-on-Suir

   Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary

   A wall formerly surrounded the town of Carrick-on-Suir, and not long before 1846 its course could still be distinctly traced.

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   CARRICK-ON-SUIR, a market and post town, on the southern margin of the above parish, stands on the left bank of the river Suir, and on the road from Waterford to Clonmel, 10^ miles east by south of Clonmel, 19 south by we^^t of Kilkenny, and 75^ south-south-west of Dublin. One long street runs from west to east, somewhat parallel to the river; three other streets intersect this, and lead down to the river; some lanes are appended and interlaced; and a spacious fair green, with some good houses around it, lies on the northern outskirt. The parish-church, in spite of great age, is in good order ; and it has a monument of John, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1693, and a large and rather coarsely executed modern marble monument of James Power, Earl of Tyrone, who died in 1704. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome and very spacious edifice. The Presentation nunnery stands in Chapel-lane, and has attached to it a large schoolhouse. Large and stately remains exist, within an extensive and beautiful park, of a castle which belonged to the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde. This castle was built by Thomas Dubh, or Bkck Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, upon the site of a priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ; and here the great Duke of Ormonde resided, and heard the first intelligence of the rebellion of 1641. Mason's Statistical Account, of 1816, describes the castle as containing a room 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 13 high; and as having some well-preserved old tapestry depicted with the deeds of Samson, and a sculpturing, daubed with ochre, of the arms of Thomas, Earl of Ormonde and Ossory; but Mr. Wogan, who was then proprietor, took down much of the old building, allowed only two square towers and the habitable part to stand, and erected additions and made renovations in excellent keeping with the ancient structure, and good adaptation to the purposes of a comfortable modern residence. A branch of the family of Butler takes from this place the title of Earl of Carrick. The bridge across the Suir was built in 1309, and, though a plain structure, is in better order, and has a better appearance, than most bridges of its age. The prison is a new structure, but was badly finished; and, in 1841, it underwent repair and improvement. The market-house is a tolerably good structure. The barrack contains very indifferent accommodation for a troop of cavalry and two regiments of infantry. A wall formerly surrounded the towTi, and not long ago could be dis

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

10. Trabolgan seat of the Roche family at Cork Harbour

    Trabolgan · townland · Cork

    On the shore of the outer harbour of Cork, near where the channel contracts toward the inner harbour, stands Trabolgan, the handsome seat of Edward Roche, a descendant of the Fermoy family. A short distance north stands Rochemount, the seat of another Roche gentleman, while the small fishing village of Whitegate and several cottages lie nearby along the shore.

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    CORKBEG, a parish in the barony of Imokilly, 5k miles south-west of Cloyne, co. Cork, Mun« ster. It contains the village of Gtleem: which see. Lei\gth, 4 miles ; breadth, 2; area, 2,661 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,221; in 1841, 1.603. Houses 266. Pop. of the ruriU districU, in 1841, 1.266. Houses 207. The surface exteuds along the east side of Cork Harbour, from its entrance inward; and consists, for the most part, of good arable and pasture land, — a considerable proportion of which is m a state of high cultivation. The limestone of the parish was long ago esteemed the best in the county. On the shore of the outer harbour of Cork, nearly at Uie point where the channel begins to contract toward the entrance to the inner harbour, stands Trabolgan, the handsome seat of Edward Roche, Esq., the descendant of a branch of the Fermoy family. A little farther north stands Rochemount, the seat of another gentleman of the name of Roche. Close to the shore, considerably north of Rocheipount, and about 5 miles from Cloyne, are the small, clean fishing village of Whitegate, and several detached and respectably inhabited cottages. On the point of the small peninsula at the entrance of the inner harbour of Cork, stands Carlisle fort, a regularly military work, opposite Camden fort on the west side of the entrance. The headUnds at these ports are little more than half an English mile asunder ; vessels no sooner pass them inward, than they become completely landlocked in a large, deep, and smooth basin ; and the shores rise steeply from the water*! edge, and command from their summit the view of e great and interesting extent of sea-coast. On a small peninsula, north of Carlisle fort, and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus, are the hamlet, the demesne, and the marine villa of Corkbeg, the Utter the property of a branch of the Fitsferald

    COR

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

11. Tradition of King Core's palace at Cork Lough

    near Cork Lough · lake or lakes · Cork

    The name Cork is sometimes traditionally derived from a legendary native monarch named Core. According to tradition, Core's palace stood on a spot now inundated by Cork Lough, outside the suburbs on the road to Kinsale.

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    Form*r State.] — The site of the central part of the present city, and of the whole of the ancient town, is the eii>tern half of a low and tlat obloni? tract of ground, measuring 2^ statute milcK in leii^'th, and D^ furlongs in extreme breadth. This tract was, for a long period, cut into numerous islets by small inter>ectionH and raroitications of the river, so as to present the appearance of iieing irrigated by numerous canals ; and it continued, till a con)par.itively recent date, to maintain in part the character wbiih ori;;inally belonged to the whole of itn area, — that of a fiwamp or marsh. The name I'ork, thereiore, i«. usually supposed to be a corruj)- tion of the Irish Corcntfh, *a morals;' thou;;h it has been derived by some writers from (Wrofi/i^ the Irish name for a boat, — and by tradition, troiu an allc^'ed native monarch of the name of Core, whose palace is said to have stood on a spot now inundated by Cork Lough, immediately without the suburbs on the road to Kinsale. •*<'ork," says Dr. Smith. who wrote about \)2 years a/io. ** was originally built in the form of an oblong square; the length of which was from tlie north gate to the south gate, and its brc:i(!th from the city wall on the we»t martih, to that parallel to it which faceil the ea.st mar^h. This wall had an interruption towards the middle, at the lower end of (^l^tle-^treet, called Martingate, defended to the north by a strong castle, whici> ^tood near the -ite of the new market-hou<«e. called the <^(n-«Mi » < a^^tle ; and within the walls, on the ground wlicrc the present county i-ourt-house i-. built, ""tood aiKitl.ii <a'>tle called the King's <'astle. The fornu*r w.io Miixi-ting in the reign of King Janu's I. ; and the latiir was taken down in the year I7i^^, ami Imu-e-' luilt on the f;round. * * 'fo the ^outh of ti:i> ca-tle. at the louer end of Chri*t-church Lane, "food a strong tower on the city wall, called the Jlopewill. from wl.ence I do not tind any other till the soutii-e.»>t anu'le of the wall wiiere there was H '•mail tower; and from thence to the south gate, thcic wa<> no toi tiiieation. Both the north and south gate- w\ re deten«ied by olil castles, one at each end ot tlie bridge. Front the south gate to the t>outhwe-t ai L'te was h tower aboijt midway, and one at that aiv'-c. T\n' water^'nte wa-» defended by a small oil! ra<*tle, bet\Neen uliii h and the north- we*t angle, Ktt>o<l the Ik ilrs <if St. Teti-r's rliurch, taken down and rvhuiU, am o \*'.s.\. From hence, to the northwi>t arl^le, is one Miiall t«>wer still remaining, and Riiothfr at that ancle, whence the wall ran, without ar.N tortilKMtion. tiil it ctiw.' to th" north gate, defei.iied h\ a cattle at 4 acli end of the bridge, as liefore. tneniiorie<l. There was al^i a round tower, in the »t'and ne;ir the north bridge, iH-tween which ami tf.t (^iieen'«. Ci-tie were two small towers." Camden, coMMihing the city as it »tood in the time uf

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

12. Tullamore Lodge demesne at Broughshane

    near Broughshane · town · Antrim

    Broughshane stands on the Braid rivulet, 3 miles north-east of Ballymena. In its immediate vicinity are the demesne and extensive plantations of Tullamore Lodge, the seat of the Hon. General O'Neill, with several neat villas adjoining.

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    BROUGHSHANE, a small town in the parish of Racavan, barony of flower Antrim, co. Antrim, Ulster. It stands on the Braid rivulet, and on the road from Ballymena to Glenarm, 3 miles north-east by east of Ballymena. Fairs are held on June 17 and Sept. 1. Schools and places of worship situated in the town will be noticed in the article Racayan: which see. In the immediate vicinity are the demesne and extensive plantations of Tullamore Lodge, the seat of the Hon. General O'Neill ; and adjoining that demesne are several neat villas. Area of the town, 33 acres. Pop., in 1831, 828; in 1841, 910. Houses 155. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 54; in manufactures and trade, 100; in other pursuits, 17. Families dependant chiefly on

    Eroperty and professions, 8; on the directing of ibour, 85; on their own manual labour, 76; on means not specified, 2.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

13. Tunnel near Roosk and crossing of Adrigole Bay

    Roosk · townland · Cork

    Along the north shores of Bantry Bay toward Berehaven, a short tunnel of 800 yards near Roosk and the crossing of Adrigole Bay are identified as the chief points of difficulty. The line may be traced by cutting through projecting points and striding across small inlets.

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    above Blarney, at a point 236 feet above the high water datum ; follows the right bank of the Martin to its confluence with the Shawnagh river ; and, where the Shawnagh, which hitherto had flowed soutii- weftward, makes a sudden deflection to a south-easterly course toward the Lee, the railway sweeps round in a south-westerlv direction, and, forcing its Mray by a half«mi]e tunnel through a ridge of bins, crosses the river and valley of the Lee near BallincolUg, at an elevation of 70 feet, 165^ miles from Dublin. It now resumes its south-westerly direction to t)ie river Bride ; passes 7 or 8 miles up the valley of that stream ; crosses to the valley of the Lee 2 or 8 miles below Macroom ; ascends the south-east side of tbe extensive swamps of tbe Lee about Toom ; passes close to Drumcarrow-castle, and tbe village of Indiegeelagh ; and thence, after skirting the north shores of the lakes above that village, crosses at their upper end, and. when 194 miles from Dublin, arrives at tbe road leading from Macroom to the celebrated pass of Cummineer, and at an altitude of 269 feet above the level of high-water mark. '* Here," says the Report, ** the facilities for railway formation are much diminished, and difficulties of gradient and physical obstacles interpose for nearly 20 miles, of a character which, if not unprecedented, is at least formidable, and in one or two of the points gigantic. It will rest with the Commissioners and the Government to determine how far the object attainable by surmounting them, is worthy of the cost which must accrue.' The railway still closely follows the Lee upwards of 3 miles ; then leaves the stream, enters the pass of Cvmmineer, plunges into a tunnel of 2,000 yards in length, and attains, at the south end of the tunnel and the pass, its maximum or summit altitude of 469 feet above high-water level, at nearly 199 miles from Dublin. The work crosses the vallev of Coomhoola by a viaduct about 600 or 700 yards in length, and about 200 feet in extreme height; skirts the head of Bantry hay ; and, approaching Glengariff south of Captain white's grounds, carves across a chain of islands and intervening vtifcters in the bays, on an embankment and occasional arching, at an elevation of 62 feet above high- water. " Glengariff bay once passed," says the Report, **the distance to Berebaven is 19 miles; and a line may be traced along the north shores of Bantry bay, cutting through the projecting points, and striding across a few snail inlets. A short tunnel of 800 yards, near Roosk, and the crossing of Adrigoole bay, are the chief points of difficulty in this distance." The termination recommended is upon Dinish Island, opposite Castletown-Berehaven, 23U miles from Dublin, and about 22 feet above the level of high- water. — Over 5 miles and 20 chains from the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

14. Turf trade by boat on the River Fergus

    near River Fergus · river · Clare

    A trade in turf conducted by boats up the River Fergus amounted to approximately 2,400 tons annually. The county also enjoyed navigation of the Fergus up to the town of Clare.

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    The principal exports of the county, in 1831, as estimated by Captain Mudge, consisted of 8,000 tons of wheat, 8,000 of oats, 2,000 of barley, and an unconjectured amount of bacon, butter, and rattle. Hut grain in large quantities, pigs in great numbers, and the produce of manufactures, and mines to some small extent, are sent overland to various markets, chiefly those of Limerick. The estinmted imports, in 1831, consisted of 2,500 tons of coals, 1,000 of bricks, 1,000 of timber, .500 of iron, 500 of salt, 500 of slate, 500 of flags, 500 of whisky, 5U0 of earthenware, 300 of sugar, 200 of tobacco, 100 of glass, and 1,500 of miscellaneous goods, chiefly articles of British manufacture. Yet a large amount of the real export and import trade must be sought in overland communication with the port of Limerick, and even with the port of Galway ; a considerable proportion of effective traffic must be traced in intercommunication with the various markets of neighbouring counties ; and a trade in turf by boats up the Fergus amounts annually to about 2,400 tons.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

15. Ulster Female Penitentiary in Belfast

    near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1839

    The Ulster Female Penitentiary was situated on Brunswick Street in Belfast and opened in November 1839. Its establishment was the result of a fundraising effort led by the Rev. Dr. Edgar, which raised over £3,000 in voluntary subscriptions.

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    Hospital, during ia39, had 192 patients — " A former female penitentiary, fitted up in a large private house in Donegal-street, was well condB<!ted by an excellent matron, but allowed to fall into extinction by an inert committee of management. The present Ulster Female Penitentiary, situated in Brunswick-street, was erected in result of a noble and spirited effort by the Rev. Dr. Edgar, — an effort which realized, in n very brief period, upwards of £3,000 from voluntary sabscriptions : the Institution was opened in November, 1839; it contains a separate apartment for each inmate ; a lending libniry, effective appliances of literary and religious instruction, and sut' h facilities for economy, order, and indHstry, as furnish a model for similar establishments ; and, during the first 14 months of its exi-ti)ire, it admitted 54 females, who sought or acct'pted a retreat from vice, and a religions home. Not a single applicant has been refused admittance since the opening of the new institution ; and every wretched otitcast, desirous of forsaking the evil of lu«r ways, may find in it a shelter and a home. From the common jails, and from the lowest dens of infamy and crime, its inmates are taken ; yet such is the admirable system maintained by its excellent niatron, such the kindness and decision of her most judicioiH management, and such the eflfectire superintendence of the female committee, that, in few private families are there more peace, and harmony, and kindness, — more industry, economy, and good management, than distinguish *tho family circle' of the lister Female Penitentiary."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 172

16. Ulster Institution for Deaf, Dumb and Blind in College-street

    near Belfast · city · Antrim

    The Ulster Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and for the Blind had its premises in College-street, Belfast. It served those with sensory disabilities in the region.

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    and risiting vessels in port, aiid has a convenient place of worship in Pilot-street The Sanday-school Union was established in 1821, and assists in the revival and establishment of Sabbath schools. The Ulster Institution for the Deaf and Damb and for the Blind has its premises in College-street. The Ulster Temperance Society was originated by the enlightened persevering Christian philanthropbt, Dr. Edgar, and was the parent one of Europe. The Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was established in 1836. The Association for Discountenancing Vice, and Promoting the Knowledge and Practice of the Christian Religion, is known throughout Ulster and Northern Leinster for its schools. The Belfast Auxiliary to the British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society has been characterized by considerable activity. The auxiliaries to the various missionary societies of London, Edinburgh, and the Irish orthodox Protestant communities, and also to other institutions of an exclusively or mixedly religious character, are singular for numerousness and fluctuation; no town needing less incitement than Belfast to adopt any good religious cause introduced to its notice, and none with more exquisite naivete forgetting to follow up the votes and demonstrations of a public religious meeting ; so that the religious auxiliaries of the town have, in various instances, exhibited a frequent and facile alternation of extinction and revival. The Society for the Promotion and Improvement of the Growth of Flax in Ireland was established in 1841, is liberally supported by the subscriptions of the Belfast merchants and others, and promises to be of great advantage to Ulster.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 173

17. Ulster Temperance Society, parent of Europe

    near Belfast · city · Antrim

    The Ulster Temperance Society was originated by Dr. Edgar and described as the parent temperance society of Europe. It was part of Belfast's distinctive culture of philanthropic and religious associations.

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    and risiting vessels in port, aiid has a convenient place of worship in Pilot-street The Sanday-school Union was established in 1821, and assists in the revival and establishment of Sabbath schools. The Ulster Institution for the Deaf and Damb and for the Blind has its premises in College-street. The Ulster Temperance Society was originated by the enlightened persevering Christian philanthropbt, Dr. Edgar, and was the parent one of Europe. The Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was established in 1836. The Association for Discountenancing Vice, and Promoting the Knowledge and Practice of the Christian Religion, is known throughout Ulster and Northern Leinster for its schools. The Belfast Auxiliary to the British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society has been characterized by considerable activity. The auxiliaries to the various missionary societies of London, Edinburgh, and the Irish orthodox Protestant communities, and also to other institutions of an exclusively or mixedly religious character, are singular for numerousness and fluctuation; no town needing less incitement than Belfast to adopt any good religious cause introduced to its notice, and none with more exquisite naivete forgetting to follow up the votes and demonstrations of a public religious meeting ; so that the religious auxiliaries of the town have, in various instances, exhibited a frequent and facile alternation of extinction and revival. The Society for the Promotion and Improvement of the Growth of Flax in Ireland was established in 1841, is liberally supported by the subscriptions of the Belfast merchants and others, and promises to be of great advantage to Ulster.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 173

18. Uninscribed stone crosses at Baskill

    Baskill · townland · Donegal

    Two small uninscribed stone crosses are recorded at Baskill in the parish of Culdaff, County Donegal. These form part of a group of antiquities noted across the parish.

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    CULDAFF, a parish, containing a village of the same name, on the north coast of the barony of In* nishowen, 8 miles north-north-west of MoviUe, co. Donegal, Ulfrter. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 5; area, 20,089 acres, I rood, 28 perches, — of which 512 acre«, 2 roods, 29 perches, are fresh lacustrine water, and 42 acres, 3 roods, 4 perche«, are tideway in the Culdaff river. Pop., in 1831, 5.995 ; in. 1841, 5,883. Houses 984. It is cut into two separate parts by an intersection, about a mile wide, of the parish of Cloncha ; and it extends along the Atlantic, about mid-distance between Malin Head and Innishowen Head. The surface consists variously of gooil land, inferior land, low isleted bog, and coarselyverdured or heathy mountain. A great expanse of low boir extends along the shore, and is interspersed throughout with cultivated knolU, called the Isles of Grcelagh. The most extensive bog is that of Drumley; and both this and others of smaller extent, abound in buried pines and oaks, and produce good fiK'l. The principal mountains are Crucknanionau, Cionkeen, Carthage, and Croagh ; and tliey are covered with black heath, thinly interspersed with coarse grass, which yields a scanty summer gnising to cattle. Clay, bog, and limestone are generally so near one another among the arable lands, as jointly, with the abundance of sea manures, to oflTer every facility for georgical improvement and fertiliiing culture. A lake at Moneyderragh abounds with char. The Culdaff rivulet issues from a loughlet near Crucknanionan, and, after many circumvolutions, falls, 4 miles to the north-east, into CuldafT bay. This bay is a large open roadstead extending from Dunmore to Glengad ; and though occasionally visited by vet^sels in summer, is very unsafe in atomK, or during nearly the whole of wmter. A circular earthen fort occurs at Cashel ; two small unin^ribed stone-crosses, at Baskill : the remnant of a fort on the steep isolated rock of Dunowan, half-a-mile north of the embouchure of the Culdaff rivulet ; and a cromlech, near Kindrahad. The mansions are Culdaffhouse, Mr. Young ; and Grouse-hall, Mr. Butler. The village of Culdaff or Milltown stands on the Culdaff river ; and consisted, 27 years ago, of the church, a schoolhouse, a mill, and 19 cottagei. Fairs are held on Feb. 10, May 10, Aug. 10, and Nov. 10. The Culdaff dispensary is within the Carndonagh Poor-law union, and has a district of 39.732 acres, with a pop. of 12,91 1 ; and, in 1839, it expended £109 4'*., and administered to 2,420 patients. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 133. Houses 27.. The principal roads lead from tbe village toward respectively Malin, Greencastle, and Londonderry. The road hither from Moville, runt along the south side of Squire's Cairn, and through a

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

19. Union of Clonard bishopric with Trim

    Clonard · town · Meath · 1100–1199

    In the 12th century, the bishopric of Clonard was united to that of Trim after the diocesan abandoned Clonard for Newtown, and later both were united to the see of Meath.

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    The ancient history of Clonard presents such a mixture of fable, romance, and disguised truth, that much erudition, time, and writing, would be requisite to effect its reduction to sober narrative. We are compelled, from the great restrictedness of our space, to take the historv simply as we find it, and to offer an outline of it with the precaution that some parts seem altogether fictitious, some much discoloured and distorte<l, and some true in essence, but partially falsified in attribute. St. Finian, then, as the story goes, was a man of high descent, a saint, and an eminent philosopher and divine ; he received a grant of Clonard from St. Kieran, the son of the artificer and the founder of the famous abbey of Clonmacnoise in King'i co., who had obtained from Dermid, the son of Cervail, monarch of Ireland, a grant of Clonmacnoise, Innisaingin, and one hundred churches in Meath ; and St. Finian founded at Clonard a bishopric, an abbey, and a theological school. — In the course of the 12th century, the bishopric was united to that of Trim, in consequence of its <liocesan abandoning Clonard as his seat, and constituting the abbeychurch of St. Peter and St. Paul at Newtown his cathedral; and early in the 13th century, it and other little bishoprics with which it had become consolidated, such as those of Trim. Ardhruccan, Shine, Duiishaughlin, Fore, and Clonmacnoise, were united to the see of Meath ; yet, up to the time when the celebrated Usher held it previous to his translation to Armagh, and even up to 1(K]I, when Dr. Henry Jones was translated to it from Clogher, Clonard nuintained a sort of claim to be the parent sec, and did not suffer the substitution of its name by that of .Meath. A pretended successional list of 70 bi<»hops, from St. Finian to Dr. Jones, is preserved ; and in this list appear Fienmale MacGirthed, *a chosen soldier of Christ,* — Rumold 3lacCathasach, * tfie rich

    CLO

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

20. Union of Emly diocese with Cashel

    Emly · town · Tipperary

    The see of Emly, which claimed to have been an archbishopric, was united to Cashel by act of parliament in the 11th year of Elizabeth's reign. The united sees of Waterford and Lismore were later added by the Church Temporalities Act.

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    7V<r Diocese.'] — The see of Cashel claims to have been founded — some special pleaders say, restored — at the beginning of the 10th century, and to have Inen erected into an archbishopric in 1152. The see of Emly, which also advances some claim to have been an archbishopric, was united to it by act of parliiunent in the 11th year of the reign of Elizabeth ; and the sees of Waterford and Lismore, forming at that time an united diocese, were united to the-e by the recent Church Temporalities Act. See Kmi.v. Waterford, and Likmore. — Thedioceseof Cit^hel includes small pendicles on the western border of the county of Kilkenny and the eastern border of the county of Limerick; but, with the execptiori of these, it all lies in the county of Tipperary, comprehends mo*t of the central division, and upwards of half of the southern division of that eouiity, but is excluded from the northern division by the diocese of Killaloe, and from the south-westtrn division by the diocese of Emly. Dr. Beaufort states its length and breadth at respectively 28 and 'J.? niib's ; it's area, in Tipperary, at 276,550 acres ; it< area, in Limerick and Kilkenny, at respectively 850 and ('»i O acres ; and its parishes at 90 in Tipperary, one in Limerick, and part of one in Kilkenny. The Ecclesia-fical Commissioners state its length and breadth

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 202

21. Union of the sees of Connor and Down, 1442

    Connor · townland · Antrim · 1442

    In 1442, Bishop John of Connor persuaded Pope Eugene IV to unite the sees of Connor and Down, despite opposition from both the archbishop of Armagh and the king of England. From that date onward the two dioceses have been invariably united.

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    The Diocese of Connor is alleged, but without even a sbow of Mitisfactory evidence, to have been founded by St. ^ngus Macnish or Slacnisius, who was a dis»ci|)le of Olcaii, and a follower through Olcan's medium of St. Patrick; and who died very early in the 6th century. But the sec, up to the year 1124, cannot be traced even by the advocates of its remote antiquity ; and up to the beginning of the \5th century, it olten bore the de^ignation of Dalriada or Dalnaruigh. In 1 124, Malachi O'Morgain, afterwards archbishop of Armagh, was made bishop of this diocese ; and is said by Bernard of Clarcvalle to have found the inhabitants *' Christians in name, but pagans in practice, caring neither for the rites of marriage nor of baptism, paying neither tithe nor first-fruits, and little better than beasts of the tield." A regular succession of bishops is traced — in a list of names at least— from Malachi O'Morgain to John, who succeeded to the see in 1440. This John, of whom nothing else is known, contrived in 1442 — in spite of both the archbishop of Armagh and the king of England — to induce Pope Eugene IV. to unite the sees of Connor and Down ; and from that d;ite onward they have been invariably united.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

22. Ursaline nunnery, Blackrock, Cork

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork

    The Ursaline nunnery at Blackrock, attended in its chapel by about 100 persons, was an imposing edifice with a great centre and two wings, featuring a pleasant lawn between the building and the river.

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    ture in the pointed style. The spire of this edifice, ereatly admired for its symmetry, was partly torn into an aerial Avreck, and partly hurled awa^ to the distance of 60 or 80 yards, by a stroke of lightning in January 1836. The Roman Catholic chapel, built in 1824, usually attended by 7^ persons, and par. ocbially united to the chapel, or titular cathedral of St. Finbarr, occupies a conspicuous situation in the scenery of the peninsula. The Ursaline nunnery, attended in its chapel by about 100 persons, is an imposing: edifice, of a great centre and two wings, and has a pleasant lawn interposed between it and the river. Blackrock-castle, the fortalice of Cork, was originally a circular tower, built early in the reign of James I., bv the Lord-deputy Mountjoy, for the protection of the river; and closely resembled the blockhouses, erected in the time of Henry VIII., for the defence of the entrance of Southampton water, and other parts of the English coast. In 1722, the corporation of Cork repaired it, and raised upon it an octagonal room or tower, surmounted by a cupola; and here, on the 1st of August, when the corporation sailed down the estuary, and threw a dart into the sea in assertion of their rights of admiralty, the mayor annually held his court as admiral of the harbour. The greater part of the building was destroyed by an accidental fire; and the | present pile was erected on the site of the old, after ; designs by Mr. Pain, and stands at an angle of the ' peninsula, sentineUlike, guarding the entrance into ' Lough Mahon, and adding mueh to the picturesque j effect of the natural beauties of the river. A large j circular tower, with a crenelated parapet, rises from bold deep corbels, is pierced with numerous horizon- | tally-labelled windows, and contains a small ban- ; quetting-room ; at its east end, a slender cylindrical ; round tower rises several feet higher than it, and | exhibits after dusk a light for the guidance of the | shipping; behind are several low oblong buildings in a style to correspond with the towers ; and at the east side is a broad-arched barbican, flanked by small j hexagonal embattled towers, and leading out by a flight of steps to the edge of the river. A plain, small ivy-mantled tower, called King-Mahon-castle, stands in front of Castle-Mahon demesne ; and the ruin of an old mansion, called Dundanion-castle, stands half-a-mile west of Blackrock-castle, and is laid down on the plan of Cork given in the Pacata Hibernia as " Galwaies Castell." The old Irish sept of Mahony, who anciently held large possessions in the vicinity, gave the name of Lough Mahon to that part of the Lee which lies between Blackrock and the Great Island ; and bequeathed their name also to Lady Chatterton's demesne. The grounds between the Douglas river and Blackrock-castle are called the Ring, a corruption of r^ea, < a promontory.' West>vard of Blackrock, and in some degree identified with it, is the village of Ballintehple : which see. *' Adjoining the Blackrock road, in a field about a mile from Cork," said Mr. Croker in 1824, *' amethysts have been found, but of an inferior quality to those procured in foreign countries. The quarry was discovered more than 20 years since ; I and after being worked for a short time, the question of proprietorship got into Chancery, where it still remains. Many tons of earth were thrown over the excavations which had been made, and a guard placed to prevent farther search ; but notwithstanding these ))recautions, I have seen some good crystals recently picked up there. It is the opinion of those ! more conversant than myself with geology, that a | few months further work would have completely exhausted this amethystine mine, as from its situa- I tion it cannot be extensive. Many curious anecdotes ' are told' relating to its first discovery, which, of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

23. Vanessa's bower at Celbridge and Swift's Vanessa

    Celbridge · town · Kildare · 1717–1723

    Esther Vanhomrigh, the lady celebrated by Dean Swift in his poem Cadenus and Vanessa, retired to Celbridge in 1717 and died there in 1723. Sir Walter Scott recorded an aged gardener's account of a secluded bower called Vanessa's bower, with seats, a table, and a view of the Liffey.

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    she did not mention him in the testamentary deed by which she disposed of her large property. Sir Walter Scott, in his Life of Swift, has given mimitt particulars, which have not escaped the strictaret of criticism, respecting the Dean's intercourse with Vh^ essa **at Marley abbey near Celbridge;" and, amoiy other matters, he writes, on the rambling authority of an aged gardener, and in terms wbidi noi only suggest but confirm incredulity : *' The garden wM| to an uncommon degree, crowded with laurela. The old man said, when Mrs. Vanhomrigh expected the Dean, she always planted, with ber owa hand* a

    CEL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

24. Vantage-ground view of Clew Bay and Croagh Patrick

    Newport · town · Mayo

    A vantage-ground near the end of an isthmus on the road from Newport to Achill commands a superb view of Clew Bay, noted for its multitude of green and fertile islands. The view also takes in Clare Island's beetling cliffs against the Atlantic and Croagh Patrick, described as the most beautiful of all Irish mountains.

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    the interior is prevailingly a brown bog-clad mass of lofty uplands, — part of that wild, russet-dressed, mountainous yet morassy region which extends from Clew bav to Killalla bay, and from tbe Atlantic to Mount Nephin. A vantage-ground near the end of the isthmus, on the road from Newport to Achill, commands a superb view of Clew bay, thus noticed by Mr. Otway : ** Directly under you, and to the left, the noble bay, with 'its multitude of islands, Innismore. Innishma, Innishcrushna, InnUhcougha, and I don't know how many other Innishes,— all green and fertile, some tilled, some pasture. No bay in the British isles has so many islands; and then the large isle of Clare, forming the great break* water barrier against tbe Atlantic; and from this quarter, Clare really looked sublime; for on this side were its beetling clilf?., against which the wind, that came not ungently from the north-west, was sending the long Atlantic billows, which, meeting

    this iron wall, sent up the white foam on high

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

25. Very old church of Castletown-Arra

    Castletownarra · parish · Tipperary

    The church of Castletown-Arra parish, in the diocese of Killaloe, was described as a very old building with seating for 250 but an attendance of only 40. A Roman Catholic chapel in the parish drew about 2,000 attendees.

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    in the dio. of Killaloe. Tithe composition, £304 128. 8|d. ; glebe, £6 6s. The rectories of Castletown- Arra and Buroessbeo [see that article], constitute the benefice of Castletown- Arra. Pop., in 1831,7,680. Gross income, £597 5s. 9id. ; nett, £513 14s. S^d. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent is prebendary of Fenore in Clonfert, and of Kinvarra in Kilmacduagh. The church is a very old building. Sittings 250; attendance 40. The Castletown. Arra Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about 2,000. There is a Roman Catholic chapel in Burgessbeg. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 66, and the Roman Catholics to 4,257 ; the Protestants of the union to 102, and the Roman Catholics to 7,981 ; 2 daily schools in the parish — one of which was aided with £4 a-year from the rector, and the other was held in the Roman Catholic ohaiiel — had on their books 172 boys and 91 girls; and there were 3 daily schools in Burgessbeg.

    CASTLETOWN. BEREHAVEN. Bee Castletown, barony of Bere, co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

26. Village of Cloncat in Girley parish

    Cloncat · townland · Meath · 1831–1841

    Cloncat is a village located in the parish of Girley, within the barony of Upper Kells in County Meath. Its population in 1831 was recorded, but it was not specially returned in the 1841 census.

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    CLONCAT. a village in the parish of Girley, barony of I'pper Kells, co. Meath. Leinster. Pop., in IRSI, 7*2H; in 1841, not specially returned.

    rL()N('H.\, or Clonca, a parish at the northern ♦•xtreinity of the barony of Innishowen, of co. Londoinierry, of l'l>ter, and of Ireland. It includes Malin H(>ad, and extends south-eastward thence, partly Itetween the Atlantic and the bay of Strabre- K.ich, and partly between sections of the parish of (\il(!arr. till it falls upon the north-east coast of the barony. Length, 13 miles; breadth, from J to 4 ; area, i{).r>43 acres, 18 perches, — of which 21 acres, 1 rood, '21 p^Tcbes are water. Pop., in 1831, 6,082; in 1>*4 1 , r..77H. HotiJ^es 1,110. The villages are Ballt* (;t)KMAS and Mali.n* : which see. The mansions are Malin Hall, R. Harvey, E«q., and Goorey, J. Har* V('\, K>q. Strabregagh bay is the only harbour. See STK.inRKUAi;H. The coast on each side of the rntrance of thi> bay is very rocky; and from Strabrc;:a;;h to Co<jlort, and again from Malin Well to tilenpul. it exhibits a series of picturesque precipices. 1^.NM.»TKAiirL [^ve that article] lies about 2 leagues ea-t ot Malin Head, and has a lighthouse. The tides near Malin Head, and in the Sound of Ennistrahul, are rapid. Two mountains, called Knockbrack and Knockaniei'.a, are the only very high ground in the I ari'li, and are covered with black heath and an in- <-on^i<itrable quantity of ctmrse grass. Bogs are nnnierou^ : the largest is that of Templemoyle. { AhoMt one. half of the whole area is bog and upland; tl.i- other half cunoi<>ts for the most part of poor land; ■ JIM.! -rarrrly a >pot is decorated with either plantaiioii or coppice. Linie«>tone forming part of a vein \\\.ir\\ eviends from CuldafT to Cashelf abounds at

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

27. Virginia Water and Lough Ramor head-streams

    near Lough Ramor · lake or lakes · Cavan

    Two head-streams of the river Blackwater rise near Shircock, one being Virginia Water which expands into small lakes. Both run to Lough Ramor, an isleted lake of about 3 miles, after which they reappear as the single Blackwater stream passing into Meath.

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    north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

28. Walter Brodie's stone house or castle, Cavan

    Cavan · town · Cavan

    Another old fortalice in Cavan, described in the borough charters as 'the stone House or Castle, wherein Walter Brodie, Gentleman, now resideth,' stood nearly at the middle of the High-street.

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    Public Buildings.'] — An old fortalioeor caatellated mansion, still called O'Reilly's Castle, and once the property of the tanist family of OHeilly, atood at an intersecrtion of the westward prindpel ttreety but can now be traced by only the local antiquarj. Another old fortalice, oescriDed in the borough cbaitcfB as "the stone House or Castle, wherein Walter Brodie, Gentleman, now resideth," stood nearly at the middle of the High- street Another mihtarf work, now called KinnypotUe Fort, is commemorated on the ncntb-east outskirt of the town. In 1300, a Dominican friary was founded by OioUa Jiosa Ruadh O'Reilly, dynast of BreflSny ; about the year 1393, it was taken from the Dominicaiit by the founder's successor, and given to the Frandscant; and, in 1649, it received into the tomb the mortal remains of the famous Irish ^neral, Owen O'JNeil, who died at Cloughoughter in this county, and ii supposed to have been poisoned. But all andent buildings, both public and private, were probably destroyed, or at least materially diamaged, by the devastations of war and conflagration. Cavan, like many other old towns, suffered severe havoc from the ruthless violence of the feudal wan; and ao late as 1690, the greater part of it waa burnt by the Enniskillenners under General Woliey, after they had defeated a body of troops in the aervioe of James II.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

29. Wellington Bridge across the Barrow at Carlow

    Carlow · townland · Carlow

    The Wellington Bridge spanning the River Barrow at Carlow is described as an elegant edifice of stone. A chief bridge across the Burren is noted as a neat iron structure.

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    county infirmary, situated on the southern boundaryline of the borough, is a new and well-built structure ; it contains 35 beds, but could admit 45, and is sufTicient for the wants of the county; and, in 1839-40, it expended £611 19s. 5d., and had 183 patients. — The barrack contains accommodation for a troop of cavalry, and two companies of infantry. The Wellington bridge across the Barrow is an elegant edifice of stone ; and the chief bridge across the Burren is a neat iron structure.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

30. Wellington-Bridge connecting Carlow to Graigue suburb

    near Graigue · population centre · Carlow

    On the west bank of the Barrow, connected with Carlow by Wellington-Bridge, stands the considerable suburb of Graigue. The bridge links the main town to this western suburb across the river.

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    Tilly and Tullow to Castlecomer, runs westward tc the bridge across the Barrow, intersects the formei street at right angles, is between 6 and 7 statute furlong in length, and has nowhere any considerable break \n the continuity of either of its lines of bouses. Three short streets radiate nearly at the same point from this, about one-fourth of an Irish mile from its east end, — one, spacious and short, going southsouth-westward to the Burren, and having at its south end the gaol and the barrack, — one leading east-north-eastward on the way to Baltinglass, — and one, going straggUngly off north-north-eastward, to fall upon the road to Dublin. The compact part of the town commences, as to its east side, 250 yards west of the point whence these three streets radiate, is bounded on the south by the Burren, consists of 10 or 11 brief streets additional to the sections of the two great lines, and forms verv nearly an equilateral triangle of 700 yards on eacn side. Immediately east of it is a spacious open area containing the Roman Catholic cathedral and college ; and north of its western half, or between the Athy road and the Barrow, arc some incipient street-lines, and a profusion of airily situated houses, both single and grouped. On the west bank of the Barrow, and connected with Carlow by Wellington-Bridge, stands the considerable suburb of Gbaioue : which see.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 190

31. Whiddy Island in Bantry Bay harbour

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Whiddy Island lies off the town of Bantry and protects and divides the inner harbour from the outer bay. On its east side are four small isles called Chapel, Horse, Hog, and Rabbit Islands, and the anchorage between Whiddy and the mainland has 24 to 40 fathoms on good ground.

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    ftoints piercing the cumulo stratus of the clouds, and eaving you to guess at their mysterious altitudes ; nearer still to the north-west. Hungry Mountain, rising like an embattled wall before ^ou, and down the mural descent, as relieved from its background, fell the cataract of Adrigoll, in a perpendicular column of 800 feet 1 — ^nearer still, facing the north, the Sugarloaf Mountain, almost as white in its siliceous quartoze formation as if it were crystallized sugar; directly under my feet was the inner harbour of Bantry, protected and divided from the outer bay by the green island of Whiddy ; and up and down on that placid water were studded isles and islets, one crested with an ancient castle, another crowned with a modern battery, — here a martello tower, there the ruins of a fishing palace ; and, to finish the setting of this rich jewel, the trees, woods, hills, and fine mansion-house of Lord Bantry, his green and highly dressed lawn, sweeping down in easy undulations to the very water's edge. I cannot say how much I was struck with this delightful ioui emembU, And certainly, as was exemplified here, any thing that is admirable is made much more so by contrast. I had for miles travelled over a dull and dreary way — bare, desolate, unsatisfactory — rocky elevations, or gloomy moors, crowded with miserable huts, a population evidently and fearfully increasing, amidst difficulties and privations altogether insufficient to check its monstrous progress; and I bad read Malthus's convincing but gloomy book ; and war, pestilence, and famine, * terribilis visu fonns,' rose up in necessary association, as summoned to feast on and make prey in future of this teemii^ population. It therefore was a pleasant relief, coming down from this district, to rest on the sweet green shores of Bantry bay, to feast the eye on the wooded hills, with all their herds and deer, of Lord Bantry's park, hanging as it does in umbrageous verdure over this noble sheet of water ; and, to ftdd

    BAN

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

32. Wild gorge with steps and rushing waters near Coleraine

    near Coleraine · town · Derry

    A natural orifice near Coleraine is surrounded by wild rose, honeysuckle, purple heath, and lady fern. A natural lane and rude artificial steps descend about 60 feet to where rushing waters produce bold water-music, with sunlight shooting down like a ray through the opening.

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    upon blocks in a wild assemblage of grand and desolation. All around the diasm are frii wild rose, honeysuckle, purple hestb« lady fern ; a natural lane leads down to tl!e of the orifice, and a flight of rude artifidal atepa a» ducts the descent of about 60 feet; the ec' murmur of rushing waters is beard from the and rises to the duttinct sounds of bold and asny water-music as the stair is descended; thelkhtsi sunshine shoots down like a ray throiwh a prasi fei

    a darkened room, p4aying with unearthly upon one spot of the waterst and then shadh^ off into chiaro sairo, and sustaining the apeedy eautfsit of total darkness ; a large cavern at the botlmi tf the descent reveals the river burstii^ from thi bowels of the world, mirthful in current^ afivo «ilh fish, and sweeping instantly and careeringly past iaia an invisible gulf below ; and an old wooMOt a hm^ a Hecate — we speak of the dcerone who actad fir ourselves, and seems also to have acted for Cbar Otway and other tourists — now kindles op a Ml flambeau of straw in a dark recess of the cain tosses and waves it till it has sufficient wSad^ga^iai lights up the dark and mysteriouslv varied root then ainga it on the bosom of toe rapid li^ *' and on it goes, floating and still hi forward its light, and discovering on vsults and passages, now higfa« now low* oddfjw and whirling, and flashing ap ita fitful blaas aataS is extinguished in the frr distanoa» where Iht stream plunges down and is lost whera eye Bcwf followed." The chief seats in the parish art Afli- FOBD and Baixtm AdBBOM : see thfl«a artkiMb The view from the wooded grounds of AshMb extensive and picturesque : see CoBBim. The nail radiate from Cong to Ballinrobe, Headfbrd, Om^ terard, Cunnemara, and Joyce-Country ; aadp t&r m sequestered a district, are good. A MMt aav%Blim is practicable from the head of Lough Cwrih taOik wav. One of the best limestone quairies ia I ~ ' and one which easilv funushes blocks of the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

33. William III lands at Carrickfergus and visits Belfast

    near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1690

    On 9 June 1690, William III landed at Carrickfergus and proceeded to Belfast, where he was received with ardent demonstrations of joy and remained nearly a week. He lodged in the house of Sir William Franklin, whose site is now occupied by the Donegal Arms hotel.

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    that, * as a body, the Presbyterians, suffered less by the ravages of the rebellion, than perhaps any other class of men, and the reason was, that the greater number of their clergy and gentry had before re* turned to Scotland to aroid tli^ tyranny of Stafford.' But it is certain that the Presbyterians of Belfiut, after seeing their town successively occupied by tbe royalists, uie parliamentarians, and the rebels, rorgot their theological feuds with Uie Churdi of Ireland* in the dreftd of civU extinction, and during the subsequent wars were well- affected to the Royal cause, and to that of the Established church. The Prea* bytery of Bel&st, at the murder of Charles L, exhibited themselves in a manner truly honourable ; and, in 1649, they put forth 'a representation' ol the ' present evils and imminent danger to religion* laws, and liberties, arising from the late and present practices of the sectarian party in England.' In this document they raised their * testimony,' and expressed their indignation and disgust, m no measured terms, against the atrocities and oondnet o^ their former associates in their warfiire with the Church ^ Ireland. This sudden and unexpected procedure, on the part of the Belfast PresbyteriaiMy excited against them the vengeance of the (foet Bfilton, who replied to their * representation ' with great bitterness, designating them these 'blockish Presbyters of Clandeboye,' * these unhallowed prieatlings ' of the * unchristian synagogue ' at Belfitft, and similar charitable compliments levelled against them in the true republican and sectarian spirit of tbe times. But Uie dtixens of Belfiist were held in such respect by all parties, that though the town, after a siege of four days, surrendered to Colonel Venablea for Cromwell in 1649, having changed masters four times in the course of six years, no injury was sustained by the mercantile body beyond the negative one of the prosperity of the place being for a time retarded. During Cromwell's domination, after the Restoration, and up to the Revolution, a period of fifty years, the town was taken and occupiisd by all the parties who desolated Ireland during thai entire period, and was little plundered by either. In 1688, a new charter was granted to the town by James IL, increasing the number of burgesses to 95^ and considerably abridging the privileges of the corporation,— the chief power of removing a sovereign* a burgess, or other officer, being vested in tiie chief governor ami privy council at pleasure. This reconstruction of the corporation made James very unpopular, and was one of his many infatuated acta. When the Revolution broke out, the inhabitants hailed the arrival of the Prince of Orange with enthusiasm, and exulted at his accession to the Crown as William IIL The appearance of the Duke of Schomberg in the town in 1090, was ao additional cause of satisfiiction. On the 9th of June that year* William landed in person at Carrickteigus, and proceeded immediately to Belfiut, where he was received with the most ardent demonstrations of joy* and remained in the town nearly a week. A load writer mentions, that the king lodged in the house of Sir William Franklin, the site <n which is now occupied by the Donegal Arms, the principal hotel in the town. To reward the loyalty of the Presbyterian ministers, William granted them the sum of £1,200 a-year." The subsequent historical events of any interest, either belong more properly to Omtrickfergus, or were so diffusive as to be fitly noticed either in our article on Ulster, or in the general introductory one to our whole work.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

34. William III stays at Chapelizod after the Boyne

    near Chapelizod · townland · Dublin · 1690

    After the Battle of the Boyne, William III spent several days at Chapelizod receiving petitions and redressing grievances. The mansion he occupied later served as a country residence for viceroys of Ireland.

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    ancient; and claims to have derived its name of Jzod from a daughter of JEngus, King of Ireland. William III., when returning from his expedition to the south, shortly after the battle of the Boyne, spent several days at Chapel-Izod, *' receiving petitions, and redressing the grievances arising from perpetual violations oi his protection." The mansion which he occupied was frequently used as the country residence of the viceroys of Ireland, previous to the purchase and improvement of the present vice> re^al lodge ; and it was repaired, and occupied as a pnncipal seat, by Dr. Boulter, archbishop of Armagh, when, in 1726, he filled the office of one of the Lords-justices of the kingdom. Area of the Uppercross section of the town, 20 acres ; of the Castle- Knock section, 43 acres. Pop. of the Castle- Knock section, in 1831, 1,030; in 1841, 1,102. Houses 94. Pop. of the whole town, in 1831, 1,632; in 1841, 1.575. Houses 174. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 94 ; in manufactures and trade, 207 » in other pursuits, 62. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 16 ; on the directing of

    labour, 170; on their own nnnml labonr, 159; no means not specified, 18.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

35. William the Marshal grants first charter to Carlow

    Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1208–1216

    William the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, who succeeded to the principality of Leinster through his wife Isabel, granddaughter of Dermod MacMurrough, granted the first charter to the inhabitants of Carlow about 1208. In 1216, King John erected the county into a palatinate in his favour.

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    History. '\ — Lon^ previous to the Anglo- Norouui inva.<ion, the territory which now constitutes the county of Carlow was the scene of innumerable condicts among the Irish toparchs and kings, and between them and their vigilant and relentless Dan- Hh invaders. Many singular anecdotes are current, on the questionable authority of Keating and O'llalloran) respecting traits of savage character, and deeds of wonderful prowess, in the course of these conflicts; and stories are told, on still more dotard authority, such as converts them into little better than mawkish legends, respecting sjmodal uchievements and other early ecclesiasticfu feat« in connection with the diocese of Leiffhlin. Strongbow and his little band of resolute followers found the territory divided into the districts of Hy-Drone and Hy-Cavanagh, and constituting the northern part of Hy-Kinsellagh, the patrimony of Dermod Mac- Mtirrough, King of Leinster, who invited the invasion ; and they made it, for a considerable period, the grand arena of their strife with the native Irish, — tlie battle-field of some of the earliest of those actions which terminated in the conquest of Ireland. William the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, one of the invading nobles, and afterwards Lord-justice of Ire> land, married Isabel, daughter of Strongbow, and grand-daughter of Dermod MacMurrough, succeeded in her right to the principality of Leinster, granted about the year 1208 the first charter to the inhabitants of Carlow, and, in 1216, got the county erected by the feeble King John into a palatinate in his favour. On the failure of William the Marshal's male heirs, Roger de Bigot succeeded in right of his wife, William's daughter, to the lordship of Carlow; and, after his death, that lordship passed to the Crown, while the barony of Idrone passed by grant in fee to the family of Carew. The lordship was now granted to Thomas de Brotherton; andfirom him it descended through the family of Howard till forfeited in the reign of Henry VIIL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 188

36. Woodburn cotton-mill and bleachfield

    near Woodburn · population centre · Antrim

    On the Woodburn rivulet, about three-quarters of a mile north-north-east of Carrickfergus town, are a cotton-mill and a bleachfield. These works reflect the parish's involvement in the linen manufacture.

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    Only a restricted senfie, to the county of the town. In the former is the village of Straid ; on the east niaririn of the parish, and near the month of Copeland Water, is the little villa^ of Eden ; in various localities are other villai^es or hamlets; on the Woodhurn rivalet, J of a mile north-north-east of the town, are a cotton^mill and a bleachfield ; and at Glynn, about the same distance north -north-east of the town, are another cotton-mill and a hamlet. The parishioners share, to a larf^e extent, in the employments of the linen manufacture. The chief mansions and villas are tho^e of See- Park and Seoiit- Bu«;h, on the road to Belfast ; Woodburn Lodg^e and Pro«»pcct, in the vale of the Woodburn rivulei ; and Oakfield, Thornfteld, North Lodg^e, and Glynn, north-ea-it of the town.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 192

37. Woodburn stream and its ancient abbey

    near Woodburn · population centre · Antrim

    The chief interior stream of the parish terminates west of Carrickfergus and is rich in landscape and features. It was anciently overlooked by an abbey at Woodburn.

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    Lough. Movt of the Imdi on the skirts of the htlU^ and thoBe which lie low, aie of eseellent qwliljf ; and they aggregately possess great wwmtli and enbellishment frmn wood. Agncultoiv, evea twentj years ago, was in a greatly improved conditiOB ; ud many pendicles of common and waste groands were reclaiiued for tillage, — many planted with ormaMntal or forest trees. Wheat, barley, oats, potatoea, and flax, are the chief crops cultivated, — oati, most of all,_and wheat less than formerly, on nceount (rf being discovered to scourge the soil tbreefoM more than oats. The dbtrict has long been celebrated for the manufacture of cheese. Belfast Lough, while touching the parish, aboonds in fish, haa a very slightly indented shore-line, and k oiwrh>okcd by a dean beach, and a highly ornamented scn-bonnL Villas, cottages, and miscellaneous lodgings for the accommodation of sea-bathers, are numerous and in great request. A sand-bank, neariy a nnle long, and covered with eight feet of water at ebb, lies about a mile south-west of Carrickfergua-castle ; but, from the time of William IIL downward, it has been known to be fatal to only t\w> vessels. A loftily situated lake, of about 90 acres in extent^ lies in the north-east comer of the parish, and pfesenia some curious features. See Mobne (Louoh). Tho superfluent water of the lake runs eastward to n confluence vrith another rill ; and the united stiewa» under the name of Copeland Water, tmrea tho east«m boundary of the parish southward to Belfcst Lough. A glen, called the Noisy Tale, lies in tho vicinity of Lough Mome, and has its uame from o small rill which falls with much violence into an aperture of the ground, and becomes so nprrtthoosif subterranean that its subsequent identity m matter of mere conjecture. SuUa-tobber, or the Sallow-««Il^ supposed but not known to be the rill of tho Koisy Vale— springs from beneath a limestone roek about U mile north of the town; and, taking a southerly direction, turns a corn-mill, and falls into Belmt Lough at the part of the town called the Seotcb Quarter. A rill, called the Silfer Stream, tmeai part of the western boundary southward to the tide. But the chief stream has all its courae i»tbe iatoriort and terminates a brief distance west of the town ; and it is rich in landscape, wood, cascade, cave, villa, and factory, and anciently was overlooked by an abbey. Sec Woodbubk, Pipeclay, potter's-earth, brick-clay, and some other valuable earths, ooeur near the shore ; and the first vras at one time m^ ported, in great quantities, as an article of commepotr Regulariy crystallized baaaltes are found alonf tho shore in positions as if they were escaping to tho sea; zeolite may be observed; and gypsnoH of three distinct species, is plentifullv diflused. Various vegetable fossils occnr on the low ground! ; tfia hazel-nut, in particular, is met with bensath » bod of peat, accompanied by great bodies of timhev audi brushwood, and often presenting a peffeet sheil« aod a completely petrified kernel. The rock of tho thentier uplands is chiefly white and grey indorateil chalk, containing nodules of flint ; and tho Midt of the district beyond is part of the great tmp ftild of the county. Raths, barrows, and cairns, aro nmnc^ ous on the hills ; and several coins of gPMit anti* quity have been found on the low grounds* Chmgl^ naharty-castle stands in ruin westwaid of the town. but never was an object of any note. Upwards of two miles west of the town are the mini of two churches, called Killyann and Canrawsy; and at the Stonyglen once stood a monastic eeU, eallod the Priest's House. Two sections of tho parish, called StraidUmd and little Ballymena, mutually contiguous, and constituting the north-west distriett were, not many years ago, pronounced to btloq^ in

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

38. Woodford river and lakes on Leitrim-Cavan border

    Ballyconnell · town · Cavan

    The Woodford river drains the south-eastern district of Leitrim and forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan. It traverses Cavan past Ballyconnell to the Erne.

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    north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

39. Woodpark seat near Black-Bull village

    Woodpark · townland · Meath

    Woodpark, the seat of the Rev. Jos. Preston, stands in the vicinity of the village of Black-Bull in County Meath, at the divergence of the Dublin-Trim and Dublin-Enniskillen roads.

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    BLACK-BULL, a village on the northern border of the barony of Dunboyne, co. Meath, Leinster. It stands at the divergence of the Dublin and Trim road from the Dublin and Enniskillen road, 3 milei south-south-east of Dunshaughlin, and 10 north-west of Dublin. In its vicinity is Woodpark, the seat of the Rev. Jos. Preston. Pop. not specially returned.

    BLACK-CASTLE, an extensive and well-wooded demesne, the property of R. Buxton Fitzherbert, Esq., adjoining Navan, and extending for two miles along the Boyne, co. Meath, Leinster.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

40. Woollen factory at Celbridge, largest in Ireland

    Celbridge · town · Kildare

    A woollen factory, the largest in Ireland, was established at Celbridge by a company from Leeds. It changed hands several times, suffered a fire, and eventually operated under a spirited Englishman. The town stands on the river Liffey.

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    CELBRIDGE, a town, partly in tbe parisb of Donacomper, barony of South Salt, but chiefly in the parish of Celbndge, barony of Nortb Salt, co. Kildare, Leinster. It stands on the river Lififey, and on the road from Dublin to Rathangan, 3^ miles south-west of Lucan, 6^ north-east of Clane, and 10 west-south-west of Dublin. The town is wellbuilt ; and, both in itself and in its environs, presenu a pleasant and even imposing appearance. A band* some stone-bridge carries the thoroughfare acrosa the Liflfey. A woollen factory, the largest in Ireland, M'as established at Celbridge about 38 years ago, by a company from Leeds ; it did not prosper with the original speculators, who found that tbe cheapness of Irish labour, and the easy tcmis on which they had purchased a great water-powcr, dM not compensate for the dearth of fuel and tbe scarcity of trained and trustworthy workmen ; it afterwards remained for some tinne unworked, and tbcn went into the possession of an expert swindler, wbo contrived to hold it just long enough to enable him to rob the rich and beggar the poor ; and it eventually became the property of a spirited EnglUhman» and began to be worked with vigour, but received a severe check, very soon after the conunenoemeot of the new management, by the destruction of a large wing of the edifice by fire. In and near tbe towa are other but inferior works. The public conveyances, in 1838, were a coach and 4 cars to Dublin.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

41. Woollen manufacture introduced in Birr, 1682

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1682

    The woollen manufacture was introduced in Birr in 1682 and was for a time flourishing. Distillation later succeeded it as a staple industry, while the linen trade was encouraged in later years but never achieved great bulk.

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    of aid from any point of the projected railwajm, to be likely to rise to any or much more import^iice, unless, by a great effort of public spirit, some line of railway be specially constructed for its own use. The nearest point of any projected railway is on the main trunk of the Commissioners* Lines, 26 statute miles distant, in the vicinity of Maryborough. The woollen manufacture was introduced in 1682, and was for a time flourishing; distillation succeeded it as a staple, and, in its turn, was threatened with annihilation by the splendid totalabstinence movement; the linen trade has of late years been encouraged, but has not a very bulky importance. The existing factorial works are distilleries, breweries, tanneries, and flour-mills. A branch of the Provincial Bank was established in 183^3; and a branch of the Agricultural and Commercial Bank in 1836. The public conveyances, in 1 838, were a coach to Dublin, and 3 cars to respectively Mullingar, Borriso'kane, and Gillan Harbour, — one of the latter in communication with the canal boats. — The municipal and police affairs of the town are managed by a bodv, which is elected annually, and called the Board of Health.

    Statistics.] — Area of the town, 226 acres. Pop., in 1831, 6.594; in 1841, 6,336. Houses 1,033. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 32; in manufactures and trade, 458; in other pursuits, 860. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 157; on the directing of labour, 545; on their own manual labour, 535; on means not specified, 1 13. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,323; who could read but not write, 344; who could neither read nor write, 815. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,019; who could read but not write, 754; who could neither read nor write, 1,324.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 178

42. Wretched condition of the Ennis-Limerick road

    Ennis · town · Clare · 1834

    The main road from Ennis to Limerick was in such a terrible state around 1834 that stage-coaches could manage only about 2 miles per hour, lurching so violently that passengers preferred walking through slough and quagmire. The condition was attributed to corruption in the Grand Jury assessment system.

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    Commumicationa.'] — The roads of Clare are probably worse than those of any other county in Ireland ; and, till a very recent period, were proverbial for being in an almost savage condition. Some districts of considerable extent bad, not long ago, no road better than a rough mountain track ; and the chief road of the county, that from Ennis to Limerick, we remember to have been, not more than 12 years ago, in so horrible a state that *a corduroy road' of the American forests was a luxury in comparison,— the stage-coach being compelled to move over some parts at the rate of only about 2 miles an hour, and to lurch, and swing, and gyrate so portentously as to frighten passengers into the alternative of trudging on foot, inches deep, in slough and quagmire, 'ibis barbarous condition of the highwayn was occasioned chiefly by excessive corruption in the system under which toe Grand Jury assessmenta were applied i

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207